504 results on '"Angiotensin I pharmacology"'
Search Results
2. Interaction of Angiotensin-(1-7) with kinins in the kidney circulation: Role of B 1 receptors.
- Author
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Mendes EP, Ianzer D, Peruchetti DB, Santos RAS, and Vieira MAR
- Subjects
- Animals, Cricetinae, Male, Rats, Angiotensin II analogs & derivatives, CHO Cells, Cricetulus, Kallikrein-Kinin System physiology, Kallikrein-Kinin System drug effects, Kidney metabolism, Kidney drug effects, Kinins metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Renal Circulation drug effects, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Renin-Angiotensin System physiology, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin I metabolism, Bradykinin pharmacology, Bradykinin analogs & derivatives, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Receptor, Bradykinin B1 metabolism, Vascular Resistance drug effects
- Abstract
Changes in renal hemodynamics impact renal function during physiological and pathological conditions. In this context, renal vascular resistance (RVR) is regulated by components of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) and the Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS). However, the interaction between these vasoactive peptides on RVR is still poorly understood. Here, we studied the crosstalk between angiotensin-(1-7) and kinins on RVR. The right kidneys of Wistar rats were isolated and perfused in a closed-circuit system. The perfusion pressure and renal perfusate flow were continuously monitored. Ang-(1-7) (1.0-25.0 nM) caused a sustained, dose-dependent reduction of relative RVR (rRVR). This phenomenon was sensitive to 10 nM A-779, a specific Mas receptor (MasR) antagonist. Bradykinin (BK) promoted a sustained and transient reduction in rRVR at 1.25 nM and 125 nM, respectively. The transient effect was abolished by 4 μM des-Arg9-Leu8-bradykinin (DALBK), a specific kinin B
1 receptor (B1 R) antagonist. Accordingly, des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK) 1 μM (a B1 R agonist) increased rRVR. Interestingly, pre-perfusion of Ang-(1-7) changed the sustained reduction of rRVR triggered by 1.25 nM BK into a transient effect. On the other hand, pre-perfusion of Ang-(1-7) primed and potentiated the DABK response, this mechanism being sensitive to A-779 and DALBK. Binding studies performed with CHO cells stably transfected with MasR, B1 R, and kinin B2 receptor (B2 R) showed no direct interaction between Ang-(1-7) with B1 R or B2 R. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) differentially modulates kinin's effect on RVR in isolated rat kidneys. These results help to expand the current knowledge regarding the crosstalk between the RAS and KKS complex network in RVR., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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3. Central angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates hypoglycemia in sepsis-like conditions via reducing systemic and hepatic inflammation.
- Author
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Cardoso Santos G, Alves de Jesus A, Passaglia P, Novaes Morgan HJ, Carvalho Navegantes LC, Leico Kagohara Elias L, and Cárnio EC
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- Animals, Male, Rats, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation metabolism, Liver metabolism, Liver drug effects, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Hepatitis drug therapy, Hepatitis metabolism, Endotoxemia drug therapy, Cytokines metabolism, Gluconeogenesis drug effects, Blood Glucose metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Sepsis drug therapy, Sepsis metabolism, Sepsis complications, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Rats, Wistar, Hypoglycemia drug therapy, Hypoglycemia metabolism, Lipopolysaccharides
- Abstract
Sepsis is understood as the result of initiating systemic inflammation derived from an inadequate host response against pathogens. In its acute phase, sepsis is marked by an exacerbated reaction to infection, tissue damage, organ failure, and metabolic dysfunction. Among these, hypoglycemia, characterized by disorders of the gluconeogenesis pathway, is related to one of the leading causes of mortality in septic patients. Recent research has investigated the involvement of sympathetic efferent neuroimmune pathways during systemic inflammation. These pathways can be stimulated by several centrally administered drugs, including Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of central treatment with Ang-(1-7) on hypoglycemia during endotoxemia. For this, male Wistar Hannover rats underwent stereotaxic surgery for intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of Ang-(1-7) and cannulation of the jugular vein for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Our results demonstrate that LPS was capable of inducing hypoglycemia and that prior central treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuated this effect. Our data also show that Ang-(1-7) reduced plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide, in addition to the decrease and increase of hepatic IL-6 and IL-10 respectively, in animals subjected to systemic inflammation by LPS, resulting in the reduction of systemic and hepatic inflammation, thus attenuating the deleterious effects of LPS on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein content. In summary, the data suggest that central treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuates hypoglycemia induced by endotoxemia, probably through anti-inflammatory action, leading to reestablishing hepatic gluconeogenesis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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4. A single dose of angiotensin-(1-7) resolves eosinophilic inflammation and protects the lungs from a secondary inflammatory challenge.
- Author
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Magalhaes GS, Gregorio JF, Beltrami VA, Felix FB, Oliveira-Campos L, Bonilha CS, Righetti RF, Tibério IFLC, De Sousa FB, Rezende BM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Santos RA, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Rodrigues-Machado MDG, Teixeira MM, and Pinho V
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Male, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages immunology, Eosinophils drug effects, Eosinophils immunology, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Inflammation drug therapy, Eosinophilia drug therapy, Eosinophilia immunology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid immunology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology, Angiotensin I therapeutic use, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin I administration & dosage, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use, Peptide Fragments administration & dosage, Lung drug effects, Lung pathology, Lung immunology, Lipopolysaccharides, Ovalbumin immunology
- Abstract
Objective: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a pro-resolving mediator. It is not known whether the pro-resolving effects of Ang-(1-7) are sustained and protect the lung from a subsequent inflammatory challenge. This study sought to investigate the impact of treatment in face of a second allergic or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge., Methods: Mice, sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), received a single Ang-(1-7) dose at the peak of eosinophilic inflammation, 24 h after the final OVA challenge. Subsequently, mice were euthanized at 48, 72, 96, and 120 h following the OVA challenge, and cellular infiltrate, inflammatory mediators, lung histopathology, and macrophage-mediated efferocytic activity were evaluated. The secondary inflammatory stimulus (OVA or LPS) was administered 120 h after the last OVA challenge, and subsequent inflammatory analyses were performed., Results: Treatment with Ang-(1-7) resulted in elevated levels of IL-10, CD4
+ Foxp3+ , Mres in the lungs and enhanced macrophage-mediated efferocytic capacity. Moreover, in allergic mice treated with Ang-(1-7) and then subjected to a secondary OVA challenge, inflammation was also reduced. Similarly, in mice exposed to LPS, Ang-(1-7) effectively prevented the lung inflammation., Conclusion: A single dose of Ang-(1-7) resolves lung inflammation and protect the lung from a subsequent inflammatory challenge highlighting its potential therapeutic for individuals with asthma., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2024
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5. Angiotensin 1-7 increases cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion and mitigates adverse remodeling of the heart-The signaling mechanism.
- Author
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Derkachev IA, Popov SV, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Naryzhnaya NV, Gorbunov AS, Kan A, Krylatov AV, Podoksenov YK, Stepanov IV, Gusakova SV, Fu F, and Pei JM
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Myocardial Infarction drug therapy, Myocardial Infarction metabolism, Ventricular Remodeling drug effects, Cardiotonic Agents pharmacology, Cardiotonic Agents therapeutic use, Apoptosis drug effects, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury metabolism, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury drug therapy, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury physiopathology, Signal Transduction drug effects
- Abstract
Background: The high mortality rate of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the most pressing issue of modern cardiology. Over the past 10 years, there has been no significant reduction in mortality among patients with AMI. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to develop fundamentally new drugs for the treatment of AMI. Angiotensin 1-7 has some promise in this regard., Objective: The objective of this article is analysis of published data on the cardioprotective properties of angiotensin 1-7., Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to search articles for this study., Results: Angiotensin 1-7 increases cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion and mitigates adverse remodeling of the heart. Angiotensin 1-7 can prevent not only ischemic but also reperfusion cardiac injury. The activation of the Mas receptor plays a key role in these effects of angiotensin 1-7. Angiotensin 1-7 alleviates Ca
2+ overload of cardiomyocytes and reactive oxygen species production in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the myocardium. It is possible that both effects are involved in angiotensin 1-7-triggered cardiac tolerance to I/R. Furthermore, angiotensin 1-7 inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and stimulates autophagy of cells. There is also indirect evidence suggesting that angiotensin 1-7 inhibits ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, angiotensin 1-7 possesses anti-inflammatory properties, possibly achieved through NF-kB activity inhibition. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and NO synthase are involved in the infarct-reducing effect of angiotensin 1-7. However, the specific end-effector of the cardioprotective impact of angiotensin 1-7 remains unknown., Conclusion: The molecular nature of the end-effector of the infarct-limiting effect of angiotensin 1-7 has not been elucidated. Perhaps, this end-effector is the sarcolemmal KATP channel or the mitochondrial KATP channel., (© 2024 Société Française de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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6. Angiotensin-(1-7) Treatment Early in Life Prevents Cardiac Hypertrophy in Adult Hypertensive Rats.
- Author
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Pontes CNR, Bessa ASM, Macedo LM, Ferreira-Junior MD, Cavalcante KVN, Campos HM, Cruz-Leite VRM, Neves ÂR, Gomes RM, Ghedini PC, Biancardi MF, Mendes EP, Borges CL, Pedrino GR, and Castro CH
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Fibrosis, Disease Models, Animal, Rats, Phosphorylation, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain metabolism, Age Factors, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 metabolism, Atrial Natriuretic Factor metabolism, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology, Ventricular Remodeling drug effects, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Rats, Inbred SHR, Hypertension physiopathology, Hypertension drug therapy, Hypertension prevention & control, Cardiomegaly prevention & control, Cardiomegaly physiopathology, Cardiomegaly metabolism, Cardiomegaly drug therapy, Cardiomegaly pathology, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Blood Pressure drug effects
- Abstract
Abstract: Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a cardioprotective peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. Prepuberty has been considered as a later susceptible window of development, and stressful factors in this life phase can induce chronic diseases in adulthood. We aimed to investigate whether the treatment with Ang-(1-7) during the prepuberty could attenuate the development of hypertension and cardiac injury in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs were treated with Ang-(1-7) (24 μg/kg/h) from age 4 to 7 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography up to 17th week. Thereafter, echocardiography was performed, and the rats were euthanized for the collection of tissues and blood. Ang-(1-7) did not change the systolic blood pressure but reduced the septal and posterior wall thickness, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in SHR. In addition, Ang-(1-7) reduced the gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, increased the metalloproteinase 9 expression, and reduced the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 phosphorylation. Ang-(1-7) also prevented the reduction of Mas receptor but did not change the protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, AT1, and AT2. The treatment with Ang-(1-7) decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased superoxide dismutase-1 and catalase activities and protein expression of catalase. Our findings demonstrate that the treatment of SHR with Ang-(1-7) for 3 weeks early in life promotes beneficial effects in the heart later in life, even without altering blood pressure, through mechanisms involving the reduction of oxidative stress and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, this study supports the prepuberty as an important programming window., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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7. The Counteracting Effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the Function andGrowth of Insulin-secreting NIT-1 Cells.
- Author
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Lin X, Wang X, Feng W, Wan Y, Chai J, Li F, and Xu M
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- Animals, Mice, Signal Transduction drug effects, Insulin metabolism, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Line, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Insulin Secretion drug effects, Angiotensin II pharmacology, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Insulin-Secreting Cells drug effects, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Introduction: China now has the highest number of diabetes in the world. Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes insulin resistance by acting on the insulin signaling pathway of peripheral target tissues. However, its effect on islet β-cells remains unclear. The possible role of Angiotensin-( 1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] as an antagonist to the effects of Ang II and in treating diabetes needs to be elucidated., Objectives: To assess the effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the function and growth of islet β cell line NIT-1, which is derived from the islets of non-obese diabetic/large T-antigen (NOD/LT) mice with insulinoma., Methods: NIT-1 cells were treated with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and their respective receptor antagonists. The impact on cell function and growth was then evaluated., Results: Ang II significantly reduced insulin-stimulated IR-β-Tyr and Akt-Ser; while Ang-(1-7), saralasin (an Ang II receptor antagonist), and diphenyleneiodonium [DPI, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) antagonist] reversed the inhibiting effect. Conversely, Ang II significantly increased insulin-stimulated intracellular H
2 O2 and P47 phox, while saralasin and DPI reverted the effect. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) reduced the elevated concentrations of ROS and MDA while increasing the proliferation rate that was reduced by high glucose, all of which were reversed by A-779, an antagonist of the Mas receptor (MasR)., Conclusion: Angiotensin II poses a negative regulatory effect on insulin signal transduction, increases oxidative stress, and may inhibit the transcription of insulin genes stimulated by insulin in NIT-1 cells. Meanwhile, angiotensin-(1-7) blocked these effects via MasR. These results corroborate the rising potential of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in treating diabetes., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)- Published
- 2024
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8. Angiotensin 1-7 increases fiber cross-sectional area and force in juvenile mouse skeletal muscle.
