272 results on '"Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications"'
Search Results
2. Risk factors for pneumonia among children with coinfection of influenza A virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
- Author
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Fu S, Jia W, Li P, Cui J, Wang Y, and Song C
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Female, Child, Preschool, Child, Infant, Coinfection epidemiology, Coinfection microbiology, Coinfection virology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma epidemiology, Influenza, Human complications, Influenza A virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for pneumonia in children co-infected with influenza A virus (IAV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)., Methods: Children who were diagnosed with IAV and MP infection between January and December, 2023 were enrolled and divided into a non-pneumonia group and a pneumonia group. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate each index, and the risk factors for pneumonia caused by coinfection in the two groups were explored., Results: A total of 209 patients were enrolled, of which 107 and 102 patients were in the pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups, respectively. The patients in the pneumonia group were older and had a longer duration of fever (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that the median age, duration of fever, and CD3
+ , CD4+ , CD8+ and IL-10 levels were significantly correlated with pneumonia (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the median age, duration of fever, and CD4+ , CD8+ and IL-10 levels were independent risk factors for pneumonia. Area under the curve of the five combined indicators in the ROC (receiver operator characteristic) analysis was 0.883, was higher than single factor., Conclusion: Children with IAV and MP infection whose age older than 6.08 years, had a fever longer than 4 days, had a CD4+ count < 22.12%, had a CD8+ count < 35.21%, had an IL-10 concentration > 22.08 ng/ml were more likely to develop pneumonia., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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3. A left-sided destroyed lung in a 11-year-old girl: A rare sequela after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
- Author
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Zuo M, Wang H, and Zhu H
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Humans, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Community-Acquired Infections complications, Community-Acquired Infections microbiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Lung diagnostic imaging, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children, usually experiencing a favorable prognosis.Cases of M. pneumoniae infection resulting in respiratory failure, severe pulmonary or extrapulmonary sequelae, and death are relatively rare.Currently, no cases related to a destroyed lung with Mycoplasma-associated infection have been reported.Therefore, we report a case of a destroyed lung in an 11-year-old girl with Mycoplasma-associated infection., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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4. Pulmonary Thrombotic Complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Chinese Children: Clinical Feature and Risk Factor Analysis.
- Author
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Yu Y, Jin X, Zhang X, and Shen Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Child, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studies, China epidemiology, Child, Preschool, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Thrombosis etiology, Adolescent, East Asian People, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma epidemiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products analysis
- Abstract
Background: Thrombotic disease is a rare but severe complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, with pulmonary thrombosis (PT) being the most frequent type. This study aims to describe the clinical features of pediatric severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) patients with PT, and to identify risk factors predictive of PT development in this population., Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 60 children with SMPP complicated by PT who were admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to October 2023. We reviewed their demographic data, laboratory tests and imaging examinations to describe their clinical features. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify significant risk factors for PT in SMPP., Results: The PT group exhibited higher incidences of chest pain, hemoptysis, inflammation and elevated D-dimer levels, as well as more severe pulmonary damage and transaminitis complication, compared to the non-PT group. The left pulmonary artery was the predominant location of PT in SMPP children. A multivariate analysis revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer were significant predictors of PT in SMPP patients, with odds ratios of 1.10 and 3.37, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of CRP and D-dimer for predicting PT in SMPP were 76.73 mg/L and 3.98 µg/mL, respectively., Conclusions: In SMPP, CRP >76.73 mg/L and D-dimer >3.98 µg/mL are independent predictors of PT. These findings suggest that SMPP-induced excessive inflammation may contribute to PT pathogenesis. Early and intensive anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antimycoplasma therapy may improve the disease course and prognosis., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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5. Age-related effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and subsequent asthma exacerbation in children.
- Author
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Ha EK, Jin JO, Kim JH, Shin J, Lee GC, Cha HR, Choi SH, and Han MY
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- Humans, Female, Retrospective Studies, Male, Child, Republic of Korea epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Infant, Age Factors, Adolescent, Disease Progression, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Proportional Hazards Models, Asthma epidemiology, Asthma microbiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma epidemiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes community-acquired pneumonia in children and increases asthma risk, but large studies are lacking., Objective: To assess the link between M. pneumoniae infection and to asthma exacerbation, in children with allergies, and age of infection impact., Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records of South Korean children between January 2002 and December 2017. The study's exposure was hospitalization with an M. pneumoniae-related diagnosis, and the outcome was defined as asthma exacerbation, confirmed by hospitalization at least 6 months after M. pneumoniae infection, with alternative validation using asthma diagnosis and systemic steroid prescription records. Hazard ratios (HRs) for asthma exacerbation risk were estimated for the matched cohort using a Cox proportional hazards model stratified by allergic comorbidities. Time-dependent covariates and age-stratified exposure groups were used to calculate odds ratios., Results: The study included 84,074 children with M. pneumoniae infection and 336,296 unexposed children. Follow-up for 12.2 ± 2.3 years found the exposed group had a significant risk of asthma exacerbation (HR 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67-3.06) regardless of allergic comorbidities. The risk was highest (over threefold) in children infected between 24 and 71 months. Sensitivity analysis using an alternative definition of the outcome showed an HR of 1.38 (95% CI 1.35-1.42), further supporting the association between M. pneumoniae infection and asthma exacerbation., Conclusion: M. pneumoniae infection was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent asthma exacerbation regardless of allergic comorbidities. Further research needed for understanding and confirmation., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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6. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae-Associated Reactive Infectious Mucocutaneous Eruption Sine Rash.
- Author
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Wang WY and Hu SC
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Female, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Exanthema etiology
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- 2024
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7. Clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children without fever.
- Author
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Li J, Zhang H, Guo J, and Ma X
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Adolescent, Lung, C-Reactive Protein, Fever etiology, Retrospective Studies, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Most children have fever. In 2021, we found that the proportion of children without fever increased. The aim of this study is to summarize the differences in the clinical characteristics of children with MP pneumonia who are febrile or not, and to raise awareness of children who are not febrile., Method: Demographic information of the children was collected on admission. Clinical manifestations during the course of the disease and the first laboratory, imaging, and pulmonary function tests before discharge were recorded and compared., Results: From August to December, a total of 542 people were included in the study. We found that older children were more likely to have fever. Inflammatory indicators including procalcitonin (P = 0.030), C-reaction protein (P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001), ferritin (P = 0.040) and the rate of atelectasis (P = 0.049) of febrile children were higher in febrile children. However, the elevated lactate dehydrogenase and pulmonary function impairment (P all > 0.05), especially the small airway function impairment, are no lower in afebrile children than in febrile children., Conclusion: The fever rate is lower in younger children, but wheezing is more common. In afebrile children, the impairment of organ and lung function was no less than in febrile children. Therefore, attention should also be paid to children who are not febrile., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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8. [Predictive factors for sequelae of bronchitis obliterans in refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].
