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The emergence of Web 2.0 tools has changed the consumer habit of using the Web. It can be used for promoting brands and products. This paper investigates the uses and effect of promotional marketing in the Web 2.0 tools on the purchase decision. A structured questionnaire was used to collect fresh-hand information from the Gen Z category. The study results reported that Web 2.0 tools provide more useful information to consumers. The fun and humorous aspects highly attracted the Gen Z category. Hence, they trusted information shared via Internet and social networks. Moreover, Web 2.0 tools highly influence the purchase decision of Gen Z. This study findings will indicate how fast the promotions in the Web 2.0 influence the purchase decision of the young customers.

Merokok merupakan kebiasaan yang dapat merusak kesehatan dan dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit yang dapat berakibat kepada terjadinya morbiditas maupun mortalitas dimana Angka Kematian Kasar (CDR) merupakan salah satu parameter mortalitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran Angka Kematian Kasar di Indonesia serta gambaran penduduk yang merokok di Indonesia menurut jenis kelamin, kegiatan seminggu terakhir, keluhan kesehatan dan kebiasaan merokok satu bulan terakhir dan sebelum satu bulan terakhir. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data SUSENAS Maret 2019 dan analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa penurunan CDR Indonesia lebih cepat dibandingkan Dunia. Dari hasil olah data SUSENAS tahun 2019 diketahui bahwa mayoritas kebiasaan merokok dilakukan oleh laki-laki dan hanya sebagian kecil perempuan, hanya sebagian kecil saja dari perokok aktif yang mengalami keluhan kesehatan namun terjadi kecenderungan peningkatan persentase keluhan kesehatan bagi penduduk yang punya kebiasaan merokok yang dilakukan setiap hari sebelum satu bulan terakhir (periode pencacahan SUSENAS), serta terdapat sejumlah perokok aktif yang merokok setiap hari dari kalangan penduduk yang berstatus mengurus rumah tangga.

Although habits are a well-researched topic within psychology, habits enacted at the workplace received limited attention in the organizational literature. In this article we examine habits that employees show at the workplace. Because workplace habits are not always functional for performance or affective outcomes, and because employees themselves may regard specific habits as undesirable, it is important to identify ways of how employees can abandon such unwanted habits. We report findings from a daily-survey study (N = 145 persons) in which we examined if self-regulatory processes predict disengagement from undesirable habits and engagement in more desirable alternative behaviors. Multilevel path analysis showed that day-specific implementation intentions and day-specific vigilant monitoring were negatively related to day-specific habitual behavior and positively related to day-specific alternative behaviors, both in the morning and in the afternoon. Analysis of follow-up data (N = 126 persons) showed that change in habit strength was stable over a 2-month period, suggesting that implementation intentions, vigilant monitoring, and the associated enactment of alternative behavior indeed may help to disengage from unwanted habits, particularly with respect to task-related habits and when consistency in vigilant monitoring is high. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

We study a two-agent equilibrium model with two goods where we interpret the agents as countries. We analyze the effect of an endogenous habit specification where each country benchmarks its consumption decision against the decision of the other country. We show that endogenous habits can generate high equity premia and low interest rates. Our framework allows to study setups where agents cooperate or do not cooperate. The optimality conditions of the non-cooperative setting are similar to models that consider agents with exogenous habit levels. Although the size of the equity premia and the risk-free rate are of the same order of magnitude in both settings, the consumption allocations are more even in the cooperative situation.

The meat industry is a leading cause of climate change in the Western world, and while reducing meat consumption has often been studied as a health behavior, it is equally important to understand its significance as a pro-environmental behavior. In a national sample of the United Kingdom (N = 737, Time 1, N = 468, Time 2) we sought to evaluate to what extent the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is an effective model for understanding people’s intentions to reduce their meat consumption. Overall, we find that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control explain 57% of the variation in intentions to reduce meat consumption. In turn, past behavior and intention explain 31% of the variance in self-reported meat consumption behavior four weeks later. Somewhat surprisingly, habit did not have any predictive utility over and above the TPB constructs. The effectiveness of the TPB and implications for devising pro-environmental interventions are discussed.

The aim of this study was to apply the Multi-Process Action Control model to examine how the additions of regulatory and reflexive processes predict physical activity (PA) behaviors among adolescents. Our sample included 1,176 Grade 11 students (Mage = 15.85 ± 0.38) recruited from a large school board in Southern Ontario. Participants completed a questionnaire including measures of self-reported PA and PA cognitions derived from the Multi-Process Action Control model. Results found the reflective process explaining 16.5% of the variance in PA, with the additions of regulatory and reflexive processes significantly improving the explained variance by 5.1% and 8.2%, respectively. Final models revealed coping planning (estimate = 45.10, p = .047), identity (estimate = 55.82, p p

Gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction that negatively impacts personal finances, work, relationships and mental health. In this pre-registered study (https://osf.io/5ptz9/?view_only=62956a2afcd1495984db4be18c54b50a) we investigated the impact of real-life gambling environments on two computational markers of addiction, temporal discounting and model-based reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder is associated with increased temporal discounting and reduced model-based learning. Regular gamblers (n = 30, DSM-5 score range 3-9) performed both tasks in a neutral (café) and a gambling-related environment (slot-machine venue) in counterbalanced order. Data were modeled using drift diffusion models for temporal discounting and reinforcement learning via hierarchical Bayesian estimation. Replicating previous findings, gamblers discounted rewards more steeply in the gambling-related context. This effect was positively correlated with gambling related cognitive distortions (pre-registered analysis). In contrast to our pre-registered hypothesis, model-based reinforcement learning was improved in the gambling context. Here we show that temporal discounting and model-based reinforcement learning are modulated in opposite ways by real-life gambling cue exposure. Results challenge aspects of habit theories of addiction, and reveal that laboratory-based computational markers of psychopathology are under substantial contextual control.

As-Sunnah or what we often call Sunnah is the plural form of the word sunan which means "habit" or "to be done". At first glance it is similar to the Hadith, but it is different if the sunnah is everything that is quoted from the Prophet, whether in the form of words, practices, or in the form of provisions, teachings, characteristics, behavior, and life journey before the Prophet was appointed as an apostle. Meanwhile the hadith existed after the prophet was appointed as a messenger. There are two more terms that are similar but different, namely Khabar and Atsar. The function of sunnah in the Koran is ta'qid (as reinforcement), tabyin (as an explanation), and mustaqillah. In addition, the relationship between sunnah and al-Qur'an is like two complementary things between mubayyin and maudhu al bayan, mufashil and maudhu ijmal and between juz'i and kulli.

In a society which is becoming more and more globalized, it is essential to promote teaching processes that enable the meaningful acquisition of knowledge, emphasizing the learning of English, as the main goal of the teachers. Reading in education is the paradigm of culture and is part of the language learning process. Nevertheless, its practice has declined in recent years. Consequently, through this Project, with the aim of motivating the Reading frequency, we intend to take a deeper look into the role of technologies in order to foster the Reading habit in a foreign language, highlighting the importance of reading for the student cognitive development. For that reason, an innovation proposal for promoting reading based on the use of ICT in the educational field is presented, with a specific focus on the Booktube community, as a tool to increase interest and motivation in reading.

The rodent infralimbic cortex (IL) is implicated in higher order executive functions such as reward seeking and flexible decision making. However, the precise nature of its role in these processes is unclear. Early evidence indicated that the IL promotes the extinction and ongoing inhibition of fear conditioning and cocaine seeking. However, evidence spanning other behavioral domains, such as natural reward seeking and habit-based learning, suggests a more nuanced understanding of IL function. As techniques have advanced and more studies have examined IL function, identifying a unifying explanation for its behavioral function has become increasingly difficult. Here, we discuss evidence of IL function across motivated behaviors, including associative learning, drug seeking, natural reward seeking, and goal-directed versus habit-based behaviors, and emphasize how context-specific encoding and heterogeneous IL neuronal populations may underlie seemingly conflicting findings in the literature. Together, the evidence suggests that a major IL function is to facilitate the encoding and updating of contingencies between cues and behaviors to guide subsequent behaviors.

Many climate-relevant behaviours are habitual. Habits are memory-based propensities to respond automatically to specific cues, acquired by repetition of behaviours in stable contexts. Socio-cognitive models are widely used to predict climate-relevant behaviours, but by positing behaviour as intentional, provide a poor account of habitual behaviours. While unsustainable habits are barriers to change, their very features (frequent, automatic and resistant to change) also make them desirable for sustainable behaviours to obtain. While informational approaches are generally ineffective for breaking habits, legislation, incentives, ‘nudges’, implementation intentions, competitions, and ‘moments of change’ (e.g., moving house) are more effective. Linking behaviour to identity and a stable context can ensure new habits to endure. Psychological theories and policy efficacy can be greatly improved by attention to habits.

We investigated the effects of factors determining people's continuance intentions for using over-the-top (OTT) services. We used the expectation–confirmation model (ECM) and the information systems success model as the basic theoretical framework, and included habit as an extension to the ECM. Data were collected through an online survey of 226 Korean adults aged in their 20s, 30s, and 40s, who were users of Netflix, a representative OTT service. The results show that perceived usefulness was positively related to user satisfaction, and that habit was a major antecedent in increasing continuance intentions. The quality factors from the information systems success model were positively related to user satisfaction, habit, and continuance intention. Our results provide implications for both OTT service providers and users, by exploring factors that influence continuance intention after the adoption of OTT services.

We review recent articles on how to change consumer behavior in ways that improve climate impacts, with a special focus on those articles using experimental interventions and measuring actual behaviors. We organize the findings using the SHIFT framework to categorize behavior change strategies based on five psychological factors: Social influence (e.g. communicating that others are changing to plant-based diets doubled meatless lunch orders), Habit (e.g. consumer collaboration to establish new, value-based practices helped to reduce food waste), Individual self (e.g. when women made up half of the group, 51% more trees were conserved), Feelings and cognition (e.g. anticipated guilt reduced choice of unethical attributes in made-to-order products), and Tangibility (e.g. concrete representations of the future of recycled products improved recycling behavior).

