Author: "Martin Hill" / Topic: humans - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

245 results on '"Martin Hill"'

1. <scp>FADS1</scp> gene polymorphism(s) and fatty acid composition of serum lipids in adolescents

Author: Josef Vcelak, Barbora Staňková, V Hainer, Tereza Metelcová, Marie Kunešová, Hana Zamrazilová, Martin Hill, Milena Hovhannisyan, Eva Tvrzická, and M. Vaňková
Subjects: Fatty Acid Desaturases, Male, Pediatric Obesity, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, FADS1, Blood lipids, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Child, Fatty Acid Desaturase 1, Alleles, chemistry.chemical_classification, Fatty Acids, Organic Chemistry, Fatty acid, Cell Biology, SNP genotyping, Minor allele frequency, Endocrinology, chemistry, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Arachidonic acid, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence many physiological functions. Associations have been found between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FADS1 (Fatty acid desaturase 1) gene and the relative abundance of PUFA in serum lipids. This study examines the relationship between two SNPs in the FADS1 gene (rs174546, rs174537) and the fatty acid (FA) composition of serum lipids in adolescents (13-18 years). We used DNA samples (670 children; 336 girls and 334 boys) from the Childhood Obesity Prevalence and Treatment (COPAT) project. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes in whole blood samples. For genotype analysis, TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems) were used. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids was assessed using gas chromatography. The T-statistic and regression were used for statistical evaluations. Minor allele T carriers in both SNPs had significant lower level of palmitic acid (16:0, phospholipids) and arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6], phospholipids) in both sexes. In girls, we found a significant positive association between minor allele T carriers and eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6], cholesteryl esters) in both SNPs. Being a minor allele T carrier was significantly positively associated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3[n-6], phospholipids) in boys in both SNPs. SNPs (including rs174546, rs174537) in the FADS gene cluster should have impacted desaturase activity, which may contribute to different efficiency of PUFA synthesis.
Published: 2021

2. Vitamin D as a Possible COVID-19 Prevention Strategy

Author: Marie Bičíková, Ludmila Máčová, and Martin Hill
Subjects: Organic Chemistry, COVID-19, vitamin D, LC-MS/MS determination, General Medicine, Vitamins, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Vitamin D, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Calcifediol, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: Vitamin D is no longer considered an agent only affecting calcium phosphate metabolism. A number of studies over the past few years have demonstrated its role in immunomodulation and its influence on the development and functioning of the brain and nervous system. In the current epidemiological crisis caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the immunoprotective role of vitamin D has been discussed by some authors regarding whether it contributes to protection against this serious disease or whether its use does not play a role. Non-standard approaches taken by laboratories in examining the serum levels of the vitamin D metabolite calcidiol have contributed to inconsistent results. We examined the serum of 60 volunteers in the spring and autumn of 2021 who declared whether they were taking vitamin D at the time of sampling. Furthermore, the tested participants noted whether they had experienced COVID-19. A newly developed liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used to measure calcidiol levels. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) model of Statgraphics Centurion 18 statistical software from Statgraphics Technologies was used for calculations. The results of this study showed that those who took vitamin D suffered significantly less often from COVID-19 than those who did not take vitamin D.
Published: 2022

3. Steroid metabolome and multiple pregnancy

Author: Andrej, Černý, Zdeněk, Laštůvka, Martin, Hill, and Antonín, Pařízek
Subjects: Fetus, Pregnancy, Placenta, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Humans, Female, Steroids, Child, Neurosteroids, Progesterone
Abstract: Steroid bio synthesis occurs in adrenal, gonadal, brain, liver, and placental tissues. Depending on the location of their activity, steroids can be divided into two groups – intracellular and extracellular. Intracellular ones act as transcription factors, suppressing or activating gene expression – they have a so-called genomic effect and therefore their onset of action is slow. Steroids acting extracellularly (non-genome effect) bind to neurotransmitter receptors located on the cytoplasmic cell membrane and thus affect the permeability of the ion channels, the effect of which is much faster, and we refer to them as neuroactive steroids or neurosteroids. While neuroactive steroids can be produced in different tissues of the body, or can be administered externally, neurosteroids are synthetized in cells of the nervous system. Some neuroactive steroids whose levels are extremely elevated in pregnancy (progesterone and its metabolites) are crucial in stabilizing pregnancy and changes in their concentration may influence the onset of parturition. Steroidogenic disorders may be involved in a number of pregnancy pathologies such as premature birth, pre-eclampsia, intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy, etc. Our research in collaboration with the Department of Steroids and Proteofactors of the Institute of Endocrinology in Prague also focuses on the investigation of multiple pregnancies in terms of bio synthesis, transport, and the effects of steroids. Studies available in the literature so far have not provided a comprehensive analysis of the steroidome in children and mothers in multiple pregnancies. The aim of our research is therefore to clarify the relationships between fetuses and mothers and between fetuses from the point of view of steroid synthesis and transport as well as the physiology and pathophysiology of human pregnancy and childbirth. Key words: fetomaternal steroidome – neuroactive steroids – pregnancy complication – multiple pregnancy
Published: 2022

4. Progesterone: A Steroid with Wide Range of Effects in Physiology as Well as Human Medicine

Author: Lucie Kolatorova, Jana Vitku, Josef Suchopar, Martin Hill, and Antonin Parizek
Subjects: Organic Chemistry, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, Catalysis, Hormones, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Progestins, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Progesterone
Abstract: Progesterone is a steroid hormone traditionally linked with female fertility and pregnancy. In current reproductive medicine, progesterone and its analogues play crucial roles. While the discovery of its effects has a long history, over recent decades, various novel actions of this interesting steroid have been documented, of which its neuro- and immunoprotective activities are the most widely discussed. Discoveries of the novel biological activities of progesterone have also driven research and development in the field of progesterone analogues used in human medicine. Progestogen treatment has traditionally and predominately been used in maintaining pregnancy, the prevention of preterm labor, various gynecological pathologies, and in lowering the negative effects of menopause. However, there are also various other medical fields where progesterone and its analogues could find application in the future. The aim of this work is to show the mechanisms of action of progesterone and its metabolites, the physiological and pharmacological actions of progesterone and its synthetic analogues in human medicine, as well as the impacts of its production and use on the environment.
Published: 2022

5. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, David Abdo, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Amina Abdulle, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Sara Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Lisa Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Debo Ademokun, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Dominic Affron, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Humayun Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Sophia Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Francis Ajeneye, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Tahir Akbar, Naim Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Olajide Akinwumiju, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Karina Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Manaf Al-Bayati, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Hoodo Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sabira Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Allameddine Allameddine, Fiona Allan, Rachel Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Beverley Allen, Eireann Allen, Jess Allen, Kerry Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Balaal Alyas, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Kenneth Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Mariam Ammoun, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Rekha Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, George Apostolides, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Emily Arbon, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Andrea Arroyo, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Glen Ashby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Abigail Asquith, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Richard Athay-Hunt, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Claire Atterbury, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ni Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr Mishamandani, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Stephen Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Sanchia Baines, Vikram Bains, Aimi Baird, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Charles Baker, Emma Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Julie Balaam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Gagan Bali, Sonya Balkee, Ceri Ball, Kasia Ballard, Amy Ballinger, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Tanya Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Millie Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Lauren Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Oliver Bannister, Bharat Bansal, Robert Banthorpe, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya Mouli Baral, Desislava Baramova, Alex Barber, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Miriam Barbosa, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Matthew Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Joe Barry, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Gilda Bass, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Pavinder Bassi, Betsy Bassis, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anupam Basumatary, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Ian Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Donna Batty, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Peter Baughan, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Lydia Baxter, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Charlotte Baylem, Lee Bayliss, Eileen Bays, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kirk Beard, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Beharry, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gill Bell, Gillian Bell, Joshua Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Alexander Bennett, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Christopher Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Ian Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Sara Bennett, Karen Bennion, Vivienne Benson, Jane Benstead, Andrew Bentley, Dionne Bentley, James Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Marnie Berwick, Kimberley Best, Ans-Mari Bester, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ashwin Bhandari, Sangam Bhandari, Aashutosh Bhanot, Ravina Bhanot, Sruti Bhaskara, Prashanth Bhat, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhatnagar, Karan Bhatt, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Fatima Bibi, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Sarah Bidgood, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Carron Bilton, Teodirico Binas, Martin Binney, Alice Binns, Muhammad BinRofaie, Oliver Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Jenny Birch, Louann Birch, Janet Birchall, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Charndip Biring, Mark Birt, Raquel Bisa, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Karen Bisnauthsing, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Hayley Blackgrove, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Stuart Blackmore, Caroline Blackstock, Loraine Blackwood, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Alison Bland, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Mary Blanton, Parry Blaxill, Jenny Blaxland, Katie Blaylock, Jane Blazeby, Carol Blears, Natalie Blencowe, Donna Blofield, Ben Bloom, Jack Bloomfield, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Andrew Blunsum, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Blythe, Marilyn Boampoaa, Boniface Bobie, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Tanya Bodenham, Sherin Bodh, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Kristyna Bohmova, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed Owais Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Sarah Bollington, Sam Bolton, Charlotte Bomken, Charlotte Bond, Hayley Bond, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Wendy Bonnert, Lizzy Bonney, Leigh Boorman, Catherine Booth, Joanne Borbone, Cameron Borhani, Naomi Borman, Rachel Borrell, Mamu Boshir, Fiona Bottrill, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Stephen Bourke, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousfield, Lucy Boustred, Darren Bowen, Kaye Bowen, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Rachel Bowmer, Angie Bowring, Geoff Bowyer, Helen Bowyer, Carmel Boyd, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Maxine Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Osman Bozdag, Leanna Brace, David Brack, Charlotte Brackstone, Rob Bradburn, Jodie Bradder, Barry Bradley, Clare Jane Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Paul Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Sarah Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Denise Braganza, Suhail Brailsford, Jill Braithwaite, Marie Branch, Thomas Brankin-Frisby, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Sophie Brattan, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Angela Brazier, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Laura Bremner, Morwenna Brend, Giovanna Bretland, Chris Brewer, Hannah Bridge, Gavin Bridgwood, Hayley Briggs, Mark Briggs, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Chris Brightling, Lutece Brimfield, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Terri Brittin, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Andrew Broderick, Mary Brodsky, Fiona Brogan, David Broggio, Liz Brohan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Ceri Brookes, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Karen Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Philip Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, Nathaniel Broughton, Matt Brouns, Marie Browett, Alison Brown, Ammani Brown, Carly Brown, Catrin Brown, Chloe Brown, Elizabeth Brown, Ellen Brown, Heather Brown, Janet Brown, Louise Brown, Niall Brown, Pauline Brown, Rachel Brown, Richard Brown, Robert Brown, Steven Brown, Tom Brown, Wayne Brown, Bria Browne, Charlotte Browne, Duncan Browne, Mitchell Browne, Stephen Brownlee, Alba Brraka, David Bruce, Johanna Bruce, Michelle Bruce, Wojciech Brudlo, Nigel Brunskill, Alan Brunton, Margaret Brunton, Mandy Bryan, Meera Bryant, April Buazon, Maya Buch, Julie Buchan, Ruaridh Buchan, Alexis Buchanan, Ruaridh Buchanan, Danielle Buche, Amanda Buck, Matthew Buckland, Laura Buckley, Philip Buckley, Sarah Buckley, Carol Buckman, Kathleen Buckmire, George Bugg, Ramadan Bujazia, Marwan Bukhari, Shanze Bukhari, Richard Bulbulia, Alex Bull, Damian Bull, Rhian Bull, Thomas Bull, Naomi Bulteel, Kasun Bumunarachchi, Roneleeh Bungue-Tuble, Caroline Burchett, Dorota Burda, Christy Burden, Thomas G Burden, Mika Burgess, Paula Burgess, Richard Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Paula Burgett, Adrian Burman, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, John Burnett, Amanda Burns, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Samuel Burns, Sarah Burns, Daniel Burrage, Sadie Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Matthew Burton, Angela Busby, Deborah Butcher, Aaron Butler, Jessica Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Lesley Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Mohammad M Butt, Sophia Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Tom Buttle, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Eleanor Byworth, Amanda Cabandugama, Ruth Cade, Anthony Cadwgan, Donna Cairney, James Calderwood, Darren Caldow, Moira Caldwell, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Donaldson Callum, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sarah Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Lisa Canclini, Shaula Mae Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Nuria Cardenas, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Andrew Carlton, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Rebecca Carnegie, Charlotte Caroline, Emily Carpenter, Jodi Carpenter, David Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Samantha Carrington, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Caroline Carron, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Moira Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Simon Carter-Graham, Douglas Cartwright, Jo-Anne Cartwright, Claire Carty, Sinead Carty, Jaime Carungcong, Carolyn Carveth-Marshall, Susan Casey, Annie Cassells, Barbara Cassimon, Teresa Castiello, Gail Castle, Bridget Castles, Melanie Caswell, Ana Maria Catana, Heidi Cate, Susanne Cathcart, Katrina Cathie, Christine Catley, Laura Catlow, Matthew Caudwell, Jill Caulfield, Anna Cavazza, Luke Cave, Simon Cavinato, Frianne Cawa, Kathryn Cawley, Chloe Caws, Hankins Cendl, Hannah Century, Jeva Cernova, Mansur Cesay, Ed Cetti, Stephanie Chabane, Manish Chablani, Cathleen Chabo, David Chadwick, Julie Chadwick, Robert Chadwick, Ela Chakkarapani, Arup Chakraborty, Mallinath Chakraborty, Mollika Chakravorty, James Chalmers, Richard Chalmers, Georgina Chamberlain, Sarah Chamberlain, Emma Chambers, Jonathan Chambers, Lucy Chambers, Naomi Chambers, Alex Chan, Carmen Chan, Cheuk Chan, Evelyn Chan, Kayen Chan, Kimberley Chan, Ping Chan, Rebekah (Pui-Ching) Chan, Xin Hui Chan, Chris Chandler, Heidi Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Vikki Chandler-Vizard, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Cherry Chang, Yvonne Chang, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Linda Chapple, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Sally Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad YN Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Vipul Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, Iknam Chaven, Rosanna Chavez, Vipal Chawla, Maria Cheadle, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Suzanne Cherif, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Barry Chesterson, Betty Cheung, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Fateha Chowdhury, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Shabs Chucha, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Ben Church, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Nick Ciccone, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Wendy Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Francesca Clemons, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan Colbert, Carol Cole, Esther Cole, Jade Cole, Joby Cole, Julie Cole, Richard Cole, Sue Cole, Garry Coleman, Matt Coleman, Holly Coles, Rebecca Coles, Macleod Colin, Alicia Colino-Acevedo, Julie Colley, Dawn Collier, Heather Collier, Paul Collini, Emma Collins, Jaimie Collins, Joanne Collins, Nicola Collins, Sally Collins, Vicky Collins, Andrew Collinson, Bernadette Collinson, Jennifer Collinson, Matthew Collis, Madeleine Colmar, Hayley E Colton, James Colton, Katie Colville, Carolyn Colvin, Ryan Colwell, Edward Combes, David Comer, Alison Comerford, Mike Comery, Dónal Concannon, Robin Condliffe, Lynne Connell, Natalie Connell, Karen Connelly, Gavin Connolly, Mireille Connolly, Emma Connor, Samantha Conran, Antonia Conroy, Veronica Conteh, Rory Convery, Camilla Conway, Francesca Conway, Grainne Conway, Rhiannon Conway, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Colette Cook, Eloise Cook, Gemma Cook, Helen Cook, Julie Cook, Danielle Cooke, Graham Cooke, Katrina Cooke, Soo Cooke, Tim Cooke, Adele Cooper, Alison Cooper, Chris Cooper, David Cooper, Helen Cooper, Jamie Cooper, Joanne Cooper, Joshua Cooper, Laura Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Nick Cooper, Rowena Cooper, Emma Cooperwaite, Thomas Cope, Sinead Corbet, Carolyn Corbett, John Corcoran, Chris Cordell, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Joe Cornwell, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Mirella Corredera, Ruth Corrigan, Catherine Corry, Rita Corser, Denise Cosgrove, Tracey Cosier, Patricia Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Alice Cotton, Caroline Cotton, Katy Cotton, Andrew Coull, James Coulson, David Counsell, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Rebecca Cousins, Alexander Cowan, Elena Cowan, Ruth Cowburn, Richard Cowell, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Debra Anne Cox, Ellie Cox, Giles Cox, Karina Cox, Miriam Cox, Karen Coy, Beverly Craig, Victoria Craig, Felicity Craighead, Matthew Cramp, Beverley Crane, Jacolene Crause, Adrian Crawford, Angie Crawford, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Richard Crawforth, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Ryan Creighton, Joanne Cremona, Saveria Cremona, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Ian Cron, Derrick Crook, Jennifer Crooks, Helen Croot, Harriet Crosby, Sarah Cross, Tim Cross, Amy Crothers, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Amanda Crowder, Kate Crowley, Teresa Crowley, Rebecca Croysdill, Callum Cruickshank, Conor Cruickshank, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Helen Crumley, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Helen Cui, Donna Cullen, Lorraine Cullen, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Marie Cundall, Victoria Cunliffe, Lorraine Cunningham, Neil Cunningham, Nicola Cunningham, Jason Cupitt, Hollie Curgenven, Debra Curley, Gerens Curnow, David Curran, Simon Curran, Craig Currie, Jacqueline Currie, Scarlett Currie, Abi Curtis, Becca Curtis, Jonathan Curtis, Katrina Curtis, Olivia Curtis, Thomas Curtis, Rebecca Cuthbertson, Sean Cutler, Marta Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Joana da Rocha, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Phil Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Helen Dakers-Black, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Jolyon Dales, Helen Dalgleish, Nikki Dallas, Helen Dallow, Dermot Dalton, Zoe Daly, Akila Danga, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Nimo Daoud, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Tace Darling, Kate Darlington, Tom Darton, Guledew Darylile, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Michelle Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Arlene David, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Carolyn Davies, Catrin Davies, Cheryl Davies, Drew Davies, Elaine Davies, Ffyon Davies, Helen Davies, James Davies, Jane Davies, Jeni Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Louisa Davies, Mark Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Alison Davis, Gwyneth Davis, Illinos Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Alexander Davison, Sophia Davison, Mark Davy, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Helena Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy Day, Lynn Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Anthony de Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Alison Deary, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Raji Dehulia, Max Deighton, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Lisa Delaney, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Randle Derbyshire, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Brendan Devine, Sirjana Devkota, Nicola Dewland, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Jazz Dhaliwal, Kevin Dhaliwal, Jas Dhalliwal, Mandeep Dhanda, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Devesh Dhasmana, Aman Dhesi, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Pamela Diamond, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Stuart Dickson, Julie Dijo, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Maria Dineen, ThaiHa Dinh, Tri Dinh, Alex Dipper, Laura Dirmantaite, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Stephen Dixon-Mould, Brice Djeugam, Petr Dlouhy, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Joanne Donnachie, Christopher Donnelly, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Sinead Donton, Emma Dooks, Grainne Doran, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Amanda Dornan, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Kerry Dowling, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Philippa Downey, Robert Downey, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragomir, Cristina Dragos, Maire Drain, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Nikki Drogman, Graham Drummond, Ronald Druyeh, Simon Drysdale, An Du Thinh, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Ophias Dube, Stephen Duberley, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Emma Duffield, Sam Duff-Miller, Helen Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Helen Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Janice Duignan, Mick Duley, Simon Dummer, Andrew Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Gregory Duncan, Stephanie Dundas, Alessia Dunn, Charlotte Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Paul Dunn, Charlene Dunne, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Steve Durgacharan, Natalie Duric, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Hannah Durrington, Haris Duvnjak, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Ellen Dwyer, Claudia Dyball, Lee Dyble, Kristyn Dyer, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Laura Eagles, Joanne Early, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Kim East, Amy Easthope, Fraser Easton, Caroline Eaton, Caroline Eaton-Howell, Ruth Eatough, Adrian Ebbs, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Daniel Ebner, Martin Ebon, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Nicholas Edmond, Julie Edmonds, Dave Edmondson, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Alexandra Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Tomos Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Dawn Egginton, Loveth Ehiorobo, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Soha El Behery, Moulod El-Agnaf, Mohamed Elbeshy, Kate El-Bouzidi, Jennifer Elder, Mohammed El-Din, Diana Eleanor, Ibrahim Eletu, Eman Elfar, Mayy Magdy Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Mohammed El-Karim, Andrew Victor Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura Nicola Ellerton, Lucy Elliot, Amy Elliott, Chris Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Scott Elliott, Toby Elliott, Annie Ellis, Ann-Marie Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kay Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Megan Ellison, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Hannah-May Elmasry, Mohammed Elmi, Najla Elndari, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Robert Elshaw, Hosni El-Taweel, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberey, Jonathan R Emberson, John Emberton, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Michael Emms, Florence Emond, Marieke Emonts, Nicu Enachi, Angila Engden, Katy English, Emma Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Marios Erotocritou, Helen Escreet, Peter Eskander, Hanif Esmail, Lise Estcourt, Amy Evans, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Daren Evans, Debra Evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Jennifer Evans, Lisa Evans, Lynn Evans, Margaret Evans, Michelle Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Ryan Evans, Teriann Evans, Terry John Evans, Tony Eve, Caroline Everden, Serenydd Everden, Hayley Evison, Lynsey Evison, Penny Eyton-Jones, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, Jonathan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Qayyum Farah, Novin Fard, Amr Farg, Margaret Farinto, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Karen Farrar, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Kelly Feane, Simon Fearby, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, James Feely-Henderson, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongco, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Stephanie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Callum Jeevan Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari Gersogamo, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Len Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Sarah Finbow, Debbie Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Joanne Finden, Natalie Fineman, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Clare Finney, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Dani Fisher, Emily Fisher, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Meadow Fisher Crisp, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Lorraine Fitzgerald, Chloe Fitzpatrick-Creamer, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Cathy Flatters, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Karen Flewitt, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Kelly Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Sara Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Claire Foley, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela Mock Font, Evodian Fonyonga, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Kathy Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Yasin Fozdar, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Gayle Franklin, Jessica Franklin, Darron Franks, Catherine Fraser, Laura Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Matthew Free, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Ian Freestone, Eleanor French, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Jake Fryer, Janet Fu, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Neil Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Jenny Fullthorpe, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Charlene Furtado, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Diana Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Rose Gad, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Karen Galilee, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Abrar Gani, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Jill Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Kimberley Garnett, Robert Garney, Rosaline Garr, Michael Garstka, Peter Gartan, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Noha Gasmalseed, Michaela Gaspar, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Alison Geddis, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Minerva Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Chloe George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Hisham Ghanayem, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Andrew Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Joanne Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Sean Gilchrist, Benjamin Giles, Mandy Gill, Rose Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Matt Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Ana Glennon, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Gillian Godding, Emma Godson, Gerry Gogarty, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Philip Gold, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Sharif Goolam-Hossen, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Peter Gordon, Sally Gordon, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Diana Gorog, Jan Gorry, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Amanda Gould, Angela Gould, Susan Gould, Lysander Gourbault, Anna Gouveia, Abha Govind, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Pauline Gowdy, Hannah Gower, Thomas Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Beverley Graham, Clive Graham, Jane Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, Matthew Grant, Pauleen Grant, Rhys Gravell, Jenny Graves, Alasdair Gray, Catherine Gray, Georgina Gray, Harriet Gray, Ingrid Gray, Jackie Gray, Karen Gray, Nicola Gray, Sebastian Gray, Alan Grayson, Patricia Grealish, Fiona Greaves, Jack Greaves, Paul Greaves, Charlotte Green, Christopher Green, David Green, Frederick Green, Grace Green, Joel Green, Marie Green, Nicola Green, Stacey Green, Teresa Green, Diarra Greene, Philippa Greenfield, Alan Greenhalgh, Maraneka Greenslade, Daniel Greenwood, Sandra Greer, James Gregory, Jane Gregory, Katie Gregory, Tamsin Gregory, James Gregson, Jill Greig, Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Andrew Gribbin, Amy Gribble, Beverley Grice, Natasha Grieg, Douglas Grieve, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Alexandra Griffiths, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Mark Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sarah Griffiths, Sharon 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Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Emma Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Bill Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Becky-Lee Halls, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sara Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Elizabeth Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Ozan Hanci, Ian Hancock, Sadiyah Hand, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Sarah Haney, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Alison Hanlon, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Anita Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Helen Hanwell, Mazhar Ul Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Joanna Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, Emily Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Sandra Harlow, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Naomi Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, Alex Harrison, David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Heli Harvala, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Zena Haslam, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Wagae UI Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Stephanie Hatch, Jonathan Hatton, Sheryl Haviland, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Catherine Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Tanya Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Tamsin Haydon, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Vanessa Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Gemma Hector, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, Ulla Hemmila, Cassie Hemmings, Scott Hemphill, Deborah Hemsley, Abigail Henderson, Jennifer Henderson, Steven Henderson, Lee Hennen, Kathryn Hennessy, Natalie Hennesy, Carol Ann Henry, Joanne Henry, Karol Henry, Lavinia Henry, Margo Henry, Natalie Henry, David Henshall, Mike Herbert, Gillian Herdman, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Morag Herkes, Emma Heron, Kay Heron, William Herrington, Emilia Heselden, Peta Heslop, Sharnie Beth Hesson, Simon Hester, Emily Hetherington, Joseph Hetherington, Chamila Hettiarachchi, Pramodh Hettiarachchi, Hayley Hewer, John Hewertson, Anna Hewetson, Sue Hewins, Jacqueline Hewitson, Claire Hewitt, Davina Hewitt, Richard Hewitt, Robert Heyderman, Nicolette Heydon, Mathis Heydtmann, Joseph Heys, Jonathan Heywood, Gareth Heywood-Beldon, Meg Hibbert, John Hickey, Naomi Hickey, Peter Hickey, Alex Hicks, Jenny Hicks, Rosie Hicks, Scott Rory Hicks, Daniel Higbee, Lucy Higgins, Andrew Higham, Martin Highcock, Judith Highgate, Mondy Hikmat, Alison Hill, Amanda Hill, Helen Hill, Joanne Hill, Lisa Hill, Martin Hill, Phoebe Hill, Uta Hill, Annette Hilldrith, Elizabeth Hillerby, Catherine Hillman-Cooper, Elisabeth Hilton, Zoe Hilton, Sarah Hinch, Marcus Hinde, Andrew Hindle, Alice Hindmarsh, Paul Hine, Kim Hinshaw, Clare Hird, Alison Hirst, Jemma Hives, Benson Ho, Michaela Hoare, David Hobden, Gill Hobden, Maria Hobrok, Simon Hobson, Renate Hodge, Simon Hodge, Lesley Hodgen, Holly Hodgkins, Louise Hodgkinson, Sally Hodgkinson, David Hodgson, Helen Hodgson, Luke Hodgson, Sheila Hodgson, Gemma Hodkinson, Kenneth Hodson, Matthew Hogben, Lucy Hogg, Lee Hoggett, Abigail Holborow, Catherine Holbrook, Catherine Holden, Melinda Holden, Thomas Holder, Niels Holdhof, Hannah Holdsworth, Lisa Holland, Maureen Holland, Nicky Holland, Marie Hollands, Elizabeth Holliday, Nina Holling, Gillian Hollis, Laszlo Hollos, Linda Holloway, Simon Holloway, Marcus Hollyer, Amy Holman, Ann Holmes, Benjamin Holmes, Megan Holmes, Raphael Holmes, Rebecca Holmes, Kelly Holroyd, Caroline Holt, Lyndsey Holt, Siobhan Holt, Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Toni Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Laura Hontoria del Hoyo, Clare Hooper, Sarah Hoosdally, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Zoey Horne, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Nicola Horton-Turner, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Leanne Hostler, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Brittany Houghton, Catherine Houghton, Iain Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Angela Houston, Hamish Houston, Tawedzegwa Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Alison Howarth, Diane Howarth, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Joanne Hoyle, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Zaya Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang Ooi Huah Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Alex Hudson, Cara Hudson, Heather Hudson, Peter Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Eithne Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Laura Humber, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Lena Hunold, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Al Hunter, Alexandra Hunter, Isobel Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Yusra Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Wasim Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Raheem Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Monzeer Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Alison Imtiaz, Haider Imtiaz, Claire Ingall, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Adil Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Pamela Irving, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Ali Issa, Monica Ivan, Catrina Ivel, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Anthony Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Douglas Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Julie Jackson, Karin Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Sharon Jackson, Nikita Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Terri-Lisa Jacques-Brown, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Sam Jaggard, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Mark James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Azara Janmohamed, Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Lorraine Jappy, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Ann Jarvis, Claire Jarvis, Lisa Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Kauky Jawaid, Anu Jayachandran, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Zeynab Jeewa, Emma Jefferson, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Jenni Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Sue Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Rebecca Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge Antonio Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Jeby Jeyachandran, Visuvanathan Jeyakumar, Dharshana Jeyapalan, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Sarah John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Anne-Marie Johnson, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Zoe Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Hazel Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jamie Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Karen Jones, Kate E Jones, Kevin Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Lorna Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Annette Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Revati Joshi, Benz Josiah, Tiffany Joyce, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Katarina Kacinova, Nikhil Kadam, Rebecca Kahari, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard JK Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Mohamed Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth Arun Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Arul Kandaswamy, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, Vasita Kara, Marina Karakantza, Rona Kark, Nicholas Karunaratne, Natashja