- Author
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Albadrani H, Ammar T, Rajgara R, Bader M, Wiper-Bergeron N, and Renaud JM
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- Mice, Animals, Mice, Inbred mdx, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin I metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Peptide Fragments metabolism
- Abstract
Recent studies reported that in skeletal muscle angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), via its receptor Mas (MasR), prevents the atrophy induced by angiotensin II and by cast immobilization; it also improves muscle integrity and function in the mdx mouse, a muscular dystrophy model. The objectives of this study were to document 1 ) the extent of the Ang 1-7's hypertrophic effect in terms of muscle mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), 2 ) how Ang 1-7 affects muscle contractile function in terms of twitch and tetanic force, force-frequency relationship, and 3 ) whether the effect involves MasR. Wild-type and MasR-deficient [Mas receptor knockout mouse model ( MasR
-/- )] mice were treated with Ang 1-7 (100 ng/kg body wt·min using an osmotic pump) for 4 or 16 wk. Ang 1-7 significantly increased skeletal muscle/body weight ratio of soleus, tibialis, and gastrocnemius, but not of extensor digitorum longus (EDL). It significantly increased fiber cross-sectional area in the order of type I > IIA > IIB. In EDL and soleus muscles, it significantly increased twitch and tetanic force while causing a shift in the force-frequency relationship toward lower stimulation frequencies. It had no effect on fiber type composition. None of the Ang 1-7 effects observed in wild-type mice were observed in MasR-/- muscles. It caused a transient increase in phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) and 4EBP proteins while having no effect on S6 phosphorylation, MuRF-1, and atrogin-1 and a decrease in PAX7 expression in satellite cells. This is the first study demonstrating the hypertrophic effects of Ang 1-7 in normal muscle acting via its MasR.- Published
- 2022
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9. Role of Ang1-7 in renal haemodynamics and excretion in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
- Author
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Kuczeriszka M, Dobrowolski L, Walkowska A, Baranowska I, Sitek JD, and Kompanowska-Jezierska E
- Subjects
- Acetylcholine pharmacology, Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Kidney drug effects, Nitric Oxide, Norepinephrine pharmacology, Random Allocation, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sympathomimetics pharmacology, Vasodilator Agents pharmacology, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Blood Pressure drug effects, Diuresis drug effects, Drinking drug effects, Kidney blood supply, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
The contribution of angiotensin (1-7) (Ang1-7) to control of extrarenal and renal function may be modified in diabetes. We investigated the effects of Ang1-7 supplementation on blood pressure, renal circulation and intrarenal reactivity (IVR) to vasoactive agents in normoglycaemic (NG) and streptozotocin diabetic rats (DM). In Sprague Dawley DM and NG rats, 3 weeks after streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.) or solvent injection, Ang1-7 was administered (400 ng/min) over the next 2 weeks using subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps. For a period of 5 weeks, blood pressure (BP), 24 h water intake and diuresis were determined weekly. In anaesthetised rats, BP, renal total and cortical (CBF), outer (OMBF) and inner medullary (IMBF) perfusion and urine excretion were determined. To check IVR, a short-time infusion of acetylcholine or norepinephrine was randomly given to the renal artery. Unexpectedly, BP did not differ between NG and DM, and this was not modified by Ang-1-7 supplementation. Baseline IMBF was higher in NG vs. DM, and Ang1-7 treatment did not change it in NG but decreased it in DM. In the latter, Ang1-7 increased cortical IVR to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli. IMBF decrease after high acetylcholine dose seen in untreated NG was reverted to an increase in Ang1-7 treated rats. Irrespective of the glycaemia level, Ang1-7 did not modify BP. However, it impaired medullary circulation in DM, whereas in NG it rendered the medullary vasculature more sensitive to vasodilators. Possibly, the medullary hypoperfusion in DM was mediated by Ang1-7 activation of angiotensin AT-1 receptors which are upregulated by hyperglycaemia., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
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10. Angiotensin-(1-7) ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial injury through suppressing chloride channel 3.
- Author
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Cheng F, Liu J, Guo Z, Li S, Chen J, Tu C, Fu F, Shen B, Zhang X, Lai G, and Lan J
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- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Mice, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Chloride Channels genetics, Chloride Channels metabolism, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Endothelium, Vascular injuries, Glucose adverse effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is leading cause of deaths in DM patients. However, there are limited effective medical therapies for diabetic CVD. Vascular endothelial injury caused by DM is a critical risk factor for diabetic CVD. Previous study has indicated that Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) may prevent diabetic CVD, whereas it is not clear that Ang-(1-7) whether attenuates diabetic CVD through suppressing vascular endothelial injury. In this study, we found that Ang-(1-7) alleviated high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial injury in bEnd3 cells. Moreover, Ang-(1-7) ameliorated HG-induced endothelial injury through downregulating chloride channel 3 (CIC-3) via Mas receptor. Furthermore, HG-induced CIC-3 enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine production and reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO), while Ang-(1-7) preserved the impact of HG-induced CIC-3 on productions of ROS, cytokine and NO through inhibiting CIC-3 via Mas receptor. Summarily, the present study revealed that Ang-(1-7) alleviated HG-induced vascular endothelial injury through the inhibition of CIC-3, suggested that Ang-(1-7) may preserve diabetic CVD through suppressing HG-induced vascular endothelial injury.
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- 2022
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11. Angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis promotes migration of monocytes/macrophages with a regulatory phenotype to perform phagocytosis and efferocytosis.
- Author
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Zaidan I, Tavares LP, Sugimoto MA, Lima KM, Negreiros-Lima GL, Teixeira LC, Miranda TC, Valiate BV, Cramer A, Vago JP, Campolina-Silva GH, Souza JA, Grossi LC, Pinho V, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RA, Teixeira MM, Galvão I, and Sousa LP
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, MAP Kinase Signaling System physiology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Peritonitis, Phenotype, Receptors, CCR2 metabolism, Angiotensin I metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages physiology, Monocytes drug effects, Monocytes physiology, Peptide Fragments metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Phagocytosis drug effects, Phagocytosis physiology, Proto-Oncogene Mas metabolism
- Abstract
Nonphlogistic migration of macrophages contributes to the clearance of pathogens and apoptotic cells, a critical step for the resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a heptapeptide of the renin-angiotensin system that acts through Mas receptor (MasR). Ang-(1-7) has recently emerged as a novel proresolving mediator, yet Ang-(1-7) resolution mechanisms are not fully determined. Herein, Ang-(1-7) stimulated migration of human and murine monocytes/macrophages in a MasR-, CCR2-, and MEK/ERK1/2-dependent manner. Pleural injection of Ang-(1-7) promoted nonphlogistic mononuclear cell influx alongside increased levels of CCL2, IL-10, and macrophage polarization toward a regulatory phenotype. Ang-(1-7) induction of CCL2 and mononuclear cell migration was also dependent on MasR and MEK/ERK. Of note, MasR was upregulated during the resolution phase of inflammation, and its pharmacological inhibition or genetic deficiency impaired mononuclear cell recruitment during self-resolving models of LPS pleurisy and E. coli peritonitis. Inhibition/absence of MasR was associated with reduced CCL2 levels, impaired phagocytosis of bacteria, efferocytosis, and delayed resolution of inflammation. In summary, we have uncovered a potentially novel proresolving feature of Ang-(1-7), namely the recruitment of mononuclear cells favoring efferocytosis, phagocytosis, and resolution of inflammation. Mechanistically, cell migration was dependent on MasR, CCR2, and the MEK/ERK pathway.
- Published
- 2022
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12. Angiotensin Type 2 and Mas Receptor Activation Prevents Myocardial Fibrosis and Hypertrophy through the Reduction of Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Local Sympathetic Activity in Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension.
- Author
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Castoldi G, Carletti R, Ippolito S, Stella A, Zerbini G, Pelucchi S, Zatti G, and di Gioia CRT
- Subjects
- Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin II pharmacology, Animals, Cardiomegaly metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Fibrosis, Hypertension chemically induced, Hypertension metabolism, Imidazoles pharmacology, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Losartan pharmacology, Male, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Mas metabolism, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sulfonamides pharmacology, Thiophenes pharmacology, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase metabolism, Angiotensin I administration & dosage, Angiotensin II administration & dosage, Cardiomegaly prevention & control, Hypertension drug therapy, Imidazoles administration & dosage, Losartan administration & dosage, Peptide Fragments administration & dosage, Sulfonamides administration & dosage, Thiophenes administration & dosage
- Abstract
Compound 21 (C21), an AT2 receptor agonist, and Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), through Mas receptor, play an important role in the modulation of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system. The aim of this study was to investigate in an experimental model of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension whether the activation of the potentially protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system, through AT2 or Mas receptor stimulation, counteracts the onset of myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, and whether these effects are mediated by inflammatory mechanism and/or sympathetic activation. Sprague Dawley rats ( n = 67) were treated for 1 ( n = 25) and 4 ( n = 42) weeks and divided in the following groups: (a) Angiotensin II (Ang II, 200 ng/kg/min, osmotic minipumps, sub cutis); (b) Ang II+Compound 21 (C21, 0.3 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal); (c) Ang II+Ang 1-7 (576 µg/kg/day, intraperitoneal); (d) Ang II+Losartan (50 mg/kg/day, per os); (e) control group (physiological saline, sub cutis). Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail cuff method and, at the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized and the heart was excised to evaluate myocardial fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression, used as marker of sympathetic activity. Ang II caused a significant increase of blood pressure, myocardial interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy, as compared to control groups. C21 or Ang 1-7 administration did not modify the increase in blood pressure in Ang II treated rats, but both prevented the development of myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy. Treatment with losartan blocked the onset of hypertension and myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy in Ang II treated rats. Activation of AT2 receptors or Mas receptors prevents the onset of myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy in Ang II-dependent hypertension through the reduction of myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Unlike what happens in case of treatment with losartan, the antifibrotic and antihypertrophic effects that follow the activation of the AT2 or Mas receptors are independent on the modulation of blood pressure.
- Published
- 2021
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13. Angiotensin-(1-7) protects against sepsis-associated left ventricular dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide.
- Author
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Xu H, An X, Tian J, Fu M, Wang Q, Li C, He X, and Niu L
- Subjects
- Angiotensin I metabolism, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 metabolism, Animals, Apoptosis drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Inflammation chemically induced, Inflammation drug therapy, Lipopolysaccharides toxicity, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Nerve Tissue Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Peptide Fragments metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Mas antagonists & inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Mas metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled antagonists & inhibitors, Sepsis chemically induced, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left etiology, Mice, Rats, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Cardiotonic Agents pharmacology, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Sepsis physiopathology, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left prevention & control
- Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a major cause of death. The present study explored whether angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), an important biologically active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, could improve cardiac dysfunction and attenuate inflammation and apoptosis. Experiments were carried out in mice and in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Ang-(1-7). Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor (MasR) expressions were reduced in the mouse left ventricular and NRCM treated with LPS. Ang-(1-7) increased the ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricular, which were reduced upon LPS injection in mice. Ang-(1-7) pre-treatment reversed LPS-induced decreases of α-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and β-MHC, and increases of S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8) and S100A9 in the mouse left ventricular. The LPS-induced increases of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the mouse left ventricular and NRCMs were inhibited by Ang-(1-7) administration. Ang-(1-7) treatment reversed the increases of cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 8 and Bax, and the decrease of Bcl2 induced by LPS in the mouse left ventricular and NRCMs. The increases of MAPKs pathway induced by LPS in NRCMs were inhibited by Ang-(1-7). These results indicate that Ang-(1-7) protects against sepsis-associated left ventricular dysfunction induced by LPS, and increases cardiac contractility via attenuating inflammation and apoptosis., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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14. Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/mas receptor axis triggers autophagy and suppresses microglia proinflammatory polarization via forkhead box class O1 signaling.
