Author: "Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])" / Topic: humans - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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383 results on '"Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])"'

1. HbF-promoting polymorphisms may specifically reduce the residual risk of cerebral vasculopathy in SCA children with alpha-thalassemia

Author: Philippe Connes, Céline Renoux, Abdourahim Chamouine, Yves Bertrand, Françoise Bernaudin, Nathalie Bonello-Palot, Catherine Badens, Philippe Joly, Serge Pissard, Gall, Valérie, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Référence des Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Thalassémies et Autres pathologies rares du globule rouge et de l’Erythropoïèse, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Institut d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique [CHU - HCL] (IHOPe), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Physiology, Anemia, Sickle Cell, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Alpha-thalassemia, Disease, Quantitative trait locus, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, alpha-Thalassemia, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Physiology (medical), Genotype, medicine, Humans, Child, Fetal Hemoglobin, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, Hematology, medicine.disease, Sickle cell anemia, Residual risk, Red blood cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a disease characterized by abnormal red blood cell rheology. Because of their effects on HbS polymerization and red blood cell deformability, alpha-thalassemia and the residual HbF level are known genetic modifiers of the disease. The aim of our study was to determine if the number of HbF quantitative trait loci (QTL) would also favor a specific sub-phenotype of SCA as it is the case for alpha-thalassemia. Our results confirmed that alpha-thalassemia protected from cerebral vasculopathy but increased the risk for frequent painful vaso-occlusive crises. We also showed that more HbF-QTL may provide an additional and specific protection against cerebral vasculopathy but only for children with alpha-thalassemia (-α/αα or -α/-α genotypes).
Published: 2021

2. Two new reliable immunohistochemical methods for simultaneous identification of capillaries, the three types of fibers and basal lamina in human skeletal muscle

Author: Julien Verney, Bruno Pereira, Mélina Bailly, Amandine Boileau, Bogdan Galusca, David Thivel, Natacha Germain, Daniel Courteix, Christophe Hourdé, Léonard Féasson, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Unité de Biostatistiques [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Addictions et Poids Extêmes (TAPE - TCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), TAPE laboratory [Saint-Étienne], and Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Histology, Capillary action, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Antigens, CD34, Basement Membrane, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, Capillary supply, Fiber, Muscle fibre, Molecular Biology, Combined staining method, Reproducibility, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Chemistry, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Skeletal muscle, Cell Biology, Immunohistochemistry, Muscle fiber type, Capillaries, Medical Laboratory Technology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, CD31, Basal lamina, Metabolic profile, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; Capillary network of skeletal muscle has a crucial role in oxygen supply and is strongly associated with the phenotype and metabolic profile of muscle fibers. Abundant literature has explored capillarization of skeletal muscle in different populations and in response to different interventions. Capillary and fiber type identification techniques have considerably evolved over the last decades, but to the best of our knowledge, no validated immunohistochemical method has yet been developed to simultaneously identify capillaries (using CD31), the three different muscle fiber types, and basal lamina. Nine human muscle biopsies of vastus lateralis were stained using 5 different methods to test: the reliability of different CD31 antibodies for capillary identification, the reliability between single-section or serial-section methods, and the intra-experimenter reproducibility in visual detection of capillaries. High reliability for the different antibodies directed against capillaries was observed for capillary contacts (CC) measurements (intra-class correlations (ICC) [ICC95%] of 0.89 [0.72; 0.96] for type I fibers, 0.93 [0.81; 0.97] for type IIA fibers, 0.88 [0.71; 0.96] for type IIX fibers, 0.95 [0.86; 0.98] for all fiber types) as well as a high level of similarity between single and serial sections methods. A strong similarity in capillary analysis between the different methods was obtained for each sample measurements. Analysis of Lin's concordance correlation coefficients and Bland and Altman's graphics showed a strong intra-experimenter reproducibility. This article proposes two time- and tissue-sparing immunohistochemical methods to accurately assess a complete fiber typing (type I, IIA, and IIX) along with muscle capillarization on a single muscle section.
Published: 2020

3. Skeletal Ryanodine Receptors Are Involved in Impaired Myogenic Differentiation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients

Author: Jean-Marie Cuisset, Jérôme Cottalorda, Stefan Matecki, Gérald Hugon, Alain Lacampagne, Pierre Meyer, Cécile Notarnicola, Hugues Chevassus, Albano C. Meli, Pascal Sabouraud, François Rivier, Léonard Féasson, Mirna Khalil, Gilles Carnac, Jérémy Salvador, Claude Cances, Isabelle Desguerre, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité (UPC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Herrada, Anthony, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Male, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Muscle Development, Calcium in biology, Dystrophin, Myoblasts, 0302 clinical medicine, Myocyte, Biology (General), Child, Spectroscopy, Cells, Cultured, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Ryanodine receptor, Myogenesis, Cell Differentiation, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, myogenesis, tissues, Intracellular, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, QH301-705.5, Catalysis, Article, Inorganic Chemistry, Tacrolimus Binding Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, ryanodine receptor, endomysial fibrosis, human, Internal medicine, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], medicine, Humans, Calcium Signaling, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, QD1-999, 030304 developmental biology, RYR1, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Skeletal muscle, Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel, medicine.disease, Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne, Endocrinology, Calcium, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle wasting following repeated muscle damage and inadequate regeneration. Impaired myogenesis and differentiation play a major role in DMD as well as intracellular calcium (Ca2+) mishandling. Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is mostly mediated by the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1) that is required for skeletal muscle differentiation in animals. The study objective was to determine whether altered RYR1-mediated Ca2+ release contributes to myogenic differentiation impairment in DMD patients. The comparison of primary cultured myoblasts from six boys with DMD and five healthy controls highlighted delayed myoblast differentiation in DMD. Silencing RYR1 expression using specific si-RNA in a healthy control induced a similar delayed differentiation. In DMD myotubes, resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration was increased, but RYR1-mediated Ca2+ release was not changed compared with control myotubes. Incubation with the RYR-calstabin interaction stabilizer S107 decreased resting Ca2+ concentration in DMD myotubes to control values and improved calstabin1 binding to the RYR1 complex. S107 also improved myogenic differentiation in DMD. Furthermore, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was correlated with endomysial fibrosis, which is the only myopathologic parameter associated with poor motor outcome in patients with DMD. This suggested a potential relationship between RYR1 dysfunction and motor impairment. Our study highlights RYR1-mediated Ca2+ leakage in human DMD myotubes and its key role in myogenic differentiation impairment. RYR1 stabilization may be an interesting adjunctive therapeutic strategy in DMD.
Published: 2021

4. Effects of prismatic adaptation on balance and postural disorders in patients with chronic right stroke: protocol for a multicentre double-blind randomised sham-controlled trial

Author: Hugues, Aurélien, Guinet-Lacoste, Amandine, Bin, Sylvie, Villeneuve, Laurent, Lunven, Marine, Pérennou, Dominic, Giraux, Pascal, Foncelle, Alexandre, Rossetti, Yves, Jacquin-Courtois, Sophie, Luauté, Jacques, Rode, Gilles, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Henry Gabrielle [CHU - HCL], Université de Lyon, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Malbec, Odile
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Stroke Rehabilitation, rehabilitation medicine, adult neurology, Adaptation, Physiological, stroke, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Double-Blind Method, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Medicine, Postural Balance, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: Patients with right stroke lesion have postural and balance disorders, including weight-bearing asymmetry, more pronounced than patients with left stroke lesion. Spatial cognition disorders post-stroke, such as misperceptions of subjective straight-ahead and subjective longitudinal body axis, are suspected to be involved in these postural and balance disorders. Prismatic adaptation has showed beneficial effects to reduce visuomotor disorders but also an expansion of effects on cognitive functions, including spatial cognition. Preliminary studies with a low level of evidence have suggested positive effects of prismatic adaptation on weight-bearing asymmetry and balance after stroke. The objective is to investigate the effects of this intervention on balance but also on postural disorders, subjective straight-ahead, longitudinal body axis and autonomy in patients with chronic right stroke lesion.Methods and analysis: In this multicentre randomised double-blind sham-controlled trial, we will include 28 patients aged from 18 to 80 years, with a first right supratentorial stroke lesion at chronic stage (≥12 months) and having a bearing ≥60% of body weight on the right lower limb. Participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group (performing pointing tasks while wearing glasses shifting optical axis of 10 degrees towards the right side) or to the control group (performing the same procedure while wearing neutral glasses without optical deviation). All participants will receive a 20 min daily session for 2 weeks in addition to conventional rehabilitation. The primary outcome will be the balance measured using the Berg Balance Scale. Secondary outcomes will include weight-bearing asymmetry and parameters of body sway during static posturographic assessments, as well as lateropulsion (measured using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing), subjective straight-ahead, longitudinal body axis and autonomy (measured using the Barthel Index).Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the ethical review board in France. Findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals relative to rehabilitation or stroke.Trial registration number: NCT03154138.
Published: 2021

5. Effect of race distance on performance fatigability in male trail and ultra‐trail runners

Author: Benjamin Singh, Thomas Lapole, Thibault Besson, Nicolas Royer, John Temesi, Vincent Martin, Diana Rimaud, Callum G. Brownstein, Léonard Féasson, Audrey Parent, Loïc Espeit, Guillaume Y. Millet, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares, Unité de Myologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Temesi, John, Besson, Thibault, Parent, Audrey, Singh, Benjamin, Martin, Vincent, Brownstein, Callum G, Espeit, Loïc, Royer, Nicolas, Rimaud, Diana, Lapole, Thomas, Féasson, Léonard, and Millet, Guillaume Y
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Nerve stimulation, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Athletic Performance, Plantar flexion, Running, Leukocyte Count, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Voluntary contraction, Internal medicine, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Creatine Kinase, Exercise duration, knee extensors, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Knee extensors, Electromyography, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, C600, Electric Stimulation, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, C-Reactive Protein, Torque, Muscle Fatigue, plantar flexors, Physical Endurance, Cardiology, Silent period, fatigue, Tibial Nerve, business, Femoral Nerve, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: The etiology of changes in lower-limb neuromuscular function, especially to the central nervous system, may be affected by exercise duration. Direct evidence is lacking as few studies have directly compared different race distances. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of deficits in neuromuscular function following short versus long trail-running races. Thirty-two male trail runners completed one of five trail-running races as LONG (>100 km) or SHORT (
Published: 2021

6. Sex Differences in Neuromuscular Fatigue and Changes in Cost of Running after Mountain Trail Races of Various Distances

Author: Audrey Parent, Guillaume Y. Millet, Vincent Martin, Callum G. Brownstein, Thomas Lapole, Benjamin Singh, Giorgio Varesco, Thibault Besson, Loïc Espeit, John Temesi, Diana Rimaud, Frederic Sabater Pastor, Nicolas Royer, Jérémy Rossi, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Besson, Thibault, Parent, Audrey, Brownstein, Callum G, Espeit, Loic, Lapole, Thomas, Martin, Vincent, Royer, Nicolas, Rimaud, Diana, Sabater Pastor, Frederic, Singh, Benjamin, Varesco, Giorgio, Rossi, Jeremy, Temesi, John, and Millet, Guillaume Y
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Competitive Behavior, males, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Marathon Running, Plantar flexion, trail running, Oxygen Consumption, Internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Knee, Treadmill, Respiratory exchange ratio, Creatine Kinase, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sex Characteristics, Knee extensors, business.industry, Electromyography, Foot, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, C100, females, Evoked Potentials, Motor, C600, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electric Stimulation, energy cost, Peripheral, C-Reactive Protein, Neuromuscular fatigue, Torque, Muscle Fatigue, Breathing, Cardiology, Running economy, Physical Endurance, fatigability, Female, business, Energy Metabolism
Abstract: Introduction: Women have been shown to experience less neuromuscular fatigue than men in knee extensors (KE) and less peripheral fatigue in plantar flexors (PF) after ultratrail running, but it is unknown if these differences exist for shorter trail running races and whether this may impact running economy. The purpose of this study was to characterize sex differences in fatigability over a range of running distances and to examine possible differences in the postrace alteration of the cost of running (Cr). Methods: Eighteen pairs of men and women were matched by performance after completing different races ranging from 40 to 171 km, divided into SHORT versus LONG races (100 km, respectively). Neuromuscular function and Cr were tested before and after each race. Neuromuscular function was evaluated on both KE and PF with voluntary and evoked contractions using electrical nerve (KE and PF) and transcranial magnetic (KE) stimulation. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and ventilation were measured on a treadmill and used to calculate Cr. Results: Compared with men, women displayed a smaller decrease in maximal strength in KE (−36% vs −27%, respectively, P < 0.01), independent of race distance. In SHORT only, women displayed less peripheral fatigue in PF compared with men (Δ peak twitch: −10% vs −24%, respectively, P < 0.05). Cr increased similarly in men and women. Conclusions: Women experience less neuromuscular fatigue than men after both “classic” and “extreme” prolonged running exercises but this does not impact the degradation of the energy Cr. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
Published: 2021

7. Muscle Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Healthy Aging and Metabolic Syndrome in Men

Author: Gueugneau, Marine, Coudy-Gandilhon, Cécile, Chambon, Christophe, Verney, Julien, Taillandier, Daniel, Combaret, Lydie, Polge, Cécile, Walrand, Stéphane, Roche, Frédéric, Barthélémy, Jean-Claude, Féasson, Léonard, Béchet, Daniel, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Hôpital Nord - Faculté de MédecineJacques Lisfranc, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), INSERM U1059, SAINBIOSE - Santé, Ingénierie, Biologie, Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE-ENSMSE), Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de physiologie clinique, unité de myologie, CHU Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), European Commission MyoAge EC Fp7 CT-223756Caisse d'Epargne Rhone Alpes (CERA Sarcopenie) 30European CommissionRegion Auvergne-Rhone-AlpesEuropean Commission, ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice [CHU de Saint-Etienne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Santé Ingénierie Biologie Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Proteomics, QH301-705.5, proteome, aging, Article, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, Chemistry, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Biology (General), skeletal muscle, Muscle, Skeletal, Glycolysis, QD1-999, transcriptome
Abstract: International audience; (1) Background: Aging is associated with a progressive decline in muscle mass and function. Aging is also a primary risk factor for metabolic syndrome, which further alters muscle metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. Herein we performed omic profiling to decipher in muscle which dominating processes are associated with healthy aging and metabolic syndrome in old men. (2) Methods: This study included 15 healthy young, 15 healthy old, and 9 old men with metabolic syndrome. Old men were selected from a well-characterized cohort, and each vastus lateralis biopsy was used to combine global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. (3) Results: Over-representation analysis of differentially expressed genes (ORA) and functional class scoring of pathways (FCS) indicated that healthy aging was mainly associated with upregulations of apoptosis and immune function and downregulations of glycolysis and protein catabolism. ORA and FCS indicated that with metabolic syndrome the dominating biological processes were upregulation of proteolysis and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Proteomic profiling matched 586 muscle proteins between individuals. The proteome of healthy aging revealed modifications consistent with a fast-to-slow transition and downregulation of glycolysis. These transitions were reduced with metabolic syndrome, which was more associated with alterations in NADH/NAD+ shuttle and β-oxidation. Proteomic profiling further showed that all old muscles overexpressed protein chaperones to preserve proteostasis and myofiber integrity. There was also evidence of aging-related increases in reactive oxygen species but better detoxifications of cytotoxic aldehydes and membrane protection in healthy than in metabolic syndrome muscles. (4) Conclusions: Most candidate proteins and mRNAs identified herein constitute putative muscle biomarkers of healthy aging and metabolic syndrome in old men.
Published: 2021