Kasianczuk, Vidya Kasipandian, Rizwan Kassam, Janarth Kathirgamachelvam, Victoria Katsande, Kulbinder Kaul, Daljit Kaur, Dervinder Kaur, Jasmin Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Satvinder Kaur, Zunaira Kausar, Mohammad AA Kawser, Andrea Kay, Sarah Kay, Jossy N Kayappurathu, Callum Kaye, Ahemd Kazeem, Naved Kazi, Sharon Kaznica, Samantha Kearley, Rachel Kearns, Nichola Kearsley, Joanne Keating, John Keating, Liza Keating, Elizabeth Keddie-Gray, Katie Keen, Natalie Keenan, Jonathan Kefas, Stephen Kegg, Laura Keith, Uzoamaka Keke, Tosin Kelani, Joanne Kellett, Jeremy Kellington, Alison Kelly, Conor Kelly, David Kelly, Diane Kelly, Dominic Kelly, Emma Kelly, Laura Kelly, Martin Kelly, Michael Kelly, Rosalind Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Stephen Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Marketa Keltos, Timothy Kemp, Kelly Kemsley, Alexandra Kendall-Smith, Sarah Kennard, Ann Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, James Kennedy, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Julia Kenny, Kelly Kent, Melanie Kent, Lynne Keogan, Alexander Keough, Clement Kerlin, A Kerr, Andrew Kerr, Maria Kerr, Caroline Kerrison, Anthony Kerry, Samantha Kershaw, Helen Kerslake, Ian Kerslake, Helen Kerss, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Margaret Kevern, Georgina Keyte, Abdul Khadar, Ali Khalid, Muhammad U Khalid, Syed Khalid, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Abubakar Khan, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Arham Khan, Asad Khan, Aurangzeb Khan, Burhan Khan, Camran Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Malik Aamaz Khan, Marria Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Mohammed Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahe Khan, Rahila Khan, Sabiya Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet Ei Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Jayne Khorsandi, Chloe Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, Eileen Killen, Susan Kilroy, Bomee Kim, Jee Whang Kim, Sarah Kimber, Andy King, Barbara King, Jennifer King, Kirsten King, Rachel King, Sarah King, Tony King, Victoria King, Emily King-Oakley, Laura Kingsmore, Andy King-Venables, Fiona Kinney, Sidra Kiran, Jeremy Kirk, Jodie Kirk, Daniel Kirkbride, Amy Kirkby, Ian Kirker, Emily Kirkham, Gemma Kirkman, Ursula Kirwan, Kelly Kislingbury, Toby Kitching, Laura Kitto, Lauren Kittridge, Sarah Klaczek, Frieder Kleemann, Susan Kmachia, Chris Knapp, Lucy Knibbs, Alicia Knight, Fraser Knight, Marian Knight, Sarah Knight, Steven Knight, Tom Knight, Ellen Knights, Jane Knights, Toby Knights, Martin Knolle, Carol Knott, Charlotte Knowles, Karen Knowles, Laurence Knowles, Emily Knox, Lucy Knox, Oliver Koch, Ronan Kodituwakku, Gouri Koduri, Aisha Koirata, Eirene Kolakaluri, Magdalena Kolodziej, Eirini Kolokouri, Keith Kolsteren, Samantha Kon, Niladri Konar, Mari Kononen, Athanasios Konstantinidis, Hui Fen Koo, Imogen Koopmans, Emmanuela Kopyj, Laura Korcierz, James Korolewicz, George Koshy, Chris Kosmidis, Jalpa Kotecha, Easwari Kothandaraman, Leonidas Koukouflis, Koushan Kouranloo, Rukhsana Kousar'c, Margarita Kousteni, Maja Kovac, Alex Kozak Eskenazia, Kestutis Krasauskas, Raghu Krishnamurthy, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Manju Krishnan, Hari Krishnan, Suzanne Krizak, Sean Krupej, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Soren Kudsk-Iversen, Aurimas Kudzinskas, Chirag Kukadiya, Nainesha Kulkarni, Aditi Kumar, Mayur Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Rita Kumar, Rupa Kumar, Satish Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Arun Kundu, Heinke Kunst, Amit Kurani, Mohammed Kurdy, Rincy Kurian, Vimal Kurmars, Cameron Kuronen-Stewart, Ranganai S Kusangaya, Vlad Kushakovsky, Mandy Kuunal, Apexa Kuverji, Amma Kyei-Mensah, Thyra Kyere-Diabour, Moe Kyi, Nyan M Kyi, Laura Kyle, Karali-Tsilimpari Kyriaki, Julius Labao, Louise Lacey, Nikki Lack, Emma Ladlow, Heather Lafferty, Shondipon Laha, Sushil Lahane, Clement Lai, James Lai, Emma Laing, Robert Laing, Inez Laing-Faiers, Emily Laity, Michelle Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Nick Lambe, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Abigail Lamikanra, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Rebecca Lanaway, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Wojciech Lason, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Darren Latimer, Nang Latt, Carly-Jane Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Colin Lawler, Mark Lawley, Emma Lawrence, Jo Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Jemima Lawson, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Rebecca Lawton, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna Leandro, Darren Leaning, Sandra Leason, Christina Leaver, Marie Anne Ledingham, Emma Lee, Hannah Lee, Irish Lee, Judith Lee, Sam Lee, Shi Han Lee, Simon Lee, Sindy Lee, Stephanie Lee, Tracey Lee, Xiang Lee, Diana Lees, Jennifer Lees, Helen Legge, Julian Leggett, Katie Leigh-Ellis, Kevan Leighton, Nicky Leitch, Eleni Lekoudis, Petula Lemessy, Nicholas Lemoine, Joana Lemos, Irina Lenchuk, Katy Leng, Katrina Lennon, Liz Lennon, Isabel Lentell, Kelly Leonard, Wen Leong, Nicky Leopold, Oskar Lepiarczyk, Isla Leslie, Eleni Lester, Joe Leung, Ullrich Leuschner, Emma Levell, Chris Levett, Alice Lewin, Michaela Lewin, Alison Lewis, David Lewis, Dee Lewis, Georgina Lewis, Gillian Lewis, Joanne Lewis, Joseph Lewis, Kathryn Lewis, Keir Lewis, Leon Lewis, Lisa Lewis, Marissa Lewis, Rob Lewis, Robert Lewis, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Lorraine Lewis-Prosser, Katherine Lewiston, Adam Lewszuk, Penny Lewthwaite, Samantha Ley, Anna Li, Jenny Li, Angela Liao, Victoria Licence, David Lieberman, Susan 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Kaatje Lomme, Emily London, Gabriella Long, Natalie Long, Bev Longhurst, Mark Longshaw, Jennifer Lonnen, Caroline Lonsdale, Laura Looby, Ronda Loosley, Paola Lopez, Paula Lopez, Robert Lord, Stuart Lord, Laura Lordache, Kieron Loregnard, Catherine Lorenzen, Claire Lorimer, Francesco Loro, Rachel Lorusso, Eva Loutraris, Robert Loveless, Maxine Lovell, Angeliki Loverdou, Huw Lovett, Daniel Loveys, Andrew Low, Jen Mae Low, Alastair Lowe, Caroline Lowe, Catherine Lowe, Emily Lowe, Faye Lowe, Michael Lowe, Linda Lowrey, Richard Lowsby, Vicki Lowthorpe, Emma Loxley, Gamu Lubimbi, Alexandra Lubina Solomon, Georgia Lucas, Jacob Lucas, Alice Lucey, Olivia Lucey, Suzanne Luck, H Luke, Jane Luke, Hayley Lund, Apurva Lunia, Muriel Lunn, Ji Luo, Julia Lussier, Cindy Nisha Luximon, Elisa Ly, Barrie Lyell, Elisavet Lyka, Sarah Lymn, Audrey Lynas, Ceri Lynch, Daniel Lynch, Daniella Lynch, Stephen Lynch, Helen Lyon, Rea-Grace Maamari, Hannah Mabb, Louies Mabelin, Jessica Macaro, Angela Macauley, Kateryna Macconaill, Chloe Macdonald, Stuart MacDonald, Tania MacDonald, Claire Macfadyen, James G Macfarlane, Jill Macfarlane, Laura Macfarlane, Cara MacGuigan, Lisa MacInnes, Iain MacIntyre, Jill MacIntyre, Kirsten Mack, Callum Mackay, Euan Mackay, Laura Mackay, Alexander Mackenzie, Matt Mackenzie, Robert MacKenzie Ross, Ami Mackey, Patricia Mackey, Fiona Mackie, Robert Mackie, Carolyn Mackinlay, Claire Mackintosh, Katherine Mackintosh, Sheila MacLennan, Mary Joan MacLeod, Michael Macmahon, Andrew MacNair, Catherine Macphee, Iain Macpherson, Catriona Macrae, Allan MacRaild, Eilidh MacVean, Alannah Madden, Mary Madden, Norman Madeja, Karen Madgwick, Pradeep Madhivathanan, Madhavi Madhusudhana, Harriet Madiyiko, Alpha Madu, Lorraine Madziva, Marion Mafham, Nick Magee, Frederick Magezi, Tim Maggs, Negar Maghsoodi, Christopher Magier, Marios Magriplis, Kathryn Maguire, Natasha Mahabir, Subramanian Mahadevan-Bava, Anjanie Maharajh, Ajit Mahaveer, Bal Mahay, Kanta Mahay, Hibo Mahdi, 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Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Helen Maria-Osborn, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, John Markham, Maria Marks, Pamela Marks, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Brian Marsden, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, James Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Samantha Marston, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Sarah Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Alexander Martinez, Lauren Martinez, Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Olivia Martins, Lucas Martins Ferreira, Vijay Kumar Maruthamuthu, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, 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Nagarajan, Imrun Nagra, Deepak Nagra, Mina Naguib, Kirushthiga Naguleswaran, K Shonit Nagumantry, Kevin Naicker, Sarveshni Naidoo, Gireesha Naik, Rishi Naik, Samir Naik, Devu S Nair, Rajiv Nair, Tanushree Nair, Jay Naisbitt, Kerry Naismith, Sri Nallapareddy, Soum Nallapeta, Arumugan Nallasivan, Uttam Nanda, Aarti Nandani, Ali Raza Naqvi, Asadullah Naqvi, Sara Naqvi, Shruthi Narayan, Sophia Nasa, Dominic Nash, Nader Nasheed, Abdul Nasimudeen, Umer Nasir, Marwan Nassari, Tahir Nasser, Anushka Natajaran, Anuja Natarajan, Geetha Natarajan, Nalin Natarajan, Nikhila Natarajan, Rajkumar Natarajan, Noel Nathaniel, Mala Nathvani, Priyan Nathwani, George Nava, Neena Navaneetham, Jeya Navaratnam, Helen Navarra, Sadaf Naveed, John Navin, Khuteja Nawaz, Sarfaraz Nawaz, Shasta Nawaz, Bonilla Nayar, Suzanne Naylor, Moez Nayyar, Farrah Naz, Mobeena Naz, Salima Nazarali, Babak Nazari, S Nazir, Sehar Nazir, Dumisani Ncomanzi, Onyine Ndefo, Alan Neal, Elaine Neary, Mostafa Negmeldin, Paula Neill, Hector 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Tanaraj Perinpanathan, Lakshmi Periyasamy, Francesca Perkins, Rachel Perkins, Elizabeth Perritt, Alison Perry, Emily Perry, Meghan Perry, Terrie Perry, Thomas M Perumpral, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Ruth Petch, Lionel Peter, Cecilia Peters, Craig Peters, Jayne Peters, Mark Peters, Steve Peters, Tim Peters, Remy Petersen, Alexandra Peterson, Leon Peto, Iulia Petras, Ilianna Petrou, Boyanka Petrova, Mirela Petrova, Paul Pfeffer, Mysore Phanish, Paul Phelan, Christopher Philbey, Jennifer Philbin, Neil Philips, Alex Phillips, Danielle Phillips, Dylan Phillips, Karen Phillips, Pat Phillips, Rachael Phillips, Katherine Philpott, Marie Phipps, Virach Phongsathorn, Mandeep Phull, Masroor M Phulpoto, Myat TT PI, Sara Pick, James Pickard, Charlotte Pickering, Gillian Pickering, Thomas Pickett, Hayleah Pickford, Joanna Pickles, Benjamin Pickwell-Smith, Natalia Pieniazek, Charlie Piercy, Angelo Pieris, Samia Pilgrim, Paul Anthony Pillai, Zoe Pilsworth, Heather Pinches, Stacey Pinches, Julia Pinder, 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Raj, Pradeep Rajagopalan, Nithy Rajaiah, Arvind Rajasekaran, Aylur Rajasri, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Jyothi Rajeswary, Jeyanthy Rajkanna, Gayathri Rajmohan, Ruth Rallan, David Ralphs, Katherine Ralston, Maximilian Ralston, Matsa Ram, Balaji Ramabhadran, Fathima Ramali, Mohamed Ramali, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Shashikira Ramanna, Maheshi Ramasamy, Dhanishta Ramdin, Jozel Ramirez, Mylah Ramirez, Geshwin Ramnarain, Lidia Ramos, Shanthi Ramraj, Alex Ramshaw, Aleem Rana, Ghulam F Rana, Rehman Rana, Abby Rand, James Rand, Helen Randall, Harpal Randheva, Poonam Ranga, Manmeet Rangar, Harini Rangarajan, Sameer Ranjan, Poormina Ranka, Rajesh Rankhelawon, Haley Ranton, Anita Rao, Sandhya Rao, Sanjay Rao, Deepak Rao, Anuja Rasarathnam, Alia Rashid, Khalid Rashid, Simbisai Ratcliff, Sam Ratcliffe, Sophy Ratcliffe, Sanjeev Rath, Mohmad I Rather, Selina Rathore, Aravinden Ratnakumar, Jonathan Ratoff, Deepa Rattehalli, Jason Raw, Hywel Rawlins, Gautam Ray, Michelle Ray, Adam Raymond-White, Dana Raynard, 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Robinson, Kate Robinson, Katie Robinson, Matthew Robinson, Ryan Robinson, Sandra Robinson, Stacey Robinson, Steve Robson, Lisa Roche, Samantha Roche, Jennifer Rock, Natalie Rodden, Alistair Roddick, Jack Roddy, Marion Roderick, Alison Rodger, Faye Rodger, Megan Rodger, Alicia Rodgers, Deirdre Rodgers, Natasha Rodgers, Penny Rodgers, Vanessa Rodrigues, Rocio Rodriguez-Belmonte, Nicholas Roe, Charles Roehr, Gill Rogers, Jason Rogers, Joanne Rogers, John Rogers, Leigh Rogers, Lindsay Rogers, Louise Rogers, Michaela Rogers, Paula Rogers, Susan Rogers, Thomas Rogers, Sakib Rokadiya, Lee Rollins, Jennifer Rollo, Catherine Rolls, Atal Roman, Claire Rook, Rashmi Rook, Kevin Rooney, Lynsey Rooney, Gemma Roper, Lace P Rosaroso, Alastair Rose, Annie Rose, David Rose, Rachel Rose, Steve Rose, Vikkie Rose, Zoe Rose, Josephine Rosier, Jack Ross, Jenny Rossdale, Andrew Ross-Parker, Alex Rothman, Joanne Rothwell, Lindsay Roughley, Kathryn Rowan, Neil Rowan, Stephen Rowan, Scott Rowan-Ferry, Anna Rowe, Louise Rowe-Leete, Benjamin Rowlands, Megan Rowley, Aparajita Roy, Subarna Roy, Anna Roynon-Reed, Sam Rozewicz, Alison Rudd, Anna Rudenko, Senthan Rudrakumar, Banu Rudran, Shannon Ruff, Prita Rughani, Sharon Rundell, Jeremy Rushmer, Rosemary Rushworth, Darren Rusk, Peter Russell, Richard Russell, Cristina Russo, Marieke Rutgers, Aidan Ryan, Brendan Ryan, Lucy Ryan, Matthew Ryan, Pat Ryan, Phil Ryan, Declan Ryan-Wakeling, Nick Rylance, M Saad, Javeson Sabale, Suganya Sabaretnam, Umar Sabat, Noman Sadiq, Emma Sadler, Maria-Isabel Saez-Garcia-Holloway, Ashiq Saffy, Beth Sage, Harkiran Sagoo, Sobia Sagrir, Rajnish Saha, Sian Saha, Nikhil Sahdev, Sarvjit Sahedra, Jagdeep Sahota, Nooria Said, Sreekanth Sakthi, Hikari Sakuri, Murthy Saladi, Abdul Salam, Sofiyat Salawu, Armorel Salberg, Erika Salciute, Gina Saleeb, Mumtaz Saleh, Hizni Salih, Laylan Salih, Sarah Salisbury, SiteEneye Saliu, Rustam Salman, Angela Salmon, Jenny Salmon, Nichola Salmons, Dario Salutous, Mfon Sam, Sally Sam, Tinashe Samakomva, Renaldo Samlal, Emily Sammons, David Sammut, Mark Sammut, Zoe Sammut, Sunitha Sampath, Claire Sampson, Julia Sampson, Aashna Samson, Anda Samson, Johnson Samuel, Lorraine Samuel, Merna Samuel, Reena Samuel, Thomas DL Samuel, Younan Samuel, Elsward Samuels, Theo Samuels, Joanna Samways, Manjula Samyraju, Francisco San Diego, Ilves Sana, Veronica Sanchez, Amada Sanchez Gonzalez, Alina Sanda-Gomez, Paul Sandajam, Peter Sandercock, Amy Sanderson, Colleen Sanderson, Tom Sanderson, Kuljinder Sandhu, Loveleen Sandhu, Sam Sandow, Victoria Sandrey, Sarah Sands, Mirriam Sangombe, Mathew Sanju, Filipa Santos, Rojy Santosh, Jayanta Sanyal, Aureo F Sanz-Cepero, Dinesh Saralaya, Arun Saraswatula, Joshua Sarella, Avishay Sarfatti, Rebecca Sargent, Beatrix Sari, Khatija Sarkar, Rahuldeb Sarkar, Sruthi Sarma, Zainab Sarwar, Thea Sass, Sonia Sathe, Sobitha Sathianandan, Abilash Sathyanarayanan, Lavanya SJP Sathyanarayanan, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Prakash Satodia, Vera Saulite, Andrew Saunders, Rachel Saunders, Samantha Saunders, Anne Saunderson, Heather Savill, Karishma Savlani, Gauri Saxena, Matthew Saxton, Amrinder Sayan, Diane Scaletta, Marta Scally, Deborah Scanlon, Jeremy Scanlon, Lyndsay Scarratt, Sean Scattergood, Alvin Schadenberg, Wendy Schneblen, Rebecca Schofield, Samuel Schofield, David Scholes, Karen Scholes, Alex Schoolmeesters, Natasha Schumacher, Nicola Schunke, Martin Schuster Bruce, Karin Schwarz, Antonia Scobie, Tim Scorrer, A. Scott, Alistair Scott, Anne Scott, Catherine Scott, Christine Scott, Emily Scott, Graham Scott, Kathyn Scott, Leanne Scott, Martha Scott, Michelle Scott, Stephen Scott, Timothy Scott, Sarah Scourfield, Wendy Scrase, Angela Scullion, Therese Scullion, Richard Seabury, Emily Seager, Cathy Seagrave, Deborah Seals, Rebecca Seaman, Eleanor Sear, Isabella Seaton, Anna Seckington, Joanna Sedano, Deborah Seddon, Gabrielle Seddon, Muhammad A Seelarbokus, Christopher Sefton, Matias Segovia, Fatima Seidu, Gillian Sekadde, Mallika Sekhar, Faye Selby, Georgina Selby, Jo Sell, Claire Sellar, Katharine Sellers, Joseph Selley, Victoria Sellick, Gobika Selvadurai, Brintha Selvarajah, Haresh Selvaskandan, Subothini S Selvendran, Gary Semple, Nandini Sen, Seema Sen, Aditya Sengupta, Niladri Sengupta, Helen Senior, Peter Senior, Susana Senra, HoJan Senya, Niranjan Setty, Abigail Seward, Teswaree Sewdin, Jack Seymour, Hussam Shabbir, Tracey Shackleton, Fiona Shackley, Tariq Shafi, Aashni Shah, Ahmar Shah, Anand Shah, Bhavni Shah, Momin Shah, Neil Shah, Pallav Shah, Priyank Shah, Qasim Shah, Sarfaraz H Shah, Snehal Shah, Suraj Shah, Syed Shah, Wajid Shah, Saarma Shahad, Sousan Shahi, Sipan Shahnazari, Muhammad Shahzeb, Aisha Shaibu, Zara Shaida, Amina Y Shaikh, Maliha Shaikh, Rajit Shail, Mariya Shaji, Muhammad Shakeel, Korah Shalan, Nadia Shamim, Kazi Shams, Alison Shanahan, Thomas Shanahan, Shaminie Shanmugaranjan, Hamed Sharaf, Muhammad Sharafat, Asir Sharif, Ajay Sharma, Akhilesh Sharma, Ash Sharma, Bhawna Sharma, Mona Sharma, Ojasvi Sharma, Poonam Sharma, Rajeev Sharma, Sanjeev Sharma, Sarkhara Sharma, Shriv Sharma, Sonal Sharma, Alexander Sharp, Charles Sharp, Gemma Sharp, Paula Sharratt, Phoebe Sharratt, Katherine Sharrocks, Emma Sharrod, Christopher Shaw, Daisy Shaw, David Shaw, Deborah Shaw, Joanne Shaw, Jonathan Shaw, Lisa Shaw, Tomos G Shaw, Anna Shawcross, Jill Shawe, Lou Shayler, Khuram Shazad, Sophy Shedwell, Jonathan Sheffield, Zak Shehata, Arshiya Sheik, Asif Sheikh, Noorann Sheikh, Laura Sheldon, Benjamin Shelley, Sarah Shelton, Anil Shenoy, Julie Shenton, Amy Shepherd, Kate Shepherd, Lorna Shepherd, Scott Shepherd, Rhian Sheppeard, Helen Sheridan, Ray Sheridan, Samuel Sherridan, Leanne Sherris, Susanna Sherwin, Shaad Shibly, Roger Shiers, Chiaki Shioi, Anand Shirgaonkar, Kim Shirley, Adebusola Shonubi, Angela Short, Richard Shortland, Rob Shortman, Rohan Shotton, Sarah Shotton, Ervin Shpuza, Nora Shrestha, Karen Shuker, Jack Shurmer, Gilbert Siame, Loria Siamia, Zanele Sibanda, Claire Sidaway, Seshnag Siddavaram, Nasir Siddique, Sohail Siddique, Nyma Sikondari, Claudia Silva Moniz, Mike Silverstone, Malcolm Sim, Theresa Simangan, Vimbai Simbi, Robert Sime, Oliver Simmons, Richard Simms, Merritt Simon, Natalie Simon, Angela Simpson, Anna Simpson, Danny Simpson, Georgina Simpson, Joanne Simpson, John Simpson, Kerry Simpson, Phillip Simpson, Thomas Simpson, Andrew Simpson, Kathryn Simpson, Cindy Sing, Ankita Singh, Claire Singh, Jayaprakash Singh, Jyoti Singh, Lokeshwar Singh, Manjeet Singh, Nadira Singh, Pankaj Singh, Prabhsimran Singh, Salil Singh, Saurabh Singh, Parag Singhal, Bryan Singizi, Manas Sinha, Utkarsh Sinha, Guy Sisson, Sarah Sithiravel, Karthikadevi Sivakumar, Shanmugasundaram Sivakumar, Darsh Sivakumran, Sivanthi Sivanadarajah, Pasupathy-Rajah Sivasothy, Rebecca Sivers, Alison Sivyer, Nicole Skehan, Robert Skelly, Orlagh Skelton, Imogen Skene, Michael J Skill, Denise Skinner, Tabitha Skinner, Victoria Skinner, Agnieszka Skorko, Iwona Skorupinska, Mariola Skorupinska, Amy Slack, Katie Slack, Wendy Slack, Heather Slade, Helen Slade, Mark Slade, Helen Slater, Lynda Slater, Nicola Slawson, Andrew Sloan, Brendan Sloan, Derek Sloan, Geraldine Sloane, Benjamin Small, Ellen Small, Emma Small, Samuel Small, Karen D Smallshaw, Andy Smallwood, Carien Smit, Aileen Smith, Alex Smith, Amanda Smith, Amy Smith, Andrew Smith, Anna Smith, Camilla Smith, Catherine Smith, Chris Smith, Christopher Smith, Dominic Smith, Eleanor Smith, Harriet Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Janice Smith, Jessica Smith, Juliet Smith, Karen Smith, Kate Smith, Kathryn Smith, Katie Smith, Kelly Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Maria Smith, Mel Smith, Oliver Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Richard Smith, Ruth Smith, Sally Smith, Samantha Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Imogen Smith, John Smith, Gemma Smithson, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Naoise Smyth, Annette Snell, David Snell, Luke Snell, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Herminder Sohal, Roy Soiza, Mary Sokolowski, Olajumoke Solademi, Krishma Solanki, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Reanne Solly, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Raj Sonia, Shiu-Ching Soo, Deepti Sood, Pavandeep Soor, Germanda Soothill, Jennifer Soren, Youssef Sorour, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain Southern, Louise Southern, Sara M Southin, Jessica Southwell, Thomas Southworth, Jason Sowter, Claudia Spalding, Enti Spata, Katie Spears, Mark Spears, John Spence, Michelle Spence, Branwell Spencer, Gisele Spencer, Sue Spencer, Tom Spencer, Helen Spicer, Rose Spicer, Helen Spickett, Jennifer Spillane, William Spiller, Kerry Spinks, Michelle Spinks, Nick Spittle, Johanna Sporrer, Karen Spreckley, Janet Spriggs, Oliver Spring, Scott Springworth, Gemma Squires, Jack Squires, Rebecca Squires, Ram Sreenivasan, K Sri Paranthamen, Ramesh Srinivasan, Asha Srirajamadhuveeti, Vino Srirathan, Chloe Stacey, Sybil Stacpoole, Louise Stadon, Tony Staincliffe, Jocasta Staines, Nikki Staines, Katie Stammers, Roxana Stanciu, Grazyna Stanczuk, Helen Stannard, Edward Stanton, Robyn Staples, Simon Stapley, Natalie Staplin, Adam Stark, Michelle Starr, Julie Staves, Rached Stead, Anthea Steel, Charlotte Steel, Conor Steele, John Steer, Vergnano Stefania, Paula Stefanowska, Katie Steinert, Caroline Stemp, Alison Stephens, David Stephensen, Elaine Stephenson, Monique Sterrenburg, Georgia Stevens, Guy Stevens, Melanie Stevens, Will Stevens, Amy Stevenson, Andrew Stevenson, Elaine Stevenson, Lesley Stevenson, Sarah Stevenson, Amanda Stewart, Claire Stewart, Colin Stewart, McKenna Stewart, Rachel Stewart, Rebecca Stewart, Richard Stewart, Jo Stickley, Gemma Stiller, Robert Stirk, Sarah Stirrup, Sarah Stock, Alexander Stockdale, Lynne Stockham, Paul Stockton, Emma Stoddard, Chris Stokes, Ben Stone, Roisin Stone, Sarah Stone, Imogen Storey, Kim Storton, Frederick Stourton, Angela Strachan, Catherine Strait, Ellen Strakosch, Emma Stratton, Jane Stratton, Sam Straw, Luke Streeter, Dieter Streit, Emma Stride, Sally Stringer, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Siske Struik, Carmel Stuart, Anna Stubbs, Harrison Stubbs, Ann Sturdy, Sharon Sturney, Matt Stuttard, Cristina Suarez, Karuna Subba, Christian P Subbe, Manjula Subramanian, Venkatram Subramanian, Chinari Subudhi, Rebecca Suckling, Srivatsan Sudershan, Lee Sudlow, Gayle Sugden, Peter Sugden, Rudresh Sukla, Ali Suliman, Fatimah Suliman, Ian Sullivan, Sugrah Sultan, Jennifer Summers, Mark Summerton, Samyukta Sundar, Reka Sundhar, Edmond Sung, Nadia Sunni, Jay Suntharalingam, Amitava Sur, Dharmic Suresh, Shilpa Suresh, Rachel Suri, Michael Surtees, Danielle Suter, Helen Sutherland, Rachel Sutherland, Rebecca Sutherland, Dovile Sutinyte, Deborah Sutton, John Sutton, Sam Sutton, Mihaela Sutu, Marie-Louise Svensson, Sima Svirpliene, Andrew Swain, Thomas Swaine, Christopher Swales, Lorna Swan, Nicola Swarbrick, Tirion Swart, Stephen Sweetman, Samaher Sweity, Ealish Swift, Paul Swift, Pauline Swift, Peter Swift, Rachael Swift, Rachel Swingler, Sophie Swinhoe, Katarzyna Swist-Szulik, Luke Swithenbank, Omair Syed, Catriona Sykes, Daisy Sykes, Eliot Sykes, Luke Sylvester, Dominic Symon, Andrew Syndercombe, Zoe Syrimi, Jen Syson, Gemma Szabo, Tamas Szakmany, Megan Szekely, Matthew Szeto, Maria Tadros, Amr Tageldin, Lucy Tague, Hasan Tahir, Muhammad Tahir, Silvia Taibo, Zsofia Takats, Abigail Takyi, Peter Talbot, Alison Talbot -Smith, James Talbot-Ponsonby, Richard Tallent, Bradley Tallon, Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper, Adrian Tan, Bee T Tan, Hock Tan, Huey Tan, Jade Tan, Keith Tan, WeiTeen Tan, Anand Tana, Xiaohui Tang, Christina Tanney, Tabitha Tanqueray, Emma Tanton, Ran Tao, Mark Taplin, Hayley Tarft, Priyal Taribagil, Obaid Tarin, Syed Tariq, Zeeshan Tariq, David Tarpey, Lisa Tarrant, Antonia Tasiou, Elizabeth Tatam, Margaret L Tate, Kate Tatham, Vera Tavoukjian, Alexander Taylor, Beverley Taylor, Brian Taylor, Charlie Taylor, Charlotte Taylor, David Taylor, Elisabeth Taylor, Janet Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, Joanne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Karen Taylor, Leanne Taylor, Margaret Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Melanie Taylor, Natalie Taylor, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Samantha Taylor, Suzanne Taylor, Tina Taylor, Tracey Taylor, Vicky Taylor, Michelle Taylor-Siddons, Thomas Taynton, Amelia Te, Jessica Teasdale, Julie Tebbutt, Caroline Tee, Rajni Tejwani, Seble Tekle, Adam Telfer, Vibha Teli, Jennifer Tempany, Holly Templar, Julie Temple, Natalie Temple, Helen Tench, Yi He Teoh, Lynne Terrett, Louise Terry, Abbi Tervit, Dariusz Tetla, Kate Tettmar, Shirish Tewari, Daniel Tewkesbury, Joana Texeira, ChiaLing Tey, Clare Thakker, Manish Thakker, Amirtharajh Tharmakulasingam, Hilary Thatcher, Andrew Thayanandan, Krishna Thazhatheyil, Eaint Thein, Lambrini Theocharidou, Phyu Thet, Kapeendran Thevarajah, Mayooran Thevendra, Nang Thiri Phoo, Yvette Thirlwall, Muthu Thirumaran, Alice Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Caradog Thomas, Emma Thomas, Enson Thomas, Esther Thomas, Hannah Thomas, Helen Thomas, James Thomas, Karen Thomas, Koshy Thomas, Lucy Thomas, Rachel Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Rhys Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Samantha Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Sherine Thomas, Tessy Thomas, Vicky Thomas, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Samantha Thomas-Wright, Catherine Thompson, Christopher Thompson, Clara Thompson, Fiona Thompson, Katharine Thompson, Laura Thompson, Liz Thompson, Luke Thompson, Michael Thompson, Orla Thompson, Rebecca Thompson, Roger Thompson, Trevor Thompson, Usilla Thompson, Nicola Thomson, Natasha Thorn, Charlotte Thorne, Nicola Thorne, Wendy Thorne, Jim Thornton, Michael Thornton, Richard Thornton, Sara Thornton, Susan Thornton, Thomas Thornton, Tracey Thornton, Allison Thorpe, Christopher Thorpe, Sarah Thorpe, Paradeep Thozthumparambil, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Hannah Thraves, Elisha Thuesday, Vicky Thwaiotes, Guy Thwaites, Simon Tiberi, Jane Tidman, Serena Tieger, Carey Tierney, Caroline Tierney, Mark Tighe, Sorrell Tilbey, Amanda Tiller, John Timerick, Elizabeth Timlick, Alison Timmis, Hayley Timms, Anne-Marie Timoroksa, Samakomva Tinashe, Heather Tinkler, Marianne Tinkler, Jacqui Tipper, Helen Tivenan, Helen T-Michael, Anne Todd, Jackie Todd, Stacy Todd, Mohamed Tohfa, Helena Tollick, Melanie Tolson, Ana Luisa Tomas, Natalia Tomasova, Sharon Tomlin, Simon Tomlins, Jo Tomlinson, James Tonkin, Ivan Tonna, Catherine Toohey, Kirsty Topham, Mathew Topping, Ruhaif Tousis, Peter Tovey, Gareth Towersey, Jason Towler, Jill Townley, Alain Townsend, Chris Townsend, Richard Tozer, Claire Tranter, Helen Tranter, Jonathan Trattles, Christopher Travill, Sarah Traynor, Karis Treuberg, Mike Trevett, Ascanio Tridente, Sanchia Triggs, Fiona Trim, Thomas Trimble, Alex Trimmings, Tom Trinick, Sven Troedson, Emily Tropman, Amy Trotter, Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Sara Tryon, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Hoi Pat Tsang, Peter Tsang, Tan Tsawayo, Kyriaki Karali Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Simon Tso, Sally Tucker, Victoria Tuckley, Caroline Tuckwell, Aisha Tufail, Redmond Tully, Grace Tunesi, Saidat Turawa, Killiam Turbitt, Anna Turco, Krystyna Turek, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, David Turner, Frances Turner, Gail Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Louise Turner, Lucy Turner, Marc Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Ruth Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Susan Turner, Victoria Turner, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Conor Tweed, David Tweed, Rebecca Twemlow, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Ruzena Uddin, Salamat Ullah, Sana Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Athavan Umaipalan, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Ben Ummat, Charlotte Underwood, Jonathan Underwood, Laura Unitt, Adam Unsworth, Jasvinder Uppal, Veerpal S Uppal, James Uprichard, Gerry Upson, Masood Ur Rasool, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Alex UsherRea, Andrew Ustianowski, Jane Uttley, Linda C Vaccari, Uddhav Vaghela, Abhay Vaidya, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Pramodh Vallabhaneni, Pedro Valle Vallines, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Caryn Vander Riet, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Piyush Vanmali, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Kate Vardigans, Stehen J Vardy, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Valeria Vasadi, Olivia Vass, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Manu Vatish, Heloyes Vayalaman, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Sachuda Veerasamy, Bar Velan, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, David Veniard, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Lyn Ventilacion, Joanne Vere, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Rachel Vernall, Britney Vernon, Mark Vertue, Jerik Verula, Natalie Vethanayagam, Lucy Veys, Carinna Vickers, Saji Victor, Jennifer Vidler, Wayne Vietri, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Vinod Warrier Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Brigita Vilcinskaite, Neringa Vilimiene, Sudharkar Vimalanathan, Lynn Vinall, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Pritpal Virdee, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Jeyakumar Visuvanathan, Karunakaran Vithian, Sorice Vittoria, Elena Vlad, Ben Vlies, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed EI Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Abiodun Waheed Adigun, Sawan Waidyanatha, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, William Wakeford, Michelle Wakelin, Fiona Wakinshaw, Andrew Walden, Jane Walden, Lorna Walding, Alexandria Waldron, Gemma Walker, Harriet Walker, Ian Walker, Jasmine Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Linda Walker, Marie T Walker, Olivia Walker, Rachel Walker, Rebecca Walker, Susan Walker, Derek Wallbank, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Fiona Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Joanna Ward, Karen Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Rebecca Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Adele Wardle, Karen Wardle, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Gill Warwick, Charlotte Washington, Helen Wassall, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Nick Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Sandra Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Paul Weaver, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Kathleen Wedgeworth, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, James Wesson, Jim Wesson, Adam West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Abbie White, Andrew White, Benjamin White, Christopher White, Duncan White, Emily White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Stephen White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Victoria Whiteside, Drew Whitley, Kaitlyn Whitley, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Andrew Whittingham Hirst, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Suzanne Whyte, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Ritchie Wildman, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Donna Wiles, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Chloe Wilkes, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Helen Wilkinson, Holly Wilkinson, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Martin Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jayne Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachael Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Bruce Willian, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Laura Willmott, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, Catherine Wilson, Eve Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Matthew Wilson, Toni Wilson, Evie Wiltsher, Marlar Win, Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Phillip Windrum, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Pascal Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Magda Wolna, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica Sue Yi Wong, Kit Y Wong, Lee Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Yun Man Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Carrie Anne Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Julia Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Ursula Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Luke Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Rachel Wookey, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lee Wright, Lianne Wright, Pete Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Huiyuan Xiao, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Naairah Yaqub, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Andrew Yeatman, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Richard Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Lynn Zarb, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Marian Zelman, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Veronica Zindonda, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Roslin Zuha, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, Convalescent plasma, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Rate ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), Mortality rate, Covid19, Articles, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Treatment Outcome, Female, Open label, Coronavirus Infections, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RM, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, In patient, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Significant difference, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Length of Stay, NIS, R1, Respiration, Artificial, United Kingdom, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, business
Abstract: Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
Published: 2021

