Author: "Wittweg, C." / Topic: physics - instrumentation and detectors - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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47 results on '"Wittweg, C."'

1. First Measurement of Solar $^8$B Neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with XENONnT

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar $^8$B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9\,t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51\,t$\times$y resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5\,keV, with ($26.4^{+1.4}_{-1.3}$) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73\,$\sigma$. The measured $^8$B solar neutrino flux of $(4.7_{-2.3}^{+3.6})\times 10^6\,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ is consistent with results from dedicated solar neutrino experiments. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CE$\nu$NS cross-section on Xe of $(1.1^{+0.8}_{-0.5})\times10^{-39}\,\mathrm{cm}^2$ is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.
Published: 2024

2. XENONnT WIMP Search: Signal & Background Modeling and Statistical Inference

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyoergy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENONnT experiment searches for weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter scattering off a xenon nucleus. In particular, XENONnT uses a dual-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9-tonne liquid xenon target, detecting both scintillation and ionization signals to reconstruct the energy, position, and type of recoil. A blind search for nuclear recoil WIMPs with an exposure of 1.1 tonne-years yielded no signal excess over background expectations, from which competitive exclusion limits were derived on WIMP-nucleon elastic scatter cross sections, for WIMP masses ranging from 6 GeV/$c^2$ up to the TeV/$c^2$ scale. This work details the modeling and statistical methods employed in this search. By means of calibration data, we model the detector response, which is then used to derive background and signal models. The construction and validation of these models is discussed, alongside additional purely data-driven backgrounds. We also describe the statistical inference framework, including the definition of the likelihood function and the construction of confidence intervals., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

3. Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using $^{222}\text{Rn}$ and $^{218}\text{Po}$ events, and the root-mean-square convection speed was measured to be $0.30 \pm 0.01$ cm/s. Given this velocity field, $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background events can be tagged when they are followed by $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays, or preceded by $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays. This was achieved by evolving a point cloud in the direction of a measured convection velocity field, and searching for $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays or $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background reduction of $6.2^{+0.4}_{-0.9}\%$ with an exposure loss of $1.8\pm 0.2 \%$, despite the timescales of convection being smaller than the relevant decay times. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic $^{137}\text{Xe}$ background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay., Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

4. The XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cassese, F., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Dadoun, O., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., De Fazio, B., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Disdier, J. M., Douillet, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Form, S., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Garroum, N., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guerzoni, M., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Huhmann, C., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Iven, L., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martella, P., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mele, E., Messina, M., Michinelli, R., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Nisi, S., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Parlati, S., Paschos, P., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rynge, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Stern, M., Stillwell, B. K., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Tatananni, D., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run., Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

5. Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., DÁndrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Šarčević, N., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to ${}^{83m}\mathrm{Kr}$ calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.
Published: 2023
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6. Cosmogenic background simulations for the DARWIN observatory at different underground locations

Author: Adrover, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Breskin, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Garroum, N., Ghosh, S., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hasegawa, T., Hils, C., Higuera, A., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Jörg, F., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Loizeau, J., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Lopes, J. A. M., Marignetti, F., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Ostrovskiy, I., Paetsch, B., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., Silva, M. Rajado, García, D. Ramírez, Razeto, A., Sakamoto, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schulte, P., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C., Urquijo, P., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With 40t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We determine the production rates of unstable xenon isotopes and tritium due to muon-included neutron fluxes and muon-induced spallation. These are expected to represent the dominant contributions to cosmogenic backgrounds and thus the most relevant for site selection.
Published: 2023
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7. Search for events in XENON1T associated with Gravitational Waves

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antoń, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Carlos, D. G. Layos, Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M, Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C, Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We perform a blind search for particle signals in the XENON1T dark matter detector that occur close in time to gravitational wave signals in the LIGO and Virgo observatories. No particle signal is observed in the nuclear recoil, electronic recoil, CE$\nu$NS, and S2-only channels within $\pm$ 500 seconds of observations of the gravitational wave signals GW170104, GW170729, GW170817, GW170818, and GW170823. We use this null result to constrain mono-energetic neutrinos and Beyond Standard Model particles emitted in the closest coalescence GW170817, a binary neutron star merger. We set new upper limits on the fluence (time-integrated flux) of coincident neutrinos down to 17 keV at 90% confidence level. Furthermore, we constrain the product of coincident fluence and cross section of Beyond Standard Model particles to be less than $10^{-29}$ cm$^2$/cm$^2$ in the [5.5-210] keV energy range at 90% confidence level.
Published: 2023

8. Searching for Heavy Dark Matter near the Planck Mass with XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Multiple viable theoretical models predict heavy dark matter particles with a mass close to the Planck mass, a range relatively unexplored by current experimental measurements. We use 219.4 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment to conduct a blind search for signals from Multiply-Interacting Massive Particles (MIMPs). Their unique track signature allows a targeted analysis with only 0.05 expected background events from muons. Following unblinding, we observe no signal candidate events. This work places strong constraints on spin-independent interactions of dark matter particles with a mass between 1$\times$10$^{12}\,$GeV/c$^2$ and 2$\times$10$^{17}\,$GeV/c$^2$. In addition, we present the first exclusion limits on spin-dependent MIMP-neutron and MIMP-proton cross-sections for dark matter particles with masses close to the Planck scale., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2023
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9. First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of $5.9$ t. During the approximately 1.1 tonne-year exposure used for this search, the intrinsic $^{85}$Kr and $^{222}$Rn concentrations in the liquid target were reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of $(15.8\pm1.3)~\mathrm{events}/(\mathrm{t\cdot y \cdot keV})$ in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between $3.3$ keV and $60.5$ keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of $2.58\times 10^{-47}~\mathrm{cm}^2$ for a WIMP mass of $28~\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ at $90\%$ confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses analyzed here improve on previous results obtained with the XENON1T experiment for the same exposure., Comment: Limit points are included in the submission file
Published: 2023
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10. Electron transport measurements in liquid xenon with Xenoscope, a large-scale DARWIN demonstrator

Author: Baudis, L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Cuenca-Garcia, J. J., Franchi, J., Galloway, M., Girard, F., Peres, R., Garcia, D. Ramirez, Sanchez-Lucas, P., Thieme, K., and Wittweg, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: There is a compelling physics case for a large, xenon-based underground detector devoted to dark matter and other rare-event searches. A two-phase time projection chamber as inner detector allows for a good energy resolution, a three-dimensional position determination of the interaction site and particle discrimination. To study challenges related to the construction and operation of a multi-tonne scale detector, we have designed and constructed a vertical, full-scale demonstrator for the DARWIN experiment at the University of Zurich. Here we present first results from a several-months run with 343 kg of xenon and electron drift lifetime and transport measurements with a 53 cm tall purity monitor immersed in the cryogenic liquid. After 88 days of continuous purification, the electron lifetime reached a value of 664(23) microseconds. We measured the drift velocity of electrons for electric fields in the range (25--75) V/cm, and found values consistent with previous measurements. We also calculated the longitudinal diffusion constant of the electron cloud in the same field range, and compared with previous data, as well as with predictions from an empirical model.
Published: 2023
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11. The Triggerless Data Acquisition System of the XENONnT Experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rocchetti, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The XENONnT detector uses the latest and largest liquid xenon-based time projection chamber (TPC) operated by the XENON Collaboration, aimed at detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and conducting other rare event searches. The XENONnT data acquisition (DAQ) system constitutes an upgraded and expanded version of the XENON1T DAQ system. For its operation, it relies predominantly on commercially available hardware accompanied by open-source and custom-developed software. The three constituent subsystems of the XENONnT detector, the TPC (main detector), muon veto, and the newly introduced neutron veto, are integrated into a single DAQ, and can be operated both independently and as a unified system. In total, the DAQ digitizes the signals of 698 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), of which 253 from the top PMT array of the TPC are digitized twice, at $\times10$ and $\times0.5$ gain. The DAQ for the most part is a triggerless system, reading out and storing every signal that exceeds the digitization thresholds. Custom-developed software is used to process the acquired data, making it available within $\mathcal{O}\left(10\text{ s}\right)$ for live data quality monitoring and online analyses. The entire system with all the three subsystems was successfully commissioned and has been operating continuously, comfortably withstanding readout rates that exceed $\sim500$ MB/s during calibration. Livetime during normal operation exceeds $99\%$ and is $\sim90\%$ during most high-rate calibrations. The combined DAQ system has collected more than 2 PB of both calibration and science data during the commissioning of XENONnT and the first science run.
Published: 2022
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12. Low-energy Calibration of XENON1T with an Internal $^{37}$Ar Source

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Geppert, C., and Riemer, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $^{37}$Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (32.3$\pm$0.3) photons/keV and (40.6$\pm$0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (68.0$^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$) electrons/keV. The $^{37}$Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83$\pm$0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that $^{37}$Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.
Published: 2022
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13. An approximate likelihood for nuclear recoil searches with XENON1T data

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON collaboration has published stringent limits on specific dark matter -nucleon recoil spectra from dark matter recoiling on the liquid xenon detector target. In this paper, we present an approximate likelihood for the XENON1T 1 tonne-year nuclear recoil search applicable to any nuclear recoil spectrum. Alongside this paper, we publish data and code to compute upper limits using the method we present. The approximate likelihood is constructed in bins of reconstructed energy, profiled along the signal expectation in each bin. This approach can be used to compute an approximate likelihood and therefore most statistical results for any nuclear recoil spectrum. Computing approximate results with this method is approximately three orders of magnitude faster than the likelihood used in the original publications of XENON1T, where limits were set for specific families of recoil spectra. Using this same method, we include toy Monte Carlo simulation-derived binwise likelihoods for the upcoming XENONnT experiment that can similarly be used to assess the sensitivity to arbitrary nuclear recoil signatures in its eventual 20 tonne-year exposure., Comment: Accepted by European Physical Journal C
Published: 2022
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14. GPU-based optical simulation of the DARWIN detector