8. Effects of an Exercise and Nutritional Intervention on Circulating Biomarkers and Metabolomic Profiling During Adjuvant Treatment for Localized Breast Cancer: Results From the PASAPAS Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Vincent Pialoux, Olivier Tredan, Béatrice Fervers, Lidia Delrieu, Adrien Rossary, Florence Caldefie-Chezet, Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann, Agnès Martin, Elodie Jobard, Olivia Febvey-Combes, Marina Touillaud, Magali Morelle, Houda Boumaza, Sophie E. Berthouze, Aude-Marie Foucaut, Marie-Paule Vasson, Patrick Bachmann, ISA NMR Methods for Metabolism - Methodes RMN en métabolomique (2014-2018), Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de Santé (LEPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Département cancer environnement (Centre Léon Bérard - Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement [Lyon] (Inserm UA8), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Elena-Herrmann, Bénédicte, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Ad Hoc INSERM 000008 'Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement' [Lyon] (Inserm U1296), and Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical exercise, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, chemotherapy, lcsh:RC254-282, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, breast cancer, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Medicine, Aerobic exercise, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Adiponectin, exercise, business.industry, Leptin, biomarkers, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.disease, metabolomics, Physical activity level, 3. Good health, Exercise Therapy, Complementary and alternative medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Exercise and Cancer Treatment, Ceiling effect, Feasibility Studies, Female, business, Research Article
Abstract: Purpose: Exercise has been shown to improve physical and psychological conditions during cancer therapy, but mechanisms remain poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of cancer-related biomarkers and metabolomics outcomes from the PASAPAS feasibility study. Methods: In the PASAPAS randomized controlled trial, 61 women beginning adjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast cancer were randomized in a 6-month program of weekly aerobic exercises associated with nutritional counseling versus usual care with nutritional counseling. In the present analysis of 58 women for whom blood samples were available, first, circulating levels of biomarkers (ie, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, estradiol, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α) were measured at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Changes in biomarkers were compared between exercisers (n = 40) and controls (n = 18) using mixed-effect models. Second, serum metabolites were studied using an untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and orthogonal partial least squares analyses were performed to discriminate exercisers and controls at baseline and at 6 months. Results: Over the 6-month intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between exercisers and controls regarding changes in biomarkers and metabolomic profiles. Conclusion: The present analysis of the PASAPAS feasibility trial did not reveal any improvement in circulating biomarkers nor identified metabolic signatures in exercisers versus controls during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Larger studies preferably in women with poor physical activity level to avoid ceiling effect, testing different doses and types of exercise on additional biological pathways, could allow to clarify the mechanisms mediating beneficial effects of physical exercise during cancer treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01331772. Registered 8 April 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01331772?term=pasapas&rank=1
Published: 2021

9. Goal-Oriented Monitoring of Cyclosporine Is Effective for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prevention after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia Major

Author: Kamila Kebaili, Nathalie Garnier, Marie-Pierre Goutagny, Yves Bertrand, Philippe Joly, Cecile Renard, Isabelle Mollet, Alexandra Gauthier, Nathalie Bleyzac, Sylvain Goutelle, Institut d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique [CHU - HCL] (IHOPe), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Evaluation et modélisation des effets thérapeutiques, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Transplantation Conditioning, medicine.medical_treatment, Thalassemia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, Graft vs Host Disease, Disease, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, immune system diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, Child, Transplantation, business.industry, beta-Thalassemia, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematopoietic stem cell, Immunosuppression, Bayes Theorem, Hematology, medicine.disease, Sickle cell anemia, 3. Good health, surgical procedures, operative, medicine.anatomical_structure, Graft-versus-host disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cyclosporine, business, Goals, Immunosuppressive Agents, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an important challenge and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Herein we report our institution's experience of goal-oriented Bayesian monitoring for cyclosporine (CsA) used alone as GVHD prophylaxis during the post-transplant period in pediatric patients with thalassemia major (TM) or sickle cell anemia (SCA) undergoing HLA-matched HSCT. We also studied evolution of chimerism. Twenty-six consecutive patients (SCA, 14; TM, 12) underwent matched sibling donor (MSD) HSCT from 2004 to 2014. All patients received a myeloablative conditioning regimen. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of 20 mg/kg antithymocyte globulin in the conditioning regimens and then CsA alone in the post-transplant period. Target CsA trough blood concentration (TBC) was 150 ± 20 ng/mL. At last follow-up, all patients were alive and free of disease, even in cases of mixed chimerism. Engraftment occurred in all patients. No patient developed grades II to IV acute GVHD, 4 patients developed acute grade I skin GVHD, and only 1 presented with chronic pulmonary GVHD. A better control of GVHD and immunosuppression by a strict monitoring of CsA TBC as described herein is promising and could play a crucial role. Further investigations are required, but this study opens new perspectives to improve survival and safety of HSCT from alternative donors in TM and SCA to levels compatible with that obtained with MSDs.
Published: 2020

10. Hemostasis in highlanders with excessive erythrocytosis at 5100 m: Preliminary data from the highest city of the world

Author: Philippe Connes, Julien V. Brugniaux, Benoit Champigneulle, Stéphane Doutreleau, Samuel Verges, Ivan Hancco, Aurélien Pichon, Emeric Stauffer, Yann Savina, Paul Robach, Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire 'Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice' (MOVE) (MOVE), Université de Poitiers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Laboratoire 'Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice' (MOVE), Ecole Nationale des Sports de Montagne (ENSM), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Polycythemia, Altitude Sickness, Hypoxic exposure, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Peru, medicine, Humans, education, High-altitude, Blood Coagulation, Hemostasis, education.field_of_study, Coagulation, Excessive erythrocytosis, business.industry, Altitude, General Neuroscience, Middle Aged, Effects of high altitude on humans, medicine.disease, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chronic mountain sickness, 030228 respiratory system, Cardiology, Hemoglobin, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Highlanders
Abstract: International audience; Little is known about hemostasis modifications induced by chronic hypoxic exposure in high-altitude residents, especially in those who develop excessive erythrocytosis (EE, i.e. hemoglobin concentration ≥ 21 g·dL-1 in male and ≥ 19 g·dL-1 in female). The aim of this preliminary study was to assess coagulation alterations in highlanders with or without EE using simple hemostatic tests such as bleeding (BT) and clotting (CT) times. Eighty-one male (43 ± 7 years), permanent residents from La Rinconada (Peru), the highest city in the world (5,100-5,300 m), were evaluated. Thirty-six subjects (44 %) presented with EE. EE subjects compared to non-EE subjects had lower BT (3.6 ± 1.2 vs. 7.0 ± 1.9 min, p < 0.001) and CT (11.7 ± 1.7 vs. 15.1 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.001). These results support the notion that highlanders with EE are in a state of hypercoagulability and call for further hemostasis investigations in this population using more detailed hemostatic methods.
Published: 2020

11. Skeletal muscle of females and males with constitutional thinness: a low intramuscular lipid content and oxidative profile

Author: Bogdan Galusca, Angèle N. Merlet, Jörg Hager, Christophe Hourdé, Thierry Thomas, Julien Verney, David Thivel, Bruno Estour, Daniel Courteix, Bruno Pereira, Natacha Germain, Mélina Bailly, Léonard Féasson, Frédéric Costes, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Addictions et Poids Extêmes (TAPE - TCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Service Endocrinologie - Diabète et Maladies métaboliques [CHU Saint-Etienne], Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Service Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Saint-Etienne], Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), TAPE laboratory [Saint-Étienne], Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Service de Médecine du Sport et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord, CHU Saint-Etienne, France. INSERM U1059, University of Lyon-Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, and BAILLY, Mélina
Subjects: Male, Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Skeletal muscle, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Weight Gain, Constitutional thinness, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Citrate synthase, Capillary supply, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Glycogen, General Medicine, Adaptation, Physiological, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Underweight, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Oxidative phosphorylation, Hyperphagia, Muscle glycogen, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Thinness, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Triglycerides, 030304 developmental biology, Muscle biopsy, business.industry, Body Weight, Metabolism, Intramuscular triglycerides, Endocrinology, chemistry, Lipid content, Dietary Supplements, biology.protein, Oxidative capacity, Energy Intake, business
Abstract: Constitutional thinness (CT) is a nonpathological state of underweight. The current study aimed to explore skeletal muscle energy storage in individuals with CT and to further characterize muscle phenotype at baseline and in response to overfeeding. Thirty subjects with CT (15 females, 15 males) and 31 normal-weight control subjects (16 females, 15 males) participated in the study. Histological and enzymological analyses were performed on muscle biopsy specimens before and after overfeeding. In the skeletal muscle of CT participants compared with controls, we observed a lower content of intramuscular triglycerides for type I (−17%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (−14%, p < 0.05) muscle fibers, a lower glycogen content for type I (−6%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (−5%, p < 0.05) muscle fibers, a specific fiber-type distribution, a marked muscle hypotrophy (−20%, p < 0.001), a low capillary-to-fiber ratio (−19%, p < 0.001), and low citrate synthase activity (−18%, p < 0.05). In response to overfeeding, CT participants increased their intramuscular triglycerides content in type I (+10%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (+9%, p < 0.01) muscle fibers. CT individuals seem to present an unusual muscle phenotype and different adaptations to overfeeding compared with normal-weight individuals, suggesting a specific energy metabolism and muscle adaptations. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02004821. Novelty Low intramuscular triglycerides and glycogen content in skeletal muscle of constitutionally thin individuals. Low oxidative capacity, low capillary supply, and fiber hypotrophy in skeletal muscle of constitutionally thin individuals. Increase in intramuscular triglycerides in constitutional thinness in response to overfeeding.
Published: 2020

12. Tensorpac: An open-source Python toolbox for tensor-based phase-amplitude coupling measurement in electrophysiological brain signals

Author: Juan L.P. Soto, Timothy Nest, Karim Jerbi, Aymeric Guillot, Robin A. A. Ince, Andrea Brovelli, Etienne Combrisson, Brovelli, Andrea, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Neurosciences and Psychology [Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Laboratorio de Polímeros, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport (EA647) (CRIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-CE28-0016,CausaL,Architectures cognitives de l'apprentissage causale(2018), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Computer science, Time Measurement, 0302 clinical medicine, Biology (General), computer.programming_language, Modulation, 0303 health sciences, Measurement, Ecology, Brain, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Toolbox, Electrophysiology, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Brain Electrophysiology, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Computer engineering, Modeling and Simulation, Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Software design, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, QH301-705.5, Computation, Neurophysiology, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Genetics, Humans, Tensor, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Spurious relationship, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Electrophysiological Techniques, Computational Biology, Biology and Life Sciences, Signal Bandwidth, Python (programming language), Probability Theory, Probability Distribution, Computing Methods, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Visualization, 030104 developmental biology, Signal Processing, computer, Software, Mathematics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Information integration
Abstract: Despite being the focus of a thriving field of research, the biological mechanisms that underlie information integration in the brain are not yet fully understood. A theory that has gained a lot of traction in recent years suggests that multi-scale integration is regulated by a hierarchy of mutually interacting neural oscillations. In particular, there is accumulating evidence that phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), a specific form of cross-frequency interaction, plays a key role in numerous cognitive processes. Current research in the field is not only hampered by the absence of a gold standard for PAC analysis, but also by the computational costs of running exhaustive computations on large and high-dimensional electrophysiological brain signals. In addition, various signal properties and analyses parameters can lead to spurious PAC. Here, we present Tensorpac, an open-source Python toolbox dedicated to PAC analysis of neurophysiological data. The advantages of Tensorpac include (1) higher computational efficiency thanks to software design that combines tensor computations and parallel computing, (2) the implementation of all most widely used PAC methods in one package, (3) the statistical analysis of PAC measures, and (4) extended PAC visualization capabilities. Tensorpac is distributed under a BSD-3-Clause license and can be launched on any operating system (Linux, OSX and Windows). It can be installed directly via pip or downloaded from Github (https://github.com/EtienneCmb/tensorpac). By making Tensorpac available, we aim to enhance the reproducibility and quality of PAC research, and provide open tools that will accelerate future method development in neuroscience.
Published: 2020

13. Physical activity preferences before and after participation in a 6‐month physical activity intervention among women with metastatic breast cancer

Author: Béatrice Fervers, Magali Morelle, Olivia Pérol, Lidia Delrieu, Marina Touillaud, Thomas Bachelot, Christine M. Friedenreich, Pierre-Etienne Heudel, Jeff K. Vallance, Vincent Pialoux, Olivier Tredan, Armelle Dufresne, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire d'Excellence : Biogenèse et pathologies du globule rouge (Labex Gr-Ex), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Division of Population Health and Information, Alberta Cancer Board, Service d'Oncologie Médicale [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Oncogénèse et progression tumorale, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Médecine Nucléaire, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'oncologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Counseling, medicine.medical_specialty, Physical activity, Bone Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Cancer Care Facilities, Fitness Centers, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), Secondary analysis, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Exercise, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Oncologists, Physical activity interventions, business.industry, Brain Neoplasms, Activity tracker, Patient Preference, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Metastatic breast cancer, Physical activity level, Exercise Therapy, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical therapy, Female, business, Social vulnerability
Abstract: Objective This secondary analysis of the ABLE Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03148886) aimed to assess physical activity preferences before and after a 6-month physical activity intervention for women recently diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer and to investigate demographic and clinical correlates of these preferences. Methods Forty-nine patients participated in the ABLE Trial, a single-arm, unsupervised 6-month physical activity intervention with activity trackers. At baseline and 6 months, physical activity preferences, physical activity level, clinical variables, demographics and social vulnerability were assessed. Results At baseline, 49 participants were included, among whom 85% were interested in receiving physical activity counselling and 89% were interested in following a physical activity programme designed for metastatic breast cancer. At the end of the study, more participants preferred practising in a community fitness centre (66%) rather than at home (19% vs. 44% at baseline, p = .03). A higher social vulnerability score and not being treated by chemotherapy at baseline were significantly associated with lower desire to receive physical activity counselling (p = .01 and p = .04 respectively). Conclusions This study will help design future studies within patients with metastatic breast cancer in accordance with their preferences. Designing tailored physical activity interventions according to the participant's preferences may be one key to success for adherence.
Published: 2020

