Author: "Claire Poyart" / Topic: infectious diseases - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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87 results on '"Claire Poyart"'

1. Microbiological Epidemiology of Invasive Infections Due to Non-Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci, France, 2021

Author: Céline Plainvert, Erika Matuschek, Nicolas Dmytruk, Marine Gaillard, Amandine Frigo, Yassine Ballaa, Eddy Biesaga, Gunnar Kahlmeter, Claire Poyart, and Asmaa Tazi
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Cell Biology
Abstract: NBHS are recognized as opportunistic pathogens particularly involved in infections of the elderly and immunocompromised patients. This study underlines their importance as common causes of severe and difficult-to-treat infections such as endocarditis.
Published: 2023

2. Frameshift mutation (690delG) in cpxA contributes to the extensive drug resistance of a Serratia marcescens clinical isolate

Author: Victor Gravrand, Frédéric Ariey, Laura Terracol, Hélène Poupet, Alexandra Doloy, Claire Poyart, and Hedi Mammeri
Subjects: Pharmacology, Microbiology (medical), Aminoglycosides, Infectious Diseases, Ciprofloxacin, Drug Resistance, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Frameshift Mutation, Serratia marcescens, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract: Objectives To identify the genetic change responsible for resistance to penicillins, extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin in a Serratia marcescens clinical isolate recovered from a pancreatic abscess 6 weeks after a WT strain was isolated from the same patient. The impact on the fitness was also assessed. Methods The genomes of both S. marcescens isolates were sequenced using Illumina technology, assembled, annotated and compared with each other. PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing was carried out to confirm the mutation. Complementation of the resistant isolate with a recombinant plasmid harbouring the WT gene was performed. The growth rates were measured for both isolates in LB medium. Results Comparative genomic analysis disclosed only one frameshift mutation (690delG) in the cpxA gene, which codes for the histidine kinase of a two-component system (TCS). This change introduced a premature termination codon, leading to the truncated CpxA_HatR variant that contained 234 amino acids instead of 464. Complementation, which consisted of transfer of the WT cpxA into the resistant S. marcescens derivative, restored completely its susceptibility to ESCs, aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin, thus confirming the contribution of the CpxA_HatR variant to resistance. Growth analysis showed that the fitness of the resistant isolate was unchanged. Conclusions This study shows for the first time that constitutive activation of the Cpx pathway can per se confer resistance to ESCs and ciprofloxacin, in addition to the aminoglycoside resistance usually described. It sheds new light on the role of altered TCSs in fostering bacterial survival.
Published: 2022

3. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a large, live, indoor gathering (SPRING): a non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial

Author: Frantz Foissac, Claire Poyart, Marie Laure Néré, Malika Seguineau, Laure Choupeaux, Séverine Delarue, Sarah Schmitt, Hendy Abdoul, Eric Dufour, Alexis Olivier, Maud Salmona, Marine Minier, Sébastien Tonglet, Guillaume Masson, Xavier Lescure, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Audrey Gabassi, Constance Delaugerre, Jérôme Le Goff, Nabil Gastli, and Solen Kernéis
Subjects: education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, MEDLINE, COVID-19, Articles, law.invention, Test (assessment), Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Non inferiority, Randomized controlled trial, law, Clinical endpoint, Physical therapy, medicine, Humans, education, business
Abstract: Background Mass indoor gatherings were banned in early 2020 to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to assess, under controlled conditions, whether infection rates among attendees at a large, indoor gathering event would be similar to those in non-attendees, given implementation of a comprehensive prevention strategy including antigen-screening within 3 days, medical mask wearing, and optimised ventilation. Methods The non-inferiority, prospective, open-label, randomised, controlled SPRING trial was done on attendees at a live indoor concert held in the Accor Arena on May 29, 2021 in Paris, France. Participants, aged 18–45 years, recruited via a dedicated website, had no comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, or recent case contact, and had had a negative rapid antigen diagnostic test within 3 days before the concert. Participants were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to the experimental group (attendees) or to the control group (non-attendees). The allocation sequence was computer-generated by means of permuted blocks of sizes three, six, or nine, with no stratification. The primary outcome measure was the number of patients who were SARS-CoV-2-positive by RT-PCR test on self-collected saliva 7 days post-gathering in the per-protocol population (non-inferiority margin
Published: 2022

4. Accuracy of saliva and nasopharyngeal sampling for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in community screening: a multicentric cohort study

Author: Jacques Fourgeaud, Caroline Elie, Sebastien A. Gauthier, Pierre Quentin, Solen Kernéis, Laure Choupeaux, Juliette Pavie, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Claire Poyart, Béatrice Parfait, Aurélien Gibaud, Chrystel Leroy, Audrey Gabassi, Marine Minier, Jérôme LeGoff, Marie-Laure Alby, Patricia Brazille, Michel Vidaud, Etienne Voirin-Mathieu, Marie Laure Néré, Constance Delaugerre, and Séverine Mercier Delarue
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Saliva, Paris, Antigen test, Diagnostic performances, Asymptomatic, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling, Cohort Studies, Medical microbiology, COVID-19 Testing, Ambulatory care, Internal medicine, Nasopharynx, Medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Sampling (medicine), Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Point-of-Care Testing, Ambulatory, Nucleic acid amplification testing, Original Article, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Cohort study
Abstract: Nasopharyngeal sampling for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the standard diagnostic test of coronavirus disease 2019. Our objectives were to assess, in real-life conditions, the diagnostic accuracy of a nasopharyngeal point-of-care antigen (Ag) test and of saliva NAAT for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in ambulatory care. This was a prospective cohort study from 19 October through 18 December 2020 in two community COVID-19 screening centers in Paris, France. Two nasopharyngeal swabs and one saliva sample were simultaneously collected. Diagnostic accuracies of nasopharyngeal Ag testing and of three saliva NAAT methods were assessed as compared to nasopharyngeal NAAT. A total of 1452 ambulatory children and adults were included. Overall, 129/1443 (9%) participants tested positive on nasopharyngeal NAAT (102/564 [18%] in symptomatic and 27/879 [3%] in asymptomatic participants). Sensitivity was 94%, 23%, 96%, and 94% for the three different protocols of saliva NAAT and for the nasopharyngeal Ag test, respectively. Estimates of specificity were above 95% for all methods. Diagnostic accuracy was similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Diagnostic accuracy of nasopharyngeal Ag testing and of saliva NAAT is similar to that of nasopharyngeal NAAT, subject to compliance with specific protocols for saliva. Registration number: NCT04578509 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10096-021-04327-x.
Published: 2021

5. FabT, a Bacterial Transcriptional Repressor That Limits Futile Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

Author: Clara Lambert, Claire Poyart, Alexandra Gruss, and Agnes Fouet
Subjects: Bacteria, Virulence, Fatty Acids, Review, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Microbiology, Mice, Infectious Diseases, Bacterial Proteins, Acyl Carrier Protein, Animals, Co-Repressor Proteins, Molecular Biology, Phospholipids, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Phospholipids are vital membrane constituents that determine cell functions and interactions with the environment. For bacterial pathogens, rapid adjustment of phospholipid composition to changing conditions during infection can be crucial for growth and survival. Fatty acid synthesis (FASII) regulators are central to this process. This review puts the spotlight on FabT, a MarR-family regulator of FASII characterized in streptococci, enterococci, and lactococci. Roles of FabT in virulence, as reported in mouse and nonhuman primate infection models, will be discussed. We present FabT structure, the FabT regulon, and changes in FabT regulation according to growth conditions. A unique feature of FabT concerns its modulation by an unconventional corepressor, acyl-acyl-carrier protein (ACP). Some bacteria express two ACP proteins, which are distinguished by their interactions with endogenous or exogenous fatty acid sources, one of which causes strong FabT repression. This system seems to allow preferred use of environmental fatty acids, thereby saving energy by limiting futile FASII activity. Control of fabT expression and FabT activity link various metabolic pathways to FASII. The various physiological consequences of FabT loss summarized here suggest that FabT has potential as a narrow range therapeutic target.
Published: 2022

6. Multicentric evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel for rapid bacteriological documentation of pneumonia

Author: Jean-Sébastien Casalegno, Céline Monnard, Hanaa Benmansour, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Chloé Plouzeau, Agathe Becker, Guillaume Geslain, Camille d’Humières, Paul Duquaire, Catherine Neuwirth, Lauranne Broutin, Emmanuel Lecorche, Claude-Alexandre Gustave, Carole Lemarié, Laurence Armand-Lefevre, Emmanuelle Vigier, Adel Maamar, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Christophe Burucoa, Olivier Dauwalder, Gabriel Auger, Julie Cremniter, Alexy Tran-Dinh, Marion Baldeyrou, Hervé Jacquier, Maxime Pichon, Rafael Mahieu, Claire Poyart, Julien Loubinoux, Solen Kernéis, Manon Lejeune, Jean-François Timsit, Nabil Gastli, Bruno Lina, François Vandenesch, Achille Kouatchet, Vincent Cattoir, Pierre Saint-Sardos, Emmanuelle Cambau, Anthony Michaud, Sophie Alviset, André Boibieux, Aurélie Cointe, Gauthier Péan de Ponfilly, Grégory Destras, Robin Stéphan, Matthieu Daragon, Philippe Montravers, Michael Levy, Vincent Rzepecki, Hélène Pailhoriès, Service de Bactériologie [CHU Cochin, AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de bactériologie (CHU Dijon), Plateau technique de Biologie [CHU de Dijon], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Virulence bactérienne et maladies infectieuses (VBMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service de Bactériologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Université d'Angers (UA), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital de la Milétrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de Bactériologie et Hygiène Hospitalière [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques [CHU Rennes] (CNR), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Meso Scale Diagnostics, The French FA-PP study group includes the following investigators: Sophie Alviset (Paris Cochin), Laurence Armand-Lefèvre (Paris Bichat), Marion Baldeyrou (Rennes), Agathe Becker (Hospices Civils de Lyon), André Boibieux (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Stéphane Bonacorsi (Paris, Robert-Debré), Christophe Burucoa (Poitiers), Emmanuelle Cambau (Paris Lariboisière), Jean-Sébastien Casalegno (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Aurélie Cointe (Paris, Robert-Debré), Julie Cremniter (Poitiers), Grégory Destras (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Paul Duquaire (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Guillaume Geslain (Paris, Robert-Debré), Claude-Alexandre Gustave (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Hervé Jacquier (Paris Lariboisière), Achille Kouatchet (Angers), Emmanuel Lecorche (Paris Lariboisière), Manon Lejeune (Paris Bichat), Bruno Lina (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Rafaël Mahieu (Angers), Adel Maamar (Rennes), Anthony Michaud (Poitiers), Céline Monnard (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Philippe Montravers (Paris Bichat), Catherine Neuwirth (Dijon), Gauthier Péan de Ponfilly (Paris, Lariboisière), Maxime Pichon (Poitiers), Chloé Plouzeau (Poitiers), Claire Poyart (Paris Cochin), Jean-Pierre Quenot (Dijon), Vincent Rzepecki (Nîmes), Robin Stéphan (Nîmes), Jean-François Timsit (Paris Bichat), Alexy Tran-Dinh (Paris Bichat), François Vandenesch (Hospices Civils de Lyon) and Emmanuelle Vigier (Paris Bichat)., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis (StaPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Atypical bacteria, Concordance, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], FilmArray pneumonia panel, 030106 microbiology, Gastroenterology, Lower respiratory tract infection, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal medicine, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, Diagnosis, medicine, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Bacteria, business.industry, General Medicine, Syndromic panel, Multiplex PCR, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, Bronchoalveolar lavage, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Sputum, medicine.symptom, business, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: To evaluate performances of the rapid multiplex PCR assay BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (FA-PP) for detection of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in sputum, endotracheal aspirate (ETA) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted in 11 French university hospitals (July to December 2018) and assessed performance of FA-PP by comparison with routine conventional methods. RESULTS: A total of 515 respiratory specimens were studied, including 58 sputa, 217 ETA and 240 BAL. The FA-PP detected at least one pathogen in 384 specimens, yielding an overall positivity rate of 74.6% (384/515). Of them, 353 (68.5%) specimens were positive for typical bacteria while eight atypical bacteria and 42 resistance genes were found. While identifying most bacterial pathogens isolated by culture (374/396, 94.4%), the FA-PP detected 294 additional species in 37.7% (194/515) of specimens. The FA-PP demonstrated positive percentage agreement and negative percentage agreement values of 94.4% (95% CI 91.7%-96.5%) and 96.0% (95% CI 95.5%-96.4%), respectively, when compared with culture. Of FA-PP false-negative results, 67.6% (46/68) corresponded to bacterial species not included in the panel. At the same semi-quantification level (in DNA copies/mL for FA-PP versus in CFU/mL for culture), the concordance rate was 43.4% (142/327) for culture-positive specimens with FA-PP reporting higher semi-quantification of ≥1 log(10) in 48.6% (159/327) of cases. Interestingly, 90.1% of detected bacteria with ≥10(6) DNA copies/mL grew significantly in culture. CONCLUSIONS: FA-PP is a simple and rapid molecular test that could complement routine conventional methods for improvement of diagnosis accuracy of pneumonia.
Published: 2021

7. Persistence of group B Streptococcus vaginal colonization and prevalence of hypervirulent CC-17 clone correlate with the country of birth: a prospective 3-month follow-up cohort study

