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Objectives: The eating habits of most Lithuanian people do not adhere to the recommendations for a healthy diet. If children and adolescents were provided with the relevant information, it would not only improve their nutritional knowledge, but also their eating habits in adulthood and the subsequent health of their children. The objective of this study was to determine the need for information on nutrition among Lithuanian adolescents, the current knowledge of adults regarding recommendations for the consumption of various food groups, and the factors that influence both the need for information and the current knowledge. Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted, consisting of 3,574 adolescents aged 14-18 years and 1,007 adults aged 18-75 years. Logistic regression models with confidence intervals of 95% were used to determine the influence of various socio-demographic factors on the adolescent need for information on nutrition and the adult knowledge of nutrition. Results: A total of 66.7% of adolescents stated that they need information regarding nutrition, whereas 29.8% indicated that they lack such information. Significantly more girls than boys, and more students from schools in urban areas than students from schools in rural areas, expressed their need for information on nutrition. Lithuanian adults lacked knowledge of recommendations for the consumption of various food groups. Women and respondents with higher education degrees were found to have more knowledge on recommendations of the consumption of various food groups compared to men and respondents of other levels of education respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the required information on nutrition must be continuously provided via various channels to both adolescents and adults, and socio-demographic factors must be taken into account when planning public health intervention measures.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) makes significant changes in the life of patients and their families. A good family support has a positive effect on successful patients' adaptation to the treatment and compliance with dietary regimen. This study aimed to examine the effects of nutritional knowledge of informal caregivers on depression and metabolic outcomes of hemodialysis patients. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Baskent University Hemodialysis Center with 116 hemodialysis patients and their informal caregivers. Findings revealed that the caregivers who were the couple of the patients had the highest nutritional knowledge level than the other caregivers (p

Unhealthy and unsustainable nutrition is a major concern globally, including in the United Arab Emirates. Although many education programs have been conducted, diet-related illnesses remain prevalent. This study aims to identify the barriers between knowledge and practice of sustainable healthy diets to achieve long-term health, among students of Zayed University in the United Arab Emirates. An online questionnaire was sent to Zayed University (ZU) students over 18 years of age, using snowball sampling. The participants achieved a mean score of 5.6 out of 11 in nutritional knowledge, and a mean score of 3.4 out of 6 in healthy habits. The only barrier that significantly affected dietary habits was not knowing how to plan a diet (p = 0.025). Accordingly, having good nutritional knowledge was significantly related to improved dietary habits (p < 0.001). In addition, school curriculums (p = 0.004), doing one’s own research (p < 0.001), and social media (p < 0.001) were significantly related to improved nutritional knowledge. The most commonly reported motivators for a healthier diet were “to keep their body healthy for a long time” and “to maintain a healthy weight” (72.6% and 70.1%, respectively). Overall, among ZU students the most significant barrier to achieving sustainable healthy nutrition was lack of knowledge. Education methods such as school curriculums, individual research, and social media were effective. Topics such as how to plan a diet, how to keep the body healthy, and how to maintain a healthy weight are of general interest.

Food waste remains a major problem for the world and food security. Despite the fact that consumers are significant producers of food waste, little research attention has been paid to young people who are in college and living away from the family home. The present study aimed to assess food waste among college students living away from the family home, taking into account the nutritional knowledge acquired during college. In addition, the goal was to compare how nutritional knowledge affects food waste and consumer behavior in the study group. Descriptive statistics were performed on behaviors with food management at home, as well as shopping planning and self-shopping at the store, for the total respondents, students with nutritional knowledge and students without such knowledge. A chi-square test was performed to show whether the field of study influences the frequency of food throwing away and the appropriate management of excess food. Spearman’s rank correlations were calculated for the frequency of food discarding, the frequency and amount of shopping and the field of study. The results indicate that the field of study determined food discarding and appropriate food management (p < 0.05), while it was found that fermented dairy beverages, fruits and vegetables and bread were the most frequently discarded foods in both study groups (p < 0.05). Students with nutritional knowledge were less likely to throw away food compared to students without nutritional knowledge and were better at managing excess food.

In adolescence, the body requires sufficient amounts of adequate nutrients. This is especially important in the case of young athletes, for whom a nutrition plan should be as significant as a proper training plan. The aim of the study was a 17-week follow-up of the effects of individual and group nutrition intervention on changes in eating habits and selected biochemical parameters. 46 young soccer players aged 12–17 from the Soccer Academy in Northeastern Poland completed the study. One group received only individual recommendations, while the other additionally received group nutrition education. As a result of the dietary education, teenagers from the latter group consumed less saccharose (44 g vs. 39.2 g) in favor of digestible carbohydrates (266 g vs. 273 g) and dietary fiber (19.7 g vs. 22.2 g), further emphasizing the health-promoting profile of diets. The amount of fluid consumed (33% vs. 48% above 2 L of water a day) and the habits of the peri-workout hydration routine were also improved. Many of the participants (41%) reported faster regeneration while 26% experienced an overall better well-being. The short-term intervention produced positive results, but nevertheless it is the implementation of long-term dietary improvement schemes involving parents and coaches that should be the direction of future approaches.

The new disease COVID-19, induced by SARS-CoV-2, causes acute respiratory infection. Many countries, including Poland, began to set a variety of different restrictions to reduce the spread of the virus. Most students had problems with online lessons. The study was conducted among second year medicine students of the Medical University of Wroclaw, and after the entire process of verification 200 respondents were accepted. The research consisted of completing the same anonymous online questionnaires twice in March and October 2020. This finally allowed for a critical assessment of the impact of the pandemic and its restrictions on the students’ daily lives. During the online classes, low levels of physical activity persisted (p = 0.718), whereas time spent sitting increased (p < 0.001). Despite positive changes in declared snacking (p = 0.061), we observed significant drops in the index of healthy diet (p = 0.001) and nutritional knowledge (p < 0.001) as well as an increase in the consumption of fast-food (p < 0.001) and energy drinks (p = 0.019). Reduced nutritional knowledge can cause a decrease in attention to healthy food preparation and much more frequent consumption of fast-food.

The purposes of this study were to (1) determine beliefs in the health benefits of dietary fiber, an under-consumed nutrient of public health concern, and (2) determine the relationship between beliefs about dietary fiber and consideration of fiber when making food choices. We conducted a nationally representative within-subject randomized online survey of 42,018 US primary shoppers in May–June 2021. Participants selected health benefits they believed were associated with consumption of fiber from a list of six benefits recognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), one indirect benefit, and one unrelated benefit. Respondents then indicated which nutrients, if any, they considered when making food choices. Respondents selected 1.77 (95% CI = 1.76–1.77) FDA-recognized benefits out of a total six; half (50.6%) of respondents identified zero or one FDA-recognized benefit. The most-cited benefit was “improving bowel movements” (64.4%). Older participants perceived significantly more FDA-recognized fiber benefits. Identification of FDA-recognized benefits increased odds ratios for consideration of fiber during food choice (relative to zero benefits) from 3.0 for one benefit (95% CI = 2.8–3.3) to 14.3 for six benefits (95% CI = 12.4–16.6). Consumers are largely unaware of the many health benefits of dietary fiber, which dramatically decreases the likelihood that they consider this important, under-consumed nutrient during food choice.