14. Cost-effectiveness of an exercise and nutritional intervention versus usual nutritional care during adjuvant treatment for localized breast cancer: the PASAPAS randomized controlled trial

Author: Séverine Guillemaut, Anne-Sophie Kempf-Lépine, Eric Reynes, Lionel Perrier, Cédric Baudinet, Sophie E. Berthouze, Béatrice Fervers, Dominik Heinz, Frédéric Gomez, Renaud Meyrand, Marina Touillaud, Julien Carretier, Thierry Philip, Aude-Marie Foucaut, Olivier Tredan, David Pérol, Patrick Bachmann, Magali Morelle, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de Santé (LEPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire sur les Vulnérabilités et l'Innovation dans le Sport (EA 7428) (L-VIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Département cancer environnement (Centre Léon Bérard - Lyon), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Breast Neoplasms, Body fat percentage, law.invention, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aerobic capacity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 2. Zero hunger, Nutritional Support, business.industry, Cost-effectiveness analysis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Exercise Therapy, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, Oncology, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical therapy, Female, business, Body mass index
Abstract: We undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to compare an exercise and nutritional program with the usual nutritional care concomitant to adjuvant chemotherapy in localized breast cancer patients. The CEA was designed as part of the interventional, controlled, randomized, single-center, open-label PASAPAS study. Breast cancer patients receiving first-line adjuvant chemotherapy at a French Comprehensive Cancer Center were randomized 2:1 to a 6-month exercise program of supervised indoor and outdoor group sessions in addition to usual nutritional care (exercise arm) or a usual nutritional care group receiving dietary and physical activity counseling (control arm). Costs were assessed from the French national insurance perspective (in Euros, 2012). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for four criteria: body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and estimated aerobic capacity. Uncertainty around the ICERs was captured by a probabilistic analysis using a non-parametric bootstrap method. The analysis was based on 60 patients enrolled between 2011 and 2013. Average intervention costs per participant were €412 in the exercise arm (n = 41) and €117 (n = 19) in the control arm. Total mean costs were €17,344 (standard deviation 9,928) and €20,615 (standard deviation 14,904), respectively, did not differ significantly (p = 0.51). The 6-month exercise program was deemed to be cost-effective compared with usual care for the estimated aerobic capacity. Multicenter randomized studies with long-term costs and outcomes should be done to provide additional evidence. Clinical trial: The PASAPAS study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial registration ID: NCT01331772.
Published: 2020

15. Muscle alterations induced by electrostimulation are lower at short quadriceps femoris length

Author: Julien Gondin, Alexandre Fouré, Augustin C. Ogier, David Bendahan, Maxime Guye, Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), 13005 MARSEILLE, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Images et Modèles (I&M), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (CEMEREM), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ben Dahan, David
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Single group, Stimulation, Isometric exercise, Muscle damage, Thigh, Quadriceps Muscle, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Isometric Contraction, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Knee extensors, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Electric Stimulation, Intensity (physics), medicine.anatomical_structure, Transverse Relaxation Time, Cardiology, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: This study aimed at determining through MRI investigations, force and soreness assessments whether the modulation of muscle length is a relevant strategy for minimising neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-induced muscle damage in young healthy participants.Methods: Comparison of 2 NMES sessions (40 isometric electrically-evoked contractions of the knee extensors) was randomly performed on 1 knee flexed at 50° (short muscle length) and the contralateral at 100° (long muscle length) in a single group of healthy participants. Indirect markers of muscle damage including changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) force, muscle volume and transverse relaxation time (T2) were measured before, 2 days (D2), 4 days (D4) and 7 days (D7) after the NMES sessions in each limb of the ten participants.Results: Although stimulation intensity was similar during the NMES session on both limbs, significantly lower force production was recorded at long muscle length (peak at 30 ± 5% MVC force) as compared to short muscle length (peak at 61 ± 12% MVC force). In the following days, MVC force at long muscle length was decreased from D2 to D7, whereas no significant change occurred at short muscle length. Increases in muscle volume and T2 were found at each time point in stimulated muscles at long muscle length, whereas no change was found at short muscle length.Conclusion: For the same stimulation intensity, NMES-induced isometric contractions generate higher knee extension force output and result in lower muscle tissues alterations that could be related to a lower intramuscular shear strain when exercise is performed at short muscle length.
Published: 2019

16. Rituximab is an effective treatment in patients with pemphigus vulgaris and demonstrates a steroid‐sparing effect

Author: Bruno Sassolas, Frédéric Caux, Olivier Dereure, Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro, E. Csinady, Estelle Houivet, D.M. Chen, Jean-David Bouaziz, C. Prost‐Squarcioni, S. Duvert-Lehembre, Sébastien Calbo, P. Bernard, Pierre Vabres, Nicolas Dupin, L. Gearhart, Pascal Joly, Laurent Machet, Jacques Benichou, A. Odueyungbo, Carle Paul, Philippe Musette, Gaëlle Quéreux, Sébastien Debarbieux, Alain Dupuy, Catherine Picard-Dahan, Nathalie Beneton, Emmanuel Delaporte, Maud Maho-Vaillant, Michel D'Incan, Marie-Laure Golinski, Denis Jullien, Frédérique Caillot, P.B. Lehane, Marie Aleth Richard, Bruno Labeille, Laurent Misery, Christophe Bedane, M. Alexandre, Vivien Hébert, Martine Avenel-Audran, M. Cheu, Marie Beylot-Barry, Service de Dermatologie [Rouen], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Physiopathologie, Autoimmunité, maladies Neuromusculaires et THErapies Régénératrices (PANTHER), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de biostatistiques [CHU Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), University Hospital of St-Etienne, Department of Dermatology, Service de dermatologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'oncologie [Hôpital privé Toulon Hyères : Sainte Marguerite], Hôpital privé Toulon Hyères : Sainte Marguerite, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Equipe GAD (LNC - U1231), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille, Service de dermatologie [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de dermatologie [CH Le Mans], Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Calcul Thermodynamique, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche - CHRU Brest (CHU - BREST ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Immuno-Régulation dans les Maladies Auto-Immunes Inflammatoires et le Cancer - EA 7509 (IRMAIC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ILL, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Service de Dermatologie [CHU Saint-Etienne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Prednisolone, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dermatology, Gastroenterology, law.invention, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Prednisone, Internal medicine, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Medicine, In patient, Adverse effect, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Standard treatment, Pemphigus vulgaris, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Clinical Trial, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Rituximab, business, Adjuvant, Immunosuppressive Agents, Pemphigus, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Summary Background Corticosteroids (CS) with or without adjuvant immunosuppressant agents are standard treatment for pemphigus vulgaris (PV). The efficacy of adjuvant therapies in minimizing steroid‐related adverse events (AEs) is unproven. Objectives To utilize data collected in a French investigator‐initiated, phase III, open‐label, randomized controlled trial to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of rituximab and seek approval for its use in PV. Methods This was an independently conducted post hoc analysis of the moderate‐to‐severe PV subset enrolled in the Ritux 3 study. Patients were randomized to rituximab plus 0·5 or 1·0 mg kg−1 per day prednisone tapered over 3 or 6 months, or 1·0 or 1·5 mg kg−1 per day prednisone alone tapered over 12 or 18 months, respectively (according to disease severity). The primary end point was complete remission at month 24 without CS (CRoff) for ≥ 2 months, and 24‐month efficacy and safety results were also reported. Results At month 24, 34 of 38 patients (90%) on rituximab plus prednisone achieved CRoff ≥ 2 months vs. 10 of 36 patients (28%) on prednisone alone. Median total cumulative prednisone dose was 5800 mg in the rituximab plus prednisone arm vs. 20 520 mg for prednisone alone. Eight of 36 patients (22%) who received prednisone alone withdrew from treatment owing to AEs; one rituximab‐plus‐prednisone patient withdrew due to pregnancy. Overall, 24 of 36 patients (67%) on prednisone alone experienced a grade 3/4 CS‐related AE vs. 13 of 38 patients (34%) on rituximab plus prednisone. Conclusions In patients with moderate‐to‐severe PV, rituximab plus short‐term prednisone was more effective than prednisone alone. Patients treated with rituximab had less CS exposure and were less likely to experience severe or life‐threatening CS‐related AEs. What's already known about this topic? Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common type of pemphigus.Corticosteroids, a standard first‐line treatment for PV, have significant side‐effects.Although their effects are unproven, adjuvant corticosteroid‐sparing agents are routinely used to minimize steroid exposure and corticosteroid‐related side‐effects.There is evidence that the anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab is effective in the treatment of patients with severe recalcitrant pemphigus and in patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus. What does this study add? This study provides a more detailed analysis of patients with PV enrolled in an investigator‐initiated trial.Rituximab plus prednisone had a steroid‐sparing effect and more patients achieved complete remission off prednisone.Fewer patients experienced grade 3 or grade 4 steroid‐related adverse events than those on prednisone alone.This collaboration between academia and industry, utilizing independent post hoc analyses, led to regulatory authority approvals of rituximab in moderate‐to‐severe PV., Linked Comment: Scorer et al. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1078–1079.
Published: 2019

17. A novel segmentation framework dedicated to the follow‐up of fat infiltration in individual muscles of patients with neuromuscular disorders

Author: C. Michel, Alexandre Fouré, David Bendahan, Arend Heerschap, Arnaud Le Troter, Linda Heskamp, Marc-Emmanuel Bellemare, Augustin C. Ogier, Images et Modèles (I&M), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Intraclass correlation, Fat infiltration, Image registration, Muscle volume, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, 0302 clinical medicine, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Quantitative assessment, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Segmentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Leg, Reproducibility, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Image segmentation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Thigh, business, Algorithms, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: To propose a novel segmentation framework that is dedicated to the follow-up of fat infiltration in individual muscles of patients with neuromuscular disorders.Methods: We designed a semi-automatic segmentation pipeline of individual leg muscles in MR images based on automatic propagation through nonlinear registrations of initial delineation in a minimal number of MR slices. This approach has been validated for the segmentation of individual muscles from MRI data sets, acquired over a 10-month period, from thighs and legs in 10 patients with muscular dystrophy. The robustness of the framework was evaluated using conventional metrics related to muscle volume and clinical metrics related to fat infiltration.Results: High accuracy of the semi-automatic segmentation (mean Dice similarity coefficient higher than 0.89) was reported. The provided method has excellent reliability regarding the reproducibility of the fat fraction estimation, with an average intraclass correlation coefficient score of 0.99. Furthermore, the present segmentation framework was determined to be more reliable than the intra-expert performance, which had an average intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93.Conclusion: The proposed framework of segmentation can successfully provide an effective and reliable tool for accurate follow-up of any MRI biomarkers in neuromuscular disorders. This method could assist the quantitative assessment of muscular changes occurring in such diseases.
Published: 2019

18. Motor imagery ability of patients with lower-limb amputation: exploring the course of rehabilitation effects

Author: Elodie Saruco, Catherine Mercier, Anne Durand, Philip L. Jackson, Aymeric Guillot, Franck Di Rienzo, Arnaud Saimpont, Francine Malouin, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut de Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Québec, Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Adult, Male, 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal study, Imagery, Psychotherapy, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Motor imagery, Amputees, Lower limb amputation, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, education.field_of_study, Rehabilitation, business.industry, Recovery of Function, Middle Aged, Lower Extremity, Amputation, Exercise Test, Female, Observational study, 0305 other medical science, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Independent living
Abstract: Background Amputation of a lower-limb results in a severe decrease of functional mobility that deeply alters independent living. Motor imagery (MI) refers to the mental representation of an action without engaging its actual execution. The repetitive use of MI has been shown to contribute to promote motor recovery and phantom-limb pain alleviation. Aim Given the importance of invoking accurate images to benefit from MI practice, and considering the link between motor capacities and MI, the present study investigated the effect of a rehabilitation program on MI ability in patients with lower-limb amputation. Design Observational and longitudinal study. Setting Patients recruited from the Amputation program at the Institut de Readaptation en Deficience Physique de Quebec (IRDPQ), in Quebec City, Canada. Population Patients with trans-tibial or transfemoral amputation, following a rehabilitation program as outpatients. Methods MI ability of the patients was measured at three different time points along the course of physical therapy. Results The data revealed a positive effect of the rehabilitation program on MI accuracy of locomotor tasks, and greater MI vividness and accuracy for single-joint movements that patients were still able to physically perform. Conclusions These findings suggest that MI abilities and actual motor performance are mirrored in a congruent fashion. Clinical rehabilitation impact Therapists should consider this critical aspect when including MI practice in rehabilitation programs among patients with lower-limb amputation.
Published: 2019

19. Réduction de modèle numérique pour la prévision de la pression d'interface appliquée par les bandages de compression sur la jambe inférieure

Author: Jérôme Molimard, Reynald Convert, Pierre Badel, Fanette Chassagne, Pascal Giraux, INSERM U1059, SAINBIOSE - Santé, Ingénierie, Biologie, Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE-ENSMSE), Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Thuasne, Université Jean Monnet - Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Molimard, Jérôme, Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet
Subjects: Adult, Male, Patient-Specific Modeling, Materials science, Compression Bandage, Friction, Finite Element Analysis, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Compression Bandages, model reduction, Pressure, Humans, Vascular Diseases, Lymphatic Diseases, Leg, Computer simulation, Tension (physics), [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Mechanics, Middle Aged, 020601 biomedical engineering, Finite element method, Pressure measurement, interface pressure, Female, Reduction (mathematics), Parametrization, Finite element simulation, Bandage
Abstract: International audience; Objective: To develop a new method for the prediction of interface pressure applied by medical compression bandages. Methods: A finite element simulation of bandage application was designed, based on patient-specific leg geometries. For personalized interface pressure prediction, a model reduction approach was proposed, which included the parametrization of the leg geometry. Pressure values computed with this reduced model were then confronted to experimental pressure values. Results: The most influencing parameters were found to be the bandage tension, the skin-to-bandage friction coefficient and the leg morphology. Thanks to the model reduction approach, it was possible to compute interface pressure as a linear combination of these parameters. The pressures computed with this reduced model were in agreement with experimental pressure values measured on 66 patients' legs. Conclusion: This methodology helps to predict patient-specific interface pressure applied by compression bandages within a few minutes whereas it would take a few days for the numerical simulation. The results of this method show less bias than Laplace's Law, which is for now the only other method for interface pressure computation.
Published: 2018

