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18 results on '"Oda E."'

1. Low Vital Capacity Was Associated with Incident Diabetes in a Japanese Health Screening Population in Whom Obesity Was Not Prevalent.

Author

Oda E

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose analysis, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus physiopathology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forced Expiratory Volume, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Humans, Incidence, Japan epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Mass Screening, Obesity physiopathology, Respiratory Function Tests methods, Vital Capacity physiology
Abstract

Objectives: There have been few studies regarding the relationship between respiratory function and incident diabetes in East Asian populations in whom obesity is not prevalent., Methods: This is a 6-year follow-up study in a Japanese health-screening population that included 1874 men and 1093 women. Using Cox regression models, hazard ratios (HRs) of incident diabetes for percent vital capacity (%VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were calculated. Diabetes was defined as simultaneous fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) ≥6.5% or use of antidiabetic medications., Results: During the 6-year follow-up period (mean of 4.8 years), 71 men (3.8%) and 18 women (1.7%) developed diabetes. The HRs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of incident diabetes for each 1 SD increase in %VC and the lowest tertile of %VC compared with the highest tertile were 0.81 (0.66 to 1.00) (p=0.045) and 1.78 (1.01 to 3.16) (p=0.048), respectively, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, antihypertensive drug use and A1C levels. After further adjustment for log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, the HRs (95% CI) of incident diabetes for each 1 SD increase in %VC and the lowest tertile of %VC were 0.82 (0.67 to 1.01) (p=0.063) and 1.69 (0.95 to 3.01) (p=0.073), respectively. The association between FEV1/FVC and incident diabetes was not significant., Conclusions: %VC, but not FEV1/FVC, was significantly associated with incident diabetes in a Japanese health-screening population in whom obesity was not prevalent., (Copyright © 2016 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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2. Serum Cholinesterase Is Inversely Associated with Body Weight Change in Men Undergoing Routine Health Screening.

Author

Oda E

Subjects
Body Mass Index, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity complications, Physical Examination, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cholinesterases blood, Mass Screening, Obesity blood, Weight Gain, Weight Loss
Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between serum cholinesterase and body weight change, in addition to incident obesity defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m(2) or greater., Methods: A retrospective 5-year follow-up study was conducted. The crude incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of obesity adjusted for the BMI and other confounders were calculated for cholinesterase quartiles in 1,412 men and 921 women. Partial correlation coefficients (PCCs) were calculated between cholinesterase and changes in the BMI during the 5-year follow-up period adjusted for age and other confounders and the change in the BMI were compared among cholinesterase quartiles in 1,223 men and 681 women., Results: During the 5-year follow-up period, 149 men (10.6%) and 65 women (7.1%) developed obesity. The adjusted HRs of obesity decreased, although the crude incidence of obesity increased along the quartiles of cholinesterase in men. The adjusted HRs of obesity for the first (lowest), second and third quartiles of cholinesterase were 2.02 (p=0.006), 1.45 (p=0.122), and 1.28 (p=0.265), respectively compared with the highest quartile in men. The PCC between the baseline level of cholinesterase and change in the BMI was -0.16 (p<0.001) in men. The mean changes in BMI for 5 years were 0.31 kg/m(2), 0.17 kg/m(2), 0.01 kg/m(2) and -0.04 kg/m(2), respectively in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles of cholinesterase in men (p=0.005). Neither incident obesity nor weight gain was significantly associated with cholinesterase in women., Conclusion: The serum cholinesterase level was inversely associated with body weight change, as well as incident obesity, after adjusted for the BMI in men.

Published
2015
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3. Neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment causes obesity, diabetes, and macrovesicular steatohepatitis with liver nodules in DIAR mice.

Author

Tsuneyama K, Nishida T, Baba H, Taira S, Fujimoto M, Nomoto K, Hayashi S, Miwa S, Nakajima T, Sutoh M, Oda E, Hokao R, and Imura J

Subjects
Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Mass Index, Cholesterol metabolism, Flavoring Agents administration & dosage, Humans, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Male, Metabolic Syndrome chemically induced, Metabolic Syndrome pathology, Mice, Inbred Strains, Sodium Glutamate administration & dosage, Triglycerides metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus chemically induced, Flavoring Agents adverse effects, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease chemically induced, Obesity chemically induced, Sodium Glutamate adverse effects
Abstract