This study aims to determine the implementation of guidance and counseling services conducted by the counselor at SMA N 1 Pajangan in overcoming student cheating problems. Research conducted in this study uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. There are two data used in this study, namely primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are used observation and interviews. The data analysis used was data reduction, data creation, and conclusions. The result of this study is counselors provide guidance and counseling services to overcome cheating behavior by collaborating with subject teachers. The services cover student experiences with motivation. The conclusion is the role of guidance and counseling teachers on students’ cheating habits is very good. There is a cooperation between counselors and subject teachers to be able to overcome this problem.

Children nowadays are overwhelming with luxurious things and have only little or even no money concepts where most of the kids just reach out to their parents for buying anything they want. This could be an issue for parents, hence kids should be taught the value of money and knowing that save their own money is important to purchase anything they desired. This project proposed an innovative way to inculcate saving behaviours in children using an IoT Piggy Bank. This goal-directed approach allows children to set their saving goals (values of their desired items) and form a saving habit slowly through their saving routines toward their saving goals. Every saving made by the children will be tracked in a mobile app and a buzzer will be triggered as a reinforcer to alert children when they do not save regularly. The user acceptance testing (UAT) of the proposed prototype has shown the majority of the parents (90%) agreed that the proposed IoT piggy bank is very suitable for children to instil saving habit. Most of the children have reacted positively where they were having lots of fun when trying on the IoT piggy bank and expressed that they would continue to use it for saving in the future.

South Tangerang Health Office had the responsibility in giving outstanding healthcare services to its resident’s despite of its limitation due Covid-19 pandemic. Some programs were initiated to reduce maternal, babies and toddler mortality, and in the same time reduce the number of malnourished children. The integrated healthcare mobile application called Si Pandai Kemas TangSel had been launched and can be downloaded easily through smartphone. The study is expected to measure the effectiveness of Si Pandai Kemas TangSel using UTAUT approach by measuring the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating condition and habit toward behavior intention in using Si Pandai Kemas TangSel mobile application. The study showed that the effort expectancy and habit can increase the intention to use Si Pandai Kemas TangSel application. Meanwhile, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions did not affect behavioral intention in using Si Pandai Kemas TangSel application.

Drug dealers may be at increased risk for drug use. However, there is a dearth of research focused on how these relationships develop across time. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to assess heterogeneity in the development of drug dealing behavior. Line graphs modeling the average frequency of use of drugs across time based on trajectory membership described drug use patterns. T-tests were used to test for significant differences between drug use patterns. Results indicated that a four-group model of drug dealing best fit the data. Changes in each type of drug use corresponded strongly with changes in drug dealing behaviors.

Both late and irregular caloric intakes are becoming common, especially among young adults. This study aimed to investigate features of pupils in Japan following different dinner habits.Dinner habits were categorized into 3 types: non-late regular, regular but late, and irregular. Questionnaires of 2722 pupils in grades 5 to 12 were included, and a multiple comparison test was conducted to investigate the differences of lifestyle factors among the 3 dinnerpattern categories.Only half of grade 5 and 6 pupils had non-late regular dinners. The rate of pupils who had regular but late dinners increased from elementary school (11.8%) to senior high school (41.1%) via junior high school (15.1%). More than 30% of pupils took dinner irregularly. The pupils taking non-late regular dinner showed the earliest bedtime and the longest sleep duration among the 3 dinner-time habit categories and also revealed the best academic performance and sleepiness scores. The pupils taking regular but late dinner showed the highest grade, the latest bedtime, the shortest sleep duration, the longest school-day screen time scores, and the worst sleepiness and self-reported academic performance scores. Irregular dinner-takers showed the longest after-school activities.Further attention should be given to both late and irregular dinner habits of pupils in terms of supporting their health. Further studies are needed to recommend suitable dinner timings for pupils by assessing optimal levels of variable lifestyle factors, including after-school activity.

Background of Study: The increasingly rapid and massive spread of the COVID-19 virus to various countries, has made the Indonesian Government implement a Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy in order to stop the spread of the virus. This policy makes various activities, such as services in libraries, must be closed. This of course makes library users, such as students switch to using electronic information sources. Furthermore, the Government decided to start a new era habit or called the "New Normal" by living adapting to the spread of the virus. Purpose: This research was conducted in order to review the preferences of information sources used by students after the PSBB policy. Method. The research method used is a quantitative approach, with a descriptive type. The target population of this research are students from Surabaya. Data collection was carried out by means of a survey using a questionnaire. Then processed using the SPSS 18.0 application Analysis. The analysis uses theory in the literature. Results: The results showed that most of the students chose electronic information sources as their main preference. This is indicated by the results of research showing that information retrieval machines have become a popular choice both in the pre and post PSBB periods. However, comparative figures show that there are differences in several sources of information in the two periods. Conclusion: Since the PSBB, most students have experienced changes in their preferences for information sources.