Author: Amiel Falloukh, Olivia Anselem, Caroline Joubrel, Valérie Marcou, Laurent Mandelbrot, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Claire Poyart, Amandine Frigo, Fatma Magdoud El Alaoui, Céline Plainvert, Asmaa Tazi, François Goffinet, and Pierre Henri Jarreau
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Streptococcus, Obstetrics, Gestational age, General Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, Persistence (computer science), Infectious Diseases, Medical microbiology, Cohort, Medicine, Colonization, business, Cohort study
Abstract: To identify factors associated with vaginal colonization and persistence by group B Streptococcus (GBS) and by the hypervirulent neonatal CC-17 clone in late pregnancy and after delivery, a multicentre prospective observational cohort with 3-month follow-up was established in two university hospitals, Paris area, France. Pregnant women were recruited when antenatal screening for GBS vaginal colonization at 34–38 weeks of gestational age was positive. Vaginal samples were analysed by conventional culture methods at antenatal screening, delivery, and 21 and 60 days following delivery. Identification of the hypervirulent neonatal GBS CC-17 was performed. Colonization was defined as persistent when all vaginal samples were positive for GBS. A total of 754 women were included. GBS vaginal colonization was persistent in 63% of the cases (95% CI 59%–67%). Persistent colonization was more likely in women born in Sub-Saharan Africa compared with women born in France (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.05–3.52), and GBS CC-17 was overrepresented in women born in Sub-Saharan Africa (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.20–3.57). Women born in Sub-Saharan Africa are at higher risk for GBS vaginal persistence than women born in France. This observation correlates with an increased prevalence of the hypervirulent GBS CC-17 in the former group, which likely reflect variations linked to ethnicity and vaginal community-state types and might account for the increased susceptibility of black neonates to GBS infections.
Published: 2020

8. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Invasive Infections in Women of Childbearing Age, France, 2012-2020: GBS CC-17 Hypervirulence in Intrapartum Infections

Author: Céline Plainvert, Yasmina de Saint Salvy-Tabet, Nicolas Dmytruk, Amandine Frigo, Claire Poyart, and Asmaa Tazi
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Streptococcal Infections, Infant, Newborn, Odds Ratio, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Female, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Streptococcus agalactiae
Abstract: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal infections and an important pathogen in pregnancy. However, the features of pregnancy-associated infections are poorly reported. We analyzed 336 cases of GBS invasive infections in women aged 18–50 years, including 242 (72.0%) pregnancy-associated infections. In pregnancy, most cases were intra-amniotic infections (55.8%), occurred preterm (61.3%), and were associated with obstetrical and neonatal complications (81.7%). The GBS clone CC-17 (18.8% of the cases) was overrepresented intrapartum (35.2%; odds ratio, 5.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.6–19.3]). This work highlights the burden of GBS and of the CC-17 clone infections during pregnancy.
Published: 2021

9. Molecular epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive group B Streptococcus circulating in Serbia

Author: Lazar Ranin, Philippe Glaser, Claire Poyart, Ina Gajic, Céline Plainvert, Asmaa Tazi, Dusan Kekic, Nicolas Dmytruk, Vera Mijac, Natasa Opavski, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology [Belgrade, Serbia] (School of Medicine), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], National Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Service de Bactériologie [CHU Cochin, AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), DHU Risques Et Grossesse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Barrières et Pathogènes, [Institut Cochin] Departement Infection, immunité, inflammation, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by the Federation of European Microbiological Societies [FEMS-RG-2014-0025.R1] and the SerbianMinistry of Education and Science [Project No175039]., BOUYSSIE, Reine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH: Adhesins, Bacterial, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, MESH: Pregnancy, MESH: Streptococcal Infections, Pregnancy, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Prevalence, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, Colonization, Capsular type, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Clindamycin, Streptococcus, Clindamycin, General Medicine, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, CRISPR, Female, Serbia, Adult, Microbiology (medical), clone (Java method), Penicillins, Biology, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Penicillins, Streptococcal Infections, MESH: Bacterial Capsules, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Adhesins, Bacterial, MESH: Prevalence, Bacterial Capsules, Hyper-virulent clone ST17, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Molecular epidemiology, 030306 microbiology, Pregnant women, Neonates, Infant, MESH: Adult, MESH: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae, MESH: Serbia, Colonisation, MESH: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, Multilocus sequence typing, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) remains the leading cause of invasive diseases in neonates and an important cause of infections in the elderly. The aim of this study was to access the prevalence of GBS genito-rectal colonisation of pregnant women and to evaluate the genetic characteristics of invasive and non-invasive GBS isolates recovered throughout Serbia. A total of 432 GBS isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) types and the presence of the hvgA gene. One hundred one randomly selected isolates were further characterized by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) analysis and/or multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women was 15%. Overall, six capsular types (Ia, Ib, II to V) were identified, the most common being III (32.2%) and V (25.2%). The hiper-virulent clone type III/ST17 was present in 43.1% and 6.3% (p
Published: 2019

10. Streptococcuspyogenes infects human endometrium by limiting the innate immune response

Author: Clara Lambert, Antonin Weckel, Claire Poyart, Céline Méhats, François Goffinet, Thomas Guilbert, Agnès Fouet, Céline Plainvert, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Maternité Port-Royal [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fouet, Agnès, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Streptococcus pyogenes, Immunology, Endometriosis, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Medical and Health Sciences, Group A, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Bacterial infections, Streptococcal Infections, Decidua, medicine, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Humans, Aetiology, Pathogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Infectious disease, Innate immune system, Streptococcus, General Medicine, Foodborne Illness, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, A549 Cells, Hela Cells, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Infection, Ex vivo, HeLa Cells, Research Article
Abstract: Group A Streptococcus (GAS), a Gram-positive human-specific pathogen, yields 517,000 deaths annually worldwide, including 163,000 due to invasive infections and among them puerperal fever. Before efficient prophylactic measures were introduced, the mortality rate for mothers during childbirth was approximately 10%; puerperal fever still accounts for over 75,000 maternal deaths annually. Yet, little is known regarding the factors and mechanisms of GAS invasion and establishment in postpartum infection. We characterized the early steps of infection in an ex vivo infection model of the human decidua, the puerperal fever portal of entry. Coordinate analysis of GAS behavior and the immune response led us to demonstrate that (a) GAS growth was stimulated by tissue products; (b) GAS invaded tissue and killed approximately 50% of host cells within 2 hours, and these processes required SpeB protease and streptolysin O (SLO) activities, respectively; and (c) GAS impaired the tissue immune response. Immune impairment occurred both at the RNA level, with only partial induction of the innate immune response, and protein level, in an SLO- and SpeB-dependent manner. Our study indicates that efficient GAS invasion of the decidua and the restricted host immune response favored its propensity to develop rapid invasive infections in a gynecological-obstetrical context.
Published: 2021

11. Multidrug-Resistant Hypervirulent Group B Streptococcus in Neonatal Invasive Infections, France, 2007-2019

Author: Claire Poyart, Caroline Joubrel-Guyot, Amandine Frigo, Gérald Touak, Céline Plainvert, Constantin Hays, Nicolas Dmytruk, and Asmaa Tazi
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), group B Streptococcus, Epidemiology, Multidrug-Resistant Hypervirulent Group B Streptococcus in Neonatal Invasive Infections, France, 2007–2019, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, late-onset disease, GBS, medicine.disease_cause, early-onset disease, Group B, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibiotic resistance, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Streptococcal Infections, Medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, antimicrobial resistance, bacteria, reproductive and urinary physiology, neonatal infections, biology, business.industry, Streptococcus, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Dispatch, Late Onset Alzheimer Disease, Early onset disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Multiple drug resistance, Infectious Diseases, hypervirulent CC17 clone, France, business, Bacteria
Abstract: We analyzed group B Streptococcus (GBS) neonatal invasive infections reported during 2007–2019 in France. The hypervirulent clonal complex (CC) 17 GBS was responsible for 66% (827/1,262) of cases. The role of CC17 GBS increased over time (p for trend = 0.0001), together with the emergence of a multidrug-resistant CC17 GBS sublineage.
Published: 2020

12. Invasive group B Streptococcus infections in non-pregnant adults: a retrospective study, France, 2007-2019

Author: Constantin Hays, Asmaa Tazi, Franck Letourneur, Amandine Frigo, Gérald Touak, Claire Poyart, Nicolas Dmytruk, Céline Plainvert, Xavier Vuillemin, Benjamin Saintpierre, Lucie Adoux, and Mathilde Louis
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Bacteremia, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, Serogroup, Group B, Meningitis, Bacterial, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Streptococcal Infections, Epidemiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Typing, reproductive and urinary physiology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Streptococcus, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Female, France, business, Meningitis, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) (Streptococcus agalactiae) is a pathogen of growing importance in adults. The objective of this study was to describe the features of invasive infections by GBS in non-pregnant adults.GBS infections were reported to the national reference centre for streptococci. Clinical information was abstracted from questionnaires. Capsular typing, identification of the hypervirulent CC-17 clone, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed for all GBS isolates. Multi-locus sequence typing and assignment to clonal complexes (CCs) was performed on a representative sample of 324 isolates.In total, 1960 GBS invasive infections were analysed from 2007 to 2019. The median age at onset was 71 years old (range 18-103). The main manifestation was bacteraemia without focus (54.5%). Meningitis was more frequent in patients under 40 (26/180, 14.4% versus 78/1780, 4.4%, p 0.0001). Capsular types Ia, Ib, II, III and V accounted for 91.0% of the cases (1786/1960). CC-1, -10, -17, -19 and -23 accounted for 96.3% (312/324) of the cases. Capsular type III and CC-17 were overrepresented in meningitis (38/104, 36.5%, p 0.001 and 22/104, 21.2%, p 0.01, respectively). All isolates were susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics. Resistance to erythromycin (32.7%) and clindamycin (26.3%) remained stable, whereas decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones increased, reaching 2.7% in 2019 (p for trend 0.002).This work highlights the susceptibility of the elderly to GBS infections and differences in the clinical manifestations according to the patients' age and GBS type. In agreement with worldwide reports on emerging multidrug-resistant GBS, it reinforces the need for a continued surveillance of GBS epidemiology.
Published: 2020

13. Impact of Sequential Culture Results on Diagnosis and De-Escalation of the Antibiotic Regimen in Joint and Bone Infections

Author: Rémy Gauzit, Dominique Salmon, Hélène Poupet, Claire Poyart, Philippe Leclerc, Solen Kernéis, L. Eyrolle, Denis Archambeau, J. Loubinoux, Philippe Anract, Philippe Morand, Cécile Leprince, and Odile Launay
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Antibiotic regimen, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, medicine.disease_cause, Prosthesis, Bone and Bones, Bone Infection, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Propionibacterium acnes, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Culture Media, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Orthopedic surgery, Female, Joints, business, De-escalation
Abstract: According to existing guidelines, orthopedic specimens collected in joint and bone infections (JBI) in our institution are cultured on several media sets and incubated for two, seven, and 14 days. The optimal timing for de-escalation of the first-line antibiotic combination according to the culture results needs to be defined.Single-center, retrospective analysis of all adult patients with a first documented episode of JBI between May 2012 and April 2013.Ninety patients were included, 51 males (57%), median age 58 y (range 18-87 y), with prosthesis infection in 62 cases (69%). Rapidly growing pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus [n = 36] and Enterobacteriaceae [n = 12]) usually were diagnosed within two days, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 25) and Propionibacterium acnes (n = 13) generally were identified after seven days (p 10Our results suggest that, in JBI, de-escalation of the empirical antibiotic regimen can be based on micro-organisms identified on the two-day culture set. The impact of such a strategy on clinical outcomes, antibiotic consumption, and costs needs to be assessed in larger studies.
Published: 2017

14. Intrapartum group B Streptococcus screening in the labor ward by Xpert® GBS real-time PCR

Author: C. Joubrel, Claire Poyart, Céline Plainvert, Laurent Mandelbrot, Amandine Frigo, François Goffinet, Catherine Branger, M. Ballon, O. Anselem, Asmaa Tazi, and F. El Alaoui
Subjects: Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Point-of-care testing, 030106 microbiology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, medicine.disease_cause, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Group B, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical microbiology, Pregnancy, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital, reproductive and urinary physiology, Gynecology, Streptococcus, Obstetrics, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Group B Streptococcus Screening, General Medicine, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Point-of-Care Testing, Vagina, bacteria, Female, business
Abstract: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal infections in industrialized countries. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) given to colonized parturients is a key step for the prevention of neonatal early-onset infection. We compared the performances of Xpert® GBS polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) as a point-of-care system in labor wards to standard culture for intrapartum GBS detection. Pregnant women with a GBS-positive antenatal screening were prospectively included. A vaginal double swab was collected at the time of delivery for point-of-care Xpert® GBS PCR and GBS culture. A total of 565 pregnant women were included. Valid Xpert® GBS results were obtained for 488 (86.4%) women on the first attempt. Repeat testing improved the PCR success to 516 (91.3%) women. Among the 305 women positive for GBS by culture at delivery, only 238 (78.0%) were positive by Xpert® GBS PCR, cycle thresholds being correlated to culture quantification. Among 260 women negative for GBS culture, 56 (21.5%) were positive by Xpert® GBS PCR, including 50 where IAP was initiated before vaginal sampling. Overall, among the 565 women with GBS antenatal positive culture, only 335 (59.3%) were still positive at delivery whatever the technique used, resulting in unnecessary IAP for 40% of them. This large cohort study comparing intrapartum to antepartum GBS detection provides evidence that (i) Xpert® GBS PCR might be a valuable solution for intrapartum GBS detection compared to culture-based strategies and (ii) laboratory training of non-specialized staff is mandatory to reach the performances required for point-of-care tests.
Published: 2017

15. Demonstration of the herd effect in adults after the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination with PCV13 in children

Author: A. Dupuis, A. Agathine, Emmanuelle Varon, Claire Poyart, J. Raymond, C. Hays, Q. Vermee, and Marie-Cécile Ploy
Subjects: Adult, Immunity, Herd, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Serotype, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Population, Biology, Serogroup, medicine.disease_cause, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Herd immunity, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Infant, Newborn, Infant, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Amoxicillin, medicine.disease, Vaccination, Pneumococcal infections, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Female, medicine.drug
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to describe the evolution of serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from both adults and children from the same population area with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) or acute otitis media (AOM), 5 years after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). From 2009 to 2015, 839 strains of S. pneumoniae strains were collected (481 from adults and 358 from children). Serotyping by latex antisera and molecular methods was performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Compared to 2009, the total number of strains isolated in 2015 decreased in children (263 vs. 53, respectively) and in adults (220 vs. 131, respectively). Serotype coverage of PCV13 for IPD decreased significantly in adults from 67.7% (149/220) to 25.2% (33/131) and in children from 75.1% (61/81) to 18.5% (5/27). Especially, serotypes 1, 7F and 19A decreased significantly in children, while serotypes 7F and 19A decreased significantly in adults. PCV13 serotypes involved in AOM decreased significantly over the 5-year period, from 85.7% (156/182) to 38.5% (10/26), and were more susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin and cefotaxime, p
Published: 2016