- Author
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Dang R, Yang M, Cui C, Wang C, Zhang W, Geng C, Han W, and Jiang P
- Subjects
- Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 pharmacology, Animals, Humans, Mice, Neuroinflammatory Diseases genetics, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Signal Transduction, Transfection, Angiotensin I therapeutic use, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 therapeutic use, Autophagy drug effects, Microglia drug effects, Neuroinflammatory Diseases drug therapy, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use
- Abstract
Brain renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) is implicated in neuroinflammation, a major characteristic of aging process. Angiotensin (Ang) II, produced by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), activates immune system via angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), whereas Ang(1-7), generated by ACE2, binds with Mas receptor (MasR) to restrain excessive inflammatory response. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the relationship between RAS and neuroinflammation. We found that repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment shifted the balance between ACE/Ang II/AT1 and ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR axis to the deleterious side and treatment with either MasR agonist, AVE0991 (AVE) or ACE2 activator, diminazene aceturate, exhibited strong neuroprotective actions. Mechanically, activation of ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR axis triggered the Forkhead box class O1 (FOXO1)-autophagy pathway and induced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the FOXO1-targeted antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, knockdown of MasR or FOXO1 in BV2 cells, or using the selective FOXO1 inhibitor, AS1842856, in animals, suppressed FOXO1 translocation and compromised the autophagic process induced by MasR activation. We further used chloroquine (CQ) to block autophagy and showed that suppressing either FOXO1 or autophagy abrogated the anti-inflammatory action of AVE. Likewise, Ang(1-7) also induced FOXO1 signaling and autophagic flux following LPS treatment in BV2 cells. Cotreatment with AS1842856 or CQ all led to autophagic inhibition and thereby abolished Ang(1-7)-induced remission on NLRP3 inflammasome activation caused by LPS exposure, shifting the microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. Collectively, these results firstly illustrated the mechanism of ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR axis in neuroinflammation, strongly indicating the involvement of FOXO1-mediated autophagy in the neuroimmune-modulating effects triggered by MasR activation., (© 2021 The Authors. Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2021
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15. Alamandine but not angiotensin-(1-7) produces cardiovascular effects at the rostral insular cortex.
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Marins FR, Oliveira AC, Qadri F, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Fontes MAP, and Santos RAS
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- Animals, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Ligands, Male, Microinjections, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Proto-Oncogene Proteins agonists, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Sympathetic Nervous System physiology, Rats, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Arterial Pressure drug effects, Cardiovascular System innervation, Cerebral Cortex drug effects, Heart Rate drug effects, Kidney innervation, Nerve Tissue Proteins agonists, Oligopeptides pharmacology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled agonists, Sympathetic Nervous System drug effects
- Abstract
Experiments aimed to evaluate the tissue distribution of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MrgD) revealed the presence of immunoreactivity for the MrgD protein in the rostral insular cortex (rIC), an important area for autonomic and cardiovascular control. To investigate the relevance of this finding, we evaluated the cardiovascular effects produced by the endogenous ligand of MrgD, alamandine, in this brain region. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded in urethane anesthetized rats. Unilateral microinjection of equimolar doses of alamandine (40 pmol/100 nL), angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II, angiotensin A, and Mas/MrgD antagonist d-Pro
7 -Ang-1-7 (50 pmol/100 nL), Mas antagonist A779 (100 pmol/100 nL), or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) were made in different rats ( n = 4-6/group) into rIC. To verify the specificity of the region, a microinjection of alamandine was also performed into intermediate insular cortex (iIC). Microinjection of alamandine in rIC produced an increase in MAP (Δ = 15 ± 2 mmHg), HR (Δ = 36 ± 4 beats/min), and RSNA (Δ = 31 ± 4%), but was without effects at iIC. Strikingly, an equimolar dose of angiotensin-(1-7) at rIC did not produce any change in MAP, HR, and RSNA. Angiotensin II and angiotensin A produced only minor effects. Alamandine effects were not altered by A-779, a Mas antagonist, but were completely blocked by the Mas/MrgD antagonist d-Pro7 -Ang-(1-7). Therefore, we have identified a brain region in which alamandine/MrgD receptor but not angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas could be involved in the modulation of cardiovascular-related neuronal activity. This observation also suggests that alamandine might possess unique effects unrelated to angiotensin-(1-7) in the brain.- Published
- 2021
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16. Angiotensin (1-7) Alleviates Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction by Suppressing Oxidative Stress Through the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase, Protein Kinase B, and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling Pathway.
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Zhu L, Liu Z, Huang LP, Zhou HR, Cao Y, Yang XP, Wang BJ, Yang ZL, and Chen J
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- Animals, Apoptosis drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Heart Arrest physiopathology, Heart Diseases enzymology, Heart Diseases etiology, Heart Diseases physiopathology, Male, Myocytes, Cardiac enzymology, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Proto-Oncogene Mas agonists, Proto-Oncogene Mas genetics, Proto-Oncogene Mas metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 genetics, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 metabolism, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 genetics, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 metabolism, Return of Spontaneous Circulation, Signal Transduction, Ventricular Function, Left drug effects, Ventricular Pressure drug effects, Rats, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation adverse effects, Heart Arrest therapy, Heart Diseases prevention & control, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism
- Abstract
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] is an endogenous biologically active component of the renin-angiotensin system. However, the role of the Ang (1-7)-MasR axis in postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) and its associated mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Ang (1-7)-MasR axis on myocardial injury after cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation-restoration of spontaneous circulation. We established a model of oxygen/glucose deprivation-reperfusion in myocardial cells in vitro and a rat model of cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation-restoration of spontaneous circulation in vivo. The cell apoptosis rate and the expression of the superoxide anion 3-nitrotyrosine were decreased in the Ang (1-7) group in vitro and in vivo. The mean arterial pressure was decreased, whereas +LVdp/dtmax and -LVdp/dtmax were increased in rats in the Ang (1-7) group. The mRNA and protein levels of Ang II type 1 receptor, MasR, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were increased in the Ang (1-7) group in vivo. These results indicate that the Ang (1-7)-MasR axis can alleviate PRMD by reducing myocardial tissue damage and oxidative stress through activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway and provide a new direction for the clinical treatment of PRMD., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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17. Targeting the Protective Arm of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Focused on Angiotensin-(1-7).
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Khajehpour S and Aghazadeh-Habashi A
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- Angiotensin I administration & dosage, Angiotensin I therapeutic use, Animals, Antihypertensive Agents administration & dosage, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Drug Delivery Systems, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents administration & dosage, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Peptide Fragments administration & dosage, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects
- Abstract
The in vivo application and efficacy of many therapeutic peptides is limited because of their instability and proteolytic degradation. Novel strategies for developing therapeutic peptides with higher stability toward proteolytic degradation would be extremely valuable. Such approaches could improve systemic bioavailability and enhance therapeutic effects. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system within the body essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. The RAS is composed of two opposing classic and protective arms. The balance between these two arms is critical for the homeostasis of the body's physiologic function. Activation of the RAS results in the suppression of its protective arm, which has been reported in inflammatory and pathologic conditions such as arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Clinical application of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a RAS critical regulatory peptide, augments the protective arm and restores balance hampered by its enzymatic and chemical instability. Several attempts to increase the half-life and efficacy of this heptapeptide using more stable analogs and different drug delivery approaches have been made. This review article provides an overview of efforts targeting the RAS protective arm. It provides a critical analysis of Ang-(1-7) or its homologs' novel drug delivery systems using different administration routes, their pharmacological characterization, and therapeutic potential in various clinical settings. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Ang-(1-7) is a unique peptide component of the renin-angiotensin system with vast potential for clinical applications that modulate various inflammatory diseases. Novel Ang-(1-7) peptide drug delivery could compensate its lack of stability for effective clinical application., (Copyright © 2021 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.)
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- 2021
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18. Angiotensin-(1-7) prevents T3-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by upregulating FOXO3/SOD1/catalase and downregulating NF-ĸB.
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Senger N, C Parletta A, Marques BVD, Akamine EH, Diniz GP, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RAS, and Barreto-Chaves MLM
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- Animals, Antioxidants metabolism, Down-Regulation drug effects, Hypertrophy, Male, Models, Biological, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Transgenic, Rats, Wistar, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Rats, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Catalase metabolism, Forkhead Box Protein O3 metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, NF-kappa B metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Superoxide Dismutase-1 metabolism, Triiodothyronine adverse effects, Up-Regulation drug effects
- Abstract
Clinical studies have shown a correlation between thyroid disorders and cardiac diseases. High levels of triiodothyronine (T3) induce cardiac hypertrophy, a risk factor for cardiac complications and heart failure. Previous results have demonstrated that angiotensin-(1-7) is able to block T3-induced cardiac hypertrophy; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this event have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evidenced the contribution of FOXO3 signaling to angiotensin-(1-7) effects. Angiotensin-(1-7) treatment increased nuclear FOXO3 levels and reduced p-FOXO3 levels (inactive form) in isolated cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of FOXO3 by RNA silencing abrogated the antihypertrophic effect of angiotensin-(1-7). Increased expression of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1 and catalase) and lower levels of reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were observed after angiotensin-(1-7) treatment in vitro. Consistent with these results, transgenic rats overexpressing angiotensin-(1-7) displayed increased nuclear FOXO3 and SOD1 levels and reduced NF-κB levels in the heart. These results provide a new molecular mechanism responsible for the antihypertrophic effect of angiotensin-(1-7), which may contribute to future therapeutic targets., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2021
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19. Oestrogen-mediated upregulation of the Mas receptor contributes to sex differences in acute lung injury and lung vascular barrier regulation.
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Erfinanda L, Ravindran K, Kohse F, Gallo K, Preissner R, Walther T, and Kuebler WM
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- Acute Lung Injury metabolism, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Animals, Capillary Permeability drug effects, Child, Electric Impedance, Endothelial Cells drug effects, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Estradiol pharmacology, Female, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Lung drug effects, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Middle Aged, Ovariectomy, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Platelet Activating Factor pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, SARS-CoV-2, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Up-Regulation, Young Adult, Acute Lung Injury genetics, Angiotensin I metabolism, COVID-19 epidemiology, Capillary Permeability genetics, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Estrogens metabolism, Lung metabolism, Peptide Fragments metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, Respiratory Distress Syndrome epidemiology
- Abstract
Epidemiological data from the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak suggest sex differences in mortality and vulnerability; however, sex-dependent incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial and the sex-dependent mechanisms of endothelial barrier regulation are unknown. In premenopausal women, increased signalling of angiotensin (Ang)(1-7) via the Mas receptor has been linked to lower cardiovascular risk. Since stimulation of the Ang(1-7)/Mas axis protects the endothelial barrier in acute lung injury (ALI), we hypothesised that increased Ang(1-7)/Mas signalling may protect females over males in ALI/ARDS.Clinical data were collected from Charité inpatients (Berlin) and sex differences in ALI were assessed in wild-type (WT) and Mas-receptor deficient ( Mas
-/- ) mice. Endothelial permeability was assessed as weight change in isolated lungs and as transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in vitro In 734 090 Charité inpatients (2005-2016), ARDS had a higher incidence in men as compared to women. In murine ALI, male WT mice had more lung oedema, protein leaks and histological evidence of injury than female WT mice. Lung weight change in response to platelet-activating factor (PAF) was more pronounced in male WT and female Mas-/- mice than in female WT mice, whereas Mas-receptor expression was higher in female WT lungs. Ovariectomy attenuated protection in female WT mice and reduced Mas-receptor expression. Oestrogen increased Mas-receptor expression and attenuated endothelial leakage in response to thrombin in vitro This effect was alleviated by Mas-receptor blockade.Improved lung endothelial barrier function protects female mice from ALI-induced lung oedema. This effect is partially mediated via enhanced Ang(1-7)/Mas signalling as a result of oestrogen-dependent Mas expression., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: L. Erfinanda has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Ravindran has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F. Kohse has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Gallo has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R. Preissner has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: T. Walther reports grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (WA 1441/22), during the conduct of the study; is a scientific advisor to Constant Pharmaceuticals Ltd; and has a patent “Use of an Ang-(1–7) receptor agonist in acute lung injury” pending. Conflict of interest: W.M. Kuebler reports grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KU 1218/7), during the conduct of the study; and has a patent “Use of an Ang-(1–7) receptor agonist in acute lung injury” pending., (Copyright ©ERS 2021.)- Published
- 2021
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20. Angiotensin-(1-7) treatment blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced organ damage, platelet dysfunction, and IL-6 and nitric oxide production in rats.