The present research aims to investigate the determinants of e-wallet continuance usage intention in Malaysia using extending Technology Continuance Theory (TCT) via examining four variables, namely price benefit, trust, habit, and operational constraints. This paper adopts a quantitative approach to collect data with non-probability sampling using the purposive sampling technique. An online survey was conducted and a total of 379 respondents submitted their answers. The obtained results have shown that continue use of e-wallet is not affected by perceived usefulness (PU) and trust. However, there is a significant influence associated with perceived ease of use (PEU), PU, and satisfaction toward user's attitude that, in turn, substantially impacts the users' intention to continue to use e-wallet. This is one of the prior studies exploring Malaysian's intention to continue using e-wallet, using the TCT model as the research framework, and through examining four variables adopted from the literature, including price benefit, habit, trust, and operational constraints. The practical implications for the service providers and policymakers from the present findings can be used to develop strategies to gain a sustainable, competitive advantage, and promote continuous intention of e-wallet usage.

This study presents an integrative sustainable e-waste model, drawing on organismic integration theory and gender schema theory. E-waste behavior has attracted considerable attention in the cleaner production literature in recent years. However, there is growing debate, and little research has been conducted in developing countries, especially Pakistan, to investigate the motivational factors influencing sustainable e-waste behavior. This study empirically examines the different effects of motivational (intrinsic, identified, introjected, and external) regulations on sustainable e-waste disposal behavior and identifies whether customer gender moderates these effects. To address this gap, we recruited 209 households, and structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group modeling (MGM) techniques were used to test the proposed hypotheses using AMOS. When assessing customers' habits and external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic motivations in terms of gender differences, the SEM results revealed that female has more motivational sentiments and compliance to social norms for disposing e-waste behavior. The MGM results revealed that the effect of intrinsic motivation on sustainable e-waste disposal behavior is important for male customers, while the impact of external motivation is important for female customers. Identified motivation appears to be a significant predictor both for male and female customers. Finally, we briefly discuss the study's implications for theory and practice and highlight priorities for future research.

The phenomenon of language use in social media is interesting and important because it can describe positive or negative language use. The purpose of the study was to analyze the pragmatic markers and forms of language use on social media in the era of new habits during the COVID 19 outbreak. The research method used a qualitative approach. The results of the study are: (1) religious markers, (2) pronoun markers, (3) interjection markers, and (4) appreciation markers. The form of pragmatics consists of, (1) the form of syntax, (2) the form of discourse, and (3) the form of strategy. Conclusion (1). Positive utterances from speakers are responded to by positive and negative utterances from speech partners, while (2). Negative speech from the speaker is responded to by negative speech from the speech partner. (3). The pragmatic markers and forms of speech by speakers are 50% positive and 50% negative, while the pragmatic markers and forms of speech partners are 30% positive and 70% negative. (4). Positive pragmatic markers and forms are important to be used by speakers and speech partners so that they will have an impact on positive and healthy social media.

Efficient behavioral learning is a great challenge to an autonomous mobile robot. During navigation, animals can improve their behavioral learning ability by constantly interacting with the environment and gradually realize efficient navigation. Although habitual behavior in animal navigation is relatively well known, understanding of the brain’s habit-generation mechanism remains limited. In this study, we propose a striatal behavioral learning model, composed of the striosome and a matrix model, to possibly explain the generation of habitual behavior in animal navigation. The model’s bionic mechanism is characterized as follows: (1) in the striosome model, orientation information updates constantly based on the operant conditioning mechanism, leading to the generation of habitual behavior, and (2) a matrix model with an improved e-greedy algorithm chooses actions by adjusting the utilization of learned habits, balancing the relationship between exploration and exploitation in an agent’s navigation. We test our model in Morris square dry maze tasks. Results indicate the effectiveness of the model in explaining habit-related behavior. Besides, we compare our model with the widely used striatal temporal difference learning model. Results show that our model is more efficient and robust than the contrast model. We can conclude that it can successfully solve navigation tasks with habits while showing key neural characteristics of the striatum, which may be significant to the bionic navigation of robots. The proposed model confirms and builds a relationship among habit generation, the striatum, and operant conditioning, which may help explain the mechanism underlying habit generation in animal navigation.

The training, or habit, of social scientists often enjoins them to cast a critical eye over new scholarship, especially if it makes bold claims that challenge the orthodoxy. But how does one critic...

The increase in the elderly population brings a reflection on successful aging. Thus, beneficial aspects during this phase are analyzed. This study aimed to analyze the forms of influence of the reading habit for the promotion of successful aging, relating the readings performed with the periods of the development process throughout life. The study presents a qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. This study sample was composed of seven women who participated in this research, aged 60 years, or over, intentionally selected through the snowball technique. The criterion for inclusion in the study was to have the habit of reading throughout the life cycle. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview script. The analysis was performed using the Bardin content analysis method. From the results, it was possible to identify the habit of reading as a great ally, working as a tool for coping with difficulties. In aging, reading occurs naturally, showing its importance throughout life. Among the interviewees, it was possible to identify, despite their unique stories, that parents have a strong influence on an individual reader's formation. It comes to solidify when the school reinforces it in adolescence. The experience of aging is unique, that is, subjective, and reading can serve all people in different ways. Consequently, this habit enables learning to overcome difficulties in each phase, providing a conscious and autonomous experience of aging, retirement, and body changes, looking for ways to live healthier, taking advantage of their individual potential.