Ophthalmic nutrition education programs and good dietary patterns are of considerable significance to ocular health outcomes.The study aimed at assessing the level of ophthalmic nutrition knowledge and to compare the dietary patterns between different ophthalmic patients.Four hundred and ninety-two adults (mean age 54.7 ± 19.4-years) receiving care at three eye-care facilities in Ghana were surveyed: 171 had senile cataract, 162 had open-angle glaucoma, and 159 had healthy eyes. A modified food frequency questionnaire was administered to elicit ophthalmic nutrition knowledge and dietary intake information of participants over the last 30-days. The results were compared between the three groups.More than half of the participants (n = 267; 54.3 per cent) had received some form of education on food sources that are good for the eyes and vision, with healthy participants accounting for 50.6 per cent of this proportion. Television (55.1 per cent; 147/267), radio (49.1 per cent; 131/267) and the eye doctor (34.1 per cent; 91/267) were the most frequent sources of ophthalmic nutritional knowledge. Overall, less than one-quarter of the participants (n = 108; 22.2 per cent) were able to correctly identify one food source for at least four out of seven selected ophthalmic nutrients. Vitamin C was the most frequently consumed ophthalmic nutrient, whereas lycopene was the least taken across all groups. The average ophthalmic nutrients intake score for those with healthy eyes (59.16 [53.39-64.93]) was significantly greater than for both glaucoma patients (37.73 [32.01-43.44]) and cataract patients (34.81 [29.24-40.37]).In addition to poor ophthalmic nutrition awareness and knowledge, both cataract and glaucoma patients, compared to those with healthy eyes, consumed a lesser amount of nutrients considered vital for eye health and vision. Ophthalmic nutrition education is needed to improve eye-health outcomes.

Background. In the group of school-aged children nutritional education (NE) enables an early development of healthy eating habits, which can be transferred to the adult life. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the long-term effect of a one-time nutritional education, including also culinary workshops, on the level of nutritional knowledge (NK) of early school-aged children as well as to analyse the nutritional content of the children’s books. Material and methods. The study was conducted among second- and third-grade pupils from a primary school in Warsaw (n=76). The level of NK was determined using the same, self-administrated questionnaire at each of the three stages of the study. Results. The level of NK was assumed as very good in 47% of respondents before the education, in 91% immediately after the education, and in 74% six months after it. Out of all 23.0 points (max.) on average 18.1 points were obtained at the first stage, 21.1 points at the second stage and 19.7 points at the third stage (p

Objective:To investigate dietary health understandings, healthy foods access perceptions and the main sources of nutritional knowledge of residents in three urban communities of varying socio-economic make-up.Design:An ethnographic approach to primary qualitative data collection, involving frequent visits to study areas over 4 months and in-depth interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed through an iterative approach.Setting:Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Participants:A purposive sample of 45 participants divided equally among the 3 communities. Participants were mostly female (93 %), aged between 27 and 75 years (mean 47·7) and largely identified as the person responsible for household food-related decisions (93 %).Results:Three overarching themes emerged: (i) dietary health understandings; (ii) healthy foods access perceptions and (iii) sources of nutritional knowledge. Participants employed multifaceted conceptualisation of dietary health. Most identified healthy foods with traditional plant-based foods, inexpensive and locally available from multiple sources. Thus, all participants perceived healthy foods as highly available in the local environment and most (80 %) as affordable. Reported affordability issues referred to specific foods (particularly animal source products) and were independent of income levels. Participants acquired nutritional knowledge from multiple sources, including many community-based initiatives. These were overall perceived as useful, but also as presenting some limitations.Conclusions:The variety in dietary health understandings reported by study participants, and their high perceptions of healthy foods availability in the local environment reinforce the idea that individual- and food environment-level determinants of nutritional behaviours are highly contextual.

Purpose: EatRight Ontario (ERO), a multi-modal dietitian service (phone, email, web), provided the public and health intermediaries with healthy eating advice, professional support, and health promotion tools from 2007 to 2018. An evaluation of ERO was conducted to assess the impact of the model on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour for consumers, utilization, and support levels and satisfaction provided to health intermediaries. Methods: Consumer clients were sent a survey 1–4 weeks after using the ERO service to capture self-reported dietary changes, intentions, nutritional knowledge, and satisfaction. Health intermediaries were recruited through an electronic ERO newsletter and asked about how ERO supported their practice. Results: Of the 867 consumer respondents, 92% had either made a change or indicated that information from ERO confirmed their present behaviour, and 96% indicated they would recommend the services to others. Of the 337 health intermediaries who responded 71% indicated that ERO provided services they could not deliver. Conclusions: ERO’s multi-modal dietitian contact centre provides a model for implementing successful remote service access for consumers and professionals to support healthy eating across diverse demographics and geographies, including those in geographically underserved areas.

Little is known about the nutritional knowledge of children in Kuwait and school-based nutrition interventions are scarce. No validated tool to assess the nutrition knowledge of schoolchildren in Kuwait is available.This study determined the validity and reliability of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire in Kuwaiti primary-school children, and measured children's nutrition knowledge before and after a nutrition awareness intervention.The questionnaire included five questions to measure nutritional knowledge. The face and content validity were assessed by nutrition and paediatric experts. To assess questionnaire reliability and nutrition knowledge, 642 schoolchildren (8-12 years) were assigned to an intervention, control or reliability group. Each group completed the questionnaire twice, one or two weeks apart. Students in the intervention group attended a nutrition knowledge presentation before completing the questionnaire the second time. Independent and paired samples t-tests were used to assess score differences between and within the intervention and control groups for changes in nutrition knowledge. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to measure score consistency in the reliability group.Overall, the questionnaire had good content validity and moderate to strong reliability (r = 0.44, P0.001). Students in the intervention group had significantly higher mean nutritional knowledge scores after the intervention (from 3.65 (SD 1.03) to 4.20 (SD 1.02); P = 0.17). Control group scores were mostly unchanged.The Kuwait child nutrition knowledge questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess nutritional knowledge in schoolchildren in Kuwait. Nutrition knowledge of Kuwaiti schoolchildren should be improved using age-appropriate interventions in school.صحة وموثوقية واستخدام استبيان تقييم المعرفة الغذائية للأطفال في الكويت.نادين إبراهيم، ديمة القائد، فاطمة إسماعيل، رلى بركه.لا يتوافر قدر كبير من المعلومات حول مستوى المعرفة التغذوية لدى الأطفال في الكويت والتدخلات التغذوية المدرسية اللازم القيام بها. كما لا تتوافر أداة مُازة لتقييم المعلومات التغذوية لدى أطفال المدارس في الكويت.هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد موثوقية وعيارية استبيان المعلومات التغذوية لدى أطفال المدراس الابتدائية في الكويت، وقاست المعرفة التغذوية لدى الأطفال قبل القيام بتدخل لرفع الوعي التغذوي وبعد القيام به.اشتمل الاستبيان على خمسة أسئلة لقياس المعلومات التغذوية. وقام خبراء في التغذية والأطفال بتقييم الصحة الظاهرية للاستبيان وصحة محتواه. ولتقييم عيارية الاستبيان والمعرفة التغذوية، وُزِّع 642 طفلا من أطفال المدارس (تتراوح أعمارهم بين 8 سنوات و 12 سنة) على مجموعة التدخل، أو المجموعة الضابطة، أو مجموعة العيارية. واستكملت كل مجموعة الاستبيان مرتين، يفصل بين كل منهما أسبوع أو أسبوعان. وحضر الطلبة في مجموعة التدخل محاضرة حول التوعية التغذوية قبل استكمال الاستبيان للمرة الثانية. واستُخدمت اختبارات لعينات مستقلة وعينات مزدوجة لتقييم الفروق في الدرجات بين مجموعة التدخل والمجموعة الضابطة وداخل كل منهما لبيان التغيرات التي طرأت على المعرفة التغذوية. واستُخدمت معاملات ترابط "بيرسون" لقياس اتساق الدرجات في مجموعة العيارية.بصورة عامة، تضمن الاستبيان موثوقية جيدة من حيث المحتوى وعيارية تتراوح بين متوسطة إلى قوية (0.001p ;0.44 = r)،. حقق الطلبة في مجموعة التدخل درجات أعلى بكثير في المعرفة التغذوية بعد إجراء التدخل من 3.65 (بانحراف معياري 1.03) إلى 4.20 (بانحراف معياري 1.02)؛ (0.05p)، وكانت درجات المجموعة الضابطة في معظمها ثابتة لم تتغير.يعد استبيان المعرفة التغذوية لدى الأطفال في الكويت وسيلة موثوقة وعيارية لقياس المعلومات التغذوية لدى أطفال المدارس في الكويت. ينبغي تحسين المعرفة التغذوية لدى أطفال المدارس في الكويت باستخدام التدخلات الملائمة للسنّ في المدرسة.Validité, fiabilité et utilité d’un questionnaire d’évaluation des connaissances des enfants en matière de nutrition au Koweït.Peu d’informations sont disponibles sur les connaissances des enfants koweïtiens en matière de nutrition, et les interventions d’éducation nutritionnelle dans les écoles sont rares. Aucun outil validé permettant d’évaluer les connaissances des écoliers koweïtiens à cet égard n’est disponible.La présente étude visait à déterminer la validité et la fiabilité d’un questionnaire d’évaluation des connaissances en matière de nutrition auprès d’écoliers du cycle primaire au Koweït, et à mesurer les connaissances des enfants à cet égard avant et après une intervention de connaissance nutritionnelle.Le questionnaire comportait cinq questions visant à évaluer le niveau de connaissance nutritionnelle. La validité apparente et de contenu du questionnaire a été évaluée par des experts en pédiatrie et en nutrition. Afin de mesurer la fiabilité du questionnaire et le niveau de connaissance en matière de nutrition, 642 écoliers (âgés de 8 à 12 ans) ont été répartis en trois groupes : un groupe d’intervention, un groupe témoin et un groupe servant à garantir la fiabilité. Chaque groupe a répondu deux fois au questionnaire, à une ou deux semaines d’intervalle. Les écoliers du groupe d’intervention ont assisté à une présentation sur la nutrition avant de répondre une deuxième fois au questionnaire. Des tests t d’échantillons appariés et indépendants ont été utilisés pour évaluer les différences de scores entre le groupe d’intervention et le groupe témoin et au sein de ces deux groupes dans le but d’interpréter l’évolution des connaissances nutritionnelles. Les coefficients de corrélation de Pearson ont été utilisés pour mesurer la cohérence des scores dans le groupe de fiabilité.Globalement, le questionnaire présentait une bonne validité de contenu et une fiabilité moyenne à élevée (r = 0,44, p0,001). Les écoliers du groupe d’intervention avaient des scores de connaissance nutritionnelle beaucoup plus élevés suite à l’intervention (passant de 3,65 (E.T. 1,03) à 4,20 (E.T. 1,02) ; p = 0,17). Les scores du groupe témoin étaient en grande partie restés inchangés.Le questionnaire d’évaluation des connaissances des enfants koweïtiens en matière de nutrition constitue un outil valide et fiable pour mesurer le niveau de connaissance nutritionnelle des écoliers au Koweït. Des interventions adaptées à l’âge devraient être organisées dans les écoles afin d’améliorer le niveau de connaissance des écoliers koweïtiens en matière de nutrition.

