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1. The effect of endometrial scratching on pregnancy rate after failed intrauterine insemination: A Randomised Controlled Trail

Author: Archana Naidu, Chitra Thyagaraju, Papa Dasari, and M S Madhuri
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy Rate, media_common.quotation_subject, Fertilization in Vitro, Reproductive technology, Insemination, Miscarriage, law.invention, Endometrium, Ovulation Induction, Randomized controlled trial, Pregnancy, law, medicine, Humans, Infertility, Male, Insemination, Artificial, Menstrual cycle, media_common, Unexplained infertility, Intention-to-treat analysis, Obstetrics, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, Pregnancy rate, Reproductive Medicine, Female, business
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Endometrial injury (ES) has been suggested as intervention to increase probability of pregnancy in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. Majority of studies reported that ES improves outcome in Invitro fertilisation,Intrauterine Insemination(IUI) and natural conceptions: however, the size and quality of studies are poor which questions the presence of any beneficial effect. The present study was done to evaluate the effect of endometrial scratching on pregnancy rate after previous failed Intrauterine Insemination and to assess the pain and bleeding following the procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Randomized controlled trial. One hundred sixty-eight women (Eighty-four in each group) with primary/secondary infertility were recruited and randomized into intervention and control group using block randomization. Intervention group underwent ES using pipelle's canula on D8 or D9 of menstrual cycle. Three cycles of ovulation induction with Clomiphene citrate and gonadotrophins followed by IUI was done. The primary end point was clinical pregnancy rate. Pain and bleeding after the procedure were evaluated as secondary outcomes.The study was conducted from June 2017 to June 2019. MAIN RESULTS The cumulative clinical pregnancy rate in ES group was 22.2 % in comparison 9.8 % in control group. In the intent to treat analysis, with a p value of 0.03 calculated from Chi-square test(p
Published: 2022

2. CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy: A review with a special focus on tumor angiogenesis

Author: Muthusamy Sathya, Krishnasamy naidu gopal Hariprabu, and Selvaraj Vimalraj
Subjects: Gene Expression, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Genome, Structural Biology, Neoplasms, Biomarkers, Tumor, Animals, Humans, CRISPR, Medicine, Molecular Biology, Gene Editing, Clinical Trials as Topic, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Cas9, business.industry, Disease Management, Cancer, Genetic Therapy, General Medicine, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, Disease Models, Animal, Treatment Outcome, Gene Expression Regulation, Cancer cell, CRISPR-Cas Systems, business, Carcinogenesis, Function (biology)
Abstract: Tumor angiogenesis is a critical target for cancer treatment and its inhibition has become a common anticancer approach following chemotherapy. However, due to the simultaneous activation of different compensatory molecular mechanisms that enhance tumor angiogenesis, clinically authorized anti-angiogenic medicines are ineffective. Additionally, medications used to treat cancer have an effect on normal body cells; nonetheless, more research is needed to create new cancer therapeutic techniques. With advances in molecular biology, it is now possible to use gene-editing technology to alter the genome and study the functional changes resulting from genetic manipulation. With the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, it has become a very powerful tool for altering the genomes of many organisms. It was determined that CRISPR/Cas9, which first appeared in bacteria as a part of an adaptive immune system, could be used, in modified forms, to alter genomes and function. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 could be a major step forward to cancer management by providing patients with an effective method for dealing with cancers by dissecting the carcinogenesis pathways, identifying new biologic targets, and perhaps arming cancer cells with drugs. Hence, this review will discuss the current applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in tumor angiogenesis research for the purpose of cancer treatment.
Published: 2021

3. A highly predictive autoantibody-based biomarker panel for prognosis in early-stage NSCLC with potential therapeutic implications

Author: Gary Middleton, Alex G. Richter, Akshay J Patel, Ti-Myen Tan, Jonathan M. Blackburn, and Babu Naidu
Subjects: Male, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Protein Array Analysis, Disease, Article, Tumour biomarkers, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Internal medicine, Survivorship curve, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Adjuvant therapy, Humans, Stage (cooking), Lung cancer, Survival rate, Aged, Autoantibodies, business.industry, Autoantibody, Computational Biology, Prognosis, medicine.disease, ROC Curve, Biomarker (medicine), Female, business, Non-small-cell lung cancer
Abstract: Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection remains the definitive curative treatment for early-stage disease offering an overall 5-year survival rate of 62%. Despite careful case selection, a significant proportion of early-stage cancers relapse aggressively within the first year post-operatively. Identification of these patients is key to accurate prognostication and understanding the biology that drives early relapse might open up potential novel adjuvant therapies. Methods We performed an unsupervised interrogation of >1600 serum-based autoantibody biomarkers using an iterative machine-learning algorithm. Results We identified a 13 biomarker signature that was highly predictive for survivorship in post-operative early-stage lung cancer; this outperforms currently used autoantibody biomarkers in solid cancers. Our results demonstrate significantly poor survivorship in high expressers of this biomarker signature with an overall 5-year survival rate of 7.6%. Conclusions We anticipate that the data will lead to the development of an off-the-shelf prognostic panel and further that the oncogenic relevance of the proteins recognised in the panel may be a starting point for a new adjuvant therapy.
Published: 2021

4. A study of comparison between ionized calcium and albumin corrected calcium in patients with chronic kidney disease

Author: H. R. Suma, M. Prasad Naidu, J. N. Naidu, R. Ramya, and C. Suvarna Devi
Subjects: Calcium metabolism, medicine.medical_specialty, Corrected calcium, biology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Serum albumin, Albumin, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Bone remodeling, chemistry, Internal medicine, biology.protein, medicine, business, Dialysis, Kidney disease
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue rising in alarming rate. Diseases of mineral and bone metabolism are more common in chronic kidney disease. This study was aimed to evaluate comparison between ionized calcium and albumin corrected calcium in Subjects with CKD with dialysis treatment, to assess their calcium levels. Subjects with CKD on dialysis treatment, who presented to the Department of Medicine, PESIMSR, Kuppam were included into the study. Sample (n=40) was collected from all patients from AV fistula. This was used to analyze total calcium, serum albumin, pH and also ionized calcium values. Albumin corrected calcium is calculated using equation. The preliminary data analyses reporting a significant variation among ionized calcium and total calcium besides albumin corrected calcium in patients with CKD (p .There is a significant variation among ionized calcium and total as well as albumin corrected calcium in subjects with CKD (P Keywords: Albumin, Total Calcium, Ionized Calcium, Dialysis, Chronic Kidney Disease
Published: 2020

5. COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Postpartum

Author: A. Satyanarayan Naidu, Sreus A G Naidu, Roger Clemens, Peter Pressman, Kelvin J.A. Davies, and Mehreen Zaigham
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Chemokine, Fetus, Pregnancy, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, business.industry, Lactoferrin, Transmission (medicine), 030229 sport sciences, Entry into host, medicine.disease, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Immunology, biology.protein, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), business, Food Science
Abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic intensified the global health crisis, the containment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancies, and the inherent risk of vertical transmission of virus from mother-to-fetus (or neonate) poses a major concern. Most COVID-19-Pregnancy patients showed mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia with no pregnancy loss and no congenital transmission of the virus; however, an increase in hypoxia-induced preterm deliveries was apparent. Also, the breastmilk of several mothers with COVID-19 tested negative for the virus. Taken together, the natural barrier function during pregnancy and postpartum seems to deter the SARS-CoV-2 transmission from mother-to-child. This clinical observation warrants to explore the maternal-fetal interface and identify the innate defense factors for prevention and control of COVID-19-Pregnancy. Lactoferrin (LF) is a potent antiviral iron-binding protein present in the maternal-fetal interface. In concert with immune co-factors, maternal-LF modulates chemokine release and lymphocyte migration and amplify host defense during pregnancy. LF levels during pregnancy may resolve hypertension via down-regulation of ACE2; consequently, may limit the membrane receptor access to SARS-CoV-2 for cellular entry. Furthermore, an LF-derived peptide (LRPVAA) has been shown to block ACE receptor activity in vitro. LF may also reduce viral docking and entry into host cells and limit the early phase of COVID-19 infection. An in-depth understanding of LF and other soluble mammalian milk-derived innate antiviral factors may provide insights to reduce co-morbidities and vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may lead to the development of effective nutraceutical supplements. (Less)
Published: 2020

6. COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Postpartum

Author: A. Satyanarayan Naidu, Kamran Kadkhoda, Roger Clemens, Kelvin J.A. Davies, Mehreen Zaigham, Sreus A G Naidu, and Peter Pressman
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Fetus, Pregnancy, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Amniotic fluid, biology, Lactoferrin, business.industry, Lacteal, Physiology, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Placenta, biology.protein, Medicine, Autism, Pharmacology (medical), business, Oxidative stress, Food Science
Abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Oxidative stress and its related metabolic syndromes are potential risk factors in the susceptibility to, and severity of COVID-19. In concert with the earliest reports of COVID-19, obstetricians started to diagnose and treat SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy ("COVID-19-Pregnancy"). High metabolic demand to sustain normal fetal development increases the burden of oxidative stress in pregnancy. Intracellular redox changes intertwined with acute phase responses at the maternal-fetal interface could amplify during pregnancy. Interestingly, mother-to-fetus transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has not been detected in most of the COVID-19-Pregnancy cases. This relative absence of vertical transmission may be related to the presence of lactoferrin in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and lacteal secretions. However, the cytokine-storm induced during COVID-19-Pregnancy may cause severe inflammatory damage to the fetus, and if uncontrolled, may later result in autism spectrum-like disorders and brain development abnormalities in neonates. Considering this serious health threat to child growth and development, the prevention of COVID-19 during pregnancy should be considered a high priority. This review summarizes the intricate virulence factors of COVID-19 and elucidate its pathobiological spectrum during pregnancy and postpartum periods with a focus on the putative and complex roles of endogenous and exogenous lactoferrin in conferring immunological advantage to the host.
Published: 2020

7. Molecular Structure, Spectroscopic Investigation, Docking and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies of 7-Methoxycoumarin as anti-Leukemia Agent

Author: S. Jeyavijayan, M. Ramuthai, and Naidu Dhanpal Jayram
Subjects: Leukemia, Docking (dog), Polymers and Plastics, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Organic Chemistry, In vitro cytotoxicity, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Molecule, medicine.disease
Published: 2021

8. Autochthonous North American Leprosy: A Second Case in Canada

Author: Vilma Marks, Arienne King, Prenilla Naidu, Jamil N. Kanji, and Rahul Sharma
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Case Report, Other systems of medicine, European origin, leprosy genotyping, biology.animal, medicine, Mycobacterium leprae, Specialist referral, biology, business.industry, autochthonous leprosy, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, Rash, Hansen’s disease, Infectious Diseases, leprosy in North America, Male patient, Armadillo, Leprosy, medicine.symptom, business, leprosy, RZ201-999
Abstract: Autochthonous leprosy was reported in the Southern USA in 2011 and has comprised an average of 34% of new cases from 2015 to 2020 in that country. We report a similar case in a patient from Western Canada. A 50-year old male patient presented with a four-year history of a chronic rash. Pathology stains revealed acid-fast bacilli prompting specialist referral. Examination was suspicious for leprosy, which was confirmed on slit skin smears and molecular testing. The patient responded well to treatment. Genotypic testing mapped the organism to the 3I-2 SNP type, which is of European origin and is the type found in implicated armadillo species in North America.
Published: 2021

9. A Study of Clinicopathological Association in Chronic Liver Disease - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Referral Hospital of South India

Author: Manchu Venkata Viswanadh Gandhi, Adapa Ramakrishnam Naidu, Sreepada Venkata Ramana Murthy, and Lotheti Sivakumar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Internal medicine, Medicine, business, Tertiary referral hospital, Chronic liver disease, medicine.disease
Abstract: BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is a liver disorder of varying causes and severity with variable clinical, biochemical and histological findings with severity lasting for 6 months or more. The spectrum of chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver extends from acute hepatitis to chronic hepatitis and finally to cirrhosis. Whatever the aetiology, the same basic underlying histological changes may be seen in the liver. The objective of the study was to see the association of clinical diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis among chronic liver disease patients. METHODS It is a cross-sectional study that included analysis of clinicopathological data of 40 patients with clinically suspected chronic liver disease who were admitted to the medical wards of government general hospital, Kakinada between March 2003 and May 2005. RESULTS Total number of patients (N = 40) of suspected chronic liver disease were included in the study in which 25 were males (62.5 %) and 15 were females (37.5 %). Most of the cases (36) were found in the age group of 30 - 69 years, a majority of 12 was in the age group of 50 - 59 years. The most common symptoms in this study were abdominal distension and loss of appetite in 28 (70 %) patients, followed by pain in abdomen 22 (55 %), jaundice 17 (42.5 %), loss of weight 16 (40 %), pedal oedema 11 (27.5 %). A total of 7 cases (41.7 %) of cirrhosis were seen in the age group of 40 - 49 years, 5 cases (45.45 %) with chronic hepatitis were in the age group of 50 - 59 years, 5 (45.45 %) hepatocellular carcinoma cases were in the age group of 60 - 69 years, hepatoblastoma was seen in a 60-year-old female. Clinical diagnosis was strongly associated with histopathology (Pearson chi-square value = 19.583, P = 0.021) and also showed fair agreement between clinical diagnosis and histopathology (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Chronic liver disease is more in males, most commonly seen in the age group of 30 - 69 years and the majority of them are in the age group of 50 - 59 years. Cirrhosis is the most common chronic liver disease seen in North and Coastal Andhra, part of South India, followed by chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma. The most common etiological factor is alcoholic abuse (35 %) followed by HBsAg positivity (15 %), native medicine in 5 % and unknown in 45 %. Clinical diagnosis of chronic liver disease should be confirmed with histopathological examination. In appropriate clinical settings, the clinical diagnosis of chronic liver disease made by experts is fairly associated with histopathological diagnosis. KEY WORDS Chronic Liver Disease, Clinical Diagnosis of Liver Disease, Histopathological Association
Published: 2021

10. Myosin Modulation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Systolic Heart Failure: Getting Inside the Engine