6. The Gold Standard of Thyroid Nodule Examination? Prospective Validation of the ACR TI-RADS in a Secondary Referral Center

Author: Martin Hill, L Srbová, T. Grimmichova, T Havrdová, Jana Vrbikova, and P Pačesová
Subjects: Male, Thyroid nodules, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Thyroid Gland, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Thyroid carcinoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Thyroid Neoplasms, Thyroid Nodule, skin and connective tissue diseases, Prospective cohort study, Secondary Care Centers, Ultrasonography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Thyroid, Nodule (medicine), Articles, General Medicine, Gold standard (test), Middle Aged, Reference Standards, medicine.disease, Fine-needle aspiration, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: The aim of this prospective study was the validation of the risk stratification of thyroid nodules using ultrasonography with the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) and partly in comparison to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines in a secondary referral center. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) (n=605) and histological examinations (n=63) were the reference standards for the statistical analysis. ACR TI-RADS cut-off value: TR4 with sensitivity 85.7 %, specificity 54.1 %, PPV 58.5 %, accuracy 67.7 % (AUC 0.738; p
Published: 2020

7. Indicators likely to contribute to clinical and functional improvement among survivors of politically-sanctioned torture

Author: Martin Hill and Mary Lynn Everson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Torture, Poison control, Holistic Health, Holistic health, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Rehabilitation Centers, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, Organizational Objectives, Survivors, Psychiatry, Crime Victims, Depression (differential diagnoses), Chicago, Politics, 06 humanities and the arts, General Medicine, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, 060302 philosophy, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Psychology
Abstract: Introduction: Heartland Alliance Marjorie Kovler Center (Kovler Center) is a torture treatment program located in Chicago, Illinois. Established in 1987, Kovler Center provides medical, mental health, and social services, as well as coordination with legal services, to a diverse population of survivors. Historically, Kovler Center used clinical measurement instruments to assess depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress, but staff was challenged with finding the best way to assess and ultimately measure changes in functional domains. The purpose of this paper is to describe (1) the Kovler Center framework, philosophical pillars, and model of treatment; (2) the comprehensive outcome evaluation program, including the Marjorie Kovler Center Well-Being Questionnaire (MKC WBQ); and (3) the results and implications to date. Methods: Kovler Center measured outcome data utilizing three instruments including a well-being tool and supplemented the data with a satisfaction survey. These instruments were administered at intake and re-administered at six-month intervals up to 24 months. Results/Discussion: With nine years of data, Kovler Center can now provide valid and reliable findings in diagnostic and functional changes, with 86.6% of its clients reporting fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, 83.1% reporting fewer symptoms of trauma, and significant improvement in employment status, housing status, and physical health after receiving services for 24 months. Indicatorssignificantly correlated with clinical improvement at 24 months include stable housing, stable employment, region from where survivors came, number of days between initial assessment and program admittance, number of services (medical, psychological, social) received while in the program, number of medical problems diagnosed with while in the program, and number of psychological problems diagnosed with while in the program. From the Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) analysis, the total number of psychological problems and whether or not the participant had a secure legal status while in the program were demonstrated to explain the variance in anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Females were more likely to experience depression while in the program compared to males, and participants from the Middle East were more likely to experience symptoms of depression and PTSD compared to participants from Africa. Conclusions: Since, medical, psychological, and social indicators are demonstrated to correlate with or predict clinical outcomes, this highlights the need for comprehensive and holistic treatment programs for survivors of torture.
Published: 2020

8. Altered Steroidome in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Neuroactive and Immunomodulatory Steroids from the 24th Week of Pregnancy to Labor

Author: Marta Velíková, Michala Vosátková, Radmila Kancheva, Josef Bulant, Martin Hill, Kateřina Anderlová, Michaela Duskova, Michal Koucký, M. Vaňková, Leona Ondřejíková, Antonín Pařízek, Hana Krejčí, D. Vejražková, and Patrik Šimják
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroactive steroid, Chromatography, Gas, endocrine system diseases, immunoprotective steroids, mixed cord blood, neuroactive steroids, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Article, Pregnancy, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A, Humans, Metabolomics, gestational age, Molecular Biology, 20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Testosterone, gestational diabetes mellitus, steroidome, maternal blood, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, business.industry, Gestational age, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase, medicine.disease, QR1-502, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Gestational diabetes, Diabetes, Gestational, Endocrinology, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Gestation, HSD17B1, Female, Steroids, Cortisone, business, Oxidoreductases, medicine.drug
Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication in pregnancy, but studies focused on the steroidome in patients with GDM are not available in the public domain. This article evaluates the steroidome in GDM+ and GDM− women and its changes from 24 weeks (± of gestation) to labor. The study included GDM+ (n = 44) and GDM− women (n = 33), in weeks 24–28, 30–36 of gestation and at labor and mixed umbilical blood after delivery. Steroidomic data (101 steroids quantified by GC-MS/MS) support the concept that the increasing diabetogenic effects with the approaching term are associated with mounting progesterone levels. The GDM+ group showed lower levels of testosterone (due to reduced AKR1C3 activity), estradiol (due to a shift from the HSD17B1 towards HSD17B2 activity), 7-oxygenated androgens (competing with cortisone for HSD11B1 and shifting the balance from diabetogenic cortisol towards the inactive cortisone), reduced activities of SRD5As, and CYP17A1 in the hydroxylase but higher CYP17A1 activity in the lyase step. With the approaching term, the authors found rising activities of CYP3A7, AKR1C1, CYP17A1 in its hydroxylase step, but a decline in its lyase step, rising conjugation of neuroinhibitory and pregnancy-stabilizing steroids and weakening AKR1D1 activity.
Published: 2021

9. Movement as a Positive Modulator of Aging

Author: Ludmila Máčová, Marie Bičíková, Dobroslava Jandová, Zdeněk Třískala, and Martin Hill
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, Aging, Sarcopenia, QH301-705.5, Human life, media_common.quotation_subject, vitamin D, Review, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, stress, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), Pandemic, Humans, Movement (clockwork), Obesity, Biology (General), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), QD1-999, Exercise, Molecular Biology, Socioeconomic status, Spectroscopy, media_common, Geroscience, geroscience, SARS-CoV-2, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Organic Chemistry, COVID-19, General Medicine, immunity, Independence, Support family, Computer Science Applications, exercises, Chemistry, 030104 developmental biology, Psychology, irisin, Stress, Psychological, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The aging of human populations, including those in Europe, is an indisputable fact. The challenge for the future is not simply prolonging human life at any cost or by any means but rather extending self-sufficiency and quality of life. Even in the most advanced societies, the eternal questions remain. Who will take care of the older generations? Will adult children’s own circumstances be sufficient to support family members as they age? For a range of complex reasons, including socioeconomic conditions, adult children are often unable or unwilling to assume responsibility for the care of older family members. For this reason, it is imperative that aging adults maintain their independence and self-care for as long as possible. Movement is an important part of self-sufficiency. Moreover, movement has been shown to improve patients’ clinical status. At a time when the coronavirus pandemic is disrupting the world, older people are among the most vulnerable. Our paper explores current knowledge and offers insights into the significant benefits of movement for the elderly, including improved immunity. We discuss the biochemical processes of aging and the counteractive effects of exercise and endogenous substances, such as vitamin D.
Published: 2021