- Author
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Liu JH, Liu JR, Tang XL, Yang HM, Liu H, Xu H, Li HM, and Zhao SY
- Subjects
- Child, Male, Female, Humans, Child, Preschool, Retrospective Studies, Disease Progression, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Fever, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the predictive factors for bronchitis obliterans in refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods: A restrospective case summary was conducted 230 patients with RMPP admitted to the Department of No.2 Respiratory Medicine of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2013 to June 2017 were recruited. Clinical data, laboratory results, imaging results and follow-up data were collected. Based on bronchoscopy and imaging findings 1 year after discharge, all patients were divided into two groups: one group had sequelae of bronchitis obliterans (sequelae group) and the other group had not bronchitis obliterans (control group), independent sample t -test and nonparametric test were used to compare the differences in clinical features between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to explore the predictive value of Bronchitis Obliterans in RMPP. Results: Among 230 RMPP children, there were 115 males and 115 females, 95 cases had sequelae group, the age of disease onset was (7.1±2.8) years;135 cases had control group, the age of disease onset was (6.8±2.7) years. The duration of fever, C-reative protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, the proportion of ≥2/3 lobe consolidation, pleural effusion and the proportion of airway mucus plug and mucosal necrosis were longer or higher in the sequelae group than those in the control group ((17±9) vs. (12±3) d, (193±59) vs. (98±42) mg/L,730 (660, 814) vs. 486 (452, 522) U/L, 89 cases (93.7%) vs. 73 cases (54.1%), 73 cases (76.8%) vs. 59 cases (43.7%), 81 cases (85.3%) vs. 20 cases (14.8%), 67 cases (70.5%) vs. 9 cases (6.7%), t =5.76, 13.35, Z =-6.41, χ
2 =14.64, 25.04, 22.85, 102.78, all P <0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of fever ≥10 days ( OR =1.200, 95% CI 1.014-1.419), CRP levels increased ( OR =1.033, 95% CI 1.022-1.044) and LDH levels increased ( OR =1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.003) were the risk factors for sequelae of bronchitis obliterans in RMPP. ROC curve analysis showed that CRP 137 mg/L had a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 80.1%; LDH 471 U/L had a sensitivity of 62.7% and a specificity of 60.3% for predicting the development of bronchitis obliterans. Conclusions: The long duration of fever (≥10 d), CRP increase (≥137 mg/L) may be used to predict the occurrence of sequelae of bronchitis obliterans in RMPP. It is helpful for early recognition of risk children.- Published
- 2023
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9. Bronchoalveolar lavage improved ventilation/perfusion matching in pediatric severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with lung consolidation.
- Author
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Tang X, Ren H, Qian J, Wang Y, Xiang L, and Zhao Z
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, Lung diagnostic imaging, Perfusion, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Published
- 2023
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10. Clinical significance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae specific IgM titer in children hospitalized with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
- Author
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Choo S, Kim SH, and Lee E
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Bacterial, Child, Humans, Immunoglobulin M, Retrospective Studies, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to identify the clinical significance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer, in addition to a diagnosis of MP infection, in children with MP pneumonia., Methods: This study was performed in 155 children hospitalized with MP pneumonia. The clinical features and laboratory and radiographic findings on admission in children with positive or negative MP-specific IgM titers were retrospectively reviewed from the electronic medical records., Results: The mean age of the included children was 6.0 years, and 118 (76.1%) of the children were positive for MP-specific IgM. A longer duration between symptom onset and admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.75), longer duration of symptoms during the illness (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.30), and development of extra-pulmonary manifestations (aOR 9.16, 95% CI 1.96-42.81) were significantly associated with a positive MP-specific IgM titer. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (aOR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.01) and pneumonic infiltration involving > 50% of the total lung volume on chest radiography (aOR 4.68, 95% CI 1.12-19.55) were associated with positive MP-specific IgM in children with MP pneumonia. A poor response to stepwise treatment for MP pneumonia was more common in children with a positive MP-specific IgM titer than those with a negative MP-specific IgM titer on admission., Conclusions: A positive MP-specific IgM titer at diagnosis of MP pneumonia may partially suggest an exaggerated immune response with a higher disease burden compared to children with MP pneumonia with a negative MP-specific IgM titer., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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11. Pseudomembranous necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report and literature review.
- Author
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Lei W, Fei-Zhou Z, Jing C, Shu-Xian L, Xi-Ling W, and Lan-Fang T
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- Aftercare, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Patient Discharge, Retrospective Studies, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Pseudomembranous necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis refers to an acute diffuse necrotizing inflammation in the mucosa of the larynx, trachea, and bronchus. It often occurs in infants and children having viral infections secondary to bacterial infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen that causes pneumonia in children. In recent years, serious complications due to M. pneumoniae infection, including necrotizing pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and pleural effusion, have been increasingly reported., Case Presentation: An 11-year-old girl was admitted to our unit with cough, fever, and hoarseness persistent for a week. The results of the M. pneumoniae serological test, PCR examination with bronchial aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for BALF, all suggested the presence of M. pneumoniae infection. High-resolution CT scanning of the chest showed inflammation of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung. By bronchoscopy, the necrosis of the vocal cords, trachea, and bronchial mucosa was observed; each bronchial lumen contained a large amount of white viscous sputum. Pathological findings for bronchial mucosa suggested inflammatory necrosis. After administration of azithromycin and glucocorticoids, the symptoms of the patients were ameliorated. After 2 weeks post-discharge, the X-ray scan of her chest indicated the pneumonia resolution in the right lung., Conclusions: In patients with pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae infection, which causes obvious hoarseness, bronchoscopy is necessary even if the lung lesions are not massively consolidated. When necrotizing lesions of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are detected by bronchoscopy, the necrotic tissues in the corresponding parts should be conducted tissue biopsy for pathological examination. Apart from macrolide antibiotics, the administration of small doses of glucocorticoids is necessary., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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12. Increased Total Serum Immunoglobulin E Is Likely to Cause Complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children.
- Author
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Zhou L, Li Y, Xu Z, Peng X, Gong X, and Yang L
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- Child, Humans, Immunoglobulin E, Retrospective Studies, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and the complications in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP)., Methods: A retrospective study of MPP patients hospitalized from May 2019 to July 2021 was performed. We analyzed the clinical manifestations, complications, laboratory findings, and treatments., Results: A total of 275 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. We divided patients into two groups based on whether there were complications. Complications occurred in 147 patients, of which pulmonary complications were more common than extrapulmonary complications. The IgE level in the complication group was higher than that in the non-complication group with p = 0.041. Patients with complications of necrotizing pneumonitis, pneumothorax, skin rash, or bronchiolitis obliterans had higher IgE levels. There was no statistically significant difference in IgE levels between pulmonary complications and extrapulmonary complications. The older the age, the greater the probability of complications ( p = 0.001). The group with complications was more likely to have chest pain ( p = 0.000), while the group without complications was more likely to have wheezing ( p = 0.017). The use of bronchoscopy and glucocorticoids was higher in the complication group than in the non-complication group ( p = 0.000)., Conclusions: MPP patients with higher IgE levels had more severe clinical symptoms and complications. We speculated that IgE might be a biomarker for complications after MP infection., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Zhou, Li, Xu, Peng, Gong and Yang.)
- Published
- 2021
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13. Altered chemokine profile in Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia infected children.
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Lee YC, Chang CH, Lee WJ, Liu TY, Tsai CM, Tsai TA, Tsai CK, Kuo KC, Chen CC, Niu CK, and Yu HR
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- Adolescent, Chemokines classification, Child, Child, Preschool, Community-Acquired Infections complications, Community-Acquired Infections immunology, Community-Acquired Infections microbiology, Female, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma epidemiology, Chemokines blood, Chemokines immunology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma immunology
- Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the major pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia in children. Although usually self-limited, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) may lead to complicated morbidity that can even be life-threatening. Upon MPP infection, alveolar macrophage becomes attracted and activated and will induce subsequent cytokine and chemokine reaction. Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) is manifested by clinical or radiological deterioration despite proper antibiotic therapy. RMPP is characterized with excessive inflammation and may need subsequent glucocorticoid treatment., Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the change of plasma chemokines in non-refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (NRMPP) and RMPP before and after antibiotic or methylprednisolone treatment., Method: A total of 42 children with MPP were enrolled in this study. Plasma specimens were collected at admission and one to two weeks after antibiotic or methylprednisolone treatment with declined fever. Plasma specimens were then indicated to chemokines detection., Results: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia altered the chemokine profile through the observation of decreased plasma M1 related chemokines (CCL2, CCL8 and CXCL10) and increased M2 related chemokines (CCL17 and CCL22) after treatment.When the patients were divided into RMPP and NRMPP groups and the chemokines before treatment were compared, the RMPP group showed higher CXCL10 but lower CCL3 and CCL11 than the NRMPP group., Conclusion: Unique changes in macrophage related chemokines is observed in the course of MPP infection. NRMPP and RMPP infection in children showed distinct manifestation in chemokine profiles., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2021
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14. Chest CT Findings and Differential Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Combined with Streptococcal Pneumonia in Children.