Author: Matthew J. Daniels, Luca Fusi, Srihari S. Naidu, and Christopher Semsarian
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Diastole, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Contractile apparatus, medicine.disease, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Heart failure, Myosin, Cardiology, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, human activities
Abstract: The contractile apparatus responds rapidly, and reversibly, to fluctuating pre- and after-load using molecular accelerators and brakes to control the engine at any particular gear. It is now possible to stimulate or suppress the engine directly with a novel class of myocardial therapeutics. This conceptual framework of clutch, gears, and accelerators or brakes should help clinicians understand and categorize future directions in sarcomeric therapies for systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
Published: 2021

11. Study design and rationale of VALOR-HCM: evaluation of mavacamten in adults with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who are eligible for septal reduction therapy

Author: Kathy Wolski, Hartzell V. Schaff, David Zhang, Jeffrey B. Geske, Ellen McErlean, Srihari S. Naidu, Anjali T. Owens, Lampl Kathy L, Nicholas G. Smedira, Christina Sewell, Jay M. Edelberg, Milind Y. Desai, Amy J. Sehnert, and Steven E. Nissen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Benzylamines, medicine.medical_specialty, Eligibility Determination, Ventricular outflow tract obstruction, Exercise intolerance, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, Ventricular Myosins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Uracil, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Cardiovascular Agents, Guideline, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Dyspnea, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder which frequently leads to symptoms such as dyspnea and exercise intolerance, often due to severe dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Current guideline-recommended pharmacotherapies have variable therapeutic responses to relieve LVOTO. In recent phases 2 and 3, clinical trials for symptomatic obstructive HCM (oHCM), mavacamten, a small molecule inhibitor of β-cardiac myosin has been shown to improve symptoms, exercise capacity, health status, reduce LVOTO, along with having a beneficial impact on cardiac structure and function. Methods VALOR-HCM is designed as a multicenter (approximately 20 centers in United States) phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. The study population consists of approximately 100 patients (≥18 years old) with symptomatic oHCM who meet 2011 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and/or 2014 European Society of Cardiology HCM-guideline criteria and are eligible and willing to undergo septal reduction therapy (SRT). The study duration will be up to 138 weeks, including an initial 2-week screening period, followed by16 weeks of placebo-controlled treatment, 16 weeks of active blinded treatment, 96 weeks of long-term extension, and an 8-week posttreatment follow-up visit. The primary endpoint will be a composite of the decision to proceed with SRT prior to or at Week 16 or remain guideline eligible for SRT at Week 16. Secondary efficacy endpoints will include change (from baseline to Week 16 in the mavacamten group vs placebo) in postexercise LVOT gradient, New York Heart Association class, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score, NT-proBNP, and cardiac troponin. Exploratory endpoints aim to characterize the effect of mavacamten on multiple aspects of oHCM pathophysiology. Conclusions In severely symptomatic drug-refractory oHCM patients meeting guideline criteria of eligibility for SRT, VALOR-HCM will primarily study if a 16-week course of mavacamten reduces or obviates the need for SRT using clinically driven endpoints.
Published: 2021

12. Thinness, overweight and obesity among 6- to 17-year-old Malaysians: secular trends and sociodemographic determinants from 2006 to 2015

Author: Riittakerttu Kaltiala, Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks, Maria Safura Mohamad, Suvi M. Virtanen, Balkish Mahadir Naidu, Tampere University, Health Sciences, Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Medicine, and Tays Research Services
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Double burden, Population, Ethnic group, Medicine (miscellaneous), Overweight, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Body Mass Index, Thinness, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Child, education, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Secular variation, 3141 Health care science, Malnutrition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Household income, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Demography
Abstract: Objective:To examine secular trends and sociodemographic determinants of thinness, overweight and obesity among Malaysian children and adolescents from 2006 to 2015.Design:We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Morbidity Surveys 2006, 2011 and 2015. Individuals were classified into pre- (6–9 years), early (10–13 years) and mid- (14–17 years) adolescence. BMI status was determined according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and WHO criteria, using measured height and weight. We analysed trends using log-binomial regression, by sex-age groups, stratified by sociodemographic factors (ethnicity, residential area, household size and household income), and accounting for the complex survey design. Associations between sociodemographic factors and prevalence of thinness and overweight (obesity included) in 2015 were assessed using log-Poisson regression.Setting:Nationwide population-based surveys, Malaysia.Participants:Eligible 6–17-year-olds from urban and rural residential areas (n 28 094).Results:The prevalence of thinness decreased from 2006 to 2015 (IOTF: boys from 22 % to 18 %, girls from 23 % to 19 %; WHO: boys from 9 % to 7 %, girls from 8 % to 6 %), while the prevalence of overweight increased (IOTF: boys from 20 % to 26 %, girls from 19 % to 24 %; WHO: boys from 25 % to 31 %, girls from 22 % to 27 %). These changes were statistically significant in most sex-age groups. Thinness and overweight co-existed in all sociodemographic subgroups, with variation in the prevalence estimates, but similar secular changes in most subgroups.Conclusions:Malaysia is facing a double burden of malnutrition at population level with a secular increase in overweight and obesity and a gradual decrease in thinness among 6–17-year-olds from varying sociodemographic backgrounds.
Published: 2021

13. New Framework for the Discovery of PRC2 Inhibitors: Epigenetic Drugs

Author: Shahper N. Khan, Naidu Subbarao, Sultan Alouffi, Danishuddin, and Mohd Babu Khan
Subjects: Drug, media_common.quotation_subject, Clinical Biochemistry, macromolecular substances, Computational biology, Biology, Epigenesis, Genetic, Histones, Histone H3, Neoplasms, Drug Discovery, Histone methylation, medicine, Humans, Gene silencing, Epigenetics, media_common, Pharmacology, Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, Cancer, medicine.disease, Drug development, Drug Design, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, PRC2
Abstract: Over the past several years, remarkable progress towards the recognition of new therapeutic targets in tumor cells has led to the discovery and development of newer scaffolds of anti-tumor drugs. The exploration and exploitation of epigenetic regulation in tumor cells are of immense importance to both the pharmaceutical and academic biomedical literatures. Epigenetic mechanisms are indispensable for the normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression. Disruption of epigenetic processes to eradicate tumor cells is among the most promising intervention for cancer control. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a complex that methylates lysine 27 of histone H3 to promote transcriptional silencing, is involved in orchestrating significant pathways in a cell. Overexpression of PRC2 has been found in a number of cancerous malignancies, making it a major target for anti-cancer therapy. Despite its well-understood molecular mechanism, hyperactivation and drug resistance mutations in its subunits have become a matter of discussion. This review outlines the current understanding of the components of PRC2 in active complex formation and assesses their potential as a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. We also review the effects of mutations in the PRC2 components, in the purview of human cancers. Finally, we discuss some of the current challenges for therapeutic drug designs targeting the PRC2 complex.
Published: 2021

14. Bile Acids as Metabolic Inducers of Hepatocyte Proliferation and Liver Regeneration

Author: Rajnish Tiwari, Impreet Kaur, V.G.M. Naidu, Savneet Kaur, Dinesh M. Tripathi, and Seeram Ramakrishna
Subjects: Liver injury, Bile acid, Chemistry, medicine.drug_class, Liver cell, Biomedical Engineering, Cholangiocyte proliferation, Medicine (miscellaneous), Cell Biology, medicine.disease, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Liver regeneration, Biomaterials, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hepatocyte, medicine, Cancer research, Farnesoid X receptor
Abstract: Liver regeneration is an orchestrated process that mainly comprises of the proliferation of the major liver cell types, that is, the hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, after liver injury (physical or chemical) in vivo. Although having a remarkable capacity to regenerate in vivo, hepatocytes are difficult to grow and maintain in culture as their viability and functions decline with time. The lack of a sufficient source of viable hepatocytes limits their clinical use for therapeutic applications. In the current review, we have summarized the role of bile acids and their subsequent signaling pathways in liver regeneration in terms of both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte proliferation. We have also reviewed bile acid–based therapies in liver diseases. The expression of two major bile acid receptors, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G protein–coupled receptor (TGR5) in both the liver and the intestine immensely contribute to hepatocyte proliferation through varied mechanisms. Selective potent agonists of these two pathways are being synthesized for use as new therapies in several liver diseases. FXR/TGR5 agonists hold immense potential to facilitate liver regeneration and ameliorate hepatic insufficiency in chronic liver diseases.
Published: 2021

15. Estimation of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellites with various forms of tuberculosis with dots

Author: U Sreedhar, C. Suvarna Devi, R. Viswa Kumar, M. Prasad Naidu, and T. Sharmila Krishna
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonology, Tuberculosis, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, Hemoglobin, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Glycemic
Abstract: Background: Since ancient times people are aware of the association between tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus. Patients with tuberculosis and diabetes experience worse clinical manifestations, increased risk of treatment failure, recurrence, and death. The present study was conducted to evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels, in patients with Type - 2 diabetes mellitus with various forms of tuberculosis who are on RNTCP DOTS and antidiabetic regimens. Materials and Methods: The study subjects included Type-2 diabetes mellitus with tuberculosis who are registered under RNTCP DOTS, in Dept of Pulmonology, PESIMSR, Kuppam, Chittoor district. Study groups comprises, 20 cases of type 2 DM WITH TB who are on oral hypo glycemic agents (OHA), 20 cases of Type 2DM WITH TB who are on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) with insulin, 20 cases of Type 2 DM WITH TB who are on insulin. HbAc is measured by fully automatic Bio-Rad D10 - HbA1c Analyzer. Blood glucose levels are estimated by auto analyser VITROS 250 in PESIMSR, Kuppam. Results: The mean HbA1c levels showed good control in those patients kept on insulin alone compared to OHA and OHA with insulin groups (P Conclusion: The study revealed that increased levels of Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) are observed in those patients kept on OHA alone with DOTS as compared with other two groups. There is strong interaction between anti tubercular drugs and OHA which in turn leads to poor glycemic control. Poor glycemic state in diabetic patients is having strong impact on TB treatment outcome. Keywords: Type- 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), Tuberculosis (TB), Oral hypo glycemic agents (OHA), Insulin, RNTCP, DOTS, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Blood glucose level.
Published: 2021

16. Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author: Rahmi Oklu, Nicole Segaran, Sailen G. Naidu, Gia Saini, Sadeer Alzubaidi, Seyda Gunduz, and Indravadan Patel
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Tare weight, business.industry, Advanced stage, Gastroenterology, Cancer, medicine.disease, Transarterial Radioembolization, digestive system diseases, Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Surgery, Radiology, business
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest-growing cancer worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical resection, ablation, or transplantation is the best treatment option for patients with HCC. However, only about one-fifth of patients are suitable for such primary curative treatments due to underlying liver disease or rapid extension of the tumor. Image-guided locoregional therapies may prove an important alternative in this scenario, particularly transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium-90 (Y-90). Based on many studies, TARE can be considered a curative treatment option for patients with early-stage HCC, a bridge to transplantation, and a method for downstaging tumors to give patients with unresectable HCC a chance to potentially receive a curative treatment. TARE can be also combined with other treatment modalities to provide a better quality of life in patients when compared with systemic therapy in patients with unresectable HCC. Here, we discuss the use of TARE in the approach to HCC patients who are in early, intermediate, or advanced stages.
Published: 2021

17. mtDNA Haplogroup M5 Associated with Risk of Colorectal Cancer in South India Population

Author: B. Prathap Naidu and Pallaval Veera Bramhachari
Subjects: Genetics, education.field_of_study, Haplogroup M, Mitochondrial DNA, General Computer Science, Population, Cancer, General Chemistry, Biology, medicine.disease, humanities, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Haplogroup, Hypervariable region, D-loop, medicine, education, Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Abstract: The life on earth is driven by energy, supplied by the tiny organelles of the cell called mitochondria and they are usually stated as the powerhouses of the cell. In population genetics, Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is used extensively to categorize individuals or populations. The mutation sites observed in human mtDNA by comparing with the reference sequence (rCRS) are termed into definite human mtDNA haplogroups. Previous studies showed that mtDNA specific haplogroups and polymorphisms were established to be linked with various human diseases, including cancer in numerous populations. Furthermore, it is also known that several mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms are implicated in enhanced production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which are known to be an increased risk cause for several cancers, including colorectal cancer in Indian patients. Hence in our study, we made high resolution examination on mtDNA hypervariable region to trace the association of specific mtDNA haplogroup with colorectal cancer in south Indian populations. We report that mtDNA Haplogroup M was observed in 60% of the colorectal cancer patients and around 55% in the studied control samples. Haplogroup M is the most frequent mtDNA cluster found among south Indian populations. We further sub-lineated macro haplogroup M and found sub haplogroups (M8, M7, M6, M5, M3 and M2) in varied frequencies. In particular, we found significant association of haplogroup M5 with colorectal cancer patients (p = 0.026). Haplogroup M5 was observed in 12% of colorectal cancer patients in south Indian patients and in 3.3% of the control populations. These results suggest that individuals with haplogroup M5 may have significant risk to develop colorectal cancer.
Published: 2021

18. Ninety-Day Mortality: Redefining the Perioperative Period After Lung Resection

Author: Doug West, Babu Naidu, Marcus Taylor, Michael Shackcloth, Steven M. Woolley, Stuart W Grant, and R. Shah
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Treatment of lung cancer, Standard measure, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Risk of mortality, Humans, Perioperative Period, Pneumonectomy, Lung cancer, business.industry, General surgery, Perioperative, medicine.disease, Survival Rate, Radiation therapy, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Cardiothoracic surgery, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Lung resection, business
Abstract: Operative mortality is an important outcome for patients, surgeons, healthcare institutions, and policy makers. Although measures of perioperative mortality have conventionally been limited to in-hospital and 30-day mortality (or a composite endpoint combining both), there is a large body of evidence emerging to support the extension of the perioperative period after lung resection to a minimum of 90 days after surgery. Several large-volume studies from centers across the world have reported that 90-day mortality after lung resection is double 30-day mortality. Hence, true perioperative mortality after lung resection is likely to be significantly higher than what is currently reported. In the contemporary era, where new treatment modalities such as stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy are emerging as viable nonsurgical alternatives for the treatment of lung cancer, accurate estimation of perioperative risk and reliable reporting of perioperative mortality are of particular importance. It is likely that shifting the discussion from 30-day to 90-day mortality will lead to altered decision making, particularly for specific patient subgroups at an increased risk of 90-day mortality. We believe that 90-day mortality should be adopted as the standard measure of perioperative mortality after lung resection and that strategies to reduce the risk of mortality within 90 days of surgery should be investigated.
Published: 2021