10. Hypogonadismus obézních mu#382;#367

Author: Luboslav, Stárka, Michaela, Dušková, and Martin, Hill
Subjects: Male, Hypogonadism, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Androgens, Bariatric Surgery, Humans, Testosterone
Abstract: Male hypogonadism associated with obesity by yet not fully understood mechanisms promote fat depositions and on contrary obesity induces decrease of androgen production. It is necessary to diagnose hypogonadism correctly and to treat it. The definition of hypogonadism is based on subnormal levels of circulating testosterone and on the occurrence of symptoms, which, however, are not much specific. As obesity decreases substantially the concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin SHBG it is recommended in these men to check not only the level of total testosterone but also the concentration of free testosterone or the value of the index of free androgens. Proven hypogonadism in obese men should be treated as well as by testosterone substitution as the body mass reduction. The most effective treatment in this respect is considered bariatric surgery.
Published: 2021

11. The intestinal microbiota and metabolites in patients with anorexia nervosa

Author: Marek Kuzma, Martin Bilej, Alena Lambertova, Jakub Kreisinger, Petra Procházková, Jiri Dvorak, Radka Roubalová, Josef Bulant, Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova, Helena Pelantová, Kvido Smitka, Martina Cermakova, Hana Papezova, Petra Tomášová, Martin Hill, and Petra Holanova
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Anorexia Nervosa, Physiology, microbiome, RC799-869, Gut flora, Body Mass Index, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Brain-Gut Axis, Longitudinal Studies, Neurotransmitter Agents, biology, Gastroenterology, dysbiosis, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, renourishment, Infectious Diseases, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Research Article, Research Paper, Ruminococcaceae, neurotransmitter, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Microbiology, ede-q, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, mycobiome, scfa, medicine, Humans, Microbiome, bacteriome, Alistipes, gut-brain-microbiota axis, Bacteria, Clostridiales, Fungi, Bacteriome, Fatty Acids, Volatile, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Archaea, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, bmi, 030104 developmental biology, Metagenome, Bacteroides, Dysbiosis
Abstract: Brain-gut microbiota interactions are intensively studied in connection with various neurological and psychiatric diseases. While anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology is not entirely clear, it is presumably linked to microbiome dysbiosis. We aimed to elucidate the gut microbiota contribution in AN disease pathophysiology. We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome of patients with AN (bacteriome and mycobiome) from stool samples before and after renourishment, and compared them to healthy controls. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analyzed in stool samples by MS and NMR, respectively. Biochemical, anthropometric, and psychometric profiles were assessed. The bacterial alpha-diversity parameter analyses revealed only increased Chao 1 index in patients with AN before the realimentation, reflecting their interindividual variation. Subsequently, core microbiota depletion signs were observed in patients with AN. Overrepresented OTUs (operation taxonomic units) in patients with AN taxonomically belonged to Alistipes, Clostridiales, Christensenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Underrepresented OTUs in patients with AN were Faecalibacterium, Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lachnospira. Patients exhibited greater interindividual variation in the gut bacteriome, as well as in metagenome content compared to controls, suggesting altered bacteriome functions. Patients had decreased levels of serotonin, GABA, dopamine, butyrate, and acetate in their stool samples compared to controls. Mycobiome analysis did not reveal significant differences in alpha diversity and fungal profile composition between patients with AN and healthy controls, nor any correlation of the fungal composition with the bacterial profile. Our results show the changed profile of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in patients with severe AN. Although therapeutic partial renourishment led to increased body mass index and improved psychometric parameters, SCFA, and neurotransmitter profiles, as well as microbial community compositions, did not change substantially during the hospitalization period, which can be potentially caused by only partial weight recovery.
Published: 2021

12. Be like the running water: Assessing gendered and age-based water insecurity experiences with Six Nations First Nation

Author: Sarah Duignan, Tina Moffat, and Dawn Martin-Hill
Subjects: Ontario, Health (social science), Socioeconomic Factors, History and Philosophy of Science, Drinking Water, Humans, Female, Water Insecurity, Food Supply
Abstract: Indigenous households are 90 times more likely to be without running water than non-Indigenous households in Canada. Current primary indicators of water quality and security for Indigenous Peoples are based on federal boil water advisories, which do not disaggregate at household levels to identify who is most at risk within or between communities. A mixed methods approach was used to assess the level of water insecurity and perceptions of water access by gender and age for a sample of households in Six Nations of the Grand River First Nations in Ontario, Canada. A household survey captured water security using the Household Water InSecurity Experiences (HWISE) scale and Likert-type responses to perceptions of water access, contextualized using semi-structured individual and group interviews. From 2019 to 2020, 66 households participated in the survey, 18 individuals participated in semi-structured individual interviews, and 7 individuals participated in 3 semi-structured group interviews. The survey sample demonstrated high levels of household water insecurity (57.5%, n = 38). Interviews revealed that women were more dissatisfied with their drinking water situations due to quality, source, and cost, though they shared water sharing as a coping strategy. Women faced more physical and mental barriers accessing water for their households, due to their roles as caretakers of their family and knowledge protectors for their communities. Generational divides were found in interviews about what qualified as "good water," with older participants understanding it as relating to traditional water sourcing, and younger participants wanting clean, accessible tap water. Taken together, the participants demonstrated a frustration with the sub-standard drinking water on reserve.
Published: 2022

13. Aging, hormones and receptors

Author: P Honců, Z Třískala, Milada Krejci, Martin Hill, M Bičíková, I Sterzl, L Ondřejíková, Jiří Kajzar, and Dobroslava Jandová
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Aging, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Physiology, business.industry, Treatment options, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Receptors, Cell Surface, General Medicine, Review, Bioinformatics, Hormones, Small Molecule Libraries, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Ageing, Medicine, Animals, Humans, business, Receptor, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Hormone
Abstract: Ageing is accompanied by deterioration in physical condition and a number of physiological processes and thus a higher risk of a range of diseases and disorders. In particular, we focused on the changes associated with aging, especially the role of small molecules, their role in physiological and pathophysiological processes and potential treatment options. Our previously published results and data from other authors lead to the conclusion that these unwanted changes are mainly linked to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can be slowed down, stopped, or in some cases even reversed by an appropriate treatment, but especially by a life-management adjustment.
Published: 2020

14. Glucocorticoids Reduce Aberrant O-Glycosylation of IgA1 in IgA Nephropathy Patients

Author: Miroslav Hruby, Lydie Czernekova, Milan Raska, Josef Zadrazil, Karel Matousovic, Jana Jemelkova, Petr Kosztyu, Karel Vondrak, Jiri Mestecky, Ivan Sterzl, Leona Raskova Kafkova, and Martin Hill
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Glycosylation, 030232 urology & nephrology, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Antigen-Antibody Complex, Galactose deficiency, lcsh:RC870-923, Antibodies, Nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Prednisone, medicine, lcsh:Dermatology, Humans, Glycan-specific antibodies, Glucocorticoids, O-glycosylation, Kidney, Proteinuria, IgA1 hinge region, Circulating immune complexes, business.industry, Autoantibody, Glomerulonephritis, IGA, General Medicine, Iga nephropathy, lcsh:RL1-803, medicine.disease, Prognosis, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, Angiotensin II, Immunoglobulin A, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nephrology, Mesangium, lcsh:RC666-701, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background/Aims: IgA nephropathy is associated with aberrant O-glycosylation of IgA1, which is recognized by autoantibodies leading to the formation of circulating immune complexes. Some of them, after deposition into kidney mesangium, trigger glomerular injury. In patients with active disease nonresponding to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II blockers, corticosteroids are recommended. Methods: The relationship between the corticosteroid therapy and serum levels of IgA, aberrantly O-glycosylated IgA1, IgA-containing immune complexes and their mesangioproliferative activity was analyzed in IgA nephropathy patients and disease and healthy controls. Results: Prednisone therapy significantly reduced proteinuria and levels of serum IgA, galactose-deficient IgA1, and IgA-IgG immune complexes in IgA nephropathy patients and thus reduced differences in all of the above parameters between IgAN patients and control groups. A moderate but not significant reduction of mesangioproliferative potential of IgA-IgG immune complexes and IgA sialylation was detected. Conclusion: The prednisone therapy reduces overall aberrancy in IgA1 O-glycosylation in IgA nephropathy patients, but the measurement of IgA1 parameters does not allow us to predict the prednisone therapy outcome in individual patients.
Published: 2018

15. Meal Frequency and Timing Are Associated with Changes in Body Mass Index in Adventist Health Study 2

Author: Hana Kahleova, Jan Irene Lloren, Martin Hill, Gary E. Fraser, and Andrew Mashchak
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Canada, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Diet Surveys, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Primary outcome, medicine, Humans, Nutritional Epidemiology, Obesity, Decreased BMI, Meals, Eating breakfast, Aged, Breakfast, Morning, Meal, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Snacking, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Fasting, Feeding Behavior, Middle Aged, United States, Lunch, Female, Snacks, medicine.symptom, Energy Intake, business, Body mass index, Weight gain
Abstract: Background: Scientific evidence for the optimal number, timing, and size of meals is lacking.Objective: We investigated the relation between meal frequency and timing and changes in body mass index (BMI) in the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2), a relatively healthy North American cohort.Methods: The analysis used data from 50,660 adult members aged ≥30 y of Seventh-day Adventist churches in the United States and Canada (mean ± SD follow-up: 7.42 ± 1.23 y). The number of meals per day, length of overnight fast, consumption of breakfast, and timing of the largest meal were exposure variables. The primary outcome was change in BMI per year. Linear regression analyses (stratified on baseline BMI) were adjusted for important demographic and lifestyle factors.Results: Subjects who ate 1 or 2 meals/d had a reduction in BMI per year (in kg · m-2 · y-1) (-0.035; 95% CI: -0.065, -0.004 and -0.029; 95% CI: -0.041, -0.017, respectively) compared with those who ate 3 meals/d. On the other hand, eating >3 meals/d (snacking) was associated with a relative increase in BMI (P < 0.001). Correspondingly, the BMI of subjects who had a long overnight fast (≥18 h) decreased compared with those who had a medium overnight fast (12-17 h) (P < 0.001). Breakfast eaters (-0.029; 95% CI: -0.047, -0.012; P < 0.001) experienced a decreased BMI compared with breakfast skippers. Relative to subjects who ate their largest meal at dinner, those who consumed breakfast as the largest meal experienced a significant decrease in BMI (-0.038; 95% CI: -0.048, -0.028), and those who consumed a big lunch experienced a smaller but still significant decrease in BMI than did those who ate their largest meal at dinner.Conclusions: Our results suggest that in relatively healthy adults, eating less frequently, no snacking, consuming breakfast, and eating the largest meal in the morning may be effective methods for preventing long-term weight gain. Eating breakfast and lunch 5-6 h apart and making the overnight fast last 18-19 h may be a useful practical strategy.
Published: 2017

16. The Effect of a Vegetarian vs Conventional Hypocaloric Diabetic Diet on Thigh Adipose Tissue Distribution in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Study

Author: Antonin Skoch, Terezie Pelikanova, Stepan Herynek, Hana Kahleova, Vít Herynek, Martin Hill, Marta Klementova, and Andrea Mari
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Calorie, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Adipose tissue, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Gastroenterology, law.invention, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Body Fat Distribution, Humans, Caloric Restriction, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Diet, Vegetarian, Repeated measures design, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Diabetic diet, Endocrinology, Adipose Tissue, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Intramuscular fat, Energy Intake, business
Abstract: Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the effects of a vegetarian and a conventional diet on thigh adipose tissue distribution in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods: Seventy-four subjects with T2D were randomly assigned to either follow a vegetarian diet (V, n = 37) or a control group who followed an isocaloric conventional anti-diabetic diet (C, n = 37). Both diets were calorie restricted (−500 kcal/day). To measure insulin sensitivity, the hyperinsulinemic (1 mU.kg−1.min−1) isoglycemic clamp was conducted. β-Cell function was assessed using a mathematical model after a test meal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh was performed. All subjects were examined at 0, 3, and 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and a multivariate regression model.Results: Greater reduction was observed in total leg area in V (−13.6 cm2 [95% confidence interval [CI], −14.2 to −12.9] in V vs −9.9 cm2 [95% CI, −10.6 to −9.2] in C; Gxt p < 0.001)....
Published: 2017

17. The role of steroids in the prediction of affective disorders in adult men

Author: Martin Hill, Michaela Duskova, Daniela Řípová, Luboslav Stárka, Pavel Mohr, Marie Bičíková, and Monika Sramkova
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Clinical Biochemistry, Population, Radioimmunoassay, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Pregnanolone, Anxiety, Biochemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, medicine, Humans, Young adult, education, Psychiatry, Molecular Biology, Depression (differential diagnoses), Pharmacology, education.field_of_study, OPLS, Depression, Mood Disorders, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Mood disorders, Multivariate Analysis, Female, Steroids, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Objective Anxiety and mood disorders (AMD) are the most frequent mental disorders in the human population. They have recently shown increasing prevalence, and commonly disrupt personal and working lives. The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum of circulating steroids in order to discover differences that could potentially be markers of affective depression or anxiety, and identify which steroids could be a predictive component for these diseases. Methods We studied the steroid metabolome including 47 analytes in 20 men with depression (group D), 20 men with anxiety (group AN) and 30 healthy controls. OPLS and multivariate regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results Discrimination of group D from controls by the OPLS method was absolute, as was group AN from controls (sensitivity = 1.000 (0.839, 1.000), specificity = 1.000 (0.887, 1.000)). Relatively good predictivity was also found for discrimination between group D from AN (sensitivity = 0.850 (0.640, 0.948), specificity = 0.900 (0.699, 0.972)). Conclusion Selected circulating steroids, including those that are neuroactive and neuroprotective, can be useful tools for discriminating between these affective diseases in adult men.
Published: 2017

18. Activation of Adrenal Steroidogenesis and an Improvement of Mood Balance in Postmenopausal Females after Spa Treatment Based on Physical Activity

Author: Ľuboslav Stárka, Marta Velíková, Jiří Kajzar, Ludmila Máčová, Marie Bičíková, Pavla Honců, Jiří Bešťák, Jaroslav Novotný, Dobroslava Jandová, Radmila Kancheva, Milada Krejci, Lucie Kolatorova, and Martin Hill
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Excitotoxicity, Physiology, medicine.disease_cause, Projective Techniques, lcsh:Chemistry, 0302 clinical medicine, Adrenal Glands, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, Adrenal gland, food and beverages, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Neuroticism, Computer Science Applications, Postmenopause, spa treatment, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Steroids, postmenopausal females, Symptom Assessment, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroactive steroid, Catalysis, Article, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, mood balance, Molecular Biology, Exercise, Aged, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, fungi, Psychosomatic medicine, steroid metabolome, Psychotherapy, body regions, Regimen, Affect, 030104 developmental biology, Mood, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, adrenal, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Spa treatment can effectively reestablish mood balance in patients with psychiatric disorders. In light of the adrenal gland&rsquo, s role as a crossroad of psychosomatic medicine, this study evaluated changes in 88 circulating steroids and their relationships with a consolidation of somatic, psychosomatic and psychiatric components from a modified N-5 neurotic questionnaire in 46 postmenopausal 50+ women with anxiety-depressive complaints. The patients underwent a standardized one-month intervention therapy with physical activity and an optimized daily regimen in a spa in the Czech Republic. All participants were on medication with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. An increase of adrenal steroidogenesis after intervention indicated a reinstatement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The increases of many of these steroids were likely beneficial to patients, including immunoprotective adrenal androgens and their metabolites, neuroactive steroids that stimulate mental activity but protect from excitotoxicity, steroids that suppress pain perception and fear, steroids that consolidate insulin secretion, and steroids that improve xenobiotic clearance. The positive associations between the initial values of neurotic symptoms and their declines after the intervention, as well as between initial adrenal activity and the decline of neurotic symptoms, indicate that neurotic impairment may be alleviated by such therapy provided that the initial adrenal activity is not seriously disrupted.
Published: 2019
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19. Changes of BMI, steroid metabolome and psychopathology in patients with anorexia nervosa during hospitalization

Author: Hana Papežová, Martin Hill, Pavel Martásek, Anna Yamamotová, Marta Velíková, and Josef Bulant
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anorexia Nervosa, medicine.drug_class, media_common.quotation_subject, Clinical Biochemistry, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Anorexia, Biochemistry, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Wasting, media_common, Pharmacology, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Appetite, Androgen, Hospitalization, Hypercortisolemia, Sex steroid, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Steroids, medicine.symptom, business, Hormone
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with various alterations including the dysfunction of the HPA axis and consequently the hypercortisolemia and deficit in sex hormones but the comprehensive evaluation of changes in circulating steroids during the hospitalization of AN patients is lacking. We investigated the effect of realimentation of women with AN during hospitalization on 45 circulating steroids, the relationships between BMI, its change during hospitalization and physical activity, on one side and initial levels and their changes for two adipokines, circulating steroids, anorexia-specific (hunger, appetite and satiety), and anorexia non-specific symptoms (anxiety, depression fatigue, sleep, and body pain) on the other side. We included 33 women with anorexia who were hospitalized for 38(35, 44) days (median with quartiles). The increase of BMI from the initial value 15.2 (13.2, 16.6) kg/m2 was 1.69 (1.37, 2.66) kg/m2. The patients with more severe anorexia showed higher activity in 7β-, and 16α-hydroxylation of androgen precursors, which declined during hospitalization. Otherwise, the 7α-hydroxylation activity is higher in AN patients with less severe malnutrition and the ratio of 5-androstene-3β,7α,17β-triol to 5-androstene-3β,7β,17β-triol increased during the realimentation. Our data allow to speculate that the intensive 7β-, and 16α- and possibly also the 7α-hydroxylation of C19 Δ5 steroids participate in the pathophysiology of anorexia by additional catabolism of substrates available for synthesis of active androgens and estrogens. However, the question remains whether the synthetic analogues of 7α/β- and 16α-hydroxy-steroids prevent the catabolism of the sex steroid precursors, or further activate the "energy wasting" mitochondrial thermogenic metabolism.
Published: 2019