Background: Malnutrition is generally due to a lack of nutritional information rather than food deficiency. Therefore, the current knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of the target audience should be evaluated to eliminate malnutrition. However, KAP varies across demographic status and socioeconomic status (SES). Aim: The associations of nutritional KAP with demographic and socioeconomic variables were evaluated among households living in urban and rural areas of southwestern Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted on 842 household heads (492 urban and 350 rural) using a standardized NUTRIKAP Household Questionnaire. The data evaluating nutritional KAP as well as demographic and socioeconomic information were obtained using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. SES score was also computed. Results: Urban households had a higher level of nutritional knowledge ( p < 0.05) but a lower level of nutritional attitude ( p < 0.001) and practice ( p < 0.001) compared with the rural ones. Rural households with the poorest quintiles of SES were 0.4 times less likely to have good nutritional knowledge (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4, confidence interval: 0.2, 0.9; p < 0.05), compared with higher quintiles. Households with an over-60-years-old household head had significantly higher nutritional attitude ( p < 0.05) and practice ( p Conclusions: These results can indicate the role of demographic and socioeconomic determinants in KAP of Iranian households towards the principle of nutrition and can be effective in prioritizing the implementation of nutritional interventions including nutrition education for them.

Basketball is a team sport, with many fans and practitioners worldwide from all ages and levels. In all cases, players accumulate high levels of fatigue, and there is also limited time to recover between games or practices. In particular, nutrition plays a key role in optimizing performance and recovery. However, it is typical to observe erroneous nutritional behaviors among basketball players. It has been theorized that these behaviors are influenced by habits acquired based on the individual’s knowledge. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to conduct a descriptive research of the sports nutrition knowledge and practices in a sample of Spanish basketball players, from athletes under 18 years old (n = 69) to nonprofessional (n = 14) and professional adult players (n = 21). The sample was comprised of 49 men and 55 women. This was a transversal, cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study. All participants (n = 104) completed an anonymous online survey in order to analyze their sports nutrition knowledge and practices. In view of the obtained results, we can conclude that the knowledge of sport-specific nutrition in players under 18 years old, as well as non-professional and professional adult basketball players, is insufficient through all the categories and levels. The lack of professional support and time management difficulties were identified as some of the main barriers.

One in four school children in Australia are overweight or obese. In response, the Healthy Eats program was developed, piloted, and delivered using a whole-of-school approach underpinned by the socio-ecological model to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among children aged 8–10 years in regional Queensland, Australia. This research presents an outcome evaluation of the Healthy Eats program using pre–post data collected throughout 2021 (cross-sectional for knowledge and longitudinal for behaviour) from 19 schools to assess whether changes occurred in students’ nutritional knowledge (n = 1868 (pre = 933, post = 935)) and fruit and vegetable consumption (n = 1042 (pre = 521, post = 521)). Knowledge data was collected via self-reports two weeks prior and immediately after the Nutrition Module. Behavioural data on daily fruit and vegetable consumption was gathered via student passports (i.e., surveys) one week before and for four consecutive weeks after the Nutrition Module. Chi-Square Difference tests and t-Tests were conducted with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Across all 19 schools, knowledge of the daily recommended serves of fruit and vegetables improved significantly following participation in the program, aligning knowledge closer to the Australian dietary guidelines. Behavioural results for fruit consumption were favourable, with clear improvements reported. Increases in vegetable consumption were demonstrated in two of the eight schools. A discussion on the knowledge–action gap is provided, including recommendations for future iterations of the Healthy Eats program.

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the nutritional knowledge and clinical practices of medical doctors regarding nutrition in cirrhosis patients in a multicentre study. Methods: This multi-centre cross-sectional knowledge and practice (KAP) study was conducted from January 2020 to March 2020 and comprised of physicians working in wards, Out Patient and Emergency Departments. The participants were interviewed using a self-generated structured questionnaire after adequate literature review. The data was analysed using SPSS 16.0. Results: Of the 92 participants, 52 (56.5%) were males, the mean age of the physicians was 28.3 ± 4 years with mean years in service of 3.7 ± 3 years. The mean score obtained was 5.8 ± 2.1 (out of 13). An alarmingly low percentage (35.9%) of physicians had received formal training, 29.3% were giving regular nutritional counselling and 52.2% wrongly believed in the implementation of restricted diets. Salt, water and lipids/oils were incorrectly considered to be avoided in decompensated patients in the percentages of 61%, 49% and 24%, respectively. Mean knowledge scores varied significantly for physicians dealing with cirrhosis patients on daily basis and those who received formal training. Gender, number of service years and physicians providing counselling on regular basis (without proper training) did not impact the scores significantly. Conclusion: The nutritional knowledge of our medical doctors regarding cirrhosis is sub-optimal, the clinical practices adopted are not evidence based and the clinical assessment with nutritional counselling lack vigour and consistency. Continuous...