19. A prospective study on HbA1c levels in patients without GDM and its correlation with pregnancy outcome

Author: Rinda Naidu Kanukolanu, Ushadevi Gopalan, and Balaji Rajagopalan
Subjects: Fetus, Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Percentile, business.industry, Obstetrics, Birth weight, medicine.disease, Gestational diabetes, Correlation, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Prospective cohort study, business
Abstract: Introduction: Pregnancy is a diabetogenic state which places the mother as well as the foetus at high risk for certain complications even though the woman is neither GDM nor overt diabetic. This study aims at estimation of HbA1c value after 24 weeks of pregnancy and its correlation with the pregnancy outcome. Materials and Methods: The study was done among 60 healthy pregnant women who are between 18-35 years. HbA1c was estimated and they were followed up for assessing pregnancy outcome. Birth weight >90th percentile, primary C-section, neonatal hypoglycaemia, any NICU admissions and neonate’s condition at discharge were assessed. Results: The mean of haemoglobin, OGTT (fasting, 1-hour and 2-hours) and HbA1c were 11.25mg/dL, 81.73mg/dL, 120.75mg/dL, 104.13mg/dL and 5.24% respectively. The trimester specific HbA1c levels in the second and third trimesters in the present study were found to be 5.11% and 5.27% respectively. Among the study subjects 51 (85%) women had term delivery whereas 9 (15%) women had preterm delivery. 42 women (70%) had normal delivery, 1(1.7%) patient had operative vaginal and the remaining 17(28.3%) patients had emergency caesarean section. It was observed that 5(8.3%) subjects had LBW and 55(91.7%) had normal birth weight neonates. Two neonates among the study subjects had NICU admission for other reasons. Conclusion: The results obtained by this study showed low or no significant relationship between HbA1c levels estimation during pregnancy and pregnancy as well as foetal outcome, also adverse pregnancy outcomes have multifactorial influences rather than maternal glycaemic status alone. Keywords: HbA1c, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy outcome.
Published: 2021

20. Comparison of two dose escalation strategies of methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: a multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial

Author: Varun Dhir, Shefali Khanna Sharma, Amita Aggarwal, Siddharth Jain, Aastha Khullar, Bidyalaxmi Leishangthem, Supriya Maurya, Ranjan Gupta, Aman Sharma, Sanjay Jain, Shankar Naidu, and Veena Dhawan
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Immunology, Arthritis, Gastroenterology, Drug Administration Schedule, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Young Adult, Rheumatology, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Young adult, Leukopenia, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Thrombocytopenia, Methotrexate, Treatment Outcome, Polyglutamic Acid, Tolerability, Antirheumatic Agents, Rheumatoid arthritis, Transaminitis, Female, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: ObjectivesThere are no head-to-head trials of different dose escalation strategies of methotrexate (MTX) in RA. We compared the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ‘usual’ (5 mg every 4 weeks) versus ‘fast’ (5 mg every 2 weeks) escalation of oral MTX.MethodsThis multicentre, open-label (assessor blinded) RCT included patients 18-55 years of age having active RA with disease duration Results178 patients with mean DAS28-CRP of 5.4(1.1) were randomized to usual (n=89) or fast escalation groups (n=89). At 16 weeks, there was no difference in good EULAR response in the usual (28.1%) or fast escalation (22.5%) groups (p=0.8). There was no difference in mean ΔDAS28-CRP at 8 weeks (-0.9, -0.8, p=0.72) or 16 weeks (-1.3, -1.3, p=0.98). Even at 24 weeks (extended follow-up), responses were similar. There were no inter-group differences in ΔHAQ, or MTX-polyglutamates 1-3 levels at 8 or 16 weeks. Gastrointestinal AE were higher in the fast escalation group over initial 8 weeks (27%, 40%, p=0.048), but not over 16 weeks. There was no difference in cytopenias, transaminitis, or drug discontinuation/dose reduction between the groups. No serious AE were seen.ConclusionA faster MTX escalation strategy in RA was not more efficacious over 16-24 weeks, and did not significantly increase AE, except higher gastrointestinal AE initially.Trial registration numberCTRI/2018/12/016549
Published: 2021

21. Serum Elemental Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using SRXRF

Author: B. G. Naidu, N Srinivasa Rao, G. J. Naga Raju, P. Sarita, and Manoj K. Tiwari
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Microprobe, Chemistry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, General Medicine, Type 2 diabetes, Newly diagnosed, 010501 environmental sciences, Control subjects, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Elemental analysis, medicine, Glucose homeostasis, Patient group, Oxidative stress, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: A total of 158 serum samples of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and control subjects were analyzed using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence (SRXRF) technique. The microprobe XRF beam line-16 of Indus-2 synchrotron radiation facility at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore, India, was used to identify and quantify the elements K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, and Pb. A significant decrease in the mean concentrations of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, and As and an increase in the concentrations of V, Fe, Co, Cu, Se, and Pb were observed in the serum samples of the patient group when compared to the control group. It is hypothesized that the observed alterations in the elemental concentrations might have led to ineffective uptake of insulin and have interfered with glucose homeostasis by either directly or indirectly causing oxidative stress.
Published: 2021

22. Giant parapharyngeal high-flow arteriovenous malformation causing airway compromise: emergency embolo-sclerotherapy via an endovascular-only approach

Author: Ruhaid Khurram, Ayyaz Quddus, Jocelyn Brookes, Vishnu Naidu, and Priyesh Karia
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, R895-920, Case Report, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, Head and neck, 0302 clinical medicine, Arteriovenous malformations, Female patient, medicine, Sclerotherapy, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Interventional radiology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Arteriovenous malformation, medicine.disease, Surgery, Airway Compromise, Embolosclerotherapy, High flow, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Head and neck arteriovenous malformations are the commonest extracranial vascular malformations but demonstrate a unique challenge in the limited available surgical options secondary to their intimate association to vital structures. We present a case of middle-aged female patient who presented with threatened upper-airway obstruction and bleeding secondary to a slowly enlarging parapharyngeal arteriovenous malformations. She was treated with an endovascular-only approach with the proximal arteriole branches selectively undergoing embolo-sclerotherapy with an optimal radiological and clinical outcome. We also demonstrate the utility of elective tracheostomy prior to intervention.
Published: 2021

23. Clinicopathological study of 6 cases of idiopathic calcinosis cutis: A case series

Author: Raji Naidu, Susan Cherian, Uma Pankaj Chaturvedi, Sruthimayura, Prachi R Gaddam, and Tejashwini Kotian
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical pathology, business.industry, Cutis, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Surgical pathology, Calcinosis cutis, Dystrophic calcification, Calcinosis, medicine, Histopathology, business, Pathological
Abstract: Calcinosis cutis is a rare, benign and usually asymptomatic condition which may involve any part of skin. Characterized histologically by deposition of calcium within the dermis. Can present at variable site with variable pathogenesis. This case series present the rare entity of idiopathic cutaneous calcinosis which can be diagnosed accurately with clinical, pathological and metabolic correlation, is completely curable by surgical excision and has an excellent prognosis. Keywords: Calcinosis cutis, Idiopathic, Histopathology, Dystrophic calcification.
Published: 2021

24. <scp>VEXAS</scp> syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus: expanding the spectrum of associated conditions

Author: Aman Sharma, David B. Beck, Prateek Deo, and Gsrsnk Naidu
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Myeloid, Polyarteritis nodosa, Somatic cell, business.industry, Immunology, Inflammation, medicine.disease, Giant cell arteritis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Rheumatology, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Bone marrow, medicine.symptom, business, Multiple myeloma, Relapsing polychondritis
Abstract: Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome was recently identified by genotype-driven approach. This syndrome is characterised by the presence of somatic mutations affecting methionine-41 (p.Met41) in UBA1 gene. All the identified patients were adult males who had recurrent fevers, cytopenias, dysplastic bone marrow with vacuoles in myeloid and erythroid precursors, neutrophilic skin and lung tissue inflammation and often had treatment refractory and fatal disease course. The various phenotypes reported with VEXAS syndrome include relapsing polychondritis, giant cell arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Sweet's syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma.
Published: 2021

