12 results on '"Malorny B"'
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2. Evaluation of WGS based approaches for investigating a food-borne outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Derby in Germany.
- Author
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Simon S, Trost E, Bender J, Fuchs S, Malorny B, Rabsch W, Prager R, Tietze E, and Flieger A
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Disease Outbreaks, Foodborne Diseases epidemiology, Genome, Bacterial, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Meat Products microbiology, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Red Meat microbiology, Retrospective Studies, Salmonella Infections epidemiology, Salmonella enterica classification, Salmonella enterica genetics, Serogroup, Swine, Whole Genome Sequencing, Foodborne Diseases microbiology, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella enterica isolation & purification
- Abstract
In Germany salmonellosis still represents the 2nd most common bacterial foodborne disease. The majority of infections are caused by Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis followed by a variety of other broad host-range serovars. Salmonella Derby is one of the five top-ranked serovars isolated from humans and it represents one of the most prevalent serovars in pigs, thus bearing the potential risk for transmission to humans upon consumption of pig meat and products thereof. From November 2013 to January 2014 S. Derby caused a large outbreak that affected 145 primarily elderly people. Epidemiological investigations identified raw pork sausage as the probable source of infection, which was confirmed by microbiological evidence. During the outbreak isolates from patients, food specimen and asymptomatic carriers were investigated by conventional typing methods. However, the quantity and quality of available microbiological and epidemiological data made this outbreak highly suitable for retrospective investigation by Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and subsequent evaluation of different bioinformatics approaches for cluster definition. Overall the WGS-based methods confirmed the results of the conventional typing but were of significant higher discriminatory power. That was particularly beneficial for strains with incomplete epidemiological data. For our data set both, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)- and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST)-based methods proved to be appropriate tools for cluster definition., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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3. Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Kottbus isolated in Germany from humans, food and animals.
- Author
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Toboldt A, Tietze E, Helmuth R, Junker E, Fruth A, and Malorny B
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Ciprofloxacin pharmacology, DNA Gyrase genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Meat microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Nalidixic Acid pharmacology, Poultry microbiology, Prevalence, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella Infections transmission, Salmonella enterica drug effects, Salmonella enterica genetics, Salmonella enterica isolation & purification, Virulence Factors genetics, Food Microbiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Salmonella Infections epidemiology, Salmonella enterica physiology
- Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Kottbus has been continuously isolated from poultry and poultry meat, especially from turkey. We investigated by comparative molecular typing 95 S. Kottbus isolates obtained in Germany between 2000 and 2011 from poultry/poultry meat, pig/pork, cattle, reptiles, the environment as well as from human cases to identify potential infection sources for humans, especially the role of poultry and poultry products as vehicle in transmission of S. Kottbus isolates to humans. Multilocus sequence typing analysis detected three main genetic lineages. Most human isolates belonged to lineage 1 represented by sequence types ST212 and ST808. Part of the isolates isolated from cattle and pork were also linked to this lineage. Nevertheless, human isolates and especially isolates from poultry/poultry meat, and with less extend from other livestock, grouped in lineage 2 represented by ST582. Four additional isolates from reptiles and humans belonging to ST1669 represented the third lineage. The three lineages were also reflected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing data and DNA microarray analysis of 102 pathogenicity genes. Antimicrobial resistance especially to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was predominantly observed in isolates assigned to lineage 2, which contains predominantly resistant isolates compared to lineage 1 and 3. Sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA revealed a point mutation in codon 83 or 87 responsible for nalidixic acid resistance and MIC values for ciprofloxacin between 0.125 and 0.25mg/l. Overall, this study showed that in Germany a specific S. Kottbus lineage (ST582), which is well-established in poultry, can be transmitted to humans by poultry meat and, consequently, poses a risk for human health., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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4. Population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:b:- strains and likely sources of human infection.