Introduction Food insecurity during young adulthood affects physical health, mental health, and academic performance. However, little is known about parental and behavioral factors during childhood that may contribute to risk of food insecurity during young adulthood. Methods Data were obtained from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics’ Child Development Supplement (1997–2017). In 2018–2019, a balanced panel was constructed of individuals who were aged 0–12 years in 1997 (n=1,049) and were living independently as of 2015. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the effect of parental nutritional knowledge, childhood food preparation, and food shopping involvement on food insecurity in 2015–2017, adjusting for individual- and family-level factors. Results Children whose parents had medium (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.17, 0.93) or high (OR=0.38, 95% CI=0.19, 0.76) nutritional knowledge, compared with low nutritional knowledge, had lower odds of being food insecure when they reached young adulthood. In fully adjusted models, high levels of time spent preparing food during childhood were associated with lower odds of food insecurity in young adulthood (OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.26, 0.84) compared with individuals who spent no time in food preparation. Time spent food shopping during childhood did not predict food insecurity in young adulthood. Conclusions Spending time in food preparation during childhood and high parental nutritional knowledge each have a protective effect against food insecurity during young adulthood. Greater investment in teaching cooking skills during childhood may be beneficial, particularly for individuals at high risk for food insecurity.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of nutrition education on the consumption pattern, knowledge, and practice in bringing a well-balanced menu (WBM) for lunch among school-aged children. The study was quasi-experimemtal research using one group with pre- and post-test. Subjects were 52 students in fifth grade at SDN Babakan Dramaga 04, Bogor. The study was conducted from February to April 2017 and nutrition education was provided twice in 2 wk. The first post-test for nutritional knowledge was done 1 wk after the nutrition education, while the evaluation of the practice of bringing WBM for lunch was conducted 2 wk after the intervention. The second and third post-tests were performed every 2 wk after that. The knowledge of balanced nutrition increased after the intervention. The initial nutritional knowledge was significantly different from those of the first and second post-tests with p values of 0.003 and 0.01, respectively. Subjects showed an improvement in the practice of bringing a well-balanced menu for lunch after the nutrition education intervention. It was also shown that carbohydrate intake at the third post-test was related to nutritional status after the intervention. The practice of bringing WBM for lunch should be continued by students and monitored by physical education teachers. Parents, especially mothers, should support their children by providing balanced and nutritious food at home.

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity (PA) intervention on dietary intake (DI), nutritional knowledge (NK), blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measures and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of schoolchildren.Design:Longitudinal study. DI, NK, BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), BP and CRF were all measured/calculated prior to (October 2014) and at the end of (June 2016) intervention delivery.Setting:Two primary schools (one intervention and one control), Cork, Ireland.Participants:Six-year-olds (n49; mean age = 6·09 (sd0·33) years) and 10-year-olds (n52; mean age = 9·90 (sd0·37) years).Results:There was a large and a moderate statistically significant difference between the change in systolic (P= 0·005, effect size (ES) = 0·165) and diastolic BP (P= 0·023, ES = 0·116), respectively, for 10-year-olds in the intervention and control groups. There was also a large statistically significant difference between the change in WHtR (P= 0·0005, ES = 0·386) and a moderate statistically significant difference between the change in NK (P= 0·027, ES = 0·107) for 10-year-olds in the intervention and control groups. There was a large statistically significant difference between the change in percentage of energy from protein in 10-year-old females (P= 0·021, ES = 0·276) in the intervention and control groups.Conclusions:Project Spraoi is Ireland’s first ever school-based intervention that has been evaluated and proven effective in improving DI, NK, WHtR and BP in older primary-school children in one intervention school.

Cereals whole grains contain vitamins, phytochemicals, antioxidants, resistant starch, and minerals with potential benefits to human health. The consumption of whole grains is correlated with a lowered risk of the most important chronic diseases, including type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the content of five cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and five cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) obtained by conventional plant breeding using crossing and selection methods. The novelty and the purpose of this research was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze these ten cultivars from Romania and to show the importance of, and the changes produced by, crossing and selection methods when these are aimed at the physiological or morphological development of the cultivars. Studies based on gluten dosing; spectrophotometry using Bradford, fructan and protein dosing; Kjeldahl protein dosing; GC-MS/MS-protein and amino acid dosing; and identification of protein fractions using polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method were conducted. This study demonstrates the possibility of developing future cultivars using conventional methods of improvement to modify the content and composition of nutrients to increase their health benefits.

Despite the fact that healthy, sugar-reduced nutrition has been propagated by the media and in schools for years, dental caries in children remains a major health problem worldwide, caused primarily by an unhealthy diet. The objective of this study is to compare statements on nutrition and hygienic knowledge with those on children’s actual dietary and hygienic behavior. A random sample of 554 children and adolescents aged 3–19 years was enrolled. Designed as a cross-sectional interview-based community survey, this study was conducted consecutively during three one-day public science-promoting events at the Saarland University’s Medical Faculty. Participants’ oral hygiene and nutritional knowledge was profound; however, the reported translation into practice showed deficiencies. Boys and younger children (3–10 years) often showed better oral hygiene knowledge than girls and older children (over 11 years) but had problems implementing it into their daily life practice. In contrast, girls and older children often showed less oral hygiene knowledge but reported more favorable behavior. Finally, children up to the mixed dentition phase preferred drinking sweets more often than older children, posing a risk to the developing permanent dentition. Intensifying well-known controlled motivation training approaches to encourage children and adolescents is recommended to put their knowledge into practice.

Background: Weight stigma (WS) in the Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia, is widely ignored. People with obesity are blamed for their weight, and there is a common perception that weight stigmatization is justifiable and may motivate individuals to adopt healthier behaviors. The authors of this study aimed to explore WS prevalence and factors associated with WS in a large nationwide study of Saudi Arabian adults. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June 2020. A proportional quota-sampling technique was adopted to obtain equal distributions of participants by age and sex across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. In total, 6239 people were contacted, and 4709 (75.48%) responded and completed the interview. The authors of the study collected data about WS using the Arabic Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), BMI, smoking, nutritional knowledge, bariatric surgery, risk of depression, and demographic variables. Results: Participants had a mean age of 36.4 ± 13.5 (18–90), and 50.1% were female. The prevalence of higher WS was 46.4%. Among other risk factors, there was a significant association between WS and obesity (odds ratio (OR): 3.93, 95% CI: 2.83–5.44, p &lt, 0.001), waterpipe smoking (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20–2.69, 0.001), bariatric surgery (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.53–2.81, 0.001), and risk of depression (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.36–2.09, 0.001). Conclusion: This was the first study to explore WS and its associated factors among adults in a community setting in Saudi Arabia. This study revealed some risk factors associated with WS that may help to identify people at risk of WS and to develop interventions to reduce WS, such as improving nutritional knowledge, correcting the ideas about bariatric surgery and obesity in general, and ceasing waterpipe smoking.

Background: University teachers, as agents of socialization, are one of the most influential groups in improving public health, and their nutritional knowledge can influence both the eating behavior of students and the family. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a telehealth program on the level of nutritional knowledge and body mass index (BMI) of university teachers. Methods: A pre-experimental study was carried out from August to December 2020. A pretest and a posttest were applied. The number of teachers in the initial test was 88 and those included in the final evaluation, 83; and they were selected by nonprobability sampling for convenience. The telehealth-based program lasted 18 weeks and included basic information on nutrition and motivational messages. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire before and after the educational program. Results: Posttest knowledge scores increased significantly from 6.40 ± 1.70 to 10.59 ± 1.18 ( P Conclusion: The telehealth-based intervention improved basic nutritional knowledge levels and BMI. Likewise, the current findings provide evidence on the importance and need to develop future nutritional education programs that comprehensively encompass all study plans for the benefit of the university community.

This review provides insight into consumer attitudes toward functional food (FF), with the purpose of better understanding the needs and behavior regarding this kind of product. A total of 47 articles were selected for this paper. The available studies from last 20 years differ according to the focus (awareness, attitudes, motivations, willingness, acceptance by consumers) and methodologies used. Several factors, including socio-demographic, cognitive and attitudinal ones, seem to be serve as the basis for the acceptance of functional products. The research papers showed that nutritional knowledge is the most important of these. Older people are more interested in functional products than younger consumers, because of their stronger belief in the health benefits of FF. Moreover, women are more open to compromise between taste and health properties. Claims concerning the disease preventative properties of FF are the most attractive for consumers. This review focuses also on future perspectives for the functional food market. Adequate knowledge and evidence-based communication seem to be the most promising ways to increase consumers’ interest in these kinds of products.