Background and Aim: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). Monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated ICR mice is a useful model of MS and NASH, but it shows the different patterns of steatosis from human NASH. Because inbred aged DIAR (ddY, Institute for Animal Reproduction) mice spontaneously show the similar pattern of steatosis as NASH, we analyzed their liver pathology after administering MSG., Methods: MSG-treated DIAR mice (DIAR-MSG) and untreated DIAR mice (DIAR-controls) were sacrificed and assessed histopathologically at 29, 32, 40, 48, and 54 weeks of age. The NASH activity score, body mass index, blood glucose level, and oral glucose tolerance test were also assessed., Results: The body mass index and blood glucose levels of DIAR-MSG were significantly higher than controls. The oral glucose tolerance test revealed a type 2 diabetes pattern in DIAR-MSG. The livers of DIAR-MSG mice showed macrovesicular steatosis, lobular inflammation with neutrophils, and ballooning degeneration after 29 weeks. At 54 weeks, mild fibrosis was observed in 5/6 DIAR-MSG and 2/5 DIAR-control mice. In imaging mass spectrometry analysis, cholesterol as well as triglyceride accumulated in the liver of DIAR-MSG mice. Atypical liver nodules were also observed after 32 weeks in DIAR-MSG, some with cellular and structural atypia mimicking human hepatocellular carcinoma. The NASH activity score of DIAR-MSG after 29 weeks was higher than that of control mice, suggesting the development of NASH., Conclusions: DIAR-MSG had NASH-like liver pathology and liver nodules typically associated with MS symptoms. DIAR-MSG provides a valuable animal model to analyze NASH pathogenesis and carcinogenesis., (© 2014 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.)

Published
2014
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4. Bilirubin is negatively associated with A1C independently of fasting plasma glucose, age, obesity, inflammation, hemoglobin, and iron in apparently healthy Japanese men and women.

Author

Oda E

Subjects
Age Factors, Asian People, Female, Humans, Inflammation blood, Inflammation metabolism, Male, Obesity metabolism, Bilirubin blood, Blood Glucose metabolism, Fasting blood, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Hemoglobins metabolism, Iron blood, Obesity blood
Published
2010
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5. Obesity-related risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

Author

Oda E

Subjects
Adipose Tissue metabolism, Asian People, Cardiovascular Diseases ethnology, Cardiovascular Diseases metabolism, Female, Humans, Incidence, Japan epidemiology, Male, Metabolic Syndrome ethnology, Metabolic Syndrome metabolism, Obesity ethnology, Obesity metabolism, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking ethnology, Urban Health, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Metabolic Syndrome complications, Obesity complications
Published
2009
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6. Age- and gender-related differences in correlations between abdominal obesity and obesity-related metabolic risk factors in Japanese.

Author

Oda E and Kawai R

Subjects
Abdominal Fat pathology, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Anthropometry, Asian People, Blood Pressure, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Comorbidity, Coronary Disease metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Humans, Lipids blood, Liver Function Tests, Male, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome metabolism, Middle Aged, Obesity metabolism, Obesity pathology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Abdominal Fat anatomy & histology, Coronary Disease epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology
Abstract

Background: There have been conflicting data regarding the relationship between obesity and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Japan. Obesity was reported to be a risk factor of CHD in young and middle-aged males, but not in females or older males. The age- and gender-related differences in the correlations between obesity and obesity-related metabolic risk factors might contribute to these conflicting data., Methods: Medical check-up data from 1,360 men and 821 women were divided into younger (= or < 51-year-old) and older (> 51-year-old) groups according to the median age and Spearman's correlation coefficients between waist circumference (WC) and obesity-related metabolic risk factors were calculated., Results: The correlation coefficients between WC and triglyceride and between WC and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly stronger in younger men than in older men. There was no statistically significant difference in correlation coefficients between younger and older women. The correlation coefficients between WC and triglyceride, WC and HDL cholesterol, WC and hs-CRP, WC and gamma glutamyltransferase, and WC and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly stronger in younger men than in younger women. The correlation coefficient between WC and ALT was significantly stronger in older men than in older women. And the correlations between WC and SBP, WC and DBP, and WC and GGT tended to be stronger in younger men than in older men., Conclusion: The correlations between abdominal obesity and obesity-related metabolic risk factors were stronger in younger men than in older men and women among Japanese.

Published
2009
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7. Letter by Oda regarding article "relationships between indices of obesity and its cardiovascular comorbidities in a Chinese population".

Author

Oda E

Subjects
Adult, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, China epidemiology, Cholesterol blood, Comorbidity, Dyslipidemias epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Triglycerides blood, Waist-Hip Ratio, Asian People statistics & numerical data, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology, Urban Population statistics & numerical data
Published
2008
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8. The metabolic syndrome as a concept of adipose tissue disease.

Author

Oda E

Subjects
C-Reactive Protein analysis, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome complications, Obesity diagnosis, Waist-Hip Ratio, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis, Obesity complications
Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of interrelated metabolic risk factors that appear to directly promote the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, in 2005, the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes jointly stated that no existing definition of the metabolic syndrome meets the criteria of a syndrome, and there have been endless debates on the pros and cons of using the concept of this syndrome. The controversy may stem from confusion between the syndrome and obesity. Obesity is an epidemic, essentially contagious disease caused by an environment of excess nutritional energy and reinforced by deeply rooted social norms. The epidemic of obesity should be prevented or controlled by social and political means, similar to the approaches now being taken to combat global warming. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is useless for this public purpose. The purpose of establishing criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome is to find individuals who are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and who require specific therapy including diet and exercise. The syndrome may be an adipose tissue disease different from obesity; in that case, it would be characterized by inflammation clinically detected through systemic inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and insulin resistance reflecting histological changes in adipose tissue. However, many problems in defining the optimal diagnostic criteria remain unresolved.