16. Variable impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme in three intensive care units: time-series analysis of 2012-2017 surveillance data

Author: Claire Poyart, Solen Kernéis, M. Domenech de Cellès, S. Abbara, A. Casetta, H. Poupet, R. Batista, J.P. Mira, Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Imipenem, Carbapenem, Surveillance data, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030501 epidemiology, Meropenem, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Time-series modelling, law, Internal medicine, Intensive care, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, Antimicrobial stewardship, Humans, Intensive care unit, Pseudomonas Infections, Retrospective Studies, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, General Medicine, respiratory system, Confidence interval, Drug Utilization, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Carbapenems, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0305 other medical science, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Summary Background Preprescription authorization (PPA) and postprescription review with feedback (PPRF) were successively implemented in 2012 and 2016 in our 1500-bed hospital. Aim The impact of PPA and PPRF on carbapenems use and resistance levels of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed in three intensive care units (ICUs). Methods Carbapenems use (in DDDs/1000 occupied bed-days) and resistance of P. aeruginosa (percentage of non-susceptible (I+R) isolates to imipenem and/or meropenem) were analysed using a controlled interrupted time-series method. Two periods were compared: 2012–2015 (PPA) and 2016–2017 (PPA+PPRF). Models were adjusted on the annual incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriacae. Findings Carbapenem use was stable over the PPA period in all ICUs, with a significant change of slope over the PPA+PPRF period only in ICU1 (β2 = -12.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -19.5 to -6.1). There was a switch from imipenem to meropenem during the PPA period in all three units. Resistances of P. aeruginosa were stable over the study period in ICU1 and ICU2, and significantly decreased over the PPA+PPRF period in ICU3 (β2 = -0.18, CI = -0.3 to -0.03). Conclusion In real-life conditions and with the same antimicrobial stewardship programme (AMSP) led by a single team, the impact of PPRF was heterogeneous between ICUs. Factors driving the impact of AMSPs should be further assessed in comparable settings through real-life data, to target where they could prove cost-effective.
Published: 2019

17. Insights into Streptococcus agalactiae PI-2b pilus biosynthesis and role in adherence to host cells

Author: Cherry Gao, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, Claire Poyart, Bruno Périchon, Julie Guignot, Shaynoor Dramsi, Noémi Szili, Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif - Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens (BBPG+), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Barrières et Pathogènes, [Institut Cochin] Departement Infection, immunité, inflammation, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), This work was supported by the DIM Malinf from the Conseil Régional d’Ile-de-France (Grant DIM130065) to CP and SD and the French Government's Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' Grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID. NS was recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the DIM Malinf., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Group B Streptococcus, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae / physiology, Operon, medicine.disease_cause, Bacterial Adhesion, Pilus, MESH: Adhesins, Bacterial / genetics, S. agalactiae, Cell Wall, Sortase, MESH: Phagocytosis, MESH: Endothelial Cells / microbiology, MESH: Humans Macrophages / microbiology, biology, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Adhesins, Bacterial / metabolism, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae / pathogenicity, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, education, GBS, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, THP-1 phagocytosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Phagocytosis, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, PI-2b pilus, Humans, MESH: Streptococcal Infections / microbiology, MESH: Bacterial Adhesion, Adhesins, Bacterial, Gene, Macrophages, MESH: Fimbriae, Bacterial / metabolism, Endothelial Cells, MESH: Cell Wall / metabolism, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae / genetics, MESH: Operon / genetics, Bacterial adhesin, 030104 developmental biology, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Pilin, biology.protein, bacteria, Biogenesis
Abstract: International audience; The core PI-2b pilus present in "hypervirulent" ST-17 Streptococcus agalactiae strains consists of three pilin subunits (Spb1, Ap1 and Ap2) assembled by sortase SrtC1 and cell-wall anchored by Srt2. Spb1 was shown to be the major pilin and Ap2 the anchor pilin. Ap1 is a putative adhesin. Two additional genes, orf and lep, are part of this operon. The contribution of Lep and Ap1 to the biogenesis of the PI-2b pilus was investigated. Concerning the role of PI-2b, we found that higher PI-2b expression resulted in higher adherence to human brain endothelial cells and higher phagocytosis by human THP1 macrophages.
Published: 2019

18. Biofilm production by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media

Author: Franck Thollot, Quentin Vermee, Emmanuelle Varon, Constantin Hays, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Corinne Levy, Claire Poyart, Stéphane Béchet, François Corrard, Josette Raymond, and Robert Cohen
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Serotype, medicine.medical_specialty, Haemophilus Infections, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 030106 microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Serogroup, medicine.disease_cause, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Microbiology, Haemophilus influenzae, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, AOM, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Nasopharynx, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, business.industry, Biofilm, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Naspharynx, Otitis Media, Infectious Diseases, Otitis, Biofilms, Child, Preschool, medicine.symptom, business, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Biofilm production by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of otitis media, mainly in chronic and recurrent cases. We studied the “in vitro” biofilm production by these 2 species isolated alone or together from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media. Methods The studied strains were from 3 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) periods: pre-PCV7, post-PCV7/pre-PCV13 and post-PCV13. A modified microtiter plate assay with crystal violet stain was used to study the biofilm production of 182 H. influenzae and 191 S. pneumoniae strains. Results Overall, 117/181 (64.6%) H. influenzae and 128/191 (66.8%) S. pneumoniae strains produced biofilm. The proportion of biofilm-producing H. influenzae strains was greater with than without the isolation of S. pneumoniae in the same sample (75.5% vs 52.3%, p = 0.001). Conversely, the proportion of biofilm-producing S. pneumoniae strains was not affected by the presence or not of H. influenzae (66.3% vs 67.4%). S. pneumoniae serotypes 6B, 15B/C, 19A, 35F and 35B were the better biofilm producers (80%). Serotypes 11A, 14, 15A, 19F and 19A were more associated with H. influenzae biofilm-producing strains. Overall, 89/94 (94.6%) of cases with combined isolation showed biofilm production by S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. Conclusion This study emphasizes the high proportion of biofilm production by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae strains isolated from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media, which reinforces the results of studies suggesting the importance of biofilm in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3657-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019

19. Superoxide anions produced by Streptococcus pyogenes group A-stimulated keratinocytes are responsible for cellular necrosis and bacterial growth inhibition

Author: Céline Plainvert, Etienne Crickx, Guillaume Ollagnier, Bernard Weill, Philippe Grange, Elodie Regnier, Frédéric Batteux, Claire Poyart, Laetitia Elie, Sandrine Chouzenoux, and Nicolas Dupin
Subjects: Keratinocytes, 0301 basic medicine, Streptococcus pyogenes, Immunology, Apoptosis, Inflammation, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Cell Line, Necrosis, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, Superoxides, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, NADPH oxidase, Innate immune system, Superoxide, NADPH Oxidases, Cell Biology, Growth Inhibitors, Immunity, Innate, Respiratory burst, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, biology.protein, medicine.symptom, Keratinocyte, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: Gram-positive Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a major skin pathogen and interacts with keratinocytes in cutaneous tissues. GAS can cause diverse suppurative and inflammatory infections, such as cellulitis, a common acute bacterial dermo-hypodermitis with a high morbidity. Bacterial isolation yields from the lesions are low despite the strong local inflammation observed, raising numerous questions about the pathogenesis of the infection. Using an in vitro model of GAS-infected keratinocytes, we show that the major ROS produced is the superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]), and that its production is time- and dose-dependent. Using specific modulators of ROS production, we show that [Formula: see text] is mainly synthesized by the cytoplasmic NADPH oxidase. Superoxide anion production leads to keratinocyte necrosis but incomplete inhibition of GAS growth, suggesting that GAS may be partially resistant to the oxidative burst. In conclusion, GAS-stimulated keratinocytes are able to develop an innate immune response based on the production of ROS. This local immune response limits GAS development and induces keratinocyte cell death, resulting in the skin lesions observed in patients with cellulitis.
Published: 2015

20. Highly virulent M1 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates resistant to clindamycin

Author: Nicolas Dmytruk, Céline Plainvert, J. Loubinoux, Claire Poyart, M.-C. Ploy, Gislène Collobert, Gérald Touak, Agnès Fouet, and C. Martin
Subjects: Adult, Male, Genotype, Streptococcus pyogenes, Context (language use), Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Streptococcal Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, medicine, Humans, Typing, Aged, 80 and over, Virulence, Streptococcus, Clindamycin, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Penicillin, Phenotype, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Multilocus sequence typing, Female, medicine.drug
Abstract: Context Emm1-type group A Streptococcus (GAS), or Streptococcus pyogenes, is mostly responsible for invasive infections such as necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). The recommended treatment of severe invasive GAS infections is a combination of clindamycin and penicillin. Until 2012, almost all emm1 isolates were susceptible to clindamycin. Objectives We aimed to identify the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of emm1 GAS clone resistant to clindamycin. Methods GAS strains were characterized by emm sequence typing, detection of genes encoding pyrogenic exotoxins or superantigens. Cluster analysis was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using disk diffusion and resistance genes were detected by PCR. Results A total of 1321 GAS invasive isolates were analyzed between January 2011 and December 2012. The overall number of invasive isolates resistant to clindamycin was 52 (3.9%); seven of them were emm1 isolates. All isolates had the same genomic markers: macrolide resistance due to the presence of the erm(B) gene, emm subtype 1.0, the same toxin or superantigen profile, PFGE pattern and sequence type. Conclusion This is the first description of highly virulent GAS emm1 isolates resistant to clindamycin in France. This article strengthens the need for monitoring the epidemiology of invasive GAS strains as they could lead to changes in treatment guidelines.
Published: 2015

21. Group B streptococcus neonatal invasive infections, France 2007–2012

Author: Josette Raymond, P. Trieu Cuot, Gérald Touak, Nicolas Dmytruk, Philippe Bidet, Claire Poyart, Caroline Joubrel, Solen Kernéis, Asmaa Tazi, Agnès Fouet, A. Six, DHU Risques Et Grossesse, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, the Institut Pasteur, Institut de Veille Sanitaire. A. Six was a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Ministère de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement supérieur and the University Paris Descartes Grant: 64111310., Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de microbiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Male, group B streptococcus, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Capsular serotype, Bacteremia, Disease, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, medicine.disease_cause, Serogroup, Group B, Microbiology, Meningitis, Bacterial, Streptococcus agalactiae, Internal medicine, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, risk factors, neonatal infections, Streptococcus, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, Gestational age, Infant, meningitis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Female, France, business, Meningitis, hypervirulent CC17
Abstract: International audience; Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus (GBS)) is the leading cause of invasive infections among newborns in industrialized countries, with two described syndromes: early-onset disease (EOD) and late-onset disease (LOD). Since the introduction in many countries of intrapartum antibioprophylaxis (IAP), the incidence of EOD has dramatically decreased, whereas that of LOD remains unchanged. We describe the clinical and bacteriological characteristics of 438 GBS neonatal invasive infections notified to the French National Reference Centre for Streptococci in France from 2007 to 2012. Clinical data were retrieved from hospitalization reports or questionnaires. Capsular type, assignment to the hypervirulent clonal complex (CC)17 and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined. One hundred and seventy-four (39.7%) and 264 (60.3%) isolates were responsible for EOD, including death in utero, and LOD, respectively. EOD was associated with bacteraemia (n = 103, 61%) and LOD with meningitis (n = 145, 55%). EOD was mainly due to capsular polysaccharide (CPS) III isolates (n = 99, 57%) and CPS Ia isolates (n = 40, 23%), and CPS III isolates were responsible for 80% (n = 211) of LOD cases. CC17 accounted for 80% (n = 121) of CPS III isolates responsible for meningitis (n = 151; total cases of meningitis, 188). Bad outcome risk factors were low gestational age and low birthweight. LOD represents almost 60% of cases of neonatal GBS disease in France and other countries in which IAP has been implemented. This observation reinforces the need to develop new prevention strategies targeting CC17, which is predominant in GBS neonatal infections.
Published: 2015
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22. In vitro evaluation and comparison of 5 rapid antigen detection tests for the diagnosis of beta-hemolytic group A streptococcal pharyngitis

Author: Igor Duquesne, Nicolas Dmytruk, Claire Poyart, Céline Plainvert, and Gérald Touak
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Antigens, Bacterial, Time Factors, Serial dilution, Streptococcus pyogenes, business.industry, Streptococcus, Pharyngitis, General Medicine, Dipstick, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Group A, In vitro, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antigen, Streptococcal Infections, Immunology, medicine, Humans, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]) is the leading cause of bacterial pharyngitis. To perform a rapid diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis, rapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) have been developed. In this study, we evaluated and compared the sensitivity and specificity of 5 RADTs (bioNexia Strep A plus™, bioNexia Strep A dipstick™, Clearview Strep A™, QuickVue Strep A plus™, and Streptatest™), using analytical approaches combining dilutions in NaCl 0.9% or in pharyngeal flora. The practicability of each RADT was also determined. Among the 630 RADTs performed in this work, all were specific, as no false positive was found resulting in a specificity of 100%. The 5 RADTs detected GAS at 10 6 CFU/mL in NaCl 0.9% or pooled pharyngeal flora. Regarding the practicability analysis, bioNexia Strep A plus, bioNexia Strep A dipstick and Streptatest RADTs obtained the highest scores for secondary items including kit content and instructions for use information. We concluded that these 5 easy-to-use RADTs are suitable for diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis, as they all detect GAS at a concentration commonly found during pharyngitis.
Published: 2015