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Wang J, Xia C, Sharma A, Gaba GS, and Shabaz M
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- Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Lung diagnostic imaging, Lung pathology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background: In this day and age, 17% of children less than 5 years of age died of pneumonia; it is the common cause of children death. It is one of the main children respiratory infectious diseases, i.e., mycoplasma pneumonia (MP). The imaging examination can be adopted to quickly observe the morphology and scope of the pulmonary lesions and know the effect of disease treatment and subsequent changes in the disease in order to provide a basis for treatment. Therefore, the most commonly applied technology for detecting pneumonia in children is imaging technology, including chest X-ray and CT., Objectives: The main objective of the work is to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of children patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and MP combined with streptococcal pneumonia (SP). The mixed infection of MP and SP is very common clinically, and the diagnosis of this type of mixed pneumonia is a critical research topic faced by pediatric respiratory physicians. The comparison is done on the incidence of bronchial and pulmonary interstitial lesions, the degree of lymph node enlargement, the volume and depth of pleural effusion, and the location and morphology of the pulmonary lesions in the chest CT images of children patients from the two groups., Methods: There were comparisons on the incidence of bronchial and pulmonary interstitial lesions, the degree of lymph node enlargement, the volume and depth of pleural effusion, and the location and morphology of the pulmonary lesions in the chest CT images of children patients from the two groups. All the experiments are done in the MATLAB., Results: The results showed that the proportions of reticular shadow, ground glass shadow, bronchial inflation phase, tube wall thickening, and vascular bundle thickening on the CT images of children patients from the MPP group were dramatically higher than those of the MP + SP group ( P < 0.05). The maximum transverse diameter of enlarged lymph node in children patients from the MPP group was obviously larger than the diameter of the MP + SP group ( P < 0.05). The number of children patients with pleural effusion was 22 in the MP + SP group, which was greatly higher than the MPP group ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: In conclusion, the chest CT images of children patients from the MPP group were mainly pulmonary interstitial changes. Furthermore, the alveolar inflammation could be observed on the CT images shown when children patients were combined with SP infection. The more obvious manifestations were that the flaky shadows appeared in the lungs, the pleural effusion became thicker, and the transverse diameters of enlarged lymph nodes were bigger., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Jing Wang et al.)
- Published
- 2021
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15. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis.
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Go JR, Ali NS, and Berbari EF
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- Adult, Conjunctivitis, Bacterial etiology, Conjunctivitis, Bacterial microbiology, Conjunctivitis, Bacterial pathology, Exanthema microbiology, Exanthema pathology, Humans, Male, Mouth pathology, Mucositis microbiology, Mucositis pathology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma pathology, Skin pathology, Exanthema etiology, Mucositis etiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
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- 2021
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16. A Previously Healthy 18-Year-Old Male With Fever, Arrhythmia, and Shock.
- Author
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Umapathi KK, Schmidt H, Salazar N, Sosnowski C, Wilkerson MK, and Logan LK
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- Adolescent, Arrhythmias, Cardiac etiology, Bradycardia diagnosis, Bradycardia physiopathology, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Fever etiology, Humans, Hypotension etiology, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunology, Neutropenia etiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Shock, Septic microbiology, Tachycardia etiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Myocarditis microbiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis
- Abstract
A male individual aged 18 years with no significant past medical history presented with fever, headache, dry cough, and chest pain. On clinical examination, he had tachycardia and hypotension needing intravenous fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. A chest radiograph revealed streaky lung opacities, and he was treated with antibiotics for suspected community-acquired pneumonia complicated by septic shock. Significant elevation of cardiac enzymes was noted, and there was a continued need for inotropes to maintain normotension. He also developed intermittent bradycardia, with serial electrocardiograms showing first-degree atrioventricular block, low-voltage QRS complexes, and ST-T wave changes and telemetry demonstrating junctional and ventricular escape rhythm. A complete workup for sepsis and acute myocarditis were performed to find the etiologic agent. Intravenous immunoglobulins were started to treat myocarditis, with eventual clinical improvement. He was eventually diagnosed with an unusual etiology for his illness. He was noted to still have intermittent ventricular escape rhythm on electrocardiograms on follow-up 2 weeks after discharge but continues to remain asymptomatic and in good health., Competing Interests: POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)
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- 2021
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17. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis in a Young Adult.
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Burns EK and Lin D
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma pathology, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Young Adult, Dermatitis microbiology, Mucositis microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Published
- 2021
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18. Clinical significance of D-dimer levels in refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
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Huang X, Li D, Liu F, Zhao D, Zhu Y, and Tang H
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- Alanine Transaminase blood, Aspartate Aminotransferases blood, Blood Sedimentation, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase blood, Leukocyte Count, Logistic Models, Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Neutrophils pathology, Pleural Effusion etiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products analysis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma blood, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The levels of serum D-dimer (D-D) in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) were assessed to explore the clinical significance of D-D levels in refractory MPP (RMPP)., Method: A total of 430 patients with MPP were enrolled between January 2015 and December 2015 and divided into a general MPP (GMPP) group (n = 306) and a RMPP group (n = 124). Clinical data, D-D level, white blood cell (WBC) count, proportion of neutrophils (N%), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of RMPP., Results: (1) Hospitalization time, preadmission fever duration, total fever duration, WBC, N %, CRP, LDH, ESR, ALT, AST, and D-D were significantly higher in the RMPP group than those in the GMPP group (all P < 0.05). (2) Correlation analysis showed that D-D was positively correlated with WBC, CRP, ESR, and LDH, and could be used to jointly evaluate the severity of the disease. (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified preadmission fever duration, CRP, LDH and DD as independent risk factors for RMPP (all P < 0. 05). D-D had the highest predictive power for RMPP (P < 0.01). The D-D level also had a good ability to predict pleural effusion and liver injury (all P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Serum D-D levels were significantly increased in patients with RMPP, indicating that excessive inflammatory response and vascular endothelial injury with prolonged duration existed in this patient population. Increased levels of serum D-D may be used as an early predictor of RMPP and the occurrence of complications. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis of RMPP, early intervention and excessive inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma.
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- 2021
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19. [Clinical features of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and peripheral lymphocytopenia].
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Peng L, Zhong LL, Huang Z, Li Y, and Zhang B
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- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Child, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Lymphopenia etiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical features of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and peripheral lymphocytopenia., Methods: A total of 310 MPP children who were hospitalized and underwent bronchoalveolar lavage from June 2018 to June 2019 were enrolled and divided into two groups: simple MPP group with 241 children (without peripheral lymphocytopenia) and MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group with 69 children. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data and treatment outcome., Results: Compared with the simple MPP group, the MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group had significantly longer duration of fever and length of hospital stay and significant increases in C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA copies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( P < 0.05). Compared with the simple MPP group, the MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group had significantly higher incidence rates of intrapulmonary consolidation, extrapulmonary complications, and serious lesions under bronchoscopy (erosion or sputum bolt) and a significantly higher proportion of patients with severe MPP ( P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Children with MPP and peripheral lymphocytopenia tend to have more severe immunologic injury. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count may be used to evaluate the severity of MPP.