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Tsai HJ, Shih CC, Chang KY, Liao MH, Liaw WJ, Wu CC, and Tsao CM
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- Animals, Blood Platelets pathology, Endotoxemia chemically induced, Hypotension etiology, Hypotension pathology, Male, Multiple Organ Failure etiology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Sepsis chemically induced, Sepsis complications, Vasodilator Agents pharmacology, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Blood Platelets drug effects, Endotoxemia complications, Hypotension prevention & control, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Lipopolysaccharides toxicity, Multiple Organ Failure prevention & control, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Sepsis can lead to shock, multiple organ failure, and even death. Platelets play an active role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), a biologically active peptide, counteracts various effects of Ang II and attenuates inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis. We evaluated the effects of Ang-(1-7) on organ injury and platelet dysfunction in rats with endotoxaemia. We treated male Wistar rats with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg, intravenously) then Ang-(1-7) (1 mg/kg, intravenous infusion for 3 h beginning 30 min after LPS administration). We analysed several haemodynamic, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters, as well as platelet counts and aggregation. Ang-(1-7) improved hypotension and organ dysfunction, and attenuated plasma interleukin-6, chemokines and nitric oxide production in rats after LPS administration. The LPS-induced reduction in platelet aggregation, but not the decreased platelet count, was restored after Ang-(1-7) treatment. The protein expression of iNOS and IκB, but not phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, was diminished in Ang-(1-7)-treated LPS rats. The histological changes in liver and lung were significantly attenuated in Ang-(1-7)-treated LPS rats. Our results suggest that Ang-(1-7) ameliorates endotoxaemic-induced organ injury and platelet dysfunction, likely through the inhibition of the inflammatory response and nitric oxide production.
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- 2021
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21. Oral Angiotensin-(1-7) Peptide Modulates Intestinal Microbiota Improving Metabolic Profile in Obese Mice.
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Machado A, Oliveira JR, de F Lelis D, Guimarães VHD, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Brandi IV, de Carvalho BMA, da Costa DV, Vieira CR, Pereira UA, de Oliveira Costa T, Andrade JMO, Santos RAS, and Santos SHS
- Subjects
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 metabolism, Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cholesterol metabolism, Computational Biology, Diet, High-Fat, Humans, Intestines drug effects, Lipoproteins, LDL metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Obese, Toll-Like Receptor 4 metabolism, Triglycerides metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Metabolome drug effects, Obesity drug therapy, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Obesity is a serious health problem that dysregulate Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) and intestinal microbiota., Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the Angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] oral formulation effects on obese mice intestinal microbiota., Methods: Mice were divided into four groups: obese and non-obese treated with ANG-(1-7) and obese and non-obese without ANG-(1-7) during four weeks., Results: We observed a significant decrease in the fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Low-density lipoprotein levels and increased High-density lipoprotein in animals treated with ANG-(1-7). The histological analysis showed intestinal villi height reduction in mice treated with ANG-(1-7). Additionally, increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes (increased Bacteroidetes/ Firmicutes ratio) and Enterobacter cloacae populations were observed in the High-Fat Diet + ANG-(1-7) group. Receptor toll-like 4 (TLR4) intestinal mRNA expression was reduced in the HFD+ANG-(1-7) group. Finally, the intestinal expression of the neutral amino acid transporter (B0AT1) was increased in animals treated with ANG-(1-7), indicating a possible mechanism associated with tryptophan uptake., Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest for the first time an interaction between oral ANG-(1-7) and intestinal microbiota modulation., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
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- 2021
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22. Effect of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) on proliferation of stem cells from human dental apical papilla.
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Macedo LM, de Ávila RI, Pedrino GR, Colugnati DB, Valadares MC, Lima EM, Borges CL, Kitten GT, Gava E, and Castro CH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cells, Cultured, Dental Papilla metabolism, Female, Humans, Imidazoles pharmacology, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Male, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A metabolism, Phosphorylation drug effects, Pyridines pharmacology, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 metabolism, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Stem Cells metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin II pharmacology, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Dental Papilla drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Stem Cells drug effects
- Abstract
The effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on stem cells isolated from human dental apical papilla (SCAPs) are completely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify RAS components expressed in SCAPs and the effects of angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7) on cell proliferation. SCAPs were collected from third molar teeth of adolescents and maintained in cell culture. Messenger RNA expression and protein levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, and Mas, Ang II type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) receptors were detected in SCAPs. Treatment with either Ang II or Ang-(1-7) increased the proliferation of SCAPs. These effects were inhibited by PD123319, an AT2 antagonist. While Ang II augmented mTOR phosphorylation, Ang-(1-7) induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, SCAPs produce the main RAS components and both Ang II and Ang-(1-7) treatments induced cell proliferation mediated by AT2 activation through different intracellular mechanisms., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2021
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23. Angiotensin-(1-7) Improves Islet Function in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetes Mellitus by Up-Regulating the Expression of Pdx1/Glut2.
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Li J, Zhu R, Liu Y, Yang J, Wang X, Geng L, Xu T, and He J
- Subjects
- Angiotensin I therapeutic use, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental chemically induced, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental genetics, Glucose Transporter Type 2 genetics, Glucose Transporter Type 2 metabolism, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Homeodomain Proteins metabolism, Insulin-Secreting Cells drug effects, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism, Islets of Langerhans physiology, Male, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Streptozocin, Trans-Activators genetics, Trans-Activators metabolism, Up-Regulation drug effects, Up-Regulation genetics, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental physiopathology, Islets of Langerhans drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Objective: To observe the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) on glucose metabolism, islet function and insulin resistance in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and investigate its mechanism., Methods: Thirty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, which was fed a standard diet, DM group, high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin, and Ang-(1-7) group receiving an injection of streptozotocin followed by Ang-(1-7) treatment. Blood glucose level, fasting serum Ang II and insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. The pancreases were collected for histological examination, protein and gene expression analysis., Results: Compared with the control group, fasting blood glucose, serum angiotensin II level, and HOMA-IR value increased, while serum insulin level decreased in the DM group. Moreover, islet structure was damaged, β cells were irregularly arranged, the cytoplasm was loose in the DM group. Expressions of Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx1), glucose transporter-2 (Glut2) and glucokinase (Gk) were significantly decreased in the DM group compared with the control group. However, the DM-associated changes were dramatically reversed following Ang-(1-7) treatment., Conclusion: Ang-(1-7) protects against streptozotocin-induced DM through the improvement of insulin secretion, insulin resistance and islet fibrosis, which is associated with the upregulation of Pdx1, Glut2 and Gk expressions., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
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- 2021
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24. Oral Treatment with Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates the Kidney Injury Induced by Gentamicin in Wistar Rats.
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Pacheco LF, de Castro CH, Dutra JBR, de Souza Lino Junior R, Ferreira PM, Dos Santos RAS, and Ulhoa CJ
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- Administration, Oral, Animals, Drug Evaluation, Gentamicins pharmacology, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Acute Kidney Injury blood, Acute Kidney Injury chemically induced, Acute Kidney Injury drug therapy, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Gentamicins adverse effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), a common disease of the urinary system, can be induced by high doses of gentamicin (GM). The renin-angiotensin system exerts a key role in the progression of the AKI since elevated intrarenal levels of Ang II, and ACE activity is found in this condition. However, it is unknown whether oral administration of angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), a heptapeptide that evokes opposite effects of Ang II, may attenuate the renal injuries induced by gentamicin., Objectives: To evaluate the effects of Ang-(1-7) on GM-induced renal dysfunction in rats., Methods: AKI was induced by subcutaneous administration of GM (80 mg/Kg) for 5 days. Simultaneously, Ang-(1-7) included in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was administered by gavage [46 μg/kg HPβCD + 30 μg/kg Ang-(1-7)]. At the end of the treatment period (sixth day), the rats were housed in metabolic cages for renal function evaluation. Thereafter, blood and kidney samples were collected., Results: Ang-(1-7) attenuated the increase of the plasmatic creatinine and proteinuria caused by GM but did not change the glomerular filtration rate nor tubular necrosis. Ang-(1-7) attenuated the increased urinary flow and the fractional excretion of H2O and potassium observed in GM rats but intensified the elevated excretion of sodium in these animals. Morphological analysis showed that Ang-(1-7) also reduced the tubular vacuolization in kidneys from GM rats., Conclusion: Ang-(1-7) promotes selective beneficial effects in renal injuries induced by GM., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
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- 2021
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25. Differential responses of bone to angiotensin II and angiotensin(1-7): beneficial effects of ANG(1-7) on bone with exposure to high glucose.
- Author
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Sha NN, Zhang JL, Poon CC, Li WX, Li Y, Wang YF, Shi W, Lin FH, Lin WP, Wang YJ, and Zhang Y
- Subjects
- 3T3 Cells, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers pharmacology, Animals, Bone Density drug effects, Bone Development drug effects, Male, Mice, Osteoblasts drug effects, Osteoclasts drug effects, Osteoporosis prevention & control, Phosphorylation drug effects, RAW 264.7 Cells, Rats, Rats, Inbred SHR, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin II pharmacology, Bone Density Conservation Agents pharmacology, Bone and Bones drug effects, Glucose adverse effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Osteoporosis, diabetes, and hypertension are common concurrent chronic disorders. This study aimed to explore the respective effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) and angiotensin(1-7) [ANG(1-7)], active peptides in the renin-angiotensin system, on osteoblasts and osteoclasts under high-glucose level, as well as to investigate the osteo-preservative effects of ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker and ANG(1-7) in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). ANG II and ANG(1-7), respectively, decreased and increased the formation of calcified nodules and alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells under high-glucose level, and respectively stimulated and inhibited the number of matured osteoclasts and pit resorptive area in RANKL-induced bone marrow macrophages. Olmesartan and Mas receptor antagonist A779 could abolish those effects. ANG II and ANG(1-7), respectively, downregulated and upregulated the expressions of osteogenesis factors in MC3T3-E1 cells. ANG II promoted the expressions of cathepsin K and MMP9 in RAW 264.7 cells, whereas ANG(1-7) repressed these osteoclastogenesis factors. ANG II rapidly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 in RAW 264.7 cells, whereas ANG(1-7) markedly reduced the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK under high-glucose condition. After treatments of diabetic SHR with valsartan and ANG(1-7), a significant increase in trabecular bone area, bone mineral density, and mechanical strength was only found in the ANG(1-7)-treated group. Treatment with ANG(1-7) significantly suppressed the increase in renin expression and ANG II content in the bone of SHR. Taken together, ANG II/AT1R and ANG(1-7)/Mas distinctly regulated the differentiation and functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts upon exposure to high-glucose condition. ANG(1-7) could protect SHR from diabetes-induced osteoporosis.
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- 2021
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26. Relevance of angiotensin-(1-7) and its receptor Mas in pneumonia caused by influenza virus and post-influenza pneumococcal infection.
- Author
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Melo EM, Del Sarto J, Vago JP, Tavares LP, Rago F, Gonçalves APF, Machado MG, Aranda-Pardos I, Valiate BVS, Cassali GD, Pinho V, Sousa LP, A-Gonzalez N, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Bader M, Santos RAS, Machado AV, Ludwig S, and Teixeira MM
- Subjects
- A549 Cells, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid immunology, Cytokines immunology, Dogs, Humans, Influenza A virus, Lung drug effects, Lung immunology, Lung pathology, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Neutrophils drug effects, Neutrophils immunology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Peroxidase immunology, Phagocytosis drug effects, Pneumococcal Infections immunology, Pneumococcal Infections pathology, Pneumonia, Viral immunology, Pneumonia, Viral pathology, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mice, Angiotensin I therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use, Pneumococcal Infections drug therapy, Pneumonia, Viral drug therapy, Proto-Oncogene Proteins immunology, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled immunology
- Abstract
Resolution failure of exacerbated inflammation triggered by Influenza A virus (IAV) prevents return of pulmonary homeostasis and survival, especially when associated with secondary pneumococcal infection. Therapeutic strategies based on pro-resolving molecules have great potential against acute inflammatory diseases. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a pro-resolving mediator that acts on its Mas receptor (MasR) to promote resolution of inflammation. We investigated the effects of Ang-(1-7) and the role of MasR in the context of primary IAV infection and secondary pneumococcal infection and evaluated pulmonary inflammation, virus titers and bacteria counts, and pulmonary damage. Therapeutic treatment with Ang-(1-7) decreased neutrophil recruitment, lung injury, viral load and morbidity after a primary IAV infection. Ang-(1-7) induced apoptosis of neutrophils and efferocytosis of these cells by alveolar macrophages, but had no direct effect on IAV replication in vitro. MasR-deficient (MasR
-/- ) mice were highly susceptible to IAV infection, displaying uncontrolled inflammation, increased viral load and greater lethality rate, as compared to WT animals. Ang-(1-7) was not protective in MasR-/- mice. Interestingly, Ang-(1-7) given during a sublethal dose of IAV infection greatly reduced morbidity associated with a subsequent S. pneumoniae infection, as seen by decrease in the magnitude of neutrophil influx, number of bacteria in the blood leading to a lower lethality. Altogether, these results show that Ang-(1-7) is highly protective against severe primary IAV infection and protects against secondary bacterial infection of the lung. These effects are MasR-dependent. Mediators of resolution of inflammation, such as Ang-(1-7), should be considered for the treatment of pulmonary viral infections., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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27. Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy via the Mas Receptor in Skeletal Muscle.