20. Evolution of blood rheology and its relationship to pulmonary hemodynamic during the first days of exposure to moderate altitude

Author: Jorge Lopez Ayerbe, Patrick Mucci, Philippe Connes, Fabienne Durand, Antoine Raberin, Elie Nader, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire d'Excellence : Biogenèse et pathologies du globule rouge (Labex Gr-Ex), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 (URePSSS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude (LEPSA), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), and Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - EA 7369 (URePSSS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonary Circulation, Physiology, Blood viscosity, Hemodynamics, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hematocrit, Acclimatization, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, medicine, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Altitude, Hematology, Hemoconcentration, Healthy Volunteers, Red blood cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vascular resistance, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Rheology
Abstract: Blood rheology and hemodynamic parameters have never been explored together during acclimatization to altitude. This study aimed to investigate changes in blood rheology parameters and pulmonary hemodynamics during the first days of real moderate altitude exposure.Seventeen athletes were tested at sea-level, 20 hours after their arrival at 2,400 meters of altitude (H1) and five days later (H2). Blood was sampled to analyze red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, blood viscosity and hematocrit. Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary pressure (Pcap) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were assessed by echocardiography.We observed a rise in hematocrit, blood viscosity, RBC aggregation, PAP, Pcap and PVR between sea-level and H1. In H2, RBC aggregation, hematocrit, PAP, Pcap and PVR remained different compared to sea-level and no difference was observed between H1 and H2. Blood viscosity decreased in H2 and returned to sea-level values.Our results suggest that hemoconcentration occurring within the first hours of altitude exposure increased blood viscosity, which contributed to the changes in pulmonary hemodynamic. When blood viscosity decreased in H2, no change occurred in pulmonary hemodynamic parameters suggesting that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was still present. The elevated RBC aggregation observed after in H2 could participate in the increase of Pcap.
Published: 2019

21. Reptiles in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) are a reservoir of major human Salmonella enterica serovars

Author: Edith Malpote, Blandine Muanza, Séverine Ferdinand, Antoine Talarmin, Sylvaine Bastian, Cécile Loraux, Stéphanie Guyomard-Rabenirina, Sébastien Breurec, François-Xavier Weill, Pierre Legreneur, Vincent Richard, Simon Le Hello, Franck Berger, Unité Transmission, Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes [Pasteur Guadeloupe, France] (TReD-Path), Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de Référence - National Reference Center Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella (CNR-ESS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique et environnementale [Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France], CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Service de Pédiatrie [Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France], Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université des Antilles - UFR des sciences médicales Hyacinthe Bastaraud (UA UFR SM), Université des Antilles (UA), The Institut Pasteur was the funder of this study (https://www.pasteur.fr/fr)., We thank all the students and the technicians involved in this work at the Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, the University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre and the FNRC-ESS. We thank Nadia Babel for collecting data on livestock production., Bactéries pathogènes entériques (BPE), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport (EA647) (CRIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Bodescot, Myriam, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Serotype, Bacterial Diseases, Salmonella, Salmonellosis, Subspecies, medicine.disease_cause, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, 0403 veterinary science, Medicine and Health Sciences, Guadeloupe, Panama, Multidisciplinary, Eukaryota, Salmonella enterica, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 3. Good health, Bacterial Pathogens, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical Microbiology, Salmonella Infections, Vertebrates, Medicine, Frogs, Livestock, Pathogens, Research Article, 040301 veterinary sciences, Science, 030106 microbiology, Zoology, Biology, Microbiology, Amphibians, 03 medical and health sciences, Enterobacteriaceae, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Microbial Pathogens, Feces, Disease Reservoirs, Caribbean, Bacteria, business.industry, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Reptiles, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Carriage, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Amniotes, North America, Iguanas, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, People and places, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; The epidemiology of human Salmonella enterica infections in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) appears to be specific, with a higher prevalence of the subspecies enterica serovars Panama and Arechavaleta (Panama and Arechavaleta) than in other regions. A study was performed in Guadeloupe to identify the reservoir of Salmonella serovars by comparing their distribution in warm- and cold-blooded animals and in humans living in Guadeloupe and mainland France. Furthermore, a case-control study was conducted in 2012-2013 to identify the main epidemiologic risk factors for S. enterica infection among children under 15 years of age. Between June 2011 and December 2014, feces from 426 reptiles (322 anoles, 69 iguanas and 35 geckos) and 50 frogs distributed throughout Guadeloupe and nearby islands were investigated. The frequency of S. enterica carriage was 15.0% (n = 64) in reptiles but varied by species. The only significant risk factor for S. enterica infection was a more frequent presence of frogs in the houses of cases than in those of controls (P = 0.042); however, isolates were not collected. Panama and Arechavaleta were the two serovars most often recovered between 2005 and 2014 from humans living in Guadeloupe (24.5% (n = 174) and 11.5% (n = 82), respectively), which is in contrast to the low prevalence in mainland France (0.4%). Their presence at low frequencies in wild reptiles (4.6% (n = 3) and 3.1% (n = 2), respectively) and pigs (7.5% (n = 5) and 1.5% (n = 1), respectively) suggests a broad host range, and humans may be infected by indirect or direct contact with animals. These serovars are probably poorly adapted to humans and therefore cause more severe infections. The unusual subspecies houtenae serovar 43:z4,z32:- was a major subspecies in wild reptiles (24.6%, n = 16) and humans (9.4%, n = 67) but was not recovered from warm-blooded animals, suggesting that reptiles plays a key role in human infection.
Published: 2019

22. Spatial difference can occur between activated and damaged muscle areas following electrically‐induced isometric contractions

Author: David Bendahan, Maxime Guye, Julien Gondin, Augustin C. Ogier, Alexandre Fouré, Arnaud Le Troter, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Images et Modèles (I&M), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Vastus medialis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Stimulation, Isometric exercise, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Isometric Contraction, medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Statistical mapping, Skeletal muscle, Muscle activation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Anatomy, Electric Stimulation, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Spatial difference
Abstract: KEY POINTS T2 mapping combined to image registration and statistical parametric mapping analysis is a suitable methodology to accurately localize and compare the extent of both activated and damaged muscle areas. Activated muscle areas following electrically-induced isometric contractions are superficial, but damaged regions are muscle specific and can be related to the muscle morphology and/or the relative spatial position within a muscle group leading to potential intramuscular muscle shear strain. Tissues other than active skeletal muscle fibres can be altered during unaccustomed neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced isometric contractions. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle isometric contractions induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) exercise can generate damage within activated muscles. This study aimed at comparing the localization and the extent of NMES-activated muscle areas and induced damage regions using magnetic resonance imaging. Thirteen healthy subjects performed a single bout of NMES-induced isometric contractions known to induce a decrease in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) and increase in muscle volume and transverse relaxation time (T2 ). All the parameters were measured before, immediately after (POST), 7 days (D7), 14 days (D14) and 21 days (D21) after the NMES session. Spatial normalization of T2 maps were performed to compare the localization of muscle activation areas and damaged muscle regions from statistical mapping analyses. A significant decrease in MVC was found at POST (-26 ± 9%) and in delayed time at D7 (-20 ± 6%) and D14 (-12 ± 5%). Although muscle activation was statistically detected through T2 increase at POST in superficial parts of the two muscles located beneath the stimulation electrodes (i.e. vastus lateralis and vastus medialis), alterations quantified in a delayed time from increased T2 were mainly located in the deep muscle region of the vastus lateralis (+57 ± 24% of mean T2 ) and superficial area of the vastus medialis (+24 ± 16% of mean T2 ) at D7 and were still observed in whole muscle at D21. The discrepancy between activated and damaged areas in the vastus lateralis implies that tissues other than active skeletal muscle fibres were altered during unaccustomed NMES-induced isomeric contractions.
Published: 2019

23. Risk factors for treatment failure in scabies: a cohort study

Author: Aussy, A., Houivet, E., Hébert, V., Colas‐Cailleux, H., Laaengh, N., Richard, C., Ouvry, M., Boulard, C., Leger, S., Litrowski, N., Bénichou, J., Joly, P., Béchu, Stéphane, Mion‐Mouton, N., Lafaurie, O., Barrel, A., Pulluard, M., Hamel, V., Dore, M.X., Duflo, E., Lardans‐Cassius, S., Rzeznik, J.C., Baricault, S., Unité de biostatistiques [CHU Rouen], Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Service de Dermatologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Physiopathologie, Autoimmunité, maladies Neuromusculaires et THErapies Régénératrices (PANTHER), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Photochimie moléculaire et macromoléculaire (PMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Administration, Oral, Beds, Dermatology, Administration, Cutaneous, Benzoates, Risk Assessment, Drug Administration Schedule, Cohort Studies, Scabies, Young Adult, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ivermectin, Pharmacotherapy, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Treatment Failure, Child, Decontamination, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Antiparasitic Agents, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, Ambulatory, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, France, Sarcoptes scabiei, business, Cohort study, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Treatment failure, which occurs in about one-third of cases, is considered as a major factor in the increasing incidence of scabies in developed countries. Objectives To identify predictors of treatment failure of scabies in ambulatory populations. Methods This multicentre study compared the clinical characteristics and treatment modalities between a group of patients with scabies treated successfully and another group who were not cured 3 months after antiscabies treatment. Results In total 210 patients with a diagnosis of scabies were included, comprising 98 patients in the treatment success group and 112 in the treatment failure group. The main risk factors for treatment failure were (i) the use of only one type of treatment, topical benzyl benzoate (BB) or oral ivermectin, vs. the combination of both treatments [odds ratio (OR) 2·15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·22-3·77]; (ii) the use of a single intake (vs. two) of oral ivermectin (OR 10·2. 95% CI 4·49-23·2); (iii) intake of ivermectin during a meal vs. on an empty stomach (OR 4·31, 95% CI 1·89-9·84); (iv) absence of decontamination of furnishings (OR 8·72, 95% CI 3·50-21·8), in particular sofa and cushions (OR 5·90, 95% CI 2·34-14·9), mattresses (OR 4·16, 95% CI 1·35-12·8) or car seats (OR 6·57, 95% CI 3·27-13·2) and (v) absence of written documents explaining treatment modalities (OR 5·18, 95% CI 2·57-10·4). In multivariate analysis, treatment failure was mainly associated with (i) use of a single intake (vs. two) of ivermectin (OR 6·62, 95% CI 2·71-16·2); (ii) use of BB alone vs. two intakes of ivermectin (OR 3·51, 95% CI 1·55-7·95) and (iii) absence of decontamination of furniture with acaricides (OR 5·81, 95% CI 1·96-16·7). Conclusions Use of topical BB alone and a single intake (vs. two) of ivermectin are predictors of treatment failure.
Published: 2019

24. Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation in Pacific Island athletes

Author: Richard Donnadieu, Corinne Braunstein, François Carré, Frédéric Roche, Jean-Paul Grangeon, Satu Viali, Jean-Claude Barthélémy, Jean-Marie Sabot, François-Xavier Raby, Jean-Claude Chatard, Gérard Papouin, Karl Isaaz, Christian Guivarch, Régis Dacquin, Florian Espinosa, Antoine Gerbay, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA-EPIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), This work was supported by a grant from Fond Pacific and the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et du Développement international, AFD CTZ 1056 01 T and a grant from Philips industry., Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA - EPIS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cardiomyopathy, Physical examination, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pacific Islands, Sudden cardiac death, Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation, Electrocardiography, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, T wave, medicine, Humans, Melanesians, 030212 general & internal medicine, Family history, Child, Exercise, Physical Examination, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Athletes, business.industry, Training level, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, T wave inversion, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Patient Participation, Abnormality, Polynesians, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; Background - Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation (PPE) aims to detect cardiac disease with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. No study has focused on Pacific Island athletes. Methods - A total of 2281 Pacific Island athletes were studied with (i) a questionnaire on family, personal history and symptoms, (ii) a physical examination and (iii) a 12-lead ECG. Results - 85% presented a normal history and examination. A positive family history was 1.4-1.9 fold higher in Melanesians, Polynesians and Métis than in Caucasians, while a positive personal history, abnormal symptoms and abnormal examination was 1.3 fold higher in Melanesians and Métis than in others. Neither gender nor training level had a bearing on these results. Melanesians had higher T wave inversions (TWIs) in V2-V4 leads but had no CV abnormalities. Lateral or infero-lateral TWIs were found in 6 male and in 5 highly trained athletes and cardiomyopathies were diagnosed in 3/6 athletes. Overall, 3.9% athletes were found to have a CV abnormality and 0.8% had a risk of SCD. Polynesians and males were more at risk than the others while the level of training made no difference. In athletes at risk of SCD, the main detected CV diseases were cardiomyopathies, Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) and severe valve lesions of rheumatoid origin. Conclusions - PPE revealed that 3.9% presented CV abnormalities. A risk of SCD was found in 0.8% with cardiomyopathies, WPW, and severe valve lesions of rheumatoid origin. Melanesians, Polynesians and male of high level of training were more at risk than others.
Published: 2019

25. Automatic depletion with Spectra Optia allows a safe 16% reduction of red blood cell pack consumption in exchanged sickle cell anemia patients