- Published
- 2021
20. Risk factors for the development of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans after Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in the era of increasing macrolide resistance.
- Author
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Lee E and Young Lee Y
- Subjects
- Adenoviridae Infections complications, Age Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Coinfection complications, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Female, Humans, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase blood, Macrolides, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Bronchiolitis Obliterans etiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Background: The prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia has been rapidly increased. MP pneumonia is a risk factor for the development of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO). The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors for the development of PIBO after MP pneumonia in the era of increasing macrolide resistance of MP., Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 150 children with a mean age of 6.0 years admitted to the hospital due to MP pneumonia between May 2019 and February 2020 at a tertiary hospital. The clinical, radiologic, and laboratory data were obtained using retrospective chart review., Results: Eighteen children (12%) were diagnosed with PIBO after MP pneumonia. PIBO was diagnosed after a mean duration of 100.0 days (range, 6-268 days) from symptom onset. The respiratory virus co-infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.069; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.224-13.523), adenovirus co-infection (aOR, 5.607; 95% CI, 1.801-17.454), longer duration between symptom onset and admission (aOR, 1.150; 95% CI, 1.020-1.298), higher levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at the time of admission (aOR, 1.001; 95% CI, 1.000-1.003), and poor response to stepwise treatment increased the risk for development of PIBO after MP pneumonia. However, macrolide resistance of MP was not associated with development of PIBO after MP pneumonia., Conclusion: The present study suggests that respiratory virus co-infection, including adenovirus, poor response to the treatment of MP pneumonia, and higher levels of serum LDH, but not macrolide resistance of MP, are risk factors of PIBO after MP pneumonia., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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21. Mycoplasma infection may complicate the clinical course of SARS-Co-V-2 associated Kawasaki-like disease in children.
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Plebani A, Meini A, Cattalini M, Lougaris V, Bugatti A, Caccuri F, and Caruso A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Blotting, Western, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 pathology, COVID-19 virology, COVID-19 Testing, Child, Child, Preschool, Coinfection, Conjunctivitis diagnosis, Conjunctivitis physiopathology, Edema diagnosis, Edema physiopathology, Exanthema diagnosis, Exanthema physiopathology, Female, Fever diagnosis, Fever physiopathology, Humans, Infant, Male, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome diagnosis, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome pathology, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome virology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae growth & development, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma pathology, SARS-CoV-2 growth & development, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome diagnosis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome pathology, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virology, Stomatitis diagnosis, Stomatitis physiopathology, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, COVID-19 complications, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome complications, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pathogenicity, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome complications
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- 2020
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22. Pulmonary embolism associated with mycoplasma in a child.
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Chen S, Ding Y, Vinturache A, Gu H, Lu M, and Ding G
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Child, Community-Acquired Infections complications, Community-Acquired Infections diagnosis, Community-Acquired Infections drug therapy, Community-Acquired Infections microbiology, Computed Tomography Angiography methods, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Pulmonary Embolism drug therapy, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Treatment Outcome, Warfarin therapeutic use, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pulmonary Embolism diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Embolism etiology
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- 2020
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23. Hyperferritinemia, vasculitis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae .
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Poddighe D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Hyperferritinemia therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma therapy, Vasculitis therapy, Hyperferritinemia diagnosis, Hyperferritinemia microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Vasculitis diagnosis, Vasculitis microbiology
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- 2020
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24. The correlation between vitamin a status and refractory Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) incidence in children.
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Li Y, Guo Z, Zhang G, Tian X, Li Q, Chen D, and Luo Z
- Subjects
- C-Reactive Protein analysis, Child, Humans, Incidence, Retrospective Studies, Vitamin A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Vitamin A plays a pivotal role in respiratory infection, accurate estimation of vitamin A status was recommended in planning and implementing interventions. As infections affect serum vitamin A productions, the real status need to be adjusted by acute phase protein (APP). Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory infection in children, the association between vitamin A concentrations and refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) remains unclear., Methods: 181 MPP patients were enrolled in this retrospective study, adjusted vitamin A concentrations and other parameters were compared between RMPP and general-MPP (GMPP) patients. Multivariate logistic regression test was performed to evaluate the association between vitamin A levels and RMPP incidence, linear correlation tests were applied to evaluate correlation between vitamin A concentrations and fever duration, length of stay (LOS)., Results: Vitamin A concentrations in RMPP group were significantly lower than those in GMPP patients (P < 0.05), vitamin A (OR = 0.795, 95% C. I 0.669-0.946) and CRP (OR = 1.050, 95% C. I 1.014-1.087) were independently associated with RMPP incidence. Linear correlation tests found vitamin A concentrations were negatively correlated with fever duration and LOS (P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Serum vitamin A concentrations were independently associated with RMPP incidence, which may correlate with reduced incidence of RMPP.
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- 2020
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25. Identify clinical factors related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with hypoxia in children.
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Ling Y, Zhang T, Guo W, Zhu Z, Tian J, Cai C, and Xu Y
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- C-Reactive Protein analysis, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Ferritins blood, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products analysis, Humans, Interleukin-6 blood, Leukocyte Count, Male, Neutrophils metabolism, Pleural Effusion, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, ROC Curve, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Hypoxia blood, Hypoxia complications, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma blood, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Background: To analyze the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with hypoxia in children, and identify the associated risk factors of hypoxia in MPP., Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed on 345 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) admitted to our hospital wards from January 2017 to June 2019. They were divided into three groups, namely MPP with hypoxia, refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP), and general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP). The clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging, and management were collected and compared in the three groups., Results: The MPP with hypoxia patients (n = 69) had longer disease duration, a higher extra-pulmonary complications rate, and more severe radiological abnormalities (P < 0.05). They also needed more complicated treatments (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-6, ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen (FG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the percentage of neutrophils in the MPP with hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in the RMPP group and the GMPP group (P < 0.05). In ROC curve analysis, the percentage of neutrophils, WBC, CRP, LDH, IL-6, ferritin, D-dimer, and ALT were contributed to identify the MPP with hypoxia patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ferritin> 174.15 ng/mL, IL-6 > 25.475 pg/ml, and pleural effusion were significantly associated with the incidence of hypoxia in MPP (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: MPP with hypoxia patients presented more serious clinical manifestations. Ferritin> 174.15 ng/mL, IL-6 > 25.475 pg/ml and pleural effusion were related risk factors for hypoxia in MPP.
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- 2020
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26. COVID-19 and mycoplasma pneumoniae coinfection.