23. Risk Factors for Infant Colonization by Hypervirulent CC17 Group B Streptococcus: Toward the Understanding of Late-onset Disease

Author: Alban Le Monnier, Najoua El Helali, Elie Azria, Emile Falloukh, Pierre Henri Jarreau, Céline Plainvert, Aurélien Seco, Catherine Branger, Olivia Anselem, François Goffinet, Morgane Ballon, Josette Raymond, Amandine Frigo, Laurent Mandelbrot, Asmaa Tazi, Claire Poyart, Valérie Marcou, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Fatma Magdoud El Alaoui, Caroline Joubrel, and Patrick Trieu-Cuot
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Concordance, Mothers, Breast milk, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, Streptococcus agalactiae, Feces, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Colonization, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Mouth, Virulence, business.industry, Streptococcus, Obstetrics, Incidence, Infant, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Major Articles and Commentaries, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vagina, Female, France, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND In infants, the mode of acquisition of CC17 group B Streptococcus (GBS), the hypervirulent clone responsible for late-onset disease (LOD), remains elusive. METHODS In a prospective multicenter study in France, we evaluated GBS colonization in mother-baby pairs with 2 months of follow-up between 2012 and 2015. Criteria included positivity for GBS colonization at antenatal screening or at delivery. Maternal vaginal samples and infant oral cavity and stool samples were analyzed at delivery, 21 ± 7 days (D21), and 60 ± 7 days (D60) post-delivery. RESULTS A total of 890 mother-baby pairs were analyzed. GBS colonized 7%, 21%, and 23% of the infants at birth, D21, and D60, respectively, of which 10%, 11%, and 13% were identified as CC17 GBS. Concordance between maternal and infant GBS type was 96%. At D21, the main risk factors for infant colonization by GBS were simultaneous maternal colonization of the vagina (odds ratio [OR], 4.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-15.61) and breast milk (OR, 7.93; 95% CI, 3.81-17.14). Importantly, 38% (95% CI, 23%-56%) of infants colonized by CC17 GBS appeared colonized for the first time at D60 vs 18% (95% CI, 14%-24%; P < .049) of infants colonized by non-CC17 GBS. Multivariate analysis showed a higher risk for de novo infant colonization by CC17 at D60 than by other GBS (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.02-5.88). CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of CC17 GBS in LOD is likely due to an enhanced post-delivery mother-to-infant transmission.
Published: 2018

24. In vitro activity of josamycin against Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from patients with upper respiratory tract infections in France

Author: Claire Poyart, M.-C. Ploy, Roland Leclercq, Jocelyne Caillon, P. Weber, Vincent Cattoir, and M. Auzou
Subjects: Josamycin, Respiratory tract infections, Streptococcus pyogenes, Broth microdilution, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Biology, Azithromycin, medicine.disease_cause, Pharyngitis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, medicine, Humans, France, medicine.symptom, Respiratory Tract Infections, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives The primary objective of our study was to obtain susceptibility data for josamycin against Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from patients presenting with upper respiratory tract infections in France. The secondary objective was to characterize the molecular mechanism of resistance in macrolide-resistant isolates. Patients and methods MICs of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, josamycin, and clindamycin were determined by the broth microdilution method. Resistance genes erm(B), erm(TR), and mef(A) were screened by PCR. Results The MIC50 and MIC90 of josamycin against 193 isolates of S. pyogenes were 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively, with a resistance rate estimated at 4.7%. Resistance was due to the erm(B) gene whereas strains harboring erm(TR) or mef(A) remained susceptible. Conclusions Josamycin was active against >95% of S. pyogenes isolated from patients with upper respiratory tract infections, and can be used as an alternative for the treatment of pharyngitis.
Published: 2015

25. Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates responsible for adult meningitis in France from 2003 to 2013

Author: Nicolas Dmytruk, Gérald Touak, Agnès Fouet, Naouale Maataoui, Céline Plainvert, Gislène Collobert, Claire Poyart, Alexandra Doloy, Caroline Joubrel, and J. Loubinoux
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Streptococcus pyogenes, 030106 microbiology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Group A, Meningitis, Bacterial, Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Emm type, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antigens, Bacterial, Mortality rate, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Shock, Septic, Survival Analysis, Infectious Diseases, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins, Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, Multilocus sequence typing, Female, France, Carrier Proteins, Meningitis, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Sixty-three cases of Streptococcus pyogenes meningitis in adults were studied. Three predominant emm types were associated with meningitis: emm1 (44%), emm3 (11%), and emm6 (11%). Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and mortality rates were 40% and 38%, respectively.
Published: 2016

26. Clinical and microbiological features associated with group B Streptococcus bone and joint infections, France 2004-2014

Author: Philippe Morand, J.-P. Barnier, Claire Poyart, Solen Kernéis, Vincent Cattoir, F. El Sayed, J. Loubinoux, N. Desplaces, V. Vernet, Asmaa Tazi, Céline Plainvert, B. Gislain, and Nicolas Dmytruk
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Erythromycin, Comorbidity, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, History, 21st Century, Group B, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Streptococcal Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthritis, Infectious, Streptococcus, business.industry, Osteomyelitis, Clindamycin, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Female, France, business, medicine.drug, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: This study describes the clinical and microbiological features associated with group B Streptococcus (GBS) bone and joint infections (BJIs). It was a retrospective analysis of adult cases of GBS BJIs reported to the French National Reference Center for Streptococci from January 2004 to December 2014. Clinical data and GBS molecular characteristics are reported. Strains were collected from 163 patients. The most frequent comorbidities were: solid organ cancer (n = 21, 21%) and diabetes mellitus (n = 20, 20%). The main infection sites were knee (47/155 = 30%) and hip (43/155 = 27%), and occurred on orthopedic devices in 71/148 cases (48%). CPS III (n = 47, 29%), Ia (n = 26, 16%) and V (n = 40, 25%) were predominant. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline was detected in 55/163 (34%), 35/163 (21%) and 132/163 (81%) strains, respectively. The most frequent sequence types were ST-1 (n = 21, 25%), ST-17 (n = 17, 20%) and ST-23 (n = 11, 13%). The rate of resistance to erythromycin was 0% for ST-17 strains, 52% (n = 11) for ST-1 and 44% (n = 7) for ST-23 (p 0.001). GBS bone and joint infections predominantly occur in patients aged50 years and/or with comorbidities such as cancer and diabetes mellitus. CPS type distribution and MLST are very similar to that of other adult GBS invasive infections.
Published: 2017

27. Human meningitis due to Streptococcus suis in Lomé, Togo: a case report

Author: Mounerou Salou, Koffi A.A. Balogou, Corinne Marois-Créhan, Asmaa Tazi, Claire Poyart, Mireille Prince-David, Komi Assogba, and Céline Plainvert
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Serotype, medicine.medical_specialty, Streptococcus suis, Swine, 030106 microbiology, Capsular serotype, Case Report, Neurologic sequelae, Serogroup, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Meningitis, Bacterial, Zoonosis, Tinnitus, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical microbiology, Streptococcal Infections, Epidemiology, medicine, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Meningitis, Medical history, Immunodeficiency, biology, business.industry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Red Meat, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Togo, Immunology, business
Abstract: Background Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen which represents the leading cause of meningitis in Southeast Asia and an emerging pathogen in the Western world, the main risk factor for infection being contact with pigs. In Africa, the prevalence of S. suis infections in swine and humans is largely unrecognized, with only one recent report of a limited case series. Case presentation We describe a human case of meningitis due to S. suis in a 32-year-old man living in Togo. The patient had no particular medical history and no risk factors for immunodeficiency but reported regular contact with pork products. Using specific immunological and molecular methods, we characterized the isolate as S. suis serotype 2, ST1, one the most prevalent and virulent clone worldwide. The outcome was favorable after one week of adapted antibiotic therapy but the patient was left with severe hearing disorders. Conclusions This work highlights the emergence of this pathogen in Africa and reinforces the need for accurate epidemiological and surveillance studies of S. suis infections and for educating clinicians and exposed groups in non-endemic countries.
Published: 2016

28. Impact potentiel du Film array Pneumonia panel sur le bon usage de l’antibiothérapie en cas de pneumonie

Author: J.-P. Mira, Claire Poyart, Nabil Gastli, Julien Loubinoux, Julien Charpentier, S. Alviset, and Solen Kernéis
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Introduction En cas de pneumonie, il est recommande d’adapter l’antibiotherapie (AB) a la documentation. Le FilmArray® (bioMerieux) Pneumonia Panel (FA-PP) est un test diagnostic base sur une PCR multiplex avec detection rapide et semi-quantitative d’une large selection de pathogenes respiratoires et de marqueurs de resistance bacterienne. Notre objectif etait d’evaluer son impact potentiel dans l’optimisation des AB en cas de pneumonie. Materiels et methodes Il s’agit d’une cohorte prospective dans un hopital universitaire de 1500 lits. De juillet a octobre 2018, tous les prelevements respiratoires envoyes en bacteriologie par 5 services (medecine interne, urgences, chirurgie thoracique, medecine intensive et reanimation, reanimation chirurgicale) ont ete evalues de facon prospective. Les patients presentant une pneumonie selon les criteres de l’IDSA (infiltrat radiologique et au moins un critere parmi : fievre > 38,5 °C, expectoration purulente, hyperleucocytose, hypoxemie) ont ete inclus. Chaque prelevement a ete mis en culture standard et teste avec le FA-PP. Il s’agissait d’une etude non interventionnelle avant mise sur le marche du test, les resultats du FA-PP n’ont donc pas ete communiques aux cliniciens en charge. Deux cliniciens seniors (un infectiologue et un reanimateur) ont ensuite simule un choix d’AB base sur la clinique et le resultat du FA-PP, qui a ete compare a l’AB reellement administree. Resultats Sur les 334 prelevements respiratoires evalues, 63 correspondaient a des episodes de pneumonie (chez 61 patients) et ont ete inclus : 40 pneumonies nosocomiales (PN) et 23 pneumonies aigues communautaires (PAC), 37 en reanimation et 26 hors reanimation. L’âge median etait de 64 ans (minimum 27–maximum 88), 46 patients etaient des hommes. Les echantillons etaient des aspirations endotracheales (36/63), ou des produits d’expectoration (27/63). Les pathogenes les plus souvent detectes par le FA-PP etaient : Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans les PN (11/40) et Staphylococcus aureus (5/23) et Streptococcus pneumoniae (4/23) dans les PAC. Les resultats du FA-PP auraient pu permettre une modification precoce de l’AB dans 79 % des episodes (50/63) : une desescalade dans 55 % des cas (35/63), une escalade dans 24 % des cas (15/63). Cette modification aurait ete appropriee dans 84 % des cas (42/50) : 33/35 pour la desescalade et 9/15 pour l’escalade. La desescalade precoce de l’AB basee sur le FA-PP associe a un conseil expert en antibiotherapie aurait epargne 133 jours d’AB large spectre sur notre cohorte. Conclusion Le FA-PP est un outil prometteur pour l’optimisation des anti-infectieux et le raccourcissement des antibiotherapies a large spectre en cas de pneumonie. Ces resultats sont a confirmer sur une etude prospective.
Published: 2019

29. Impact potentiel d’une technique en temps réel et d’antibiogrammes rapides sur les modifications d’antibiothérapie dans les bactériémies à bacille Gram négatif en réanimation

Author: H. Poupet, S. Alviset, Solen Kernéis, Julien Charpentier, Claire Poyart, and J.-P. Mira
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Introduction Dans la plupart des etablissements de sante, les hemocultures sont traitees pendant les heures « ouvrables » du laboratoire de bacteriologie (8h30–18h30). Notre objectif etait d’evaluer l’impact potentiel sur l’antibiotherapie (AB) de l’utilisation de techniques d’antibiogramme (ABg) rapide et d’un traitement en temps reel (24 h/24) des hemocultures a bacille Gram negatif (BGN) chez les patients de reanimation. Materiels et methodes Etude retrospective de tous les episodes de bacteriemie a BGN survenus dans le service de reanimation d’un hopital universitaire de 1500 lits entre le 1er janvier et le 31 decembre 2017. Nous avons recueilli les donnees demographiques, cliniques, pronostiques, les delais de rendu des resultats et de modification d’AB. Puis 4 scenarios ont ete envisages : – 1 (observe) : technique aux heures ouvrables (8h30–18h30) et ABg standard ; – 2 (simule) : technique en temps reel (24 h/24) et ABg standard ; – 3 (simule) : technique aux heures ouvrables (8h30-18h30) et ABg rapide ; – 4 (simule) : technique en temps reel (24 h/24) et ABg rapide. Dans les scenarios 2 et 4 le delai de transport et chargement de l’hemoculture etait fixe a 2 h. Dans les scenarios 3 et 4 le delai de rendu de l’ABg etait fixe a 7 h. Resultats Nous avons inclus 86 episodes de bacteriemie a BGN chez 76 patients : 52 hommes (68 %), âge median 67 ans [interquartile : 53–78], score de Charlson median 5 [0–15], mortalite en reanimation 28/76 (37 %). La porte d’entree etait majoritairement digestive (26 ; 30 %) ou liee a un catheter (16 ; 19 %). Les bacteries les plus frequemment retrouvees etaient : E. coli (36, 33 %), Enterobacter sp (20, 18 %), P. aeruginosa (11, 10 %). Apres reception de l’ABg, l’antibiotherapie etait modifiee dans 62 % des episodes (53/86), pour une desescalade dans 46 cas. En routine, le delai median observe entre le prelevement et l’examen direct etait de 26 heures [19–34] et entre l’examen direct et la validation de l’ABg de 29 heures [27–50]. Le delai median total entre le prelevement et la validation de l’ABg etait de 61 heures [53–77] en routine, 48 heures [42–66] dans le scenario 2, 33 heures [26–41] dans le scenario 3 et 22 heures [20–27] dans le scenario 4. Les scenarios 2, 3 et 4 avaient le potentiel de raccourcir le delai de modification de l’antibiotherapie en moyenne de 6, 19 et 24 heures respectivement. Conclusion Prendre en charge les hemocultures 24 h/24 et utiliser des techniques d’ABg rapide pourrait accelerer de facon significative les modifications de l’AB dans les bacteriemies a BGN en reanimation. Une reflexion sur les couts engendres doit etre menee pour determiner le scenario le plus pertinent.
Published: 2019

30. Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study

Author: Odile Fremin-Batteux, Juliette Clarissou-Philippe, Benoît Jauhlac, Severine Guyetand, Jacques Gasnault, Corinne Haioun, Liamine Aissaoui, Marie-Christine Pages, Marie-Pierre Fos, Christian Rose, Didier Hubert, Marie-Rose Rothe, N. Bouziges, Benoît Huc, François Devianne, Sabine Bidart, Anne Forest, Kevin Bertrand, Mohamed Eldeghedy, Annick Verhaeghe, Caroline Malderet, Anne Bertrou, Bernard Guerquin, Catherine Duche, Muriel Archambaud, Rabea Cotteret, Olivier Toullalan, Yves Devaux, Smail Bergheul, Valérie Sivadon-Tardy, Pierre-Gilles Merville, Geneviève Blanchard-Marche, Didier Raoult, Bernard Hory, Florence Richardin, Evelyne Belle, Mohamed Menouar, K Guitteaud, Mohamad Mohty, Ambroise Montcriol, Max Laurin, Aurélia Picard, Jean-Paul Mira, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Richard Bonnet, Michel Wolff, Sébastien Maillez, Jeanne Maugein, Véronique Leblond, Nicola Walid, Bernard Gauche, Mathieu Evillard, Hassen Jeddi, Anne Bourlet, Isabelle Grawey, Thierry Jault, Sandrine Hiret, Valerie Gaborieau, Véronique Boin-Gay, An Kim, Thierry Constans, Jean-François Gaide, Martine Giraud, Eric Meaudre Desgouttes, Alain Fur, Abdallah Maakaroun, Olivier Matray, Bertrand Maubert, Frédérique Péchinot, Aurelie Garbi, Claire Delbrouck, Benoît Grandclerc, Vincent Cadiergue, Hervé Lécuyer, Bernadette Grignon, Thierry Bensaid, Nicole Constantin, Yannick Chevalier, Hassène Rahmani, Thierry Levent, Joelle Desliers, Florence Van de Velde, Xavier Adhoute, Clara Andriau, Christophe Charasse, Rémi Vatan, Benoît Martha, Alain Lecis, Didier Albert, Romain Jacobs, Hélène Lefranc, Christian Martin, Nasseur Rezgui, Bertrand Pigeon, Catherine Le Henaff, Dominique Cassignard, Françoise Cotes, Eric Pujade Lauraine, Jean-François Gattault, Nicole Ferreira-Maident, Noémie Jourde-Chiche, Hélène Garrec, Olivier Darchen, Carole Schwebel, Marie-Christine Bezian, Patrick Daoud, Tsouria Becaid, Simone Laluque, David Broche, Christine Boisselier, Pascale Martres, Sarah Hammami, Brigitte Olivier, Jean-Marie Nkunzimana, Eric Monlun, Isabelle Marterl-Lafay, Marion Carboni, Marie-Françoise Mattei, Sandrine Castelin, Isabelle Barillot, Marie-Noelle Cufi, Thomas Kaiser, Catherine Herry, Pascal Hutin, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Bernard Branger, Pierre Thomas, Elie Zagdoun, Anne Goquelin, Ziad Assaf, Ingrid Croquet, Bruno Pozzetto, Thomas Similowski, Anne-Isabelle Briere, Marie-Thérèse Albertini, Mariam Blaka, Christelle Tassot, Anne Gaschet, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Antoine Pujol, Philippe Colombat, Edouard Devaud, Hana Talabani-Boizot, François Barière, Anne-Marie Cordier, Philippe Gueudet, Georges Simon, Anne-Sophie Lipovac, Françoise Bandaly, Anne Beauplet-Lepage, Sylvie Prince, Charlotte Jouzel, Jean-Luc Deboutin, Patrick Zavadil, Louis Puybasset, Marie-Cécile Petit, Loïc Guillevin, Kamel Touati, Christophe Ntalu Nkato, Sylvie Carette, Jacques Vaucel, Chantal Delasalle, Marine Gross Goupil, Laurent Gutmann, Christiane Payen, Annick Barboteau, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Christophe Legendre, Philippe Roulier, Elie Azria, Ibrahim Farah, Isabelle Rouquette-Vincent, Anne-Sophie Erena-Penet, Philippe Labadie, Eric Josien, Aicha Derragui, Mathieu Legrand, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Jean-Marc Nabholtz, Marie-Joelle Demarcq, Olivier Garosi, Michel Deiber, Fabrice Chaix, Bertrand Souweine, Anne Collignon, Gisèle Renard, Mickael Jego, Gilles Bernardin, Anne Allart, Jocelyn Barrier, Marc Vasse, Philippe Ménager, Marc Wurmser, Abderkader Ouazir, Olivier Gontieron, Yvon Berland, Sébastien Trouiller, David Leysenne, Christophe Ozanon, Fanny Autret, Tahar Saghi, Loïc Dopeux, Sophie Benoit-Coustou, T. Fraisse, Christine Maillard, Karine Nikodijevic, Georges Kaltenbach, Angéline Jamet, Philippe Aucher, Julie Bottero, Marie-Claude Piffaut, Marianne Besnard, Florence Courillon, Marie Bonfils, Christine Ghevaert, Marie Destors, Eliette Jeanmaire, Franck Zerbib, Manuel-Luis Gameiro, T Prazuck, Laurent Mandin, Olivier Guisset, Marguerite Fines, Toufik Feddal, Agnès Jouffret, Louis Mesnard, Thomas Bourrée, Hasinrina Razafimahefa, Sylvestre Tigaud, Vincent Estève, Philippe Malherbe, Jean-Michel Salord, Pascal Adam, Bertrand Rozec, Michel Fuillet, Olivier Lemenand, Denis Quinsat, Ana Danalaché, Véronique Vialette, François Brosset, Patrick Messner Pellenc, Nicolas Heisel, Edouard Girard, Régine Martin, Olivier Garesslin, Catherine Mille, Alexandre Gascon, Marc Nicolino, Laurence Mouly, Claire Fabre, Bénédicte Ponceau, Marie-Etiennette Emeriau, Pascal Cathebras, Bérangère Bernardaud, Michèle Pérouse de Montclos, O. Arsene, Karine Grenet, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Sten De Witte, Anne Scemla, Laurence Bouillet, Christophe Burucoa, Vincent Loffeier, Séverine Visentin, Luc Desfrere, Miloud Arabi, Frédérique Costa, Sylvie Lechat, Ali Chekroun, Raymond Ruimy, Marie, Jérôme Bizet, Xavier Nassif, Baihas Dib, Patrick Bert-Marcaz, Laurent Martin Lefèvre, Nicholas Sedillot, Blandine Cattier, Emilie Boidin, Daniel Sondag, Aude Bourrouillou, Alain Noirot, Franck Desemerie, Fréderic Heluwaert, Catherine Tamalet, Marc G. 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Costa, Chandrah Goburdhun, Bernard Gressier, Alban Michaud-herbst, Franck Charlier, Moussa Hecham, Luc Boulain, Hélène Corneloup, Alix Greder Belan, Nicolas Boussekey, Claire-Antoinette Dupuy, Yannick Rouquet, Benoit Renard, Benifla Jl, Etienne Javouhey, Michèle Granier, Marie-Christine Jaffarbandjee, Emilie Piet, Benoît Bergues, Claire Malbrunot, Catherine Tiry, Philippe Mérigot, Mouna Ben Soltana, Chantal Roure Sobas, Florian Radenac, Yves Thomas, Agathe Blaise, Sylvie De Martino, Laurence Legout, Gabriel Choukroun, Jean-François Muir, Peggy Dupretz, Patrick Dupont, François Guichart, Julie Jean, Jean-Michel Descamps, Bernard Kittschke, Anne Gruson, Gerard Viquesnel, Marie Keller, Pascal Chavanet, Françis Vallet, Yvan Vaschalde, Jean-Luc Hanouz, Gerard Lina, Françoise Loison, Simon Vincent, Jean-Paul Thellier, Moncef Afi, Dominique Zagozda, Hélène Sokeng-Affoule, Marc Le Bideau, Jean-François Loriferne, Alain Gravet, Sophie Deprecq, Tarik Naceur, Severine Mielczarek, René-Jean Bensadoun, Bernard Karkous, Yves Bléher, Jocelyne Poulain, Véronique Goulet, Laurence Nicolet, Sophie Arista, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira, Jean-François Schved, Laurent Nicolet, Claire Lecomte, Faiza Benddif-Fin, Michel Aumersier, Laurence Burc-Struxiano, Maxime Thouvenin, Samia Harbi, Mathieu Detave, Catherine Rebeyrotte, Jean-Paul Kisterman, Bruno Berdin, Pascal Vincent, Laurent Argaud, Elisabeth Parisi-Duchene, Geneviève Julienne, Fernanda Farto-Bensasson, Georges-Fabrice Blum, Sad Gaizi, Tali-Anne Szwebel, Raphaël Lepeule, Marie-Thérèse Climas, Anne-Françoise Dillies, Amar Boudhane, Umberto Simeoni, Pierre-François Dequin, Gérard Oliviero, Alain Gourlaouen, Caroline Piau, Marie-France Lutz-Murphy, Benoît Claude, Jean-Paul Aubry, Nadine Dubosc-Marchenay, Kamilla Chraibi, Emmanuelle Heusse, Sylvain Le Chevallier, Nathalie Brieu, Farid Sifaoui, Lorraine Letranchant, Hélène Durox, Jean-Pierre Lagasse, Adel Ghedira, Xavier Roubert, Fatma Magdoud, Hélène Jean-Pierre, Etienne Carbonelle, Olivier Dereeper, Lionel Carbillon, Christophe Billy, Mélanie Roblin, Marie-José Kodzin, Philippe Niel, Solène Makdessi, Matteo Vassallo, Maryse Archambaud, Fabian Haccourt, Didier Blaise, Stéphane Bourgeois, Elena Marcu, Charles Kubiak, Brisse Castel, François Guinet, Marie Pouzoullic, Frédérique Nathan-Bonnet, Vincent Gendrin, Céline Becherrawy, Aline Secher, Pierre Abgueguen, Clarence Eloy, Jean-Marc Tourani, Frédéric Klapczynski, Bernard Montmasson, Philippe Real, Joanna Pofelski, Yves Welker, Karim Krechiem, Eric Caumes, Martine Elena-Daumas, Christophe Saigne, Gilles Hittinger, Chantal Delesalle, Jonathan Messika, Fabrice Lesage, Daniela Pop, Daniel Coetmeur, Renato Colamarino, Chetaou Mahaza, Patrick Plésiat, Isabelle Fredenucci, Mylène Baret, Guy Mager, Pascale Chavel, Isabelle Labourdette, Anne-Claude Menguy, Nicolas Fortineau, Ludovic Le Sec, Valérie Gauduchon, Francis Barraud, Nicolas Letellier, Didier Vincent, Janine Frey, Philippe Riegel, Michel Pavic, Jean-Luc Fabre, Jean-Pierre Fauchart, Alain Goudeau, Stéphanie Husson-Wetzel, Philippe Eymerit, Mohamed Camara, Nathalie Seta, Elisabeth Carole Ngo Bell, Philippe Repellin, Laurent Alric, Vincent Leroy, Françoise Delisle Mizon, Jean-Philippe Emond, Marie-Françoise Borie, Lise Crémet, Wladimir Chelle, Elisabeth Brottier-Mancini, Bernard Garrigues, Claire Letellier, Loïc Geffray, Frédéric Méchaï, Julien Bador, Benoit Guery, Alain-Charles Fouilhoux, Corinne Dagada, Pierre Duhaut, Julien Goustille, Arnaud Sément, Francis Carcenac, Isabelle Girard-Buttaz, Claire Chapuzet, Fabienne Jouatte, Bruno Riou, Fabrice Hayoun, Chloé Di Meglio, Youssef Ali, Michel Leneveu, Nathalie Montagne, Yves Garcera, Audrey Moustache, Pierre-Eric Danin, Geneviève Le Lay, Dominique Courouge-Dorcier, Isabelle Worcel, Emmanuel Morelon, Vincent Pestre, Jean-Pierre Vilque, Jean-Christophe Paquet, Lucien Bodson, Anne-Marie Forest, Fabrice Pierre, Christian Pommier, Fabien Dutasta, Pierre Fournel, Stéphanie Courtois, Elodie Dubois, Serge Vanden Einjden, Patrick Honderlick, Pascal Richette, Fabienne Tamion, Véronique Chassy, Richard Megbemado, Anne-Marie Le Reste, Bernard Simian, Henri Osman, Anthony Texier, Badih Ayach, François Simon, Jean-Michel Filloux, Béatrice Dubourdieu, Jean-Claude Semet, Sarah Kubab, Tawfiq Henni, Patrick Dudeffant, Delphine Hequet, Olivier Mimoz, Marc Auburtin, Amélie Chabrol, Mickael Bonnan, Caroline Léonnet, Claire Wintenberger, Serge Ilunga, Patrice Lanba, Sophie Rosello, Alexandre Damage, Flore Bouche, Michel Thibault, Frederic Faibis, Chantal Dhennain, Jean-Philippe Talarmin, Armelle Lamour, Remi Boussier, Fabien Garnier, Marie-Laure Brival, Nourredine Hedjem, Philippe Vande-perre, Raphaël Coint, Jean-Claude Reveil, Eva Weinbronn, Emmanuelle Lavalard, Alexandra Fille, Françoise Le Turdu, Lionel Leroux, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Jean Berthet, Radia Bouaziz, Alain Ravaud, Sylvaine Rousseau, Yacine Merrouche, Alain Le Coustumier, Bertrand Guider, Gisèle Dewulf, Jean-Marc Faucheux, Jacques Piquet, Franck Leibinger, Charles Cerf, Robin Stephan, Jean-Philippe Redonnet, Jean-Paul Stahl, Ella Dzeing, Simona Pavel, Guy Vernet, Ghada Hatem, Samer Kayal, Jacques Deschamps, Dominique Descamps, Marion Levast, Marc Bouiller, Sylvie Dargere, Claire Dingremont, Stéphane Gaudry, François Maillot, Sylvie Odent, Nathalie Cervantes, Hélène Zanaldi, Laurence Gachassin, Olivier Ruyer, David Patin, Benoît Cazenave, Pascal Jacquier, Michelle Boyer, Béatrice Berteaux, Virginie Zarrouk, Jacques Bor, Isabelle Legoff, Hélène Albinet, Florence Rousseau, Gilles Pialoux, Guenaelle Salaun-Beretta, Alexandra Moura, Véronique Vernet Garnier, Didier Lepelletier, Pierre-Alexandre Hauss, Joëlle Belaisch-Amart, Didier Lepeletier, Jacob Xavier, Aline Nare, Annie Motard-Picheloup, Alain Améri, Bertrand Lioger, Jean-Valère Malfuson, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Listeria - National Reference Center Listeria (CNRL), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Listeria / WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria (CC-OMS / WHO-CC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département de Médecine interne [Lariboisière], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Infectious Disease Department [Saint Maurice], Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] (ANSP), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Mécanismes physiopathologiques et conséquences des calcifications vasculaires - UR UPJV 7517 (MP3CV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, MONALISA study group, Programme Hospitalier Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, French Public Health Agency., ROZIER, marie-Claire, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Listeria - Biologie des Infections (CNRL), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Listeria - Biologie des Infections (CCOMS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Listeria - Biologie des Infections ( CNRL ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS (CCOMS) des Listeria ( CCOMS ), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité ( CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie ( UPMC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Hôpital Lariboisière, Biologie des Infections, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources ( ICAReB ), Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] ( ANSP ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Bacteremia/epidemiology/mortality, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, bacteraemia, Infectious Disease Transmission, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bacteremia, France/epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Foodborne Diseases, Meningoencephalitis, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Vertical, Medicine, Listeriosis, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, ddc:618, diabetes, alcoholism, Hazard ratio, Foodborne Diseases/microbiology, immuno suppressive therapies, Prognosis, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, isolates, Population Surveillance, Female, France, Listeria monocytogenes/classification/isolation & purification, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Notifiable disease, Listeriosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/microbiology, Context (language use), macromolecular substances, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, study, Aged, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Public health, cirrhosis, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology, HIV, Mandatory Reporting, Newborn, medicine.disease, Listeria monocytogenes, infection, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/microbiology, Meningoencephalitis/epidemiology/microbiology/mortality, Observational study, business, prognostic, mellitus
Abstract: International audience; Evidence before this study We searched PubMed on June 30, 2016, for English-language cohort studies published since Jan 1, 1980, of patients with invasive listeriosis worldwide with the keywords " listeria " , " listeriosis " , " maternal " , and " neurolisteriosis ". Studies had to include epidemiological or clinical data on listeriosis. All clinical forms of infection were included (bacteraemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal–neonatal infection). Host risk factors for listeriosis have been well identified, but the clinical features and prognostic factors of the disease are based on retrospective studies compiling heterogeneous data or random collected cases. Furthermore, no clinical trial has ever been done and medical management is not evidence based. Added value of the study Our study is the first prospective clinical study focusing on all forms of invasive listeriosis. The study is based on a national mandatory system that allowed the nearly complete capture of microbiologically proven cases. The study shows a higher burden of listeriosis than reported before: more than 80% of infected mothers experienced major fetal or neonatal complications (fetal loss, very high prematurity, early or late onset disease); only 39% of patients with neurolisteriosis survived and fully recovered. The study provides important new data to improve management and predict outcome in listeriosis, such as determination of the time window for fetal losses (
Published: 2016

