57 results on '"Eun-Hee Shin"'
Search Results
2. PTEN/AKT signaling pathway related to hTERT downregulation and telomere shortening induced in Toxoplasma GRA16-expressing colorectal cancer cells
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Seung-Hwan Seo, Ji-Hun Shin, Do-Won Ham, and Eun-Hee Shin
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Pharmacology ,PTEN Phosphohydrolase ,Down-Regulation ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Protein Phosphatase 2 ,Telomere ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Telomerase ,Toxoplasma ,Telomere Shortening ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
This study investigated whether the molecular mechanism of granule protein 16 (GRA16), a dense granule protein of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) that induces cancer cell apoptosis, results in telomere shortening in cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of GRA16 responsible for regulating telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) activity and telomere shortening was investigated using GRA16-transferred HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells (GRA16-stable cells). GRA16 directly decreased hTERT expression by downregulating the expression and phosphorylation of hTERT transcriptional factors accompanied by decreased expression of shelterin complex molecules. Moreover, GRA16 resulted in cancer cell death through reduction of telomerase activity which leads to telomere shortening (decreased relative ratio of telomeric repeat-amplified sequence to that of a single-copy gene) (T/S ratio)), and at the same time gamma-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2A.X) stained nucleus was increased in the cells. The molecular mechanism between GRA16 and hTERT inactivation was revealed using inhibitors for phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as well as siRNAs against PTEN and PP2A. hTERT dephosphorylation was induced effectively by the signaling pathway of HAUSP/PTEN/p-AKT(S473) but not by PP2A-B55/p-AKT(T308). Inhibition of the PTEN signaling pathway increased mRNA expressions in hTERT transcriptional factors, cell cycle activating factors, and apoptosis-inhibiting factors. When HCT116 cells were infected with T. gondii, the number of γ-H2A.X-stained nuclei also increased and p-hTERT/hTERT decreased as in GRA16-stable cells. Altogether, our results emphasize that GRA16 is a novel promising telomerase inhibitor that causes telomere shortening through telomerase inactivation by inducing the activation of the tumor suppressor PTEN.
- Published
- 2022
3. Immune-triggering effect of the foodborne parasite Kudoa septempunctata through the C-type lectin Mincle in HT29 cells
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Eun Hee Shin, Do-Won Ham, Jung-Pyo Yang, Sang Gyun Kim, Ji Hun Shin, Seung Hwan Seo, and Eunmin Kim
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Spores ,Chemokine ,Flounder ,Signal transduction ,Immunofluorescence ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Antigen ,C-type lectin ,medicine ,Myxozoan parasite ,Parasitic Diseases ,Animals ,Humans ,Lectins, C-Type ,Myxozoa ,Molecular Biology ,Innate immunity ,0303 health sciences ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Cell adhesion ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Olive flounder ,C-type lectin Mincle ,Concanavalin A ,Kudoa ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,HT29 Cells - Abstract
Kudoa septempunctata is a myxozoan parasite that causes food poisoning in individuals consuming olive flounder. The present study aimed to investigate the currently insufficiently elucidated early molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses in the intestine owing to parasite ingestion. After Kudoa spores were isolated from olive flounder, HT29 cells were exposed to spores identified to be alive using SYTO-9 and propidium iodide staining or to antigens of Kudoa spores (KsAg). IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NFKB1 expression and NF-κB activation were assessed using real-time PCR, cytokine array and western blotting. The immunofluorescence of FITC-conjugated lectins, results of ligand binding assays using Mincle-Fc and IgG-Fc, CLEC4E expressions in response to KsAg stimulation, and Mincle-dependent NF-κB activation were assessed to clarify the early immunetriggering mechanism. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, GM-CSF and TNF-α), chemokines (IL-8, CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL1) and NF-κB activation (pNF-κB/NF-κB) in HT29 cells increased following stimulation by KsAg. The immunofluorescence results of spores and lectins (concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin) suggested the importance of Mincle in molecular recognition between Kudoa spores and intestinal cells. Practically, data for Mincle-Fc and KsAg binding affinity, CLEC4E mRNA expression, Mincle immunofluorescence staining and hMincledependent NF-κB activation demonstrated the involvement of Mincle in the early immune-triggering mechanism. The present study newly elucidated that the molecular recognition and immune-triggering mechanism of K. septempunctata are associated with Mincle on human intestinal epithelial cells. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(9): 478-483].