Author: Kamila Kebaili, Olivier Hequet, Alexandra Gauthier, Yves Bertrand, Solène Poutrel, A. Guironnet‐Paquet, Y. Chelghoum, M. Raba, Arnaud Hot, Giovanna Cannas, Jean-François Nicolas, Philippe Connes, Daniela Revesz, Céline Renoux, Marc Vocanson, Fabrice Cognasse, Philippe Joly, Engineering Service, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service de Médecine Interne [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire d'Excellence : Biogenèse et pathologies du globule rouge (Labex Gr-Ex), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS), Service d'hématologie : Immuno-Hématologie pédiatrique et transplantation de moelle osseuse, Hôpital Debrousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble [2016-2019] (LNCMI-G [2016-2019]), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service de Médecine Interne, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'hématologie et oncologie pédiatriques, 69008 Lyon, France, parent, Immunologie de l'allergie cutanée et vaccination – Immunology of skin allergy and vaccination, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique [CHU - HCL] (IHOPe), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Erythrocytes, Adolescent, Anemia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Blood volume, Anemia, Sickle Cell, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hematocrit, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart rate, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Prospective Studies, Adverse effect, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Hematology, medicine.disease, Sickle cell anemia, 3. Good health, Red blood cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood pressure, Anesthesia, Female, business, Erythrocyte Transfusion, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Background Chronic red blood cell exchanges (RBCXs) are frequently used to prevent complications in patients with sickle cell anemia, but the scarcity of matched red blood cell packs (RBCPs) is a serious concern. The main goal of this study was to compare the number of RBCPs used during RBCXs between the Spectra Optia (SO) device (with the automatic depletion step) and the former Cobe Spectra (CSP) device. Study design and methods The performances and safety of 300 SO sessions using the automatic depletion step (SO/DE) in 50 patients with sickle cell anemia under a chronic transfusion program over a 1-year period were prospectively analyzed. The numbers of RBCPs saved using this protocol compared to the SO device without depletion and to the CSP device were determined. Results The SO/DE protocol appeared to be safe, as only 5% and 17% of the sessions were characterized by a significant decrease in blood pressure and increase in heart rate (grade 2 adverse events), respectively. Postapheresis hematocrit and fraction of cells remaining reached expected values. The SO/DE protocol required 16% fewer RBCPs compared to SO without depletion, allowing a mean saving of 12 RBCPs per patient and per year and 13% fewer compared to CSP device. Interestingly, the saving was more important for patients with high total blood volume and/or high preapheresis hematocrit. Conclusion The SO/DE protocol is an efficient, safe and cost-effective procedure for patients with sickle cell anemia under a chronic transfusion program.
Published: 2019

26. Muscle loss associated changes of oxylipin signatures during biological aging: an exploratory study from the PROOF cohort

Author: Alice Decourt, Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon, Annika I. Ostermann, Thade Konrad, Cécile Gladine, Daniel Béchet, Nils Helge Schebb, Céline Dalle, Léonard Féasson, Frédéric Roche, André Mazur, Jean-Claude Barthélémy, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc, PRES Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet (Saint-Etienne), Université de Lyon, Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier du Pays d'Aix, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), German Resaerch Foundation SCHE 1801Fondation Caisse d'Epargne Rhone-Alpes (CERA) 30French government IDEX-ISITE initiative 16-IDEX-0001 CAP 20-25French Ministry of Health, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, service de chirurgie cardiaque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Montpied, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, CHU Nord, Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc, Unité de Myologie, Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Unité de Myologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice [CHU de Saint-Etienne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain). BEL., CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut Multidisciplinaire de Biochimie des Lipides (IMBL). FRA., Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne ( UNH ), Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Auvergne/Rhône-Alpes] ( INRA Auvergne/Rhône-Alpes ), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne ( CHU de Saint-Etienne )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Aging, Sarcopenia, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Lipid mediators, Inflammation, medicine.disease_cause, Bioinformatics, analyse métabolomique, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolomics, Absorptiometry, Photon, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Oxylipins, Prospective Studies, perte de muscle, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Lipid signaling, vieillissement, Oxylipin, medicine.disease, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030104 developmental biology, oxylipine, Ageing, ageing, Cohort, Eicosanoids, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business, étude de cohorte, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress, Biomarkers
Abstract: L’Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH - Clermont-Ferrand) organise cette année avec l’aide du laboratoire CarMeN (Lyon) la 18ème éditionL’Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH - Clermont-Ferrand) organise cette année avec l’aide du laboratoire CarMeN (Lyon) la 18ème édition; Characterizations of the multiple mechanisms determining biological aging are required tobetter understand the etiology and identify early biomarkers of sarcopenia. Oxylipins are a largefamily of signaling lipids involved in the regulation of various biological processes that becomedysregulated during aging.To investigate whether comprehensive oxylipin profiling could provide an integrated and finecharacterisation of the early phases of sarcopenia, we performed a quantitative targetedmetabolomics of oxylipins in plasma of 81-year old subjects from the PROOF cohort withdecreased (n=12), stable (n=16) or increased appendicular muscle mass (n=14).Multivariate and univariate analyses identified significant and concordant changes of oxylipinprofiles according to the muscle status. Of note, 90% of the most discriminant oxylipins werederived from EPA and DHA and were increased in the sarcopenic subjects. The oxylipinssignatures of sarcopenic subjects revealed subtle activation of inflammatory resolutionpathways, coagulation processes and oxidative stress and the inhibition of angiogenesis. Heatmaps highlighted relationships between oxylipins and the cardiometabolic health parameterswhich were mainly lost in sarcopenic subjects.This exploratory study supports that targeted metabolomics of oxylipins could provide relevantand subtle characterization of early disturbances associated with muscle-loss during aging.
Published: 2019

27. Persistent low body weight in humans is associated with higher mitochondrial activity in white adipose tissue

Author: Léonard Féasson, Alice Matone, John Corthésy, Nele Gheldof, Loïc Dayon, Jérôme Carayol, Francois Casteillo, Virginie Alexandre, Christophe Montaurier, Aline Charpagne, Carles Cantó, Kaori Minehira, Natacha Germain, Radu Palaghiu, Yiin Ling, Bogdan Galusca, Antonio Núñez Galindo, Patrick Descombes, Michel Peoc'h, Jörg Hager, Irene Vassallo, Sylviane Metairon, Frederic Raymond, Ornella Cominetti, Yves Boirie, Bruno Estour, Endocrinologie, diabète et maladies métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), EA 7423, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne, Université Jean Monnet (Saint-Etienne), Nestlé Research Center, Metabolic Health, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Quartzbio, Proteomics, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Genomics, Biotec, Dresden, Chirurgie, CHU Metz-Hôpital Bon Secours, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Nestlé Research Center | Centre de recherche Nestlé [Lausanne], Nestlé S.A., Nestlé S.A.-Nestlé S.A., Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Pathologie, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adipose Tissue, White, Adipocytes, White, Medicine (miscellaneous), Adipose tissue, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, White adipose tissue, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Overnutrition, proteomics, transcriptome analysis, white adipose tissue, Thinness, Internal medicine, Weight management, medicine, Humans, Beta oxidation, 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, constitutional thinness, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, medicine.disease, Lipids, Mitochondria, Original Research Communications, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Case-Control Studies, Female, medicine.symptom, business, futile lipid cycling, Energy Intake, Transcriptome, Body mass index, Weight gain, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, respiration, Dieting
Abstract: Epub ahead of print; BACKGROUND:Constitutional thinness (CT) is a state of low but stable body weight (BMI ≤18 kg/m2). CT subjects have normal-range hormonal profiles and food intake but exhibit resistance to weight gain despite living in the modern world's obesogenic environment.OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study is to identify molecular mechanisms underlying this protective phenotype against weight gain.METHODS:We conducted a clinical overfeeding study on 30 CT subjects and 30 controls (BMI 20-25 kg/m2) matched for age and sex. We performed clinical and integrative molecular and transcriptomic analyses on white adipose and muscle tissues.RESULTS:Our results demonstrate that adipocytes were markedly smaller in CT individuals (mean ± SEM: 2174 ± 142 μm 2) compared with controls (3586 ± 216 μm2) (P < 0.01). The mitochondrial respiratory capacity was higher in CT adipose tissue, particularly at the level of complex II of the electron transport chain (2.2-fold increase; P < 0.01). This higher activity was paralleled by an increase in mitochondrial number (CT compared with control: 784 ± 27 compared with 675 ± 30 mitochondrial DNA molecules per cell; P < 0.05). No evidence for uncoupled respiration or "browning" of the white adipose tissue was found. In accordance with the mitochondrial differences, CT subjects had a distinct adipose transcriptomic profile [62 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate of 0.1 and log fold change >0.75)], with many differentially expressed genes associating with positive metabolic outcomes. Pathway analyses revealed an increase in fatty acid oxidation ( P = 3 × 10-04) but also triglyceride biosynthesis (P = 3.6 × 10-04). No differential response to the overfeeding was observed in the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:The distinct molecular signature of the adipose tissue in CT individuals suggests the presence of augm ented futile lipid cycling, rather than mitochondrial uncoupling, as a way to increase energy expenditure in CT individuals. We propose that increased mitochondrial function in adipose tissue is an important mediator in sustaining the low body weight in CT individuals. This knowledge could ultimately allow more targeted approaches for weight management treatment strategies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02004821.
Published: 2019

28. In-silico pre-clinical trials are made possible by a new simple and comprehensive lumbar belt mechanical model based on the Law of Laplace including support deformation and adhesion effects

Author: Reynald Convert, Paul Calmels, Jérôme Molimard, Woo Suck Han, Rébecca Bonnaire, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Thuasne, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, Bending, Physiology, 02 engineering and technology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Stiffness, Abdomen, Medicine and Health Sciences, Musculoskeletal System, Body mass index, Lumbar Vertebrae, Multidisciplinary, Deformation (mechanics), Physics, Classical Mechanics, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Structural engineering, Middle Aged, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Deformation, 3. Good health, Physiological Parameters, Physical Sciences, Lordosis, Bending moment, Medicine, Female, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, Geology, Research Article, Adult, Body shape, Science, Materials Science, Material Properties, 0206 medical engineering, Pain, Geometry, Curvature, Models, Biological, Signs and Symptoms, Lumbar, Diagnostic Medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Mechanical Properties, Lower back pain, Damage Mechanics, business.industry, Body Weight, Lumbosacral Region, technology, industry, and agriculture, Biology and Life Sciences, equipment and supplies, 020601 biomedical engineering, Trunk, Spine, business, Low Back Pain, human activities, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Lower back pain is a major public health problem. Despite claims that lumbar belts change spinal posture due to applied pressure on the trunk, no mechanical model has yet been published to prove this treatment. This paper describes a first model for belt design, based on the one hand on the mechanical properties of the fabrics and the belt geometry, and on the other hand on the trunk geometrical and mechanical description. The model provides the estimation of the pressure applied to the trunk, and a unique indicator of the belt mechanical efficiency is proposed: pressure is integrated into a bending moment characterizing the belt delordosing action on the spine. A first in-silico clinical study of belt efficiency for 15 patients with 2 different belts was conducted. Results are very dependent on the body shape: in the case of high BMI patients, the belt effect is significantly decreased, and can be even inverted, increasing the lordosis. The belt stiffness proportionally increases the pressure applied to the trunk, but the influence of the design itself on the bending moment is clearly outlined. Moreover, the belt/trunk interaction, modeled as sticking contact and the specific way patients lock their belts, dramatically modifies the belt action. Finally, even if further developments and tests are still necessary, the model presented in this paper seems suitable for in-silico pre-clinical trials on real body shapes at a design stage.
Published: 2019

29. Reduced fibre size, capillary supply and mitochondrial activity in constitutional thinness' skeletal muscle

Author: Yiin Ling, Emmanuelle Meugnier, Julien Verney, Bruno Estour, Pascal Edouard, Hubert Vidal, Léonard Féasson, Bogdan Galusca, M. Ravelojaona, Natacha Germain, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques - Clermont Auvergne (AME2P), Faculté des Sciences du SportFaculté des Sciences du Sport, UFR STAPS-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet (Saint-Etienne), Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares Rhône-Alpes, Unité de Myologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Service de physiologie clinique, unité de myologie, CHU Saint-Etienne, French Health Ministry regional grant 0908019, GlaxoSmithKline France Funds, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Respiratory chain, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Downregulation and upregulation, skeletal muscle fibres, Internal medicine, mitochondrial respiration, Myokine, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Humans, Myocyte, Cytochrome c oxidase, Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, biology, constitutional thinness, business.industry, Body Weight, Skeletal muscle, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, energy balance, Mitochondria, Muscle, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Case-Control Studies, Basal metabolic rate, Body Composition, biology.protein, Myokines, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: International audience; Aim Constitutional thinness (CT) is a rare condition of natural low body weight, with no psychological issues, no marker of undernutrition and a resistance to weight gain. This study evaluated the skeletal muscle phenotype of CT women by comparison with a normal BMI control group. MethodsResultsTen CT women (BMI
Published: 2018

30. The genetic basis of asymptomatic codon 8 frame-shift (HBB:c25_26delAA) β0-thalassaemia homozygotes

Author: Sule Unal, Bernard G. Forget, Nejat Akar, Martin H. Steinberg, A. Nazli Basak, Fatma Gumruk, Catherine Badens, Patrick G. Gallagher, Leonor Osorio, Serge Pissard, Nasir A. S. Al-Allawi, Roger Théberge, Andrew D. Campbell, John J. Farrell, Zhihua Jiang, Suchada Riolueang, Philippe Joly, Hong-Yuan Luo, Shengwen Huang, Katherine A. Benson, Vip Viprakasit, Lance Davis, David H.K. Chui, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU)-Boston University [Boston] (BU), Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Genetique, UPEC (Universite' Paris Est Creteil), Laboratoire de Genetique, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Genes, myb, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dizygotic twin, Quantitative Trait Loci, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, HBG2, Frameshift mutation, Loss of heterozygosity, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Polymorphism (computer science), hemic and lymphatic diseases, Fetal hemoglobin, Diseases in Twins, Twins, Dizygotic, medicine, Humans, Frameshift Mutation, Fetal Hemoglobin, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, Homozygote, beta-Thalassemia, Nuclear Proteins, Beta thalassemia, Hematology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Repressor Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Female, Carrier Proteins
Abstract: Two 21-year old dizygotic twin men of Iraqi descent were homozygous for HBB codon 8, deletion of two nucleotides (-AA) frame-shift β(0) -thalassaemia mutation (FSC8; HBB:c25_26delAA). Both were clinically well, had splenomegaly, and were never transfused. They had mild microcytic anaemia (Hb 120-130 g/l) and 98% of their haemoglobin was fetal haemoglobin (HbF). Both were carriers of Hph α-thalassaemia mutation. On the three major HbF quantitative trait loci (QTL), the twins were homozygous for G>A HBG2 Xmn1 site at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7482144, homozygous for 3-bp deletion HBS1L-MYB intergenic polymorphism (HMIP) at rs66650371, and heterozygous for the A>C BCL11A intron 2 polymorphism at rs766432. These findings were compared with those found in 22 other FSC8 homozygote patients: four presented with thalassaemia intermedia phenotype, and 18 were transfusion dependent. The inheritance of homozygosity for HMIP 3-bp deletion at rs66650371 and heterozygosity for Hph α-thalassaemia mutation was found in the twins and not found in any of the other 22 patients. Further studies are needed to uncover likely additional genetic variants that could contribute to the exceptionally high HbF levels and mild phenotype in these twins.
Published: 2016