Ecology of Food and Nutrition (EFN) promotes scholarly discussion and engagement on the holistic and cross-cultural dimensions of food and nutrition. Articles published in this journal focus on foo...

Objectives To develop and validate an instrument about nutritional knowledge and feeding practices to be used in children aged 7–11 years, based on the latest Brazilian Food Guide. Methods Review on the subject; instrument creation; content validity with two groups of judges: first, nutritionists and, after adjustments, a multidisciplinary group (content validity index [CVI]); FACE validity; reproducibility analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], level of agreement, and kappa [k]); internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha[α]) and construct validity (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin and exploratory factorial analysis). The sample was calculated, considering at least ten subjects for each question of the questionnaire. Results There was a final sample of 453 children (53.6% girls), with a mean age of 9.45 years (SD = 1.44). The content validity showed a CVI ≥ 0.80 for relevance in 62.3% of the items for nutritionists’ group and 100% of the items for the multidisciplinary group, clarity (49.4%, 91.8%), and pertinence (58.8%, 98.4%), respectively. The test-retest showed a level of agreement of 84.3% and k = 0.740 for the Knowledge dimension and ICC = 0.754 for the Food Practices dimension. The internal consistency showed α = 0.589 for the Knowledge dimension and α = 0.618 for the Food Practices dimension. For the construct validity, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin was 0.724 and exploratory factorial analysis showed a variance of 47.01 with varimax rotation and defined five factors for the Practices Dimension. Conclusion The Food Knowledge and Practices Questionnaire (Questionario de Conhecimento e Praticas Alimentares [QCPA]) instrument showed validity and reliability to assess nutritional knowledge and food practices in children aged 7–11 years.

Adolescent high-performance gymnasts are considered to be at risk for low energy intake. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of implementing a nutritional education program during the sports season on the nutritional status and nutrition knowledge of the female artistic gymnasts from the Technification Center of the Balearic Islands (n = 24, age, 14.1 ± 2.3 years). A quasi-experimental intervention design was applied, which consisted of implementing a nutritional education program of seven sessions given during eight months. Measurements of nutritional intake, nutrition knowledge, and anthropometric parameters, as well as hematological and biochemical blood parameters, were performed. Gymnasts reported low energy and carbohydrate intakes, with significant increases during the study (energy, 28.3 ± 1.4 vs. 32.8 ± 1.4 kcal kg−1, p = 0.015, carbohydrate 3.2 ± 0.2 vs. 3.9 ± 0.2 g kg−1, p = 0.004). The average values for parameters such as hemoglobin, ferritin, lipoprotein, and vitamin C and E levels in the plasma were within normal ranges. Low intakes of most of the food groups were observed during the study, with similar initial and final values. Nutrition knowledge did not change as a result of the study (28.0 ± 1.7 vs. 31.1 ± 1.3, p = 0.185). In conclusion, gymnasts reported low energy intakes. However, blood markers and most of the anthropometrical parameters measured were within normal ranges. The nutrition education program implemented did not produce significant improvements in the dietary habits or nutritional knowledge of gymnasts.

A nutrition learning model themed "Makananku Sehat dan Bergizi" was aimed for fourth-grade students of elementary school who used the K13 Curriculum K13 that was developed in 2013. The model accommodated the old version of nutrition concept and they were delivered withconventional model. This study aimed to design a new learning model and to discover effect of themodel on nutritional knowledge and behavior of elementary school children in Kendari. Thisstudy was a quasi experimental study using one group with pre-post test design. This study was held in 2017 in Puuwatu district, Kendari. The subjects were 15 fourth-grade teachers and 60 elementaryschool students from SD 05 Mandonga. Data related to knowledge and behavior of the students werecollected and analyzed. The pre- and post-nutrition learning models were analyzed by interview using a questionnaire. Data were statistically tested using paired t-test. Learning model that was developedwas named Model Pembelajaran Gizi Kontekstual or CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning). There was significant improvement in terms of nutritional knowledge and behavior of the studentsbefore and after introduction to a song titled Kebiasaan Makanku and to a flipchart themed Mengenal Jenis dan Manfaat Makanan. There is a need for nutrition education for elementaryschool teachers, especially for the fourth grade. Thus, teachers would have good knowledge onnutrition and therefore, they could use it to educate their students. Eventually, it would helpimplementation of CTL model.

Objective:The study sought to assess the influence of nutrition education and intervention programmes on nutrition knowledge and dietary practice among both students and staff (including faculty) of Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in Saudi Arabia.Design:A pretest–posttest, non-randomised experimental study design was implemented at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in Riyadh City between September 2019 and February 2020.Setting:Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University is the largest women’s university in the world and has eighteen colleges and institutions and around ninety academic programmes.Participants:The survey was completed by 1824 participants (1350 students and 474 staff/faculty) before the intervention and by a different cohort of 1731 participants (1317 students and 414 staff/faculty) after the intervention. In total, an independent sample of 3555 staff and students participated. Participants were asked about dietary knowledge and practices. Dietary knowledge entailed food variety and nutrients, fast food and its poor nutritional value, and the influence of cooking style on the nutritional quality of food. Dietary practices involved eating breakfast; consuming salt/sugar, eating high-salt food; eating pre-packaged food and consumption of vegetables, fruits, supplements, water and caffeine.Results:The majority of the sample consisted of students (75·1 %) and had not been diagnosed with any disease (73·7 %). The result of the current study showed that nutrition knowledge improved after completion of the nutrition programme.Conclusions:The nutrition awareness programme improved students’ nutritional knowledge; however, there was no significant effect on their dietary practices. Future nutrition awareness programmes should separate activities for students and staff, focusing on one target population at a time.

Objective:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease and a major global health-related issue. Knowledge, attitude and behaviours associated with this disease are being developed. Infected animals and consumption of contaminated foods are probably the main sources of this viral infection. Adhering to a healthy diet is effective in preventing patient affliction and recovery. Thus, the present research aims to determine the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behaviours associated with COVID-19 among Residents of Gonabad, Iran.Design:The present online cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2020 on 389 people selected through convenient sampling method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire developed by the present researchers comprising four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude and nutritional behaviour. The collected data were analysed statistically in SPSS.Setting:Gonabad city in Khorasan Razavi in the Northeast of Iran.Participants:All people at or above 18 years of age.Results:The present results revealed that the mean age of the participants was 37·3 ± 11·3 years. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude and nutritional behaviour were, respectively, 9·7 ± 1·4, 14·3 ± 3·5 and 29·6 ± 4·2. The mean scores for nutritional knowledge and attitude showed no statistically significant correlation with age, education, occupation, marital status and economic status. However, the mean nutritional behaviour score was significantly higher among women than men (P = 0·004).Conclusions:Participants’ nutritional attitude and behaviour regarding COVID-19, at its early stage in Iran, were average and above average. The public education provided with this regard can have affected this result.

Objective. To investigate the effects of health education combined with dietary guidance on nutritional indicators, immune level, and quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Method. A total of 123 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were hospitalized to our hospital between October 2019 and October 2020 were chosen for the study and were separated into 60 control cases and 63 observation cases based on the ward they were assigned to. Patients in the two groups were compared in terms of nutritional risk, nutritional indicator levels in serum, immunological function, treatment compliance, sputum culture conversion rate, and quality of life. Result. With the prolongation of patients’ illness, the total NRS 2002 score gradually increased in both groups and the total NRS 2002 score of patients in the control group was higher than that of patients in the observation group at the same time point after discharge. The difference between the total NRS 2002 score of patients in both groups was significant at 3 and 6 months after discharge. After the intervention, the Hb, ALB, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels of patients in both groups were higher than those at the time of admission, and the CD8+ levels were lower than those at the time of admission. At 6 months after discharge, the Hb, ALB, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the CD8+ levels were significantly lower than those in the control group. The treatment compliance rate of patients in the observation group (96.83%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (75%), and the negative sputum culture transfer rate (85.71%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (60%). The overall quality of life scores of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion. Health education combined with dietary guidance for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can deepen patients’ understanding of disease and nutritional knowledge, improve treatment compliance, improve their nutritional status, enhance their immune function, accelerate sputum bacterial conversion, enhance treatment effect, and improve their quality of life.