- Published
- 2020
4. An Epidemiological Analysis of 28 Vivax Malaria Cases in Gimpo-si, Korea, 2020
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Hyesu Kan, Byoung-Hak Jeon, Jeong-Hyun Kim, Kyoung Nam Kim, Miyoung Kim, Eun Hee Shin, Jeongran Kwon, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Young Yil Bahk, S. W. Park, and Tong-Soo Kim
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Disease ,Parasitemia ,Brief Communication ,Incubation period ,Gimpo-si ,Epidemiology ,parasitic diseases ,Republic of Korea ,medicine ,Malaria, Vivax ,vivax malaria ,Humans ,business.industry ,Public health ,focused interview ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Vivax malaria ,Parasitology ,Chills ,Epidemiologic analysis ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Plasmodium vivax ,Malaria - Abstract
Since 1993, vivax malaria has been recognized as a public health burden in Korea. Despite of pan-governmental malaria-control efforts and the dramatic reduction in the burden of this disease over the last 10 years, vivax malaria has not been well controlled and has remained continuously endemic. We focused interviewed and examined the charts of 28 confirmed vivax malaria patients given malarial therapy for whom daily records were kept from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggido of Korea. Various epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, including the incubation period, medication used, and recurrence, and an evaluation of the parasitic characteristics from the focused interviews of patients from this region are described here. Most of the participants indicated the 3 most common symptoms of malaria (headache, chills and fever). Of the 28 cases, 2 experienced a second attack and there were 17 and 11 cases with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively, yielding a short-term to long-term ratio of 1.5. Based on the parasitemia stages, most of the participants were tested at 5 to 7 days (11 cases) and 7 to 15 days (11 cases) after initial wave of asexual parasites. In conclusion, public health authorities should consider developing management measures to decrease the time lag for diagnosis and drafting unified and robust guidelines for drug use for malaria and drawing up unified and robust guidelines on the use of medication for malaria. It also suggests that routine monitoring, surveillance, and precise medical surveys in high-risk vivax malaria endemic areas are pivotal to controlling this persistent public disease and finally eliminating it from Korea.
- Published
- 2021
5. Machine learning model for predicting malaria using clinical information
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Jae Woo Choi, You Won Lee, and Eun Hee Shin
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0301 basic medicine ,Support Vector Machine ,Computer science ,Health Informatics ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Machine Learning ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Feature (machine learning) ,medicine ,Oversampling ,Humans ,AdaBoost ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Perceptron ,Computer Science Applications ,Random forest ,Malaria ,Support vector machine ,030104 developmental biology ,Artificial intelligence ,Gradient boosting ,Neural Networks, Computer ,business ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Rapid diagnosing is crucial for controlling malaria. Various studies have aimed at developing machine learning models to diagnose malaria using blood smear images; however, this approach has many limitations. This study developed a machine learning model for malaria diagnosis using patient information. Methods To construct datasets, we extracted patient information from the PubMed abstracts from 1956 to 2019. We used two datasets: a solely parasitic disease dataset and total dataset by adding information about other diseases. We compared six machine learning models: support vector machine, random forest (RF), multilayered perceptron, AdaBoost, gradient boosting (GB), and CatBoost. In addition, a synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) was employed to address the data imbalance problem. Results Concerning the solely parasitic disease dataset, RF was found to be the best model regardless of using SMOTE. Concerning the total dataset, GB was found to be the best. However, after applying SMOTE, RF performed the best. Considering the imbalanced data, nationality was found to be the most important feature in malaria prediction. In case of the balanced data with SMOTE, the most important feature was symptom. Conclusions The results demonstrated that machine learning techniques can be successfully applied to predict malaria using patient information.