- Author
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Rivera JC, Abrigo J, Tacchi F, Simon F, Brandan E, Santos RA, Bader M, Chiong M, and Cabello-Verrugio C
- Subjects
- Animals, Cathepsin L metabolism, Cell Line, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, MAP Kinase Kinase 4 metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microtubule-Associated Proteins metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal drug effects, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Autophagy, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism
- Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy, which occurs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, causes a severe muscle function reduction. The increased autophagy contributes to sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in a model of LPS injection, increasing LC3II/LC3I ratio, autophagy flux, and autophagosomes. Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) has anti-atrophic effects via the Mas receptor in skeletal muscle. However, the impact of Ang-(1-7) on LPS-induced autophagy is unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of Ang-(1-7) on sepsis-induced muscle autophagy. C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the Mas receptor (KO Mas) were injected with LPS together with the systemic administration of Ang-(1-7) to determine autophagy in skeletal muscle. We also evaluated autophagy and p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)activation. Our results show that Ang-(1-7) prevents LPS-induced autophagy in the diaphragm, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius of WT mice, which is demonstrated by a decrease in the LC3II/LC3I ratio and mRNA levels of lc3b and ctsl . This effect was lost in KO Mas mice, suggesting the role of the Mas receptor. The results in C2C12 cells show that Ang-(1-7) reduces several LPS-dependent effects, such as autophagy (LC3II/LC3I ratio, autophagic flux, and autophagosomes), activation of p38 and JNK, B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) phosphorylation, and disassembly of the Beclin1/BCL2 complex. In conclusion, Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor reduces LPS-induced autophagy in skeletal muscle. In vitro assays indicate that Ang-(1-7) prevents LPS-induced autophagy and modifies the MAPK signaling and the disassembly of a complex involved at the beginning of autophagy.
- Published
- 2020
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28. Different reactive species modulate the hypotensive effect triggered by angiotensins at CVLM of 2K1C hypertensive rats.
- Author
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de Sousa GG, Barbosa MA, Barbosa CM, Lima TC, Souza Dos Santos RA, Campagnole-Santos MJ, and Alzamora AC
- Subjects
- Animals, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology, Disease Models, Animal, Heart Rate, Hypertension, Renovascular metabolism, Hypertension, Renovascular pathology, Male, Medulla Oblongata drug effects, Rats, Vasoconstrictor Agents pharmacology, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin II pharmacology, Hypertension, Renovascular drug therapy, Medulla Oblongata metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects
- Abstract
Hypertension is associated with increased central activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress. Here, we evaluated whether reactive species and neurotransmitters could contribute to the hypotensive effect induced by angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7) at the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in renovascular hypertensive rats (2K1C). Therefore, we investigated the effect of Ang II, Ang-(1-7), and the Ang-(1-7) antagonist A-779 microinjected before and after CVLM microinjection of the nitric oxide (NO)-synthase inhibitor, (L-NAME), vitamin C (Vit C), bicuculline, or kynurenic acid in 2K1C and SHAM rats. Baseline values of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in 2K1C rats were higher than in SHAM rats. CVLM microinjection of Ang II, Ang-(1-7), l-NAME, or bicuculline induced decreases in the MAP in SHAM and 2K1C rats. In addition, Vit C and A-779 produced decreases in the MAP only in 2K1C rats. Kynurenic acid increased the MAP in both SHAM and 2K1C rats. Only the Ang-(1-7) effect was increased by l-NAME and reduced by bicuculline in SHAM rats. L-NAME also reduced the A-779 effect in 2K1C rats. Only the Ang II effect was abolished by CVLM Vit C and enhanced by CVLM kynurenic acid in SHAM and 2K1C rats. Overall, the superoxide anion and glutamate participated in the hypotensive effect of Ang II, while NO and GABA participated in the hypotensive effect of Ang-(1-7) in CVLM. The higher hypotensive response of A-779 in the CVLM of 2K1C rats suggests that Ang-(1-7) contributes to renovascular hypertension., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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29. Angiotensin-(1-7) Rescues Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Aggravated Transforming Growth Factor- β -Mediated Airway Remodeling in Murine and Cellular Models of Asthma.
- Author
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Zhou JP, Lin YN, Li N, Sun XW, Ding YJ, Yan YR, Zhang L, and Li QY
- Subjects
- Animals, Asthma complications, Asthma metabolism, Bronchi pathology, Cell Line, Chronic Disease, Disease Models, Animal, Epithelial Cells drug effects, Epithelial Cells pathology, Lung drug effects, Lung pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Airway Remodeling drug effects, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Asthma drug therapy, Asthma pathology, Hypoxia complications, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism
- Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in TGF- β -mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is responsible for airway remodeling in refractory asthma. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which affects RAS activity, is a risk factor for refractory asthma. We aimed to investigate how chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), the main pathophysiology of OSA, exacerbates asthma and whether Ang-(1-7) protects against chronic IH-induced airway remodeling in asthma. We exposed ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged asthma mice to chronic IH and observed that chronic IH aggravated airway inflammation and collagen deposit in OVA-challenged mice. Compared with the OVA group, the OVA + chronic IH group had a lower expression level of epithelial marker E-cadherin and higher expression levels of mesenchymal markers α -smooth muscle actin and collagen IV in airway epithelia, accompanied with activation of TGF- β /Smad pathway. These changes were reversed by the administration of Ang-(1-7). Consistently, Ang-(1-7) mitigated chronic IH-induced activation of TGF- β -mediated EMT in lipopolysaccharide-treated bronchial epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was blocked by Ang-(1-7)-specific Mas receptor antagonist A779. Taken together, Ang-(1-7) rescued chronic IH-aggravated TGF- β -mediated EMT to suppress airway remodeling, implying that RAS activity is involved in the mechanisms of OSA-related airway dysfunction in asthma. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: OSA is a risk factor for refractory asthma. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of how OSA exacerbates refractory asthma. We found that chronic IH induces TGF- β -mediated EMT and aggravates airway collagen deposit. We also found that Ang-(1-7) erased the aggravation of TGF- β -mediated EMT and epithelial fibrosis upon chronic IH exposure. These findings provided new insights that the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis might be considered as a potential therapeutic target for patients with asthma and OSA., Competing Interests: All authors disclose no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.)
- Published
- 2020
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30. Mas receptor is translocated to the nucleus upon agonist stimulation in brainstem neurons from spontaneously hypertensive rats but not normotensive rats.
- Author
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Cerniello FM, Silva MG, Carretero OA, and Gironacci MM
- Subjects
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Arachidonic Acid metabolism, Brain Stem metabolism, Brain Stem physiopathology, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Endocytosis, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases metabolism, Hypertension physiopathology, Ligands, Neurons metabolism, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Phosphorylation, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Rats, Inbred SHR, Rats, Inbred WKY, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Brain Stem drug effects, Hypertension metabolism, Neurons drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins agonists, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled agonists
- Abstract
Aims: Activation of the angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7)/Mas receptor (R) axis protects from sympathetic overactivity. Endocytic trafficking is an essential process that regulates receptor (R) function and its ultimate cellular responses. We investigated whether the blunted responses to Ang-(1-7) in hypertensive rats are associated to an alteration in MasR trafficking., Methods and Results: Brainstem neurons from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were investigated for (i) Ang-(1-7) levels and binding and MasR expression, (ii) Ang-(1-7) responses (arachidonic acid and nitric oxide release and Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation), and (iii) MasR trafficking. Ang-(1-7) was determined by radioimmunoassay. MasR expression and functionality were evaluated by western blot and binding assays. MasR trafficking was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Ang-(1-7) treatment induced an increase in nitric oxide and arachidonic acid release and ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in WKY neurons but did not have an effect in SHR neurons. Although SHR neurons showed greater MasR expression, Ang-(1-7)-elicited responses were substantially diminished presumably due to decreased Ang-(1-7) endogenous levels concomitant with impaired binding to its receptor. Through immunocolocalization studies, we evidenced that upon Ang-(1-7) stimulation MasRs were internalized through clathrin-coated pits and caveolae into early endosomes and slowly recycled back to the plasma membrane. However, the fraction of internalized MasRs into early endosomes was larger and the fraction of MasRs recycled back to the plasma membrane was smaller in SHR than in WKY neurons. Surprisingly, in SHR neurons but not in WKY neurons, Ang-(1-7) induced MasR translocation to the nucleus. Nuclear MasR expression and Ang-(1-7) levels were significantly greater in the nuclei of Ang-(1-7)-stimulated SHR neurons, indicating that the MasR is translocated with its ligand bound to it., Conclusion: MasRs display differential trafficking in brainstem neurons from SHRs, which may contribute to the impaired responses to Ang-(1-7)., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2019. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
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31. Antiepileptic effects of long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
- Author
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Gomes KP, Braga PPP, de Lima CQ, Ghazale PP, Pedrino GR, Mendes EP, Pansani AP, Xavier CH, Castro CH, and Colugnati DB
- Subjects
- Angiotensin I pharmacology, Animals, Anticonvulsants pharmacology, Anxiety physiopathology, Disease Models, Animal, Elevated Plus Maze Test, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe physiopathology, Hippocampus drug effects, Hippocampus pathology, Hippocampus physiopathology, Infusions, Intraventricular, Male, Motor Activity drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Photoperiod, Rats, Wistar, Weight Gain drug effects, Angiotensin I therapeutic use, Anticonvulsants administration & dosage, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe drug therapy, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use
- Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most frequent type of epilepsy and is often refractory to pharmacological treatment. In this scenario, extensive research has identified components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment with angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in male Wistar rats with TLE induced by pilocarpine (PILO). Rats with TLE were submitted to intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of Ang-(1-7) (200 ng/kg/h) for 28 days, starting at the first spontaneous motor seizure (SMS). Body weight, food intake, and SMS were evaluated daily. Behavioral tests and hippocampal protein levels were also evaluated at the end of the treatment. Ang-(1-7) treatment reduced the frequency of SMS and attenuated low anxiety levels, increased locomotion/exploration, and reduced body weight gain that was induced by TLE. Moreover, Ang-(1-7) positively regulated the hippocampal levels of antioxidant protein catalase and antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, which were reduced by TLE. The hippocampal up-regulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor induced by TLE was also attenuated by Ang-(1-7), while the Mas receptor (MasR) was down-regulated compared with epilepsy. These data show that Ang-(1-7) presents an antiepileptic effect, increasing neuroprotection markers and reducing SMS frequency, body weight, and behavior impairments found in TLE. Therefore, Ang-(1-7) is a promising coadjutant therapeutic option for the treatment of TLE., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.)
- Published
- 2020
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32. Angiotensin-(1-9) prevents cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by controlling mitochondrial dynamics via miR-129-3p/PKIA pathway.