Author: Althueser, L., Antunović, B., Aprile, E., Bajpai, D., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Budnik, R., Chauvin, A., Colijn, A. P., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Di Gangi, P., Dierle, J., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Eitel, K., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Findley, C., Fischer, H., Galloway, M., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Guida, M., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Jörg, F., Jones, L., Kavrigin, P., Krauss, L. M., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindner, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, E., Matias-Lopes, J., Milutinovic, S., Monteiro, C. M. B., Murra, M., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Ostrovskiy, I., Pandurovic, M., Peres, R., Qin, J., Silva, M. Rajado, García, D. Ramírez, Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schumann, M., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thieme, K., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Wang, W., Wittweg, C., and Xing, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Understanding propagation of scintillation light is critical for maximizing the discovery potential of next-generation liquid xenon detectors that use dual-phase time projection chamber technology. This work describes a detailed optical simulation of the DARWIN detector implemented using Chroma, a GPU-based photon tracking framework. To evaluate the framework and to explore ways of maximizing efficiency and minimizing the time of light collection, we simulate several variations of the conventional detector design. Results of these selected studies are presented. More generally, we conclude that the approach used in this work allows one to investigate alternative designs faster and in more detail than using conventional Geant4 optical simulations, making it an attractive tool to guide the development of the ultimate liquid xenon observatory., Comment: Updated to address the referees' comments, add few more authors. Journal reference added
Published: 2022
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15. A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Aerne, V., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Akimov, D. Yu., Akshat, J., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Alsum, S. K., Althueser, L., Amarasinghe, C. S., Amaro, F. D., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arneodo, F., Arthurs, M., Asadi, P., Baek, S., Bai, X., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Balzer, M., Bandyopadhyay, A., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Baur, D., Baxter, A., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Behrens, J., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Beltrame, P., Benabderrahmane, M., Bernard, E. P., Bertone, G. F., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Binau, A. R., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishara, F., Bismark, A., Blanco, C., Blockinger, G. M., Bodnia, E., Boehm, C., Bolozdynya, A. I., Bolton, P. D., Bottaro, S., Bourgeois, C., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brew, C. A. J., Brod, J., Brookes, E., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Burdin, S., Buse, S., Busenitz, J. K., Buttazzo, D., Buuck, M., Buzulutskov, A., Cabrita, R., Cai, C., Cai, D., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Catena, R., Chakraborty, S., Chan, C., Chang, S., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Chepel, V., Chott, N. I., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. Cimental, Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Co, R. T., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Costa, M., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Creaner, O., Garcia, J. J. Cuenca, Cussonneau, J. P., Cutter, J. E., Dahl, C. E., D'Andrea, V., David, A., Decowski, M. P., Dent, J. B., Deppisch, F. F., de Viveiros, L., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Pede, S., Dierle, J., Diglio, S., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunsky, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Emken, T., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fairbairn, M., Fan, A., Fan, J. J., Farrell, S. J., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A., Ferrari, C., Fieguth, A., Fiorucci, S., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flierman, M., Florek, T., Foot, R., Fox, P. J., Franceschini, R., Fraser, E. D., Frenk, C. S., Frohlich, S., Fruth, T., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garcia, I. Garcia, Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Gibson, E., Gil, W., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., de Gouvêa, A., Gráf, L., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Grinstein, B., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Grössle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gumbsheimer, R., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hall, L. J., Hammann, R., Han, K., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Harata, R., Hardin, S. P., Hardy, E., Hardy, C. A., Harigaya, K., Harnik, R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hochrein, S., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Hood, N., Hooper, D., Horn, M., Howlett, J., Huang, D. Q., Huang, Y., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Ide, R., Ignarra, C. M., Iloglu, G., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jahangir, O., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Jansen, A., Ji, W., Ji, X., Joerg, F., Johnson, J., Joy, A., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kanezaki, K., Kar, K., Kara, M., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keaveney, A. W., Kellerer, J., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khundzakishvili, G., Khurana, I., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Ko, P., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Kopp, J., Korley, L., Kornoukhov, V. N., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Krauss, L. M., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kumar, J., Paredes, B. López, LaCascio, L., Laine, Q., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Leason, E. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Levy, C., Li, I., Li, S. C., Li, T., Liang, S., Liebenthal, C. S., Lin, J., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, X., Liu, K., Liu, J., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Machado, P. A. N., Macolino, C., Maeda, T., Mahlstedt, J., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., March-Russell, J., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Martin, R., Martinez-Soler, I., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mastronardi, M., Matias-Lopes, J. A., McCarthy, M. E., McFadden, N., McGinness, E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McMichael, K., Meinhardt, P., Menéndez, J., Meng, Y., Messina, M., Midha, R., Milisavljevic, D., Miller, E. H., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Mitra, S. A., Miuchi, K., Mizrachi, E., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Monte, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Moore, J. S., Morå, K., Morad, J. A., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Mueller, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naim, D., Nakamura, S., Nash, E., Navaieelavasani, N., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Niro, V., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oikonomou, P., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K., Oranday, A., Orpwood, J., Ostrovskiy, I., Ozaki, K., Paetsch, B., Pal, S., Palacio, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Panci, P., Pandurovic, M., Parlati, A., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pěč, V., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perez-Gonzalez, Y., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Petrossian-Byrne, R., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pieramico, G., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Pizella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T., Porzio, D., Qi, J., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Raj, N., Silva, M. Rajado, Ramanathan, K., García, D. Ramírez, Ravanis, J., Redard-Jacot, L., Redigolo, D., Reichard, S., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rocchetti, A., Rosenfeld, S. L., Rosero, R., Rupp, N., Rushton, T., Saha, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scheibelhut, M., Schnee, R. W., Schrank, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulte, D., Eissing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Schwemberger, T., Schwenk, A., Schwetz, T., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Sekiya, H., Selvi, M., Semenov, E., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shaw, S., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Shutt, T. A., Si-Ahmed, R., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Silva, M. C., Simgen, H., Šimkovic, F., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Skulski, W., Smirnov, J., Smith, R., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Sparmann, T. J., Stancu, I., Steidl, M., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Strigari, L. E., Subotic, D., Suerfu, B., Suliga, A. M., Sumner, T. J., Szabo, P., Szydagis, M., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tan, P. -L., Taricco, C., Taylor, W. C., Temples, D. J., Terliuk, A., Terman, P. A., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Thümmler, Th., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Toennies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G. C., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tsai, Y. D., Tunnell, C. D., Turner, W. G., Ueno, R., Urquijo, P., Utku, U., Vaitkus, A., Valerius, K., Vassilev, E., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., Vincent, A. C., Vittorio, L., Volta, G., von Krosigk, B., von Piechowski, M., Vorkapic, D., Wagner, C. E. M., Wang, A. M., Wang, B., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Wang, J. J., Wang, L. -T., Wang, M., Watson, J. R., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weisman, E., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., West, S. M., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wilson, M. J., Winkler, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., Wu, P., Wüstling, S., Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xing, Y., Xu, J., Xu, Z., Xu, D., Yamashita, M., Yamazaki, R., Yan, H., Yang, L., Yang, Y., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Young, I., Yu, H. B., Yu, T. T., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhou, N., Zhou, X., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., and Zupan, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector., Comment: 77 pages, 40 figures, 1262 references
Published: 2022
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16. Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Bernard, A., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Form, S., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Huhmann, C., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of $(360 \pm 60)$ ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fit to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550 days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove Ar-37 after its injection for a low energy calibration in XENON1T. This makes the usage of Ar-37 as a regular calibration source possible in the future. The online distillation can be applied to next-generation experiments to remove krypton prior to, or during, any science run. The model developed here allows further optimization of the distillation strategy for future large scale detectors.
Published: 2021
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17. Emission of Single and Few Electrons in XENON1T and Limits on Light Dark Matter

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Bernard, A., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shenyang, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Delayed single- and few-electron emissions plague dual-phase time projection chambers, limiting their potential to search for light-mass dark matter. This paper examines the origins of these events in the XENON1T experiment. Characterization of the intensity of delayed electron backgrounds shows that the resulting emissions are correlated, in time and position, with high-energy events and can effectively be vetoed. In this work we extend previous S2-only analyses down to a single electron. From this analysis, after removing the correlated backgrounds, we observe rates < 30 events/(electron*kg*day) in the region of interest spanning 1 to 5 electrons. We derive 90% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron scattering, first direct limits on the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and anapole interactions, and bosonic dark matter models, where we exclude new parameter space for dark photons and solar dark photons., Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, Updated to correct published Solar Dark Photon limit
Published: 2021
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18. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Laubenstein, M., and Nisi, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background ($\sim$17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected $^{222}$Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2$\,(^{+0.5}_{-0.7})\,\mu$Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.
Published: 2021
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19. $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Garbini, M., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a $^{222}$Rn activity concentration of 10 $\mu$Bq/kg in 3.2 t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the $^{222}$Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate critical components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the $^{222}$Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final $^{222}$Rn activity concentration of (4.5 $\pm$ 0.1) $\mu$Bq/kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2020
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20. Projected WIMP Sensitivity of the XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment

Author: The XENON collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: XENONnT is a dark matter direct detection experiment, utilizing 5.9 t of instrumented liquid xenon, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we predict the experimental background and project the sensitivity of XENONnT to the detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The expected average differential background rate in the energy region of interest, corresponding to (1, 13) keV and (4, 50) keV for electronic and nuclear recoils, amounts to $12.3 \pm 0.6$ (keV t y)$^{-1}$ and $(2.2\pm 0.5)\times 10^{-3}$ (keV t y)$^{-1}$, respectively, in a 4 t fiducial mass. We compute unified confidence intervals using the profile construction method, in order to ensure proper coverage. With the exposure goal of 20 t$\,$y, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions reaches a cross-section of $1.4\times10^{-48}$ cm$^2$ for a 50 GeV/c$^2$ mass WIMP at 90% confidence level, more than one order of magnitude beyond the current best limit, set by XENON1T. In addition, we show that for a 50 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP with cross-sections above $2.6\times10^{-48}$ cm$^2$ ($5.0\times10^{-48}$ cm$^2$) the median XENONnT discovery significance exceeds 3$\sigma$ (5$\sigma$). The expected sensitivity to the spin-dependent WIMP coupling to neutrons (protons) reaches $2.2\times10^{-43}$ cm$^2$ ($6.0\times10^{-42}$ cm$^2$).
Published: 2020
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21. Solar Neutrino Detection Sensitivity in DARWIN via Electron Scattering

Author: Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We detail the sensitivity of the liquid xenon (LXe) DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: $pp$, $^7$Be, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$. The precision of the $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$ components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of $pp$ neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the weak mixing angle, $\sin^2\theta_w$, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, $P_e$, in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, at an exposure of 300 ty. An observation of $pp$ and $^7$Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high (GS98) and low metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1-2.5$\sigma$ significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of $^8$B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of $^{131}$Xe., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; for associated data files, see https://github.com/Physik-Institut-UZH/DARWIN-Sensitivity-Studies/tree/master/solar_neutrinos_electron_scattering
Published: 2020

22. Sensitivity of the DARWIN observatory to the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe

Author: Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Girard, F., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Jörg, F., Khundzakishvili, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Krauss, L. M., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Macolino, C., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, E., Meinhardt, P., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Murra, M., Oberlack, U. G., Pandurovic, M., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Zopounidis, J. P., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The DARWIN observatory is a proposed next-generation experiment to search for particle dark matter and for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. Out of its 50$\,$t total natural xenon inventory, 40$\,$t will be the active target of a time projection chamber which thus contains about 3.6 t of $^{136}$Xe. Here, we show that its projected half-life sensitivity is $2.4\times10^{27}\,$yr, using a fiducial volume of 5t of natural xenon and 10$\,$yr of operation with a background rate of less than 0.2$~$events/(t$\cdot$yr) in the energy region of interest. This sensitivity is based on a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of the background and event topologies in the large, homogeneous target. DARWIN will be comparable in its science reach to dedicated double beta decay experiments using xenon enriched in $^{136}$Xe., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2020

23. Energy resolution and linearity of XENON1T in the MeV energy range

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Di Stefano, A. Depoian P. Di Gangi A. Di Giovanni R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Qin, G. Plante J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Xu, M. Weiss, Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Xenon dual-phase time projection chambers designed to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles have so far shown a relative energy resolution which degrades with energy above $\sim$200 keV due to the saturation effects. This has limited their sensitivity in the search for rare events like the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at its $Q$-value, $Q_{\beta\beta}\simeq$ 2.46 MeV. For the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber, we demonstrate that the relative energy resolution at 1 $\sigma/\mu$ is as low as (0.80$\pm$0.02) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at $Q_{\beta\beta}$. We also present a new signal correction method to rectify the saturation effects of the signal readout system, resulting in more accurate position reconstruction and indirectly improving the energy resolution. The very good result achieved in XENON1T opens up new windows for the xenon dual-phase dark matter detectors to simultaneously search for other rare events., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2020
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24. Search for Light Dark Matter Interactions Enhanced by the Migdal effect or Bremsstrahlung in XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qin, J., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Direct dark matter detection experiments based on a liquid xenon target are leading the search for dark matter particles with masses above $\sim$ 5 GeV/c$^2$, but have limited sensitivity to lighter masses because of the small momentum transfer in dark matter-nucleus elastic scattering. However, there is an irreducible contribution from inelastic processes accompanying the elastic scattering, which leads to the excitation and ionization of the recoiling atom (the Migdal effect) or the emission of a Bremsstrahlung photon. In this letter, we report on a probe of low-mass dark matter with masses down to about 85 MeV/c$^2$ by looking for electronic recoils induced by the Migdal effect and Bremsstrahlung, using data from the XENON1T experiment. Besides the approach of detecting both scintillation and ionization signals, we exploit an approach that uses ionization signals only, which allows for a lower detection threshold. This analysis significantly enhances the sensitivity of XENON1T to light dark matter previously beyond its reach.
Published: 2019
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25. XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N. N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso is the most sensitive direct detection experiment for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting particles (WIMPs) with masses above $6\,$GeV/$c^2$ scattering off nuclei. The detector employs a dual-phase time projection chamber with 2.0 metric tons of liquid xenon in the target. A one metric $\mathrm{ton}\times\mathrm{year}$ exposure of science data was collected between October 2016 and February 2018. This article reports on the performance of the detector during this period and describes details of the data analysis that led to the most stringent exclusion limits on various WIMP-nucleon interaction models to date. In particular, signal reconstruction, event selection and calibration of the detector response to nuclear and electronic recoils in XENON1T are discussed.
Published: 2019
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26. The XENON1T Data Acquisition System