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Fan BE, Lim KGE, Chong VCL, Chan SSW, Ong KH, and Kuperan P
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- Adult, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, COVID-19, Coinfection, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, SARS-CoV-2, Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus Infections blood, Coronavirus Infections complications, Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral blood, Pneumonia, Viral complications
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- 2020
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27. Efficacy and safety of azithromycin combined with glucocorticoid on refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Qiu JL, Huang L, Shao MY, Chai YN, Zhang HJ, Li XF, Sun XX, Zhao QY, Duan F, and Zhai WS
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Azithromycin adverse effects, Child, Cough drug therapy, Cough microbiology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Fever drug therapy, Fever microbiology, Glucocorticoids adverse effects, Humans, Length of Stay, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnostic imaging, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Azithromycin therapeutic use, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin (AZI) combined with glucocorticoid (GC) in the treatment of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae., Methods: Computer search for PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBMdisc), China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP (VIP), and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of AZI combined with GC in the treatment of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia test (RCT), the search time limit is built until March 20, 2019. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and literature risk bias, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software., Results: A total of 12 RCTs were included, including 1130 patients. Meta-analysis showed that AZI combined with GC therapy significantly improved the total effective rate of the disease compared with the conventional treatment group (odds ratio [OR] = 6.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.03, 10.07; P < .00001; I = 0%), effectively shortened the antipyretic time (SMD = -2.29; 95% CI -2.70, -1.88; P < .0001); promoted lung inflammation absorption (SMD = -1.89; 95% CI -2.38, -1.40; P < .0001), reduced cough time (SMD = -2.39; 95% CI -2.80, -1.99; P < .0001); shortened hospital stay (SMD = -2.19; 95% CI -3.21, -1.17; P < .0001); improved imaging findings (OR = 5.38; 95% CI 1.09, 26.51, P = .04); reduced inflammation index (SMD = -3.15; 95% CI -4.93, -1.36; P = .004); improved immune function (SMD = 1.29; 95% CI -0.02, 2.60; P < .0001); had no significant adverse reactions (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 0.71, 1.98; P = .53)., Conclusions: According to the current limited research evidence, the addition of GCs to the conventional treatment of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children can improve the clinical efficacy to a certain extent, and the safety is better. However, due to the quality and quantity of the included literature, the conclusions of this study need to be confirmed by more high-quality studies.
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- 2020
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28. Early diagnosis and appropriate respiratory support for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in young and adult patients: a case series from two centers.
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Ding L, Zhao Y, Li X, Wang R, Li Y, Tang X, Sun B, and He H
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Cannula, Early Diagnosis, Female, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Hospitals, University, Humans, Intubation, Intratracheal, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Respiratory Distress Syndrome drug therapy, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Respiration, Artificial methods, Respiratory Distress Syndrome microbiology
- Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the most common causes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Establishing an early diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may have important therapeutic implications., Methods: We describe diagnosis and management of M. pneumoniae pneumonia induced ARDS in a case series of adults and youth hospitalized with radiographically confirmed CAP prospectively enrolled in an observational cohort study in two university teaching hospitals, from November 2017 to October 2019., Results: In all 10 patients, early and rapid diagnosis for severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia with ARDS was achieved with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing of samples from the lower respiratory tract or pleural effusion. The average PaO
2 /FiO2 of all patients was 180 mmHg. Of the 10 cases, 4 cases had moderate ARDS (100 mmHg ≤ PaO2 /FiO2 < 200 mmHg) and 3 cases had severe ARDS (PaO2 /FiO2 < 100 mmHg). High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was applied in all patients, though only two patients were sufficiently supported with HFNC. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was required in 5 patients. High resistance (median 15 L/cmH2 O/s) and low compliance (median 38 ml/cmH2 O) was observed in 4 cases. In these 4 cases, recruitment maneuvers (RM) were applied, with 1 patient demonstrating no response to RM. Prone positioning were applied in 4 cases. Two cases needed ECMO support with median support duration of 5.5 days. No patient in our case series received corticosteroid therapy. All patients were survived and were discharged from hospital., Conclusions: Early and rapid diagnosis of severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia with ARDS can be achieved with PCR/mNGS tests in samples from the lower respiratory tract or pleural effusion. In our case series, half of M. pneumoniae pneumonia induced ARDS cases were adequately supported with HFNC or NIV, while half of cases required intubation. RM and prone position were effective in 30% of intubated cases, and 20% needed ECMO support. When early anti-mycoplasmal antibiotics were given together with sufficient respiratory support, the survival rate was high with no need for corticosteroid use.- Published
- 2020
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29. Wells' syndrome related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a 5-year-old boy.
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Kim SH, Yoo HW, Kim YM, and Kim HY
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Biopsy, Cellulitis complications, Cellulitis diagnosis, Child, Preschool, Clarithromycin therapeutic use, Eosinophilia complications, Eosinophilia diagnosis, Humans, Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pathogenicity, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Prednisolone therapeutic use, Radiography, Treatment Outcome, Cellulitis microbiology, Eosinophilia microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
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- 2020
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30. Impact of mycoplasma pneumonia infection on urticaria: A nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study in Taiwan.
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Yong SB, Yeh WC, Wu HJ, Chen HH, Huang JY, Chang TM, and Wei JC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Propensity Score, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Taiwan epidemiology, Young Adult, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Urticaria epidemiology, Urticaria microbiology
- Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) infection might be pathogenically closely related to urticaria. This study is a nationwide population-based cohort study from 1997 to 2013, which investigated the association between MP infection and urticaria in Taiwan. A total of 1,175 patients were included for the study group, and 2,350 for the control group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for urticaria. Result showed that 254 patients with new-onset urticaria were involved in the study group and 465 incident cases in the control group. The incidence rates (per 100,000 person-months) of urticaria were 37.2 and 32.5 in the study and control groups, respectively. The relative risk is 1.1 (95% CI = 1.0-1.3) indicating no significant correlation between MP and urticaria. The multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of urticaria with MP infection (aHR = 1.1, P = 0.1058) had no statistically significance difference compared to the control group. However, the risk of urticaria in MP-infected patients aged between 20 and 59 years old was found to have increased (aHR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.2) prior to a diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2019
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31. Outbreak of macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae in a primary school in Beijing, China in 2018.
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Zhang WZ, Zhang SJ, Wang QY, Li YD, Jing HB, Hu GY, and Wu D
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- Beijing epidemiology, Child, Cough epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Drug Resistance, Bacterial drug effects, Female, Fever epidemiology, Fever microbiology, Genotype, Humans, Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pathogenicity, Pharyngitis epidemiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Point Mutation, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Schools, Students, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Macrolides therapeutic use, Mycoplasma pneumoniae drug effects, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: On 7th June, 2018, a primary school in Beijing, China notified Shunyi CDC of an outbreak of acute respiratory disease characterized by fever and cough among students and resulting in nine hospitalization cases during the preceding 2 weeks. We started an investigation to identify the etiologic agent, find additional cases, develop and implement control measures., Methods: We defined probable cases as students, teachers and other staffs in the school developed fever (T ≥ 37.5 °C) with cough or sore throat; or a diagnosis of pneumonia during May 1-June 31, 2018. Confirmed cases were probable cases with Mycoplasma pneumoniae detected in oropharyngeal (OP) swabs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We searched case by reviewing school absenteeism records and interviewing students, teachers and staff in this school. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from symptomatic students. Two qPCR) assay, a duplex qPCR assay, and sequencing were performed to determine the pathogen, genotype and macrolide resistance at the gene level, respectively., Results: From May 1st to June 31st, 2018, we identified 55 cases (36 probable and 19 confirmed), of whom 25 (45%) were hospitalized for complications. All cases were students, none of the teachers and other staffs in the school were with similar symptoms. The attack rate (AR) was 3.9% (55/1398) for all students. The cases were mainly male (58%), with an age range of 7-8 years (median: 7 years). 72% (18/25) of inpatients had radiograph findings consistent with pneumonia, and some cases were hospitalized for up to 4 weeks. Pathogen detection results indicated that Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumoniae) P1 type 1 was the causative agent in this outbreak, and the strain harbored one point mutation of A to G at position 2063., Conclusions: The infections by macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae are not always mild and pneumonia was common and M. pneumoniae could causes serious complications which require long-term hospitalization. In the future infectious disease prevention and control practice, M. pneumoniae should be paid more attention. It is necessary to establish and improve the pathogen and drug resistance surveillance system in order to prevent and control such mutated strains of M. pneumoniae from causing future outbreaks or epidemics in China.