Published
2008
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9. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) may be superior to anthropometric parameters as a marker of metabolic consequences due to obesity. Comment on the article by Komatsu et al.

Author

Oda E

Subjects
Adiponectin analysis, Animals, Biomarkers metabolism, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome blood, Mice, Mice, Obese, Mice, Transgenic, Obesity blood, Obesity genetics, Obesity metabolism, Body Weights and Measures, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis, Metabolic Syndrome etiology, Obesity complications
Published
2008
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11. Definition of metabolic syndrome.

Author

Oda E

Subjects
Anthropometry methods, Biomarkers analysis, Biomarkers metabolism, C-Reactive Protein analysis, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Japan epidemiology, Male, Mass Screening, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology
Published
2007
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17. Relationships between serum unsaturated fatty acids and coronary risk factors: negative relations between nervonic acid and obesity-related risk factors.

Author

Oda E, Hatada K, Kimura J, Aizawa Y, Thanikachalam PV, and Watanabe K

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Coronary Disease physiopathology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Eicosapentaenoic Acid blood, Female, Humans, Leptin blood, Linoleic Acid blood, Male, Middle Aged, Oleic Acid blood, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Coronary Disease etiology, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated blood, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated blood, Obesity metabolism
Abstract

Relative increases in unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) in the diet are considered to exert beneficial effects on coronary risk factors (CRF). However, detailed analysis of the relationships between serum USFA and CRF are scanty and there is no report of the relationship between nervonic acid (NA) and CRF. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationships between serum USFA and CRF. Body height and weight, blood pressure, fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), triacyl-glycerol (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDLc), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total fatty acid composition, leptin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 31 men (age, 41-78 years) and 11 women (age, 54-77 years). The relationships between serum USFA, and body mass index (BMI), leptin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TC, TG, HDLc, FBS, and CRP were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The final results were summarized using coronary risk factor scores (CRFS) in order to assess the correlations between USFA with CRF. Oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were positively related to coronary risk factors (total CRFS = 2, 3, and 4, respectively), while nervonic acid (NA) exerted negative effects on these risk factors (total CRFS = -6 ). It is concluded NA may have preventive effects on obesity-related metabolic disorders.

Published
2005
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18. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Author

Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Solomon, Bethlehem D., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Danaei, Goodarz, Bovet, Pascal, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hambleton, Ian R., Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, McGarvey, Stephen T., Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Bo, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V. G., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Biehl, Anna, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bopp, Matthias, Borchini, Rossana, Borghs, Herman, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gamze, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V., Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cesar, Juraci A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Yiling J., Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crampin, Amelia C., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., Cucu, Alexandra, Cui, Liufu, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R., De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A., Duda, Rosemary B., Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C., Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad R., Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Flores, Eric Monterubio, Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera-Juan, Guillem, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galeone, Daniela, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goltzman, David, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez, Angel R., Gonzalez-Chica, David A., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Guo, Xiuhua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A., Haghshenas, Rosa, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M., Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G., Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Hopman, Wilma M., Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Ishida, Takafumi, Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jaaskelainen, Tuija, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M., Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarani, Juel, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-Lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O., Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jovic, Dragana P., Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Kameli, Yves, Kapantais, Efthymios, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han C. G., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse M. S. L., Kiechl, Stefan, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Koenig, Jurgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A., Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. 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[0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, obesity, Obesity, body mass index, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Letter, Urban Population, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, body-mass index, adolescente, Geographic Mapping, Sex Factor, países desarrollados, Rural Health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], systematic analysis, Body Mass Index, países en desarrollo, 80 and over, risk factors, Age Factor, physical-activity, mediana edad, mapeo geográfico, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], dieta, Age Factors, health, adulto, Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary Sciences, adulto joven, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], estado nutricional, nutrition, Science & Technology - Other Topics, NUTRITION, Female, HEALTH, pooled analysis, Diet, Healthy, worldwide trends, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Adolescent, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https], FOOD SYSTEM, Socio-culturale, Nutritional Status, URBAN, Aged, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Humans, Obesity, Sex Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, POOLED ANALYSIS, Developing Countrie, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index, obesidad, Middle-income countries, food system, urban, weight, Healthy, Science & Technology, índice de masa corporal, Diet, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Risk factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, WEIGHT
Abstract

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.

Published
2019

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