31. Inflammatory Response 24 h Post-Exercise in Youth with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author: Christophe Hourdé, Stéphane Echaubard, Emmanuelle Rochette, Pascale Duché, Etienne Merlin, Bruno Peraira, Bertrand Evrard, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé (IAPS), Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arthritis, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Systemic inflammation, Gastroenterology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytokine Receptor gp130, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pain Measurement, biology, Venous blood, Disease Progression, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Adolescent, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Juvenile, Humans, Exercise physiology, Interleukin 6, Exercise, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, business.industry, Interleukin-6, 030229 sport sciences, Dehydroepiandrosterone, medicine.disease, Receptors, Interleukin-6, Arthritis, Juvenile, biology.protein, Calprotectin, business, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: The aim of this study was to measure the impact, at 24 h post-exercise, of a single exercise bout on plasma inflammatory markers such as calprotectin, IL-6, sIL-6 R, sgp130 and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Twelve children with JIA attended the laboratory on three consecutive days (control day, exercise day and 24 h post-exercise), including a 20-min exercise bout on a cycle-ergometer at 70% of max. HR at 8:30 a.m. on day 2. Plasma concentrations of calprotectin, IL-6, sIL-6 R, sgp130, cortisol, ACTH and DHEA were measured on venous blood samples taken every day.at rest and at 8:30, 8:50, 9:30, 10:30 a.m. and 12:00, 3:00, 5:30 p.m.A single exercise bout increased plasma calprotectin 1.7-fold (pPhysical activity in children with JIA results in a slight transient systemic inflammation but seems to be followed by counter-regulation at 24 h post-exercise with a decrease in proinflammatory markers.
Published: 2018

32. Descriptive pilot study of vividness and temporal equivalence during motor imagery training after quadriplegia

Author: Christian Collet, Gilles Rode, Sébastien Mateo, Karen T. Reilly, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-forme Mouvement et handicap [Hôpital Henry Gabrielle - Lyon], Hôpital Henry Gabrielle [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), This research was supported by a grant from the Hospital Clinical Research Program (HCRP-2008-541/42), from the Nursing and Paramedical Hospital Research Program (PHRIP-16-0605), from the Labex/Idex (ANR-11-LABX-0042) and IHU CeSaMe (ANR-10-IBHU-0003)., ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Construction, Fonction Cognitive et Réhabilitation du Cerveau(2011), ANR-10-IBHU-0003,CESAME,CESAME(2010), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), ANR-10-IBHU-0003,CESAME,Institut Cerveau et Santé Mentale(2010), Chautard, Marie-Gabrielle, PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE - - Avenir L.S.E.2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0007 - IDEX - VALID, Instituts Hospitalo-Universitaires B - Institut Cerveau et Santé Mentale - - CESAME2010 - ANR-10-IBHU-0003 - IBHU - VALID, and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Tenodesis grasp, Tetraplegia, 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Vividness, Visual analogue scale, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pilot Projects, Quadriplegia, Mental practice, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Motor imagery, Mental chronometry, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Equivalence (measure theory), Kinesthesis, Physical Therapy Modalities, Rehabilitation, Kinesthetic learning, medicine.disease, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Case-Control Studies, Imagination, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychomotor Performance, Mental image
Abstract: Background Motor imagery (MI) training is often used to improve physical practice (PP), and the functional equivalence between imagined and practiced movements is widely considered essential for positive training outcomes. Objective We previously showed that a 5-week MI training program improved tenodesis grasp in individuals with C6–C7 quadriplegia. Here we investigated whether functional equivalence changed during the course of this training program. Methods In this descriptive pilot study, we retrospectively analyzed data for 6 individuals with C6–C7 quadriplegia (spinal cord injured [SCI]) and 6 healthy age-matched controls who trained for 5 weeks in visual and kinesthetic motor imagery or visualization of geometric shapes (controls). Before training, we assessed MI ability by using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). We analyzed functional equivalence by vividness measured on a visual analog scale (0–100) and MI/PP time ratios computed from imagined and physically practiced movement durations measured during MI training. These analyses were re-run considering that half of the participants with quadriplegia were good imagers and the other half were poor imagers based on KVIQ scores. To investigate generalization of training effects, we analyzed MI/PP ratios for an untrained pointing task before (3 baseline measures), immediately after, and 2 months after training. Results During MI training, imagery vividness increased significantly. Only the good imagers evolved toward temporal equivalence during training. Good imagers were also the only participants who showed changes in temporal equivalence on the untrained pointing task. Conclusion This is the first study reporting improvement in functional equivalence during an MI training program that improved tenodesis grasp in individuals with C6–C7 quadriplegia. We recommend that clinical MI programs focus primarily on vividness and suggest that feedback about movement duration could potentially improve temporal equivalence, which could in turn lead to further improvement in PP.
Published: 2018

33. Feasibility of an exercise and nutritional intervention for weight management during adjuvant treatment for localized breast cancer: the PASAPAS randomized controlled trial

Author: Valérie Bourne-Branchu, Thomas Bachelot, Magali Morelle, Patrick Bachmann, Anne-Sophie Kempf-Lépine, Cédric Baudinet, Séverine Guillemaut, Sophie E. Berthouze, David Pérol, Eric Reynes, Elodie Grinand, Marina Touillaud, Julien Carretier, Paul Rebattu, Lionel Perrier, Aude-Marie Foucaut, Pierre-Etienne Heudel, Renaud Meyrand, Olivier Tredan, Sylvie Chabaud, Séverine Metzger, Béatrice Fervers, Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de Santé (LEPS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire sur les Vulnérabilités et l'Innovation dans le Sport (EA 7428) (L-VIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 2010-228/VO-HO, Institut National Du Cancer, PME 2010-2011, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 2010-15024, Fondation de France, CIFRE/ANRT 426/2010, Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie, CLARA Programme structurant 2010, Cancéropôle Lyon Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Breast Neoplasms, Overweight, Weight Gain, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Randomized controlled trial, law, Weight management, medicine, Aerobic exercise, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Obesity, Exercise, Nutrition, Aged, business.industry, Physical activity, Anthropometry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 3. Good health, Exercise Therapy, Clinical trial, Oncology, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical therapy, Body Composition, Feasibility Studies, Patient Compliance, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Dieting
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: Lack of physical activity (PA), weight gain, and overweight have been associated with increased risk of recurrence and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. We evaluated the feasibility of implementing an individualized exercise program and nutritional counseling during adjuvant treatment of localized invasive breast cancer. METHODS: Sixty-one patients eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy were randomized 2:1 to receive a 6-month program of weekly aerobic exercises associated with nutritional counseling (n = 41) or usual care with nutritional counseling (n = 20, one withdrawal). The primary endpoints were the proportion of patients compliant with two weekly supervised sessions and their overall adherence (i.e., proportion of supervised and unsupervised sessions completed versus planned sessions). RESULTS: Ten percent of patients in the intervention group were compliant with the two weekly supervised sessions for 6 months, but the overall median adherence rate was 85% of supervised and non-supervised sessions completed. Non-adherence was mainly due to intrinsic reasons (medical, organizational, psychological barriers). Adherence was positively associated with education and baseline PA level and inversely associated with baseline weight and tumor grade. No statistically significant benefits were observed in the intervention group, even if overall PA level and body composition improved and anthropometrics were maintained over time (p \textless 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there was good adherence with the 6-month exercise program during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, despite poor compliance to twice-weekly supervised sessions. This study highlights the need for flexible exercise modalities and innovative experimental design to reach patients who would most adhere and benefit from intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01331772. Registered 8 April 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01331772?term=pasapas&rank=1.
Published: 2018

34. Heterogeneity of energy metabolism within the tibialis anterior: is it just an outcome of a specific muscle activation, architecture and composition?

Author: Alexandre Fouré, Charlotte Gineste, Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Phosphocreatine, Physiology, Journal Club, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Energy metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Chemistry, Skeletal muscle, Muscle activation, Recovery of Function, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oxygen, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Muscle, Oxidative capacity, Composition (visual arts), Energy Metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: KEY POINTS: During exercise skeletal muscles use the energy buffer phosphocreatine. The post‐exercise recovery of phosphocreatine is a measure of the oxidative capacity of muscles and is traditionally assessed by (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a large tissue region, assuming homogeneous energy metabolism. To test this assumption, we collected spatially resolved spectra along the length of human tibialis anterior using a home‐built array of (31)P detection coils, and observed a striking gradient in the recovery rate of phosphocreatine, decreasing along the proximo‐distal axis of the muscle. A similar gradient along this muscle was observed in signal changes recorded by (1)H muscle functional MRI. These findings identify intra‐muscular variation in the physiology of muscles in action and highlight the importance of localized sampling for any methodology investigating oxidative metabolism of this, and potentially other muscles. ABSTRACT: The rate of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery (k (PCr)) after exercise, characterizing muscle oxidative capacity, is traditionally assessed with unlocalized (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) using a single surface coil. However, because of intramuscular variation in fibre type and oxygen supply, k (PCr) may be non‐uniform within muscles. We tested this along the length of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in 10 male volunteers. For this purpose, we employed a 3T MR system with a (31)P/(1)H volume transmit coil combined with a home‐built (31)P phased‐array receive probe, consisting of five coil elements covering the TA muscle length. Mono‐exponential k (PCr) was determined for all coil elements after 40 s of submaximal isometric dorsiflexion (SUBMAX) and incremental exercise to exhaustion (EXH). In addition, muscle functional MRI ((1)H mfMRI) was performed using the volume coil after another 40 s of SUBMAX. A strong gradient in k (PCr) was observed along the TA (P
Published: 2018

35. The sensory origin of the sense of effort is context-dependent

Author: Florian Monjo, Jonathan Shemmell, Nicolas Forestier, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] )
Subjects: Adult, Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), Sensory system, Isometric exercise, Vibration, Functional Laterality, Task (project management), 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, Elbow Joint, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Spindles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Proprioception, Electromyography, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Efference copy, 030229 sport sciences, Test effort, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Female, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: The origin of the sense of effort has been debated for several decades and there is still no consensus among researchers regarding the underlying neural mechanisms. Some advocate that effort perception mainly arises from an efference copy originating within the brain while others believe that it is predominantly carried by muscle afferent signals. To move the debate forward, we here tested the hypothesis that there is not one but several senses of effort which depend on the way it is evaluated. For this purpose, we used two different psychophysical tests designed to test effort perception in elbow flexors. One was a bilateral isometric force-matching task in which subjects were asked to direct similar amounts of effort toward their two arms, while the other consisted of a unilateral voluntary isometric contraction in which subjects had to rate their perceived effort using a Borg scale. Throughout two distinct experiments, effort perception was evaluated before and following different tendon vibration protocols intended to differentially desensitize muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, and to affect the gain between the central effort and muscle contraction intensity. By putting all the results together, we found that spindle afferents played divergent roles across tasks. Namely, while they only acted as modulators of motor pathway excitability during the bilateral task, they clearly intervened as the predominant psychobiological signal of effort perception during the unilateral task. Therefore, the sensory origin of the sense of effort is not central or peripheral. Rather, it is context-dependent.
Published: 2018

36. Muscle spindle thixotropy affects force perception through afferent-induced facilitation of the motor pathways as revealed by the Kohnstamm effect

Author: Nicolas Forestier, Florian Monjo, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Thixotropy, media_common.quotation_subject, Muscle spindle, Isometric exercise, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Perception, Isometric Contraction, medicine, Humans, Muscle Strength, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Spindles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Mathematics, Proprioception, Electromyography, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Motor Pathways, Biomechanical Phenomena, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Facilitation, Conditioning, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: This study was designed to explore the effects of intrafusal thixotropy, a property affecting muscle spindle sensitivity, on the sense of force. For this purpose, psychophysical measurements of force perception were performed using an isometric force matching paradigm of elbow flexors consisting of matching different force magnitudes (5, 10 and 20% of subjects' maximal voluntary force). We investigated participants' capacity to match these forces after their indicator arm had undergone voluntary isometric conditioning contractions known to alter spindle thixotropy, i.e., contractions performed at long ('hold long') or short muscle lengths ('hold short'). In parallel, their reference arm was conditioned at the intermediate muscle length ('hold-test') at which the matchings were performed. The thixotropy hypothesis predicts that estimation errors should only be observed at low force levels (up to 10% of the maximal voluntary force) with overestimation of the forces produced following 'hold short' conditioning and underestimation following 'hold long' conditioning. We found the complete opposite, especially following 'hold-short' conditioning where subjects underestimated the force they generated with similar relative error magnitudes across force levels. In a second experiment, we tested the hypothesis that estimation errors depended on the degree of afferent-induced facilitation using the Kohnstamm phenomenon as a probe of motor pathway excitability. Because the stronger post-effects were observed following 'hold-short' conditioning, it appears that the conditioning-induced excitation of spindle afferents leads to force misjudgments by introducing a decoupling between the central effort and the cortical motor outputs.
Published: 2018

37. Scapular kinematics during scaption in competitive swimmers

Author: J. Selin, Benoit Gillet, Yoann Blache, Violaine Sevrez, Isabelle Rogowski, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Shoulder, Adolescent, Rotation, Skill level, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Range of Motion, Articular, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Swimming, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Biomechanical Phenomena, Scapula, Scapular kinematics, business, Scapular dyskinesis
Abstract: This study aimed (1) to describe and compare scapular kinematics between three groups of swimmers of different levels and a group of non-swimmers, and (2) to assess whether swimming practice alters the asymmetries in scapular kinematics between the dominant and non-dominant sides, both during unilateral arm raising and lowering in the scapular plane. Scapular kinematics were assessed bilaterally during arm raising and lowering in the scapular plane using an electromagnetic system in 42 healthy males, which were split into four groups: control (n = 11), adolescent elite swimmers (n = 11), adult elite swimmers (n = 10), and club-level adult swimmers (n = 10). One-Way ANOVA SPM(t) on two repeated measures showed that the three groups of swimmers had more protracted shoulder between 30° and 90° of arm raising and lowering (p .001). The three groups of swimmers presented no bilateral difference in scapular upward rotation, while the dominant scapula was more upwardly rotated than the non-dominant one between 74° and 104° of arm elevation in the control group (p .001). The scapula of adult elite swimmers was more internally rotated between 67° and 116° of humeral elevation during arm raising, and between 81° and 54° during arm lowering in comparison to the other swimming and control groups (p ≤ .02), who presented similar scapular positioning in internal rotation. In conclusion, the findings of the study pointed out that swimming practice generated protracted shoulders and removed bilateral differences in scapular upward rotation during scaption, while accumulation of swimming practice at elite level enlarged scapular internal rotation.
Published: 2018