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- 2019
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32. Intravenous Immunoglobulin as a Therapeutic Option for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Encephalitis.
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Daba M, Kang PB, Sladky J, Bidari SS, Lawrence RM, and Ghosh S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Encephalitis microbiology, Female, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Encephalitis drug therapy, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Objective: To analyze the outcomes of a cohort of children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis whose treatment regimens included intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)., Methods: A retrospective study was performed at a single center between 2011 and 2016 of children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis whose acute treatment regimen included IVIG. Details of therapeutic interventions and the clinical course were retrieved from medical records via an institutionally approved protocol. The modified Rankin score was used to quantify outcomes., Results: Four children met inclusion criteria, 3 of whom had prodromal symptoms of infection lasting 5 to 7 days before onset of their neurologic symptoms. One patient presented with neurologic symptoms with no clinical prodrome. The initial treatment regimen included systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, or both. IVIG was administered for a total dose of 2 g/kg divided over 2 to 4 days to all 4 children. All children showed clinical improvement after IVIG. The 3 children with prodromal symptoms showed immediate and dramatic clinical improvement after IVIG therapy., Discussion: The immediate response to immunomodulatory therapy in the patients with prodrome suggests that the neurologic syndrome may be caused at least in part by an autoimmune process. The child who did not respond to IVIG had no prodrome, and also had normal electroencephalographic (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. These cases suggest that early administration of IVIG should be considered in patients suspected of having Mycoplasma encephalitis, particularly in those who have had prodromal symptoms.
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- 2019
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33. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Panel for Suspected Pertussis: What About a Positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Result?
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Desjardins M, Doyon-Plourde P, Mousseau S, Iachimov D, Rallu F, and Quach C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Animals, Bordetella pertussis genetics, Child, Child, Preschool, Coinfection diagnosis, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Retrospective Studies, Whooping Cough diagnosis, Bordetella pertussis isolation & purification, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Whooping Cough complications
- Abstract
Background: The use of bacterial multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in children with suspected pertussis sometimes yields unexpected positive results for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of positive M. pneumoniae results in this population., Methods: Retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with suspected pertussis tested with a bacterial multiplex PCR (including Bordetella pertussis and M. pneumoniae) between June 2015 and March 2017. Medical records were reviewed to compare demographics, clinical presentations and outcomes of patients positive for M. pneumoniae with those positive for B. pertussis and those with negative results, using multivariable logistic regression., Results: A total of 1244 patients were included as follows: 56 (4.5%) with M. pneumoniae, 116 (9.3%) with B. pertussis and 1029 (82.7%) with negative results. Mean age was respectively 4.8 years, 6.5 years and 2.8 years (P < 0.05). Children with M. pneumoniae were less likely to present with cardinal symptoms of pertussis such as paroxysmal cough [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08-0.40) but were more likely to have fever (adjusted OR: 10.53, 95% CI: 3.54-39.49) and other nonspecific respiratory symptoms compared with children with B. pertussis. Children with M. pneumoniae had very similar clinical presentations to those with a negative PCR, but were more likely to have radiologically confirmed pneumonia (adjusted OR: 5.48, 95% CI: 2.96-9.99) and were less likely to be diagnosed with a concomitant viral infection (adjusted OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.07-0.99)., Conclusions: In children with suspected pertussis, the detection of M. pneumoniae is clinically relevant. However, the impact of this finding on patients' outcome is still unclear.
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- 2019
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34. Association between inflammation factors and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: Protocol for a systematic review.
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He JE, Qu H, and Gao CY
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Inflammation microbiology, Research Design, Inflammation complications, Inflammation metabolism, Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma immunology
- Abstract
Background: Several clinical studies have reported that inflammation factors (IF) are associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. However, no study systematically investigated the association between IF and M pneumoniae in pediatric population. Thus, this study will explore the association between IF and pediatric M pneumoniae systematically., Methods: This study will search following databases of PUBMED, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to the February 28, 2019 without any language limitations. We will cover clinical studies of M pneumoniae that report associations between IF and M pneumoniae. In addition, reference lists of relevant studies will also be identified to avoid missing any eligible studies. Two investigators will independently screen and select studies, and will assess the methodological quality for each study, which is evaluated by using Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Any disagreements will be settled down through discussion with a third investigator until consensus is reached., Results: This study will explore the associations between IF and M pneumoniae by assessing the changes of IF, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17 at different stages of M pneumoniae., Conclusion: The findings of this study may provide most recent evidence for the associations between IF and M pneumoniae in pediatric populations., Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval is not needed in this study, because no individual patient data will be utilized in this study. The findings of this study are expected to be published at peer-reviewed journal or will be presented at professional conference., Prospero Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42019125359.
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- 2019
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35. Common carotid arteritis and polymyalgia with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
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Takahashi I, Ishihara M, Oishi T, Yamamoto M, Narita M, and Fujieda M
- Subjects
- Administration, Intravenous, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Arteritis diagnosis, Arteritis drug therapy, Carotid Arteries diagnostic imaging, Child, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Polymyalgia Rheumatica diagnosis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica drug therapy, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonography, Arteritis microbiology, Carotid Arteries microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Polymyalgia Rheumatica microbiology
- Abstract
A few pediatric cases with brain vasculitis most frequently affecting the middle cerebral artery have been reported in association with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, but involvement of the common carotid artery (CCA) before the bifurcation has not been reported to date. We report herein a case of 10-year-old boy with common carotid arteritis and polymyalgia associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. His fever and cough began 2 weeks before, and his right upper and lower extremity pains began 2 days before admission. He had initially been treated with clarithromycin followed by tosufloxacin, but his symptoms persisted. His M. pneumonia-specific antibody titer was high on admission (1:10240 by particle agglutination method) and the gene of M. pneumoniae was detected in a throat swab specimen by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method with initial high levels of serum interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-18 along with elevated blood levels of complements. On the 5th day of hospitalization, vascular echograms of the extremities and neck showed increasing intima-media thickness of bilateral CCAs without stenosis and/or thrombosis and T2-weighted with lipid suppression magnetic resonance imaging of the neck showed high signal intensity of bilateral CCA walls. Coagulation studies were unremarkable and no autoantibodies were detected as far as tested. He was successfully treated by intravenous administration of prednisolone and was stable without any neurological sequelae 17 months after the onset without medication. His particle agglutination titer decreased to 1:5120, and serum interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-18, and complement levels returned to normal., (Copyright © 2018 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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36. Rapid resolution of reversible bronchiectasis after Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in an adult: A case report.
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Guo Q and Li HY
- Subjects
- Bronchiectasis microbiology, Female, Humans, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Azithromycin therapeutic use, Bronchiectasis drug therapy, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy
- Abstract
Rationale: Bronchiectasis results when inflammatory and infectious damage to the bronchial and bronchiolar walls leads to a vicious cycle of airway injury. On the basis of the classic characteristic, that is, permanent bronchial dilatation, bronchiectasis is generally considered irreversible in the adult population., Patient Concerns: A 21-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 9-day history of productive cough and fever., Diagnosis: Bronchiectasis after Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia., Interventions: The patient was treated with azithromycin for 7 days., Outcomes: The bronchial dilatation resolved as evidenced by sequential chest high-resolution computed tomography 7 days and 1 month later, respectively., Lessons: Although complete disappearance is quite rare in adult, this case demonstrated that bronchial dilatation might resolve completely in such a fascinating short period of time if receiving adequate and timely regimens.
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- 2019
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37. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated mucositis with cutaneous involvement - a case report.