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- 2020
6. Development of Molecular Diagnosis Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR and T4 Phage Internal Control to Simultaneously Detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis from Human Stool Samples
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Da Won Ma, Sang-Eun Lee, Ji Hun Shin, Shin Hyeong Cho, Eun Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, and Tong-Soo Kim
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Diarrhea ,Giardiasis ,0301 basic medicine ,Taq-Man assay ,030231 tropical medicine ,Cryptosporidiosis ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cyclospora cayetanensis ,law.invention ,internal control ,Feces ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,parasitic diseases ,Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ,medicine ,TaqMan ,Bacteriophage T4 ,Humans ,Giardia lamblia ,Multiplex ,Cyclosporiasis ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Cryptosporidium parvum ,Travel ,biology ,multiplex PCR ,DNA, Protozoan ,traveler’s diarrhea ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Cyclospora ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Original Article ,Parasitology ,real-time PCR - Abstract
This study aimed to develop a new multiplex real-time PCR detection method for 3 species of waterborne protozoan parasites (Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis) identified as major causes of traveler's diarrhea. Three target genes were specifically and simultaneously detected by the TaqMan probe method for multiple parasitic infection cases, including Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, glutamate dehydrogenase for G. lamblia, and internal transcribed spacer 1 for C. cayetanensis. Gene product 21 for bacteriophage T4 was used as an internal control DNA target for monitoring human stool DNA amplification. TaqMan probes were prepared using 4 fluorescent dyes, FAMTM, HEXTM, Cy5TM, and CAL Fluor Red® 610 on C. parvum, G. lamblia, C. cayetanensis, and bacteriophage T4, respectively. We developed a novel primer-probe set for each parasite, a primer-probe cocktail (a mixture of primers and probes for the parasites and the internal control) for multiplex real-time PCR analysis, and a protocol for this detection method. Multiplex real-time PCR with the primer-probe cocktail successfully and specifically detected the target genes of C. parvum, G. lamblia, and C. cayetanensis in the mixed spiked human stool sample. The limit of detection for our assay was 2×10 copies for C. parvum and for C. cayetanensis, while it was 2×103 copies for G. lamblia. We propose that the multiplex real-time PCR detection method developed here is a useful method for simultaneously diagnosing the most common causative protozoa in traveler's diarrhea.
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- 2018
7. Prevention and Control Strategies for Parasitic Infections in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Jong-Yil Chai, Shin Hyeong Cho, Tong-Soo Kim, Young Yil Bahk, Eun Hee Shin, and Jung-Won Ju
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Surveillance of parasite ,030231 tropical medicine ,Governmental agency ,Health consciousness ,Disease Outbreaks ,03 medical and health sciences ,Elephantiasis, Filarial ,Government Agencies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Basic research ,KCDC ,Environmental health ,Republic of Korea ,Parasitic Diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ,Lymphatic filariasis ,parasite control ,Travel ,business.industry ,Research ,Public health ,Parasite Control ,Mini-Review ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,medicine.disease ,Disease control ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,business ,Malaria - Abstract
Korea is successfully controlled intestinal parasitic infections owing to economic development and high health consciousness. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases (formerly the Division of Malaria and Parasitology) is in the Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It has been the governmental agency responsible for controlling and leading scientific research on parasitic diseases. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases has conducted and funded basic research and disseminated the research results to various medical fields, ultimately promoting public health in Korea. Among the noteworthy achievements of this division are the national surveillance of healthcare-associated parasitic infections, prevention and control for parasitic infections, and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis from Korea. On a broader scale, the division's research programs and academic supports were influential in preventing and treating infectious parasitic diseases through public policies and laws. In this review, we summarize the past and present role of the Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases in preventing and treating infectious parasitic diseases in Korea.