25. Global characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents with cancer (GRCCC): a cohort study

Author: Sheena Mukkada, Nickhill Bhakta, Guillermo L Chantada, Yichen Chen, Yuvanesh Vedaraju, Lane Faughnan, Maysam R Homsi, Hilmarie Muniz-Talavera, Radhikesh Ranadive, Monika Metzger, Paola Friedrich, Asya Agulnik, Sima Jeha, Catherine Lam, Rashmi Dalvi, Laila Hessissen, Daniel C Moreira, Victor M Santana, Michael Sullivan, Eric Bouffet, Miguela A Caniza, Meenakshi Devidas, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, A Juan Ribelles, Adriana Balduzzi, Alaa Elhaddad, Alejandra Casanovas, Alejandra Garcia Velazquez, Aliaksandra Laptsevich, Alicia Chang, Alessandra Lamenha F. Sampaio, Almudena González Prieto, Alvaro Lassaletta, Amaranto Suarez M, Ana Patricia Alcasabas, Anca Colita, Andres Morales La Madrid, Angélica Samudio, Annalisa Tondo, Antonella Colombini, Antonis Kattamis, N Araceli Lopez Facundo, Arpita Bhattacharyya, Aurélia Alimi, Aurélie Phulpin, Barbora Vakrmanova, Basak A Aksoy, Benoit Brethon, Jator Brian Kobuin, Carla Nolasco Monteiro, Catherine Paillard, Catherine Vezina, Bozkurt Ceyhun, Cristiana Hentea, Cristina Meazza, Daniel Ortiz-Morales, Roque Daniel Solorzano, Daniela Arce Cabrera, Daniele Zama, Debjani Ghosh, Diana Ramírez-Rivera, Doris A Calle Jara, Dragana Janic, Elianneth Rey Helo, Elodie Gouache, Enmanuel Guerrero Quiroz, Enrique Lopez, Eric Thebault, Essy Maradiegue, Eva de Berranger, Fatma S E Ebeid, Federica Galaverna, Federico Antillon-Klussmann, Felipe Espinoza Chacur, Fernando Daniel Negro, Francesca Carraro, Francesca Compagno, Francisco Barriga, Gabriela Tamayo Pedraza, Gissela Sanchez Fernandez, Gita Naidu, Gülnur Tokuc, Hamidah Alias, Hannah Grace B Segocio, Houda Boudiaf, Imelda Asetre Luna, Iris Maia, Itziar Astigarraga, Ivan Maza, Jacqueline E Montoya Vásquez, Janez Jazbec, Jelena Lazic, Jeniffer Beck Dean, Jeremie Rouger-Gaudichon, Johanny Carolina Contreras González, Jorge Huerta Aragonés, José L Fuster, Juan Quintana, Julia Palma, Karel Svojgr, Karina Quintero, Karolina Malic Tudor, Kleopatra Georgantzi, Kris Ann P Schultz, Laura Ureña Horno, Lidia Fraquelli, Linda Meneghello, Lobna Shalaby, Lola L Macias Mora, Lorna A Renner, Luciana Nunes Silva, Luisa Sisinni, Mahmoud Hammad, M Fernández Sanmartín, C Marcela Zubieta A, María Constanza Drozdowski, Maria Kourti, Marcela María Palladino, Maria R Miranda Madrazo, Marilyne Poiree, Marina Popova, Mario Melgar, Marta Baragaño, Martha J Avilés-Robles, Massimo Provenzi, Mecneide Mendes Lins, Mehmet Fatih Orhan, Milena Villarroel, Mónica Jerónimo, Mónica Varas Palma, Muhammad Rafie Raza, Mulindwa M Justin, Najma Shaheen, Nerea Domínguez-Pinilla, Nicholas S Whipple, Nicolas André, Ondrej Hrusak, Pablo Velasco Puyó, Pamela Zacasa Vargas, Paola Olate Mellado, Pascale Yola Gassant, Paulina Diaz Romero, Raffaella De Santis, Rejin Kebudi, Riza Boranbayeva, Roberto Vasquez, Romel A. Segura, Roy Enrique Rosado, Sandra Gómez, Sandra Raimbault, Sanjeeva Gunasekera, Sara M Makkeyah, Sema Buyukkapu Bay, Sergio M Gómez, Séverine Bouttefroy, Shahnoor Islam, Sherif Abouelnaga, Silvio Fabio Torres, Simone Cesaro, Sofia Nunes, Soraia Rouxinol, Sucharita Bhaumik, Symbat Saliyeva, Tamara Inostroza, Thelma Velasquez, Tint Myo Hnin, Ulrika Norén-Nyström, Valentina Baretta, Yajaira Valentine Jimenez-Antolinez, Vanesa Pérez Alonso, Vanessa Ayer Miller, Virginie Gandemer, Viviana Lotero, Volha Mishkova, Wendy Gómez-García, Yeva Margaryan, Yumna Syed, Mukkada S., Bhakta N., Chantada G.L., Chen Y., Vedaraju Y., Faughnan L., Homsi M.R., Muniz-Talavera H., Ranadive R., Metzger M., Friedrich P., Agulnik A., Jeha S., Lam C., Dalvi R., Hessissen L., Moreira D.C., Santana V.M., Sullivan M., Bouffet E., Caniza M.A., Devidas M., Pritchard-Jones K., Rodriguez-Galindo C., Ribelles A.J., Balduzzi A., Elhaddad A., Casanovas A., Garcia Velazquez A., Laptsevich A., Chang A., F. Sampaio A.L., Gonzalez Prieto A., Lassaletta A., Suarez M A., Alcasabas A.P., Colita A., Morales La Madrid A., Samudio A., Tondo A., Colombini A., Kattamis A., Lopez Facundo N.A., Bhattacharyya A., Alimi A., Phulpin A., Vakrmanova B., Aksoy B.A., Brethon B., Kobuin J.B., Nolasco Monteiro C., Paillard C., Vezina C., Ceyhun B., Hentea C., Meazza C., Ortiz-Morales D., Solorzano R.D., Arce Cabrera D., Zama D., Ghosh D., Ramirez-Rivera D., Calle Jara D.A., Janic D., Rey Helo E., Gouache E., Guerrero Quiroz E., Lopez E., Thebault E., Maradiegue E., de Berranger E., Ebeid F.S.E., Galaverna F., Antillon-Klussmann F., Espinoza Chacur F., Negro F.D., Carraro F., Compagno F., Barriga F., Tamayo Pedraza G., Sanchez Fernandez G., Naidu G., Tokuc G., Alias H., B Segocio H.G., Boudiaf H., Asetre Luna I., Maia I., Astigarraga I., Maza I., Montoya Vasquez J.E., Jazbec J., Lazic J., Beck Dean J., Rouger-Gaudichon J., Contreras Gonzalez J.C., Huerta Aragones J., Fuster J.L., Quintana J., Palma J., Svojgr K., Quintero K., Malic Tudor K., Georgantzi K., P Schultz K.A., Urena Horno L., Fraquelli L., Meneghello L., Shalaby L., Macias Mora L.L., A Renner L., Nunes Silva L., Sisinni L., Hammad M., Fernandez Sanmartin M., Zubieta A C.M., Drozdowski M.C., Kourti M., Palladino M.M., Miranda Madrazo M.R., Poiree M., Popova M., Melgar M., Baragano M., Aviles-Robles M.J., Provenzi M., Mendes Lins M., Fatih Orhan M., Villarroel M., Jeronimo M., Varas Palma M., Rafie Raza M., M Justin M., Shaheen N., Dominguez-Pinilla N., Whipple N.S., Andre N., Hrusak O., Velasco Puyo P., Zacasa Vargas P., Olate Mellado P., Yola Gassant P., Diaz Romero P., De Santis R., Kebudi R., Boranbayeva R., Vasquez R., Segura R.A., Rosado R.E., Gomez S., Raimbault S., Gunasekera S., Makkeyah S.M., Buyukkapu Bay S., M Gomez S., Bouttefroy S., Islam S., Abouelnaga S., Torres S.F., Cesaro S., Nunes S., Rouxinol S., Bhaumik S., Saliyeva S., Inostroza T., Velasquez T., Hnin T.M., Noren-Nystrom U., Baretta V., Jimenez-Antolinez Y.V., Perez Alonso V., Ayer Miller V., Gandemer V., Lotero V., Mishkova V., Gomez-Garcia W., Margaryan Y., Syed Y., Mukkada, S, Bhakta, N, Chantada, G, Chen, Y, Vedaraju, Y, Faughnan, L, Homsi, M, Muniz-Talavera, H, Ranadive, R, Metzger, M, Friedrich, P, Agulnik, A, Jeha, S, Lam, C, Dalvi, R, Hessissen, L, Moreira, D, Santana, V, Sullivan, M, Bouffet, E, Caniza, M, Devidas, M, Pritchard-Jones, K, Rodriguez-Galindo, C, Ribelles, A, Balduzzi, A, Elhaddad, A, Casanovas, A, Garcia Velazquez, A, Laptsevich, A, Chang, A, F. Sampaio A., L, Gonzalez Prieto, A, Lassaletta, A, Suarez M, A, Alcasabas, A, Colita, A, Morales La Madrid, A, Samudio, A, Tondo, A, Colombini, A, Kattamis, A, Lopez Facundo, N, Bhattacharyya, A, Alimi, A, Phulpin, A, Vakrmanova, B, Aksoy, B, Brethon, B, Kobuin, J, Nolasco Monteiro, C, Paillard, C, Vezina, C, Ceyhun, B, Hentea, C, Meazza, C, Ortiz-Morales, D, Solorzano, R, Arce Cabrera, D, Zama, D, Ghosh, D, Ramirez-Rivera, D, Calle Jara, D, Janic, D, Rey Helo, E, Gouache, E, Guerrero Quiroz, E, Lopez, E, Thebault, E, Maradiegue, E, de Berranger, E, Ebeid, F, Galaverna, F, Antillon-Klussmann, F, Espinoza Chacur, F, Negro, F, Carraro, F, Compagno, F, Barriga, F, Tamayo Pedraza, G, Sanchez Fernandez, G, Naidu, G, Tokuc, G, Alias, H, B Segocio, H, Boudiaf, H, Asetre Luna, I, Maia, I, Astigarraga, I, Maza, I, Montoya Vasquez, J, Jazbec, J, Lazic, J, Beck Dean, J, Rouger-Gaudichon, J, Contreras Gonzalez, J, Huerta Aragones, J, Fuster, J, Quintana, J, Palma, J, Svojgr, K, Quintero, K, Malic Tudor, K, Georgantzi, K, P Schultz, K, Urena Horno, L, Fraquelli, L, Meneghello, L, Shalaby, L, Macias Mora, L, A Renner, L, Nunes Silva, L, Sisinni, L, Hammad, M, Fernandez Sanmartin, M, Zubieta A, C, Drozdowski, M, Kourti, M, Palladino, M, Miranda Madrazo, M, Poiree, M, Popova, M, Melgar, M, Baragano, M, Aviles-Robles, M, Provenzi, M, Mendes Lins, M, Fatih Orhan, M, Villarroel, M, Jeronimo, M, Varas Palma, M, Rafie Raza, M, M Justin, M, Shaheen, N, Dominguez-Pinilla, N, Whipple, N, Andre, N, Hrusak, O, Velasco Puyo, P, Zacasa Vargas, P, Olate Mellado, P, Yola Gassant, P, Diaz Romero, P, De Santis, R, Kebudi, R, Boranbayeva, R, Vasquez, R, Segura, R, Rosado, R, Gomez, S, Raimbault, S, Gunasekera, S, Makkeyah, S, Buyukkapu Bay, S, M Gomez, S, Bouttefroy, S, Islam, S, Abouelnaga, S, Torres, S, Cesaro, S, Nunes, S, Rouxinol, S, Bhaumik, S, Saliyeva, S, Inostroza, T, Velasquez, T, Hnin, T, Noren-Nystrom, U, Baretta, V, Jimenez-Antolinez, Y, Perez Alonso, V, Ayer Miller, V, Gandemer, V, Lotero, V, Mishkova, V, Gomez-Garcia, W, Margaryan, Y, and Syed, Y
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, COVID-19, Children, adolescents, cancer, Adolescent, MEDLINE, Severity of Illness Index, Health systems, Neoplasms, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.2 [https], Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, Child, Children, Pandemics, Pandemic, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Risk Factor, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Cancer, COVID-19, Odds ratio, Articles, medicine.disease, Transplantation, Oncology, Child, Preschool, Cohort, Absolute neutrophil count, Neoplasm, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], Female, Cohort Studie, business, Delivery of Health Care, Human, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: Previous studies have shown that children and adolescents with COVID-19 generally have mild disease. Children and adolescents with cancer, however, can have severe disease when infected with respiratory viruses. In this study, we aimed to understand the clinical course and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents with cancer. Methods: We did a cohort study with data from 131 institutions in 45 countries. We created the Global Registry of COVID-19 in Childhood Cancer to capture de-identified data pertaining to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and adolescents (
Published: 2021

26. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Luxia Zhang, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Kairit Mikkel, Tiina Vlasoff, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Ilona Nenko, Magdalena Klimek, Mathilde Savy, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Alfonso Siani, Luís Lopes, Vanina Bongard, Gregor Jurak, Jacqueline F. Price, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Maria Lc Iurilli, Rainford J. Wilks, Bontha V. Babu, Fereidoun Azizi, Harunobu Nakamura, Marialaura Bonaccio, Angela Döring, Zhenyu Zhang, Naser Ahmadi, Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido, Clive Osmond, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Robert J. Adams, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Reina Engle-Stone, Atul Trivedi, Shoichiro Tsugane, Niels Møller, Jorge Bezerra, Dénes Molnár, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Badreya Al-Lahou, J. Jaime Miranda, Bahram Mohajer, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lital Keinan Boker, Eero Kajantie, Martin Gulliford, Maties Torrent, Sumit Bharadwaj, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Zbigniew Gaciong, Nayu Ikeda, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Marc J. Gunter, Wenbin Wei, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Eman Aly, Ambady Ramachandran, Nils Lehmann, Soile E. Puhakka, Giovanni Veronesi, Hongsheng Bi, Eiji Oda, Jia Li Duan, Per Tynelius, José María Huerta, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Hanno Ulmer, Shukri F. Mohamed, Anthony Kafatos, Suyeon Park, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Bin Zhou, May Soe Aung, Lars Bo Andersen, Erfan Ghasemi, René Charles Sylva, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Luc Dauchet, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Angela Chetrit, Dan Zhu, Valérie Deschamps, Ko Ko Zaw, Peter Vollenweider, Tomas Vega, Yves Martin-Prével, Mahfuzar Rahman, Dorja Vočanec, Roman Topor-Madry, Vinay Nangia, Herculina S. Kruger, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Aleksander Giwercman, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Cecilia Björkelund, Tatjana Hejgaard, Maria Puiu, Maria Benedetta Donati, Andrew Wong, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Dermot O'Reilly, Bahareh Kheiri, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susanne R. de Rooij, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Günther Fink, José R. Banegas, Michele Monroy-Valle, Drude Molbo, Mahmudur Rahman, Hynek Pikhart, Rafael N. Pichardo, Massimo Salvetti, Hui Cai, Sarah Filippi, Georg Posch, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Katsuyasu Kouda, Joana Carvalho, Gailute Bernotiene, Hannu Uusitalo, Thein Thein Htay, Felix Kaducu, Maigeng Zhou, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Michel Joffres, Sabina Zambon, Ronald D. Gregor, Vayia Rarra, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Loreto Santa Marina, Galina Obreja, Rudolf Kaaks, Aya Mostafa, Maria do Carmo Franco, Beata Gurzkowska, Chien-Jen Chen, Marie Moitry, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Xiangjun Wang, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Imperia Brajkovich, Fangfang Chen, Francesco Panza, Ling Yang, Holly E. Syddall, Cecily Kelleher, Michael Tornaritis, Ningli Wang, Lutgarde Thijs, Marjolein Visser, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, María José Tormo, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Norbert Amougou, Emmanuella Magriplis, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Jingli Gao, Stig E. Bojesen, Giuseppe Grosso, Seongjun Ha, Lauren Lissner, Mikhail Benet, Anastasia Markaki, Sanjay Rampal, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Angelique Chan, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Annamari Lundqvist, Philippe Amouyel, Kristyna Zejglicova, Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou, João Breda, Jørgen Meisfjord, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Kai-Uwe Saum, Vilma Irazola, Leng Huat Foo, Óscar Lopes, Dickman Gareta, Flavio Nervi, Imre Janszky, Ruzena Kubinova, Terho Lehtimäki, Mario V. Capanzana, Moyses Szklo, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Viswanathan Mohan, Shuohua Chen, Arvind Pandey, Luigi Palmieri, Roya Kelishadi, Srinivasan Kannan, Jie Mi, Robert Beaglehole, Liliana Dacica, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Mohan Deepa, Peter Ueda, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Hermann Pohlabeln, Morten Sodemann, Jytte Halkjær, Zbigniew Kułaga, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Henry Völzke, Karolina Milkowska, Zahra Mohammadi, Belgin Ünal, Magda Gasull, George S. Stergiou, Marshall K. 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Fuchs, Muhammad Islam, Irfan Nuhoglu, Rui Providência, Bernard Maire, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Sinead Brophy, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Daniela Pierannunzio, Cristina Taddei, Gowri Mahasampath, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Hanna Tolonen, Sudhir Kowlessur, Bagher Larijani, Laura Torres-Collado, Susi Kriemler, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Cynthia Robitaille, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Yufang Bi, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Line Tang Møllehave, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Noor Ani Ahmad, Anar Dushpanova, Agustinus Soemantri, Susana Sans, Ionela Pascanu, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Inger Ariansen, Kodanda R Kanala, Gert B. M. Mensink, Abhijit Sen, Sergej M. Ostojic, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Hélène Delisle, Francisco J. Félix-Redondo, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Michael Knoflach, Moein Yoosefi, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Wolfgang Ahrens, Osvaldo Santos, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Nikhil D. Patel, Reynaldo Martorell, Ching-Yu Cheng, Stine Schramm, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Jacek Jóźwiak, Radwan Qasrawi, Herman Borghs, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Heidi Klakk, Akram Pourshams, Naomi S. Levitt, Son Thai Pham, Simona Giampaoli, Dong Zhao, Indah Suci Widyahening, Merete Osler, Paula Margozzini, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Dora Romaguera, Monira Alarouj, Winsome R. Parnell, Marloes Cardol, Giota Touloumi, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Maryam Kavousi, Sanja Musić Milanović, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Jalila El Ati, Sauli Herrala, Liang Xu, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Bee Koon Poh, Luis Serra-Majem, Jonathan E. Shaw, Belong Cho, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Salvador Villalpando, Yuki Fujita, Tiffany K. Gill, Nish Chaturvedi, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Günay Can, Mark Woodward, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Ahmed A. Madar, Shoaib Afzal, Melanie J. Cowan, Gareth Stratton, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Sameer Narake, Norie Sawada, Deepak Amarapurkar, Deepa Weerasekera, Diana A. 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Aroor Bhagyalaxmi , Sumit Bharadwaj , Santosh K Bhargava , Zulfiqar A Bhutta , Hongsheng Bi , Yufang Bi , Daniel Bia , Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M Bikbov , Bihungum Bista , Dusko J Bjelica , Peter Bjerregaard , Espen Bjertness , Marius B Bjertness , Cecilia Björkelund , Katia V Bloch , Anneke Blokstra , Simona Bo , Martin Bobak , Lynne M Boddy , Bernhard O Boehm , Heiner Boeing , Jose G Boggia , Elena Bogova , Carlos P Boissonnet , Stig E Bojesen , Marialaura Bonaccio , Vanina Bongard , Alice Bonilla-Vargas , Matthias Bopp , Herman Borghs , Lien Braeckevelt , Lutgart Braeckman , Marjolijn Ce Bragt , Imperia Brajkovich , Francesco Branca , Juergen Breckenkamp , João Breda , Hermann Brenner , Lizzy M Brewster , Garry R Brian , Lacramioara Brinduse , Sinead Brophy , Graziella Bruno , H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita , Anna Bugge , Marta Buoncristiano , Genc Burazeri , Con Burns , Antonio Cabrera de León , Joseph Cacciottolo , Hui Cai , Tilema Cama , Christine Cameron , José Camolas , Günay Can , Ana Paula C Cândido , Felicia Cañete , Mario V Capanzana , Nadežda Capková , Eduardo Capuano , Vincenzo Capuano , Marloes Cardol , Viviane C Cardoso , Axel C Carlsson , Esteban Carmuega , Joana Carvalho , José A Casajús , Felipe F Casanueva , Ertugrul Celikcan , Laura Censi , Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza , Juraci A Cesar , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Angelique W Chan , Queenie Chan , Himanshu K Chaturvedi , Nish Chaturvedi , Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim , Miao Li Chee , Chien-Jen Chen , Fangfang Chen , Huashuai Chen , Shuohua Chen , Zhengming Chen , Ching-Yu Cheng , Bahman Cheraghian , Angela Chetrit , Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener , Arnaud Chiolero , Shu-Ti Chiou , María-Dolores Chirlaque , Belong Cho , Kaare Christensen , Diego G Christofaro , Jerzy Chudek , Renata Cifkova , Michelle Cilia , Eliza Cinteza , Frank Claessens , Janine Clarke , Els Clays , Emmanuel Cohen , Hans Concin , Susana C Confortin , Cyrus Cooper , Tara C Coppinger , Eva Corpeleijn , Simona Costanzo , Dominique Cottel , Chris Cowell , Cora L Craig , Amelia C Crampin , Ana B Crujeiras , Semánová Csilla , Alexandra M Cucu , Liufu Cui , Felipe V Cureau , Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska , Graziella D'Arrigo , Eleonora d'Orsi , Liliana Dacica , María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra , Jean Dallongeville , Camilla T Damsgaard , Rachel Dankner , Thomas M Dantoft , Parasmani Dasgupta , Saeed Dastgiri , Luc Dauchet , Kairat Davletov , Guy De Backer , Dirk De Bacquer , Giovanni de Gaetano , Stefaan De Henauw , Paula Duarte de Oliveira , David De Ridder , Karin De Ridder , Susanne R de Rooij , Delphine De Smedt , Mohan Deepa , Alexander D Deev , Vincent Jr DeGennaro , Abbas Dehghan , Hélène Delisle , Francis Delpeuch , Stefaan Demarest , Elaine Dennison , Katarzyna Dereń , Valérie Deschamps , Meghnath Dhimal , Augusto F Di Castelnuovo , Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa , María Elena Díaz-Sánchez , Alejandro Diaz , Zivka Dika , Shirin Djalalinia , Visnja Djordjic , Ha Tp Do , Annette J Dobson , Maria Benedetta Donati , Chiara Donfrancesco , Silvana P Donoso , Angela Döring , Maria Dorobantu , Ahmad Reza Dorosty , Kouamelan Doua , Nico Dragano , Wojciech Drygas , Jia Li Duan , Charmaine A Duante , Priscilla Duboz , Rosemary B Duda , Vesselka Duleva , Virginija Dulskiene , Samuel C Dumith , Anar Dushpanova , Vilnis Dzerve , Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk , Ricky Eddie , Ebrahim Eftekhar , Eruke E Egbagbe , Robert Eggertsen , Sareh Eghtesad , Gabriele Eiben , Ulf Ekelund , Mohammad El-Khateeb , Jalila El Ati , Denise Eldemire-Shearer , Marie Eliasen , Paul Elliott , Reina Engle-Stone , Macia Enguerran , Rajiv T Erasmus , Raimund Erbel , Cihangir Erem , Louise Eriksen , Johan G Eriksson , Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña , Saeid Eslami , Ali Esmaeili , Alun Evans , David Faeh , Albina A Fakhretdinova , Caroline H Fall , Elnaz Faramarzi , Mojtaba Farjam , Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo , Farshad Farzadfar , Mohammad Reza Fattahi , Asher Fawwad , Francisco J Felix-Redondo , Trevor S Ferguson , Romulo A Fernandes , Daniel Fernández-Bergés , Daniel Ferrante , Thomas Ferrao , Marika Ferrari , Marco M Ferrario , Catterina Ferreccio , Eldridge Ferrer , Jean Ferrieres , Thamara Hubler Figueiró , Anna Fijalkowska , Günther Fink , Krista Fischer , Leng Huat Foo , Maria Forsner , Heba M Fouad , Damian K Francis , Maria do Carmo Franco , Ruth Frikke-Schmidt , Guillermo Frontera , Flavio D Fuchs , Sandra C Fuchs , Isti I Fujiati , Yuki Fujita , Matsuda Fumihiko , Takuro Furusawa , Zbigniew Gaciong , Mihai Gafencu , Andrzej Galbarczyk , Henrike Galenkamp , Daniela Galeone , Myriam Galfo , Fabio Galvano , Jingli Gao , Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera , Marta García-Solano , Dickman Gareta , Sarah P Garnett , Jean-Michel Gaspoz , Magda Gasull , Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya , Anelise Reis Gaya , Andrea Gazzinelli , Ulrike Gehring , Harald Geiger , Johanna M Geleijnse , Ali Ghanbari , Erfan Ghasemi , Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea , Simona Giampaoli , Francesco Gianfagna , Tiffany K Gill , Jonathan Giovannelli , Glen Gironella , Aleksander Giwercman , Konstantinos Gkiouras , Justyna Godos , Sibel Gogen , Marcel Goldberg , Rebecca A Goldsmith , David Goltzman , Santiago F Gómez , Aleksandra Gomula , Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva , Helen Gonçalves , David A Gonzalez-Chica , Marcela Gonzalez-Gross , Margot González-Leon , Juan P González-Rivas , Clicerio González-Villalpando , María-Elena González-Villalpando , Angel R Gonzalez , Frederic Gottrand , Antonio Pedro Graça , Sidsel Graff-Iversen , Dušan Grafnetter , Aneta Grajda , Maria G Grammatikopoulou , Ronald D Gregor , Tomasz Grodzicki , Else Karin Grøholt , Anders Grøntved , Giuseppe Grosso , Gabriella Gruden , Dongfeng Gu , Emanuela Gualdi-Russo , Pilar Guallar-Castillón , Andrea Gualtieri , Elias F Gudmundsson , Vilmundur Gudnason , Ramiro Guerrero , Idris Guessous , Andre L Guimaraes , Martin C Gulliford , Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir , Marc J Gunter , Xiu-Hua Guo , Yin Guo , Prakash C Gupta , Rajeev Gupta , Oye Gureje , Beata Gurzkowska , Enrique Gutiérrez-González , Laura Gutierrez , Felix Gutzwiller , Seongjun Ha , Farzad Hadaegh , Charalambos A Hadjigeorgiou , Rosa Haghshenas , Hamid Hakimi , Jytte Halkjær , Ian R Hambleton , Behrooz Hamzeh , Dominique Hange , Abu Am Hanif , Sari Hantunen , Jie Hao , Rachakulla Hari Kumar , Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri , Maria Hassapidou , Jun Hata , Teresa Haugsgjerd , Jiang He , Yuan He , Yuna He , Regina Heidinger-Felso , Mirjam Heinen , Tatjana Hejgaard , Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks , Rafael Dos Santos Henrique , Ana Henriques , Leticia Hernandez Cadena , Sauli Herrala , Victor M Herrera , Isabelle Herter-Aeberli , Ramin Heshmat , Allan G Hill , Sai Yin Ho , Suzanne C Ho , Michael Hobbs , Michelle Holdsworth , Reza Homayounfar , Clara Homs , Wilma M Hopman , Andrea Rvr Horimoto , Claudia M Hormiga , Bernardo L Horta , Leila Houti , Christina Howitt , Thein Thein Htay , Aung Soe Htet , Maung Maung Than Htike , Yonghua Hu , José María Huerta , Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi , Laetitia Huiart , Constanta Huidumac Petrescu , Martijn Huisman , Abdullatif Husseini , Chinh Nguyen Huu , Inge Huybrechts , Nahla Hwalla , Jolanda Hyska , Licia Iacoviello , Jesús M Ibarluzea , Mohsen M Ibrahim , Norazizah Ibrahim Wong , M Arfan Ikram , Violeta Iotova , Vilma E Irazola , Takafumi Ishida , Muhammad Islam , Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam , Masanori Iwasaki , Jeremy M Jacobs , Hashem Y Jaddou , Tazeen Jafar , Kenneth James , Kazi M Jamil , Konrad Jamrozik , Imre Janszky , Edward Janus , Juel Jarani , Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin , Grazyna Jasienska , Ana Jelakovic , Bojan Jelakovic , Garry Jennings , Anjani Kumar Jha , Chao Qiang Jiang , Ramon O Jimenez , Karl-Heinz Jöckel , Michel Joffres , Mattias Johansson , Jari J Jokelainen , Jost B Jonas , Jitendra Jonnagaddala , Torben Jørgensen , Pradeep Joshi , Farahnaz Joukar , Dragana P Jovic , Jacek J Jóźwiak , Anne Juolevi , Gregor Jurak , Iulia Jurca Simina , Vesna Juresa , Rudolf Kaaks , Felix O Kaducu , Anthony Kafatos , Eero O Kajantie , Zhanna Kalmatayeva , Ofra Kalter-Leibovici , Yves Kameli , Freja B Kampmann , Kodanda R Kanala , Srinivasan Kannan , Efthymios Kapantais , Argyro Karakosta , Line L Kårhus , Khem B Karki , Marzieh Katibeh , Joanne Katz , Peter T Katzmarzyk , Jussi Kauhanen , Prabhdeep Kaur , Maryam Kavousi , Gyulli M Kazakbaeva , Ulrich Keil , Lital Keinan Boker , Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi , Roya Kelishadi , Cecily Kelleher , Han Cg Kemper , Andre P Kengne , Maryam Keramati , Alina Kerimkulova , Mathilde Kersting , Timothy Key , Yousef Saleh Khader , Davood Khalili , Kay-Tee Khaw , Bahareh Kheiri , Motahareh Kheradmand , Alireza Khosravi , Ilse Msl Khouw , Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer , Stefan Kiechl , Japhet Killewo , Dong Wook Kim , Hyeon Chang Kim , Jeongseon Kim , Jenny M Kindblom , Heidi Klakk , Magdalena Klimek , Jeannette Klimont , Jurate Klumbiene , Michael Knoflach , Bhawesh Koirala , Elin Kolle , Patrick Kolsteren , Jürgen König , Raija Korpelainen , Paul Korrovits , Magdalena Korzycka , 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Lind , Allan Linneberg , Lauren Lissner , Mieczyslaw Litwin , Lijuan Liu , Wei-Cheng Lo , Helle-Mai Loit , Khuong Quynh Long , Luis Lopes , Oscar Lopes , Esther Lopez-Garcia , Tania Lopez , Paulo A Lotufo , José Eugenio Lozano , Janice L Lukrafka , Dalia Luksiene , Annamari Lundqvist , Robert Lundqvist , Nuno Lunet , Charles Lunogelo , Michala Lustigová , Edyta Łuszczki , Guansheng Ma , Jun Ma , Xu Ma , George Ll Machado-Coelho , Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues , Luisa M Macieira , Ahmed A Madar , Stefania Maggi , Dianna J Magliano , Sara Magnacca , Emmanuella Magriplis , Gowri Mahasampath , Bernard Maire , Marjeta Majer , Marcia Makdisse , Päivi Mäki , Fatemeh Malekzadeh , Reza Malekzadeh , Rahul Malhotra , Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao , Sofia K Malyutina , Lynell V Maniego , Yannis Manios , Jim I Mann , Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei , Enzo Manzato , Paula Margozzini , Anastasia Markaki , Oonagh Markey , Eliza Markidou Ioannidou , Pedro Marques-Vidal , Larissa Pruner Marques , Jaume Marrugat , Yves Martin-Prevel , Rosemarie Martin , Reynaldo Martorell , Eva Martos , Katharina Maruszczak , Stefano Marventano , Luis P Mascarenhas , Shariq R Masoodi , Ellisiv B Mathiesen , Prashant Mathur , Alicia Matijasevich , Tandi E Matsha , Christina Mavrogianni , Artur Mazur , Jean Claude N Mbanya , Shelly R McFarlane , Stephen T McGarvey , Martin McKee , Stela McLachlan , Rachael M McLean , Scott B McLean , Breige A McNulty , Sounnia Mediene Benchekor , Jurate Medzioniene , Parinaz Mehdipour , Kirsten Mehlig , Amir Houshang Mehrparvar , Aline Meirhaeghe , Jørgen Meisfjord , Christa Meisinger , Ana Maria B Menezes , Geetha R Menon , Gert Bm Mensink , Maria Teresa Menzano , Alibek Mereke , Indrapal I Meshram , Andres Metspalu , Haakon E Meyer , Jie Mi , Kim F Michaelsen , Nathalie Michels , Kairit Mikkel , Karolina Milkowska , Jody C Miller , Cláudia S Minderico , G K Mini , Juan Francisco Miquel , Mohammad Reza Mirjalili , Daphne Mirkopoulou , Erkin Mirrakhimov , Marjeta 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Van Schoor , Irene Gm van Valkengoed , Dirk Vanderschueren , Diego Vanuzzo , Anette Varbo , Gregorio Varela-Moreiras , Patricia Varona-Pérez , Senthil K Vasan , Tomas Vega , Toomas Veidebaum , Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez , Biruta Velika , Giovanni Veronesi , Wm Monique Verschuren , Cesar G Victora , Giovanni Viegi , Lucie Viet , Salvador Villalpando , Paolo Vineis , Jesus Vioque , Jyrki K Virtanen , Marjolein Visser , Sophie Visvikis-Siest , Bharathi Viswanathan , Mihaela Vladulescu , Tiina Vlasoff , Dorja Vocanec , Peter Vollenweider , Henry Völzke , Ari Voutilainen , Sari Voutilainen , Martine Vrijheid , Tanja Gm Vrijkotte , Alisha N Wade , Aline Wagner , Thomas Waldhör , Janette Walton , Elvis Oa Wambiya , Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar , Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud , Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior , Ming-Dong Wang , Ningli Wang , Qian Wang , Xiangjun Wang , Ya Xing Wang , Ying-Wei Wang , S Goya Wannamethee , Nicholas Wareham , Adelheid Weber , Niels Wedderkopp , Deepa Weerasekera , Daniel Weghuber , Wenbin Wei , Aneta Weres , Bo Werner , Peter H Whincup , Kurt Widhalm , Indah S Widyahening , Andrzej Wiecek , Rainford J Wilks , Johann Willeit , Peter Willeit , Julianne Williams , Tom Wilsgaard , Bogdan Wojtyniak , Roy A Wong-McClure , Andrew Wong , Jyh Eiin Wong , Tien Yin Wong , Jean Woo , Mark Woodward , Frederick C Wu , Jianfeng Wu , Li Juan Wu , Shouling Wu , Haiquan Xu , Liang Xu , Nor Azwany Yaacob , Uruwan Yamborisut , Weili Yan , Ling Yang , Xiaoguang Yang , Yang Yang , Nazan Yardim , Mehdi Yaseri , Tabara Yasuharu , Xingwang Ye , Panayiotis K Yiallouros , Moein Yoosefi , Akihiro Yoshihara , Qi Sheng You , San-Lin You , Novie O Younger-Coleman , Safiah Md Yusof , Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff , Luciana Zaccagni , Vassilis Zafiropulos , Ahmad A Zainuddin , Seyed Rasoul Zakavi , Farhad Zamani , Sabina Zambon , Antonis Zampelas , Hana Zamrazilová , Maria Elisa Zapata , Abdul Hamid Zargar , Ko Ko Zaw , Tomasz Zdrojewski , Kristyna Zejglicova , Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic , Yi Zeng 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Paola, Nauck, Matthia, Neal, William A, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nekkantti, Chandini, Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Lii, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Nikitin, Yury P, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Nogueira, Helena, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nuhoglu, Irfan, Nurk, Eha, O'Neill, Terence W, O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M, Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Clae, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Örn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pagkalos, Ioanni, Pahomova, Elena, de Paiva, Karina Mary, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrio, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M, Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Pei, Gao, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peres, Marco A, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, Pérez, Cynthia M, Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iri, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M, Popovic, Stevo R, Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrio, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J, Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A, Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecová, Valéria, Revilla, Lui, Rezaianzadeh, Abba, Ribas-Barba, Lourde, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, de Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Rivera, Juan A, Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosario, Rafaela V, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rühli, Frank J, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safiri, Saeid, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, null, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santo, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savva, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schröder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sequera, Victor, Serra-Majem, Lui, Servais, Jennifer, Ševcíková, Ludmila, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Antonio M, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, Skodje, Gry, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugène, Sodemann, Morten, Söderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti YE, Soemantri, Agustinu, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A, Stamm, Hanspeter, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanovic, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, Suárez-Medina, Ramón, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sundström, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A, Sy, Rody G, Syddall, Holly E, Sylva, René Charle, Szklo, Moyse, Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanrygulyyeva, Maya, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Braunerová, Radka Taxová, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tchibindat, Félicité, Tebar, William R, Tell, Grethe S, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thomas, Nihal, Thuesen, Betina H, Tichá, Lubica, Timmermans, Erik J, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Matie, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzotzas, Themistokli, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora AM, Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio, Varona-Pérez, Patricia, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Toma, Veidebaum, Tooma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Victora, Cesar G, Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visser, Marjolein, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhör, Thoma, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Md Yusof, Safiah, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassili, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Ko Zaw, Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zuziak, Monika, Ezzati, Majid, Filippi, Sarah, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Population -- Health aspects, Leanness, Baixo peso/Underweight, none, Double burden, alipainoisuus, tulotaso, global health, systematic analysis, Sedentary behaviors, RC1200, Prospective associations, 0302 clinical medicine, underweight, nälänhätä, Biology (General), skin and connective tissue diseases, Children, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Body mass index, Human Nutrition & Health, education.field_of_study, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, ylipaino, General Medicine, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, World health, Medicine, A100 Pre-clinical Medicine, Population distribution, medicine.medical_specialty, QH301-705.5, Science, Socio-culturale, Nursing, Social sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Thinness, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, BMI, epidemiology, obesity, None, Humans, Obesidade/Obesity, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, education, VLAG, US adults, Omvårdnad, body mass index, malnutrition, obesity, underweight, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, terveellisyys, Obesity, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Risk Factors, General Biochemistry, WIAS, lihavuus, RA, Demography, N.A, double burden, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, alueelliset erot, Nutrition and Disease, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Change distribution of body mass index, RA0421, Voeding en Ziekte, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Global health, Índice de massa corporal/Body Mass Index, 030212 general & internal medicine, Underweight, painoindeksi, 2. Zero hunger, General Neuroscience, aliravitsemus, elintarvikkeet, health, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Diervoeding, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.03 [https], Chinese adults, pooled analysis, medicine.symptom, Diet quality, B120 Physiology, Research Article, trends, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https], prevalence, Population, Mothers, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3121 Internal medicine, medicine, Life Science, ddc:610, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, kehonkoostumus, Nutrition, Australian adults, General Immunology and Microbiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.04 [https], Ciências sociais, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, Epidemiology and Global Health, sense organs, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions., Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, peer-reviewed
Published: 2021