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Pieracci, M., and Tintori, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON1T liquid xenon time projection chamber is the most sensitive detector built to date for the measurement of direct interactions of weakly interacting massive particles with normal matter. The data acquisition system (DAQ) is constructed from commercial, open source, and custom components to digitize signals from the detector and store them for later analysis. The system achieves an extremely low signal threshold below a tenth of a photoelectron using a parallelized readout with the global trigger deferred to a later, software stage. The event identification is based on MongoDB database queries and has over 97% efficiency at recognizing interactions at the analysis energy threshold. A readout bandwidth over 300 MB/s is reached in calibration modes and is further expandable via parallelization. This DAQ system was successfully used during three years of operation of XENON1T., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JINST; Version 2 with minor updates to text
Published: 2019
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27. XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal & Background Models, and Statistical Inference

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment searches for dark matter particles through their scattering off xenon atoms in a 2 tonne liquid xenon target. The detector is a dual-phase time projection chamber, which measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization signals produced by interactions in target volume, to reconstruct energy and position, as well as the type of the interaction. The background rate in the central volume of XENON1T detector is the lowest achieved so far with a liquid xenon-based direct detection experiment. In this work we describe the response model of the detector, the background and signal models, and the statistical inference procedures used in the dark matter searches with a 1 tonne$\times$year exposure of XENON1T data, that leaded to the best limit to date on WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross-section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c$^2$.
Published: 2019
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28. Dark Matter Search Results from a One Tonne$\times$Year Exposure of XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Qiu, H., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pelssers, B., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Priel, N., García, D. Ramírez, Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) using 278.8 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment at LNGS. XENON1T utilizes a liquid xenon time projection chamber with a fiducial mass of $(1.30 \pm 0.01)$ t, resulting in a 1.0 t$\times$yr exposure. The energy region of interest, [1.4, 10.6] $\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$ ([4.9, 40.9] $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$), exhibits an ultra-low electron recoil background rate of $(82\substack{+5 \\ -3}\textrm{ (sys)}\pm3\textrm{ (stat)})$ events/$(\mathrm{t}\times\mathrm{yr}\times\mathrm{keV_{ee}})$. No significant excess over background is found and a profile likelihood analysis parameterized in spatial and energy dimensions excludes new parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross-section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c${}^2$, with a minimum of $4.1\times10^{-47}$ cm$^2$ at 30 GeV/c${}^2$ and 90% confidence level., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, v2 limit points as csv
Published: 2018
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29. The XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Antunes, B., Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Disdier, J. -M., Doets, M., Duchovni, E., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Florin, D., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Huhmann, C., Itay, R., James, A., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Maier, R., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Pakarha, P., Parlati, S., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Piro, M. -C., Plante, G., Priel, N., García, D. Ramírez, Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Saldahna, R., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. v., Stern, M., Stein, A., Tatananni, D., Tatananni, L., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Walet, R., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) is the first WIMP dark matter detector operating with a liquid xenon target mass above the ton-scale. Out of its 3.2t liquid xenon inventory, 2.0t constitute the active target of the dual-phase time projection chamber. The scintillation and ionization signals from particle interactions are detected with low-background photomultipliers. This article describes the XENON1T instrument and its subsystems as well as strategies to achieve an unprecedented low background level. First results on the detector response and the performance of the subsystems are also presented., Comment: 22 pages, 25 figures
Published: 2017
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30. Emission of single and few electrons in XENON1T and limits on light dark matter

Author: Aprile, E, Abe, K, Agostini, F, Maouloud, Sa, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Angelino, E, Angevaare, Jr, Antochi, Vc, Martin, Da, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, Baxter, Al, Bellagamba, L, Bernard, A, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, Cardoso, Jmr, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Colijn, Ap, Conrad, J, Cuenca-Garcia, Jj, Cussonneau, Jp, D'Andrea, V, Decowski, Mp, Di Gangi, P, Di Pede, S, Di Giovanni, A, Di Stefano, R, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, Ferella, Ad, Fischer, H, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Howlett, J, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, Lang, Rf, Levinson, L, Li, I, Li, S, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Lombardi, F, Long, J, Lopes, Jam, Ma, Y, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, Undagoitia, Tm, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Moriyama, S, Mora, K, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, Muller, J, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Paetsch, B, Palacio, J, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pierre, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Qi, J, Qin, J, Garcia, Dr, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Sanchez, L, dos Santos, Jmf, Sarnoff, I, Sartorelli, G, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, Eissing, Hs, Schumann, M, Lavina, Ls, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shi, S, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, Tan, Pl, Terliuk, A, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, Tonnies, E, Valerius, K, Volta, G, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, T, Xu, Z, Yamashita, M, Yang, L, Ye, J, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhu, T, Zopounidis, Jp, IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Anton Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Bernard, A., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-Garcia, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodan Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Mora, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Muller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramirez Garcia, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulze Eissing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tonnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., and Zopounidis, J. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, XENON1T, Light dark matter, WIMP, Light dark matter, WIMP, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), XENON1T, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Delayed single- and few-electron emissions plague dual-phase time projection chambers, limiting their potential to search for light-mass dark matter. This paper examines the origins of these events in the XENON1T experiment. Characterization of the intensity of delayed electron backgrounds shows that the resulting emissions are correlated, in time and position, with high-energy events and can effectively be vetoed. In this work we extend previous S2-only analyses down to a single electron. From this analysis, after removing the correlated backgrounds, we observe rates < 30 events/(electron*kg*day) in the region of interest spanning 1 to 5 electrons. We derive 90% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron scattering, first direct limits on the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and anapole interactions, and bosonic dark matter models, where we exclude new parameter space for dark photons and solar dark photons., 20 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2022

31. A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: Aalbers, J, AbdusSalam, SS, Abe, K, Aerne, V, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Akerib, DS, Akimov, DY, Akshat, J, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Alsum, SK, Althueser, L, Amarasinghe, CS, Amaro, FD, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Andrieu, B, Angelides, N, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J, Antochi, VC, Antón Martin, D, Antunovic, B, Aprile, E, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arneodo, F, Arthurs, M, Asadi, P, Baek, S, Bai, X, Bajpai, D, Baker, A, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Balzer, M, Bandyopadhyay, A, Bang, J, Barberio, E, Bargemann, JW, Baudis, L, Bauer, D, Baur, D, Baxter, A, Baxter, AL, Bazyk, M, Beattie, K, Behrens, J, Bell, NF, Bellagamba, L, Beltrame, P, Benabderrahmane, M, Bernard, EP, Bertone, GF, Bhattacharjee, P, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Binau, AR, Biondi, R, Biondi, Y, Birch, HJ, Bishara, F, Bismark, A, Blanco, C, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boehm, C, Bolozdynya, AI, Bolton, PD, Bottaro, S, Bourgeois, C, Boxer, B, Brás, P, Breskin, A, Breur, PA, Brew, CAJ, Brod, J, Brookes, E, Brown, A, Brown, E, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Bui, TK, Burdin, S, Buse, S, Busenitz, JK, Buttazzo, D, Buuck, M, Buzulutskov, A, Cabrita, R, Cai, C, Cai, D, Capelli, C, Cardoso, JMR, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Catena, R, Chakraborty, S, Chan, C, Chang, S, Chauvin, A, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Chepel, V, Chott, NI, Cichon, D, Cimental Chavez, A, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Co, RT, Colijn, AP, Conrad, J, Converse, MV, Costa, M, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cuenca Garcia, JJ, Cussonneau, JP, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, D’Andrea, V, David, A, Decowski, MP, Dent, JB, Deppisch, FF, De Viveiros, L, Di Gangi, P, Di Giovanni, A, Di Pede, S, Dierle, J, Diglio, S, Dobson, JEY, Doerenkamp, M, Douillet, D, Drexlin, G, Druszkiewicz, E, Dunsky, D, Eitel, K, Elykov, A, Emken, T, Engel, R, Eriksen, Fairbairn, M, Fan, A, Fan, JJ, Farrell, SJ, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Ferella, A, Ferrari, C, Fieguth, A, Fiorucci, S, Fischer, H, Flaecher, H, Flierman, M, Florek, T, Foot, R, Fox, PJ, Franceschini, R, Fraser, ED, Frenk, CS, Frohlich, S, Fruth, T, Fulgione, W, Fuselli, C, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Gaitskell, RJ, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Garcia Garcia, I, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Ghosh, S, Gibson, E, Gil, W, Giovagnoli, D, Girard, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Glück, F, Gokhale, S, De Gouvêa, A, Gráf, L, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Grinstein, B, Van Der Grinten, MGD, Grössle, R, Guan, H, Guida, M, Gumbsheimer, R, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Hall, LJ, Hammann, R, Han, K, Hannen, V, Hansmann-Menzemer, S, Harata, R, Hardin, SP, Hardy, E, Hardy, CA, Harigaya, K, Harnik, R, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, M, Hertel, SA, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hochrein, S, Hoetzsch, L, Hoferichter, M, Hood, N, Hooper, D, Horn, M, Howlett, J, Huang, DQ, Huang, Y, Hunt, D, Iacovacci, M, Iaquaniello, G, Ide, R, Ignarra, CM, Iloglu, G, Itow, Y, Jacquet, E, Jahangir, O, Jakob, J, James, RS, Jansen, A, Ji, W, Ji, X, Joerg, F, Johnson, J, Joy, A, Kaboth, AC, Kalhor, L, Kamaha, AC, Kanezaki, K, Kar, K, Kara, M, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Keaveney, AW, Kellerer, J, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khundzakishvili, G, Khurana, I, Kilminster, B, Kleifges, M, Ko, P, Kobayashi, M, Kodroff, D, Koltmann, G, Kopec, A, Kopmann, A, Kopp, J, Korley, L, Kornoukhov, VN, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Krauss, LM, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Kudryavtsev, VA, Kuger, F, Kumar, J, López Paredes, B, LaCascio, L, Laha, R, Laine, Q, Landsman, H, Lang, RF, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levinson, L, Levy, C, Li, I, Li, SC, Li, T, Liang, S, Liebenthal, CS, Lin, J, Lin, Q, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, Liu, K, Liu, J, Loizeau, J, Lombardi, F, Long, J, Lopes, MI, Lopez Asamar, E, Lorenzon, W, Lu, C, Luitz, S, Ma, Y, Machado, PAN, Macolino, C, Maeda, T, Mahlstedt, J, Majewski, PA, Manalaysay, A, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Mannino, RL, Marangou, N, March-Russell, J, Marignetti, F, Marrodán Undagoitia, T, Martens, K, Martin, R, Martinez-Soler, I, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Mastronardi, M, 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Scotto Lavina, L, R Scovell, P, Sekiya, H, Selvi, M, Semenov, E, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shaw, S, Shi, S, Shockley, E, A Shutt, T, Si-Ahmed, R, J Silk, J, Silva, C, C Silva, M, Simgen, H, imkovic, F, Sinev, G, Singh, R, Skulski, W, Smirnov, J, Smith, R, Solmaz, M, N Solovov, V, Sorensen, P, Soria, J, J Sparmann, T, Stancu, I, Steidl, M, Stevens, A, Stifter, K, E Strigari, L, Subotic, D, Suerfu, B, M Suliga, A, J Sumner, T, Szabo, P, Szydagis, M, Takeda, A, Takeuchi, Y, Tan, P-L, Taricco, C, C Taylor, W, J Temples, D, Terliuk, A, A Terman, P, Thers, D, Thieme, K, Th??mmler, T, R Tiedt, D, Timalsina, M, H To, W, Toennies, F, Tong, Z, Toschi, F, R Tovey, D, Tranter, J, Trask, M, C Trinchero, G, Tripathi, M, R Tronstad, D, Trotta, R, D Tsai, Y, D Tunnell, C, G Turner, W, Ueno, R, Urquijo, P, Utku, U, Vaitkus, A, Valerius, K, Vassilev, E, Vecchi, S, Velan, V, Vetter, S, C Vincent, A, Vittorio, L, Volta, G, von Krosigk, B, von Piechowski, M, Vorkapic, D, M Wagner, C E, M Wang, A, Wang, B, Wang, Y, Wang, W, J Wang, J, Wang, L-T, Wang, M, R Watson, J, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weisman, E, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, M West, S, J Whitis, T, Williams, M, J Wilson, M, Winkler, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, J, Wolf, T, H Wolfs, F L, Woodford, S, Woodward, D, J Wright, C, S Wu, V H, Wu, P, W??stling, S, Wurm, M, Xia, Q, Xiang, X, Xing, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Xu, D, Yamashita, M, Yamazaki, R, Yan, H, Yang, L, Yang, Y, Ye, J, Yeh, M, Young, I, B Yu, H, T Yu, T, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zerbo, S, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhou, N, Zhou, X, Zhu, T, Zhu, Y, Zhuang, Y, P Zopounidis, J, Zuber, K, Zupan, J, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), HEP, INSPIRE, Lang, RF [0000-0001-7594-2746], Schumann, M [0000-0002-5036-1256], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: detector: technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 530 Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, dark matter, neutrinoless double-beta decay, neutrinos, supernova, direct detection, astroparticle physics, xenon, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nucl-ex, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), double-beta decay: (0neutrino), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Physics - Experiment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Topical Review, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering & allied operations, activity report, xenon: liquid, hep-ex, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), dark matter: detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], astro-ph.CO, time projection chamber: xenon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, ddc:620, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Particle Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector., 77 pages, 40 figures, 1262 references
Published: 2022

32. Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E, Abe, K, Agostini, F, S Ahmed Maouloud, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Angelino, E, R Angevaare, J, C Antochi, V, D Ant??n Martin, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, L Baxter, A, Bellagamba, L, Bernard, A, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, J M, R Cardoso, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, P Colijn, A, Conrad, J, J Cuenca-Garc??a, J, P Cussonneau, J, D???andrea, V, P Decowski, M, P Di Gangi, S Di Pede, A Di Giovanni, R Di Stefano, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, D Ferella, A, Fischer, H, Form, S, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Howlett, J, Huhmann, C, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, F Lang, R, Levinson, L, S, Li, I, Li, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Lombardi, F, Long, J, J A, M Lopes, Y, Ma, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, T Marrod??n Undagoitia, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Moriyama, S, Mor??, K, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, M??ller, J, K, Ni, Oberlack, U, Paetsch, B, Palacio, J, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pierre, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, J, Qi, Qin, J, D Ram??rez Garc??a, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Sanchez, L, J M, F dos Santos, Sartorelli, G, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, H Schulze Ei??ing, Schumann, M, L Scotto Lavina, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, P-L, Tan, Terliuk, A, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, T??nnies, F, Valerius, K, Volta, G, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, T, Z, Xu, Yamashita, M, Yang, L, J, Ye, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhu, T, Aprile, E, Abe, K, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Angelino, E, R Angevaare, J, C Antochi, V, Ant??n Martin, D, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, L Baxter, A, Bellagamba, L, Bernard, A, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, R Cardoso, J M, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, P Colijn, A, Conrad, J, J Cuenca-Garc??a, J, P Cussonneau, J, D???andrea, V, P Decowski, M, Di Gangi, P, Di Pede, S, Di Giovanni, A, Di Stefano, R, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, D Ferella, A, Fischer, H, Form, S, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Howlett, J, Huhmann, C, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, F Lang, R, Levinson, L, Li, S, I, Li, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Lombardi, F, Long, J, M Lopes, J A, Ma, Y, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, Marrod??n Undagoitia, T, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Moriyama, S, Mor??, K, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, M??ller, J, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Paetsch, B, Palacio, J, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pierre, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Qi, J, Qin, J, Ram??rez Garc??a, D, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Sanchez, L, F dos Santos, J M, Sartorelli, G, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, Schulze Ei??ing, H, Schumann, M, Scotto Lavina, L, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, Tan, P-L, Terliuk, A, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, T??nnies, F, Valerius, K, Volta, G, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, T, Xu, Z, Yamashita, M, Yang, L, Ye, J, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhu, T, IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), and Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Krypton, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, C43, F40, H20, H54, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Distillation, radioactivity, Krypton, Argon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), radioactivity, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics, Experiment (hep-ex), Argon, Distillation
Abstract: A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of (360±60)ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fit to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550 days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove 37Ar after its injection for a low energy calibration in XENON1T. This makes the usage of 37Ar as a regular calibration source possible in the future. The online distillation can be applied to next-generation LXe TPC experiments to remove krypton prior to, or during, any science run. The model developed here allows further optimization of the distillation strategy for future large scale detectors.
Published: 2022

33. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Antón Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Gangi, P. Di, Pede, S. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Stefano, R. Di, Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Laubenstein, M., Nisi, S., IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E, Abe, K, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J R, Antochi, V C, Antón Martin, D, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, Baxter, A L, Bellagamba, L, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, Cardoso, J M R, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Colijn, A P, Conrad, J, Cuenca-García, J J, Cussonneau, J P, D'Andrea, V, Decowski, M P, Gangi, P Di, Pede, S Di, Giovanni, A Di, Stefano, R Di, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, Ferella, A D, Fischer, H, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hiraide, K, Hoetzsch, L, Howlett, J, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, Lang, R F, Levinson, L, Li, I, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Lombardi, F, Long, J, Lopes, J A M, Ma, Y, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, Marrodán Undagoitia, T, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Moriyama, S, Morå, K, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Palacio, J, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pierre, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Qi, J, Qin, J, Ramírez García, D, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Sanchez, L, Dos Santos, J M F, Sartorelli, G, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, Schulze Eißing, H, Schumann, M, Lavina, L Scotto, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, Tan, P L, Terliuk, A, Therreau, C, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, Tönnies, F, Valerius, K, Volta, G, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Westermann, J, Wittweg, C, Wolf, T, Xu, Z, Yamashita, M, Yang, L, Ye, J, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhu, T, Zopounidis, J P, Laubenstein, M, and Nisi, S
Subjects: Radioactivity, Xenon1T, Spectrometry, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Radioactivity, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Spectrometry, Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Xenon1T, ddc:530, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background ($$\sim $$ ∼ 17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 ($$^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$$ - 0.7 + 0.5 ) $$\upmu $$ μ Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.
Published: 2021

34. XENON1T dark matter data analysis: Signal and background models and statistical inference

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Andrea Gallo Rosso, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopez Fune, E., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodan Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Mora, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., Ramirez Garcia, D., Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Sarcevic, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), XENON, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., López Fune, E., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aprile E., Aalbers J., Agostini F., Alfonsi M., Althueser L., Amaro F.D., Antochi V.C., Arneodo F., Baudis L., Bauermeister B., Benabderrahmane M.L., Berger T., Breur P.A., Brown A., Brown E., Bruenner S., Bruno G., Budnik R., Capelli C., Cardoso J.M.R., Cichon D., Coderre D., Colijn A.P., Conrad J., Cussonneau J.P., Decowski M.P., De Perio P., Di Gangi P., Di Giovanni A., Diglio S., Elykov A., Eurin G., Fei J., Ferella A.D., Fieguth A., Fulgione W., Gallo Rosso A., Galloway M., Gao F., Garbini M., Grandi L., Greene Z., Hasterok C., Hogenbirk E., Howlett J., Iacovacci M., Itay R., Joerg F., Kazama S., Kish A., Koltman G., Kopec A., Landsman H., Lang R.F., Levinson L., Lin Q., Lindemann S., Lindner M., Lombardi F., Lopes J.A.M., Lopez Fune E., Macolino C., Mahlstedt J., Manfredini A., Marignetti F., Marrodan Undagoitia T., Masbou J., Masson D., Mastroianni S., Messina M., Micheneau K., Miller K., Molinario A., Mora K., Mosbacher Y., Murra M., Naganoma J., Ni K., Oberlack U., Odgers K., Pelssers B., Peres R., Piastra F., Pienaar J., Pizzella V., Plante G., Podviianiuk R., Qiu H., Ramirez Garcia D., Reichard S., Riedel B., Rizzo A., Rocchetti A., Rupp N., Dos Santos J.M.F., Sartorelli G., Sarcevic N., Scheibelhut M., Schindler S., Schreiner J., Schulte D., Schumann M., Scotto Lavina L., Selvi M., Shagin P., Shockley E., Silva M., Simgen H., Therreau C., Thers D., Toschi F., Trinchero G., Tunnell C., Upole N., Vargas M., Wack O., Wang H., Wang Z., Wei Y., Weinheimer C., Wenz D., Wittweg C., Wulf J., Ye J., Zhang Y., Zhu T., Zopounidis J.P., Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: xenon: target, data analysis method, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, background: model, WIMP: mass, chemistry.chemical_element, WIMP nucleon: elastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Signal, High Energy Physics - Experiment, XENON, Xenon, WIMP, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Particle Physics Experiments, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Physics, xenon: liquid, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, time projection chamber, Computational physics, chemistry, statistics, Dark Matter Xenon Signal and background Statistical Inference
Abstract: International audience; The XENON1T experiment searches for dark matter particles through their scattering off xenon atoms in a 2 metric ton liquid xenon target. The detector is a dual-phase time projection chamber, which measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization signals produced by interactions in target volume, to reconstruct energy and position, as well as the type of the interaction. The background rate in the central volume of XENON1T detector is the lowest achieved so far with a liquid xenon-based direct detection experiment. In this work we describe the response model of the detector, the background and signal models, and the statistical inference procedures used in the dark matter searches with a 1 metric ton×year exposure of XENON1T data, that leads to the best limit to date on WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c2.
Published: 2019

35. Intrinsic backgrounds from Rn and Kr in the XENON100 experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Marrodán&nbsp, Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piro, M. -C., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Priel, N., Ramírez&nbsp, García, D., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. Von, Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Intelligent Sensory Information Systems (IVI, FNWI), IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piro, M.-C., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Priel, N., Ramírez García, D., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. Von, Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées ( SUBATECH ), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: data analysis method, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), WIMP, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, lcsh:Astrophysics, Radon, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Nuclear physics, radon: nuclide, XENON, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Engineering (miscellaneous), nuclide, background: radioactivity, background: suppression, krypton, Physics, Radionuclide, Physique, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Krypton, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Alpha particle, Astronomie, Dark Matter direct search experiment, respiratory tract diseases, Radon Daughters, Background, chemistry, lcsh:QC770-798, TPC, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: In this paper, we describe the XENON100 data analyses used to assess the target-intrinsic background sources radon ([InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.]), thoron ([InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.]) and krypton ([InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.]). We detail the event selections of high-energy alpha particles and decay-specific delayed coincidences. We derive distributions of the individual radionuclides inside the detector and quantify their abundances during the main three science runs of the experiment over a period of ∼4years, from January 2010 to January 2014. We compare our results to external measurements of radon emanation and krypton concentrations where we find good agreement. We report an observed reduction in concentrations of radon daughters that we attribute to the plating-out of charged ions on the negatively biased cathode., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