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- 2018
8. A qualitative study of new graduates’ readiness to use nursing informatics in acute care settings: clinical nurse educators’ perspectives
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Karen Ford, Eun Hee Shin, and Elizabeth Cummings
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,020205 medical informatics ,02 engineering and technology ,Critical Care Nursing ,Graduate nurses ,Health informatics ,InformationSystems_GENERAL ,03 medical and health sciences ,Professional Competence ,Nursing ,Acute care ,Health care ,Nursing Informatics ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Humans ,Qualitative Research ,General Nursing ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,Australia ,Nurse educator ,Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ,Faculty, Nursing ,Ready to use ,Female ,Nursing Staff ,Curriculum ,Computer Literacy ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Qualitative research - Abstract
There is an increase in demand for newly graduated nurses who are ready to use nursing informatics (NI) efficiently in technology-rich healthcare environments. However, the progress of embedding NI into curricula has been slow worldwide, and literature reports graduates are not ready to use NI tools effectively in the workplace, posing potential threats to patient safety. In the absence of National Standards for NI competencies, graduates' NI needs on entering the workplace need to be explored.To identify graduates' NI needs on entering the workplace in acute care settings from the perspectives of clinical nurse educators.A qualitative study using interpretive description with one focus group of six clinical nurse educators was conducted. Clinical nurse educators who are significantly involved in supporting graduates from their first day in the workplace were purposively recruited. The focus group was audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.Graduates were found to be inadequately prepared to use NI tools on entering the workplace. Inefficient hospital systems and a ward culture that was discouraging graduates' NI practice were identified as major barriers to the implementation of NI practice. Lack of exposure to specific hospital systems as undergraduates was also identified as a significant barrier to NI practice among graduates.As well as supporting the pre-existing studies on NI skills in graduates and barriers to graduates' NI practice, this current study identified the need for nursing schools to further integrate NI into formal curricula and increased opportunity for exposure to hospital systems as undergraduates. Further studies in multiple settings across Australia are recommended to ensure the transferability of the findings of this study.
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- 2017
9. Increase in the nuclear localization of PTEN by the Toxoplasma GRA16 protein and subsequent induction of p53-dependent apoptosis and anticancer effect
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Eun Hee Shin, Sang Gyun Kim, Sang Hyung Lee, Jung-Pyo Yang, Ji Hun Shin, and Seung Hwan Seo
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0301 basic medicine ,p53 ,PTEN ,Carcinogenesis ,Protozoan Proteins ,Apoptosis ,Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7 ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,Tensin ,biology ,Chemistry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Cell migration ,Hep G2 Cells ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,Hep3B ,Toxoplasma GRA16 ,Liver ,cell cycle arrest ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Molecular Medicine ,Mdm2 ,Heterografts ,Original Article ,Toxoplasma ,Protein Binding ,HepG2 ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Humans ,GRA16‐stable cell line ,Protein kinase B ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell growth ,PTEN Phosphohydrolase ,Cell Biology ,Original Articles ,digestive system diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,HAUSP ,Cell culture ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,USP7 ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of Toxoplasma GRA16, which binds to herpes virus‐associated ubiquitin‐specific protease (HAUSP), in anticancer treatment, and whether the expression of GRA16 in genetically modified hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (GRA16‐p53‐wild HepG2 and GRA16‐p53‐null Hep3B) regulates PTEN because alterations in phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and p53 are vital in liver carcinogenesis and the abnormal p53 gene appears in HCC. For this purpose, we established the GRA16 cell lines using the pBABE retrovirus system, assessed the detailed mechanism of PTEN regulation in vitro and established the anticancer effect in xenograft mice. Our study showed that cell proliferation, antiapoptotic factors, p‐AKT/AKT ratio, cell migration and invasive activity were decreased in GRA16‐stable HepG2 cells. Conversely, the apoptotic factors PTEN and p53 and apoptotic cells were elevated in GRA16‐stable HepG2 cells but not in Hep3B cells. The change in MDM2 was inconspicuous in both HepG2 and Hep3B; however, the PTEN level was remarkably elevated in HepG2 but not in Hep3B. HAUSP‐bound GRA16 preferentially increased p53 stabilization by the nuclear localization of PTEN rather than MDM2‐dependent mechanisms. These molecular changes appeared to correlate with the decreased tumour mass in GRA16‐stable‐HepG2 cell‐xenograft nude mice. This study establishes that GRA16 is a HAUSP inhibitor that targets the nuclear localization of PTEN and induces the anticancer effect in a p53‐dependent manner. The efficacy of GRA16 could be newly highlighted in HCC treatment in a p53‐dependent manner.
