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A Plant-Based Dietary Intervention Improves Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Adults: A 16-Week Randomized Clinical Trial
- Source :
- Nutrients; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 189, Nutrients, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 189 (2018), Nutrients
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2018.
-
Abstract
- The aim of this study was to test the effect of a plant-based dietary intervention on beta-cell function in overweight adults with no history of diabetes. Participants (n = 75) were randomized to follow a low-fat plant-based diet (n = 38) or to make no diet changes (n = 37) for 16 weeks. At baseline and 16 weeks, beta-cell function was quantified with a mathematical model. Using a standard meal test, insulin secretory rate was calculated by C-peptide deconvolution. The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index was used to assess insulin resistance while fasting. A marked increase in meal-stimulated insulin secretion was observed in the intervention group compared with controls (interaction between group and time, Gxt, p < 0.001). HOMA-IR index fell significantly (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (treatment effect −1.0 (95% CI, −1.2 to −0.8); Gxt, p = 0.004). Changes in HOMA-IR correlated positively with changes in body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat volume (r = 0.34; p = 0.009 and r = 0.42; p = 0.001, respectively). The latter remained significant after adjustment for changes in BMI (r = 0.41; p = 0.002). Changes in glucose-induced insulin secretion correlated negatively with BMI changes (r = −0.25; p = 0.04), but not with changes in visceral fat. Beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved through a low-fat plant-based diet in overweight adults.
- Subjects :
- Male
vegan
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_treatment
Overweight
Body Mass Index
law.invention
Absorptiometry, Photon
0302 clinical medicine
Randomized controlled trial
beta-cell function
diet
nutrition
diabetes
Weight loss
law
Insulin-Secreting Cells
Insulin Secretion
Insulin
Diet, Fat-Restricted
Adiposity
Nutrition and Dietetics
Middle Aged
Postprandial Period
Female
medicine.symptom
lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Adult
Diet, Vegan
medicine.medical_specialty
Diet, Reducing
lcsh:TX341-641
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Intra-Abdominal Fat
Article
03 medical and health sciences
Insulin resistance
Diabetes mellitus
Internal medicine
Weight Loss
medicine
Humans
Obesity
Aged
030109 nutrition & dietetics
business.industry
medicine.disease
Endocrinology
District of Columbia
Insulin Resistance
Energy Intake
business
Body mass index
Food Science
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726643
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nutrients; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 189
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b5cee9508c01ea96d61d8df7f5c4a823
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020189