Background: A child is unique individual. The childhood era is critical for the socialization process, which involves the transmission of attitudes, customs, and behaviour through the influence of family and community. The promotion and maintenance of a child's health is influenced by the family's cultural and religious beliefs, educational level, and lifestyle. Improved child health requires better education, nutrition, family planning, improved health behaviour, and increased use of health services. The form of the caregiver interaction has a significant impact on a child's behavioural development. Parents, especially women, who are emotionally present, sensitive, perceptive, and effective in satisfying their child's needs are more likely to have securely connected children who are more likely to meet crucial behavioral milestones as they grow up. Objectives: To assess the existing knowledge regarding selected habit disorders in children among mothers of preschooler. To assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding selected habit disorders in children among mothers of preschooler. To determine the posttest knowledge score regarding selected habit disorder in children among mothers of preschooler with demographic variables. Methodology: A study will be based on Evaluatory research approach with one group pretest and posttest research design. The impact of self instructional module on knowledge regarding selected habit disorders in children among mothers of preschooler will be assessed using non probability convenient sampling technique. selected 60 mothers of preschooler will be assessed knowledge regarding selected habit disorder in children by structured questionnaires and then self instructional module will be given to the selected sample developed by researcher as intervention. Expected Results: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding selected habit disorders in children among mothers of preschooler. Self instructional module will be useful in improving the respondents' knowledge.

This research is predicated on the problem of learning that is faced by students in university during social distancing due to Coronavirus outbreak. One of the striking problems is most students are not comfortable with e-learning. The aim of this article is grasping the typology of students particularly in e-learning that is conjunction with four aspects namely learning patterns, doing assignments, learning habits and using tools. Furthermore, the other objective is the research will be contributed to lecturers, faculties, universities and policymakers in term of planning, creating, and developing e-learning systems. The methodology used in this research is quantitative with descriptive type where is the population or sample as the object of the research and it is only to describe a variable without comparing to other variables. The result of the study denotes the typology of visual learners dominating learning pattern and doing assignment which was 54% and 46% respectively. While in learning habit, the auditory type was the most popular which was 42% however the kinesthetic type had a low percentage because this activity was rarely carried out in e-learning hence that is why the quantity is negligible.

In October 2020, West Java became the province with the third highest positive confirmed case of COVID-19 in Indonesia, with 33,147 cases with a death of 649. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with COVID-19 prevention behavior. This research iwa an analytic observational study with a cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in September 2020. The study population was people aged 12 years living in West Java Province. The sample in this study amounted to 2,502 people. The sample was people who are willing to fill out a questionnaire that is distributed online (google form) via whatsapp, instagram and facebook so that the sampling technique includes accidental sampling. The independent variables studied consisted of knowledge and attitudes, while the dependent variable was COVID-19 prevention behavior during (habit of keeping distance, washing hands with soap, using masks). The results of univariate analysis showed that more than half of the respondents had good knowledge (56.8%) and positive attitudes (54.6%). The majority of respondents had good COVID-19 prevention behavior (73.3%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude variables with COVID-19 prevention behavior (p 0.05). The OR value for the knowledge variable is 1.933 (95% CI: 1.616-2.312). Meanwhile, the OR value for the attitude variable is 3.067 (95% CI: 2.523-3.729). This study proves that knowledge and attitudes are significantly related to COVID-19 prevention behavior.

School-age children who are growing up are vulnerable to the risk of COVID-19 disease transmission, therefore it is required to apply healthy living behaviors in the application of new habit adaptation, such as washing hands using water and soap, wearing masks, keeping a distance, doing sports, and eating nutritious diet. Parenting is expected to keep children’s healthy by giving the right habits. Children would obey in healthy behavior. The aims to determine the correlation between parenting and health behavior during the pandemic of school children at MI Nurul Huda Wadeng, Gresik. Cross-sectional approach correlational research design. Sampling using simple random sampling with 127 samples which are parents of children. Data collection used a parenting style questionnaire and a Likert scale for healthy behavior during the pandemic in google form. Data analysis used the Kendall-tau test. The results showed that there was a relationship between parenting and health behavior during the pandemic (p-value = 0.009; τ = 0.218). Parent who use authoritative parenting would make children have good behavior, and if parent use authoritarian parenting, child's health behavior will be lower. Applying authoritative parenting will be easier to take an optimal approach. Keywords: Parenting Styles, Children's Health Behaviors during Pandemi, Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive.