36. Signal Yields of keV Electronic Recoils and Their Discrimination from Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., di Gangi, P., di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morâ, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Piro, M. -C., Plante, G., Priel, N., Ramírez García, D., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M. V., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., TRINCHERO, GIAN CARLO, Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Xenon Collaboration, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), IvI Research (FNWI), Intelligent Sensory Information Systems (IVI, FNWI), IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées ( SUBATECH ), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F.D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M.L., Berger, T., Breur, P.A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J.M.R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A.P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J.P., Decowski, M.P., De Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A.D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L.W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R.F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J.A.M., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Massoli, F.V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Piro, M.-C., Plante, G., Priel, N., Ramírez García, D., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rupp, N., Saldanha, R., Dos Santos, J.M.F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, M.V., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Field (physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Monte Carlo: Markov chain, Nuclear physics, Electronic recoil, Nuclear recoil, WIMP, liquid Xenon, Dark Matter, XENON, Recoil, Xenon, tritium: semileptonic decay, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], nucleus: recoil, Physics, xenon: liquid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, electric field: field strength, fluctuation, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), recombination, chemistry, efficiency, Beta (plasma physics), Tritium, photon: yield, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear medicine, business, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo
Abstract: International audience; We report on the response of liquid xenon to low energy electronic recoils below 15 keV from beta decays of tritium at drift fields of 92 V/cm, 154 V/cm and 366 V/cm using the XENON100 detector. A data-to-simulation fitting method based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo is used to extract the photon yields and recombination fluctuations from the experimental data. The photon yields measured at the two lower fields are in agreement with those from literature; additional measurements at a higher field of 366 V/cm are presented. The electronic and nuclear recoil discrimination as well as its dependence on the drift field and photon detection efficiency are investigated at these low energies. The results provide new measurements in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches using liquid xenon.

37. Low-energy Calibration of XENON1T with an Internal $^{37}$Ar Source

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Anton, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Adam Brown, Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrodan Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Mora, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Muller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L, Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tonnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Geppert, C., and Riemer, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $^{37}$Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (32.3$\pm$0.3) photons/keV and (40.6$\pm$0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (68.0$^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$) electrons/keV. The $^{37}$Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83$\pm$0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that $^{37}$Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.

38. The Triggerless Data Acquisition System of the XENONnT Experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Matteo Guida, Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rocchetti, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L, Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., and HEP, INSPIRE
Subjects: photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], data acquisition, WIMP, tube, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), calibration, programming, time projection chamber, High Energy Physics - Experiment, monitoring, XENON, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), quality, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], muon, hardware, readout, liquid, constituent, on-line
Abstract: The XENONnT detector uses the latest and largest liquid xenon-based timeprojection chamber (TPC) operated by the XENON Collaboration, aimed atdetecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and conducting other rare eventsearches. The XENONnT data acquisition (DAQ) system constitutes an upgraded andexpanded version of the XENON1T DAQ system. For its operation, it reliespredominantly on commercially available hardware accompanied by open-source andcustom-developed software. The three constituent subsystems of the XENONnTdetector, the TPC (main detector), muon veto, and the newly introduced neutronveto, are integrated into a single DAQ, and can be operated both independentlyand as a unified system. In total, the DAQ digitizes the signals of 698photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), of which 253 from the top PMT array of the TPCare digitized twice, at $\times10$ and $\times0.5$ gain. The DAQ for the mostpart is a triggerless system, reading out and storing every signal that exceedsthe digitization thresholds. Custom-developed software is used to process theacquired data, making it available within $\mathcal{O}\left(10\text{ s}\right)$for live data quality monitoring and online analyses. The entire system withall the three subsystems was successfully commissioned and has been operatingcontinuously, comfortably withstanding readout rates that exceed $\sim500$ MB/sduring calibration. Livetime during normal operation exceeds $99\%$ and is$\sim90\%$ during most high-rate calibrations. The combined DAQ system hascollected more than 2 PB of both calibration and science data during thecommissioning of XENONnT and the first science run.

39. Search for Light Dark Matter Interactions Enhanced by the Migdal Effect or Bremsstrahlung in XENON1T

Author: A. Depoian, T. Berger, J. Qin, M. Selvi, T. Zhu, F. D. Amaro, H. Landsman, Guillaume Plante, N. Rupp, M. Iacovacci, Qing Lin, Boris Bauermeister, A. Kopec, N. Upole, D. Cichon, D. Wenz, R. F. Lang, R. Peres, B. Riedel, N. Šarčević, Shingo Kazama, W. Fulgione, P. Di Gangi, K. Morå, M. Messina, P. A. Breur, M. Manenti, J. Ye, Kaixuan Ni, F. Joerg, L. Althueser, A. Elykov, R. Podviianiuk, M. Murra, Elena Aprile, S. Schindler, C. Capelli, Yanxi Zhang, M. Alfonsi, C. Therreau, F. Arneodo, Gian Carlo Trinchero, D. Schulte, Jan Conrad, C. Hasterok, April S. Brown, R. Itay, E. Angelino, Ran Budnik, Uwe Oberlack, F. Toschi, Fabrizio Marignetti, J. Fei, F. Lombardi, D. Ramírez García, Yuehuan Wei, V. Pizzella, M. Garbini, L. Bellagamba, Y. Mosbacher, Giacomo Bruno, A. Di Giovanni, C. Macolino, Jörn Mahlstedt, J. Naganoma, J. P. Zopounidis, Michelle Galloway, J. Howlett, M. L. Benabderrahmane, S. Reichard, O. Wack, Ethan Brown, Marc Schumann, H. Qiu, C. Hils, A. Manfredini, L. Levinson, J. Schreiner, K. Odgers, S. Bruenner, J. Wulf, J. Palacio, Julien Masbou, H. Simgen, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, J. Pienaar, M. Kobayashi, G. Eurin, K. Micheneau, E. Shockley, Jelle Aalbers, Gabriella Sartorelli, L. Scotto Lavina, Auke-Pieter Colijn, Kate C. Miller, A. D. Ferella, Hongwei Wang, Ch. Weinheimer, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Kish, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Vargas, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, A. Rocchetti, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Bart Pelssers, C. Tunnell, C. Wittweg, A. Fieguth, D. Coderre, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, A. Molinario, M. Scheibelhut, D. Barge, G. Volta, E. Hogenbirk, V. C. Antochi, P. Shagin, Laura Baudis, Dominique Thers, P. Gaemers, Z. Greene, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Agostini, Sebastian Lindemann, E. López Fune, S. Mastroianni, Sara Diglio, João Cardoso, F. Gao, P. de Perio, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., López Fune, E., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manenti, M., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qin, J., Qiu, H., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), IoP (FNWI), Aprile E., Aalbers J., Agostini F., Alfonsi M., Althueser L., Amaro F.D., Antochi V.C., Angelino E., Arneodo F., Barge D., Baudis L., Bauermeister B., Bellagamba L., Benabderrahmane M.L., Berger T., Breur P.A., Brown A., Brown E., Bruenner S., Bruno G., Budnik R., Capelli C., Cardoso J.M.R., Cichon D., Coderre D., Colijn A.P., Conrad J., Cussonneau J.P., Decowski M.P., De Perio P., Depoian A., Di Gangi P., Di Giovanni A., Diglio S., Elykov A., Eurin G., Fei J., Ferella A.D., Fieguth A., Fulgione W., Gaemers P., Gallo Rosso A., Galloway M., Gao F., Garbini M., Grandi L., Greene Z., Hasterok C., Hils C., Hogenbirk E., Howlett J., Iacovacci M., Itay R., Joerg F., Kazama S., Kish A., Kobayashi M., Koltman G., Kopec A., Landsman H., Lang R.F., Levinson L., Lin Q., Lindemann S., Lindner M., Lombardi F., Lopes J.A.M., Lopez Fune E., MacOlino C., Mahlstedt J., Manenti M., Manfredini A., Marignetti F., Marrodan Undagoitia T., Masbou J., Mastroianni S., Messina M., Micheneau K., Miller K., Molinario A., Mora K., Mosbacher Y., Murra M., Naganoma J., Ni K., Oberlack U., Odgers K., Palacio J., Pelssers B., Peres R., Pienaar J., Pizzella V., Plante G., Podviianiuk R., Qin J., Qiu H., Ramirez Garcia D., Reichard S., Riedel B., Rocchetti A., Rupp N., Dos Santos J.M.F., Sartorelli G., Sarcevic N., Scheibelhut M., Schindler S., Schreiner J., Schulte D., Schumann M., Scotto Lavina L., Selvi M., Shagin P., Shockley E., Silva M., Simgen H., Therreau C., Thers D., Toschi F., Trinchero G., Tunnell C., Upole N., Vargas M., Volta G., Wack O., Wang H., Wei Y., Weinheimer C., Wenz D., Wittweg C., Wulf J., Ye J., Zhang Y., Zhu T., and Zopounidis J.P.
Subjects: xenon: target, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, dark matter: interaction, elastic scattering, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Ionization, excited state, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment, Light dark matter, Elastic scattering, Physics, xenon: liquid, atom, momentum transfer, Momentum transfer, Bremsstrahlung, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), photon: bremsstrahlung, S030DN5, Weakly interacting massive particles, Excited state, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, Light Dark Matter Direct search Liquid Xenon TPC, FOS: Physical sciences, S030DI5, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear physics, Particle dark matter, recoil, ionization, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, scintillation counter, S030DP5, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, down: mass, sensitivity, Dark matter, Particle dark matter, Weakly interacting massive particles, Automatic Keywords, chemistry, Elementary Particles and Fields, bremsstrahlung: emission, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Direct dark matter detection experiments based on a liquid xenon target are leading the search for dark matter particles with masses above ∼5 GeV/c2, but have limited sensitivity to lighter masses because of the small momentum transfer in dark matter-nucleus elastic scattering. However, there is an irreducible contribution from inelastic processes accompanying the elastic scattering, which leads to the excitation and ionization of the recoiling atom (the Migdal effect) or the emission of a bremsstrahlung photon. In this Letter, we report on a probe of low-mass dark matter with masses down to about 85 MeV/c2 by looking for electronic recoils induced by the Migdal effect and bremsstrahlung using data from the XENON1T experiment. Besides the approach of detecting both scintillation and ionization signals, we exploit an approach that uses ionization signals only, which allows for a lower detection threshold. This analysis significantly enhances the sensitivity of XENON1T to light dark matter previously beyond its reach.
Published: 2019