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Grieb A, Kaderschabek N, Orasche C, Minkov M, Sanlorenzo M, Rappersberger K, and Vujic I
- Subjects
- Administration, Intravenous, Adolescent, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Conjunctivitis, Bacterial etiology, Conjunctivitis, Bacterial pathology, Diagnosis, Differential, Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative etiology, Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative pathology, Glucocorticoids administration & dosage, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Mucositis diagnosis, Mucositis drug therapy, Mucositis pathology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Prednisolone administration & dosage, Prednisolone therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Mucositis microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae metabolism, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
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- 2019
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38. A 6-year-old girl with severe, focal Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
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Al Yazidi LS, Hameed H, Kesson A, Herath A, Pandit C, and Britton P
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Child, Female, Humans, Lung diagnostic imaging, Moxifloxacin therapeutic use, Patient Acuity, Pleural Effusion diagnostic imaging, Pleural Effusion etiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma therapy, Radiography, Thoracic, Respiration, Artificial, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis
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- 2019
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39. An 8-Year-Old Male With Fever of Unknown Origin.
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Glinton KE, Sharp EA, and Mendelsohn MJ
- Subjects
- Child, Diagnosis, Differential, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Lung microbiology, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma blood, Fever of Unknown Origin etiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. [Clinical features and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children].
- Author
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Chen Y, Tian WM, Chen Q, Zhao HY, Huang P, Lin ZQ, and Chen L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Azithromycin administration & dosage, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Fever etiology, Humans, Infant, Lung microbiology, Lung physiopathology, Male, Mutation, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Mycoplasma pneumoniae physiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma physiopathology, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Macrolides administration & dosage, Mycoplasma pneumoniae drug effects, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy
- Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical features of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and its treatment regimens in children., Methods: The samples of throat swab or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected from 136 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 2063/2064 A:G mutation in 23S rRNA, and according to such results, the children were divided into drug-resistance group with 81 children and sensitive group with 55 children. The two groups were compared in terms of age composition, respiratory symptoms, extrapulmonary complications, laboratory markers, imaging changes, treatment regimens, and length of hospital stay., Results: Compared with the sensitive group, the drug-resistance group had significantly longer duration of pyrexia and severe fever, a significantly higher percentage of children with reduced blood oxygen saturation, and significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P<0.05). The conventional azithromycin treatment had a good clinical effect in the sensitive group, while corticosteroid therapy was usually needed in the drug-resistance group., Conclusions: Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection cannot be identified based on a single clinical feature, but prolonged duration of pyrexia and severe fever, reduced blood oxygen saturation, and increased ALT and LDH can suggest the presence of this disease. Azithromycin combined with glucocorticoids may be a good treatment regimen for children with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
- Published
- 2018
41. Multiple superficial oral mucoceles after Mycoplasma-induced mucositis.
- Author
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Morand M and Hatami A
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Humans, Infant, Male, Mouth Diseases drug therapy, Mouth Diseases pathology, Mucocele pathology, Mucocele therapy, Mucositis microbiology, Mucositis therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Mouth Diseases etiology, Mucocele etiology, Mucositis complications, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Oral mucoceles are lesions arising mainly from the minor salivary glands and are thought to occur after excretory duct trauma. We report a case of multiple superficial oral mucoceles on a child's labial mucosa after Mycoplasma pneumoniae mucositis. Mucoceles can mimic persistent or recurrent stomatitis and lead to potential errors in management., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in pediatric patients with acute asthma exacerbation.
- Author
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Kassisse E, García H, Prada L, Salazar I, and Kassisse J
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Asthma microbiology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Female, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Immunoglobulin M immunology, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Asthma physiopathology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Mycoplasma pneumoniae may be involved in refractory asthma exacerbation., Objective: To determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in patients with acute asthma exacerbation. Material and method. A prospective, crosssectional, observational, case-control study was carried out in patients older than 2 years old and younger than 12. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were serologically determined for M. pneumoniae, using the NovaLisa® NovaTec kit for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Test results ≥ 11 NTU (NovaTec units) were regarded as positive. The statistical analysis was performed by means of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the χ² test, with a significance level of p < 0.05., Results: One hundred and eighty children were studied, of which 130 had asthma and 50 comprised the control group. Specific IgM was positive for 60 patients, that is 46.15% of the asthmatic children (p < 0.001). The severity of the exacerbation was directly related to IgM levels (p < 0.001). Hospitalization rate was 75%, and it was significantly associated to specific IgM levels (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Our data suggest that children with acute asthma show a high prevalence (46%) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and that there is a close relation between severe acute asthma exacerbation and the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. These findings might result in therapeutic implications centered in the use of specific antibiotics to fight this atypical organism. Key words: acute asthma, exacerbation, Mycoplasma pneumoniae., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Evaluation of the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) in the Setting of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection.
- Author
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Stein B, DeCredico N, and Hillman L
- Subjects
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune etiology, Autoantibodies blood, Community-Acquired Infections, Cryoglobulins analysis, Female, Humans, Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunology, Young Adult, Anemia etiology, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune diagnosis, Coombs Test, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Clinical characteristics from co-infection with avian influenza A H7N9 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report.
- Author
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Luo H, Wang S, Yuan T, Liu J, Yao L, Pan X, Long X, Wu J, and Shen F
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Azithromycin therapeutic use, Coinfection diagnosis, Coinfection drug therapy, Female, Fluoroquinolones therapeutic use, Humans, Immunoglobulins therapeutic use, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Influenza, Human drug therapy, Methylprednisolone therapeutic use, Moxifloxacin, Oseltamivir therapeutic use, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Coinfection complications, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza, Human complications, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Background: More and more cases of human infections with avian influenza A H7N9 have been reported since it was first mentioned in 2013 in China, but concurrence of influenza A H7N9 with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, however, has never been described. Here, we reported the case of a woman co-infected by influenza A H7N9 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, whose treatment process was a little bit longer and a little bit complicated as well., Case Presentation: Our patient was an 80-year-old Chinese woman who presented with fever, cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. A computed tomography scan showed obvious infiltrations at lower parts of both lungs. Arterial blood gas analysis confirmed a severe respiratory failure (type I). Her sputum and throat swabs were checked for nucleic acid of influenza A and the result was positive for influenza A H7N9. She was diagnosed as having severe influenza A H7N9 and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and was admitted to an intensive care unit. She was given comprehensive treatment, including oseltamivir, methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, gastric protection, and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Her condition improved 4 days later. However, some symptoms exacerbated again 2 days later with ground-glass changes appearing in upper area of right lung and the titer of antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae rising from 1:80 to 1:640. She was reasonably considered to be infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well, and azithromycin and moxifloxacin were added to her treatment. Oseltamivir was discontinued because of three consecutive negative results of nucleic acid for influenza A H7N9, but anti-Mycoplasma treatment was continued. Although her symptoms and abnormal changes on computed tomography scan slowly went away, she finally recovered from the mixed infection after a total of 33 days of management., Conclusion: In patients with confirmed influenza A H7N9 infection whose condition worsens again, especially with new infiltration or lung ground-glass infiltration, one should suspect infection by other pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with concomitant acute cerebral infarction in a child: A case report and literature review.