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- 2018
10. Multiplex-Touchdown PCR to Simultaneously Detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, the Major Causes of Traveler’s Diarrhea
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Tong-Soo Kim, Sang-Eun Lee, Eun Hee Shin, Ji Hun Shin, Da Won Ma, and Jong-Yil Chai
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0301 basic medicine ,Diarrhea ,touchdown PCR ,Touchdown polymerase chain reaction ,animal diseases ,030231 tropical medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Protozoan Proteins ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cyclospora cayetanensis ,18S ribosomal RNA ,law.invention ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,fluids and secretions ,law ,Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ,Giardia lamblia ,Humans ,Polymerase chain reaction ,DNA Primers ,Cryptosporidium parvum ,Travel ,biology ,multiplex PCR ,biology.organism_classification ,digestive system diseases ,Cyclospora ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Protozoa ,Parasitology ,Original Article ,stool sample ,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction - Abstract
This study aimed to develop a multiplex-touchdown PCR method to simultaneously detect 3 species of protozoan parasites, i.e., Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, the major causes of traveler’s diarrhea and are resistant to standard antimicrobial treatments. The target genes included the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, Glutamate dehydrogenase for G. lamblia, and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) for C. cayetanensis. The sizes of the amplified fragments were 555, 188, and 400 bps, respectively. The multiplex-touchdown PCR protocol using a primer mixture simultaneously detected protozoa in human stools, and the amplified gene was detected in >1×103 oocysts for C. parvum, >1×104 cysts for G. lamblia, and >1 copy of the 18S rRNA gene for C. cayetanensis. Taken together, our protocol convincingly demonstrated the ability to simultaneously detect C. parvum, G. lamblia, and C. cayetanenesis in stool samples.
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- 2016
11. In vitro inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii by the anti-malarial candidate, 6-(1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadec-4-yl)hexan-1-ol
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Akira Sato, Hye Sook Kim, Chun Feng Xin, You Won Lee, Kyoung Ho Pyo, Eun Hee Shin, and Hak Jae Lee
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0301 basic medicine ,Drug ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030106 microbiology ,Sulfadiazine ,Cell Line ,Microbiology ,Antimalarials ,03 medical and health sciences ,Parasitic Sensitivity Tests ,parasitic diseases ,Organelle ,medicine ,Humans ,Spiro Compounds ,Artemisinin ,Cytotoxicity ,IC50 ,media_common ,biology ,Toxoplasma gondii ,biology.organism_classification ,Artemisinins ,In vitro ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Tetraoxanes ,Toxoplasma ,medicine.drug - Abstract
An anti-malarial candidate, 6-(1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadec-4-yl)hexan-1-ol (N-251), was studied to characterize its potential as a novel anti-Toxoplasma gondii drug. In the present study, IC50 and LC50 of N-251 on host cells and T. gondii were compared to those of artemisinin and sulfadiazine. The IC50 on Huh-7 cells was 10.19μg/ml, 67.69μg/ml and 310.17μg/ml for N-251, artemisinin, and sulfadiazine, respectively. The LC50 for anti-T. gondii effect was shown to be 1.11μg/ml, 5.79μg/ml, and 5.45μg/ml for N-251, artemisinin and sulfadiazine, respectively. N-251 concentration causing complete parasiticidal effect with minimal cytotoxicity on host cells was determined to be 5μg/ml. Additionally, the anti-T. gondii effect of N-251 was confirmed by ultrastructural changes, loss of organelles, degenerated morphology and the increase of amylopectin as detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Accordingly, the present study suggests that the anti-malarial synthetic endoperoxide, N-251, is an emerging drug candidate more effective than artemisinin and sulfadiazine.