Establishing healthy eating habits is considered to be a sustainable strategy for health maintenance, and mobile applications (apps) are expected to be highly effective among the young-aged population for healthy eating promotion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a dietary monitoring app on younger adults&rsquo, nutrition knowledge and their dietary habits. A controlled-experimental study was performed with one experimental group having a three-hour nutrition seminar and 12 weeks of dietary monitoring with the app, and one control group receiving a three-hour nutrition seminar. Behavioral feedback delivered by the app was evaluated in facilitating the transfer of nutritional knowledge to nutrition behavior. A total of 305 younger adults aged from 19 to 31 were recruited. Baseline and post-intervention nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior were collected. All mean scores of post-GNKQ-R increased from baseline for both the control and the experimental groups. The mean differences of sugar intake, dietary fiber intake, and vitamin C intake for the experimental group were significantly more than those for the control group (all p &lt, 0.001). In addition, the experimental group increased fruit and vegetable consumption significantly more than the control group (all p &lt, 0.001). For those younger adults with a relatively large body size, they were more likely to increase fruit consumption with the application of dietary monitoring.

Data concerning overweight and obesity in children and adolescent populations are alarming and represent one of the most serious public health problems of our time. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the school environment may play an important role in health promotion with regard to nutritional aspects. This article reports the results of a study conducted in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), aimed at providing an integrated surveillance of the behaviors related to nutrition habits in students and the hygienic and nutritional conditions of the school’s canteens attended by enrolled students. To this purpose, a sample of 501 students attending primary school (third class—children approximately eight years old) replied to a validated questionnaire, and official controls (OC), of both food and nutritional safety, were performed in 22 primary schools. A team of healthcare professionals carried out the study, and the implementation of all the prescribed improvement actions were subsequently verified through follow-up OC. The results of our study show a critical situation in the student sample, with 41.3% of children having a weight excess (overweight or obesity). With regard to the children’s behaviors, only 59.8% of children ate at least one fruit or had a fruit juice for breakfast, and 10.8% did not have breakfast at all. Overall, 40.1% of the total children played outdoors the afternoon before the survey and 45% reported going to school on foot or by bicycle. During the afternoon, 83.5% of the sample watched television or used video games/tablets/mobile phones, while 42.3% played sports. The schools had an internal canteen with on-site preparation of meals in 36.4%, the remaining 63.6% received meals from external food establishments. With regard to OC, for the hygienic–sanitary section, eleven prescriptions were issued, in the great part related to the structure and organization of the canteen. For the nutritional section, nine corrective actions were prescribed, mainly related to official documents and management. The follow-up OC showed that all prescriptions were subsequently addressed. Eating at school was less frequent among obese and overweight students compared with those with normal weight. Although this evidence needs to be further confirmed, it highlights the potential role that the school canteens may play in health promotion and prevention of nutritional disorders. On the other hand, in order to fulfill its health promotion task, the school canteens have to comply with official regulations and guidelines, therefore, OC during the management of the food service at school are needed.

International audience; Background & aims: Nutritional knowledge in patients with SARS-Cov2 infection (COVID-19) is limited. Our objectives were: i) to assess malnutrition in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, ii) to investigate the links between malnutrition and disease severity at admission, iii) to study the impact of malnutrition on clinical outcomes such as transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU) or death.Methods: Consecutive patients hospitalized in a medicine ward at a university hospital were included from March 21st to April 24th 2020 (n = 114, 60.5% males, age: 59.9 ± 15.9 years). Nutritional status was defined using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Clinical, radiological and biological characteristics of COVID-19 patients were compared according to the presence of malnutrition. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between nutritional parameters and unfavourable outcomes such as transfer to intensive care unit (ICU) or death.Results: The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 42.1% (moderate: 23.7%, severe: 18.4%). The prevalence of malnutrition reached 66.7% in patients admitted from ICU. No significant association was found between nutritional status and clinical signs of COVID-19. Lower albumin levels were associated with a higher risk of transfer to ICU (for 10 g/l of albumin, OR [95%CI]: 0.31 [0.1; 0.7]; p < 0.01) and this association was independent of age and CRP levels.Conclusions: COVID-19 in medical units dedicated to non-intensive care is associated with a high prevalence of malnutrition, especially for patients transferred from ICU. These data emphasize the importance of early nutritional screening in these patients to adapt management accordingly.

Vocational training of students in diet habits and active lifestyle habits has recently become an important issue, given the health problems caused as a result of a poor diet. The objective of this study is to analyze the e ectiveness of di erent training actions (traditional method and digital resources) carried out in a program of dietary habits and active lifestyle at the vocational training stage. A quasi-experimental design of the pre-post type was developed. A sample of 177 participants was chosen. The instrument to collect the data was the validated ECHAES questionnaire. The results show that all study groups demonstrated similar averages across all dimensions, except in the digital resource post-test design, where the averages were higher than the rest. There was a significant relationship between the traditional teaching method and the post-test digital resources design in all dimensions. There was also a significant relationship between the pre-test and post-test of the traditional teaching method and the digital resource group in the dimensions. It can be concluded that both the traditional and the innovative method lead to learning in the vocational training student, although the values achieved by the group where the innovative method was adopted were much higher than in the traditional group., University of Granada (Spain) CNT-4315

(1) Background: It is recommended that an athlete, in order to ensure correct nutrition and performance, should consume between 1.2 and 2.0 g/kg/day of protein, while the daily recommended protein intake for a non-athlete is 0.8and 0.9 mg/kg/day. It is unclear if athletes living in Mediterranean countries are able to meet protein requirements without supplementation, since Mediterranean diet de-emphasizes meat and meat products. (2) Methods: 166 athletes (125 males) enrolled between 2017 and 2019 were required to keep a dietary journal for three consecutive days (2 workdays and 1 weekend day). Athletes had to be &gt, 18 years old, train in a particular sport activity more than 3 h a week and compete at least at an amateur level. Journal data were collected and then translated into macro-nutrient content (grams of protein, carbohydrates, and lipids) by a nutritionist. (3) Results: The protein intake reported by this specific population vary slightly from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), Dietitians of Canada (DC), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) joint statement recommendation level. Average protein levels without protein supplementation fell within the protein guidelines. Counterintuitively, the intake among those who supplemented their diet with protein was higher compared with those who did not, even when excluding the contribution of supplements. Although the majority of subjects participating in the study were able to meet protein intake recommended for athletes without protein supplementation, 27% of athletes were below the guideline range. (4) Conclusions: these data suggest that athletes&rsquo, nutrition should be more often evaluated by a nutritionist and that they will benefit from increasing their nutritional knowledge in order to make better food choices, resorting to protein supplementation only when effectively needed.

Los adultos mayores en el sur de Ecuador a menudo desconfian de los consejos de los nutricionistas cuando implementan cambios en sus practicas dieteticas. Esta desconfianza no es un desprecio manifiesto por el conocimiento nutricional experto, sino mas bien el resultado de practicas estructurales y situadas que combinan sospechas, desinformacion, limitaciones financieras y cuidado familiar. En este articulo, examinamos las practicas alimentarias de los adultos mayores del sur de Ecuador para comprender como se construye la desconfianza nutricional. Al hacerlo, nuestro objetivo es comprender como los adultos mayores incorporan, o no, conocimientos nutricionales expertos en sus practicas alimentarias. Al documentar etnograficamente las practicas alimentarias diarias entre los adultos mayores en sus hogares, junto con los discursos nutricionales de expertos, nuestros hallazgos revelan que, en primer lugar, existe una comprension local de "comer sano" conectado a las realidades vividas (por ejemplo, practicas agricolas, toxicidad agricola, edad, educacion, etc.). polifarmacia, lazos de parentesco) y, en segundo lugar, una desconexion entre el conocimiento nutricional experto y las practicas alimentarias vinculadas a como se produce y difunde el conocimiento (por ejemplo, relaciones de poder, vocabulario cientifico, percepciones de la salud). Comprender como los adultos mayores generan confianza en torno a la alimentacion puede ser un terreno fertil para promover un asesoramiento dietetico mas eficaz y adecuado entre comunidades o grupos especificos, como los adultos mayores.