27. Towards better understanding of giant cell granulomas of the oral cavity

Author: Aparna Naidu and Atif A. Ahmed
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Stromal cell, Adolescent, Biopsy, Giant Cells, Immunophenotyping, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Diagnosis, Differential, Pathogenesis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Granuloma, Giant Cell, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Neurofibromatosis, Child, Aged, Cell Proliferation, Mouth, business.industry, Mesenchymal stem cell, 030206 dentistry, General Medicine, Aneurysmal bone cyst, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Giant cell, Child, Preschool, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Granuloma, Mutation, Noonan syndrome, Female, Mouth Diseases, business
Abstract: Giant cell granulomas are enigmatic lesions of the oral cavity characterised by a peculiar combined proliferation of mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells in a mesenchymal stromal background. Central and peripheral giant cell granulomas may have similar pathogenesis and histology but differ in their location and biological behaviour. It is important to differentiate them from other giant cell lesions that can occur in the oral cavity, such as giant cell tumour of the bone, aneurysmal bone cyst, brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism, and giant cell lesions of Ramon syndrome, Noonan syndrome, neurofibromatosis and Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome. A recent insight into their molecular genetics and pathogenesis, with identification of KRAS, FGFR1 and TRPV4 mutations, allows for better diagnostic differentiation and opens the door to the use of pathway inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent or dysmorphic lesions. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the clinical and pathological features of oral cavity giant cell granulomas that help with their precise diagnosis and management.
Published: 2021

28. Readmission following urgent transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus urgent balloon aortic valvuloplasty in patients with decompensated heart failure or cardiogenic shock

Author: Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay, Parija Sharedalal, Hasan Ahmad, Birendra Amgai, Srihari S. Naidu, Martin Cohen, Syed Zaid, J. Dawn Abbott, Sandipan Chakraborty, Neelkumar Patel, and Adrija Hajra
Subjects: Balloon Valvuloplasty, medicine.medical_specialty, Transcatheter aortic, medicine.medical_treatment, Shock, Cardiogenic, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Balloon, Patient Readmission, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Retrospective Studies, Heart Failure, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, Aortic Valve Stenosis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Aortic valvuloplasty, Stenosis, Treatment Outcome, Aortic Valve, Heart failure, Propensity score matching, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Urgent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a feasible option for aortic stenosis (AS) patients with decompensated heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock (CS) as compared to the more traditional urgent balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV).We conducted a retrospective analysis to compare risk and cause of readmission in these two high-risk groups.Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) 2011-2014 was retrospectively analyzed to identify patients with AS having either urgent TAVI or urgent BAV using appropriate ICD-9 codes. Propensity scores were used to match patients with urgent TAVI as compared to patients with urgent BAV. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata 15.1 software.We identified a weighted sample of 6,670 patients with urgent BAV and 6,964 patients with urgent TAVI. The all-cause 30- and 90-day readmission was lower in the urgent TAVI group compared to urgent BAV (15.4 vs. 22.5%, (aHR): 0.92 [0.90-0.95] p .001). 30-day readmission due to CV cause and HF was also lower in the urgent TAVI group (aHR, 0.93: p .001 and aHR, 0.98: p = .040, respectively). The 30-day gastrointestinal (GI) bleed readmission rate was three times higher in urgent TAVI group (aHR, 3.00:95% CI (1.23-7.33), p = .016), but was not statistically significant at 90-days. Cardiac causes of readmission were the predominant cause of readmission in both groups, but more pronounced in urgent BAV group (60.3 vs. 40.5%, p .001).Urgent TAVI appears beneficial in patients with AS and decompensated HF or CS driven by roughly 10 and 25% reductions in overall readmissions at 30 and 90 days, and marked reductions in reintervention, although offset partially by higher risk of readmission due to GI bleeding at 30 days.
Published: 2021

29. Effect of Mitral Valve Gradient After MitraClip on Outcomes in Secondary Mitral Regurgitation

Author: Neil J. Weissman, Federico M. Asch, Paul A. Grayburn, Zachary M. Gertz, Michael J. Mack, JoAnn Lindenfeld, William T. Abraham, Gregg W. Stone, Howard C. Herrmann, Scott Lim, Yiran Zhang, Saibal Kar, BS Suveeksha Naidu, and Rim Halaby
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Mitral regurgitation, Mitral valve repair, business.industry, MitraClip, medicine.medical_treatment, Hazard ratio, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 03 medical and health sciences, Stenosis, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, Mitral valve, Heart failure, Cardiology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Objectives The authors sought to evaluate the association between mean mitral valve gradient (MVG) and clinical outcomes among patients who underwent MitraClip treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) in the COAPT (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation) trial. Background In the COAPT trial, patients with heart failure (HF) and severe SMR who remained symptomatic despite guideline-directed medical therapy had marked 2-year reductions in mortality and HF hospitalizations after treatment with MitraClip. Methods MitraClip-treated patients were divided into quartiles (Q) based on discharge echocardiographic MVG (n = 250). Endpoints including all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization, and health status measures at 2 years were compared between quartiles. Results Mean MVG after MitraClip was 2.1 ± 0.4 mm Hg, 3.0 ± 0.2 mm Hg, 4.2 ± 0.5 mm Hg, and 7.2 ± 2.0 mm Hg in Q1 (n = 63), Q2 (n = 61), Q3 (n = 62), and Q4 (n = 64), respectively. There was no difference across quartiles in the 2-year composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization (43.2%, 49.2%, 40.6%, and 40.9%, respectively; p = 0.80), nor in improvements in New York Heart Association functional class, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score, or 6-min walk time. Results were similar after adjustment for baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, post-procedure MR grade, and number of clips (all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization Q4 [44.6%] vs. Q1 to Q3 [40.3%]; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 2.51; p = 0.57). Conclusions Among HF patients with severe SMR, higher MVGs on discharge did not adversely affect clinical outcomes following MitraClip. These findings suggest that in select patients with HF and SMR otherwise meeting the COAPT inclusion criteria, the benefits of MR reduction may outweigh the effects of mild-to-moderate mitral stenosis after MitraClip.
Published: 2021

30. Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease: A narrative review

Author: Jasjit S. Suri, Vijay Viswanathan, Surinder Dhanjil, Narendra N. Khanna, Raghu Kolluri, Aditya Sharma, Ankush D Jamthikar, Amer M. Johri, Misha Majhail, Luca Saba, Vikas Agarwal, Vasilios Kotsis, Subbaram Naidu, Anudeep Puvvula, George D. Kitas, and Durga Prasanna Misra
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Review, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes mellitus, 0302 clinical medicine, Bidirectional association, Imaging tools, Internal medicine, Pandemic, Internal Medicine, medicine, business.industry, Mortality rate, COVID-19, Cardiovascular disease, medicine.disease, Atherosclerotic burden, Narrative review, business
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher mortality rate than non-DM patients if they get COVID-19. Recent studies have indicated that patients with a history of diabetes can increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Additionally, patients without any history of diabetes can acquire new-onset DM when infected with COVID-19. Thus, there is a need to explore the bidirectional link between these two conditions, confirming the vicious loop between "DM/COVID-19". This narrative review presents (1) the bidirectional association between the DM and COVID-19, (2) the manifestations of the DM/COVID-19 loop leading to cardiovascular disease, (3) an understanding of primary and secondary factors that influence mortality due to the DM/COVID-19 loop, (4) the role of vitamin-D in DM patients during COVID-19, and finally, (5) the monitoring tools for tracking atherosclerosis burden in DM patients during COVID-19 and "COVID-triggered DM" patients. We conclude that the bidirectional nature of DM/COVID-19 causes acceleration towards cardiovascular events. Due to this alarming condition, early monitoring of atherosclerotic burden is required in "Diabetes patients during COVID-19" or "new-onset Diabetes triggered by COVID-19 in Non-Diabetes patients".
Published: 2021