- Author
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Jin X, Zou Y, Zhai J, Liu J, and Huang B
- Subjects
- Cerebral Infarction therapy, Child, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma therapy, Cerebral Infarction diagnosis, Cerebral Infarction microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis
- Abstract
Rationale: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children, is rarely complicated with acute cerebral infarction., Patient Concerns: We present a 7-year-old boy with severe M pneumoniae pneumonia who developed impaired consciousness, aphasia, and reduced limb muscle power 7 days postadmission., Diagnoses: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with concomitant acute cerebral infarction., Interventions: The patient recovered with aggressive antibiotic therapy, antiinflammation therapy with methylprednisolone, and gamma immunoglobulin and anticoagulation therapy with aspirin and low molecular weight heparin along with rehabilitation training., Outcomes: At 8 days postadmission, his consciousness was improved and at the 6-month follow-up visit, his muscle power of bilateral upper and lower limbs was normal except still poor right handgrip power., Lessons: Stroke or cerebral infarction should be considered and promptly managed in rare cases of M pneumoniae pneumonia with neurologic manifestations.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Intrathecal antibody responses to GalC in Guillain-Barré syndrome triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
- Author
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Meyer Sauteur PM, Huizinga R, Tio-Gillen AP, Drenthen J, Unger WWJ, Jacobs E, van Rossum AMC, and Jacobs BC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Autoantibodies immunology, Autoantigens immunology, Female, Galactosylceramides immunology, Guillain-Barre Syndrome cerebrospinal fluid, Guillain-Barre Syndrome microbiology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G cerebrospinal fluid, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Young Adult, Autoantibodies cerebrospinal fluid, Galactosylceramides cerebrospinal fluid, Guillain-Barre Syndrome immunology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunology
- Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) triggers Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and elicits anti-galactocerebroside (GalC) antibodies. Specifically anti-GalC IgG is associated with Mp-GBS, possibly because of its better ability to cross the blood-nerve barrier (BNB). We here investigated CSF for the presence of anti-GalC in GBS. Intrathecal anti-GalC was found in 46% of Mp-GBS patients (n=6/13), in contrast to 16% of GBS controls (n=4/25) and 0% of non-GBS controls (n=0/7). The antibodies most likely originated from increased BNB permeability and/or intrathecal synthesis. Intrathecal anti-GalC IgG was specifically associated with Mp-GBS, further supporting that anti-GalC IgG contributes to the pathogenesis of GBS., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting as stroke and meningoencephalitis with aortic and subclavian aneurysms without pulmonary involvement.
- Author
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Sarathchandran P, Al Madani A, Alboudi AM, and Inshasi J
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Aortic Aneurysm microbiology, Azithromycin therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Meningoencephalitis drug therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Stroke drug therapy, Subclavian Artery microbiology, Aneurysm microbiology, Meningoencephalitis microbiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Stroke microbiology
- Abstract
A 39-year-old Philipino man presented with acute onset fever and headache. Neurological examination was normal except for neck stiffness. There was no history of chest pain, cough or breathlessness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a mild increase in protein with normal sugar and lymphocytic pleocytosis. CSF PCR for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus was negative. He developed acute right haemiplegia a week after hospitalisation. MRI showed acute infarct in the left centrum semiovale. His angiogram showed aneurysm in the left subclavian artery and aortic arch. The mycoplasma antibody test came positive with very high titres, while rest of the workup was negative. He was treated with azithromycin and his symptoms improved completely.He was asymptomatic on follow-up after a month. His repeat immunoglobulin G mycoplasma antibody titre showed elevation. Mycoplasma infection is a treatable cause of meningoencephalitis and stroke secondary to vasculitis. Arterial aneurysms are known to occur with mycoplasma infection although rare., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Mycoplasma pneumoniae 23S rRNA A2063G mutation does not influence chest radiography features in children with pneumonia.
- Author
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Deng H, Rui J, Zhao D, and Liu F
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Female, Humans, Hydrothorax drug therapy, Hydrothorax etiology, Hydrothorax microbiology, Macrolides pharmacology, Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae drug effects, Mycoplasma pneumoniae growth & development, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pleurisy drug therapy, Pleurisy etiology, Pleurisy microbiology, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Pulmonary Atelectasis drug therapy, Pulmonary Atelectasis etiology, Pulmonary Atelectasis microbiology, Radiography, Hydrothorax diagnostic imaging, Mutation, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genetics, Pleurisy diagnostic imaging, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Atelectasis diagnostic imaging, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S genetics
- Abstract
Objective To measure the rate of the A2063G mutation in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae) 23S rRNA domain V in children with pneumonia and to determine the correlation between radiographic findings and the presence of the A2063G mutation. Methods Patients who were hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia were enrolled in this study. M. pneumoniae strains were collected for genotype analysis. Chest radiography was performed on all children prior to and following macrolide treatment. Clinical and imaging data were obtained. Results Of 211 patients, 195 (92.42%) harboured M. pneumoniae with the A2063G mutation. No significant differences were identified in inflammation score, chest radiography inflammation absorption grade before and after macrolide treatment, or pulmonary complications (atelectasis, hydrothorax, or pleuritis) prior to macrolide treatment when children were stratified based on the presence or absence of the A2063G mutation. Conclusions A high proportion of children with pneumonia harboured strains of M. pneumoniae with the A2063G mutation in the 23S rRNA domain V. However, no obvious chest radiographic features of M. pneumoniae pneumonia were associated with the A2063G variant.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA-ASSOCIATED CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION-BEVACIZUMAB INTRAVITREAL INJECTION AND LASER TREATMENT.
- Author
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Fiorentzis M, Käsmann-Kellner B, Meyer S, Seitz B, and Viestenz A
- Subjects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors administration & dosage, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid microbiology, Child, Choroidal Neovascularization diagnosis, Choroidal Neovascularization therapy, Female, Fluorescein Angiography, Fundus Oculi, Humans, Intravitreal Injections, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma microbiology, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor antagonists & inhibitors, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Visual Acuity, Vitreous Body surgery, Bevacizumab administration & dosage, Choroidal Neovascularization etiology, Laser Therapy methods, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures methods, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Vitreous Body pathology
- Abstract
Purpose: To report a rare case of bilateral subretinal granulomas with choroidal neovascularization after Mycoplasma pneumoniae atypical pneumonia., Methods: Presentation of a 7-year-old girl, who showed bilateral atypical subretinal granulomas with choroidal neovascularization. Visual acuity was 20/20 oculus dexter and 20/200 oculus sinister. Evaluation revealed a systemic Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with pulmonary involvement. Successful ocular treatment was performed by intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab and laser photocoagulation., Results: Visual acuity was unchanged 36 months after treatment. No further subretinal lesions were seen oculus uterque., Conclusion: To the best of their knowledge and according to literature this patient report is the first one of subretinal granuloma formation after pneumonia due to mycoplasma infection. Since Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen, especially in children and young adults, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any febrile illness accompanied by ocular signs.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Severe acrocyanosis precipitated by cold agglutinin secondary to infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a pediatric patient.
- Author
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Mosdósi B, Nyul Z, Nagy A, Bölcskei K, Decsi T, and Helyes Z
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Child, Clarithromycin therapeutic use, Cryoglobulins adverse effects, Cyanosis drug therapy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Echocardiography, Female, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Laser-Doppler Flowmetry, Pentoxifylline therapeutic use, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma immunology, Vasodilator Agents therapeutic use, Cyanosis etiology, Hemagglutinins adverse effects, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
This is the first report describing a severe form of cold agglutinin-induced acrocyanosis with cutaneous necrosis after Mycoplasma infection in a 9-year-old patient without any other severe symptoms and laboratory alterations. We also present the results of two non-invasive methods used to determine the viability of tissues, degree of tissue perfusion impairment, and the responsiveness of the microvasculature. Laser Doppler flowmetry and laser speckle contrast imaging, both suitable to measure tissue blood perfusion non-invasively, have been used in the diagnosis and follow-up of various peripheral vascular diseases. In our patient, we demonstrated remarkably reduced microcirculation before the treatment and a significant perfusion increase in the acral regions after pentoxifylline therapy. The investigational techniques were useful tools to assess and quantify the severity of peripheral perfusion disturbances and to monitor the efficacy of the treatment in our patient.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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