- Author
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Sotomayor-Flores C, Rivera-Mejías P, Vásquez-Trincado C, López-Crisosto C, Morales PE, Pennanen C, Polakovicova I, Aliaga-Tobar V, García L, Roa JC, Rothermel BA, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Ho-Xuan H, Meister G, Chiong M, Ocaranza MP, Corvalán AH, Parra V, and Lavandero S
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Calcium metabolism, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases metabolism, Cytosol metabolism, Dynamins metabolism, Hypertrophy, MicroRNAs genetics, Mitochondria drug effects, Mitochondria metabolism, Models, Biological, Myocytes, Cardiac ultrastructure, NFATC Transcription Factors metabolism, Norepinephrine pharmacology, Phosphorylation drug effects, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Up-Regulation drug effects, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, MicroRNAs metabolism, Mitochondrial Dynamics drug effects, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects
- Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-9) is a peptide from the noncanonical renin-angiotensin system with anti-hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes via an unknown mechanism. In the present study we aimed to elucidate it, basing us initially on previous work from our group and colleagues who proved a relationship between disturbances in mitochondrial morphology and calcium handling, associated with the setting of cardiac hypertrophy. Our first finding was that angiotensin-(1-9) can induce mitochondrial fusion through DRP1 phosphorylation. Secondly, angiotensin-(1-9) blocked mitochondrial fission and intracellular calcium dysregulation in a model of norepinephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, preventing the activation of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. To further investigate angiotensin-(1-9) anti-hypertrophic mechanism, we performed RNA-seq studies, identifying the upregulation of miR-129 under angiotensin-(1-9) treatment. miR-129 decreased the transcript levels of the protein kinase A inhibitor (PKIA), resulting in the activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Finally, we showed that PKA activity is necessary for the effects of angiotensin-(1-9) over mitochondrial dynamics, calcium handling and its anti-hypertrophic effects.
- Published
- 2020
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33. The Impact of Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(3-7) on the Biological Properties of Prostate Cancer Cells by Modulation of Inflammatory and Steroidogenesis Pathway Genes.
- Author
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Domińska K, Kowalska K, Urbanek KA, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Ochędalski T, and Piastowska Ciesielska AW
- Subjects
- Cell Division drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Size drug effects, Cholesterol metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Humans, Male, PC-3 Cells, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Testosterone metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin II pharmacology, Estrogen Receptor alpha genetics, Estrogen Receptor beta genetics, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics, Receptors, Androgen genetics
- Abstract
The local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the prostate, including cancer development and progression. The Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(3-7) are the less known active peptides of RAS. This study examines the influence of these two peptide hormones on the metabolic activity, proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells. Significant changes in MTT dye reduction were observed depending on the type of angiotensin and its concentration as well as time of incubation. Ang-(1-9) did not regulate the 2D cell division of either prostate cancer lines however, it reduced the size of LNCaP colonies formed in soft agar, maybe through down-regulation of the HIF1a gene. Ang-(3-7) increased the number of PC3 cells in the S phase and improved anchorage-independent growth as well as mobility. In this case, a significant increase in MKI67 , BIRC5, and CDH-1 gene expression was also observed as well as all members of the NF-kB family. Furthermore, we speculate that this peptide can repress the proliferation of LNCaP cells by NOS3-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest. No changes in expression of BIRC5 and BCL2/BAX ratio were observed but a decrease mRNA proapoptotic BAD gene was seen. In the both lines, Ang-(3-7) improved ROCK1 gene expression however, increased VEGF and NOS3 mRNA was only seen in the PC3 or LNCaP cells, respectively. Interestingly, it appears that Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(3-7) can modulate the level of steroidogenic enzymes responsible for converting cholesterol to testosterone in both prostate cancer lines. Furthermore, in PC3 cells, Ang-(1-9) upregulated AR expression while Ang-(3-7) upregulated the expression of both estrogen receptor genes. Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(3-7) can impact on biological properties of prostate cancer cells by modulating inflammatory and steroidogenesis pathway genes, among others.
- Published
- 2020
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34. Angiotensin-(1-7) Treatment Restores Pancreatic Microcirculation Profiles: A New Story in Acute Pancreatitis.
- Author
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Wang X, Liu M, Hu W, Cui T, Yu X, Liu R, and Yin C
- Subjects
- Animals, Ceruletide, Endothelium, Vascular cytology, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Endothelium, Vascular ultrastructure, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microcirculation physiology, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Pancreatitis chemically induced, Pancreatitis physiopathology, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Microcirculation drug effects, Pancreas blood supply, Pancreatitis prevention & control, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of pancreatic microvascular vasomotion and blood distribution pattern in acute pancreatitis (AP), and whether Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) treatment could restore pancreatic microcirculation profiles., Methods: Mice were randomly separated into control, AP, and Ang-(1-7)-treated AP (A-AP) group. Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and lipopolysaccharide. Pancreatitis was confirmed by histopathology, serum amylase, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein. Pancreatic microvascular vasomotion and blood distribution pattern in AP progression were assessed by laser Doppler. Meanwhile, ultrastructural changes of pancreatic microcirculation, including microvascular cavity and wall and endothelial mitochondria, were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy., Results: Acute pancreatitis mice exhibited pathological pancreatic injuries with lower blood distribution pattern and decreased average blood perfusion, relative velocity, effective frequency, and amplitude of microvascular vasomotion. The pancreatic pathological injuries in Ang-(1-7)-treated mice were significantly alleviated. Consistently, Ang-(1-7) treatment led to a restoration in pancreatic microcirculation profiles. Furthermore, non-Ang-(1-7)-treated mice showed an irregular microvascular wall, narrow cavity, and swelling mitochondria, and these ultrastructural impairments were reversed by Ang-(1-7) administration., Conclusions: Pancreatic microcirculation profiles are abnormal in the progression of AP. Angiotensin-(1-7) administration could restore functional status of pancreatic microcirculation.
- Published
- 2020
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35. Antioxidant Solution in Combination with Angiotensin-(1-7) Provides Myocardial Protection in Langendorff-Perfused Rat Hearts.
- Author
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Andrä M, Russ M, Jauk S, Lamacie M, Lang I, Arnold R, Brcic I, Santos R, Wintersteiger R, and Ortner A
- Subjects
- Angiotensin I pharmacology, Animals, Antioxidants pharmacology, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Rats, Angiotensin I therapeutic use, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Heart drug effects, Peptide Fragments therapeutic use
- Abstract
As progressive organ shortage in cardiac transplantation demands extension of donor criteria, effort is needed to optimize graft survival. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, generated during organ procurement, transplantation, and reperfusion, contribute to acute and late graft dysfunction. The combined application of diverse substances acting via different molecular pathways appears to be a reasonable approach to face the complex mechanism of ischemia reperfusion injury. Thus, an antioxidant solution containing α -ketoglutaric acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, N -acetyl-L-methionine, and N -acetyl-selenium-L-methionine was combined with endogenous angiotensin-(1-7). Its capacity of myocardial protection was investigated in isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to warm and cold ischemia. The physiological cardiac parameters were assessed throughout the experiments. Effects were evaluated via determination of the oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde and carbonyl proteins as well as immunohistochemical and ultrastructural tissue analyses. It was shown that a combination of 20% ( v / v ) antioxidant solution and 220 pM angiotensin-(1-7) led to the best results with a preservation of heart tissue against oxidative stress and morphological alteration. Additionally, immediate cardiac recovery (after warm ischemia) and normal physiological performance (after cold ischemia) were recorded. Overall, the results of this study indicate substantial cardioprotection of the novel combination with promising prospective for future clinical use., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Michaela Andrä et al.)
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- 2020
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36. Angiotensin-(1-7) Improves Integrated Cardiometabolic Function in Aged Mice.
- Author
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Miller AJ, Bingaman SS, Mehay D, Medina D, and Arnold AC
- Subjects
- Aging drug effects, Angiotensin I administration & dosage, Animals, Antihypertensive Agents administration & dosage, Glucose metabolism, Hypertension drug therapy, Hypertension etiology, Hypertension metabolism, Insulin metabolism, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Peptide Fragments administration & dosage, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology, Blood Pressure drug effects, Insulin Resistance, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a beneficial renin-angiotensin system (RAS) hormone that elicits protective cardiometabolic effects in young animal models of hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The impact of Ang-(1-7) on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes during aging, however, remains unexplored. This study tested the hypothesis that Ang-(1-7) attenuates age-related elevations in blood pressure and insulin resistance in mice. Young adult (two-month-old) and aged (16-month-old) male C57BL/6J mice received Ang-(1-7) (400 ng/kg/min) or saline for six-weeks via a subcutaneous osmotic mini-pump. Arterial blood pressure and metabolic function indices (body composition, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance) were measured at the end of treatment. Adipose and cardiac tissue masses and cardiac RAS, sympathetic and inflammatory marker gene expression were also measured. We found that chronic Ang-(1-7) treatment decreased systolic and mean blood pressure, with a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure. Ang-(1-7) also improved insulin sensitivity in aged mice to levels in young mice, without effects on glucose tolerance or body composition. The blood pressure-lowering effects of Ang-(1-7) in aged mice were associated with reduced sympathetic outflow to the heart. These findings suggest Ang-(1-7) may provide a novel pharmacological target to improve age-related cardiometabolic risk.
- Published
- 2020
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37. Angiotensin (1-7) through modulation of the NMDAR-nNOS-NO pathway and serotonergic metabolism exerts an anxiolytic-like effect in rats.
- Author
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Zhu D, Sun M, Liu Q, Yue Y, Lu J, Lin X, and Shi J
- Subjects
- Angiotensin I administration & dosage, Animals, Anti-Anxiety Agents administration & dosage, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Monoamine Oxidase drug effects, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I drug effects, Peptide Fragments administration & dosage, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate drug effects, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Anti-Anxiety Agents pharmacology, Anxiety drug therapy, Anxiety metabolism, Hippocampus drug effects, Hippocampus metabolism, Monoamine Oxidase metabolism, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate metabolism, Serotonin metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects
- Abstract
Although recent studies have shown that angiotensin (1-7) (Ang [1-7]) exerts anti-stress and anxiolytic-like effects, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The ventral hippocampus (VH) is proposed to be a critical brain region for mood and stress management through the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling pathway. However, the role of VH NMDAR signaling in the effects of Ang (1-7) remains unclear. In the present study, Ang (1-7) was injected into the bilateral VH of stressed rats, or in combination with a Fyn kinase inhibitor, NMDAR antagonist, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, or nitric oxide (NO) scavenger. Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed using the open field test and elevated plus maze test, while alterations in NMDAR-nNOS-NO signaling and serotonergic metabolism were examined in the VH. After 21 days of chronic restraint stress, anxiety-like behaviors were evident. Levels of phosphorylated NR2B (a key NMDAR subunit), its upstream kinase Fyn, as well as activity of nNOS and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were markedly reduced. In contrast, levels of serotonin were increased. Bilateral VH infusion of Ang (1-7) recovered NMDAR-nNOS-NO signaling and MAO-mediated serotonin metabolism, as well as reducing anxiety-like behaviors in stressed rats. These effects were diminished by blockade of MasR (Ang [1-7]-specific receptor), Fyn kinase, NMDAR, nNOS, or NO production. Altogether, these findings indicate that Ang (1-7) exerts anxiolytic effects through modulation of the NMDAR-nNOS-NO pathway and serotonergic metabolism. Future translational research should focus on the relationship between Ang (1-7), glutamatergic neurotransmission, and serotonergic neurotransmission in the VH., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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38. Protective Effect of Angiotensin 1-7 on Sarcopenia Induced by Chronic Liver Disease in Mice.
- Author
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Aguirre F, Abrigo J, Gonzalez F, Gonzalez A, Simon F, and Cabello-Verrugio C
- Subjects
- Animals, Autophagy, Biomarkers, Chronic Disease, Fibrosis pathology, Liver Diseases metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal pathology, Muscle Proteins metabolism, Muscle Strength, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Muscular Atrophy pathology, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex metabolism, SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases metabolism, Sarcopenia etiology, Tripartite Motif Proteins metabolism, Ubiquitin metabolism, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Liver Diseases complications, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Sarcopenia therapy
- Abstract
Sarcopenia associated with chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the more common extrahepatic features in patients with these pathologies. Among the cellular alterations observed in the muscle tissue under CLD is the decline in the muscle strength and function, as well as the increased fatigue. Morphological changes, such as a decrease in the fiber diameter and transition in the fiber type, are also reported. At the molecular level, sarcopenia for CLD is characterized by: i) a decrease in the sarcomeric protein, such as myosin heavy chain (MHC); ii) an increase in the ubiquitin-proteasome system markers, such as atrogin-1/MAFbx1 and MuRF-1/TRIM63; iii) an increase in autophagy markers, such as LC3II/LC3I ratio. Among the regulators of muscle mass is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The non-classical axis of RAS includes the Angiotensin 1-7 [Ang-(1-7)] peptide and its receptor Mas, which in skeletal muscle has anti-atrophic effect in models of muscle wasting induced by immobilization, lipopolysaccharide, myostatin or angiotensin II. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of Ang-(1-7) on the sarcopenia by CLD in a murine model induced by the 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) hepatotoxin administered through diet. Our results show that Ang-(1-7) administration prevented the decline of the function and strength of muscle and increased the fatigue detected in the DDC-fed mice. Besides, we observed that the decreased fiber diameter and MHC levels, as well as the transition of fiber types, were all abolished by Ang-(1-7) in mice fed with DDC. Finally, Ang-(1-7) can decrease the atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression as well as the autophagy marker in mice treated with DDC. Together, our data support the protective role of Ang-(1-7) on the sarcopenia by CLD in mice.
