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A study conducted by the College of Medicine in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explores the potential of radioiodinated anastrozole and epirubicin for personalized treatment of HER2-positive cancers. The study utilizes molecular docking and dynamics simulations to evaluate the compounds' binding affinities and mechanisms to the HER2 receptor. The results suggest that both compounds may have a promising role as HER2 inhibitors, with epirubicin exhibiting high binding affinity and dynamic receptor interactions. However, further empirical validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is necessary to confirm these computational predictions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explores advancements in brain tumor identification through medical imaging analysis. The study highlights the challenges faced by conventional methods, such as accuracy, efficiency, and privacy concerns. The researchers propose a novel approach that integrates Synthetic Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with federated convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to address these challenges. By generating synthetic brain MRI images and utilizing federated CNNs for collaborative model training, the researchers achieve an outstanding accuracy of 99.82% in identifying brain tumors. This research has significant implications for improving patient outcomes and advancing healthcare practices in neurology and oncology. [Extracted from the article]

A report from King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia discusses research findings on cancer treatment. The study focuses on enhancing the dissolution and therapeutic capabilities of gefitinib, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) used to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The researchers prepared gefitinib complexes using cyclodextrins and solid dispersions using various ratios of polymers. The formulations showed improved dissolution, cytotoxicity, and tablet formulation compared to untreated gefitinib. The study provides valuable insights for optimizing the effectiveness of gefitinib in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, discusses the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in detecting primary brain tumors in pediatric patients through MRI images. The study aimed to explore the accuracy of AI methods in detecting brain tumors in pediatric patients, as these tumors can be challenging to detect. The researchers used a dataset of MRI images from pediatric patients with brain tumors and applied machine learning algorithms, specifically the Artificial Neural Network method, to accurately detect the tumors. The study concluded that AI techniques can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and aid in better management of patients' conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, discusses a rare case of refractory nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) in a child. NMZL is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is rarely seen in pediatrics and is usually considered a mild disease. However, this case involved a 31-month-old boy with refractory EBV-positive NMZL and extensive disease. Conventional chemotherapy and Rituximab were not effective, but the disease was successfully managed with second-line chemotherapy and an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This is the first reported case of refractory NMZL in pediatrics that responded well to an allogeneic stem cell transplant. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the College of Science in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have conducted a study on the synthesis of silver, zinc oxide, and silver/zinc oxide nanoparticles using Solanum macrocarpon leave extract. The aim of the study was to enhance the antioxidant and anticancer activities of these nanoparticles. The researchers found that the synthesized nanoparticles showed promising results in terms of their antioxidant and anticancer potency. This study provides valuable insights into the potential development of new anticancer and antioxidant agents. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, investigated the contamination of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Salwa Bay. The study found that the sediments exhibited significant enrichment in arsenic (As) and moderate enrichment in lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr), while nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) showed deficiency to minimal enrichment. However, the study concluded that the heavy metals did not pose a risk to the benthic communities in the area and that there was no significant possibility of non-carcinogenic effects to the people inhabiting the coastline of Salwa Bay. The excess lifetime cancer risk for As, Cr, and Pb was found to be below the threshold indicating no carcinogenic health risk, except for a few sediment samples with elevated levels of Cr and As. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the relationship between genetic variations in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene and the risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in the Saudi population. Topics include the association of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ALL risk, significant differences in genotype frequencies for certain SNPs, and the potential for these genetic markers to aid in developing screening tools and risk prediction strategies for the disease.

Researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have developed polymeric micelles (PMs) for the combined delivery of luteolin (LUT) and doxorubicin (DOX) for cancer therapy. PMs are effective in delivering various drugs, including anticancer drugs. The researchers successfully developed and optimized PMs using specific compositions of Poloxamer, Vitamin E, and Gellucire. The PMs exhibited significant cytotoxic effects against breast and liver cancer cells, suggesting that they could be an important new pharmaceutical formulation for cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on improving lung cancer risk prediction through machine learning models with enhanced explainability. Topics include the use of machine learning for early lung cancer detection, the challenge of the "black-box" nature of these models, and comparisons of model performance and accuracy with explanations provided.