- Author
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Toboldt A, Tietze E, Helmuth R, Junker E, Fruth A, and Malorny B
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Typing Techniques, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Environmental Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Germany, Humans, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular Sequence Data, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Salmonella Infections, Animal microbiology, Salmonella enterica isolation & purification, Virulence Factors genetics, Genetic Variation, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella enterica classification, Salmonella enterica genetics
- Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:b:- is a monophasic serovar not able to express the second-phase flagellar antigen (H2 antigen). In Germany, the serovar is occasionally isolated from poultry, reptiles, fish, food, and humans. In this study, a selection of 67 epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:b:- strains isolated in Germany between 2000 and 2011 from the environment, animal, food, and humans was investigated by phenotypic and genotypic methods to better understand the population structure and to identify potential sources of human infections. Strains of this monophasic serovar were highly diverse. Within the 67 strains analyzed, we identified 52 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis XbaI profiles, 12 different multilocus sequence types (STs), and 18 different pathogenicity array types. The relatedness of strains based on the pathogenicity gene repertoire (102 markers tested) was in good agreement with grouping by MLST. S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:b:- is distributed across multiple unrelated eBurst groups and consequently is highly polyphyletic. Two sequence types (ST88 and ST127) were linked to S. enterica serovar Paratyphi B (d-tartrate positive), two single-locus variants of ST1583 were linked to S. enterica serovar Abony, and one sequence type (ST1484) was associated with S. enterica serovar Mygdal, a recently defined, new serovar. From the characterization of clinical isolates and those of nonhuman origin, it can be concluded that the potential sources of sporadic human infections with S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:b:- most likely are mushrooms, shellfish/fish, and poultry.
- Published
- 2013
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5. Characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- clones isolated from human and other sources in Switzerland between 2007 and 2011.
- Author
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Gallati C, Stephan R, Hächler H, Malorny B, Schroeter A, and Nüesch-Inderbinen M
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Bacteriophage Typing, Bacteriophages classification, Bacteriophages growth & development, Bacteriophages isolation & purification, Chickens microbiology, Environmental Monitoring, Feces microbiology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Salmonella enterica classification, Salmonella enterica isolation & purification, Salmonella enterica virology, Salmonella typhimurium classification, Salmonella typhimurium isolation & purification, Salmonella typhimurium virology, Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) genetics, Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) metabolism, Sus scrofa microbiology, Switzerland, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Meat microbiology, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella enterica drug effects, Salmonella typhimurium drug effects, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium. In this study, a total of 651 human and 107 food and environmental isolates of serovar 4,[5],12:i:- recovered from 2007 through 2011 in Switzerland were characterized by antibiotic resistance profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In addition, a selection of isolates belonging to the most frequent PFGE patterns was further subjected to multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and phage typing. Over the years 2007-2011, the reports of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- significantly increased. A high prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates, mainly showing an ampicillin-streptomycin-sulfonamide-tetracycline resistance pattern (ASSuT), was observed. In addition, four extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) (CTX-M-55)-producing isolates were found. XbaI PFGE analysis of all isolates revealed over 150 different pulsotypes, and generally showed a considerable diversity within the monophasic isolates. Nevertheless, among these we identified seven dominant profiles, which encompassed 66% of all isolates tested. The PFGE type STYMXB.0131 dominated among human as well as food isolates. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profile 3-12-10-0-0211, which, in many cases, coincided with PFGE type STYMXB.0131 and phage type DT193 were the most prevalent types found for the isolates further characterized by these typing methods. Our data provide strong evidence for a spread of two specific Salmonella serovar 4,[5],12:i:- clones (PFGE pattern STYMXB.0131, resistance type ASSuT) and (PFGE pattern STYMXB.0131, resistance type SSuT). In contrast to the human isolates, the pork/poultry isolates expressed predominantly the SSuT resistance type.
- Published
- 2013
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6. Genetic types, gene repertoire, and evolution of isolates of the Salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- Spanish clone assigned to different phage types.