This study aims to describe the implementation or application of the 'Sekolah Sak Ngajine' Program as a habit of loving the Qur'an from an early age in RA Khodijah II Sebaung, Gending District. The 'Sekolah Sak Ngajine' program is taken from the Javanese language, which means School While Reciting the Qur'an. This habituation program is packaged in Qur'an learning activities using the Tilawati method. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the type of case study. This study found that the 'Sekolah Sak Ngajine' program can condition the tendency of the world of children to be active and challenging to concentrate so that the quality and quantity targets can be achieved well in learning the Qur'an. Through the 'Sekolah Sak Ngajine' program, it can have a tremendous impact on students, namely instilling the habit of learning the Qur'an to students so that they can foster a sense of love for the Qur'an from an early age in RA Khodijah II Sebaung, Gending District, Probolinggo Regency. The implication is that learning the Qur'an in early childhood requires creativity, patience, and patience from teachers in teaching.

Objective:To assess the relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC), eating behaviour and nutritional status.Design:It is a systematic review.Setting:The following databases were searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct/Elsevier, LILACS/Bireme, SciELO and Google Scholar, using the indexed terms ‘salutogenesis’, ‘sense of coherence’, ‘nutritional status’, ‘nutrition’, ‘eating behavior’ and ‘healthy eating’. The indexed terms were used in Portuguese and English according to the database searched. The data were extracted in a standardised way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.Participants:Observational studies were included, with no limitations on the date of publication or language.Results:After reading the titles and abstracts of 1855 articles, 107 full texts were retrieved, of which 27 were included. Of these, twenty-five were cross-sectional and two were longitudinal. The average score for Newcastle–Ottawa studies was 6 and most studies were rated as moderate and low quality. The cumulative sample size of all included studies was 28 981 adults and the elderly, aged between 18 and 81 years. The studies were carried out in fifteen different countries. Fifteen articles assessed eating behaviour/habit and twelve assessed nutritional status. Studies have shown that SOC has a positive relationship with an appropriate eating behaviour/habit. On the other hand, the relationship between SOC and nutritional status was controversial among studies. The heterogeneity of the data resulting from the use of different methods of evaluation of the outcomes of interest (nutritional status and eating behaviour) made it impossible to perform a meta-analysis.Conclusion:SOC was positively associated with adequate eating behaviour. However, it was not possible to establish a relationship between SOC and nutritional status.

When listening to the reading aloud of a text, it is expected that the complete comprehension of what is being heard comes from the perception of the prosodic variations present in this reading. The reading habit is an important factor for the development of this skill which is an important feature in the constitution of the critical reader. Based on this assumption, our work seeks to investigate the prosodic perception level of students in the initial grades of public and private schools in the city of Vitoria da Conquista / BA, considering the educational level of the parents of these students, as well as considering the reading habit of parents and students. Our hypothesis is that private school students, children of parents with a full degree status have a higher level of prosodic perception. Our objective is to describe the relationship between the type of school (public or private), educational level, reading habit and perception of prosodic variation. In order to account for the objective proposed here, an experiment was carried out, which consisted in the hearing of the early grades by the recording of the text Cinderella, prepared with the presence of lexical prosodic volume markers, namely, said high and said low. After hearing the recording, the students performed a perception task that aimed to ascertain the level of perception of the volume variation present in the recorded recordings. In a previous analysis, it was verified, through a questionnaire, the educational level and the socioeconomic level of the parents of the participants of this research and the reading habits of parents and students. The results are discussed considering the role of public and private schools and the students' family socioeconomic level in the constitution of subjects as proficient readers.

Readings plays an important role in the life of a human. It is also one of the most important components of the language. Reading habit is determined by measuring how often the people read, how long do they read and what do they read. Particularly for students, reading is very crucial part for them during the span of learning. It is an instrument used to acquire new knowledge and skills. This study aims to investigate the reading habits among students and their effect on their academic performance. This study is conducted at ATI, Sammanthurai located in the Eastern province, Sri Lanka. Data are collected using questionnaire with deductive approach in quantitative method and analyzed by statistical package for social science (SPSS). Findings are presented using frequency analysis, regression analysis, descriptive analysis and correlation analysis. The questionnaire is conducted via Google form then shared among the students of ATI, Sammanthurai. The findings indicate that most of the students has a good reading habit and it affects their academic performance positively. Finally, the study confirms that there is a relationship between reading habit and the academic performance of the students. Some findings are that; the majority of the respondents read class notes which means the need to read it for the examination purpose. Majority of the students get reading material via internet (81.4%) as they state that they spend most of their time in surfing internet and using social media.

This study discussed the application of the basic school literacy activity. The purpose of this was to contribute to improving the reading and writing skills of elementary school students. In addition, it aimed to solve the difficulties faced by the school in implementing the school literacy movement. This applied research was conducted for fifteen minutes each day for a period of one month. As participants, there were low-grade students, namely grade one and high-class students which was grade five. The first-grade students numbered about thirty as well as the fifth grade. The research instrument used observation, documentation study and interviews. The results showed that schools have not been able to implement the school literacy movement based on existing provisions. This can be seen from a number of inadequate facilities and the readiness of the teachers as well the students who were difficult to involved in the activity.