31. Identification of group A streptococcal emm types commonly associated with invasive infections and antimicrobial resistance by the use of multiplex PCR and high-resolution melting analysis

Author: Stéphane Bonacorsi, Edouard Bingen, Philippe Bidet, Sandrine Liguori, Céline Courroux, Androulla Efstratiou, Claire Poyart, Céline Plainvert, and Camille d’Humières
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Serotype, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Biology, Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Group A, High Resolution Melt, Microbiology, Antibiotic resistance, Medical microbiology, Anti-Infective Agents, stomatognathic system, Streptococcal Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Humans, Typing, Child, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, Gel electrophoresis, Antigens, Bacterial, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Reproducibility of Results, Streptococcus, General Medicine, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Erythromycin, stomatognathic diseases, Infectious Diseases, Genes, Bacterial, Child, Preschool, Carrier Proteins, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Abstract: M/emm typing, based either on serotyping of the M protein or on sequencing of the emm gene, is a major tool for epidemiological studies of group A streptococci (GAS). In order to simplify M/emm typing, we designed two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) formats capable of identifying the most frequent GAS M/emm types involved in invasive infections and antimicrobial resistance. A heptaplex PCR procedure was first developed in a conventional format coupled with gel electrophoresis to identify emm types 1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 28, and 89, based on the size of the amplification products. The other method, designed to identify the same seven emm types, together with emm11, was based on a real-time PCR format coupled with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, allowing the rapid typing of large strain collections.
Published: 2012

32. Prevention of group B streptococcal neonatal disease revisited. The DEVANI European project

Author: M. Killian, A. Puertas, A. Decheva, Javier Rodríguez-Granger, Claire Poyart, Reinhard Berner, Alberto Berardi, Pierrette Melin, John L. Telford, Markus Hufnagel, Lucilla Baldassarri, P. Krizova, Mirjam Kunze, J. C. Alvargonzalez, Manuel Rosa-Fraile, Graziella Orefici, Barbara Spellerberg, and Androulla Efstratiou
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Pregnancy, 030225 pediatrics, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Intensive care medicine, Health policy, reproductive and urinary physiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Streptococcal Vaccines, Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, bacterial infections and mycoses, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, 3. Good health, Europe, Neonatal infection, Infectious Diseases, Carrier State, bacteria, Female, business
Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to present the current knowledge on the prevention of group B streptococcus (GBS) neonatal infections and the status of prevention policies in European countries and to present the DEVANI pan-European program, launched in 2008. The aim of this program was to assess the GBS neonatal infection burden in Europe, to design a new vaccine to immunize neonates against GBS infections, to improve the laboratory performance for the diagnosis of GBS colonization and infection, and to improve the methods for the typing of GBS strains. The current guidelines for GBS prevention in different countries were ascertained and a picture of the burden before and after the instauration of prevention policies has been drawn. After the issue of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, many European countries have adopted universal screening for the GBS colonization of pregnant women and intrapartum prophylaxis to colonized mothers. Nevertheless, some European countries continue advocating the risk factor approach to GBS prevention. Most European countries have implemented policies to prevent GBS neonatal infections and the burden of the disease has decreased during the last several years. Nevertheless, further steps are necessary in order to develop new strategies of prevention, to improve microbiological techniques to detect GBS colonization and infection, and to coordinate the prevention policies in the EU.
Published: 2012
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33. Host specificity in the diversity and transfer of lsa resistance genes in group B Streptococcus

Author: Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre, Claire Poyart, Elisabeth Sauvage, Philippe Glaser, Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif - Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (grant 2010-PATH-004-02) and the LabEx project IBEID., ANR-10-PATH-0004,MobileGenomics(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), BOUYSSIE, Reine, Programme transnational sur les agents infectieux - - MobileGenomics2010 - ANR-10-PATH-0004 - Pathogenomics - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Diterpenes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sequence Homology, Genome, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene cluster, MESH: Cattle Diseases, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Sequence Homology, Recombination, Genetic, Genetics, Streptogramin A, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Lincosamides, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Cattle, Infectious Diseases, Chromosomal region, Horizontal gene transfer, MESH: Recombination, Genetic, Diterpenes, MESH: Genes, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Gene Transfer, Horizontal, MESH: Host Specificity, medicine.drug_class, Cattle Diseases, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, Host Specificity, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Polycyclic Compounds, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, MESH: Streptogramin A, MESH: Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Animals, Polycyclic Compounds, MESH: Lincosamides, Gene, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, Comparative genomics, 030306 microbiology, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, bacterial infections and mycoses, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae, MESH: Gene Transfer, Horizontal, chemistry, Genes, Bacterial, bacteria, Cattle, MESH: Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Abstract: OBJECTIVES In group B Streptococcus (GBS), cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramin A and pleuromutilins (LSAP) is mediated by the acquisition of lsa genes. Here, we characterized the diversity, mobility and ecology of lsa genes in this species. METHODS lsa variants were systematically identified by BLAST searches in the genomes of 531 GBS strains from different hosts and geographical origins. The associated phenotypes were determined by a microdilution MIC method. Acquisition of resistance genes was deduced from comparative genomics and phylogeny. Their mobility was tested by conjugation experiments. RESULTS lsa(E) and three variants of lsa(C) were identified in GBS strains. Two lsa(C) variants had not been previously reported. All four variants conferred LSAP phenotypes. lsa(E) was located in a multiresistance gene cluster of a single human strain. This gene was transferred by a high-frequency recombination-type mechanism between GBS strains. Two lsa(C) variants are carried in six unrelated human strains by two similar elements specifically integrated in the oriT site of four different classes of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Strikingly, the acquisition of the resistance gene always occurred by the integration of the element into a resident ICE. The third lsa(C) variant was located at the same site in the core genome of 11 genetically distant bovine strains and was likely propagated by horizontal transfer of the corresponding chromosomal region. CONCLUSIONS lsa genes in GBS show distinct host specificities and modes of transfer. In general, their dissemination is mediated by recombination rather than by the transfer of conjugative elements.
Published: 2015

34. Impact d’un programme de réévaluation systématique multidisciplinaire sur la consommation des carbapénèmes et la résistance de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans trois services de réanimation : analyse en séries temporelles de données de surveillance 2012–2017

Author: R. Batista, Claire Poyart, A. Casetta, Solen Kernéis, H. Poupet, Jean-Paul Mira, A. Rabbat, S. Abbara, M. Domenech de Cellès, and E. Canouï
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Introduction Un programme de bon usage des carbapenemes a ete mis en place dans notre hopital de 1500 lits, base sur deux strategies implantees successivement : dispensation nominative par la pharmacie hospitaliere (depuis 2012) et reevaluation systematique a 24–48 h par l’equipe mobile d’infectiologie (depuis 2016). Nous avons evalue l’impact successif de ces strategies sur la consommation de carbapenemes et la resistance de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans trois services de reanimation : medicale (rea 1), chirurgicale (rea 2), medicochirurgicale (rea 3). Materiels et methodes La consommation de carbapenemes en Dose Definie Journaliere/1000 Journees d’Hospitalisation (DDJ/1000 JH) et les donnees de resistance ont ete analysees par des modeles d’analyse des series temporelles. La resistance de P. aeruginosa a ete exprimee en incidence de souches resistantes aux carbapenemes, i.e. resistantes a l’imipeneme et/ou au meropeneme/1000 JH. Deux periodes ont ete comparees : periode 1 (2012–2015, dispensation nominative seule) et periode 2 (2016–mi 2017, dispensation nominative + reevaluation). Les modeles ont ete ajustes sur l’incidence annuelle des Enterobacteries productrices de Beta-lactamases a spectre etendu (E-BLSE) dans chaque unite. Resultats En 2012, la consommation de carbapenemes etait de 81, 243 et 200 DDJ/1000 JH respectivement dans les rea 1, 2 et 3. Pendant la periode 1, la consommation a augmente significativement dans la rea 1 (+33, ecart-type [ET] = 8, p Conclusion La reevaluation systematique des prescriptions de carbapenemes par une equipe mobile d’infectiologie a montre un impact variable dans les 3 secteurs, un effet significatif n’ayant ete observe qu’en reanimation medicale. La strategie de reevaluation systematique des carbapenemes est tres consommatrice de temps pour les equipes mobiles. Son efficacite depend probablement de multiples facteurs (incidence locale d’E-BLSE, profil des patients, presentations cliniques…) qui doivent etre identifies pour cibler les services ou cette strategie serait la plus efficace.
Published: 2018

35. Rapid Emergence of Resistance to Linezolid and Mutator Phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from an Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patient

Author: Gislène Collobert, Claire Poyart, Jeanne Chapron, Dominique Hubert, Asmaa Tazi, Philippe Morand, Magalie Longo, Daniel Dusser, and Gérald Touak
Subjects: Adult, Staphylococcus aureus, Cystic Fibrosis, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Cystic fibrosis, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, 23S ribosomal RNA, Acetamides, medicine, Humans, heterocyclic compounds, Pharmacology (medical), In patient, Oxazolidinones, Pharmacology, organic chemicals, Mutator phenotype, Linezolid, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Virology, Anti-Bacterial Agents, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, bacteria
Abstract: Linezolid has emerged as an important therapeutic option for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cystic fibrosis. We report the rapid emergence, upon treatment with linezolid, of linezolid-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates through the accumulation of resistance-associated 23S rRNA mutations, together with acquisition of an altered mutator phenotype.
Published: 2013