20. A method for determination of one hundred endogenous steroids in human serum by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Author: Josef Bulant, Jana Vítků, A Černý, Luboslav Stárka, Radmila Kancheva, Patrik Šimják, Marketa Simkova, K Adamcová, Vaclav Hana, Michaela Duskova, Lucie Kolatorova, Tereza Skodova, Martin Hill, Marta Velíková, Z Kokrdová, Michal Koucký, Zdeněk Hájek, and Antonín Pařízek
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Analyte, Neuroactive steroid, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, 01 natural sciences, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Steroid, 03 medical and health sciences, Pregnancy, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Present method, medicine, Humans, Chromatography, Human blood, Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, 0104 chemical sciences, Endogenous steroids, 030104 developmental biology, Female, Steroids, Biomarkers, Hormone
Abstract: Steroid profiling helps various pathologies to be rapidly diagnosed. Results from analyses investigating steroidogenic pathways may be used as a tool for uncovering pathology causations and proposals of new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study was to address still underutilized application of the advanced GC-MS/MS platform for the multicomponent quantification of endogenous steroids. We developed and validated a GC-MS/MS method for the quantification of 58 unconjugated steroids and 42 polar conjugates of steroids (after hydrolysis) in human blood. The present method was validated not only for blood of men and non-pregnant women but also for blood of pregnant women and for mixed umbilical cord blood. The spectrum of analytes includes common hormones operating via nuclear receptors as well as other bioactive substances like immunomodulatory and neuroactive steroids. Our present results are comparable with those from our previously published GC-MS method as well as the results of others. The present method was extended for corticoids and 17α-hydroxylated 5α/β-reduced pregnanes, which are useful for the investigation of alternative “backdoor” pathway. When comparing the analytical characteristics of the present and previous method, the first exhibit by far higher selectivity, and generally higher sensitivity and better precision particularly for 17α-hydroxysteroids.
Published: 2019

21. A Plant-Based Meal Affects Thalamus Perfusion Differently than an Energy- and Macronutrient-Matched Conventional Meal in Men with Type 2 Diabetes, Overweight/Obese, and Healthy Men: A Three-Group Randomized Crossover Study

Author: Andrea Tura, Renata Pavlovicova, Hana Kahleova, Jaroslav Tintera, Olena Oliyarnyk, Michaela Kudlackova, Martin Haluzik, Lenka Thieme, Martin Hill, Terezie Pelikanova, Jiri Veleba, Irena Markova, Hana Malinska, and Marta Klementova
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Perfusion scanning, Type 2 diabetes, Overweight, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Thalamus, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Ingestion, Obesity, Meals, Aged, Meal, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Diet, Vegetarian, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Nutrients, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Diet, Postprandial, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Analysis of variance, medicine.symptom, Energy Intake, business, Perfusion
Abstract: Background: Reward circuitry in the brain plays a key role in weight regulation. We tested the effects of a plant-based meal on these brain regions. Methods: A randomized crossover design was used to test the effects of two energy- and macronutrient-matched meals: a vegan (V-meal) and a conventional meat (M-meal) on brain activity, gastrointestinal hormones, and satiety in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D; n=20), overweight/obese participants (O; n=20), and healthy controls (H; n=20). Brain perfusion was measured, using arterial spin labeling functional brain imaging; satiety was assessed using a visual analogue scale; and plasma concentrations of gut hormones were determined at 0 and 180 min. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. The Hedge's g statistic was used to measure the effect size for means of paired difference between the times (180-0 min) and meal types (M-V meal) for each group. Findings: Thalamus perfusion was the highest in patients with T2Dand the lowest in overweight/obese individuals (p=0.001). Thalamus perfusion decreased significantly after ingestion of the M-meal in men with T2D (p=0.04) and overweight/obese men (p=0.004), and it decreased significantly after ingestion of the V-meal in healthy controls (p
Published: 2019

22. Nikola Tesla: Why was he so much resisted and forgotten? [Retrospectroscope]

Author: Daniel Cervantes, Max E. Valentinuzzi, Ron S. Leder, and Martin Hill Ortiz
Subjects: Male, Engineering, business.industry, Science, Biomedical Engineering, Art history, History, 19th Century, General Medicine, History, 20th Century, Associate editor, Electricity, Law, Humans, New York City, business, Wireless Technology
Abstract: Recently, during the Christmas season, a friend of mine visited me and, sneaking a look at my bookshelves, found two rather old Nikola Tesla biographies, which I had used to prepare a "Retrospectroscope" column for the then-named IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine when our dear friend Alvin Wald was its editor-inchief [2]. Eighteen years have elapsed since then; soon, the idea came up of revamping the article. Cynthia Weber, the magazine's current associate editor, considered it acceptable, and here is the new note divided in two parts: that is, a slightly revised version of the original article followed by new material, including some quite interesting information regarding Tesla's homes and laboratories. On top of this, Tesla is not devoid of a science fiction touch, as mentioned at the end.
Published: 2016

23. The effect of a vegetarian versus conventional hypocaloric diet on serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in patients with type 2 diabetes

Author: J. Rosmus, Terezie Pelikanova, P. Fisar, Andrea Mari, Serena Tonstad, Hana Kahleova, and Martin Hill
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Time Factors, genetic structures, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Type 2 diabetes, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Insulin, Medicine, Adiposity, Czech Republic, Nutrition and Dietetics, Diet, Vegetarian, Middle Aged, Serum concentration, Treatment Outcome, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Analysis of variance, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, Diet, Reducing, Food Contamination, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Isotope dilution, Dioxins, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Weight Loss, Humans, In patient, Aged, Caloric Restriction, Glycated Hemoglobin, Pollutant, business.industry, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Multivariate Analysis, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a vegetarian versus conventional diet on the serum levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in patients with T2D after 12 weeks of dietary intervention and to assess their relationships with metabolic parameters.Men and women with T2D were randomly assigned to follow either a vegetarian diet without fish or meat (n = 37) or an isocaloric conventional antidiabetic diet (n = 37). Both diets were energy restricted (minus 500 kcal/day). All foods were provided to the participants. At randomization (week 0) and 12 weeks, the meal test was performed to assess the β-cell function and serum levels of 24 POPs. Dioxins and dioxin-like POPs were analyzed by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and mass spectrometry after cleanup of the silica and carbon columns. Non-dioxin-like POPs were analyzed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Statistical analyses used were repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a multivariate regression model, and Pearson's correlations. We observed a statistically nonsignificant trend toward increases in the serum levels of most POPs in response to both hypocaloric diets with no differences between groups. In the groups combined, the change in serum concentrations of total POPs was correlated to changes in HbA1c (r = +0.34; p 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (r = +0.41; p 0.01) levels, and β-cell function measured as insulin secretion at a reference glucose level (r = -0.37; p 0.01), independent of the changes in body weight and volume of visceral fat.Short-term hypocaloric vegetarian and conventional diets did not reduce the POP levels, possibly due to mobilization of fat stores. Our findings support the relationship between POPs and diabetes, especially β-cell function.ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00883038, completed.
Published: 2016

24. Preliminary evidence of altered steroidogenesis in women with Alzheimer’s disease: Have the patients 'OLDER' adrenal zona reticularis?

Author: Luboslav Stárka, P Lukasova, Radmila Kancheva, Josef Vcelak, K. Dvořáková, D. Vejražková, Martin Hill, Iva Holmerová, Hana Vaňková, M. Vaňková, Marta Velíková, Robert Rusina, Běla Bendlová, Gabriela Vacinova, and Eva Jarolímová
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, Steroid biosynthesis, Biology, Biochemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Steroid, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Alzheimer Disease, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aromatase, Molecular Biology, Aged, Progesterone Reductase, Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, Cell Biology, Hormones, Zona Reticularis, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, CYP17A1, HSD3B2, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Female, Sulfotransferases, Oxidoreductases, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Zona reticularis, Hormone
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents more than half of total dementias. Various factors including altered steroid biosynthesis may participate in its pathophysiology. We investigated how the circulating steroids (measured by GC-MS and RIA) may be altered in the presence of AD. Sixteen women with AD and 22 age- and BMI-corresponding controls aged over 65 years were enrolled in the study. The steroid levels (47 steroids and steroid polar conjugates) and their ratios in AD female patients indicated increased CYP11A1 activity, weakened activity of the CYP17A1C17,20 lyase metabolic step and attenuated sulfotransferase SULT2A1 activity at higher activity of the CYP17A1 17-hydroxylase step. The patients showed diminished HSD3B2 activity for C21 steroids, abated conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to cortisol, and significantly elevated cortisol. The women with AD had also attenuated steroid 7α-hydroxylation forming immunoprotective Δ(5)-C19 steroids, attenuated aromatase activity forming estradiol that induces autoimmunity and a shift from the 3β-hydroxy-5α/β-reduced C19 steroids to their neuroinhibitory and antiinflammatory GABAergic 3α-hydroxy- counterparts and showed higher levels of the 3α-hydroxy-5α/β-reduced C21 steroids and pregnenolone sulfate (improves cognitive abilities but may be both protective and excitotoxic). Our preliminary data indicated functioning of alternative "backdoor" pathway in women with AD showing higher levels of both 5α/β-reduced C21 steroids but reduced levels of both 5α/β-reduced C21 steroids, which implied that the alternative "backdoor" pathway might include both 5α- and 5β-reduced steroids. Our study suggested relationships between AD status in women based on the age of subjects and levels of 10 steroids measured by GC-MS.
Published: 2016

25. The Response of C19 Δ5-steroids to ACTH Stimulation and Hypoglycemia in Insulin Tolerance Test for Adrenal Insufficiency

Author: Mikulas Kosak, Kateřina Šimůnková, Martin Hill, Vaclav Hana, Hana Jandikova, Hana Pospisilova, Luboslav Stárka, Michal Krsek, Lucie Sosvorova, Monika Sramkova, and Michaela Duskova
Subjects: Adult, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydrocortisone, lcsh:Medicine, Dehydroepiandrosterone, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Stimulation, 7-hydroxy-DHEA, Hypoglycemia, ACTH test, Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Adrenal insufficiency, Humans, Acth stimulation, lcsh:R5-920, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, business.industry, lcsh:R, Insulin tolerance test, General Medicine, 16-hydroxy-DHEA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Time course, Female, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Serum cortisol, Adrenal Insufficiency
Abstract: Studies on the time course of ACTH- or insulin-induced hypoglycemia stimulating adrenal androgens are usually limited to dehydroepiandrosterone and/or its sulphate. Our data on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its hydroxylated metabolites clearly show that measurements of DHEA and its sulphate (DHEAS) are valuable markers of the integrity of the HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis. Assessments of HPA function should rely on measurements of baseline and/or stimulated serum cortisol concentrations, and C19Δ5-steroids may provide additional information. The art of stimulation of 7- and 16-hydroxylated metabolites of DHEA can help our understanding of the formation sequence of these compounds.
Published: 2016

26. The Effect of Meal Frequency on the Fatty Acid Composition of Serum Phospholipids in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Author: Lenka Belinova, Martin Hill, Terezie Pelikanova, Ludmila Kazdova, Andrea Tura, Hana Malinska, and Hana Kahleova
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Linoleic acid, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biology, Body Mass Index, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Linoleic Acid, Palmitic acid, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Meals, Phospholipids, Aged, Meal, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Insulin, Fatty Acids, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Diet, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, Body mass index
Abstract: Fatty acids are important cellular constituents that can affect many metabolic processes relevant for the development of diabetes and its complications. We previously demonstrated a positive effect of eating just 2 meals a day, breakfast and lunch, compared to 6 small meals. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the effect of meal frequency on the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).In a randomized, crossover study, we assigned 54 patients with T2D to follow one of 2 regimens of a hypocaloric diet (-500 kcal/day), each for 12 weeks: 6 meals (A6) or 2 meals a day, breakfast and lunch (B2). The diet in both regimens had the same macronutrient and energy content. The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids was measured at weeks 0, 12, and 24, using gas liquid chromatography. Insulin sensitivity was derived as an oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) index.Saturated fatty acids (mainly myristic and palmitic acids) decreased (p0.001) and n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (p0.001) in response to both regimens but more with B2 (p0.001 for both). Monounsaturated fatty acids decreased (p0.05) and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (p0.001) in response to both regimens, with no difference between the regimens. An increase in OGIS correlated positively with changes in the proportion of linoleic acid in B2. This correlation remained significant even after adjustment for changes in body mass index (BMI; r = +0.38; p = 0.012).We demonstrated that meal frequency affects the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids. The B2 regimen had more marked positive effects, with saturated fatty acids and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids decreasing more. The increase in linoleic acid could partly explain the insulin-sensitizing effect of B2 in T2D.
Published: 2015

27. Novel GC-MS/MS Technique Reveals a Complex Steroid Fingerprint of Subclinical Hypercortisolism in Adrenal Incidentalomas

Author: Václav Hána, Jana Ježková, Mikuláš Kosák, Michal Kršek, and Martin Hill
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, Population, Androstenediol, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biochemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Dexamethasone, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Middle Aged, Androsterone Sulfate, Steroid hormone, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, Pregnenolone, Female, Steroids, business, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract: ContextImprovement of imaging methods has led to more incidental adrenal tumor findings, especially adenomas. Routine hormonal evaluation uses only a few steroids to evaluate possible hormonal hypersecretion of these adenomas, but a wide spectrum of serum steroid hormone changes has not been published.ObjectiveTo measure the serum levels of 83 steroids from patients with unilateral and bilateral adrenal incidentalomas to uncover full steroid profile changes in patients with subclinical hypercortisolism (SH).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted at a tertiary inpatient clinic.PatientsFifty-two patients with adrenal incidentalomas (unilateral, n = 29; bilateral, n = 23), including nonfunctioning (n = 11) vs SH (n = 41), and 26 age- and sex-matched controls from the general population were included.Main Outcome MeasuresEighty-three serum steroids were measured by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) before and after 1 mg dexamethasone, ACTH, midnight serum cortisol, and urinary free cortisol/24 hour.ResultsOf 83 measured steroids, 10 were significantly decreased in patients with SH, including dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androsterone sulfate, epiandrosterone sulfate, androstenediol sulfate, conjugated 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol, and conjugated 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol. This finding was observed even when unilateral, bilateral, male, and female subgroups were analyzed separately. When we compared routine clinical methods and GC-MS/MS‒measured steroids, the most discriminatory was DHEAS followed by midnight serum cortisol, epiandrosterone sulfate, androsterone sulfate, ACTH, and 16α-hydroxypregnenolone.ConclusionsSH was associated with decreased levels of adrenal androgens, their metabolites, and pregnenolone metabolite. GC-MS/MS is a powerful tool for measuring serum levels of these undescribed changes in steroid metabolism, which are characteristic of SH in adrenal incidentalomas.
Published: 2018

28. A Plant-Based Dietary Intervention Improves Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Adults: A 16-Week Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: Neal D. Barnard, Hana Kahleova, Martin Hill, Andrea Tura, and Richard Holubkov
Subjects: Male, vegan, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Overweight, Body Mass Index, law.invention, Absorptiometry, Photon, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, beta-cell function, diet, nutrition, diabetes, Weight loss, law, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Insulin Secretion, Insulin, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Adiposity, Nutrition and Dietetics, Middle Aged, Postprandial Period, Female, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Adult, Diet, Vegan, medicine.medical_specialty, Diet, Reducing, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Aged, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, District of Columbia, Insulin Resistance, Energy Intake, business, Body mass index, Food Science
Abstract: The aim of this study was to test the effect of a plant-based dietary intervention on beta-cell function in overweight adults with no history of diabetes. Participants (n = 75) were randomized to follow a low-fat plant-based diet (n = 38) or to make no diet changes (n = 37) for 16 weeks. At baseline and 16 weeks, beta-cell function was quantified with a mathematical model. Using a standard meal test, insulin secretory rate was calculated by C-peptide deconvolution. The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index was used to assess insulin resistance while fasting. A marked increase in meal-stimulated insulin secretion was observed in the intervention group compared with controls (interaction between group and time, Gxt, p < 0.001). HOMA-IR index fell significantly (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (treatment effect −1.0 (95% CI, −1.2 to −0.8); Gxt, p = 0.004). Changes in HOMA-IR correlated positively with changes in body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat volume (r = 0.34; p = 0.009 and r = 0.42; p = 0.001, respectively). The latter remained significant after adjustment for changes in BMI (r = 0.41; p = 0.002). Changes in glucose-induced insulin secretion correlated negatively with BMI changes (r = −0.25; p = 0.04), but not with changes in visceral fat. Beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved through a low-fat plant-based diet in overweight adults.
Published: 2018
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29. Adenovirus 36 infection: a role in dietary intake and response to inpatient weight management in obese girls

Author: Martin Hill, R L Atkinson, Hana Zamrazilová, Marie Kunešová, Lenka Dusatkova, Hainer, Z P Lee, Irena Aldhoon-Hainerová, and B Sedláčková
Subjects: Pediatric Obesity, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Overweight, Antibodies, Viral, Body fat percentage, Adenovirus Infections, Human, Waist–hip ratio, Risk Factors, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Weight management, Humans, Medicine, Abdominal obesity, Czech Republic, Inpatients, Nutrition and Dietetics, Waist-Hip Ratio, business.industry, Adenoviruses, Human, medicine.disease, Obesity, Diet Records, Endocrinology, Female, Disease Susceptibility, medicine.symptom, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) increases adiposity and is more prevalent in overweight and obese children. Dietary intake in animal models is comparable regardless of Adv36 status. The effects of Adv36 on obesity treatment outcomes have not been clarified. The aim of this study is to investigate the pre-treatment dietary intake and the response to a 4-week inpatient weight management in 184 obese adolescent girls aged 13.0-17.9 years with respect to the presence of Adv36 antibodies. Evaluation of 3-day dietary records did not show any difference in daily intake of energy and essential nutrients between Adv36 antibody positive and negative girls. After the intervention Adv36 positive girls presented with significantly greater decrease of waist circumference (P=0.020), z-score of waist circumference (P=0.024), waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.007) and weight-to-height ratio (P=0.019) compared with Adv36 negative girls. On the contrary, the sum of four skinfolds decreased significantly more in Adv36 negative than in Adv36 positive individuals (P=0.013). Neither body fat percentage nor metabolic and hormonal parameters showed any significant relevance to Adv36 status in response to weight loss intervention. In conclusion, energy restriction in Adv36 antibody positive girls was associated with greater decrease of abdominal obesity and preservation of subcutaneous fat tissue than in those antibody negative.
Published: 2015