40. The XENON1T Data Acquisition System

Author: E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F.D. Amaro, V.C. Antochi, F. Arneodo, D. Barge, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, L. Bellagamba, M.L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, L. Bütikofer, C. Capelli, J.M.R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, D. Coderre, A.P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J.P. Cussonneau, M.P. Decowski, P. de Perio, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, G. Eurin, J. Fei, A.D. Ferella, A. Fieguth, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, M. Garbini, L. Grandi, Z. Greene, C. Hasterok, E. Hogenbirk, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, R. Itay, F. Joerg, S. Kazama, A. Kish, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R.F. Lang, L. Levinson, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J.A.M. Lopes, E. López Fune, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. Masbou, D. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Micheneau, K. Miller, A. Molinario, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, K. Odgers, B. Pelssers, R. Peres, F. Piastra, J. Pienaar, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, R. Podviianiuk, H. Qiu, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, B. Riedel, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, J.M.F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, N. Šarčević, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, C. Therreau, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C.D. Tunnell, N. Upole, M. Vargas, G. Volta, O. Wack, H. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, J. Wulf, J. Ye, Y. Zhang, T. Zhu, J.P. Zopounidis, for the XENON collaboration, M. Pieracci, C. Tintori, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), XENON, Aprile E., Aalbers J., Agostini F., Alfonsi M., Althueser L., Amaro F.D., Antochi V.C., Arneodo F., Barge D., Baudis L., Bauermeister B., Bellagamba L., Benabderrahmane M.L., Berger T., Breur P.A., Brown A., Brown E., Bruenner S., Bruno G., Budnik R., Butikofer L., Capelli C., Cardoso J.M.R., Cichon D., Coderre D., Colijn A.P., Conrad J., Cussonneau J.P., Decowski M.P., De Perio P., Gangi P.D., Giovanni A.D., Diglio S., Elykov A., Eurin G., Fei J., Ferella A.D., Fieguth A., Fulgione W., Gaemers P., Rosso A.G., Galloway M., Gao F., Garbini M., Grandi L., Greene Z., Hasterok C., Hogenbirk E., Howlett J., Iacovacci M., Itay R., Joerg F., Kazama S., Kish A., Kobayashi M., Koltman G., Kopec A., Landsman H., Lang R.F., Levinson L., Lin Q., Lindemann S., Lindner M., Lombardi F., Lopes J.A.M., Fune E.L., MacOlino C., Mahlstedt J., Manfredini A., Marignetti F., Undagoitia T.M., Masbou J., Masson D., Mastroianni S., Messina M., Micheneau K., Miller K., Molinario A., Mora K., Mosbacher Y., Murra M., Naganoma J., Ni K., Oberlack U., Odgers K., Pelssers B., Peres R., Piastra F., Pienaar J., Pizzella V., Plante G., Podviianiuk R., Qiu H., Garcia D.R., Reichard S., Riedel B., Rocchetti A., Rupp N., Santos J.M.F.D., Sartorelli G., Sarcevic N., Scheibelhut M., Schindler S., Schreiner J., Schulte D., Schumann M., Lavina L.S., Selvi M., Shagin P., Shockley E., Silva M., Simgen H., Therreau C., Thers D., Toschi F., Trinchero G., Tunnell C.D., Upole N., Vargas M., Volta G., Wack O., Wang H., Wei Y., Weinheimer C., Wenz D., Wittweg C., Wulf J., Ye J., Zhang Y., Zhu T., Zopounidis J.P., Collaboration F.T.X., Pieracci M., Tintori C., XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), IoP (FNWI), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Butikofer, L., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., De Perio, P., Gangi, P. D., Giovanni, A. D., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Rosso, A. G., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. L., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. M., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Mora, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., Garcia, D. R., Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. D., Sartorelli, G., Sarcevic, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. S., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Collaboration, F. T. X., Pieracci, M., and Tintori, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Data acquisition, Software, Front-end electronics for detector readout, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Data acquisition concept, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Control and monitor systems online, Detector, Bandwidth (signal processing), Data acquisition concepts, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Trigger concepts and systems (hardware and software), business, Energy (signal processing), Computer hardware
Abstract: The XENON1T liquid xenon time projection chamber is the most sensitive detector built to date for the measurement of direct interactions of weakly interacting massive particles with normal matter. The data acquisition system (DAQ) is constructed from commercial, open source, and custom components to digitize signals from the detector and store them for later analysis. The system achieves an extremely low signal threshold below a tenth of a photoelectron using a parallelized readout with the global trigger deferred to a later, software stage. The event identification is based on MongoDB database queries and has over 97% efficiency at recognizing interactions at the analysis energy threshold. A readout bandwidth over 300 MB/s is reached in calibration modes and is further expandable via parallelization. This DAQ system was successfully used during three years of operation of XENON1T., 14 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JINST; Version 2 with minor updates to text
Published: 2019

41. $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment

Author: Atsushi Takeda, Lorenzo Bellagamba, G. Eurin, J. Howlett, Shingo Kazama, M. Garbini, M. Messina, F. Joerg, H. Qiu, Jan Conrad, F. Semeria, Gabriella Sartorelli, Michelle Galloway, E. Shockley, A. Kopec, Qing Lin, L. Levinson, J.M.F. dos Santos, D. Masson, João Cardoso, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, F. Agostini, Miguel Silva, W. Fulgione, J. Ye, F. Gao, L. Grandi, Yuehuan Wei, J. P. Zopounidis, D. Cichon, E. López Fune, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, G. Koltman, S. Mastroianni, K. Morå, N. Rupp, Abbe Brown, F. Arneodo, M. Murra, R. Di Stefano, H. Landsman, K. Martens, Kaixuan Ni, Bart Pelssers, D. Wenz, M. Vargas, A. Gallo Rosso, Yanxi Zhang, C. Hasterok, N. Šarčević, R. Peres, C. Macolino, P. A. Breur, Sara Diglio, A. Depoian, C. Capelli, M. Selvi, L. Hoetzsch, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, F. Lombardi, Thomas Berger, C. Tunnell, A. Elykov, Ran Budnik, Elena Aprile, K. Odgers, Uwe Oberlack, Laura Baudis, Gian Carlo Trinchero, D. Ramírez García, Julien Masbou, H. Simgen, A. Rocchetti, Stefan Lindemann, P. Gaemers, Giacomo Bruno, Marc Schumann, P. Shagin, M. Clark, Joern Mahlstedt, S. Bruenner, J. Wulf, J. A. M. Lopes, Z. Xu, J. Palacio, G. Plante, E. Angelino, J. Pienaar, M. Alfonsi, M. Kobayashi, R. Gaior, N. Kato, C. Wittweg, Jelle Aalbers, F. D. Amaro, Masaki Yamashita, Katsuki Hiraide, Yoshitaka Itow, A. Di Giovanni, Y. Mosbacher, Fabrizio Marignetti, Laura Manenti, M. Weiss, D. Coderre, R. F. Lang, Boris Bauermeister, P. Di Gangi, Guido Zavattini, A. Molinario, J. Qin, M. Scheibelhut, M. Iacovacci, C. Hils, O. Wack, T. Zhu, V. Pizzella, L. Althueser, J. Naganoma, Shigetaka Moriyama, C. Weinheimer, A. Manfredini, L. Scotto Lavina, A. D. Ferella, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Han Wang, G. Volta, E. Hogenbirk, V. C. Antochi, S. Schindler, D. Schulte, Dominique Thers, J. Westermann, S. Reichard, D. Barge, B. Cimmino, J. Schreiner, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, Auke-Pieter Colijn, F. Toschi, J. R. Angevaare, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E, Aalbers, J, Agostini, F, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Amaro, F D, Antochi, V C, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J R, Arneodo, F, Barge, D, Baudis, L, Bauermeister, B, Bellagamba, L, Benabderrahmane, M L, Berger, T, Breur, P A, Brown, A, Brown, E, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, Cardoso, J M R, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Coderre, D, Colijn, A P, Conrad, J, Cussonneau, J P, Decowski, M P, Depoian, A, Di Gangi, P, Di Giovanni, A, Di Stefano, R, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Eurin, G, Ferella, A D, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Rosso, A Gallo, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Grandi, L, Garbini, M, Hasterok, C, Hils, C, Hiraide, K, Hoetzsch, L, Hogenbirk, E, Howlett, J, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Joerg, F, Kato, N, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, Lang, R F, Levinson, L, Lin, Q, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Lombardi, F, Lopes, J A M, López Fune, E, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, Undagoitia, T Marrodán, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Molinario, A, Morå, K, Moriyama, S, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, Naganoma, J, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Odgers, K, Palacio, J, Pelssers, B, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Qin, J, Qiu, H, García, D Ramírez, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Santos, J M F Do, Sartorelli, G, Šarčević, N, Scheibelhut, M, Schindler, S, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, Schumann, M, Lavina, L Scotto, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, Therreau, C, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, Vargas, M, Volta, G, Wack, O, Wang, H, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Westermann, J, Wittweg, C, Wulf, J, Xu, Z, Yamashita, M, Ye, J, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhu, T, Zopounidis, J P, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), New York University [Abu Dhabi], and NYU System (NYU)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Radon emanation, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, NO, High Energy Physics - Experiment, radon: nuclide, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Xenon, 222 Rn, PE2_2, PE2_1, 0103 physical sciences, Activity concentration, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Dark Matter, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), background: radioactivity, Physics, radon: admixture, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, detector: surface, screening, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Xenon, Dark matter, 222 Rn, radioactivity, Dark Matter, Radon emanation, XENON, Direct Dark Matter, Direct Dark Matter, radioactivity, Atomic physics
Abstract: The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a $^{222}$Rn activity concentration of 10 $\mu$Bq/kg in 3.2 t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the $^{222}$Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate critical components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the $^{222}$Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final $^{222}$Rn activity concentration of (4.5 $\pm$ 0.1) $\mu$Bq/kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2021

42. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the XENONnT dark matter experiment

Author: K. Martens, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, N. Šarčević, A. Manfredini, G. Sartorelli, Laura Manenti, Gian Carlo Trinchero, K. Odgers, N. Kato, M. Vargas, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, A. Depoian, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, E. López Fune, A. Rocchetti, P. Shagin, C. Wittweg, J. A. M. Lopes, D. Coderre, F. Toschi, P. Di Gangi, C. Hils, M. Selvi, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, A. Molinario, M. Scheibelhut, J. Mahlstedt, G. Zavattini, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, Sara Diglio, M. Messina, L. Scotto Lavina, D. Cichon, Michelle Galloway, T. Berger, A. Kopec, Qing Lin, Kaixuan Ni, Hardy Simgen, F. Joerg, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, A. D. Ferella, J. Long, N. Rupp, Bart Pelssers, Yuehuan Wei, Marc Schumann, W. Fulgione, Elena Aprile, A. Elykov, J. Ye, C. Tunnell, D. Schulte, E. Angelino, J.M.F. dos Santos, M. Iacovacci, April S. Brown, E. Shockley, Han Wang, Keita Mizukoshi, F. Agostini, Katsuki Hiraide, R. Di Stefano, Sebastian Lindemann, Jochen Schreiner, L. Althueser, A. Di Giovanni, J. P. Zopounidis, S. Reichard, Z. Xu, H. Landsman, G. Eurin, L. Levinson, D. Ramírez García, Atsushi Takeda, D. Masson, C. Hasterok, S. Bruenner, S. Mastroianni, J. Pienaar, Yanxi Zhang, Laura Baudis, D. Wenz, R. Peres, F. Arneodo, M. Clark, Auke-Pieter Colijn, D. Barge, João Cardoso, Giacomo Bruno, F. Gao, B. Cimmino, Kathrin Valerius, J. Qin, R. Gaior, A. Mancuso, Ran Budnik, Yoshitaka Itow, Uwe Oberlack, G. Volta, Ch. Weinheimer, Jelle Aalbers, C. Macolino, L. Hoetzsch, Y. Mosbacher, V. C. Antochi, M. Weiss, Julien Masbou, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, J. R. Angevaare, J. Howlett, H. Qiu, J. Palacio, Shingo Kazama, F. Semeria, M. Alfonsi, Jan Conrad, Masanori Kobayashi, Masaki Yamashita, Fabrizio Marignetti, L. Bellagamba, P. Gaemers, F. Lombardi, V. Pizzella, J. Naganoma, Shigetaka Moriyama, M. Murra, C. Capelli, K. Morå, T. Zhu, F. D. Amaro, Guillaume Plante, Boris Bauermeister, D. Thers, R. F. Lang, IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. L., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. M., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Mora, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., Garcia, D. R., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Sarcevic, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. S., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Amaro, F.D., Antochi, V.C., Angevaare, J.R., Benabderrahmane, M.L., Cardoso, J.M.R., Colijn, A.P., Cussonneau, J.P., Decowski, M.P., Gangi, P. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Stefano, R. Di, Ferella, A.D., Lang, R.F., Lopes, J.A.M., Fune, E. López, Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Morå, K., García, D. Ramírez, Santos, J.M.F. do, Šarčević, N., Lavina, L. Scotto, and Zopounidis, J.P.
Subjects: WIMP nucleon: scattering, data analysis method, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, dark matter: direct detection, 01 natural sciences, WIMP: dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, NO, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, PE2_2, WIMP, PE2_1, electron: recoil, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, PE2_4, Dark matter experiment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, activity report, nucleus: recoil, Physics, xenon: liquid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Dark matter experiments, dark matter simulations, sensitivity, Baryon, Dark matter experiments, Dark matter simulations, Weakly interacting massive particles, Nucleon, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: XENONnT is a dark matter direct detection experiment, utilizing 5.9 t of instrumented liquid xenon, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we predict the experimental background and project the sensitivity of XENONnT to the detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The expected average differential background rate in the energy region of interest, corresponding to (1, 13) keV and (4, 50) keV for electronic and nuclear recoils, amounts to 12.3 ± 0.6 (keV t y)-1 and (2.2± 0.5)× 10−3 (keV t y)-1, respectively, in a 4 t fiducial mass. We compute unified confidence intervals using the profile construction method, in order to ensure proper coverage. With the exposure goal of 20 t y, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions reaches a cross-section of 1.4×10−48 cm2 for a 50 GeV/c2 mass WIMP at 90% confidence level, more than one order of magnitude beyond the current best limit, set by XENON1T . In addition, we show that for a 50 GeV/c2 WIMP with cross-sections above 2.6×10−48 cm2 (5.0×10−48 cm2) the median XENONnT discovery significance exceeds 3σ (5σ). The expected sensitivity to the spin-dependent WIMP coupling to neutrons (protons) reaches 2.2×10−43 cm2 (6.0×10−42 cm2).
Published: 2020