- Author
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García P, Malorny B, Hauser E, Mendoza MC, and Rodicio MR
- Subjects
- Genes, Bacterial, Genetic Markers, Genetic Variation, Humans, Prophages genetics, Salmonella typhimurium isolation & purification, Spain epidemiology, Virulence Factors genetics, Bacteriophage Typing, Evolution, Molecular, Molecular Typing, Salmonella Infections epidemiology, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella typhimurium classification, Salmonella typhimurium genetics
- Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 4,[5],12:i:- is one of the most prevalent serovars associated with human infections worldwide. Two multidrug-resistant clones, designated Spanish and European clones, are recognized as having importance for public health and are subject to control measures in the European Union. In this study, 23 clinical isolates belonging to the Spanish clone were characterized by multilocus sequence typing, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), PCR amplification and sequencing, and a DNA microarray targeting 263 genes, in order to provide new insights into their origins and further evolution. The derived data were compared with information available from other studies for S. 4,[5],12:i:- isolates of both the Spanish and the European clones, to identify differential molecular markers which could be potentially used as surveillance tools in the control of dissemination of this serovar. The isolates analyzed were assigned to sequence type 19 and to 17 MLVA patterns, with 3-13-16-NA-311 being the most prevalent. Highly similar virulence, metabolic, and prophage-associated gene profiles were identified, but DNA mobility markers distinguished five genotypes. Two types of deletions, caused by insertion of IS26, presumably donated by pUO-STmR/RV1-like plasmids typically found in the Spanish clone, affected the fljAB operon and surrounding DNA. The Spanish and European clones differ in sequence type, MLVA patterns, gene repertoire, and fljAB deletion type. The observed variability supports an independent evolution of the two successful monophasic clones from different Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ancestors and can be taken into consideration for epidemiological surveillance.
- Published
- 2013
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7. Clonal dissemination of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis in Germany.
- Author
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Hauser E, Tietze E, Helmuth R, Junker E, Prager R, Schroeter A, Rabsch W, Fruth A, Toboldt A, and Malorny B
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Chickens, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Food Microbiology, Genotype, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Poultry Diseases epidemiology, Poultry Diseases transmission, Salmonella Infections epidemiology, Salmonella Infections transmission, Salmonella enterica classification, Salmonella enterica genetics, Swine, Swine Diseases epidemiology, Swine Diseases transmission, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Meat microbiology, Poultry Diseases microbiology, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella enterica isolation & purification, Swine Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (Salmonella Infantis) is consistently isolated from broiler chickens, pigs, and humans worldwide. This study investigated 93 epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella Infantis strains isolated in Germany between 2005 and 2008 in respect to their transmission along the food chain. Various phenotypic and genotypic methods were applied, and the pathogenicity and resistance gene repertoire was determined. Phenotypically, 66% of the strains were susceptible to all 17 antimicrobials tested, while the others were almost all multidrug-resistant (two or more antimicrobial resistances), with different resistance profiles and preferentially isolated from broiler chickens. A number of phage types (PTs) were shared by strains from pigs, broiler chickens, and humans (predominated by PT 29). One, PT 1, was only detected in strains from pigs/pork and humans. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subdivided strains in seven different clusters, named A-G, consisting of 35 various XbaI profiles with coefficient of similarity values of 0.73-0.97. The majority of XbaI profiles were assigned to clusters A and C, and two predominant XbaI profiles were common in strains isolated from all sources investigated. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of selected strains representing the seven PFGE clusters revealed that they all belonged to ST32. The pathogenicity gene repertoire of 37 representative Salmonella Infantis strains analyzed by microarray was also identical. The resistance gene repertoire correlated perfectly with the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, and multidrug-resistant strains were associated with class 1 integrons. Overall, this study showed that two major closely related genotypes of Salmonella Infantis can transmit in Germany to humans through contaminated broiler meat or pork, and consequently presents a hazard for human health.
- Published
- 2012
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8. [Report on Salmonella isolates submitted to the German National Reference Laboratory for running analyses and tests on zoonoses (Salmonella) in the year 2009].