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- 2020
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39. AVE0991, a nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) mimic, inhibits angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice.
- Author
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Ma H, Wang YL, Hei NH, Li JL, Cao XR, Dong B, and Yan WJ
- Subjects
- Angiotensin I chemistry, Animals, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal drug therapy, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal pathology, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal prevention & control, Blood Pressure, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Imidazoles chemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Lipids blood, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 genetics, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 metabolism, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 genetics, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 metabolism, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle drug effects, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Peptide Fragments chemistry, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin II adverse effects, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal etiology, Apolipoproteins E deficiency, Imidazoles pharmacology, Molecular Mimicry, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
AVE0991, a nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) mimic, has similar protective effects for cardiovascular system to Ang-(1-7). In this article, we aimed to explore the effects of AVE0991 and Ang-(1-7) on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) induced by Ang II in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. The mice AAA model was established by Ang II infusion, and then mice received different treatment with saline, Ang II (1.44 mg/kg/day), different dose AVE0991 (0.58 or 1.16 μmol/kg/day), or Ang-(1-7) (400 ng/kg/min). The incidence of AAA was 76%, 48%, 28%, and 24% in the vehicle, the low-dose AVE0991, high-dose AVE0991, and the Ang-(1-7) group, respectively. In comparison with control group, AVE0991 and Ang-(1-7) treatment significantly increased smooth muscle cells and decreased macrophage accumulation, the expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and the expression and activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in mice AAA model or in human smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). The therapeutic effects may be contributed to reduction of oxidative stress and downregulation of P38 and ERK1/2 signal pathways via Mas receptor activation, whereas the positive impacts were reversed by co-administration with the Mas antagonist A779 (400 ng/kg/min) and AVE0991 in Ang II-infused mice or in hVSMCs. Therefore, AVE0991 and Ang-(1-7) might be novel and promising interventions in the prevention and treatment of AAA. KEY MESSAGES: • AVE0991 dose-dependently inhibited Ang II-induced AAA formation in Apoe
-/- mice. • Ang-(1-7) played the same protective role as high-dose AVE0991. • Inhibition of Mas receptor with A779 could reverse the protective effect of AVE0991. • The therapeutic effects may be contributed to reduction of oxidative stress and downregulation of P38 and ERK1/2 signal pathways via Mas receptor activation.- Published
- 2020
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40. Angiotensin-[1-7] attenuates kidney injury in experimental Alport syndrome.
- Author
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Choi HS, Kim IJ, Kim CS, Ma SK, Scholey JW, Kim SW, and Bae EH
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- Acute Kidney Injury etiology, Acute Kidney Injury pathology, Animals, Apoptosis, Inflammation etiology, Inflammation pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Nephritis, Hereditary pathology, Acute Kidney Injury drug therapy, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology, Autoantigens physiology, Collagen Type IV physiology, Disease Models, Animal, Inflammation prevention & control, Nephritis, Hereditary complications, Peptide Fragments pharmacology
- Abstract
Angiotensin-[1-7] (Ang-[1-7]) antagonize the actions of the renin-angiotensin-system via the Mas receptor and thereby exert renoprotective effects. Murine recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 was reported to show renoprotective effects in an experimental Alport syndrome model; however, the protective effect of direct administration of Ang-[1-7] is unknown. Here, we used Col4a3
-/- mice as a model of Alport syndrome, which were treated with saline or Ang- [1-7]; saline-treated wild-type mice were used as a control group. The mice were continuously infused with saline or Ang-[1-7] (25 μg/kg/h) using osmotic mini-pumps. Col4a3-/- mice showed increased α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen, and fibronectin expression levels, which were attenuated by Ang-[1-7] treatment. Moreover, Ang-[1-7] alleviated activation of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling, and attenuated the protein expression of ED-1 and heme oxygenase-1, indicating reduction of renal inflammation. Ang-[1-7] treatment further reduced the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules and attenuated apoptosis in human kidney cells. Finally, Ang-[1-7] downregulated TNF-α converting enzyme and upregulated ACE2 expression. Thus, treatment with Ang-[1-7] altered the ACE2-Ang-[1-7]-Mas receptor axis in the kidneys of Col4a3-/- mice to attenuate the nephropathy progression of Alport syndrome.- Published
- 2020
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41. Oral formulation angiotensin-(1-7) therapy attenuates pulmonary and systemic damage in mice with emphysema induced by elastase.
- Author
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Bastos AC, Magalhães GS, Gregório JF, Matos NA, Motta-Santos D, Bezerra FS, Santos RAS, Campagnole Santos MJ, and Rodrigues-Machado MG
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Homeostasis drug effects, Interleukin-1beta metabolism, Locomotion drug effects, Lung metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pulmonary Alveoli drug effects, Pulmonary Alveoli metabolism, Pulmonary Emphysema metabolism, Swine, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Lung drug effects, Pancreatic Elastase pharmacology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Pulmonary Emphysema drug therapy
- Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, has anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antiproliferative effects in acute or chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory system. In this study, we evaluated the effect of treatment with Ang-(1-7) on pulmonary tissue damage and behavior of mice submitted to experimental model of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema (PE). Initially, male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into two main groups: control (CTRL) and PE. In the PE group, the animals received three intratracheal instillations of pancreatic porcine elastase (PPE) at 1-week intervals (0.2 IU in 50 μL of saline). The CTRL group received the same volume of saline solution (50 μL). Twenty-four hours after the last instillation, animals of the PE group were randomly divided into two groups: PE and PE + Ang-(1-7). The PE + Ang-(1-7) group was treated with 60 μg/kg of Ang-(1-7) and 92 μg kg of HPβCD in gavage distilled water, 100 μl. The CTRL and PE groups were treated with vehicle (HPβCD- 92 μg/kg in distilled water per gavage, 100 μl), orally daily for 3 weeks. On the 19th day of treatment, all groups were tested in relation to locomotor activity and exploratory behavior. After 48 h, the animals were euthanized and lungs were collected. The animals of PE group presented rupture of alveolar walls and consequently reduction of alveolar tissue area. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) partially restored the alveolar tissue area. The PE reduced the locomotor activity and the exploratory behavior of the mice in relation to the control group. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuated this change. In addition, it was observed that Ang-(1-7) reduced lung levels of IL-1β and increased levels of IL-10. These results show an anti-inflammatory effect of Ang-(1-7), inducing the return of pulmonary homeostasis and attenuation of the behavioral changes in experimental model of PE by elastase., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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42. Angiotensin (1-7) Decreases Myostatin-Induced NF-κB Signaling and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy.
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Aravena J, Abrigo J, Gonzalez F, Aguirre F, Gonzalez A, Simon F, and Cabello-Verrugio C
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Mice, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal metabolism, Muscle Proteins genetics, Muscle Proteins metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases genetics, SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases metabolism, Tripartite Motif Proteins genetics, Tripartite Motif Proteins metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases genetics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases metabolism, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal drug effects, Myostatin pharmacology, NF-kappa B metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Signal Transduction
- Abstract
Myostatin is a myokine that regulates muscle function and mass, producing muscle atrophy. Myostatin induces the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, such as myosin heavy chain or troponin. The main pathway that mediates protein degradation during muscle atrophy is the ubiquitin proteasome system, by increasing the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. In addition, myostatin activates the NF-κB signaling pathway. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) also regulates muscle mass. Angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) has anti-atrophic properties in skeletal muscle. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of Ang-(1-7) on muscle atrophy and signaling induced by myostatin. The results show that Ang-(1-7) prevented the decrease of the myotube diameter and myofibrillar protein levels induced by myostatin. Ang-(1-7) also abolished the increase of myostatin-induced reactive oxygen species production, atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and TNF-α gene expressions and NF-κB signaling activation. Ang-(1-7) inhibited the activity mediated by myostatin through Mas receptor, as is demonstrated by the loss of all Ang-(1-7)-induced effects when the Mas receptor antagonist A779 was used. Our results show that the effects of Ang-(1-7) on the myostatin-dependent muscle atrophy and signaling are blocked by MK-2206, an inhibitor of Akt/PKB. Together, these data indicate that Ang-(1-7) inhibited muscle atrophy and signaling induced by myostatin through a mechanism dependent on Mas receptor and Akt/PKB., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2020
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43. Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates Protein O-GlcNAcylation in the Retina by EPAC/Rap1-Dependent Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase.
- Author
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Dierschke SK, Toro AL, Barber AJ, Arnold AC, and Dennis MD
- Subjects
- Animals, Captopril pharmacology, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases physiology, Diabetic Retinopathy metabolism, Mice, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Signal Transduction drug effects, Signal Transduction physiology, Angiotensin I pharmacology, N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Retina metabolism
- Abstract
Purpose: O-GlcNAcylation of cellular proteins contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes and evidence supports a role for augmented O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the renin-angiotensin system on retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation., Methods: Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated chronically with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril or captopril plus the angiotensin-(1-7) Mas receptor antagonist A779. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze retinal homogenates. Similar analyses were performed on lysates from human MIO-M1 retinal Müller cell cultures exposed to media supplemented with angiotensin-(1-7). Culture conditions were manipulated to influence the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and/or signaling downstream of the Mas receptor., Results: In the retina of mice fed a high-fat diet, captopril attenuated protein O-GlcNAcylation in a manner dependent on Mas receptor activation. In MIO-M1 cells, angiotensin-(1-7) or adenylate cyclase activation were sufficient to enhance cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and inhibit O-GlcNAcylation. The repressive effect of cAMP on O-GlcNAcylation was dependent on exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), but not protein kinase A, and was recapitulated by a constitutively active variant of the small GTPase Rap1. We provide evidence that cAMP and angiotensin-(1-7) act to suppress O-GlcNAcylation by inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) activity. In cells exposed to an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor or hyperglycemic culture conditions, mitochondrial superoxide levels were elevated; however, angiotensin-(1-7) signaling prevented the effect., Conclusions: Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation via an EPAC/Rap1/OGT signaling axis.
- Published
- 2020
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44. Angiotensin-(1-7) induces beige fat thermogenesis through the Mas receptor.
- Author
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Vargas-Castillo A, Tobon-Cornejo S, Del Valle-Mondragon L, Torre-Villalvazo I, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Guevara-Cruz M, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Fuentes-Romero R, Bader M, Alenina N, Vidal-Puig A, Hong E, Torres N, and Tovar AR
- Subjects
- Adipose Tissue, Beige metabolism, Adipose Tissue, White drug effects, Adipose Tissue, White metabolism, Adult, Animals, Cell Respiration drug effects, Cell Respiration genetics, Cells, Cultured, Energy Metabolism genetics, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Middle Aged, Obesity genetics, Obesity metabolism, Obesity pathology, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics, Rats, Rats, Transgenic, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, Thermogenesis genetics, Young Adult, Adipose Tissue, Beige drug effects, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins physiology, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled physiology, Thermogenesis drug effects
- Abstract
Objective: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a component of the renin angiotensin system, is a vasodilator that exerts its effects primarily through the Mas receptor. The discovery of the Mas receptor in white adipose tissue (WAT) suggests an additional role for this peptide. The aim of the present study was to assess whether Ang-(1-7) can induce the expression of thermogenic genes in white adipose tissue and increase mitochondrial respiration in adipocytes., Materials/methods: Stromal Vascular fraction (SVF)-derived from mice adipose tissue was stimulated for one week with Ang-(1-7), then expression of beige markers and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. Mas
+/+ and Mas-/- mice fed a control diet or a high fat-sucrose diet (HFSD) were exposed to a short or long term infusion of Ang-(1-7) and body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, cold resistance and expression of beige markers were assessed. Also, transgenic rats overexpressing Ang-(1-7) were fed with a control diet or a high fat-sucrose diet and the same parameters were assessed. Ang-(1-7) circulating levels from human subjects with different body mass index (BMI) or age were measured., Results: Incubation of adipocytes derived from SVF with Ang-(1-7) increased the expression of beige markers. Infusion of Ang-(1-7) into lean and obese Mas+/+ mice also induced the expression of Ucp1 and some beige markers, an effect not observed in Mas-/- mice. Mas-/- mice had increased body weight gain and decreased cold resistance, whereas rats overexpressing Ang-(1-7) showed the opposite effects. Overexpressing rats exposed to cold developed new thermogenic WAT in the anterior interscapular area. Finally, in human subjects the higher the BMI, low circulating concentration of Ang-(1-7) levels were detected. Similarly, the circulating levels of Ang-(1-7) peptide were reduced with age., Conclusion: These data indicate that Ang-(1-7) stimulates beige markers and thermogenesis via the Mas receptor, and this evidence suggests a potential therapeutic use to induce thermogenesis of WAT, particularly in obese subjects that have reduced circulating concentration of Ang-(1-7)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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45. Cyclic angiotensin-(1-7) contributes to rehabilitation of animal performance in a rat model of cerebral stroke.