31. Study on serum copper, zinc and selenium trace element levels in Psoriasis

Author: K Ramalingam, M Deepthi, Mahaboob V. Shaik, Vijaya Mohan Rao, and M. Prasad Naidu
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Serum copper, Zinc, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, chemistry, Internal medicine, Psoriasis, Healthy volunteers, medicine, Etiology, Outpatient clinic, Copper levels, business, Selenium
Abstract: Introduction: Psoriasis is one of the skin disorder, mainly characterized by scaly papules and plaques. The etiology of psoriasis is multifactorial and still not properly understood. In our study, we tried to elucidate the relation between psoriasis and trace elemens namely Zinc, Copper and Selenium. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 50 psoriasis patients with 37 males and 13 females, with 10- 80 years age. The patients were randomly selected from the outpatient clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy Department, Narayana medical college and hospital. The age, sex matched 50 healthy volunteers included as controls in this study. Levels of serum Copper (Cu), Zinc(Zn), and Selenium(Se) analysed using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometery. Results: In our study, the mean Serum Zinc, Selenium and Copper levels were 61.968015.96824, 64.206017.44780 and 56.41208.51976 respectively, lower than the controls which was stastically significant (P Conclusion: In psoriasis, serum Cu, Zn and Se levels were observed to be low, needs to manage therapeutically by oral supplementation. More studies are required to carryout to standardize the diagnostic levels of Cu, Zn and Se and their role in psoriasis pathogenseis. Keywords: Psoriasis, Zinc, Copper, Selenium P Value 0667 0266.
Published: 2021

32. SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF MEDIAN NERVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS OF CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Author: Maripi Gnani, Sirisha Naidu, Ch. Madhavi, and G.S. Kejriwal
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Median nerve, nervous system diseases, body regions, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Nuclear medicine, business, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract: Background: Although controversial, recent studies have demonstrated advantages of sonographic techniques in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of median nerve ultrasonography in the diagnosis of CTS in Indian patients. Methods: Ninety patents with clinically suspected CTS were studied. Based on gold standard electromyography/nerve conduction ve-locity studies, wrists with CTS were divided into three groups on the basis of severity of CTS, ie, mild, moderate, and severe. In addition, both sides of the wrist were examined using sonography. Transverse images of the median nerve were obtained and median nerve cross-section areas were measured at three levels, ie, immediately proximal to the carpal tunnel inlet, at the carpal tunnel inlet, and at the carpal tunnel outlet. Furthermore, flexor retinaculum thickness was evaluated. Results: The mean age of the studied patients was 48.52  12.17 years. Median values of the median nerve cross-section at the carpal tunnel in-let, carpal tunnel outlet, and proximal carpal tunnel significantly differed between the wrists with and without CTS (P < 0.05). Comparisons be-tween the CTS groups (mild, moderate, and severe) and non-CTS wrists demonstrated that the median cross-sections of median nerve at the carpal tunnel inlet, carpal tunnel outlet, and inlet proximal carpal tunnel were significantly greater in the severe CTS group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). The results showed that the median nerve cross-section at the three levels of carpal tunnel could only fairly differentiate se-vere CTS from other cases. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that median nerve ultrasonography cannot replace the gold standard test (nerve conduction velocity) for the diagnosis of CTS because of low overall sensitivity and specificity, although it might provide useful information in some patients.
Published: 2021

33. Combined chemotherapy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided intratumoral 32P implantation for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a pilot study

Author: Chuan Ping Tan, Karen Ho, Nam Q. Nguyen, William Hsieh, Dylan Bartholomeusz, Jeevinesh Naidu, Andrew Ruszkiewicz, Joshua Zobel, John W. Chen, Nimit Singhal, Benjamin Crouch, Paul M. Dolan, Romina Safaeian, and Deborah Calnan
Subjects: Endoscopic ultrasound, Chemotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Gastroenterology, Combination chemotherapy, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Clinical trial, Interquartile range, Multicenter trial, medicine, Adenocarcinoma, Radiology, business
Abstract: Background This study evaluated clinical outcomes of combined chemotherapy and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided intratumoral radioactive phosphorus-32 (32P) implantation in locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC). Methods Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed LAPC were recruited over 20 months. Baseline computed tomography and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography were performed and repeated after 12 weeks to assess treatment response. Following two cycles of conventional chemotherapy, patients underwent EUS-guided 32P implantation followed by six chemotherapy cycles. Results 12 patients with LAPC (median age 69 years [interquartile range 61.5–73.3]; 8 male) completed treatment. Technical success was 100 % with no procedural complications. At 12 weeks, median reduction in tumor volume was 8.2 cm3 (95 % confidence interval 4.95–10.85; P = 0.003), with minimal or no 18FDG uptake in nine patients (75 %). Tumor downstaging was achieved in six patients (50 %), leading to successful resection in five (42 %), including four R0 resections (80 %). Conclusions EUS-guided 32P implantation was feasible, well tolerated, and resulted in a 42 % surgical resection rate. Further evaluation in a larger randomized multicenter trial is warranted.
Published: 2021

34. Sex differences in heart failure hospitalisation risk following acute myocardial infarction

Author: Srihari S. Naidu, Falak Shah, Howard A. Cooper, William H. Frishman, Gregg M. Lanier, Julio A. Panza, Wilbert S. Aronow, Gayatri Pemmasani, Diwakar Jain, Aaqib H. Malik, and Srikanth Yandrapalli
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Adolescent, Myocardial Infarction, Baseline risk, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Primary outcome, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Sex Distribution, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Heart Failure, Inpatients, business.industry, Incidence, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, United States, Hospitalization, Heart failure, Cohort, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: ObjectiveWe evaluated the sex differences in 6-month heart failure (HF) hospitalisation risk in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) survivors.MethodsFor this retrospective cohort analysis, adult survivors of an AMI between January and June 2014 were identified from the US Nationwide Readmissions Database. The primary outcome was a HF hospitalisation within 6 months. Secondary outcomes were fatal HF hospitalisation and the composite of index in-hospital HF or 6-month HF hospitalisation.ResultsOf 237 549 AMI survivors, females (37.9%) were older (70±14 years vs 65±13 years; pConclusionIn a large all-comers AMI survivors’ cohort, females had a higher HF hospitalisation risk that persisted after adjustment for baseline risk differences. This was consistent across several clinically relevant subgroups and was evident early on after the AMI.
Published: 2021

35. Coronavirus and Nutrition

Author: Peter Pressman, Roger Clemens, and A. Satyanarayan Naidu
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Disease, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Micronutrient, Bioinformatics, Obesity, Herd immunity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Cytokine storm, business, Coronavirus
Abstract: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, global medical research has undertaken a relentless quest to unravel the virulence mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, the innate barriers of host defense, the surveillance of progress toward herd immunity, and the attempts to quickly identify and evaluate novel or alternative coronavirus interventions. This nutrition update highlights the important role of dietary factors in achieving optimum health and also explores possible approaches to augmenting innate host defenses. The potential anti-coronavirus benefits of micronutrients and macronutrients (ie, minerals, vitamins, lipids, proteins and polyphenols) to combat COVID-19 infection through inhibition of viral targets on human cell surface (ie, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) for docking, entry, and replication and, furthermore, to regulate immune and inflammatory responses (cytokine storm), oxidative stress (redox imbalance), and normal signaling pathways to the reduce health risks among vulnerable populations (ie, elderly) with metabolic disorders (ie, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, asthma) and recovery of patients to normal health are discussed.
Published: 2021

36. Unstable acetabular fracture, a prospective evaluation of outcome of surgical management in tertiary care hospital

Author: KV Dhanwantary Naidu, P Sunil Kumar, Vemula Bhanu Prakesh, and Alla Karthik
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General surgery, Acetabular fracture, medicine, Tertiary care hospital, medicine.disease, business, Outcome (game theory), Prospective evaluation
Published: 2021

37. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) infection and its impact on cancer patients receiving radiation therapy: Prevalence, protection, and clinical effects

Author: Ranjit Bajpai, Omkar Jadhav, Sandeep Shinde, Deshpande Sudesh, Kamalnayan Chauhan, Rajasi Dharia, Ravindra Rohekar, Santosh Ullagaddi, R. Kabre, J Anand Vivek, Ritika Hinduja, Neeta Parmar, Umbarkar Prakash, Preeti Goraksha, Prashant Kamble, Kannan Venkatesan, Jyothy Nambiar, Ashwini Jejurkar, S. Naidu, Madhvi Tawde, and Priyanka Alurkar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), medicine.medical_treatment, R895-920, Cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.disease, Virus, law.invention, Radiation therapy, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, covid-19, law, Throat, Internal medicine, Quarantine, Pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, medicine, business, radiotherapy, RC254-282
Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. It had an overwhelming effect on health-care delivery in India. We report the 5 months, April–September 2020, experience in our radiotherapy (RT) department. Methods: Since April–September 2020, we registered 184 cancer patients with various site diseases for RT/chemoradiation treatment for curative/palliative therapy. Preregistration and weekly once during treatment period all underwent throat/nasopharynx swab testing with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Dedicated infection prophylaxis was carried for patients and staff. Results: Of the 184 patients, 10.9% (20/184) swab results were positive for SARS-CoV-2. With appropriate COVID-19 care and quarantine, 18 patients completed the planned RT. Two died with COVID-19 infection illness and progressive locoregional cancer. We observed no excess acute RT/chemoradiation effects in this group due to infection. Conclusions: Our 5-month experience in this COVID-19 pandemic period reveals that RT treatment, COVID-19 care, and quarantine can be done with dedicated infection protective measures.
Published: 2021

38. Factors Associated with Low Screening Participation and Late Presentation of Cancer amongst Women in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A Systematic Review

Author: Nicola Wiseman, Neil David John Harris, and Carol Kartika Naidu
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, mass screening, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Genital Neoplasms, Female, media_common.quotation_subject, Pacific Island, MEDLINE, neoplasms, Disease, Pacific Islands, Health Services Accessibility, 03 medical and health sciences, Presentation, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, Cancer screening, medicine, participation, Humans, Socioeconomic status, media_common, business.industry, Cancer, General Medicine, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Prognosis, early detection of cancer, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Female, women, Patient Participation, business, Inclusion (education), Research Article
Abstract: Background and Objective: In most Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), cancer patients commonly present at very late stages and by the time the disease is diagnosed, it is often too late for treatment. This review examines the evidence on factors associated with low cancer screening participation and late presentation of cancer among women of the PICTs. Materials and Methods: Medline, PubMed, ProQuest and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched to identify relevant studies for this review. Terms of medical subject headings was performed in combination with other key words such as “screening”, “delay”, “determinants”, “awareness”. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. Six factors were identified from these studies: resources and facilities, trust in the health care system, culture and tradition, modesty, awareness and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Due to several barriers and factors, women in the PICTs are hindered from accessing cancer screening practices and often present late with cancer symptoms leading to advanced stage diagnosis. The findings of this study provide a foundation for future studies that could focus more in-depth to explain how these factors contribute to the presentation of cancer in late stages.
Published: 2021

39. A classic case of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema

Author: Lakshmoji Naidu Kotipalli, Mani Kruthika Mantha, Tarun Kumar Suvvari, and Tejaswi Kota
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Bevacizumab, genetic structures, fluorescein angiogram, bevacizumab, central retinal vein occlusion (crvo), Central retinal vein occlusion, Diabetes mellitus, Ophthalmology, Gonioscopy, medicine, Iris (anatomy), Intravitreal bevacizumab, Risk factor, Macular edema, macular edema, medicine.diagnostic_test, diabetes, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, unilateral ischemic crvo, Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a significant cause of marked or total loss of vision in the middle-aged and elderly population. The patient was a 54-year-old man with a history of uncontrolled diabetes and was given seven intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injections as treatment. The patient was advised to follow-up during the next 6 months, including gonioscopy and undilated examination of the iris to look for the iris/disc neovascularization. We presented a classic case of unilateral ischemic CRVO with macular edema, in whom diabetes is the leading risk factor. Close follow-up and diabetes control are advisable to prevent a similar scenario.
Published: 2021

40. Left sided ablation for Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entrant Tachycardia: Frequency, Characteristics and Outcomes

Author: Nitin Annarapu, Edla Arjun Padmakumar, Mohammed Omer, Narasaraju Kavalipati, Shivaprasad Naidu, Premchand M, Mukharjee Madivada, Mohammed Arif, Pankaj Jariwala, Anil Krishna G, Papani Sridhar, Ramagiri Balaji, Kumar Narayanan, and Sharath Reddy A
Subjects: Tachycardia, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Ablation, Left sided, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Mitral, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Mitral annulus, cardiovascular diseases, Cycle length, business.industry, medicine.disease, Left-sided, lcsh:RC666-701, Clinical recurrence, Cardiology, AVNRT, Re entrant, Original Article, Supraventricular tachycardia, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Trans-septal
Abstract: Background Left-sided ablation, targeting left inferior AV nodal extensions, is thought to be necessary for success in a small proportion of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) ablations; however Indian data are scarce in this regard. Methods Consecutive cases of AVNRT undergoing slow pathway ablation in a single centre over an 18-month period were retrospectively analyzed. Left-sided ablation at the posteroseptal mitral annulus was performed if right-sided ablation failed to abolish AVNRT. Results From January 2017 to June 2018, out of 215 consecutive supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) cases, 154 (71.6%) were AVNRT (47.1 ± 13.1 years, 46.1% male). Trans-septal ablation was required in 5 (3.2%) cases (mean age 48.8 ± 9.4 years; 4 female, 1 male); all with typical (slow-fast) form of AVNRT. Compared with cases needing only right-sided ablation, radiofrequency time (50.8 ± 16.9 vs. 9.9 ± 8.5 min; p = 0.005) and procedure time (166.0 ± 35.0 vs 79.6 ± 35.9 min; p = 0.004) were significantly longer for trans-septal cases, while baseline intervals and tachycardia cycle length were not significantly different. Junctional ectopy was seen in only 2 of the 5 cases during left-sided ablation, but acute success (non-inducibility) was obtained in 3 cases. There were no instances of AV block. Over mean follow-up of 12.2 ± 4.0 months, clinical recurrence of AVNRT occurred in one case, while others remained arrhythmia-free without medication. Conclusion Left-sided ablation was required in a small proportion of AVNRT ablations. Trans-septal approach targeting the posteroseptal mitral annulus was safe and yielded good mid-term clinical success.
Published: 2021