Dietary habits in adolescence persist into adulthood, thus, it is important to identify the factors that influence adolescent diet and establish a healthy diet. This study aimed to examine the association between mothers&rsquo, nutrition knowledge and their children&rsquo, s nutrient intake inadequacy among Japanese junior high school student&ndash, mother dyads. The participants were 288 students and their mothers. Data regarding mothers&rsquo, nutrition knowledge were obtained using a validated, self-administered general nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Japanese adults (JGNKQ). Participants were categorised into two groups according to the mothers&rsquo, total JGNKQ scores. Adolescents&rsquo, dietary habits during the preceding month were assessed using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed using the cut-point method, which showed that 14 nutrients were below &ldquo, estimated average requirement (EAR)&rdquo, and five nutrients were outside the range of &ldquo, tentative dietary goal to prevent lifestyle-related diseases (DG)&rdquo, In the habitual daily nutrient intakes and the proportion of nutrient intake inadequacy of the students, no differences were observed according to mother&rsquo, s nutritional knowledge level. Our findings suggest that mothers&rsquo, nutrition knowledge may not be directly associated with adolescents&rsquo, nutrient intake among Japanese junior high school student&ndash, mother dyads.

Objective:The purpose of the study was to analyse the dietary habits identified by diet quality scores (DQS) in the scope of body fatness (BF) and nutritional knowledge (NK) of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women.Design:Case–control study. The DQS were accessed by Dietary Habits, and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN, The Committee of Human Nutrition, Polish Academy of Science) included food frequency consumption of thirty-three food items and was formulated by six diet indexes: Pro-Healthy-Diet-Index (pHDI-10), Non-Healthy-Diet-Index (nHDI-14), High-Glycemic-Diet-Index-7 (hGIDI-7), Low-Glycemic-Diet-Index-4 (lGIDI-4), High-Sugar-Diet-Index-4 (hSDI-4) and High-Saturated-Fats-Diet-Index-8 (hSFDI-8). The BF was analysed by air displacement plethysmography (BodPod, Life Measurement Inc.). NK was assessed by using the twenty-five ‘true or false’ statements included in the KomPAN questionnaire.Setting:Poland, Clinical Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Diseases.Participants:The study group included 122 PCOS women and 116 age- and socio-economic status-matched healthy controls (CON) aged 17–44 years.Results:Higher BF and lower NK in PCOS womenv. controls were observed. PCOS women had a lower pHDI-10 and LGIDI-4 than CON. There was no relation between NK and DQS in PCOS women. The higher NK in the CON group was associated with increased intensity of pHDI-10 and lower frequency of hSFDI-8 levels.Conclusions:Pro-healthy DQS and NK of PCOS women in this study were lower than CON. Professional dietary education might improve dietary behaviours and understanding of the necessity of dietary habits modification in this group. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in the treatment of PCOS women.

Background Stunting, the most common type of malnutrition, has been a big burden for developing countries such as the Republic of Malawi. The state of malnutrition and the eating behavior of children were surveyed at the border between Malawi and Zambia using anthropometrical measurements and Household Diet Diversity Scores. Methods Two rural sites were chosen to compare the impact of empowering communities with nutritional knowledge. Children between 6 months and 5 years old were randomly recruited to evaluate nutritional status. Their caregivers were interviewed to collect Household Dietary Diversity Scores. Results Nutritional knowledge at the site where intervention had occurred was higher than at the site where intervention had not yet occurred. However, stunting prevalence at the site where intervention occurred was not statistically lower than site that had not experienced intervention. The Household Dietary Diversity Scores study revealed that some kinds of food groups were almost absent such as organ meat (kidney, liver, and heart), and dairy products but that cereals, spices, and other vegetables were almost 100% taken at both sites, and distance from market was not associated with diet diversity. Conclusions The fact that food diversity was not associated with distance from market would explain the limited food accessibility and poor utilization. Although animal resource foods are available at market, they were not been consumed. The profound challenge lays in their accessibility and utilization. A successful project would aim to introduce vitamin A-rich vegetables and would explore the sustainable production of animal resource foods in the community.

OBJECTIVES Pediatricians have an important role in the dietary education of children, and in the nutritional health of their patients. We aimed to assess nutritional knowledge, familiarity with guidelines, and attitudes of pediatricians regarding vegetarian diets. METHODS A cross-sectional study using a previously implemented questionnaire, distributed amongst a convenience sample of pediatricians in Israel. For each participant, scores of knowledge and of attitudes towards vegetarian diets were calculated. Scores were analyzed and compared between various categorizations of the respondents. RESULTS Of 270 respondents (60.4% female individuals), 14.1% were following a vegetarian or semi-vegetarian diet. The overall mean scores for knowledge and attitude were 37.9 ± 16.0% and 38.1 ± 20.7%, respectively. Among pediatricians currently following a vegetarian or semi-vegetarian diet, mean knowledge and attitude scores were higher by 12.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8-17.6, P

ObjectiveManagement of diet-related chronic diseases may benefit from improved nutrition education of medical students. This study aims to investigate the effects of a nutrition education course on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling in Dutch medical students.DesignThis is a pre–post intervention study with a comparison group. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling.ParticipantsIn total, 118 medical students (64.4% undergraduate, 73.2% women) were recruited from two medical schools in the Netherlands (n=66 intervention group, n=52 comparison group).InterventionThe intervention group completed a 25-hour course in nutritional counselling (the Students Experienced in Lifestyle and Food (SELF) course) in addition to the standard medical curriculum. The comparison group followed the standard medical curriculum.Outcome measuresSelf-reported nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling, including attitude, self-efficacy and social support.ResultsNutritional knowledge (B: 2.42, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.02), attitude in men (B: 0.50, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.87) and self-efficacy (B: 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.95) significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the comparison group. No significant differences were found for social support (B: 0.20, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.43) and attitude in women (B: 0.08, 95% CI −0.24 to 0.31) between the two groups.ConclusionsThe SELF course increased medical students’ nutritional knowledge and stimulated their intentions towards nutritional counselling. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of nutrition education interventions on physician practice patterns and patient outcomes.

Background and aim: Nutritional deficiencies are frequent in coeliac disease (CeD), mostly because of the nutritional deficits in gluten-free foods and because of wrong behaviors. We aimed to investigate the level of nutritional knowledge in a cohort of CeD patients in comparison with patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy subjects. Materials and methods: We consecutively recruited CeD patients and matched-sex and -age IBD patients between April and December 2019 at the University Hospital of Padua outpatient clinic. Healthy subjects were also recruited from family and friends of the hospital staff. The CeD patients were asymptomatic on a gluten-free diet, whereas the IBD patients were in remission. All of the subjects completed the Moynihan validated questionnaire to measure their nutritional knowledge. Results: We included 96 CeD patients, 96 IBD patients, and 65 healthy controls. We found that CeD patients were less aware of nutritional recommendations compared with healthy subjects (HS), and were less able to identify nutrient sources compared with IBD patients and to choose healthy food compared with both groups. The Moynihan questionnaire mean total score was not significantly different between CeD and IBD groups (mean 22.5 &plusmn, 2.3 for CeD, 22.0 &plusmn, 2.2 for IBD), while it was statistically significantly worse in CeD compared with healthy subjects (mean 21.2 &plusmn, 2.3 for HS, p = 0.001). Conclusions: CeD patients tend to focus their diet on gluten avoidance, while IBD patients tend to follow a healthier diet, probably because they believe that diet plays a major role in regulating inflammation and, therefore, their symptoms. A dietitian consultation at CeD diagnosis is recommended.