43. Sensitivity of the DARWIN observatory to the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{136}$$Xe

Author: L. Grandi, A. Manfredini, J. Dierle, R. Peres, M. Clark, Auke-Pieter Colijn, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, P. Di Gangi, Ran Budnik, S. Milutinovic, L. Scotto Lavina, Ferenc Glück, C. Wittweg, Lawrence M. Krauss, A. D. Ferella, Y. Biondi, G. Khundzakishvili, M. Murra, J. Pienaar, C. Capelli, J.M.F. dos Santos, Guido Drexlin, F. Agostini, Marc Schumann, R. F. Lang, Kathrin Valerius, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, João Cardoso, A. Molinario, N. Rupp, S. E. M. Ahmed Maouloud, Ch. Weinheimer, M. Pierre, M. Steidl, D. Cichon, Miguel Silva, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Kai Zuber, F. Gao, K. Eitel, J. A. M. Lopes, P. Meinhardt, A. Depoian, R. Gumbsheimer, Biljana Antunović, M. P. Decowski, Laura Baudis, J. Qin, C. Therreau, Roberto Trotta, V. Pizzella, Manfred Lindner, Gabriella Sartorelli, D. Ramírez García, C. Tunnell, R. Größle, J. P. Zopounidis, M. Selvi, A. Terliuk, F. Jörg, Mila Pandurovic, P. A. Breur, A. Bismark, H. Landsman, A. Kopec, K. Thieme, Elena Aprile, F. D. Amaro, C. Macolino, L. Althueser, Eef Masson, Michelle Galloway, A. Di Giovanni, Stefan Lindemann, Sara Diglio, F. Girard, D. Vorkapic, Abbe Brown, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Schulte, C.M.B. Monteiro, Uwe Oberlack, H. Fischer, A. Loya Villalpando, D. Baur, Giacomo Bruno, J. J. Cuenca-García, G. Volta, S. Reichard, D. Thers, Joachim Wolf, Fabian Kuger, Julien Masbou, H. Simgen, Ralph Engel, University of Bologna, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Columbia University [New York], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion (CERAG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DARWIN, DARWIN Collaboration, Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Gangi, P. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Diglio, S., Santos, J. M. F. do, Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Girard, F., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Jörg, F., Khundzakishvili, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Krauss, L. M., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Macolino, C., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, E., Meinhardt, P., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Murra, M., Oberlack, U. G., Pandurovic, M., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., and XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), Double beta decay, Neutrino-less, Liquid Xenon, Sensitivity, Dark Matter search, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Isotopes of xenon, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, Sensitivity (control systems), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, activity report, Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), dark matter: detector, sensitivity, time projection chamber, chemistry, xenon: nuclide, proposed experiment, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Energy (signal processing), Radioactive decay
Abstract: The DARWIN observatory is a proposed next-generation experiment to search for particle dark matter and for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. Out of its 50$\,$t total natural xenon inventory, 40$\,$t will be the active target of a time projection chamber which thus contains about 3.6 t of $^{136}$Xe. Here, we show that its projected half-life sensitivity is $2.4\times10^{27}\,$yr, using a fiducial volume of 5t of natural xenon and 10$\,$yr of operation with a background rate of less than 0.2$~$events/(t$\cdot$yr) in the energy region of interest. This sensitivity is based on a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of the background and event topologies in the large, homogeneous target. DARWIN will be comparable in its science reach to dedicated double beta decay experiments using xenon enriched in $^{136}$Xe., 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2020

44. Solar neutrino detection sensitivity in DARWIN via electron scattering

Author: J. J. Cuenca-García, G. Volta, C. Hils, M. L. Benabderrahmane, M. P. Decowski, Ethan Brown, V. C. Antochi, Manfred Lindner, G. Iaquaniello, J. Mahlstedt, Yuehuan Wei, Michelle Galloway, A. Manfredini, Joachim Wolf, H. Schulze Eißing, S. Stern, D. Giovagnoli, M. Kleifges, K. Thieme, P. Di Gangi, S. Brünner, D. Douillet, T. Zhu, F. D. Amaro, Guillaume Plante, G. Khundzakishvili, Ch. Bourgeois, L. Scotto Lavina, Ferenc Glück, Kaixuan Ni, J. Pienaar, F. Toennies, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, C. Therreau, W. Shen, K. Eitel, Jelle Aalbers, D. Wenz, Bojan Milosevic, G. Koltmann, M. Clark, J. Howlett, A. Terliuk, Roberto Trotta, S. Milutinovic, P. Sanchez-Lucas, Sara Diglio, M. Balzer, Ch. Weinheimer, P. A. Breur, K. Odgers, R. Meyer, A. Depoian, F. Girard, M. Murra, Amos Breskin, H. Fischer, G. Sartorelli, Julien Masbou, I. Ostrovskiy, M. Selvi, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, P. Meinhardt, Biljana Antunović, J. Kellerer, Laura Baudis, Michael Wurm, L. Grandi, D. Baur, T. K. Kleiner, H. Landsman, A. Bismark, D. Ramírez García, L. Althueser, P. Gaemers, A. Kopec, A. Molinario, Y. Zhu, A. Loya Villalpando, M. Keller, Y. Mosbacher, Y. Ma, Mila Pandurovic, Andreas Kopmann, Ralph Engel, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Guido Drexlin, Kai Zuber, P. Szabo, Bart Pelssers, J. Qin, Y. Biondi, J.M.F. dos Santos, D. Masson, N. Rupp, F. Kuger, Giacomo Bruno, P. Shagin, J. A. M. Lopes, F. Agostini, Uwe Oberlack, L. LaCascio, C. Tunnell, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, Bernhard Holzapfel, Y. Xing, R. Größle, Sebastian Lindemann, J. Palacio, C. Wittweg, S. Wuestling, D. Vorkapic, M. Obradovic, Benjamin Kilminster, J. R. Angevaare, D. Schulte, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, Steffen Grohmann, Marc Weber, J. Qi, W. Fulgione, Eef Masson, J. P. Zopounidis, C.M.B. Monteiro, Jan Conrad, A. Di Giovanni, S. Reichard, R. Glade-Beucke, Lawrence M. Krauss, M. Weiss, M. Steidl, D. Cichon, D. Thers, J. Dierle, S. Sharma, Elena Aprile, João Cardoso, M. Pierre, R. F. Lang, R. Gumbsheimer, F. Gao, April S. Brown, N. McFadden, H-C. Schultz-Coulon, E. Erdal, F. Arneodo, C. Macolino, F. Lombardi, V. Pizzella, Volker Hannen, Peter Fischer, F. Jörg, C. Capelli, K. Morå, R. Budnik, M. Alfonsi, Kathrin Valerius, S. E. M. Ahmed Maouloud, E. Morteau, Lior Arazi, Marc Schumann, R. Peres, D. Subotic, A. P. Colijn, Jayden L. Newstead, Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Gangi, P. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. C., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Columbia University [New York], Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), DARWIN, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), and DARWIN Collaboration
Subjects: electron, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), neutrino: solar, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, elastic scattering, Elementary particle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, neutrino: flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, XENON, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], physics.ins-det, Physics, xenon: liquid, Weinberg angle, double-beta decay, hep-ph, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Massless particle, observatory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, neutrino: detector, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Neutrino detector, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, ddc:620, Neutrino, model: solar, astro-ph.SR, boron: nuclide, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Nuclear physics, oxygen: nuclide, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Double beta decay, nitrogen: nuclide, neutrino nucleus: elastic scattering, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, electron: recoil: energy, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, 0206 Quantum Physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Engineering & allied operations, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, beryllium: nuclide, sensitivity, Neutrino, Sun, Dark Matter, Direct Detection, Xenon, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Lepton
Abstract: We detail the sensitivity of the liquid xenon (LXe) DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: $pp$, $^7$Be, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$. The precision of the $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$ components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of $pp$ neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the weak mixing angle, $\sin^2\theta_w$, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, $P_e$, in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, at an exposure of 300 ty. An observation of $pp$ and $^7$Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high (GS98) and low metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1-2.5$\sigma$ significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of $^8$B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of $^{131}$Xe., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; for associated data files, see https://github.com/Physik-Institut-UZH/DARWIN-Sensitivity-Studies/tree/master/solar_neutrinos_electron_scattering
Published: 2020

