Lidia Daimiel, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Francisco J. Tinahones, Olga Portolés, Blanca Riquelme-Gallego, Pilar Matía-Martín, Laura Compañ-Gabucio, Helmut Schröder, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Josep Vidal, Clotilde Vázquez, J. Alfredo Martínez, F. Javier Barón López, Emilio Ros, Juan Carlos Benavente Marín, José Carlos Fernández-García, Ramon Estruch, Miguel Fiol, Xavier Pintó, Ana García-Arellano, Jadwiga Konieczna, José Lapetra, Josep A. Tur, Montserrat Fitó, Andrés Díaz-López, Laura Tomaino, Olga Castañer, Eva M. Asensio, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Aina M. Galmes-Panades, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Itziar Abete, Luis Alfredo Mira-Castejón, Dora Romaguera, Cristina Razquin, Antonio Garcia-Rios, Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega, Dolores Corella, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Francisca Fiol, Jesús Vioque, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Luis Serra-Majem, Veronica Varela-Mato, Ana Galera, Anai Moreno Rodríguez, Catalina M. Mascaró, Jessica Vaquero-Luna, Rosa Casas, José J. Gaforio, Christopher Papandreou, Julia Wärnberg, and Rafael Manuel Micó Pérez
Background: This study explored the association between inactive time and measures of adiposity, clinical parameters, obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome components. It further examined the impact of reallocating inactive time to time in bed, light physical activity (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cardio-metabolic risk factors, including measures of adiposity and body composition, biochemical parameters and blood pressure in older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2189 Caucasian men and women (age 55-75 years, BMI 27-40 Kg/m(2)) from the PREDIMED-Plus study (http://www.predimedplus.com/). All participants had >= 3 components of the metabolic syndrome. Inactive time, physical activity and time in bed were objectively determined using triaxial accelerometers GENEActiv during 7 days (ActivInsights Ltd., Kimbolton, United Kingdom). Multiple adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used. Isotemporal substitution regression modelling was performed to assess the relationship of replacing the amount of time spent in one activity for another, on each outcome, including measures of adiposity and body composition, biochemical parameters and blood pressure in older adults. Results: Inactive time was associated with indicators of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Reallocating 30min per day of inactive time to 30 min per day of time in bed was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all p-values < 0.05). Reallocating 30 min per day of inactive time with 30 min per day of LPA or MVPA was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference, total fat, visceral adipose tissue, HbA1c, glucose, triglycerides, and higher body muscle mass and HDL cholesterol (all p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: Inactive time was associated with a poor cardio-metabolic profile. Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with MVPA and LPA or time in bed could have beneficial impact on cardio-metabolic health., The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvado and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926); the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementacion y evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant to Jordi Salas-Salvado; the European Research Council grant (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2019; 340918) to Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez; the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvado (2013ACUP00194); grants from the Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018); the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana; Grant of support to research groups no. 35/2011 (Balearic Islands Gov. & FEDER funds) to Catalina M. Mascaro and Josep A. Tur; FPU Programme, PhD fellowship (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation & Universities) to Catalina M. Mascaro; the Astra Zeneca Young Investigators Award in Category of Obesity and Diabetes 2017 to Dora Romaguera; Juan de la Cierva-formacion research grant (FJCI-2015-24058) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and European Social Funds to Jadwiga Konieczna; the 'FOLIUM' programme within the FUTURMed project from the Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Illes Balears (financed by 2017annual plan of the sustainable tourism tax and at 50% with charge to the ESF Operational Program 2014-2020 ofthe Balearic Islands) to Jadwiga Konieczna. JR17/00022 contract to Olga Castaner from ISCIII. CIBERobn (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Obesidad y Nutricion), CIBEResp (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Epidemiologia y Salud Publica) and CIBERdem (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Diabetes y Enfermedades). None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data and in writing the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.