30. Development and validation of LC–MS/MS method for quantification of bisphenol A and estrogens in human plasma and seminal fluid

Author: Jana Vitku, Lucie Sosvorova, Jiri Heracek, Marie Bičíková, Tereza Chlupacova, Martin Hill, Richard Hampl, and Luboslav Stárka
Subjects: Male, endocrine system, Estrone, medicine.drug_class, Endocrine Disruptors, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phenols, Limit of Detection, Semen, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Blood plasma, medicine, Humans, Benzhydryl Compounds, Body fluid, Chromatography, urogenital system, Dansyl chloride, Estrogens, Estriol, chemistry, Endocrine disruptor, Estrogen, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely known endocrine disruptor with estrogenic, antiestrogenic or antiandrogenic properties. BPA could interfere with estrogen metabolism as well with receptor-mediated estrogen actions. Both environmental BPA and estrogens may be traced in body fluids, of which, besides the blood plasma, the seminal fluid is of particular interest regarding their possible interactions in the testis. The method for simultaneously determining BPA and estrogens is then needed, taking into account that their concentrations in these body fluid may differ. Here the method was developed and validated for measurements of BPA, estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) in blood plasma and seminal plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Due to the phenolic moiety of all compounds, dansyl chloride derivatization could be used. The analytical criteria of the method with respect to expected concentration of the analytes were satisfactory. The lower limits of quantifications (LLOQ) amounted to 43.5, 4.0, 12.7, 6.7 pg/mL for plasma BPA, E1, E2 and E3, and 28.9, 4.9, 4.5, 3.4 pg/mL for seminal BPA, E1, E2 and E3, respectively. The concentrations of individual steroids differed between body fluids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method that enabled the measurement of estrogens and BPA together in one run. The concentrations of E1, E2 and for the first time also of E3 in seminal plasma in normospermic men are reported.
Published: 2015

31. Water-Aided Colonoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients—A Randomised, Single-Centre Trial

Author: Petr Fojtík, Ondřej Urban, Vit Smajstrla, Přemysl Falt, and Martin Hill
Subjects: Adult, Male, Insufflation, medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, Sedation, medicine.medical_treatment, Conscious Sedation, Colonoscopy, Inflammatory bowel disease, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, medicine, Humans, Intubation, Single-Blind Method, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Water, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, medicine.disease, Surgery, Single centre, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Abdomen, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background: Water-aided colonoscope insertion reduces patients′ discomfort and need for sedation in unsedated and minimally sedated patients. However, water-aided technique has never been studied in inflammatory bowel disease patients, characterised by younger age, structural changes of the colon and need for repeated colonoscopies. Our trial was designed to evaluate discomfort associated with water-aided colonoscopy compared with air insufflation in on-demand sedated patients with known inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: In a randomised, single-centre study, 92 patients were randomised to either water-aided insertion and air insufflation during withdrawal [Water] or air insufflation during both insertion and withdrawal [Air]. The main outcome measured was success rate of unsedated colonoscopy, defined as reaching the caecum without requiring sedation and with discomfort during insertion of less than or equal to 5 using 0–10 continuous scale [0 = none, 10 = maximum pain]. Results: Success rate of caecal intubation without sedation or invoking a discomfort score greater than 5 was significantly higher in the Water arm compared with the Air arm [73.9 vs 45.7%, p = 0.01]. Discomfort score during insertion [mean ± SD] was significantly lower in the Water than in the Air arm [3.8±2.4 vs 5.4±1.9, p < 0.001]. Other outcomes including procedural times, success rate of terminal ileum intubation, need for abdominal compression, and repositioning were comparable. There were no complications recorded in the study. Conclusions: Compared with air insufflation, water-aided colonoscopy significantly reduces discomfort in on-demand sedated patients with inflammatory bowel disease, achieving comparable procedural outcomes.
Published: 2015

32. Lipidomic analysis of plasma, erythrocytes and lipoprotein fractions of cardiovascular disease patients using UHPLC/MS, MALDI-MS and multivariate data analysis

Author: Martina Bancířová, Jitka Vostálová, Jan Galuszka, Blanka Červená, Vitaliy Chagovets, Eva Cífková, Martin Hill, Michal Holčapek, and Miroslav Lísa
Subjects: Adult, Male, Multivariate analysis, Lipoproteins, Electrospray ionization, Clinical Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Cohort Studies, Lipidomics, Partial least squares regression, Humans, Obesity, Least-Squares Analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chemical ionization, Chromatography, Chemistry, Hydrophilic interaction chromatography, Computational Biology, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Lipids, Cardiovascular Diseases, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Multivariate Analysis, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Sphingomyelin, Lipoprotein
Abstract: Differences among lipidomic profiles of healthy volunteers, obese people and three groups of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients are investigated with the goal to differentiate individual groups based on the multivariate data analysis (MDA) of lipidomic data from plasma, erythrocytes and lipoprotein fractions of more than 50 subjects. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UHPLC) column coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is used for the quantitation of four classes of polar lipids (phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and lysophosphatidylcholines), normal-phase UHPLC—atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS (NP-UHPLC/APCI-MS) is applied for the quantitation of five classes of nonpolar lipids (cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols, sterols, 1,3-diacylglycerols and 1,2-diacylglycerols) and the potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is tested for the fast screening of all lipids without a chromatographic separation. Obtained results are processed by unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (orthogonal partial least squares) MDA approaches to highlight the largest differences among individual groups and to identify lipid molecules with the highest impact on the group differentiation.
Published: 2015

33. Dehydroepiandrosterone, its metabolites and ion channels

Author: Luboslav Stárka, Martin Hill, and Michaela Duskova
Subjects: Central Nervous System, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroactive steroid, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Central nervous system, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Neuroprotection, Ion Channels, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Peripheral Nervous System, medicine, Animals, Humans, Glucose homeostasis, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Muscle, Smooth, Cell Biology, Androgen, Glucose, medicine.anatomical_structure, Peripheral nervous system, Molecular Medicine, Female, Steroids, Androstane
Abstract: This review is focused on the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of steroids influencing the activities of the central and peripheral nervous systems with regard to their concentrations in body fluids and tissues in various stages of human life like the fetal development or pregnancy. The data summarized in this review shows that DHEA and its unconjugated and sulfated metabolites are physiologically and pathophysiologically relevant in modulating numerous ion channels and participate in vital functions of the human organism. DHEA and its unconjugated and sulfated metabolites including 5α/β-reduced androstane steroids participate in various physiological and pathophysiological processes like the management of GnRH cyclic release, regulation of glandular and neurotransmitter secretions, maintenance of glucose homeostasis on one hand and insulin insensitivity on the other hand, control of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle activities including vasoregulation, promotion of tolerance to ischemia and other neuroprotective effects. In respect of prevalence of steroid sulfates over unconjugated steroids in the periphery and the opposite situation in the CNS, the sulfated androgens and androgen metabolites reach relevance in peripheral organs. The unconjugated androgens and estrogens are relevant in periphery and so much the more in the CNS due to higher concentrations of most unconjugated steroids in the CNS tissues than in circulation and peripheral organs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Essential role of DHEA".
Published: 2015

34. How Does Energy Intake Influence the Levels of Certain Steroids?

Author: Martin Hill, Beata Racz, Michaela Duskova, Luboslav Stárka, Karel Vondra, and Hana Jandikova
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydrocortisone, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Melatonin, Eating, Food intake, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Testosterone, Menstrual cycle, Morning, media_common, Steroid hormones, Glucose tolerance test, lcsh:R5-920, medicine.diagnostic_test, lcsh:R, Dehydroepiandrosterone, General Medicine, Glucose Tolerance Test, Circadian Rhythm, Steroid hormone, Endocrinology, Glucose, Female, Energy Intake, lcsh:Medicine (General), hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract: The influence of steroid hormones on food intake is well described. However, there are only a few studies on the effect of food intake on steroid levels. The study involved eight non-smoker women (average age 29.48 ± 2.99 years; average BMI 21.3 ± 1.3 kg/m2); they did not use any kind of medication affecting steroidogenesis. We analysed the influence of four various stimuli on the levels of steroid hormones and melatonin. During their follicular phase of menstrual cycle, each woman had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), a standard breakfast and psyllium (a non-caloric fibre). Cortisol declined during each test, which is a physiological decline in the morning hours. In all tests (except of the application of the non-caloric fibre, psyllium), however, this decline was modified. After the standard breakfast there was an increase in cortisol at 40th minute. The OGTT and IVGTT tests led to a plateau in cortisol levels. Testosterone levels and those of other steroid hormones showed no relationships to tested stimulations. Oral and intravenous glucose have influenced physiological decline of melatonin levels. During the IVGTT test, melatonin levels started to increase at 20th minute, reaching a maximum at 40th minute. The OGTT test led to a delayed increase in melatonin levels, compared to IVGTT. Despite the fact that we performed the tests in the morning hours, when steroid hormone levels physiologically start to change due to their diurnal rhythm, we still found that food intake influences some of the hormone levels.
Published: 2015

35. Daily Profiles of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its Hydroxylated Metabolites with Respect to Food Intake

Author: Michaela Duskova, Beata Racz, Martin Hill, Luboslav Stárka, and Monika Sramkova
Subjects: Adult, Food intake, medicine.medical_specialty, Dehydroepiandrosterone, lcsh:Medicine, Reproductive age, Hydroxylation, Drug Administration Schedule, Eating, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Morning, lcsh:R5-920, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, lcsh:R, Daily profile, General Medicine, 16-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, Endocrinology, Normal body mass index, 7-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, Female, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), Follow-Up Studies, Hormone
Abstract: Eight women of reproductive age with normal body mass index were given 5 standardised meals, and their hormonal milieu was determined during the course of the day. Plasma from 12 withdrawals was analysed for dehydroepiandrosterone and its 7- and 16-hydroxylated metabolites. Overall, there was a maximum in the levels of steroid hormones in the morning, followed by decreases throughout the day. There was also an additional significant decrease found for dehydroepiandrosterone and its 7α-hydroxyderivative in association with the consumption of main meals, but not for the 7β-isomer or 16α-hydroxyderivative.
Published: 2015

36. Dehydroepiandrosterone: A neuroactive steroid

Author: Luboslav Stárka, Michaela Duskova, and Martin Hill
Subjects: Central Nervous System, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroactive steroid, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Biochemistry, Neuroprotection, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Internal medicine, Adrenal Glands, medicine, Animals, Humans, Testosterone, Gonads, Molecular Biology, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, business.industry, Brain, Dihydrotestosterone, Cell Biology, Human brain, Androgen, Oxygen, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Androgens, Molecular Medicine, Steroids, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate bound form (DHEAS) are important steroids of mainly adrenal origin. They are produced also in gonads and in the brain. Dehydroepiandrosterone easily crosses the brain-blood barrier and in part is also produced locally in the brain tissue. In the brain, DHEA exerts its effects after conversion to either testosterone and dihydrotestosterone or estradiol via androgen and estrogen receptors present in the most parts of the human brain, through mainly non-genomic mechanisms, or eventually indirectly via the effects of its metabolites formed locally in the brain. As a neuroactive hormone, DHEA in co-operation with other hormones and transmitters significantly affects some aspects of human mood, and modifies some features of human emotions and behavior. It has been reported that its administration can increase feelings of well-being and is useful in ameliorating atypical depressive disorders. It has neuroprotective and antiglucocorticoid activity and modifies immune reactions, and some authors have also reported its role in degenerative brain diseases. Here we present a short overview of the possible actions of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate in the brain, calling attention to various mechanisms of their action as neurosteroids and to prospects for the knowledge of their role in brain disorders.
Published: 2015

37. Androst-5-ene-3β,7α/β,17β-triols, their plasma levels and dependence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Author: Michaela Duskova, Martin Hill, Lucie Kolatorova, and Luboslav Stárka
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, Hypothalamus, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Pituitary-Adrenal System, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Androsterone, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Immune system, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Ene reaction, Pharmacology, Human blood, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Plasma levels, Steroid hormone, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Abstract: Androst-5-ene-triols are metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone, the most abundant steroid hormone in human circulation. Many observations in rodents have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and immune modulating activity of 7β-hydroxy-androst-5-enes, and on the basis of these experiments androst-5-ene-3β,7β,17β-triol is considered as a potential agent in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In contrast to the fairly abundant information on the levels and effects of androst-5-ene-triols in experimental animals and of their the pharmacological perspective, little is known about androst-5-ene-3β,7α/β,17β-triols circulating in human blood, their regulation by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, or their daily concentration variability. Here we provide some data on androst-5-ene-3β,7α/β,17β-triol concentrations under various conditions in men and women.
Published: 2017

38. Circulating steroids negatively correlate with tinnitus

Author: Pavel Chrbolka, Martin Hill, Štefan Alušík, and Zoltán Paluch
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroactive steroid, Clinical Biochemistry, Physiology, Audiology, Biochemistry, Neuroprotection, 03 medical and health sciences, Tinnitus, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Metabolome, Humans, Metabolomics, Molecular Biology, Depression (differential diagnoses), Pharmacology, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pathophysiology, 030104 developmental biology, Mood, Female, Steroids, medicine.symptom, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Hormone
Abstract: While not a disease entity in itself; symptoms of tinnitus (from Latin tinnio - clink) accompany a number of diseases. Tinnitus prevalence increases with age, deteriorates one's quality of life, and may even result in suicidal behavior. Tinnitus develops in response to a variety of risk factors, otoxic substances, noise exposure, hearing disorders, and psychological alterations. Tinnitus is closely related to mood, depression, and psychological state. In the present study, we focused on alterations of the steroid metabolome and particularly neuroactive, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory steroids in patients with tinnitus. The study group consisted of 28 patients without evidence of an organic cause of tinnitus as well as without associated diseases or the effect of ototoxic medications. All patients underwent a complete audiological assessment and laboratory tests including routine biochemical markers and quantification of circulating steroids using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassays. To rule out a pathology in the cerebellopontine angle area, CT scan or MRI were performed. To diagnose stem lesions, evoked potentials were also measured. Pearson's correlations and multivariate regression were used to assess any links between tinnitus intensity and frequency on the one hand, and steroid levels on the other. Results indicated a significant and consistent negative correlation between tinnitus indices and intensity of adrenal steroidogenesis. The circulating steroid metabolome including hormones and neuroactive, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory steroids negatively correlates with the degree of tinnitus due to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis malfunction. Our results may help explain the pathophysiology of tinnitus and improve its diagnosis. However, further studies are needed to verify our postulation.
Published: 2017

39. The role of steroids in the development of post-partum mental disorders

Author: K Adamcová, Martin Hill, Roman Jirak, Vladimira Horakova, Antonin Parizek, Michaela Duskova, Zdenka Fartakova, Andrea Pašková, Luboslav Stárka, Michaela Mikesova, Hana Hruskovicova, and Michal Koucky
Subjects: Adult, Postpartum depression, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Neuroactive steroid, business.industry, Central nervous system, Physiology, medicine.disease, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Depression, Postpartum, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Metabolomics, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, business, Depression (differential diagnoses), Ionotropic effect, Hormone
Abstract: Background. Unfavorable post-partum changes to mental well-being affect more than half of all women, and are a risk to the health of both mother and baby. Their effects place strains on health and social systems. Currently, no generally accepted theory exists of the causes and mechanisms of post-partum mental disorders. Methods. Literature search up to 2012, using PubMed and search words: neuroactive steroids, post-partum mental disorders, depression, corticotropin-releasing hormone and estrogens. Results. There are several theories for post-partum depression. One is that autoimmune diseases are involved. Others revolve around genes responsible or that lead to increased disposition to the disorder. It is likely however that the process is associated with the separation of the placenta and the fetal zone of fetal adrenal gland, the main sources of corticotropin-releasing hormone and sexual and neuroactive steroids during pregnancy, and the ability of the receptor system to adapt to these changes. The central nervous system is able to produce neurosteroids, but the drop in levels of peripheral steroids likely leads to a sudden deficit in neuroinhibitory steroids modulating ionotropic receptors in the brain. Conclusions. Post-partum depression is a multifactorial disease with unknown etiology. It is probably associated with sudden changes in the production of hormones influencing the nervous system, and on the other hand the ability of the receptor system to adapt to these changes. When the relative changes in concentrations of hormones, rather than their absolute levels, is likely more important.
Published: 2014

40. Effect of Acute Hyperinsulinemia on Brain Metabolism Evaluated by 1H MR Spectroscopy – a Pilot Study

Author: J. Brunová, Terezie Pelikanova, Monika Dezortova, Martin Hill, Antonin Skoch, Milan Hájek, Simona Kratochvilova, and E. Svehliková
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy, medicine.medical_specialty, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Physiology, Pilot Projects, Biology, Creatine, Young Adult, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hyperinsulinism, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Hyperinsulinemia, medicine, Humans, Choline, Inositol, Amino Acids, Brain Chemistry, General Medicine, Metabolism, medicine.disease, Glutamine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Endocrinology, chemistry, Glucose Clamp Technique, Female
Abstract: To determine whether acutely-induced supraphysiological hyperinsulinemia influences brain metabolism in patients with type 1 diabetes (D) and healthy controls (C) as detected by MR Spectroscopy. Group D consisted of 4 patients with the average duration of diabetes for 7 years. They were matched according to age, sex and BMI to 4 healthy controls. 1H MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 1.5 Tesla. Spectra were obtained from parietooccipital white matter repeatedly during a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with 2 mU.kgˉ¹.minˉ¹. In group D, significantly lower basal concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (p=0.02), choline (p=0.03), creatine (p=0.002) and inositol (p=0.007) were detected compared to C. After the induction of hyperinsulinemia, concentrations of choline, creatine, GABA, inositol, lactate, NAA and composite signal glutamate + glutamine (Glx) stayed stable. The detection of glucose signal is less realiable at 1.5 Tesla but we registered the alteration in glucose concentration (p=0.003) in the whole group. Originally sightly elevated glucose concentration in D decreased on the contrary to the increase of originally lower glucose level in C. In conclusions, brain metabolism was altered in D. Short term supraphysiological euglycemic hyperinsulinemia induced changes in the concentration of brain glucose in both C and D.
Published: 2014