- Author
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Friedrich A, Szabo I, Dorn C, Schroeter A, Jaber M, Berendonk G, Brom M, Ledwolorz J, Malorny B, and Helmuth R
- Subjects
- Animals, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Salmonella isolation & purification, Salmonella Infections epidemiology, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Serotyping, Food Microbiology, Livestock, Salmonella classification, Salmonella Infections diagnosis, Zoonoses microbiology
- Abstract
The present report deals with Salmonella strains received at the German National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella (NRL-Salm) for routine diagnostic in the year 2009. Hence, the working group continues the previous report from Friedrich et al. (2010) about the documentation on the serovar distribution of Salmonella received at the NRL-Salm in the years 2004-2008. As in the recent years, most of the Salmonella strains originated from livestock and food. In the year 2009 the NRL-Salm received 4765 isolates, most of them (85,1 %) were routine diagnostic. Salmonella ser. Typhimurium, its monophasic variant S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella ser. Enteritidis were the most prevalent serovars. The number of S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates increased in 2009, in comparison to the years 2004-2008, and became the second most prevalent serovar serotyped at the NRL-Salm.
- Published
- 2011
9. Pork contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, an emerging health risk for humans.
- Author
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Hauser E, Tietze E, Helmuth R, Junker E, Blank K, Prager R, Rabsch W, Appel B, Fruth A, and Malorny B
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacteriophage Typing, Cluster Analysis, DNA Fingerprinting, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Genotype, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Epidemiology, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella Infections, Animal microbiology, Serotyping, Swine, Swine Diseases microbiology, Virulence Factors genetics, Food Microbiology, Salmonella Infections epidemiology, Salmonella Infections, Animal epidemiology, Salmonella typhimurium classification, Salmonella typhimurium isolation & purification, Swine Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (antigenic formula 4,[5],12:i:1,2). Worldwide, especially in several European countries and the United States, it has been reported among the 10 most frequently isolated serovars in pigs and humans. In the study reported here, 148 strains of the monophasic serovar isolated from pigs, pork, and humans in 2006 and 2007 in Germany were characterized by various phenotypic and genotypic methods. This characterization was done in order to investigate their clonality, the prevalence of identical subtypes in pigs, pork, and humans, and the genetic relatedness to other S. enterica serovar Typhimurium subtypes in respect to the pathogenic and resistance gene repertoire. Two major clonal lineages of the monophasic serovar were detected which can be differentiated by their phage types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. Seventy percent of the strains tested belonged to definite phage type DT193, and those strains were mainly assigned to PFGE cluster B. Nineteen percent of the strains were typed to phage type DT120 and of these 86% belonged to PFGE cluster A. Sixty-five percent of the isolates of both lineages carried core multiresistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole encoded by the genes bla(TEM1-like), strA-strB, tet(B), and sul2. No correlation to the source of isolation was observed in either lineage. Microarray analysis of 61 S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- and 20 S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates tested determining the presence or absence of 102 representative pathogenicity genes in Salmonella revealed no differences except minor variations in single strains within and between the serovars, e.g., by presence of the virulence plasmid in four strains. Overall the study indicates that in Germany S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- strains isolated from pig, pork, and human are highly related, showing their transmission along the food chain. Since the pathogenicity gene repertoire is highly similar to that of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, it is essential that interventions are introduced at the farm level in order to limit human infection.
- Published
- 2010
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10. Virulotyping and antimicrobial resistance typing of Salmonella enterica serovars relevant to human health in Europe.