45. The XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment

Author: E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, F. D. Amaro, M. Anthony, B. Antunes, F. Arneodo, M. Balata, P. Barrow, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, M. L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, A. Breskin, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, L. Bütikofer, J. Calvén, J. M. R. Cardoso, M. Cervantes, A. Chiarini, D. Cichon, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, R. Corrieri, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, P. de Perio, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, S. Diglio, J.-M. Disdier, M. Doets, E. Duchovni, G. Eurin, J. Fei, A. D. Ferella, A. Fieguth, D. Franco, D. Front, W. Fulgione, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, M. Garbini, C. Geis, K.-L. Giboni, L. W. Goetzke, L. Grandi, Z. Greene, C. Grignon, C. Hasterok, E. Hogenbirk, C. Huhmann, R. Itay, A. James, B. Kaminsky, S. Kazama, G. Kessler, A. Kish, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, D. Lellouch, L. Levinson, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, R. Maier, A. Manfredini, I. Maris, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. Masbou, F. V. Massoli, D. Masson, D. Mayani, M. Messina, K. Micheneau, A. Molinario, K. Morå, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, D. Orlandi, R. Othegraven, P. Pakarha, S. Parlati, B. Pelssers, R. Persiani, F. Piastra, J. Pienaar, V. Pizzella, M.-C. Piro, G. Plante, N. Priel, D. Ramírez García, L. Rauch, S. Reichard, C. Reuter, A. Rizzo, S. Rosendahl, N. Rupp, J. M. F. dos Santos, R. Saldanha, G. Sartorelli, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, M. v. Sivers, M. Stern, A. Stein, D. Tatananni, L. Tatananni, D. Thers, A. Tiseni, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, N. Upole, M. Vargas, O. Wack, R. Walet, H. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, C. Wittweg, J. Wulf, J. Ye, Y. Zhang, XENON Collaboration, XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées ( SUBATECH ), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), XENON, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F.D., Anthony, M., Antunes, B., Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M.L., Berger, T., Breskin, A., Breur, P.A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Calvén, J., Cardoso, J.M.R., Cervantes, M., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A.P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cussonneau, J.P., Decowski, M.P., de Perio, P., Gangi, P. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Diglio, S., Disdier, J.-M., Doets, M., Duchovni, E., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A.D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Giboni, K.-L., Goetzke, L.W., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Huhmann, C., Itay, R., James, A., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R.F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J.A.M., Maier, R., Manfredini, A., Maris, I., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F.V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Pakarha, P., Parlati, S., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Piro, M.-C., Plante, G., Priel, N., García, D. Ramírez, Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Santos, J.M.Fdos., Saldanha, R., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Sivers, Mv., Stern, M., Stein, A., Tatananni, D., Tatananni, L., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Walet, R., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: xenon: target, Photomultiplier, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), WIMP, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Xenon, background: low, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Dark Matter, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysique, Physics, Scintillation, xenon: liquid, Time projection chamber, photomultiplier, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), dark matter: detector, time projection chamber, chemistry, lcsh:QC770-798, TPC, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], performance, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) is the first WIMP dark matter detector operating with a liquid xenon target mass above the ton-scale. Out of its 3.2 t liquid xenon inventory, 2.0 t constitute the active target of the dual-phase time projection chamber. The scintillation and ionization signals from particle interactions are detected with low-background photomultipliers. This article describes the XENON1T instrument and its subsystems as well as strategies to achieve an unprecedented low background level. First results on the detector response and the performance of the subsystems are also presented. © 2017, The Author(s)., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2017

46. XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection

Author: M. Selvi, Yuehuan Wei, Julien Masbou, H. Simgen, J. Howlett, G. Eurin, A. Kopec, F. Arneodo, Qing Lin, H. Qiu, M. Vargas, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, C. Macolino, N. Rupp, J. Mahlstedt, O. Wack, P. de Perio, H. Landsman, Zirui Wang, W. Fulgione, T. Berger, A. Manfredini, Marc Schumann, F. Piastra, A. Rizzo, P. Di Gangi, J. Ye, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, S. Mastroianni, J. P. Zopounidis, K. Morå, L. Levinson, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Kaixuan Ni, N. Šarčević, P. A. Breur, Auke-Pieter Colijn, Bart Pelssers, F. Lombardi, Fabrizio Marignetti, J. Fei, Yanxi Zhang, C. Therreau, A. Elykov, Gian Carlo Trinchero, L. Bellagamba, L. Scotto Lavina, V. Pizzella, A. Gallo Rosso, Shingo Kazama, A. Di Giovanni, D. Ramírez García, J. A. M. Lopes, C. Tunnell, A. Kish, D. Masson, A. D. Ferella, Hongwei Wang, Gabriella Sartorelli, F. Toschi, C. Wittweg, Jan Conrad, J. Pienaar, B. Riedel, S. Bruenner, J. Wulf, A. Fieguth, D. Coderre, M. Alfonsi, K. Micheneau, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, João Cardoso, A. Molinario, F. Gao, K. Odgers, S. Schindler, M. Scheibelhut, D. Schulte, Jelle Aalbers, J. Naganoma, Y. Mosbacher, Ch. Weinheimer, M. Messina, F. Joerg, A. Rocchetti, Uwe Oberlack, D. Wenz, R. Peres, Michelle Galloway, E. Hogenbirk, V. C. Antochi, P. Shagin, S. Reichard, J. Schreiner, M. P. Decowski, E. Shockley, Ran Budnik, Manfred Lindner, Kate C. Miller, R. F. Lang, R. Podviianiuk, Dominique Thers, M. Garbini, M. Murra, C. Capelli, T. Zhu, F. D. Amaro, Guillaume Plante, Boris Bauermeister, April S. Brown, R. Itay, D. Cichon, Elena Aprile, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Agostini, Sebastian Lindemann, E. López Fune, Laura Baudis, Z. Greene, Sara Diglio, C. Hasterok, Giacomo Bruno, M. Iacovacci, N. Upole, L. Althueser, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, Aprile E., Aalbers J., Agostini F., Alfonsi M., Althueser L., Amaro F.D., Antochi V.C., Arneodo F., Baudis L., Bauermeister B., Bellagamba L., Benabderrahmane M.L., Berger T., Breur P.A., Brown A., Brown E., Bruenner S., Bruno G., Budnik R., Capelli C., Cardoso J.M.R., Cichon D., Coderre D., Colijn A.P., Conrad J., Cussonneau J.P., Decowski M.P., De Perio P., Di Gangi P., Di Giovanni A., Diglio S., Elykov A., Eurin G., Fei J., Ferella A.D., Fieguth A., Fulgione W., Gallo Rosso A., Galloway M., Gao F., Garbini M., Grandi L., Greene Z., Hasterok C., Hogenbirk E., Howlett J., Iacovacci M., Itay R., Joerg F., Kazama S., Kish A., Koltman G., Kopec A., Landsman H., Lang R.F., Levinson L., Lin Q., Lindemann S., Lindner M., Lombardi F., Lopes J.A.M., Lopez Fune E., Macolino C., Mahlstedt J., Manfredini A., Marignetti F., Marrodan Undagoitia T., Masbou J., Masson D., Mastroianni S., Messina M., Micheneau K., Miller K., Molinario A., Mora K., Mosbacher Y., Murra M., Naganoma J., Ni K., Oberlack U., Odgers K., Pelssers B., Peres R., Piastra F., Pienaar J., Pizzella V., Plante G., Podviianiuk R., Qiu H., Ramirez Garcia D., Reichard S., Riedel B., Rizzo A., Rocchetti A., Rupp N., Dos Santos J.M.F., Sartorelli G., Sarcevic N., Scheibelhut M., Schindler S., Schreiner J., Schulte D., Schumann M., Scotto Lavina L., Selvi M., Shagin P., Shockley E., Silva M., Simgen H., Therreau C., Thers D., Toschi F., Trinchero G., Tunnell C., Upole N., Vargas M., Wack O., Wang H., Wang Z., Wei Y., Weinheimer C., Wenz D., Wittweg C., Wulf J., Ye J., Zhang Y., Zhu T., Zopounidis J.P., Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., De Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopez Fune, E., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodan Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Mora, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Qiu, H., Ramirez Garcia, D., Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Sarcevic, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Upole, N., Vargas, M., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: xenon: target, WIMP nucleon: interaction, data analysis method, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, interaction: model, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, dark matter: direct detection, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Dark Matter, Particle Physics Experiments, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Dark Matter Direct Search Signal reconstruction calibratiuon, Physics, xenon: liquid, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Signal reconstruction, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), calibration, time projection chamber, Event selection, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, performance
Abstract: The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso is the most sensitive direct detection experiment for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting particles (WIMPs) with masses above $6\,$GeV/$c^2$ scattering off nuclei. The detector employs a dual-phase time projection chamber with 2.0 metric tons of liquid xenon in the target. A one metric $\mathrm{ton}\times\mathrm{year}$ exposure of science data was collected between October 2016 and February 2018. This article reports on the performance of the detector during this period and describes details of the data analysis that led to the most stringent exclusion limits on various WIMP-nucleon interaction models to date. In particular, signal reconstruction, event selection and calibration of the detector response to nuclear and electronic recoils in XENON1T are discussed.

47. Energy resolution and linearity of XENON1T in the MeV energy range

Author: J. Schreiner, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, C. Hasterok, E. Shockley, F. Lombardi, Giacomo Bruno, S. Schindler, D. Schulte, S. Reichard, Marc Schumann, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, V. Pizzella, T. Berger, Julien Masbou, H. Simgen, J.M.F. dos Santos, R. Gaior, Yoshitaka Itow, G. Eurin, J. Naganoma, Shigetaka Moriyama, J. Qin, F. Agostini, J. Palacio, F. Toschi, M. Alfonsi, O. Wack, Katsuki Hiraide, Sebastian Lindemann, A. Depoian, Gabriella Sartorelli, M. Selvi, K. Martens, Shingo Kazama, D. Cichon, M. Garbini, M. Messina, F. Joerg, C. Macolino, L. Hoetzsch, R. F. Lang, Atsushi Takeda, F. Semeria, A. Kopec, Masaki Yamashita, João Cardoso, T. Zhu, F. Gao, Yuehuan Wei, F. D. Amaro, M. Vargas, S. Mastroianni, Guillaume Plante, M. Iacovacci, Elena Aprile, Auke-Pieter Colijn, Boris Bauermeister, Fabrizio Marignetti, Laura Baudis, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, M. Murra, R. Di Stefano, Jan Conrad, C. Capelli, F. Arneodo, April S. Brown, P. Gaemers, J. R. Angevaare, L. Althueser, K. Morå, J. A. M. Lopes, M. L. Benabderrahmane, P. Di Gangi, L. Bellagamba, D. Wenz, Ethan Brown, Michelle Galloway, C. Hils, R. Peres, Kaixuan Ni, Ran Budnik, A. Elykov, J. Mahlstedt, G. Zavattini, N. Rupp, N. Kato, C. Wittweg, E. Angelino, L. Levinson, K. Odgers, M. Clark, D. Masson, A. Di Giovanni, D. Coderre, J. Pienaar, Ch. Weinheimer, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, G. Volta, A. Molinario, M. Scheibelhut, E. Hogenbirk, V. C. Antochi, P. Shagin, Jelle Aalbers, Sara Diglio, Dominique Thers, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, A. Manfredini, Bart Pelssers, D. Barge, B. Cimmino, E. López Fune, C. Tunnell, L. Scotto Lavina, A. D. Ferella, Hongwei Wang, J. P. Zopounidis, S. Bruenner, J. Wulf, D. Ramírez García, Y. Mosbacher, A. Gallo Rosso, A. Rocchetti, H. Landsman, Z. Xu, J. Howlett, H. Qiu, Qing Lin, W. Fulgione, J. Ye, M. Weiss Xu, Yanxi Zhang, Uwe Oberlack, N. Šarčević, P. A. Breur, Gian Carlo Trinchero, M. Kobayashi, Laura Manenti, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., López Fune, E., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wack, O., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss Xu, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wulf, J., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Rosso, A. Gallo, Fune, E. López, Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, García, D. Ramírez, Lavina, L. Scotto, Xu, M. Wei, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and XENON
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, measurement methods, energy resolution, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, dark matter, NO, energy dependence, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, XENON, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Dark Matter, Direct Detection, Xenon, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), Double beta decay, liquid xenon, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Saturation (graph theory), lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Time projection chamber, wimp, dark matter, liquid xenon, time projection chamber, direct detection, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), sensitivity, time projection chamber, Projection (relational algebra), Weakly interacting massive particles, wimp, lcsh:QC770-798, time projection chamber: xenon, direct detection, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing), Radioactive decay
Abstract: Xenon dual-phase time projection chambers designed to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles have so far shown a relative energy resolution which degrades with energy above $\sim$200 keV due to the saturation effects. This has limited their sensitivity in the search for rare events like the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at its $Q$-value, $Q_{\beta\beta}\simeq$ 2.46 MeV. For the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber, we demonstrate that the relative energy resolution at 1 $\sigma/\mu$ is as low as (0.80$\pm$0.02) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at $Q_{\beta\beta}$. We also present a new signal correction method to rectify the saturation effects of the signal readout system, resulting in more accurate position reconstruction and indirectly improving the energy resolution. The very good result achieved in XENON1T opens up new windows for the xenon dual-phase dark matter detectors to simultaneously search for other rare events., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

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