A study conducted by researchers at the College of Computer and Information Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, focuses on the early detection of lung cancer. The researchers propose a novel model called Lung Cancer Segmentation and Classification (LCSC) that incorporates improved U-Net and AlexNet architectures. The LCSC model demonstrates high accuracy in segmenting candidate nodules and classifying lung cancer as benign or malignant. The study concludes that this technique outperforms existing methods. The research was supported by Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has found that benzohydrazide derivatives have good biological activity against bacteria and different cancer cell lines. The study synthesized and characterized seven metal complexes of benzohydrazide derivatives, which showed respectable activity against bacteria and demonstrated higher cytotoxic activity against human liver cancer cells. The study also investigated the inhibitory activity of the benzohydrazide derivative and its complexes on quinone oxidoreductase 2, a protein associated with liver cancer. The results highlighted the potential of organometallic compounds in cancer chemotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia discusses the case of a 14-year-old girl with a rare brain tumor called subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA). The tumor was found to have a genetic mutation called TSC2, although the girl did not have tuberous sclerosis (TSC), the condition commonly associated with SEGA. The tumor was initially removed surgically, but when it recurred, the girl was treated with a medication called everolimus, which resulted in a reduction in the tumor. This research provides insights into the genetic alterations and treatment options for SEGA. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aimed to evaluate the outcomes and response of bone marrow in patients with T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) after combination chemotherapy. The study analyzed 26 cases of T-lymphoblastic leukemia and found that a decrease in blasts was observed in the bone marrow after chemotherapy, indicating a favorable initial reaction. The relapse rate for T-ALL was approximately 19%, with an overall survival rate of about 64%. The study suggests that the use of aggressive and more effective chemotherapy has led to better outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has developed a new deep learning framework for the classification and segmentation of skin cancer cells. The proposed model combines Residual Learning Machines, Swin Transformers, and Fast Neural Networks to effectively handle nonuniformly distributed data and improve diagnostic accuracy. The model was evaluated using various skin cancer datasets and achieved high classification accuracy, precision, F1-score, recall, and Matthew correlation coefficient. The research suggests that this approach has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis of skin cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have conducted a study on the potential effect of Tubulysin A (TubA) on autophagy in a group of cancer cell lines. Autophagy, the process of self-degradation of cellular components, plays a role in cancer development and response to chemotherapy. The study found that TubA, a myxobacteria-derived peptide, demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects on various cancer cell lines at low concentrations. It induced autophagy and triggered an intrinsic apoptotic pathway, leading to cell death in the MCF-7 cancer cell line. This research provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have developed a hybrid bio-inspired evolutionary algorithm to enhance the classification of cancer. The algorithm combines Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) for feature selection in microarray-based cancer classification. The algorithm was tested on six publicly available cancer microarray datasets and demonstrated improved classification performance compared to other methods. This research offers a promising solution to the gene selection problem in cancer classification and has the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cancer diagnosis and treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explores the use of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for cancer detection. The study proposes a resource-efficient model called EfficientNetB4 that incorporates local binary pattern features to enhance the accuracy of cancer detection. The model achieved a 99.8% accuracy rate, surpassing existing approaches. The research concludes that this study contributes to further research in CAD-based cancer detection. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has developed a nano-formulation called Quercetin-loaded transliposomes (QUR-TL) for the treatment of skin cancers. The QUR-TL showed promising results in terms of vesicle size, release pattern, permeability, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic potential against melanoma cells. The researchers concluded that QUR-TL could be a promising carrier for the topical application of Quercetin or other lipophilic drugs for the management of skin cancers. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, evaluated the sediment quality and health risks associated with heavy metal contamination in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The study found that the Gulf of Suez faces contamination challenges due to industrial, tourism, and shipping activities along its shores. The researchers analyzed 30 surface sediment samples and determined the distribution, concentration, and potential environmental and health risk impacts of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs). While some HMs showed moderately severe enrichment, the hazard index values for both adults and children indicated no significant non-carcinogenic risk for individuals along the Ras Sidr coastline. However, 19 samples exhibited potential carcinogenic risks for children due to elevated levels of arsenic (As). The study concluded that overall, the levels of carcinogenic risk were acceptable or tolerable and did not pose significant threats to health. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aimed to assess the effective dose and cancer risk for pediatric chest and pelvis CT procedures in the central region of Saudi Arabia. The study found that children are more susceptible to the harmful effects of radiation due to their higher cell-division rate and longer lifespans. The research revealed that the documented dose levels were relatively elevated compared to similar reports, indicating substantial variations even within the same procedure and age group category. The study concluded that prioritizing dose optimization practices is crucial to mitigate potential radiation-induced cancer risks. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explored the effects of an organic extract from Streptomyces bacteria on colon cancer cells. The researchers found that the extract had antiproliferative effects on the Caco-2 and HCT116 cell lines, leading to apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. The extract also increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated proteins associated with apoptosis. This research provides valuable insights into potential treatments for colorectal cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explores the role of the DSCC1 gene in various types of cancer. The study found that DSCC1 is overexpressed in several cancers, including kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. Elevated levels of DSCC1 were associated with poorer prognosis and shorter survival in these cancers. The study also revealed potential molecular mechanisms and pathways involving DSCC1, as well as its correlation with immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity. The findings lay the foundation for further research and personalized treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Saudi Electronic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has proposed a comprehensive framework for the detection of breast cancer using machine learning techniques. The researchers integrated deep learning and traditional machine learning techniques to effectively diagnose cancerous cells from benign cells using a curated dataset. The proposed models for breast cancer detection outperformed existing models, indicating promising results. Early detection and treatment of breast cancer are crucial in saving women's lives. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Shaqra University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, compared the Ras-related associated with diabetes (RRAD) gene across 82 different species to identify specific biomarkers for cancer therapy. The research analyzed coding sequences, genes, RNA, non-coding RNA, open reading frames, repeats, and transcription factors of RRAD genes. The study found that ACTG1 may function as a downstream effector of RRAD, potentially offering avenues for diabetes and cancer treatments. The research suggests that RRAD can be used as a therapeutic target in various organisms and highlights the importance of biomarker identification in drug development. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Alfaisal University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, discusses the challenges and outcomes of surgical resection for pediatric optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas (OPHG). The researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 retrospective studies, which included 797 pediatric patients with OPHG. The study found that gross total resection was achieved in 36.7% of cases, and visual acuity improved in 24.6% of patients postoperatively. Complications included hydrocephalus, anterior pituitary dysfunction, and transient diabetes insipidus. The researchers concluded that surgical resection is an important treatment strategy for symptomatic and large pediatric OPHG, but careful patient selection and monitoring for complications and tumor progression are necessary. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Shaqra University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has investigated the anti-proliferative and antioxidant properties of Ficus benghalensis hydroalcoholic bark extract against lung cancer cell line A549. The study found that the extract exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-cancer activity, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. These findings suggest that Ficus benghalensis bark extract may have potential as a therapeutic agent for lung cancer. The research was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Shaqra University and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A report from King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia discusses the use of deep learning and neural networks for medical image segmentation in the field of clinical oncology. The researchers propose a novel method that utilizes convolutional neural networks and an enhanced attention mechanism called multi-focal channel attention (MFCA). The method is evaluated on benchmark datasets for polyp image segmentation and achieves superior performance compared to previous techniques on two datasets and ranks second on a third dataset. The research concludes that this automated approach could potentially improve the early detection and treatment of colon cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explores the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as nanocarriers for medical applications. The researchers developed a synthesis method to create silver MOFs (Ag-MOFs) that demonstrated pH-responsive behavior and selectivity for specific targets. The Ag-MOFs were found to be effective in delivering the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), with high drug loading efficiency and controlled release. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the drug-loaded nanocarriers had inhibitory effects on cancer cells while demonstrating less toxicity themselves. The research suggests that Ag-MOF nanoparticles have potential applications in cancer therapy as a pH-responsive controlled drug delivery method. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin, an antibiotic, in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to non-ALL patients. The study found that there was no significant difference in the volume of distribution or clearance of gentamicin between the two groups, indicating that dosing requirements were similar. The researchers suggest that further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings. This research provides valuable information for healthcare professionals treating pediatric patients with ALL. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Center for Health and Technology in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, examined the trends in the utilization, prices, and spending for oral medications used in breast cancer treatment in the US Medicaid population from 2008 to 2019. The study found that the annual use of generic drugs increased significantly, while the number of prescriptions for brand-name drugs decreased. However, spending on brand-name drugs increased due to the introduction of expensive therapies. The study suggests implementing cost-containment strategies to control the economic burden of breast cancer therapies on the Medicaid budget. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have conducted a study on breast cancer detection using digital pathology and computerized analysis. The study focuses on identifying benign and malignant breast cancer lesions using microscopic image datasets. The researchers developed a low-dimensional multiple-channel feature-based method that utilizes deep transfer learning techniques to improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in breast cancer treatment. The method incorporates pre-trained models and achieves higher accuracy compared to baseline models. This research contributes to more accurate image classification and unique image recognition in breast cancer microscopic images. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have identified the protein CDCA8 as a potential biomarker for various types of cancer, including breast, colon, and lung cancers. The study analyzed the diagnostic and prognostic potential of CDCA8 and its clinical implications across different cancers. The research found that elevated CDCA8 expression was associated with poorer overall survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and skin cutaneous melanoma. The study also explored the epigenetic regulation, mutational landscape, immune infiltration, and potential therapeutic options related to CDCA8. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explores the role of the BAX gene in cancer development, prognosis, and potential therapeutic strategies. The study found that BAX expression was consistently increased in 33 different types of cancer, suggesting its universality in cancer development. Up-regulated BAX expression was associated with poor overall survival in liver hepatocellular carcinoma and skin cutaneous melanoma. The study also identified epigenetic and genetic factors that contribute to BAX expression and explored its interaction with apoptotic and immune-related pathways. The findings provide valuable insights for personalized treatment strategies and potential therapeutic interventions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have developed a novel ultrasensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the quantification of atezolizumab (ATZ), a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of different types of cancer. The assay involves the non-competitive binding of ATZ to its specific antigen, PD-L1 protein. The CLEIA was validated and found to have a limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 12.5 and 37.5 pg mL-1, respectively, with a working dynamic range of 25-800 pg mL-1. The assay provides accurate and precise quantitation of ATZ in human plasma samples without interference from endogenous substances or the plasma matrix. The researchers concluded that the assay employed a new chemiluminescence-enhancement reaction for detection. This research has implications for the assessment of ATZ's pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, and refining the safety profile in clinical settings. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Majmaah University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has found that sinensetin, a bioactive compound, has potential as an anticancer agent for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with 600,000 new cases and 340,000 fatalities each year. Sinensetin was found to induce apoptosis (cell death) in cervical cancer cells by triggering pathways involving reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and caspases. These findings suggest that sinensetin could be used as a potent drug for treating cervical cancer. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has developed a new method for detecting HER2 breast cancer using functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an electrochemical aptasensor. The SWCNTs were prepared using a concentration-based and single-step ultrasonication-directed assembly approach, resulting in a well-dispersed state and a thin coating on the substrate. The study found that the SWCNTs exhibited superior quality and organization, and the electrochemical sensor showed excellent performance. The researchers concluded that SWCNTs have significant potential in advancing electrochemical sensing technologies and combating breast cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia has explored the use of green synthesized nanomaterials to enhance the detection of the breast cancer drug palbociclib. The researchers utilized alumina/nickel oxide nanocomposites produced from millet seed extract to increase the fluorescence intensity of the drug. The developed spectrofluorimetric system showed high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting palbociclib, making it a potentially efficient method for its determination. The study also investigated the effect of interfering substances commonly found in the drug's capsules and found no significant differences in the assay process. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have conducted a study on the role of cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) in cancer progression. They found that CKS2 is overexpressed in multiple human cancers and is associated with cancer progression, shorter patient survival, and changes in immune factors. The study suggests that CKS2 could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have developed modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. The MSNs were functionalized with specific polymers and cross-linkers to optimize their design. Characterization studies confirmed successful surface modifications, and the MSNs demonstrated pH-responsive behavior for smart drug delivery. Loading and release studies using Doxorubicin showed controlled release, and cytotoxicity assays revealed the anti-cancer properties of the unloaded nano-systems. The study highlights the potential of MSNs in drug delivery and cancer treatment, emphasizing the importance of nanoparticle design for therapeutic efficacy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, focused on the development of potential treatments for cancer and diabetes. The study involved the design and synthesis of new compounds called spirooxindole-pyrrolidines analogs, which were tested for their anticancer activity against breast cancer and liver carcinoma cells. Compound 8e was found to be the most effective against triple-negative breast cancer and liver cancer. The study also included molecular docking and pharmacokinetic investigations of the compounds. The researchers concluded that these compounds show promise and warrant further investigation. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the College of Science in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has developed a new breast phantom material using local gelatin for medical imaging and quality assurance. The researchers fabricated various gelatin samples with different hardness and gelatin-to-water ratios and evaluated their density and mechanical properties. They also measured the linear and mass attenuation coefficients of the samples under different X-ray energies and compared them to human breast tissue data. The study suggests that gelatin samples with at least 20% gelatin powder could be a promising material for mimicking young breast tissue in medical phantoms. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explores the use of deep learning techniques for the early detection of skin cancer, specifically melanoma. The researchers developed a lightweight model called Smart MobiNet, which outperformed other architectures with an accuracy of 0.89. The model demonstrated balanced precision, sensitivity, and F1 scores, making it a valuable tool for clinicians in accurately detecting skin cancer. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in Computers Materials & Continua. [Extracted from the article]