41. A comparative study of perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated with isolated oligohydramnios and oligohydramnios with intrauterine growth restriction

Author: Batchu Surekha Naidu and Katta Aravinda
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Obstetrics, business.industry, medicine, Intrauterine growth restriction, Oligohydramnios, Perinatal outcome, medicine.disease, Isolated oligohydramnios, business
Published: 2021

42. An Interesting Case of Heart Failure in a Patient with Bicuspid Aortic Valve - Unveiling the Diagnosis of Amyloidosis

Author: Srinivas Ravi, Kiranmayi K Anjani, O Adikesava Naidu, Reddy P Kmk, and N. Praveen
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Bicuspid aortic valve, business.industry, Heart failure, Amyloidosis, Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, medicine.disease, business
Abstract: Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCMP) is infrequent in occurrence compared to the other cardiomyopathies. The stiff ventricular walls impair the diastolic function, increase the filling pressures, and thereby result in heart failure. Amyloidosis, a systemic disorder is the most common cause of RCMP. The amyloid diagnosis is often missed as the features are masqueraded by the presence of other conditions. The Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital anomaly of the cardiovascular system occurring in approximately 0.5-2% of the general population. We present a case of bicuspid aortic valvular heart disease masking the amyloidosis with heart failure in a middle-aged male.
Published: 2020

43. Breast Sarcomas: Rare but Challenging Entity for Diagnosis

Author: Krishnam Raju A, Subramanyeshwar Rao T, Raju Kvvn, Daphne Fonseca, K Suseela, Mohan Krishna Pasam, Naidu C K, Vishal Rao B, Sudha S Murthy, and Rashmi Khemani
Subjects: Leiomyosarcoma, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast Sarcoma, business.industry, Phyllodes tumor, Liposarcoma, medicine.disease, Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, Angiosarcoma, Sarcoma, business, Rhabdomyosarcoma, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Background: Breast sarcomas are extremely rare, can be primary or secondary, pose a high risk of recurrence with an overall poor prognosis. Primary breast sarcomas constitute < 1% of all primary breast malignancies and less than 5% of all sarcomas. Sarcomas arising in phyllodes tumors account for < 6 % of all phyllodes tumors. The most common subtype of both primary and secondary sarcoma is angiosarcoma. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed as sarcoma of breast (excluding malignant phyllodes and metaplastic carcinoma) during the period from January 2016 to July 2019. The demographic and clinical features were noted from the medical records. The details of gross specimens (grossed in strict accordance with CAP protocols) were noted. The haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides along with immunohistochemistry (IHC) (pan cytokeratin, calponin, vimentin, SMA, CD117, Ki 67, desmin, CD10, CK5/6, EMA, p63, CD34, CD56, myogenin, CD99, p16, S100, BCL2, CD31, caldesmon and CD68) were reviewed and categorized according to WHO (2019) criteria. Result: The median age of patients was fifty years. There were fourteen breast sarcomas including one arising in phyllodes tumor during the study period. These included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (4), liposarcoma (2), myxofibrosarcoma (2), angiosarcoma (2), one each of leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and stromal sarcoma. Despite using a wide panel of IHC markers, 4/14 (28.57%) sarcomas were classified as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Conclusion: Primary breast sarcomas are rare tumors and pose diagnostic challenge. It is important to categorize these entities in view of the differing biologic behavior and molecular profiles. Morphology along with IHC is important for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Published: 2020

44. Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 in Adults and Children: Experience From India

Author: Marco Gattorno, Amita Aggarwal, K G Chengappa, Aaadhar Dhooria, Sanjay Jain, Pankaj Gupta, Juan I. Aróstegui, Rajesh Bhojwani, Saket Jha, Vikas Sharma, V K Chaturvedi, Kusum Sharma, Pallavi Pimpale Chavan, Manphool Singhal, Manish Rathi, Pui Y. Lee, Qing Zhou, Alice Grossi, Gsrsnk Naidu, Prateek Bhatia, Rajkiran Dudam, Sathish Kumar, Vikas Gupta, Rohini Handa, Eugene P. Chambers, Jun Wang, Raju Khubchandani, Ramesh Jois, Varun Dhir, Sagar Bhattad, Durga Prasanna Misra, Banwari Sharma, Vir Singh Negi, Vishal Sharma, Michael S. Hershfield, Vikas Agarwal, Ranjana W. Minz, Sourabh Malaviya, Ivona Aksentijevich, Ritambhra Nada, Z. Huang, and Aman Sharma
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, business.industry, Anemia, Immunology, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Rheumatology, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Age of onset, Young adult, business, Vasculitis, Immunodeficiency, Systemic vasculitis
Abstract: Objective Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a potentially fatal monogenic syndrome characterized by variable manifestations of systemic vasculitis, bone marrow failure, and immunodeficiency. Most cases are diagnosed by pediatric care providers, given the typical early age of disease onset. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical phenotypes and treatment response both in adults and in children with DADA2 in India. Methods A retrospective analysis of pediatric and adult patients with DADA2 diagnosed at various rheumatology centers across India was conducted. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and treatment responses were analyzed in all subjects. Results In total, 33 cases of DADA2 were confirmed in this cohort between April 2017 and March 2020. Unlike previous studies, nearly one-half of the confirmed cases presented during adulthood. All symptomatic patients exhibited features of vasculitis, whereas constitutional symptoms and anemia were more common in pediatric patients. Cutaneous and neurologic involvement were common, and 18 subjects had experienced at least one stroke. In addition, the clinical spectrum of DADA2 was expanded by recognition of novel features in these patients, including pancreatic infarction, focal myocarditis, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) was initiated in 25 patients. All of the identified disease manifestations showed marked improvement after initiation of TNFi, and disease remission was achieved in 19 patients. Two cases were complicated by tuberculosis infection, and 2 deaths were reported. Conclusion This report presents the first case series of patients with DADA2 from India, diagnosed by adult and pediatric care providers. The findings raise awareness of this syndrome, particularly with regard to its presentation in adults.
Published: 2020

45. Study of high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author: K. Prathibha Bharathi, M. Krishnamma, M. Prasad, Shivakumar, and Jupalle Nagaiah Naidu
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, C-reactive protein, Protein metabolism, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammation, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, biology.protein, medicine.symptom, Prospective cohort study, Stroke
Abstract: Introduction: The Diabetes mellitus was characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The two broad categories of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes. The role of elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a risk marker for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease is well established through consistent results from a number of prospective studies. More recent data suggest that hs-CRP is superior to other markers of inflammation for risk evaluation. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of one year on outpatients attending the General Medicine Department at Narayana General Hospital, Nellore. The study was undertaken on 50 type 2 Diabetes mellitus and 50 normal healthy controls. Both male and females in the age group of 35 – 70 years were included. Results: Fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, and hs-CRP levels was measured in 50 T2DM cases and 50 age matched healthy controls. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for all the Biochemical parameters. The significance between the groups were determined using Student t- test for Equality of means. The p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is increase in hs-CRP levels in T2DM cases compared with controls. hs-CRP is an inflammatory marker and has role in atherosclerosis. From this study it is observed that there is moderate correlation between hs-CRP levels and it increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, hs-CRP, Hyperglycemia, Inflammation.
Published: 2020

46. Study of high sensitive c-reactive protein in preeclampsia

Author: M. Krishnamma, K. Ramalingam, M. Prasad, P. Aruna, and Jupalle Nagaiah Naidu
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Proteinuria, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, C-reactive protein, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Preeclampsia, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Lipoprotein oxidation, medicine.symptom, Endothelial dysfunction, Lipid profile, Dyslipidemia
Abstract: Introduction: Preeclampsia is a serious complication of the second half of pregnancy and is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Measurement of circulatory inflammatory markers of endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation may provide an alternative method of detecting women at high risk of delivery. Women with a history of pre-eclampsia have an increased succeptibiliy to lipoprotein oxidation when compared to women who had normal pregnancy. Aims and objectives: The present study was designed to study hsCRP in association with blood pressure, proteinuria and lipid profile as markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out for one year on diagnosed patients of Preeclampsia attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of obstetrics and Gynecology department of Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore. The study was undertaken on 50 Preeclampsia cases and 50 normal pregnant women as controls. Results: In our study hs-CRP levels were significantly elevated in cases when compared to control subjects. Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL values were elevated in total cases when compared to controls. However the decrease in HDL cholesterol was not significant when compared to controls. Conclusion: Elevated levels of LDL undergo oxidation to form oxidized LDL, which is involved in inflammation and free radical generation. Increased inflammation leads to increased levels of hsCRP, which is further associated with dyslipidemia, an important cardiovascular risk factor in preeclampsia. Keywords: Preeclampsia, hsCRP, Systolic Blood pressure, Dyslipidemia, urine protein creatinine ratio (P/C ratio), Pregnancy induced hypertension
Published: 2020

47. Role of GeneXpert MTB/Rif in detection of tuberculosis from clinical samples: A report from a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai

Author: Susan Cherian, Raji Naidu, and Sunayana M. Jangla
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, business.industry, Urine, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytology, Internal medicine, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Synovial fluid, Sputum, Histopathology, medicine.symptom, business, Lymph node
Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) causes severe morbidity and mortality in millions of people every year, worldwide and India in particular. Hence this study was undertaken to find out the role of the widely used GeneXpertMTB/Rif test in tuberculosis detection. Materials and Methods: A total of 155 samples (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) from patients clinically suspected to have tuberculosis were received for testing by ZN (Ziehl-Neelsen) stain and GeneXpert/MTB Rif. These samples were also processed for histopathology or cytology and mycobacterial culture on request of clinician. The results were studied and compared. Result: Out of the total samples received, lymph node aspirates were 23%,pleural fluid 20%,sputum 19%,pus 10%,tissue 8%,ascitic fluid 8%,cerebrospinal fluid 7%,endometrial tissue 3%,synovial fluid 1% and urine 1%.Nine sputum samples (31%) were positive by GeneXpertMTB/Rif of which two were negative on smear, two positive on culture and there was no culture request for the remaining seven samples.29 (23%) extrapulmonary samples were positive by GeneXpertMTB/Rif out of which there was no culture request for 16 samples. One sample which was negative by GeneXpert MTB/Rif grew Atypical Mycobacteria on culture. Four isolates were detected as rifampicin resistant by GeneXpertMTB/Rif but none of them were sent for Drug Susceptibility Test (DST). Conclusion: GeneXpertMTB/Rif should be used in combination with other tests for diagnosing tuberculosis. Keywords: Drug resistant tuberculosis, GeneXpert/MTB Rif, Nucleic-acid amplification test.
Published: 2020

48. Study of micro-albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy

Author: K. Prathibha Bharathi, P. Aruna, Shivakumar, M. Prasad, and Jupalle Nagaiah Naidu
Subjects: Diabetic nephropathy, Type 1 diabetes, medicine.medical_specialty, Proteinuria, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Urology, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Microalbuminuria, medicine.symptom, medicine.disease, End stage renal disease, Nephropathy
Abstract: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Recent studies showed that India has got large number of diabetic patients. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) develops in 30% to 40% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in 10% to 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. An early sign of impending nephropathy is microalbuminuria. A total number of 90 samples were analyzed to study the microalbumin levels in 30 diabetic nephropathy patients, 30 diabetic patients without nephropathy and 30 healthy controls. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for all the parameters. The significance between the groups were determined using Student - test for Equality of means. The results show increase in mean concentration of microalbumin in diabetic nephropathy cases when compared to controls and was statistically highly significant (p Keywords: Micro albumin, Diabetic nephropathy, proteinuria, End Stage Renal Disease
Published: 2020

49. Methodological weakness of the death-word-fragment task: Alternative implicit death anxiety measures

Author: A. Ian Glendon, Trevor John Hine, and Priyanka A. Naidu
Subjects: Weakness, Anxiety, medicine.disease, Test (assessment), Task (project management), Clinical Psychology, Death anxiety, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Fragment (logic), Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, medicine.symptom, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, Word (computer architecture), Cognitive psychology
Abstract: The efficacy of different implicit death anxiety measures was examined. In Study 1 (N = 133), the death-word-fragment task (DWFT), commonly used to test death-thought accessibility in terror manage...
Published: 2020

50. Burden of Tuberculosis in South African Children During Treatment for Underlying Malignancies

Author: Stelios Poyiadjis, Diane MacKinnon, Metsekae Richard Madimabe, Alane Izu, Biance Rowe, Gita Naidu, and Shabir A. Madhi
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Tuberculin, HIV Infections, Single Center, Cohort Studies, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Immunocompromised Host, South Africa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, biology, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Cancer, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Lymphoma, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Sputum, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND Children with cancer are immunocompromised with increased susceptibility to infections. We evaluated the burden of tuberculosis in children with cancer. METHODS Children with cancer were enrolled and screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection using the tuberculin skin test and enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (T-SPOT.TB; Oxford Immunotec Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom). Children with physician-suspected tuberculosis were investigated for M. tuberculosis using microscopy and culture on sputum or gastric washings. RESULTS We enrolled 169 children; 10.7% were living with HIV. The tuberculin skin test was positive in 2.9% of patients, who were treated for tuberculosis and excluded from further analysis. The enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (T-SPOT.TB) was either negative or indeterminate in the first 100 children screened. The incidence of tuberculosis was 7.6 per 100 child-years; 35.3% were culture-confirmed. Tuberculosis was diagnosed at a mean of 5.5 months from cancer diagnosis. A greater proportion of children living with HIV (44.4%) developed tuberculosis than those without (17.2%; adjusted P = 0.042). Children treated for high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia, advanced stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia (P = 0.009) and those with a higher exposure-period (per 100 child-years) to corticosteroids courses (350 vs. 29.4; P < 0.001) had a higher incidence of tuberculosis. Twenty-six of 34 children (76.5%) with tuberculosis died; multiple infections were identified at the time of death. CONCLUSIONS Screening children for tuberculosis infection at cancer diagnosis was of limited value. The high rate of tuberculosis and poor outcomes emphasize the need for a high index of suspicion to diagnose tuberculosis and consideration for antituberculosis treatment, especially for those with identified risk factors.
Published: 2020

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