36. Safety and immunogenicity of SC599, an oral live attenuated Shigella dysenteriae type-1 vaccine in healthy volunteers: Results of a Phase 2, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Author: Nathalie Jolly, Marie-Lise Gougeon, Béatrice Poirier, Stéphane Béchet, Philippe Morand, Odile Launay, Raphaela Giemza, Anna Ndiaye, Muriel Vray, Julie Johnson, Claire Poyart, Nicola Fenner, Philippe J. Sansonetti, Valérie Seffer, Kelly Dowling, David J. M. Lewis, Diane van der Vliet, and Christine Sadorge
Subjects: Adult, Male, Shigellosis, Shigella dysenteriae, Placebo-controlled study, Administration, Oral, Pharmacology, Vaccines, Attenuated, Placebo, Placebos, Young Adult, Double-Blind Method, Shigella Vaccines, medicine, Humans, Attenuated vaccine, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, business.industry, Immunogenicity, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Shiga toxin, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Antibodies, Bacterial, Immunoglobulin A, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Female, business
Abstract: SC599 vaccine is a live Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain attenuated by deletion of invasion [icsA], iron chelation [ent, fep] and shiga toxin A subunit [stxA] genes. In a preliminary Phase 1 single dose prospective study, we showed that SC599 vaccine was well tolerated, and the maximum tolerable dose was greater than 10(8) CFU [Sadorge C, Ndiaye A, Beveridge N, Frazer S, Giemza R, Jolly N, et al. Phase 1 clinical trial of live attenuated Shigella dysenteriae type-1 DeltaicsA Deltaent Deltafep DeltastxA:HgR oral vaccine SC599 in healthy human adult volunteers. Vaccine 2008; 26(7):978-8]. In this Phase 2 trial, three groups of volunteers ingested a single dose of SC599 [10(5) CFU, n=38; 10(7) CFU, n=36] or placebo [n=37]. Both 10(5) and 10(7) CFU doses were immunogenic, inducing significant IgA and IgG LPS-specific ASCs and antibody responses, comparable in magnitude to those of other strains that prevented illness following experimental challenge. In the intention to treat analysis, 34.2% and 44.4% IgA ASC responders were detected in the 10(5) and 10(7) CFU groups respectively (p0001 vs placebo for both groups), as well as 31.6% and 33.3% serum IgA responders (p001 and p0.001 vs placebo for 10(5) and 10(7) CFU groups, respectively). No difference between the two vaccine groups was observed. No stxB-specific antibody response was detected in the vaccines. SC599 excretion occurred in 23.7 and 30.6% of subjects in the 10(5) and 10(7) CFU groups, respectively. SC599 vaccine was well tolerated, and the reported adverse events were mainly digestive. These results indicate that a single oral immunization of SC599 vaccine elicits a significant circulating IgA ASC and serum antibody response that may confer protection against the most severe symptoms of Shigellosis in responders to the vaccine.
Published: 2009

37. Dépistage familial systématique dans la coqueluche du nourrisson

Author: Florence Moulin, D. Gendrel, Cécile Cosnes-Lambe, Claire Poyart, J. Raymond, B. Rheinardt, E. Bosdure, Hélène Réglier-Poupet, M.-J. El Hajje, J.-B. Armengaud, and Martin Chalumeau
Subjects: Booster vaccination, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Bordetella pertussis, biology, business.industry, Disease, Young parents, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Young infants, Serology, Bordetella, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, business, Whooping cough
Abstract: The origin of contamination in pertussis of young infants is generally the close relatives. From 2000 to 2004, only serology and culture were available in our hospital. The families of 16 young infants (age below one year) hospitalized for pertussis were screened using serological tests: 21/48 contacts were positive. After 2004, PCR was available for exploration of index cases and families: 35/85 contacts were positive. Of the mothers tested 23/46 were positive compared to 14/41 fathers. Only one parent presented with a typical paroxystic pertussis cough, 60% presented with a nonparoxystic cough having lasted for more than five days and 40% of positive adults did not present with cough. Despite official recommendations, none of these young parents had received an antipertussis booster vaccination. This study shows the high frequency of atypical or nonsymptomatic pertussis in adults in the close family of infected young infants. These adults contribute to spreading the disease.
Published: 2008

38. Increasing rates of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Paris, France

Author: Philippe Gerhardt, Claire Poyart, Hélène Poupet, Nicolas Dupin, B Falissard, and David Farhi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Paris, medicine.medical_specialty, Cefotaxime, Spectinomycin, Adolescent, Erythromycin, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Dermatology, Drug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Gonorrhea, Antibiotic resistance, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Incidence, Middle Aged, Amoxicillin, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Ciprofloxacin, Infectious Diseases, Female, business, Fluoroquinolones, medicine.drug
Abstract: Quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (QRNG) rates are increasing worldwide.(i) To assess the rate of QRNG among patients referred to a venereology clinic in Paris between 2000 and 2004; and (ii) to assess associated epidemiological factors.Retrospective study of consecutive cases over 2000-2004. Indications and techniques of swabbing and culture were constant over 2000-2004. Susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae was tested to six antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, erythromycin, and spectinomycin. Epidemiological data and anatomical site of N. gonorrhoeae infection were collected.Annual numbers of cases decreased (P10(-4)) from 2000 (n = 41) to 2002 (n = 12), then increased (P10(-4)) in 2004 (n = 60). Anorectal gonorrhoea was more frequent in 2003-2004 (22.0%, n = 18/82) than in 2000-2002 (3.9%, n = 3/76). QRNG rates increased from the period 2000-2002 (1.3%) to 2003 (22.7%, P0.01), and 2004 (30.2%, P0.005). All QRNG strains had a minimal inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin1.0 mg/L, thus fitting the international definition of quinolone resistance. There were no significant changes in rates of N. gonorrhoeae resistance to the five other antibiotics. QRNG tended to be more frequent among men who have sex with men (MSM; 16.7% vs. 7.1%), HIV-infected patient (20.5% vs. 11.9%), and patients having more than five partners during the last year (24.4% vs. 17.1%), but statistical significance was not reached in multivariate analyses.We recommend (i) avoiding fluoroquinolones as first-line treatment for N. gonorrhoeae infections in Paris; (ii) that first-line treatment relies on third-generation cephalosporins or spectinomycin; and (iii) reinforcing targeted screening and prevention of gonorrhoea, especially among HIV-positive patients and MSM.
Published: 2007

39. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Helcococcus kunzii and molecular analysis of macrolide and tetracycline resistance

Author: Anne Vergne, Nicole Marty, A. Le Coustumier, Claire Poyart, Reto Lienhard, Claire Daurel, Christophe Isnard, Vincent Cattoir, and François Guérin
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Imipenem, Cefotaxime, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Firmicutes, Tigecycline, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, Microbiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Humans, Teicoplanin, Tetracycline Resistance, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Helcococcus kunzii, bacterial infections and mycoses, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Penicillin, Infectious Diseases, France, Macrolides, Switzerland, medicine.drug
Abstract: Thanks to the recent advent of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology, Helcococcus kunzii is now easily identifiable and considered as an opportunistic pathogen. However, data about antimicrobial susceptibilities remain very limited. The aim of the study was, then, to assess its in vitro susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents and to investigate the genetic basis of macrolide and tetracycline resistance. Thirty-nine human clinical isolates of H. kunzii collected from 2008 to 2013 were studied, as well as the type strain ATCC 51366(T). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, daptomycin, cotrimoxazole and rifampin were determined by the microdilution method. Screening for macrolide [erm(A) including erm(TR), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(T), erm(X), msr(A) and mef(A)] and tetracycline [tet(L), tet(M) and tet(O)] resistance genes was performed, as well as the detection of mutations in 23S rRNA. Except for one strain resistant to cefotaxime, all strains were categorised as susceptible to β-lactams, glycopeptides, linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline. Whereas ciprofloxacin and gentamicin exhibited limited activity, 95% of strains were categorised as susceptible to levofloxacin. Concerning erythromycin, a bimodal distribution was observed, with 29 'wild-type' strains (MICs from 0.25 to 2 mg/L) and 11 'resistant' strains (MICs ≥ 256 mg/L), including ten harbouring erm(TR). Two isolates exhibited acquired tetracycline resistance (MICs of 16 mg/L) by the production of tet(M). This large study on the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of H. kunzii suggests that β-lactams (especially penicillins) should be preferred for the treatment.
Published: 2015

40. Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Non-pregnant Adults, Réunion Island, 2011

Author: Patrice Poubeau, Patrick Gérardin, Aurélie Foucher, Jean-Christophe Maïza, Julien Jaubert, Guillaume Camuset, Olivier Fels, Claire Poyart, Gianandrea Borgherini, Cyril Ferdynus, Sandrine Picot, Univ, Réunion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CIC régional épidémiologie clinique/essais cliniques - Ile de la Réunion (CIC-EC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion ( CHU La Réunion ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), CIC régional épidémiologie clinique/essais cliniques - Ile de la Réunion ( CIC-EC ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical ( PIMIT ), and Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Male, Disease, Overweight, Group B, Diabetes mellitus, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Cumulative incidence, Prospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Diabetic Foot, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tropical area, Group B streptococcus, Adolescent, Invasive disease, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Streptococcus agalactiae, Young Adult, Internal medicine, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Aged, business.industry, Soft Tissue Infections, Skin Diseases, Bacterial, medicine.disease, Diabetic foot, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, Multilocus sequence typing, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Reunion
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: While the prevalence of Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization is important, little is known about invasive GBS (iGBS) disease in tropical areas. Our objective was to assess the burden of iGBS disease among non-pregnant adults.METHODS: A prospective hospital-based study of all non-pregnant adult patients with iGBS disease was conducted between January and December 2011 in Saint Pierre, Réunion Island, to assess its cumulative incidence rate (CIR). Capsular serotyping and multilocus sequence typing were performed to characterize GBS isolates. Case-control study was done to identify risk factors.RESULTS: The overall CIR of iGBS disease was 10.1 per 100,000. The CIR in elderly patients (≥ 65 yrs) was estimated at 40.6 per 100.000, and that of adults (15-64 years) at 6.7 per 100.000. Aboriginal origin in the Indian Ocean and overweight were both associated with iGBS disease. The most prominent clinical forms were osteo-articular and skin/soft tissue infections, as a consequence of diabetic foot. The serotypes were classic, type-Ia being the most prevalent. The hyper virulent ST-17 (CC17) was associated with type-III.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of iGBS disease found in Réunion island is twofold that usually reported. This burden is linked to overweight in aboriginal people from the Indian Ocean.
Published: 2015

41. Rapid detection of the 'highly virulent' group B streptococcus ST-17 clone

Author: Josette Raymond, Claire Poyart, Hélène Réglier-Poupet, Asmaa Tazi, Marie-Cécile Lamy, Annick Billoët, Elisabeth Couvé, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, François Guérin, Frank Kunst, Shaynoor Dramsi, Philippe Glaser, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Génomique des Microorganismes Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Adult, Serotype, Immunology, Clone (cell biology), Virulence, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Pregnancy, law, Streptococcal Infections, Genotype, medicine, Humans, Child, Polymerase chain reaction, DNA Primers, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Streptococcus, Infant, Newborn, Genetic Variation, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Genes, Bacterial, Child, Preschool, Multilocus sequence typing, Female
Abstract: International audience; Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that the sequence type ST-17 defines a "highly virulent" serotype III clone strongly associated with neonatal invasive infections. Our aim was to identify a target sequence enabling rapid, simple, and specific detection of this clone by a real-time PCR assay. Conventional methods for DNA manipulation and gene analyses were used to characterize the gbs2018 gene variant specific for ST-17 clone and to design ST-17- and GBS-specific primers. Conventional and real-time PCR assays were developed to detect GBS and ST-17 clones in bacterial cultures and directly on clinical samples. One hundred and fifty-six French GBS strains from various geographical areas in France isolated between 1990 and 2005 were screened by PCR with ST-17-specific primers. Forty strains were positive, and all were validated by MLST as ST-17. A representative sampling of 49 ST-17-PCR-negative strains was confirmed by MLST as non-ST-17. Real-time PCR was further used to directly test 85 vaginal samples. Among these, 13 were GBS-positive, and one was identified as ST-17. The association between strain invasiveness and ST-17 lineage in neonates with late onset disease was highly significant: 78% (P
Published: 2006

42. Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates Harboring Small erm(T)-Carrying Plasmids

Author: Nicolas Dmytruk, Fabrice Compain, Gérald Touak, Constantin Hays, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, Caroline Joubrel, Claire Poyart, Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), DHU Risques Et Grossesse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Serotype, Bacterial capsule, Erythromycin, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, Enterococcus faecalis, Group B, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, Bacterial Proteins, Mechanisms of Resistance, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Serotyping, Bacterial Capsules, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, Streptococcus, business.industry, Methyltransferases, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business, medicine.drug, Plasmids
Abstract: Among 1,827 group B Streptococcus (GBS) strains collected between 2006 and 2013 by the French National Reference Center for Streptococci, 490 (26.8%) strains were erythromycin resistant. The erm (T) resistance gene was found in six strains belonging to capsular polysaccharides Ia, III, and V and was carried by the same mobilizable plasmid, which could be efficiently transferred by mobilization to GBS and Enterococcus faecalis recipients, thus promoting a broad dissemination of erm (T).
Published: 2014

43. Two Cases of Fatal Shock after Transfusion of Platelets Contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus: Role of Superantigenic Toxins

Author: Bertille de Barbeyrac, Thomas Perpoint, Claire Poyart, Jerome Etienne, Michel Jeanne, Gerard Lina, François Vandenesch, and Richard Traineau
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, Platelet Transfusion, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Enterotoxins, Fatal Outcome, Antigen, Humans, Medicine, Platelet, Aged, Antigens, Bacterial, business.industry, Septic shock, Toxic shock syndrome, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Shock, Septic, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Infectious Diseases, Platelet transfusion, Shock (circulatory), Immunology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: We detected Staphylococcus aureus superantigenic toxins in the platelet infusion bags that had been used for 2 patients who subsequently developed transfusion-associated Staphylococcus aureus infection. Both patients, who were immunodeficient, developed manifestations of toxic shock syndrome and septic shock, and they died soon after the onset of infection.
Published: 2004

44. Contribution of Mn-Cofactored Superoxide Dismutase (SodA) to the Virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae

Author: Claire Boumaila, Olivier Gaillot, Marina Baptista, Claire Poyart, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, and Elisabeth Pellegrini
Subjects: Intracellular Fluid, Immunology, Mutant, Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique), Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, Superoxide dismutase, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bacterial Proteins, Paraquat, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Manganese, Mice, Inbred ICR, biology, Superoxide Dismutase, Superoxide, Macrophages, food and beverages, Molecular Pathogenesis, Disease Models, Animal, Oxidative Stress, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Mutagenesis, Catalase, biology.protein, bacteria, Female, Parasitology
Abstract: Superoxide dismutases convert superoxide anions to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which, in turn, is metabolized by catalases and/or peroxidases. These enzymes constitute one of the major defense mechanisms of cells against oxidative stress and hence play a role in the pathogenesis of certain bacteria. We previously demonstrated that group B streptococci (GBS) possess a single Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase (SodA). To analyze the role of this enzyme in the pathogenicity of GBS, we constructed a sodA -disrupted mutant of Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316 by allelic exchange. This mutant was subsequently cis complemented by integration into the chromosome of pAT113/Sp harboring the wild-type sodA gene. The SOD specific activity detected by gel analysis in cell extracts confirmed that active SODs were present in the parental and complemented strains but absent in the sodA mutant. The growth rates of these strains in standing cultures were comparable, but the sodA mutant was extremely susceptible to the oxidative stress generated by addition of paraquat or hydrogen peroxide to the culture medium and exhibited a higher mutation frequency in the presence of rifampin. In mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, the sodA mutant showed an increased susceptibility to bacterial killing by macrophages. In a mouse infection model, after intravenous injection the survival of the sodA mutant in the blood and the brain was markedly reduced in comparison to that of the parental and complemented strains whereas only minor effects on survival in the liver and the spleen were observed. These results suggest that SodA plays a role in GBS pathogenesis.
Published: 2001

45. Characterization of the Tn 916 -like Transposon Tn 3872 in a Strain of Abiotrophia defectiva ( Streptococcus defectivus ) Causing Sequential Episodes of Endocarditis in a Child

Author: Patrick Berche, Claire Poyart, Philippe Acar, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, and Gilles Quesne
Subjects: Pharmacology, Transposable element, Abiotrophia defectiva, Streptococcus, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antibiotic resistance, medicine, Endocarditis, Pharmacology (medical), medicine.drug, Antibacterial agent
Abstract: Clinical blood isolates from three sequential episodes of endocarditis occurring over a 6-month period in a child with a malformative cardiopathy were investigated. All isolates identified as Abiotrophia defectiva were resistant to erythromycin-clindamycin and to tetracycline-minocycline, due to the presence of sequences homologous to the erythromycin resistance gene ermB and to the tetracycline resistance gene tet (M), respectively. These resistance genes were located on a chromosomally borne composite Tn 916 -related transposon. These results demonstrate the involvement of conjugative transposons in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the genus Abiotrophia .
Published: 2000

46. LATE-ONSET NEONATAL INFECTIONS CAUSED BY GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL INFECTION

Author: Jean Baptiste Armengaud, Dominique Gendrel, Claire Poyart, Florence Moulin, Adelaïde Tchetchoua, Cécile Lambe, Josette Raymond, and Pierre Lebon
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), Late onset, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, Streptococcus agalactiae, Sepsis, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Meningitis, business.industry, Streptococcus, Viral culture, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, Rash, Pharyngitis, Infectious Diseases, Virus Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, Female, Viral disease, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: An association between viral infection and late-onset disease caused by group B Streptococcus (GBS), was systematically looked for in neonates hospitalized for fever during a 3 1/2 year period. Five neonates between 5 to 12.5 months of age presented with meningitis (2 cases) or with septicemia (3 cases) caused by GBS. Viral culture, immunofluorescence, and assay of IFNalpha in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were performed. A viral infection was proved in 4 cases and suspected in 1 case (rash and pharyngitis). We speculate that viral infection may provoke late-onset disease in colonized infants with GBS.
Published: 2007

47. Panresistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase SHV-5-producing Acinetobacter baumannii from New York City

Author: Claire Poyart, Patrice Nordmann, Fatemeh Namdari, Thierry Naas, and Hélène Réglier-Poupet
Subjects: Pharmacology, Microbiology (medical), biology, Sequence analysis, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Acinetobacter, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Acinetobacter baumannii, Multiple drug resistance, Bacterial 16S, Infectious Diseases, Molecular microbiology, bacteria, Pharmacology (medical), Carbapenem resistance
Abstract: 1. Koh TH, Sng LH, Wang GC et al. IMP-4 and OXA b-lactamases in Acinetobacter baumannii from Singapore. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59: 627–32. 2. Turton JF, Woodford N, Glover J et al. Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii by detection of the blaOXA-51-like carbapenemase gene intrinsic to this species. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 2974–6. 3. Woodford N, Ellington MJ, Coelho JM et al. Multiplex PCR for genes encoding prevalent OXA carbapenemases in Acinetobacter spp. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 27: 351–3. 4. Relman DA. Universal bacterial 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. In: Persing DH, Smith TF, Tenover FC et al., eds. Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology: Principles and Applications. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1993; 489–95. 5. Chang HC, Wei YF, Dijkshoorn L et al. Species-level identification of isolates of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex by sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 1632–9. 6. Chu YW, Chau SL, Houang ET. Presence of active efflux systems AdeABC, AdeDE and AdeXYZ in different Acinetobacter genomic DNA groups. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55: 477–8.
Published: 2007

48. Ertapenem Resistance of Escherichia coli

Author: Marie-Frédérique Lartigue, Hélène Réglier-Poupet, Laurent Poirel, Patrice Nordmann, and Claire Poyart
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Ertapenem, Imipenem, Antifungal Agents, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination, Drug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, beta-Lactams, outer membrane protein, Microbiology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immunocompromised Host, Vancomycin, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, polycyclic compounds, Escherichia coli, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, CTX-M, Fluconazole, Escherichia coli Infections, Cilastatin, Chemistry, lcsh:R, Dispatch, Middle Aged, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, Anti-Bacterial Agents, body regions, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Ertapenem resistance, Gentamicin, Female, Gentamicins, Bacterial outer membrane, medicine.drug
Abstract: An ertapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolate was recovered from peritoneal fluid in a patient who had been treated with imipenem/cilastatin for 10 days. Ertapenem resistance may be explained by a defect in the outer membrane protein and production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-2.
Published: 2007

49. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in the genus Streptococcus: characterization of a vanB transferable determinant in Streptococcus bovis

Author: Gilles Quesne, Patrick Berche, Claire Poyart, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, B Pron, and C Pierre
Subjects: Enterococcus faecium, Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Transfection, Enterococcus faecalis, Microbiology, Bacterial Proteins, Vancomycin, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Child, Southern blot, Antibacterial agent, Pharmacology, Teicoplanin, Hybridization probe, Drug Resistance, Microbial, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Streptococcus bovis, biology.organism_classification, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Anti-Bacterial Agents, carbohydrates (lipids), Infectious Diseases, Genes, Bacterial, Female, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract: Streptococcus bovis NEM760 was isolated from a stool swab collected on admission from a patient as surveillance for vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Strain NEM760 was identified as S. bovis by conventional biochemical methods and partial sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA. This strain was resistant to a low level of vancomycin (MIC, 64 micrograms/ml) but was susceptible to teicoplanin (MIC, 1 micrograms/ml), and vancomycin induced resistance to both glycopeptides. The presence of a vanB-related gene in NEM760 was demonstrated in a PCR assay which enabled specific amplification of a 635-hp internal segment of vanB. Sequence analysis of the corresponding PCR product revealed that it was highly homologous (96% identity) to the prototype vanB sequence of Enterococcus faecalis V583. The VanB resistance of determinant of S. bovis NEM760 was transferred by conjugation to E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium at a similar frequency of 2 x 10(-5) per donor. SmaI-digested genomic DNAs of independently obtained transconjugants of E. faecalis and E. faecium were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization with a vanB DNA probe. The electrophoretic and hybridization patterns obtained with all transconjugants of the same species were indistinguishable and revealed vanB-containing chromosomal insertions of approximately 100 kb. These results suggest that the genes mediating VanB-type resistance in S. bovis NEM760 are part of large transferable genetic elements. The results presented in the report demonstrate for the first time the role of streptococci in the dissemination of vancomycin resistance among gram-positive bacteria.
Published: 1997

50. The Abi-domain protein Abx1 interacts with the CovS histidine kinase to control virulence gene expression in group B Streptococcus

Author: Sophie Brinster, Claire Poyart, Arnaud Firon, Asmaa Tazi, Shaynoor Dramsi, Patrick Trieu-Cuot, Philippe Glaser, Elisabeth Sauvage, Douglas T. Golenbock, Violette Da Cunha, Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique des génomes - Genetics of Genomes (UMR 3525), Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] (UMASS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Health (NIH R01 AI052455-06A1 to DTG and PTC), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-BLAN-1321 FattyBact to CP and PTC, and Grant ANR-08-StrepRespire to CP), and by financial supports from the Pasteur Institute (to PTC), CNRS (to CP, PG, and PTC), INSERM and Université Paris Descartes (to CP). SB was the recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Region Ile-de-France (DIM MalInf)., ANR-10-BLAN-1321,FattyBact,Impact des acides gras de l'hôte sur l'adaptation des pathogènes à Gram positif à bas pourcentage GC(2010), ANR-06-MIME-0035,StreRespire,Métabolisme respiratoire et capture de l'hème chez le streptocoque du groupe B: impact sur le commensalisme et la virulence.(2006), Lassailly-Bondaz, Anne, BLANC - Impact des acides gras de l'hôte sur l'adaptation des pathogènes à Gram positif à bas pourcentage GC - - FattyBact2010 - ANR-10-BLAN-1321 - BLANC - VALID, Programme Microbiologie, Immunologie et Maladies Emergentes - Métabolisme respiratoire et capture de l'hème chez le streptocoque du groupe B: impact sur le commensalisme et la virulence. - - StreRespire2006 - ANR-06-MIME-0035 - MIME - VALID, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique des génomes, ANR-10-BLAN-1321, FattyBact, Impact des acides gras de l'hôte sur l'adaptation des pathogènes à Gram positif à bas pourcentage GC(2010), and ANR-06-MIME-0035, StrepRespire, Métabolisme respiratoire et capture de l'hème chez le streptocoque du groupe B: impact sur le commensalisme et la virulence.(2006)
Subjects: Histidine Kinase, Operon, Gene Identification and Analysis, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, Biochemistry, MESH: Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Streptococcal Infections, Protein Interaction Mapping, Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, MESH: Epistasis, Genetic, MESH: Animals, Biology (General), MESH: Bacterial Proteins, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Streptococci, Genomics, MESH: Hemolysis, Functional Genomics, Bacterial Pathogens, 3. Good health, Medicine, Infectious diseases, Group B streptococcal infection, Virulence Factors, QH301-705.5, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, MESH: Sequence Alignment, Virulence, Microbiology, MESH: Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Molecular Genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, Bacterial Proteins, Genetics, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Biology, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, MESH: Protein Kinases, MESH: Virulence Factors, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Protein Interaction Mapping, Proteins, Epistasis, Genetic, Pigments, Biological, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Regulatory Proteins, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Transmembrane Proteins, Mutation, Parasitology, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Protein Kinases, MESH: Female, MESH: Signal Transduction, Genetic Screens, MESH: Virulence, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Female, Signal transduction, Research Article, Signal Transduction, MESH: Pigments, Biological, MESH: Mutation, Protein family, MESH: Rats, Bacterial diseases, Protein domain, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Hemolysis, Models, Biological, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcal Infections, Virology, MESH: Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, Animals, Gene Regulation, Gene Networks, Protein Interactions, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Gene Expression Profiling, Histidine kinase, MESH: Models, Biological, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, RC581-607, Rats, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Function, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Genome Expression Analysis, Sequence Alignment
Abstract: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a common commensal of the female genital tract, is the leading cause of invasive infections in neonates. Expression of major GBS virulence factors, such as the hemolysin operon cyl, is regulated directly at the transcriptional level by the CovSR two-component system. Using a random genetic approach, we identified a multi-spanning transmembrane protein, Abx1, essential for the production of the GBS hemolysin. Despite its similarity to eukaryotic CaaX proteases, the Abx1 function is not involved in a post-translational modification of the GBS hemolysin. Instead, we demonstrate that Abx1 regulates transcription of several virulence genes, including those comprising the hemolysin operon, by a CovSR-dependent mechanism. By combining genetic analyses, transcriptome profiling, and site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that Abx1 is a regulator of the histidine kinase CovS. Overexpression of Abx1 is sufficient to activate virulence gene expression through CovS, overcoming the need for an additional signal. Conversely, the absence of Abx1 has the opposite effect on virulence gene expression consistent with CovS locked in a kinase-competent state. Using a bacterial two-hybrid system, direct interaction between Abx1 and CovS was mapped specifically to CovS domains involved in signal processing. We demonstrate that the CovSR two-component system is the core of a signaling pathway integrating the regulation of CovS by Abx1 in addition to the regulation of CovR by the serine/threonine kinase Stk1. In conclusion, our study reports a regulatory function for Abx1, a member of a large protein family with a characteristic Abi-domain, which forms a signaling complex with the histidine kinase CovS in GBS., Author Summary The gram-positive Streptococcus genus includes three major human pathogens that are members of the normal microflora: Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as the pneumococcus), Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus), and Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus). Their carriage in the population is highly dynamic and mostly asymptomatic. However, each of these species can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, from local infections to systemic and fatal infections including septicemia and meningitis. Expression of streptococcal virulence-associated genes is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. However, the signal(s) and the precise molecular events controlling the switch from commensalism to virulence are not yet understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a bacterial protein essential for virulence gene expression in Group B Streptococcus, the main pathogen of neonates. We show that this transmembrane protein, named Abx1, interacts with the histidine kinase CovS to modulate the activity of the major regulator of virulence CovR. We define how a core set of four proteins, Abx1, CovS, CovR, and the serine/threonine kinase Stk1, interact to control the expression of virulence genes in S. agalactiae. We propose that Abx1-like proteins, that are widespread in bacteria, might be part of a conserved mechanism of two-component system regulation.
Published: 2013

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