41. Fetal complications due to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Author: A Černý, Michal Koucký, Antonín Pařízek, Martin Hill, Luboslav Stárka, K Adamcová, Michaela Duskova, Patrik Šimják, and Libor Vítek
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cholestasis, Intrahepatic, Liver disorder, Cholestasis, Meconium, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, Fetus, integumentary system, Respiratory distress, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, Pregnancy Complications, Fetal Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Premature Birth, Female, business, Liver function tests, Cholestasis of pregnancy
Abstract: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disorder of pregnancy. Diagnosis is based on the clinical picture, particularly the presence of pruritus with a deterioration of liver function tests, and typically elevated serum levels of total bile acids. ICP manifests in the second half of pregnancy, predominantly during the third trimester. Symptoms of the disease resolve spontaneously after delivery. Etiology is still not fully understood. Genetic defects in specific transport proteins, elevated levels of sex hormones, and various environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of this disorder. Although practically benign for the pregnant woman, ICP represents a serious threat to the fetus. It increases the risk of preterm delivery, meconium excretion into the amniotic fluid, respiratory distress syndrome, and sudden intrauterine fetal death. Identifying fetuses at risk of ICP complications remains challenging. The ideal obstetrical management of ICP needs to be definitively determined. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on fetal complications of ICP and describe management options for their prevention.
Published: 2014

42. Serum Cortisol Seems To Be a More Appropriate Marker for Adrenocortical Reserve Evaluation in ACTH Test in Comparison to Salivary Cortisol

Author: Mikulas Kosak, Martin Hill, Vaclav Hana, Josef Marek, Kateřina Šimůnková, Zdeňka Lacinová, and Michal Krsek
Subjects: Adult, Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydrocortisone, Physiology, Young Adult, Addison Disease, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Saliva, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Salivary cortisol, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alternative methods, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Repeated measures design, Mean age, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Endocrinology, Free fraction, Female, business, Biomarkers, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Serum cortisol
Abstract: Salivary cortisol reflects the free fraction of serum cortisol. Monitoring salivary cortisol may be a promising alternative method for assessing serum cortisol in some clinical situations. We aimed to compare the reliability of salivary vs. serum cortisol during ACTH test. 84 subjects (mean age 63.2; 24-89 years; n=66 males) suspected for adrenocortical insufficiency underwent an ACTH test. Patients were divided based on peak serum cortisol into hypocortical group with cortisol 500 nmol/l. Median serum cortisol levels in reference group were 445, 766, and 902 nmol/l at 0, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively, and in hypocortical group were 256, 394, and 453 nmol/l. Median salivary cortisol levels were 19.02, 40.02, and 62.1 nmol/l in reference group, and 9.60, 14.08, and 13.28 nmol/l in hypocortical group. Obtained values showed good correlation between serum and salivary cortisol (p
Published: 2014

43. [Frequency and timing of meals and changes in body mass index: Analysis of the data from the Adventist Health Study-2]

Author: Hana, Kahleová, Jan Irene, Lloren, Andrew, Mashchak, Martin, Hill, and Gary, Fraser
Subjects: Male, Eating, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Female, Feeding Behavior, Longitudinal Studies, Life Style, Meals, Body Mass Index
Abstract: Our study focuses on examining the relationship between the frequency and timing of meals and changes in BMI in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) which represents a relatively healthy population in North America.A longitudinal analysis was undertaken using data from 48 673 individuals monitored over an average period of 7.43 ± 1.24 years. The number of meals per day, length of nighttime fasting, eating breakfast and timing of the largest meal of the day (breakfast 5-11 a.m., lunch noon-4 p.m. or supper/dinner 5-11 p.m.) were used as independent variables. The primary output was the change in body mass index (BMI) once in a year. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for all important demographic factors and lifestyle factors.Consumption of 1 and 2 meals a day was associated with decrease in BMI (-0.04; 95% CI -0.06 to -0.03 and -0.02; 95% CI -0.03 to -0,01 kg.m-2 per year, respectively). On the other hand, consumption of 3 or more meals a day was associated with increase in BMI, in a linear relation (p0.001). BMI of those who skipped breakfast increased (0.029; 95% CI 0.021-0.037 kg.m-2 per year; p = 0.002) as compared to no BMI change in those who had breakfast (-0.0002; 95% CI -0.005 to + 0.004 kg.m-2 per year). Those, whose largest meal of the day was breakfast, recorded no significant change in BMI (-0.002 95% CI -0.008 to +0.004 kg.m-2 per year). On the contrary, the largest supper was associated with the greatest increase in BMI (0.034; 95% CI 0.029-0.040 kg.m-2 per year).Our results indicate that eating less frequently, consuming breakfast and having the largest meal in the morning hours may be effective measures to prevent weight gain.Key words: body mass index (BMI) - frequency and timing of meals - body mass regulation - breakfast.
Published: 2016

44. Insulin sensitivity and secretion in obese Type 2 diabetic women after various bariatric operations

Author: Tereza Grimmichova, Josef Vcelak, Marie Kunešová, Ioannis Kyrou, Vojtech Hainer, Bela Bendlova, Sudhesh Kumar, Katerina Dvorakova, Jana Vrbikova, Martin Fried, Andrea Tura, Karin Dolezalova, Martin Hill, Olga Lischkova, and Petra Sramkova
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Gastric banding, Bariatric Surgery, Beta-cell Function, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Laparoscopic gastric plication, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Insulin Secretion, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Secretion, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:RC620-627, Biliopancreatic Diversion, Aged, business.industry, Insulin sensitivity, Beta cell function, Middle Aged, respiratory system, Obesity, Morbid, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Treatment Outcome, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Laparoscopic gastric banding, Female, Laparoscopy, Original Article, Insulin Resistance, business, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, human activities
Abstract: Objective: To compare the effects of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) on insulin sensitivity and secretion with the effects of laparoscopic gastric plication (P). Methods: A total of 52 obese women (age 30-66 years) suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were prospectively recruited into three study groups: 16 BPD; 16 LAGB, and 20 P. Euglycemic clamps and mixed meal tolerance tests were performed before, at 1 month and at 6 months after bariatric surgery. Beta cell function derived from the meal test parameters was evaluated using mathematical modeling. Results: Glucose disposal per kilogram of fat free mass (a marker of peripheral insulin sensitivity) increased significantly in all groups, especially after 1 month. Basal insulin secretion decreased significantly after all three types of operations, with the most marked decrease after BPD compared with P and LAGB. Total insulin secretion decreased significantly only following the BPD. Beta cell glucose sensitivity did not change significantly post-surgery in any of the study groups. Conclusion: We documented similar improvement in insulin sensitivity in obese T2DM women after all three study operations during the 6-month postoperative follow-up. Notably, only BPD led to decreased demand on beta cells (decreased integrated insulin secretion), but without increasing the beta cell glucose sensitivity.
Published: 2016

45. Serum steroid profiling in Cushing’s syndrome patients

Author: Václav Hána, Jana Ježková, Mikuláš Kosák, Michal Kršek, and Martin Hill
Subjects: Adenoma, Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydrocortisone, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, Population, Disease, Biochemistry, Steroid, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Adrenal adenoma, education, Cushing Syndrome, Molecular Biology, Aged, education.field_of_study, Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY, S syndrome, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, business.industry, Ectopic acth, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, Hyperplasia, Prognosis, medicine.disease, ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic, 030104 developmental biology, Mineralocorticoid, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Molecular Medicine, Female, Steroids, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Cushing's syndrome is caused by increased exposure to cortisol. Discrimination of different causes of endogenous hypercortisolism can make a diagnostic dilemma.In serum samples from patients with Cushing's syndrome (47 with Cushing's disease, 6 with ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, 16 with adrenal adenoma, 7 bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) with overt Cushing's syndrome, 42 controls from the general population) using novel method based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) we measured 94 serum steroids to search for steroid fingerprint of each subtype.Patients with Cushing's disease and ectopic ACTH producing tumors showed elevated levels of androgens and their metabolites when compared with healthy controls. Mineralocorticoid precursors were also elevated in ectopic ACTH syndrome. The levels of androgens were decreased in adrenal adenomas and BMAH. ROC analysis showed 100% sensitivity and 93.6% specificity for 11β-hydroxyepiandrosterone sulfate for discrimination of Cushing's disease from ectopic ACTH secretion. We didn't find any significant (p 0.05) difference in steroids that would discriminate BMAH from unilateral adenomas causing Cushing's syndrome.Various causes of Cushing's syndrome show particular steroid fingerprints that can be used to discriminate and may help to achieve appropriate clinical diagnosis.
Published: 2019

46. A Plant-Based Meal Stimulates Incretin and Insulin Secretion More Than an Energy- and Macronutrient-Matched Standard Meal in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Study

Author: Marta Klementova, Lenka Thieme, Renata Pavlovicova, Martin Hill, Hana Kahleova, Andrea Tura, Terezie Pelikanova, and Martin Haluzik
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Diet, Vegan, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Meat, medicine.medical_treatment, Amylin, Incretin, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Vegetables, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Meals, Meal, Cross-Over Studies, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, beta-cell function, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Nutrients, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, nutrition, Endocrinology, Postprandial, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, plant-based, type 2 diabetes, Energy Intake, business, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, incretins, Food Science
Abstract: Diminished postprandial secretion of incretins and insulin represents one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms behind type 2 diabetes (T2D). We tested the effects of two energy- and macronutrient-matched meals: A standard meat (M-meal) and a vegan (V-meal) on postprandial incretin and insulin secretion in participants with T2D. A randomized crossover design was used in 20 participants with T2D. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), amylin, and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) were determined at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. Beta-cell function was assessed with a mathematical model, using C-peptide deconvolution. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Postprandial plasma glucose responses were similar after both test meals (p = 0.64). An increase in the stimulated secretion of insulin (by 30.5%, 95% CI 21.2 to 40.7%, p &lt, 0.001), C-peptide (by 7.1%, 95% CI 4.1 to 9.9%, 0.001), and amylin (by 15.7%, 95% CI 11.8 to 19.7%, 0.001) was observed following consumption of the V-meal. An increase in stimulated secretion of GLP-1 (by 19.2%, 95% CI 12.4 to 26.7%, 0.001) and a decrease in GIP (by &minus, 9.4%, 95% CI &minus, 17.3 to &minus, 0.7%, p = 0.02) were observed after the V-meal. Several parameters of beta-cell function increased after the V-meal, particularly insulin secretion at a fixed glucose value 5 mmol/L, rate sensitivity, and the potentiation factor. Our results showed an increase in postprandial incretin and insulin secretion, after consumption of a V-meal, suggesting a therapeutic potential of plant-based meals for improving beta-cell function in T2D.
Published: 2019

47. A Plant-Based Meal Increases Gastrointestinal Hormones and Satiety More Than an Energy- and Macronutrient-Matched Processed-Meat Meal in T2D, Obese, and Healthy Men: A Three-Group Randomized Crossover Study

Author: Martin Haluzik, Marta Klementova, Renata Pavlovicova, Terezie Pelikanova, Martin Hill, Hana Kahleova, and Lenka Thieme
Subjects: gastrointestinal hormones, Blood Glucose, Male, satiety, Amylin, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Meals, Meal, education.field_of_study, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Diet, Vegetarian, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Middle Aged, Postprandial Period, Meat Products, nutrition, Cholesterol, Postprandial, type 2 diabetes, Dietary Proteins, Analysis of variance, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Adult, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Satiation, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Obesity, education, Triglycerides, Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin, business.industry, Dietary Fats, Crossover study, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Peptide YY, plant-based, business, Food Science, Hormone
Abstract: Gastrointestinal hormones are involved in regulation of glucose metabolism and satiety. We tested the acute effect of meal composition on these hormones in three population groups. A randomized crossover design was used to examine the effects of two energy- and macronutrient-matched meals: a processed-meat and cheese (M-meal) and a vegan meal with tofu (V-meal) on gastrointestinal hormones, and satiety in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 20), obese men (O, n = 20), and healthy men (H, n = 20). Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), amylin, and peptide YY (PYY) were determined at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. Visual analogue scale was used to assess satiety. We used repeated-measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for statistical analysis. Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 increased after the V-meal in T2D (by 30.5%, 95%CI 21.2 to 40.7%, p &lt, 0.001) and H (by 15.8%, 95%CI 8.6 to 23.5%, p = 0.01). Postprandial plasma concentrations of amylin increased in in all groups after the V-meal: by 15.7% in T2D (95%CI 11.8 to 19.6%, 0.001), by 11.5% in O (95%CI 7.8 to 15.3%, p = 0.03), and by 13.8% in H (95%CI 8.4 to 19.5%, 0.001). An increase in postprandial values of PYY after the V-meal was significant only in H (by 18.9%, 95%CI 7.5 to 31.3%, p = 0.03). Satiety was greater in all participants after the V-meal: by 9% in T2D (95%CI 4.4 to 13.6%, p = 0.004), by 18.7% in O (95%CI 12.8 to 24.6%, and by 25% in H (95%CI 18.2 to 31.7%, 0.001). Our results indicate there is an increase in gut hormones and satiety, following consumption of a single plant-based meal with tofu when compared with an energy- and macronutrient-matched processed-meat meat and cheese meal, in healthy, obese and diabetic men.
Published: 2019

48. Safety and on-treatment efficacy of telaprevir: the early access programme for patients with advanced hepatitis C

Author: Inmaculada Fernández, Wafae Iraqi, Heiner Wedemeyer, D. Abdurakhmanov, I. Lonjon-Domanec, Christophe Moreno, M.L. Colombo, Ralph DeMasi, J.M. Läuffer, Simone I. Strasser, A. Verheyen, Petr Urbánek, Paulo Roberto Abrão Ferreira, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, and Andrew Martin Hill
Subjects: Adult, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Genotype, Alpha interferon, Hepacivirus, Interferon alpha-2, Antiviral Agents, Gastroenterology, Drug Administration Schedule, Polyethylene Glycols, Telaprevir, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Ribavirin, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Aged, business.industry, Interferon-alpha, virus diseases, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, medicine.disease, Rash, Recombinant Proteins, digestive system diseases, Surgery, Discontinuation, Treatment Outcome, Tolerability, chemistry, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Oligopeptides, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract: Severe adverse events (AEs) compromise the outcome of direct antiviral agent-based treatment in patients with advanced liver fibrosis due to HCV infection. HEP3002 is an ongoing multinational programme to evaluate safety and efficacy of telaprevir (TVR) plus pegylated-interferon-α (PEG-IFNα) and ribavirin (RBV) in patients with advanced liver fibrosis caused by HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1)., JOURNAL ARTICLE, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2013

49. Lifestyle intervention discloses an association of the Eating Inventory-51 factors with cardiometabolic health risks

Author: Irena Aldhoon Hainerová, Hana Zamrazilová, Karolína Hlavatá, Milena Gojová, Marie Kunešová, Martin Hill, Jara Nedvídková, France Bellisle, and Vojtěch Hainer
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Diet, Reducing, medicine.medical_treatment, Body Mass Index, Risk Factors, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Life Style, Adiponectin, medicine.diagnostic_test, Insulin, Body Weight, Feeding Behavior, Middle Aged, Neuropeptide Y receptor, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Endocrinology, Disinhibition, Body Composition, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Lipid profile, Body mass index
Abstract: Factors of the Eating Inventory-51 (EI) were revealed as significant predictors of health risks. Associations of EI factors (restraint, disinhibition, hunger) with cardiometabolic risk parameters and selected hormones were analysed before and after an in-patient weight reduction programme. Sixty-seven women (age: 48.7 ± 12.2 years; body mass index: 32.4 ± 4.4 kg/m(2)), who exhibited stable weight on a 7 MJ/day diet during the first week, obtained a 4.5 MJ/day diet over the subsequent 3-week period. No significant relations were observed before the weight reduction. After weight loss, restraint score negatively correlated with total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, C peptide, insulin and neuropeptide Y. Hunger score was positively related to insulin and neuropeptide Y. Disinhibition score correlated positively with lipid profile and neuropeptide Y, while negatively with adiponectin. An implementation of a standard dietary and lifestyle pattern for 3 weeks revealed significant associations between EI factors and metabolic risks in women.
Published: 2013

50. Short-term exercise combined with Acipimox administration induces an increase in plasma ACTH and its subsequent fall in the recovery phase in bulimic women

Author: Kvido Smitka, Jara Nedvidkova, Karel Vondra, Hana Papezova, Vojtech Hainer, and Martin Hill
Subjects: Adult, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Acipimox, Physiology, Clinical Biochemistry, Adipose tissue, Placebo, Biochemistry, law.invention, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Single-Blind Method, Bulimia, Exercise, Binge eating, Bulimia nervosa, Leptin, medicine.disease, Pyrazines, Lean body mass, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: Free fatty acids (FFA)-adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) feedback loop between adipose tissue and the hypothalamic-pituitary centers in the brain has been suggested to be affected by the exercise and by administration of anti-lipolytic drugs. Also leptin may be affected by exercise. Dysfunction of FFA-leptin-ACTH secretion might be involved in binge eating and subsequent purging as is the case in bulimia nervosa (BN).In the present single-blind, randomized study, we explored responses of plasma ACTH, leptin and FFA concentrations to exercise (45 min, 2 W/kg of lean body mass [LBM]) with Acipimox (Aci), an anti-lipolytic nicotinic acid analog, or placebo randomly received in nine women with BN and nine healthy women.The exercise with Aci administration resulted in plasma ACTH (p0.001) and leptin increase higher in BN patients and a decrease in the plasma FFA levels in both groups. The falling of plasma ACTH (p0.01) levels in the post-exercise recovering phase (90-minute) with Aci administration is more expressed in BN patients. The exercise induced an increase in plasma ACTH (p0.05) and FFA levels and a decrease in the plasma leptin level in both groups.We demonstrated that the Aci-induced elevation in plasma ACTH (p0.001) levels after the exercise higher in BN patients and that the falling of plasma ACTH (p0.01) levels in the post-exercise recovering phase (90-minute) with Aci administration is suppressed only in BN patients, while Aci increased plasma leptin levels in this recovering phase more in BN patients. Therefore, these observations led us to suggesting that FFA-leptin-ACTH are involved in the dysregulation of neuroendocrine profile in this syndrome and that Aci affects a FFA-independent mechanism. In conclusion, Aci can be considered acceptable in the treatment of eating disorders, and it may also serve as an alternative low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) in these patients.Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12612000309886.
Published: 2013

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