Purpose The research analyzed the determinants (Performance Expectation, Expectation of Effort, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation, Value and Habit) of the intention and the behavior of using online discount coupons, through UTAUT2 in the Brazilian context. Design/methodology/approach The survey was adopted with an instrument adapted from Yang (2010) and Christino et al. (2019) validated by experts. Made available online, the instrument collected 309 responses for analysis using the structural equation modeling technique. Findings The results validated the positive relationships for Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation, Perceived Value, Habit and Performance Expectation - the highest’s coefficients. The influence of Expectation on Effort and Social Influence has not been validated. Research limitations/implications The results cannot be generalized to all Brazilian individuals, in addition to considering recognized determinants of international literature. For this reason, suggestions are made for continuing and deepening the research. Practical implications The results contribute by indicating the main perceptions that lead to the intention and use of discount coupons, which are the performance expectation and the habit. Thus, managers can develop their sales strategies considering such factors while society can establish strategies to more sustainable purchases. Originality/value The research discusses the determinants of UTAUT2 in the Brazilian context to explain the intention and behavior of using online discount coupons, which are grouped together are unprecedented in Brazilian literature. RESUMO Objetivo A pesquisa analisou os determinantes (Expectativa de Desempenho, Expectativa de Esforço, Influência Social, Condições Facilitadoras, Motivação Hedônica, Valor e Hábito) da intenção e comportamento de uso de cupons de desconto on-line, por meio da UTAUT2 no contexto brasileiro. Metodologia Adotou-se a survey com instrumento adaptado de Yang (2010) e Christino et al. (2019) validado por especialistas. Disponibilizado por meio on-line, o instrumento coletou para análise 309 respostas, analisadas a partir da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Resultados Os resultados validaram as relações positivas para Condições Facilitadoras, Desempenho Hedônico, Valor Percebido, Hábito e Expectativa de Desempenho - a de maior coeficiente. A influência da Expectativa de Esforço e da Influência Social não foram validadas. Limitações Teóricas/Implicações Os resultados não podem ser generalizados a todos os indivíduos brasileiros, além de considerar determinantes reconhecidos da literatura internacional. Por isso, são apresentadas sugestões para continuidade e aprofundamento da pesquisa. Implicações Práticas Os resultados contribuem a medida que indicam as principais percepções que levam à intenção e ao uso de cupons de desconto, quais sejam o desempenho utilitário e o hábito. Assim, gestores podem desenvolver suas estratégias de vendas considerando tais fatores enquanto a sociedade pode estabelecer estratégias para compras mais sustentáveis. Originalidade A pesquisa discute os determinantes da UTAUT2 no contexto brasileiro para explicar a intenção e o comportamento de uso de cupons de desconto, o que agrupados são inéditos na literatura brasileira.

New transport trends have emerged in developing countries to promote bicycling due to its individual and societal benefits. Although bicycle infrastructure provision has been one of the most utilised strategies to encourage bicycling, it has had a limited immediate impact on the bicycling modal share. Published research indicates the need to incorporate the psychosocial dimension to understand commuters' transport behaviour and explain why bicycling infrastructure usage is lower than expected. This study highlights the processes behind bicycle mode choice decisions, explicitly incorporating pro-bicycle attitudes and habits, while also considering the influence of socioeconomic, bicycle facilities and bicycling experience variables on shaping that attitude. For this purpose, an online survey was designed and sent to students, faculty members and staff of two Chilean universities to collect ad-hoc data. The modelling used an approach based on an integrated choice and latent variable model. The main findings are: attitude in itself is a relevant construct to explain behaviour; bicycling infrastructure contribute to explain bicycle choice but only indirectly through attitude; socioeconomic characteristics, bicycling familiarity and practical issues have both a direct effect on bicycle choice decision and an indirect one by fostering pro-bicycling attitudes. Additionally, results show that the explicit inclusion of habit reduces the contribution of pro-bicycle attitude in explaining bicycle choice. This might be due to interaction and reinforcement between habit and attitude.

Background: Smoking has become a habit of Indonesian society. This behavior is not only found in adults but also in adolescents over 15 years. Indonesia ranks third out of the ten largest smoking countries in the world. There are 33.37% of the population of the Aru Islands aged over 15 years who have a smoking habit. This behaviour in adolescents occurs due to invitations from peers, being ridiculed by friends if they do not smoke, desire to try new things, fad, addicted, imitating parents and the influence of the mass media.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the factors of smoking behaviour in adolescents in Aru Islands, Maluku.Methods: This study used a cross sectional approach with a total sample of 72 respondents using purposive sampling technic. This research used questionnaire as instrument, whereas the data were analysed using the chi-square test to relate the analysed data to the chi-square of age, education, knowledge, and stress levels.Results: The results shows that there are relationships between age (p. value 0.015), education (p. value 0.005), knowledge (p. value 0.038) and stress levels (p. value 0.035) on smoking behaviour in the Aru Islands region, Maluku.Conclusion: The hope is that with good education and knowledge, teenagers in these areas will be more easily exposed to information about the dangers and impacts of smoking at a young age and not use cigarettes as an escape to deal with stress

Anti-corruption behavior is an excellent thing to get used to students. Efforts in this direction can be made through Citizenship Education. It is found that the determinant factors that determine the success of these efforts, therefore, why and how these factors can be the key to fostering anti-corruption behavior through Citizenship Education. The researcher's approach in this research is qualitative with a case study method to obtain in-depth answers to the problems above. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, observations, documentation studies, and field notes. The findings of this study are that the approach as a friend and the habit of being honest in learning civics education is a determining factor in efforts to foster anti-corruption behavior in students at SMK Negeri 9 Bandung.