- Author
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Huehn S, La Ragione RM, Anjum M, Saunders M, Woodward MJ, Bunge C, Helmuth R, Hauser E, Guerra B, Beutlich J, Brisabois A, Peters T, Svensson L, Madajczak G, Litrup E, Imre A, Herrera-Leon S, Mevius D, Newell DG, and Malorny B
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- Animals, Animals, Domestic microbiology, Bacteriophage Typing, Europe, Fimbriae Proteins genetics, Food Microbiology, Genomic Islands genetics, Genotype, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prophages genetics, Salmonella Infections, Animal microbiology, Salmonella enterica isolation & purification, Salmonella enterica pathogenicity, Serotyping, Species Specificity, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella enterica drug effects, Salmonella enterica genetics, Virulence Factors genetics
- Abstract
The combination of virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance gene typing using DNA arrays is a recently developed genomics-based approach to bacterial molecular epidemiology. We have now applied this technology to 523 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains collected from various host sources and public health and veterinary institutes across nine European countries. The strain set included the five predominant Salmonella serovars isolated in Europe (Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Infantis, Virchow, and Hadar). Initially, these strains were screened for 10 potential virulence factors (avrA, ssaQ, mgtC, siiD, sopB, gipA, sodC1, sopE1, spvC, and bcfC) by polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that only 14 profiles comprising these genes (virulotypes) were observed throughout Europe. Moreover, most of these virulotypes were restricted to only one (n = 9) or two (n = 4) serovars. The data also indicated that the virulotype did not vary significantly with host source or geographical location. Subsequently, a representative subset of 77 strains was investigated using a microarray designed to detect 102 virulence and 49 resistance determinants. The results confirmed and extended the previous observations using the virulo-polymerase chain reaction screen. Strains belonging to the same serovar grouped together, indicating that the broader virulence-associated gene complement corresponded with the serovar. There were, however, some differences in the virulence gene profiles between strains belonging to an individual serovar. This variation occurred primarily within those virulence genes that were prophage encoded, in fimbrial clusters or in the virulence plasmid. It seems likely that such changes enable Salmonella to adapt to different environmental conditions, which might be reflected in serovar-specific ecology. In this strain subset a number of resistance genes were detected and were serovar restricted to a varying degree. Once again the profiles of those genes encoding resistance were similar or the same for each serovar in all hosts and countries investigated.
- Published
- 2010
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11. DNA microarray analysis of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strains causing different symptoms of disease.
- Author
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Litrup E, Torpdahl M, Malorny B, Huehn S, Helms M, Christensen H, and Nielsen EM
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- Adolescent, Adult, Bacteriophage Typing, Child, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Fimbriae, Bacterial genetics, Humans, Infant, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Minisatellite Repeats, Prospective Studies, Salmonella typhimurium classification, Salmonella typhimurium pathogenicity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Serotyping, Severity of Illness Index, Virulence Factors genetics, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis methods, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella typhimurium genetics
- Abstract
Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is one of the leading food-borne pathogens in the USA and European countries. Outcome of human Salmonella serotype Typhimurium infections ranges from mild self-limiting diarrhoea to severe diarrhoea that requires hospitalization. Increased knowledge of the mechanisms that are responsible for causing infection and especially the severity of infection is of high interest., Results: Strains were selected from patients with mild infections (n = 9) and patients with severe infections (n = 9) and clinical data allowed us to correct for known underlying diseases. Additionally, outbreak isolates (n = 3) were selected. Strains were analyzed on a DNA-DNA microarray for presence or absence of 281 genes covering marker groups of genes related to pathogenicity, phages, antimicrobial resistance, fimbriae, mobility, serotype and metabolism. Strains showed highly similar profiles when comparing virulence associated genes, but differences between strains were detected in the prophage marker group. The Salmonella virulence plasmid was present in 72% of the strains, but presence or absence of the virulence plasmid did not correspond to disease symptoms. A dendrogram clustered strains into four groups. Clustering confirmed DT104 as being a clonal phagetype. Clustering of the remaining strains was mainly correlated to presence or absence of the virulence plasmid and mobile elements such as transposons. Each of the four clusters in the tree represented an almost equal amount of strains causing severe or mild symptoms of infection., Conclusions: We investigated clinical significance of known virulence factors of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strains causing different disease symptoms, and conclude that the few detected differences in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium do not affect outcome of human disease.
- Published
- 2010
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12. Detection of Salmonella spp.
- Author
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Malorny B and Helmuth R
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Blotting, Southern, Chelating Agents, Culture Media, DNA, Bacterial analysis, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Humans, Resins, Synthetic, Salmonella classification, Salmonella genetics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Food Microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Salmonella isolation & purification, Salmonella Infections microbiology
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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