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge levels of pregnant women. The study was undertaken on a sample of pregnant women (i = 743) attending health centers in Istanbul for prenatal care. Nutrition knowledge scores were significantly higher in posttest (23.0) than pretest (16.0) after receiving nutrition education (p .001). Significant differences in pretest (p .05) but not posttest (p .05) scores were found for factors, such as education level, work status, and the number of pregnancies; significant differences in both test scores were found for age and nutrition information (p .05). In conclusion, pregnant women need to be given adequate and appropriate nutrition education for maternal and child health according to sociodemographic characteristics.

Inadequate nutritional intake has been reported during ultra-endurance training and competition. While substandard nutritional knowledge may contribute to inappropriate nutritional choices, the relationship between these variables is often weak. As such, this study investigated the importance of a range of factors to the food choices of ultra-endurance athletes. An existing food choices questionnaire was extended to reflect the main factors proposed to influence the food choices of these athletes. The questionnaire was pilot tested with endurance athletes, during which, it was refined and reassessed for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Subsequently, 101 experienced ultra-endurance athletes completed the amended questionnaire. Athletes also documented dietary restrictions or strategies employed in preparation for competition. The factors rated as important by the majority of the athletes were "provides me with energy", "do not cause me gastrointestinal discomfort" and, "are nutritious". Despite the high importance of the provision of energy, only 38.2% of participants reported following a high carbohydrate diet in preparation for competition. In addition, given that nutritious foods are typically high in fibre, it is likely that this factor may conflict with the avoidance of gastrointestinal discomfort. The potential incompatibility of these factors may help explain the observed suboptimal nutritional intake.

To determine the prevalence of poor food knowledge and food restrictions among families of children with cancer and assess their impact on nutritional outcomes.In this cross-sectional study of 700 families of children with cancer who attended a referral cancer clinic, parents were asked 9 questions about nutritional knowledge ("Knowledge score") and 12 questions about food restrictions ("Restriction score"). Secondary outcomes included the nutritional status of children and possible socio-demographic associations of poor food knowledge.Commercial foods were considered more nutritious than homemade foods. Restriction of protein and energy-rich foods was frequent. Low knowledge scores were associated with rural background, poverty, and illiteracy. Low parental knowledge scores were associated with low weight and low height of the child. High restriction scores were associated with low weight but not low height.Harmful perceptions are widely prevalent in parents of children with cancer and targeted educational interventions may have a role in improving malnutrition in these children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot study of a parental school-based intervention to promote healthy eating behaviours in young children.DesignA quasi-experimental longitudinal design with three conditions (complete intervention (CIG), minimal intervention (MIG), control (CG)), with repeated measures at baseline, immediately after the intervention, 6 months and 1 year after intervention.SettingFourteen public and state-funded kindergartens near Lisbon, Portugal.SubjectsParents (n349) of 3- to 6-year-old children assigned to the three conditions completed the baseline protocol. The ‘Red Apple’ intervention included four parental group sessions about young children’s growth, nutritional guidelines and positive parental feeding strategies, which was combined with adult–child activities at home and in the classroom, and newsletters (CIG). MIG included only a single nutritional counselling session, whereas the CG had no intervention. At the end, thirty-eight, twenty-six and fifty-four parents in the CIG, MIG and CG, respectively, had completed all evaluation components. Data regarding parental perception of children’s weight, self-efficacy, nutritional knowledge, feeding strategies, eating behaviours and BMI were collected at the four assessment moments.ResultsThe CIG showed improvements in children’s healthy food intake, compared with the MIG and CG. Parental self-efficacy regarding the regulation of children’s eating behaviours decreased in the CG but not in both intervention groups.ConclusionsConsidering the low dosage of the intervention, the results obtained were positive. Future studies should offer additional solutions to overcome barriers to parents’ participation.

Learning how to provide nutritional counseling to patients should start early in undergraduate medical education to improve the knowledge, comfort, and confidence of physicians. Two nutrition workshops were developed for first-year medical students. The first workshop, co-led by physicians and registered dieticians, focused on obtaining nutrition assessments. The second workshop focused on the appropriate dietary counseling of patients with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk. We surveyed students before workshop 1, after workshop 1, and after workshop 2 to assess their perceptions of the value of physician nutrition knowledge and counseling skills as well as their own comfort in the area of nutritional knowledge, assessment, and counseling. We found a significant improvement in their self-assessed level of knowledge regarding counseling patients, in their comfort in completing a nutritional assessment, and in their confidence in advising a patient about nutrition by the end of the first workshop. By the time of the second workshop five months later, students continued to report a high level of knowledge, comfort, and confidence. The implementation of clinical nutrition workshops with a focus on assessment, management, and counseling was found to be effective in increasing student’s self-assessed level of knowledge as well as their confidence and comfort in advising patients on nutrition. Our findings further support the previous assertion that clinical nutrition education can be successfully integrated into the pre-clerkship medical school curriculum.

Item does not contain fulltext Objective: Serious games are a promising venue to increase children's nutritional knowledge in an entertaining format. The aim of this study was to test the short-term effectiveness of the Alien Health Game, a videogame designed to teach elementary school children about nutrition and healthy food choices. Materials and Methods: To examine the effects of the Alien Health Game, an experimental design with a single between-subjects factor (experimental condition vs. active control condition) was used. A total of 108 Dutch children (10-13 years; 58 boys) were randomly assigned to either play Alien Health using the Kinect sensor for two consecutive days, for 1 hour of gameplay (experimental condition; n = 50), or a web-based nutrition game for the same period (active control condition; n = 58). Participants' nutritional knowledge was assessed at pretest, immediate, and at 2-week follow-up. Food intake was assessed at immediate and 2-week follow-up. Results: Participants who played Alien Health had better knowledge of the five most important macronutrients of foods at immediate posttest, but not at follow-up. Participants were better able to distinguish the healthier food item out of two options over time, but this effect did not differ for those in the experimental versus the active control condition. No differences in food intake, neither in the consumption of nutrient-dense or energy-dense foods, were found between children playing both games. Conclusion: A brief game-based intervention like the Alien Health Game has the potential to improve children's nutritional knowledge in the short term, but may not be strong enough to increase nutritional knowledge and actual eating behavior in the long term. Further investigation is warranted before this game is applied in future nutrition education programs. 11 p.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial determinants for maintaining weight loss. Methods: 42 obese individuals who achieved a 12% weight loss before entering a 52-week weight maintenance program were interviewed qualitatively. Psychosocial factors related to weight loss maintenance were identified in two contrasting groups: weight reducers and weight regainers. Groups were defined by health-relevant weight maintenance (additional weight loss > 3% at week 52, n = 9 versus weight gain > 3%, at week 52, n = 20). Results: Weight reducers reported structured meal patterns (p = 0.008), no comfort eating (p = 0.016) and less psychosocial stress (p = 0.04) compared to weight regainers. The ability to instrumentalize eating behavior emerged as an important factor (p = 0.007). Nutritional knowledge, motivation or exercise level did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Successful weight loss maintenance was associated with an interplay between behavioral, affective and contextual changes. ‘Instrumentalization of eating behavior' seems to be an important element in long-term weight maintenance. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial determinants for maintaining weight loss. Methods: 42 obese individuals who achieved a 12% weight loss before entering a 52-week weight maintenance program were interviewed qualitatively. Psychosocial factors related to weight loss maintenance were identified in two contrasting groups: weight reducers and weight regainers. Groups were defined by health-relevant weight maintenance (additional weight loss > 3% at week 52, n = 9 versus weight gain > 3%, at week 52, n = 20). Results: Weight reducers reported structured meal patterns (p = 0.008), no comfort eating (p = 0.016) and less psychosocial stress (p = 0.04) compared to weight regainers. The ability to instrumentalize eating behavior emerged as an important factor (p = 0.007). Nutritional knowledge, motivation or exercise level did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Successful weight loss maintenance was associated with an interplay between behavioral, affective and contextual changes. ‘Instrumentalization of eating behavior' seems to be an important element in long-term weight maintenance.