38. Single Bout Exercise in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Impact on Inflammatory Markers

Author: Evrard Bertrand, Duché Pascale, Pereira Bruno, Rochette Emmanuelle, Echaubard Stéphane, Merlin Etienne, Hourdé Christophe, Pédiatrie Générale Multidisciplinaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, Unité CRECHE, Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1405 (CIC), Université d'Auvergne (Clermont Ferrand 1) (UdA), Centre d’Investigation Clinique (CIC), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques - Clermont Auvergne (AME2P), Faculté des Sciences du SportFaculté des Sciences du Sport, UFR STAPS-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service d’Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Montpied, Délégation de la Recherche Clinique et Innovations, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (AOI 2015), Emmanuelle, Rochette, CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé (IAPS), and Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Male, Arthritis, marqueur, Body Mass Index, activité physique, 0302 clinical medicine, physical exercise, Immunologie, Cytokine Receptor gp130, Child, maladie inflammatoire, enfant, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Venous blood, inflammatory disease, juvénile, Area Under Curve, Alimentation et Nutrition, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, medicine.symptom, arthrite, lcsh:RB1-214, medicine.medical_specialty, Evening, Article Subject, Adolescent, Immunology, Inflammation, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, children, Internal medicine, medicine, lcsh:Pathology, Food and Nutrition, Humans, Pain Management, Interleukin 6, Exercise, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, marker, Leg, business.industry, Interleukin-6, 030229 sport sciences, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Receptors, Interleukin-6, Arthritis, Juvenile, biology.protein, Calprotectin, business, Body mass index, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Objective. In a context of inflammatory disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), we do not know what impact physical activity may have on a deregulated immune system. The objective is to measure the impact of a single bout of exercise on plasma inflammatory markers such as calprotectin, IL-6, sIL-6R, sgp130, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Methods. Twelve children with JIA performed a nonexercise control day and a consecutive day that included a 20 min exercise bout at 70% of max-HR at 08:30 am. Venous blood samples were taken at 08:30, 08:50, 09:30, 10:30 am, and 12:00 pm to measure plasma concentrations of calprotectin, IL-6, sIL-6R, sgp130, cortisol, and ACTH. Pain was evaluated at 08:30, 08:50 am, and 06:00 pm. Results. There was a transient twofold increase in postexercise self-evaluated pain (p=0.03) that disappeared in the evening. A single bout of exercise resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in plasma calprotectin (p<0.001) but not IL-6 and its soluble receptors. Calprotectin levels returned to baseline within 3 hours after cessation of exercise. Conclusion. Acute exercise in children with JIA induced slightly musculoskeletal leg pain and transient increased plasma calprotectin levels but not IL-6 levels. Trial registration in ClinicalTrials.gov, reference number NCT 02502539, registered on 29 May 2015.
Published: 2018

39. Methodological Considerations on the Relationship Between the 1,500-M Rowing Ergometer Performance and Vertical Jump in National-Level Adolescent Rowers

Author: Hugo Maciejewski, Pierre Samozino, Frédéric Chorin, Sébastien Ratel, Abderrahmane Rahmani, Julien Lardy, Motricité, interaction, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques - Clermont Auvergne (AME2P), Faculté des Sciences du SportFaculté des Sciences du Sport, UFR STAPS-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Ergometry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rowing, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Athletic Performance, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Vertical jump, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Squat jump, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, National level, Power output, Young male, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Water Sports, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Jump, Exercise Test, Training program
Abstract: Maciejewski, H, Rahmani, A, Chorin, F, Lardy, J, Samozino, P, and Ratel, S. Methodological considerations on the relationship between the 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance and vertical jump in national-level adolescent rowers. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3000-3007, 2019-The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 3 different approaches for evaluating squat jump performance were correlated with rowing ergometer performance in elite adolescent rowers. Fourteen young male competitive rowers (15.3 ± 0.6 years), who took part in the French rowing national championships, performed a 1,500-m all-out rowing ergometer performance (P1500) and a squat jump (SJ) test. The performance in SJ was determined by calculating the jump height (HSJ in cm), a jump index (ISJ = HSJ·body mass·gravity, in J), and the mean power output (PSJ in W) from the Samozino et al.'s method. Furthermore, allometric modeling procedures were used to consider the importance of body mass (BM) in the relationships between P1500 and jump scores. P1500 was significantly correlated with HSJ (r = 0.29, p ≤ 0.05), ISJ (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001), and PSJ (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, BM explained at least 96% of the relationships between SJ and rowing performances. However, the similarity between both allometric exponents for PSJ and P1500 (1.15 and 1.04, respectively) indicates that BM could influence jump and rowing ergometer performances at the same rate, and that PSJ could be the best correlate of P1500. Therefore, the calculation of power seems to be more relevant than HSJ and ISJ to (a) evaluate jump performance and (b) infer the capacity of adolescent rowers to perform 1,500-m all-out rowing ergometer performance, irrespective of their body mass. This could help coaches to improve their training program and potentially identify talented young rowers.
Published: 2018

40. Muscle function in glenohumeral joint stability during lifting task

Author: Mickaël Begon, Benjamin Michaud, Paul Allard, Yoann Blache, Landry Desmoulins, Fabien Dal Maso, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laboratoire Adaptation Perceptivo-Motrice et Apprentissage (LAPMA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Blache, Yoann, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Male, Muscle Physiology, Lifting, Muscle Functions, Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Electromyography, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomechanics, lcsh:Science, Musculoskeletal System, Mathematics, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Shoulder Joint, Muscles, Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Female, medicine.symptom, Anatomy, Muscle Electrophysiology, Muscle contraction, Research Article, Muscle Contraction, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Shoulders, 0206 medical engineering, Shear force, Joint stability, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Humerus, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Muscle, Skeletal, Skeleton, lcsh:R, Electrophysiological Techniques, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Biology and Life Sciences, 030229 sport sciences, 020601 biomedical engineering, Joints (Anatomy), Rotator Cuff Muscles, Shoulder joint, lcsh:Q, Musculoskeletal Mechanics, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Ensuring glenohumeral stability during repetitive lifting tasks is a key factor to reduce the risk of shoulder injuries. Nevertheless, the literature reveals some lack concerning the assessment of the muscles that ensure glenohumeral stability during specific lifting tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the stabilization function of shoulder muscles during a lifting task. Kinematics and muscle electromyograms (n = 9) were recorded from 13 healthy adults during a bi-manual lifting task performed from the hip to the shoulder level. A generic upper-limb OpenSim model was implemented to simulate gleno-humeral stability and instability by performing static optimizations with and without gleno-humeral stability constraints. This procedure enabled to compute the level of shoulder muscle activity and forces in the two conditions. Without the stability constraint, the simulated movement was unstable during 74%±16% of the time. The force of the supraspinatus was significantly increased of 107% (p
Published: 2017

41. Downregulation of myostatin pathway in neuromuscular diseases may explain challenges of anti-myostatin therapeutic approaches

Author: Thomas Voit, R. Joubert, Julie Dumonceaux, Laurent Servais, Caroline Bogni, Michael G. Hanna, Ana Buj-Bello, Tanya Stojkovic, Christophe Hourdé, Rozen Le Panse, Olivier Benvensite, Thierry Maisonobe, Pedro Machado, Francesco Muntoni, Léonard Féasson, Virginie Mariot, Immunologie et génétique du diabète de type 1, génétique multifactorielle en endocrinologie pédiatrique (U986), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Social and Community Medicine School, University of Bristol [Bristol], Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH)-Institute of Child Health, Fédération de Neurophysiologie clinique, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Service of Clinical Trials and Databases, Institut de Myologie, GENETHON, Genethon, Centre de recherche en myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Généthon, Evry, Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), UMR9196, Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Unité de Recherche PPEH, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Imperial College London, Service de Neurophysiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Généthon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Genetics [Cambridge], Institute of Child Health-Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Unité de recherches Avicoles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiologie et physiopathologie des rétrovirus endogènes et infectieux (RETRO-ENDO), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Follistatin, Myotubularin, Activin Receptors, Type II, General Physics and Astronomy, Myostatin, Bioinformatics, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Science, Wasting, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mice, Knockout, Regulation of gene expression, Multidisciplinary, biology, Neuromuscular Diseases, Activin receptor, Middle Aged, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor, musculoskeletal system, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, medicine.symptom, Myopathies, Structural, Congenital, Adult, Science, Down-Regulation, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Downregulation and upregulation, medicine, Animals, Humans, business.industry, Skeletal muscle, General Chemistry, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Muscular dystrophies are characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscle tissues. Several drugs targeting the myostatin pathway have been used in clinical trials to increase muscle mass and function but most showed limited efficacy. Here we show that the expression of components of the myostatin signaling pathway is downregulated in muscle wasting or atrophying diseases, with a decrease of myostatin and activin receptor, and an increase of the myostatin antagonist, follistatin. We also provide in vivo evidence in the congenital myotubular myopathy mouse model (knock-out for the myotubularin coding gene Mtm1) that a down-regulated myostatin pathway can be reactivated by correcting the underlying gene defect. Our data may explain the poor clinical efficacy of anti-myostatin approaches in several of the clinical studies and the apparent contradictory results in mice regarding the efficacy of anti-myostatin approaches and may inform patient selection and stratification for future trials., Drugs targeting myostatin reverse muscle wasting in animal models, but have limited efficacy in patients. The authors show that the myostatin pathway is downregulated in patients, possibly explaining the poor outcome of anti-myostatin approaches, and that it can be reactivated by correcting disease-causing mutations in mice.
Published: 2017

42. Electrically-induced muscle fatigue affects feedforward mechanisms of control

Author: N. Forestier, F. Monjo, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Movement, medicine.medical_treatment, Posture, Safety margin, Electromyography, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Isometric Contraction, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Lead (electronics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Rehabilitation, medicine.diagnostic_test, Muscle fatigue, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Feed forward, Healthy subjects, Motor control, 030229 sport sciences, Electric Stimulation, Sensory Systems, Neurology, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Muscle Fatigue, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of focal muscle fatigue induced by electromyostimulation (EMS) on Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) during arm flexions performed at maximal velocity. Methods Fifteen healthy subjects performed self-paced arm flexions at maximal velocity before and after the completion of fatiguing electromyostimulation programs involving the medial and anterior deltoids and aiming to degrade movement peak acceleration. APA timing and magnitude were measured using surface electromyography. Results Following muscle fatigue, despite a lower mechanical disturbance evidenced by significant decreased peak accelerations (−12%, p p >.11 for all analyses). Conclusion The fatigue signals evoked by externally-generated contractions seem to be gated by the Central Nervous System and result in postural strategy changes which aim to increase the postural safety margin. Significance EMS is widely used in rehabilitation and training programs for its neuromuscular function-related benefits. However and from a motor control viewpoint, the present results show that the use of EMS can lead to acute inaccuracies in predictive motor control. We propose that clinicians should investigate the chronic and global effects of EMS on motor control.
Published: 2015

43. Endurance training reduces exercise-induced acidosis and improves muscle function in a mouse model of sickle cell disease

Author: David Bendahan, Vincent Pialoux, Laurent Messonnier, Christophe Vilmen, Monique Bernard, Philippe Noirez, Benjamin Chatel, Quentin Barge, Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Savoie, Chambery, and University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice (LPE), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, and Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cell, Physical activity, Mice, Transgenic, Disease, Anemia, Sickle Cell, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Hemoglobins, Mice, Endocrinology, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Endurance training, Internal medicine, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Acidosis, business.industry, Disease Models, Animal, Endurance Training, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Ph regulation, Muscle Fatigue, medicine.symptom, business, Oxidative stress, Function (biology)
Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) mice (Townes model of SCD) presented exacerbated exercise-induced acidosis and fatigability as compared to control animals. We hypothesize that endurance training could represent a valuable approach to reverse these muscle defects. Endurance-trained HbAA (HbAA-END, n=10), HbAS (HbAS-END, n=11) and HbSS (HbSS-END, n=8) mice were compared to their sedentary counterparts (10 HbAA-SED, 10 HbAS-SED and 9 HbSS-SED mice) during two rest - exercise - recovery protocols during which muscle energetics and function were measured. In vitro analyses of some proteins involved in muscle energetics, pH regulation and oxidative stress were also performed. Exercise-induced acidosis was lower in HbSS-END mice as compared to their sedentary counterparts during both moderate (p0.001) and intense (p0.1) protocols. The total force production measured during both protocols was higher in trained mice compared to sedentary animals. In vitro analyses revealed that enolase/citrate synthase ratio was reduced in HbSS-END (p0.001) and HbAS-END (p0.01) mice compared to their sedentary counterparts. In addition, malondialdehyde concentration was reduced in trained mice (p0.05). In conclusion, endurance training would reverse the more pronounced exercise-induced acidosis, reduce oxidative stress and ameliorate some of the muscle function parameters in SCD mice.
Published: 2017

44. HORMONAL (CORTICAL-GONADOTROPIC AXIS) AND PHYSICAL CHANGES WITH TWO YEARS INTENSE EXERCISE TRAINING IN ELITE YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