- Author
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Kuipers A, Moll GN, Levy A, Krakovsky M, and Franklin R
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Peptides, Cyclic pharmacology, Recovery of Function drug effects, Stroke drug therapy, Stroke physiopathology, Stroke Rehabilitation
- Abstract
Peptidase-resistant, lanthionine-stabilized angiotensin-(1-7), termed cAng-(1-7), has shown therapeutic efficacy in animal models of cardiovascular, metabolic, kidney and pulmonary disease. Goal of the present study was testing the capacity of subcutaneously administered cAng-(1-7) to induce rehabilitation of animal performance in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model of cerebral stroke. 24 h after ischemic stroke induction, cAng-(1-7) was administered for 28 days at a dose of 500 μg/kg/day, either daily via subcutaneous injection or continuously via an alzet pump. Both ways of administration of cAng-(1-7) were equally effective. Measurements were continued until day 50. Compared to vehicle, cAng-(1-7) clearly demonstrated significantly increased capillary density (p < 0.01) in the affected hemisphere and improved motor and somatosensory functioning. The modified neurological severity score (p < 0.001 at days 15 and 50), stepping test (p < 0.001 at days 36-50), forelimb placement test (p < 0.001 at day 50), body swing test (p < 0.001 at days 43 and 50) all demonstrated that cAng-(1-7) caused significantly improved animal performance. Taken together the data convincingly indicate rehabilitating capacity of subcutaneously injected cAng-(1-7) in cerebral ischemic stroke., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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46. Local angiotensin-(1-7) administration improves microvascular endothelial function in women who have had preeclampsia.
- Author
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Stanhewicz AE and Alexander LM
- Subjects
- Acetylcholine pharmacology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic drug effects, Humans, Nitric Oxide Synthase antagonists & inhibitors, Nitric Oxide Synthase metabolism, Nitroprusside pharmacology, Pregnancy, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Microvessels drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Pre-Eclampsia
- Abstract
Despite remission of clinical symptoms postpartum, women who have had preeclampsia demonstrate microvascular endothelial dysfunction, mediated in part by increased sensitivity to angiotensin II (ANG II). Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous inhibitor of the actions of ANG II and plausible druggable target in women who had preeclampsia. We therefore examined the therapeutic potential of Ang-(1-7) in the microvasculature of women with a history of preeclampsia (PrEC; n = 13) and parity-matched healthy control women (HC; n = 13) hypothesizing that administration of Ang-(1-7) would increase endothelium-dependent dilation and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation and decrease ANG II-mediated constriction in PrEC. Using the cutaneous microcirculation, we assessed endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in response to graded infusion of acetylcholine (ACh; 10
-7 to 102 mmol/L) in control sites and sites treated with 15 mmol/L NG -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; NO-synthase inhibitor), 100 µmol/L Ang-(1-7), or 15 mmol/L l-NAME + 100 µmol/L Ang-(1-7). Vasoconstrictor function was measured in response to ANG II (10-20 -10-4 mol/L) in control sites and sites treated with 100 µmol/L Ang-(1-7). PrEC had reduced endothelium-dependent dilation ( P < 0.001) and NO-dependent dilation ( P = 0.04 vs. HC). Ang-(1-7) coinfusion augmented endothelium-dependent dilation ( P < 0.01) and NO-dependent dilation ( P = 0.03) in PrEC but had no effect in HC. PrEC demonstrated augmented vasoconstrictor responses to ANG II ( P < 0.01 vs. HC), which was attenuated by coinfusion of Ang-(1-7) ( P < 0.001). Ang-(1-7) increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation via NO synthase-mediated pathways and attenuated ANG II-mediated constriction in women who have had preeclampsia, suggesting that Ang-(1-7) may be a viable therapeutic target for improved microvascular function in women who have had a preeclamptic pregnancy.- Published
- 2020
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47. Improving the Innate Immune Response in Diabetes by Modifying the Renin Angiotensin System.
- Author
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Soto M, Gaffney KJ, and Rodgers KE
- Subjects
- Angiotensin II immunology, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental pathology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Renin-Angiotensin System immunology, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin II pharmacology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental immunology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 immunology, Immunity, Innate drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects
- Abstract
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) suffer from a higher incidence and severity of pulmonary infections. This is likely due to immune impairment and structural abnormalities caused by T2DM-induced oxidative stress (OS) and chronic inflammation. Modulation of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) through blockade of the actions of angiotensin II (AII), or inducing the protective pathway, has the potential to reduce these pathological pathways. The effects of Angiotensin 1-7 [A(1-7)] and NorLeu
3 -A(1-7) [NorLeu], ligands of the protective RAS, on the innate immune response were evaluated in the db/db mouse model of T2DM. Only NorLeu treatment reduced the structural pathologies in the lung caused by T2DM. A decreased in bactericidal activity and phagocytosis in diabetic animals was also observed; both A(1-7) and NorLeu treatment restored these functions. Myeloid progenitor CFUs were reduced and neutrophil/progenitor OS was increased in saline-treated db/db mice, and was reversed by A(1-7) and NorLeu treatment. These results demonstrate the adverse effects of diabetes on factors that contribute to pulmonary infections and the therapeutic potential of protective RAS peptides. Overall, RAS-modification may be a viable therapeutic target to treat diabetic complications that are not addressed by glucose lowering drugs., (Copyright © 2019 Soto, Gaffney and Rodgers.)- Published
- 2019
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48. Stimulation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in hypertensive pregnant rats attenuates cardiovascular dysfunction in adult male offspring.
- Author
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Bessa ASM, Jesus ÉF, Nunes ADC, Pontes CNR, Lacerda IS, Costa JM, Souza EJ, Lino-Júnior RS, Biancardi MF, Dos Santos FCA, Pedrino GR, Colugnati DB, Mazaro-Costa R, Mendes EP, and Castro CH
- Subjects
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Animals, Blood Pressure drug effects, Diminazene pharmacology, Female, Heart drug effects, Kidney drug effects, Male, Myocardial Contraction, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Rats, Ventricular Function, Left, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Diminazene analogs & derivatives, Enzyme Activators pharmacology, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced drug therapy, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A drug effects
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with diminazene aceturate (DIZE), a putative ACE2 activator, or with angiotensin-(1-7) during pregnancy could attenuate the development of cardiovascular dysfunction in the adult offspring of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). For this, pregnant SHRs received DIZE or Ang-(1-7) throughout gestation. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in the male offspring from the 6th to16th weeks of age by tail-cuff plethysmography. Thereafter, the left ventricular contractile function and coronary reactivity were evaluated by the Langendorff technique. Samples of the left ventricles (LVs) and kidneys were collected for histology and western blot assay in another batch of adult rat offspring. Maternal treatment with DIZE or Ang-(1-7) during pregnancy attenuated the increase in SBP in adult offspring. In addition, both DIZE and Ang-(1-7) treatments reduced the cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis deposition in the LV, and treatment with Ang-(1-7) also reduced the fibrosis deposition in the kidneys. Maternal treatment with DIZE, as well as Ang-(1-7), improved the coronary vasodilation induced by bradykinin in isolated hearts from adult offspring. However, no difference was observed in the contractile function of the LVs of these animals. The expression levels of AT1 and Mas receptors, ACE, ACE2, SOD, and catalase in the LV were not modified by maternal treatment with Ang-(1-7), but this treatment elicited a reduction in AT2 expression. These data show that treatment with DIZE or Ang-(1-7) during gestation promoted beneficial effects of attenuating hypertension and cardiac remodeling in adult offspring.
- Published
- 2019
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49. Effects of Angiotensin-(1-7) and Angiotensin II on Acetylcholine-Induced Vascular Relaxation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
- Author
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Zhang F, Xu Y, Pan Y, Sun S, Chen A, Li P, Bao C, Wang J, Tang H, and Han Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Pressure drug effects, Cyclic GMP metabolism, Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases metabolism, Hypertension chemically induced, Hypertension metabolism, Male, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred SHR, Rats, Inbred WKY, Vasodilation physiology, Acetylcholine toxicity, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Angiotensin II pharmacology, Hypertension drug therapy, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Vasodilation drug effects
- Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction of small arteries occurs in patients with hypertension and in various hypertensive models. Endothelial function is usually evaluated by the degree of acetylcholine- (ACh-) induced vascular relaxation. Our previous study has found that compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), ACh-induced vasodilatation was attenuated significantly in the mesenteric artery (MA), coronary artery (CA), and pulmonary artery (PA) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This study investigated the influence of angiotensin- (Ang-) (1-7) and Ang II on blood pressure and ACh-induced vascular relaxation, as well as their interactive roles and downstream signal pathways in SHR and WKY. Intravenous injection of Ang II significantly increased, while Ang-(1-7) decreased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in SHR. Ang-(1-7) improved ACh-induced relaxation in the MA, CA, and PA of SHR, while Ang II further attenuated it, which were inhibited by pretreatment with Mas receptor antagonist A-779 or AT
1 receptor antagonist losartan, respectively. Ang-(1-7) decreased the basal arterial tension, and Ang II induced great vasoconstriction in SHR. Pretreatment with Ang-(1-7) inhibited the Ang II-induced pressor response, vasoconstriction, and the effects on ACh-induced relaxation in SHR. AT1 receptor expression was higher, while nitric oxide (NO), cGMP, and protein kinase G (PKG) levels of arteries were lower in SHR than in WKY. Ang II decreased, while Ang-(1-7) increased, the levels of NO, cGMP, and PKG of arteries. In addition, pretreatment with Ang-(1-7) inhibited the Ang II-induced reduction of NO, cGMP, and PKG in SHR. These results indicate that the activation of the Mas receptor by Ang-(1-7) can improve endothelial function and decrease MAP in SHR and inhibit the deteriorative effect of Ang II on endothelial function through the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Feng Zhang et al.)- Published
- 2019
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50. The opposite effects of angiotensin 1-9 and angiotensin 3-7 in prostate epithelial cells.
- Author
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Domińska K, Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Urbanek KA, Ochędalski T, and Piastowska-Ciesielska AW
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Cell Movement drug effects, Cell Movement genetics, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Proliferation genetics, Cell Survival drug effects, Cell Survival genetics, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Gene Expression drug effects, Humans, Male, Prostate cytology, Prostate metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Receptors, Angiotensin genetics, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A genetics, Vimentin genetics, Angiotensin I pharmacology, Epithelial Cells drug effects, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Prostate drug effects
- Abstract
There is growing evidence that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components have been involved in the development of various types of cancers, including prostate cancer. This article for the first time reports the impact of Ang1-9 and Ang3-7 on viability and proliferation, migration and invasion of epithelial prostate cells. The results of this study clearly show that Ang1-9 and Ang3-7 exert different/opposite effects on in vitro biological properties of prostate cells. It appears that Ang1-9 has pro-cancer activities via the ability to induce cell divisions, enhance cell motility and stimulate the expression of such genes as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1), vimentin (VIM) and REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit (REL). On the contrary, Ang3-7 did not show any mitogenic activity. Furthermore, this peptide hormone limited the migration of PNT1A cells probably by downregulation of VEGF and VIM expression. Finally, it is worth noting that both angiotensins have the ability to modulate gene expression for angiotensin receptors. Unfortunately, we could not unequivocally identify the type of angiotensin receptor responsible for signal transduction pathway involved in PNT1A cell survival and proliferation. Undoubtedly, further research and testing in this area are necessary., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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