This research was a correlation study which aims to determine the correlation between students’ reading habit and their writing ability in descriptive text. There were two variables in this study, reading habit and writing ability. The population of the study were the X grade students of SMAN 2 Batusangkar in the academic year 2020/2021. The sample technique in this research used cluster random sampling from 356 students selected for class X MIPA 2 with 36 students. This study used the Product Moment formula to determine the coefficient correlation and t-test to found out the significance correlation between students’ reading habit (X) and their writing ability (Y). The result showed that the t-observed was (4.01) and t-table was (1.70) in significance level of 5% (0,005), so t-observed was bigger than t-table then Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that there was a correlation between students’ reading habit and their writing ability in descriptive text at the X grade of SMAN 2 Batusangkar.

Interactions among living beings are the structuring basis of ecosystems, and studies of networks allow us to identify the patterns and consistency of such interactions. Antagonistic networks reflect the energy flow of communities, and identifying network structure and the biological aspects that influence its stability is crucial to understanding ecosystem functioning. We used antagonistic anuran interactions-predator-prey and host-parasite-to assess structural patterns and to identify the key anuran species structuring these networks. We tested whether anuran body-size and life-habit are related to their roles in these networks. We collected individuals of 9 species of anurans from an area of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil and identified their prey and helminth parasites. We used network (modularity, specialization, and nestedness) and centrality metrics (degree, closeness, and betweenness) to identify the role of anuran species in both networks. We then evaluated whether anuran body-size or life-habit were related to anuran centrality using generalized linear mixed models. The networks formed specialized interactions in compartments composed by key species from different habits. In our networks, anurans with rheophilic and cryptozoic habit are central in predator-prey networks, and those with larger body size and arboreal and cryptozoic habit in the host-parasite network. This study represents a step towards a better understanding of the influential factors that affect the structure of anuran antagonist networks, as well as to recognize the functioning roles of anuran species.

Spending money on goods that satisfy oneself at the moment but not necessarily in the future – temptation goods – is a bothersome habit that applies to most people. However, with very low income, s...

PurposeEnergy-saving behavior of individuals is essential to minimize energy use and reduce the emission of toxic gases. This study's actual focus is to find out the determinants of the energy-saving behavior of individuals in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachAs a theoretical research model, the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been used to analyze the determinants of energy-saving intentions. A survey method is used to collect 289 valid data, and structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the data.FindingsThe final result shows that the variables attitude at home, subjective norm (SN) and descriptive norms positively impact intention to save energy at the workplace. In contrast, the construct attitude and perceived behavior control is insignificant in this research. On the other hand, the personal moral norm (PMN) is a powerful predictor of individual energy-saving intentions at the workplace.Originality/valueThis research provides insights that will help the organizations understand the behavior of individuals at the workplace for energy-saving intentions to formulate such policies that will enhance individuals' practice for energy savings.

This paper critically investigates the ethical perspectives and practices of individuals and organizations who make persuasive technologies (“persuasive technologists”). An organization that claims to be at the forefront of ethical persuasion is behavioral software company Boundless Mind. Yet Boundless Mind sells ostensibly oxymoronic software products: an Application Programming Interface for third-party applications that optimizes the capture of end user attention, and an application for end users on how to make third-party applications less persuasive. Drawing upon Foucault’s interpretation of ethics as an “aesthetics of existence” and the related concept of “therapeutic authority,” I argue Boundless Mind justify the “poaching” and “protecting” of user attention based on a view of the human subject as fixable and their capability to instrumentalize user subjectivity to socially desirable ends. I walkthrough Boundless Mind’s technology-habit-breaking application Space and highlight a behavioral technique administered by Space called stimulus devaluation, which enables the user to develop a transformative relationship with their technology habits and persuasive applications. I conclude the paper by arguing that a persuasive technology ethics based on fixing the user obfuscates the power of persuasive technologists by limiting the scope of ethical inquiry to the activities of the user.

Reading habit is a fundamental skill that is necessary for every student's life. However, Malaysia is far from a culture of reading. Therefore, to step forward to a world that enjoys reading, everyone needs to spread good reading habits as soon as possible. Thus, this conceptual paper provides a literature review that is relevant to students' reading habits by using multimodal text. Additionally, it explores reading habits, the importance of reading, multimodal text as instructional material, and the advantages of using multimodal text to improve students' reading habits. By identifying some advantages of using multimodal text in improving students' reading habits, such as making the learning environment more interesting and productive, encouraging more on reading habits and motivate students to read texts with passion. Thus, teachers should be encouraged to develop their own multimodal text to be used in the ESL classroom.