Author: Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Wiem Kebsi, Mohamed Ali Hammami, Adam Owen, Anthony C. Hackney, Amar Nebigh, Ghazi Racil, Hassane Zouhal, Zouhair Tabka, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Université de Sousse, École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, football, Adolescent, Hydrocortisone, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical fitness, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Athletic Performance, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex hormone-binding globulin, Heart Rate, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Internal medicine, Soccer, Humans, Medicine, Body Weights and Measures, Testosterone, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Exercise, soccer training, elite-youth academy, biology, hormones, business.industry, Power performance, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Anthropometry, Control subjects, Endocrinology, Sprint, Physical Fitness, biology.protein, Physical therapy, Seasons, business, Anaerobic exercise, human activities, performances, Hormone
Abstract: International audience; Hammami, MA, Ben Abderrahman, A, Hackney, AC, Kebsi, W, Owen, AL, Nebigh, A, Racil, G, Tabka, Z, and Zouhal, H. Hormonal (cortical-gonadotropic axis) and physical changes with two years intense exercise training in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2388-2397, 2017-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 soccer-training seasons on physical fitness and hormone concentrations in elite youth soccer players. Twenty male elite soccer players (SP, age 14.5 ± 0.4 years) and 20 male control subjects (CS, age 14.3 ± 0.3 years) participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements, aerobic (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 [YYIRT1]) and anaerobic soccer relevant performances (jump and sprint tests), blood testosterone (T), cortisol (C), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and T/C ratio were assessed 5 times (from T0 to T4) during 2 competitive seasons. Significant differences from basal values (Δ) of T, SHBG, and C between SP and CS were observed (p < 0.01). Additionally, T and T/C ratio changes were positively correlated with physical performance (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, as expected, higher T concentration and greater power performance were observed in the soccer players group compared with controls. Our findings also show that the T concentrations and power performance outcomes co-vary positively over the 2 soccer seasons in soccer players.
Published: 2017

45. Redox Control of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Author: Le Moal, Emmeran, Pialoux, Vincent, Juban, Gaëtan, Groussard, Carole, Zouhal, Hassane, Chazaud, Bénédicte, Mounier, Rémi, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Wound Healing, muscle stem cells, Comprehensive Invited Review, skeletal muscle regeneration, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Humans, Regeneration, oxidative stress, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Muscle, Skeletal, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidation-Reduction, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Skeletal muscle shows high plasticity in response to external demand. Moreover, adult skeletal muscle is capable of complete regeneration after injury, due to the properties of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the satellite cells, which follow a tightly regulated myogenic program to generate both new myofibers and new MuSCs for further needs. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have long been associated with skeletal muscle physiology, their implication in the cell and molecular processes at work during muscle regeneration is more recent. This review focuses on redox regulation during skeletal muscle regeneration. An overview of the basics of ROS/RNS and antioxidant chemistry and biology occurring in skeletal muscle is first provided. Then, the comprehensive knowledge on redox regulation of MuSCs and their surrounding cell partners (macrophages, endothelial cells) during skeletal muscle regeneration is presented in normal muscle and in specific physiological (exercise-induced muscle damage, aging) and pathological (muscular dystrophies) contexts. Recent advances in the comprehension of these processes has led to the development of therapeutic assays using antioxidant supplementation, which result in inconsistent efficiency, underlying the need for new tools that are aimed at precisely deciphering and targeting ROS networks. This review should provide an overall insight of the redox regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration while highlighting the limits of the use of nonspecific antioxidants to improve muscle function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 276-310.
Published: 2017

46. The postural control can be optimized by the first movement initiation condition encountered when submitted to muscle fatigue

Author: Florian Monjo, Nicolas Forestier, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Adult, Male, Shoulder, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Movement, Acceleration, Posture, Biophysics, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Kinematics, Shoulder flexion, 050105 experimental psychology, Postural control, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Pressure, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle activity, Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Muscle fatigue, Electromyography, Movement (music), business.industry, 05 social sciences, Muscle activation, General Medicine, Healthy Volunteers, Biomechanical Phenomena, Peak velocity, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Muscle Fatigue, Stroop Test, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], business, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: We investigated whether and how the movement initiation condition (IC) encountered during the early movements performed following focal muscle fatigue affects the postural control of discrete ballistic movements. For this purpose, subjects performed shoulder flexions in a standing posture at maximal velocity under two movement IC, i.e., in self-paced conditions and submitted to a Stroop-like task in which participants had to trigger fast shoulder flexions at the presentation of incongruent colors. Shoulder flexion kinematics, surface muscle activity of focal and postural muscles as well as center-of-pressure kinematics were recorded. The initial IC and the order in which subjects were submitted to these two conditions were varied within two separate experimental sessions. IC schedule was repeated before and after fatigue protocols involving shoulder flexors. The aim of this fatigue procedure was to affect acceleration-generating capacities of focal muscles. In such conditions, the postural muscle activity preceding and accompanying movement execution is expected to decrease. Following fatigue, when subjects initially moved in self-paced conditions, postural muscle activity decreased and scaled to the lower focal peak acceleration. This postural strategy then transferred to the Stroop-like task. In contrast, when subjects initially moved submitted to the Stroop-like task, postural muscle activity did not decrease and this transferred to self-paced movements. Regarding the center-of-pressure peak velocity, which is indicative of the efficiency of the postural actions generated in stabilizing posture, no difference appeared between the two sessions post-fatigue. This highlights an optimization of the postural actions when subjects first moved in self-paced conditions, smaller postural muscle activation levels resulting in similar postural consequences. In conclusion, the level of neuromuscular activity associated with the postural control is affected and can be optimized by the initial movement IC experienced post-fatigue. Beyond the fundamental contributions arising from these results, we point out potential applications for trainers and sports instructors.
Published: 2017

47. Cerebral and muscle microvascular oxygenation in children with sickle cell disease: Influence of hematology, hemorheology and vasomotion

Author: Vanessa Tarer, Maryse Etienne-Julan, Stéphane Jumet, Philippe Connes, Marie Petras, Benoit Tressières, Marc Romana, Keyne Charlot, Lydia Divialle-Doumdo, Sophie Antoine-Jonville, Xavier Waltz, Olivier Hue, Berenike Moeckesch, Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge (BIGR (UMR_S_1134 / U1134)), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA), Adaptation, Climat Tropical, Exercice et Santé [URp5_4] (ACTES), Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Transversale de la Drépanocytose, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Hôpital Ricou, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), This work was supported by the Region of Guadeloupe, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Adaptation, Climat Tropical, Exercice et Santé (ACTES), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS), Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre de référence maladies rares pour la drépanocytose aux Antilles-Guyane, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex 'The red cell: from genesis to death', PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Université des Antilles (UA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service d'Orthopédie et de Traumatologie, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.MHEP.HEM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vasomotion, Hemoglobin, Sickle, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hematocrit, 0302 clinical medicine, Tissue oxygen index, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cerebral Cortex, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Hematology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Muscles, Cerebral hypoxia, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Sickle cell anemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Molecular Medicine, Female, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, Anemia, Sickle Cell, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxygen Consumption, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Erythrocyte Deformability, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, business.industry, Sickle cell disease, Hemodynamics, Cell Biology, Oxygenation, medicine.disease, Oxygen, Red blood cell, Endocrinology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Hemorheology, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; The present study investigated cerebral and muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (tissue oxygen index, TOI) in children with sickle cell anemia (SS), sickle cell hemoglobin C disease (SC) and healthy children (AA). TOI was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and spectral analysis of the TOI variability was used to assess flowmotion and vasomotion. Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), hemorheological and hematological parameters were also measured in SS and SC children. Both TOI were lower in SS compared to both AA and SC children, with SC exhibiting lower values than AA children. Cerebral vasomotion expressed in absolute values was enhanced in SS compared to AA and SC children. Muscle vasomotion did not differ between the three groups. Hematocrit, SpO2 and red blood cell deformability were positively associated with cerebral TOI in SS children. We demonstrated that 1) cerebral and muscle TOI were markedly decreased in SS children while the decrease of TOI was milder in SC children, 2) cerebral TOI level was associated with several biological markers in SS children only and 3) cerebral vasomotion was enhanced in SS, possibly to counterbalance the effects of chronic cerebral hypoxia.
Published: 2017

48. Adaptive Alterations in Shoulder Range of Motion and Strength in Young Tennis Players

Author: Mickaël Begon, Benoit Gillet, Christian Berger-Vachon, Violaine Sevrez, Isabelle Rogowski, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine / Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital [Montreal, Canada], Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Rotation, Movement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Injury risk, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Range of Motion, Articular, Child, Muscle, Skeletal, Original Research, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Shoulder Joint, Internal rotation, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Adaptation, Physiological, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Tennis, Physical therapy, Upper limb, business, Range of motion, human activities
Abstract: Context: Playing tennis requires unilateral and intensive movement of the upper limb, which may lead to functional adaptations of the shoulder and an increased injury risk. Identifying which athletes will be future elite tennis players starts at 5 to 6 years of age. Therefore, highly skilled players practice intensively in their childhood. However, whether these functional changes occur during the prepubertal years has not been established. Objectives: To assess changes in glenohumeral-joint–rotation range of motion and strength of the shoulder-complex muscles in prepubertal elite tennis players. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tennis training sports facilities. Patients or Other Participants: Sixty-seven male tennis players (age range = 7–13 years) selected by a regional tennis center of excellence were divided into 3 biological age groups relative to their predicted age at peak height velocity: greater than 4 (n = 26; age = 8.7 ± 0.7 years, height = 132.4 ± 12.9 cm, mass = 27.8 ± 3.8 kg), 3 to 4 (n = 21; age = 10.3 ± 0.6 years, height = 144.9 ± 5.7 cm, mass = 34.7 ± 4.0 kg), and 2 (n = 20; age = 12.8 ± 1.4 years, height = 158.5 ± 8.7 cm, mass = 43.0 ± 8.2 kg) years before their age at peak height velocity. Main Outcome Measures(s): We measured the internal- and external-rotation ranges of motion of the glenohumeral joint using a goniometer and calculated the total arc of motion. Maximal isometric strength of 8 shoulder muscles was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Strength values were normalized to body weight and used to calculate 4 agonist-to-antagonist strength ratios. Results: The total arc of motion of the glenohumeral joint decreased gradually with biological age (P ≤ .01) due to the decrease in internal-rotation range of motion (P < .001). Absolute strength increased gradually with biological age (P < .001), but the relative strengths and ratios remained similar. Conclusions: Functional adaptations of the shoulder seen in adolescent and adult tennis players were observed in healthy prepubertal players. This knowledge could help clinicians and coaches more effectively monitor shoulder adaptations to tennis practice during the prepubertal years.
Published: 2017

49. Glenohumeral contact force during flat and topspin tennis forehand drives

Author: Thomas Creveaux, Laurence Chèze, Isabelle Rogowski, Raphaël Dumas, Yoann Blache, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs ( LBMC UMR T9406 ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Models, Anatomic, ANTERIOR-SUPERIOR GLENOID, medicine.medical_specialty, 0206 medical engineering, Shear force, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 02 engineering and technology, Athletic Performance, RACKET SPORTS, musculoskeletal model, GLENOHUMERAL CONTACT FORCE, SPORT, Contact force, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Elbow Joint, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, [ SDV.IB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Mathematics, Shoulder Joint, Stance phase, 030229 sport sciences, MUSCLE, 020601 biomedical engineering, Biomechanical Phenomena, MODEL, medicine.anatomical_structure, SHEARING FORCE, Tennis, Shoulder joint, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, SHOULDER, MUSCULOSKELETAL, EPAULE, human activities, 3d kinematics
Abstract: International audience; 12 The primary role of the shoulder joint in tennis forehand drive is at the expense of the 13 loadings undergone by this joint. Nevertheless, few studies investigated glenohumeral (GH) 14 contact forces during forehand drives. The aim of this study was to investigate GH 15 compressive and shearing forces during the flat and topspin forehand drives in advanced 16 tennis players. 3D kinematics of flat and topspin forehand drives of 11 advanced tennis 17 players were recorded. The Delft Shoulder and Elbow musculoskeletal model was 18 implemented to assess the magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces during the 19 forehand drives. The results showed no differences in magnitude and orientation of GH 20 contact forces between the flat and topspin forehand drives. The estimated maximal GH 21 contact force during the forward swing phase was 3573 ± 1383 N, which was on average 1.25 22 time greater than during the follow-through phase, and 5.8 times greater than during the 23 backswing phase. Regardless the phase of the forehand drive, GH contact forces pointed 24 toward the anterior-superior part of the glenoid therefore standing for shearing forces. 25 Knowledge of GH contact forces during real sport tasks performed at high velocity may 26 improve the understanding of various sport-specific adaptations and causative factors for 27 shoulder problems. 28 2 29
Published: 2017

50. The eMouveRecherche application competes with research devices to evaluate energy expenditure, physical activity and still time in free-living conditions

Author: Sylvie Rousset, Romain Guidoux, Philippe Lacomme, Libo Ren, Martine Duclos, Damien Saboul, Grard Fleury, Nicolas Lamaudire, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Almerys, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université de Lyon, INRA 101923-581, Almerys 101923-581, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)
Subjects: Computer science, smartphone accelerometer, Population, Health Informatics, Motor Activity, énergie métabolique, Accelerometer, smartphone, Metabolic equivalent, activité physique, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, physical exercise, Accelerometry, Statistics, energy expenditure, dépense d'énergie, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, free-living conditions, Exercise, Simulation, Monitoring, Physiologic, education.field_of_study, Relative value, collecte des données, Data collection, Data Collection, Work (physics), 030229 sport sciences, Function (mathematics), Computer Science Applications, Energy expenditure, Social Conditions, normal-weight adult, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Energy Metabolism, physical activity intensity category, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, volontaire
Abstract: Display Omitted Smartphone accelerometers can be used for the classification of physical activities.The PredEE function discriminates stillness from light-intensity activities.Time devoted to still, light, moderate and intense activities is estimated.Energy expenditure from categories in free-living conditions is estimated. The proliferation of smartphones is creating new opportunities to monitor and interact with human subjects in free-living conditions since smartphones are familiar to large segments of the population and facilitate data collection, transmission and analysis. From accelerometry data collected by smartphones, the present work aims to estimate time spent in different activity categories and the energy expenditure in free-living conditions. Our research encompasses the definition of an energy-saving function (PredEE) considering four physical categories of activities (still, light, moderate and vigorous), their duration and metabolic cost (MET). To create an efficient discrimination function, the method consists of classifying accelerometry-transformed signals into categories and of associating each category with corresponding Metabolic Equivalent Tasks. The performance of the PredEE function was compared with two previously published functions (f(,d)aedes,f(,d)nrjsi), and with two dedicated sensors (Armband and Actiheart) in free-living conditions over a 12-h monitoring period using 30 volunteers. Compared to the two previous functions, PredEE was the only one able to provide estimations of time spent in each activity category. In relative value, all the activity categories were evaluated similarly to those given by Armband. Compared to Actiheart, the function underestimated still activities by 10.1% and overestimated light- and moderate-intensity activities by 7.9% and 4.2%, respectively. The total energy expenditure error produced by PredEE compared to Armband was lower than those given by the two previous functions (5.7% vs. 14.1% and 17.0%). PredEE provides the user with an accurate physical activity feedback which should help self-monitoring in free-living conditions.
Published: 2017

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