- Published
- 2016
12. Immune adjuvant effect of a Toxoplasma gondii profilin-like protein in autologous whole-tumor-cell vaccination in mice
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Kyoung Ho Pyo, Eun Hee Shin, Sun Min Lim, and You Won Lee
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Immunopotentiator ,Cancer Vaccines ,Mice ,Profilins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Toll-like receptor ,vaccine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,profilin ,Antigen-presenting cell ,antitumor ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,business.industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Immunology ,Female ,business ,Toxoplasma ,Adjuvant ,CD8 ,Research Paper ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
// Kyoung-Ho Pyo 1, 4 , You-Won Lee 1 , Sun Min Lim 2 , Eun-Hee Shin 1, 3 1 Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Republic of Korea 3 Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea 4 Current address: JE-UK Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Yonsei Cancer Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Correspondence to: Eun-Hee Shin, email: ehshin@snu.ac.kr Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Toll-like receptor, profilin, antitumor, vaccine Received: July 15, 2016 Accepted: September 21, 2016 Published: September 28, 2016 ABSTRACT Profilin-like protein in Toxoplasma gondii (TgPLP) is a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist. In this study, we investigated whether TgPLP has an adjuvant effect on immune function in autologous whole-tumor-cell vaccine (AWV) treatment. Mice vaccinated with AWV together with recombinant TgPLP protein had smaller CT26 tumors and increased survival. TgPLP treatment strongly increased the production of IL-12 through MyD88 signaling and several chemokines, including CCL5, CCL12, and XCL1, in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). In addition, TgPLP increased the phagocytosis of tumor cells by BMMs and promoted immune cell mobility on a tumor-matrigel scaffold. TgPLP triggered immune responses as demonstrated by increased expression of antigen presenting cell markers (MHC class I and II, B7.1, and B7.2) in BMMs and increased IL-12 and IFN-γ expression in mice. Mice vaccinated with AWV and TgPLP had more immune cells (CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages) in the spleen and higher total IgG and IgG2a concentrations in the blood than mice vaccinated with AWV alone. These findings suggest that TgPLP is a TLR-based vaccine adjuvant that enhances antitumor immune responses during vaccination with AWV.
- Published
- 2016
13. Effects of Antioxidants in Reducing Accumulation of Fat in Hepatocyte
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Jung Pyo Yang, Sang Gyun Kim, Ji Hun Shin, Sang Hyung Lee, Seung Hwan Seo, and Eun Hee Shin
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0301 basic medicine ,vitamin C ,Apoptosis ,Ascorbic Acid ,Xanthophylls ,Pharmacology ,Endoplasmic Reticulum ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antioxidants ,lcsh:Chemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,l<%2Fspan>-cysteine%22">N-acetyl-l-cysteine ,Lipid droplet ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Hep G2 Cells ,General Medicine ,free radical scavenging ,Computer Science Applications ,astaxanthin ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lipotoxicity ,Hepatocyte ,Lipogenesis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Cell Survival ,N-acetyl-l-cysteine ,Article ,Catalysis ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Triglycerides ,lipogenesis ,Reactive oxygen species ,Organic Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Acetylcysteine ,030104 developmental biology ,oleic acid ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Hepatocytes ,Steatosis ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The progress of the hepatic steatosis (HS), a clinicopathological status, is influenced by cellular oxidative stress, lipogenesis, fatty acid (FA) oxidation, and inflammatory responses. Because antioxidants are gaining attention as potent preventive agents for HS, we aimed to investigate anti-lipogenic effects of the antioxidants vitamin C (VC), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and astaxanthin (ATX) using hepatocytes. For this, we established an in vitro model using 1 mM oleic acid (OA) and human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, 10 &mu, M antioxidants were evaluated for their ability to reduce fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Our results showed that all three antioxidants were effective to reduce fat accumulation for the molecular targets such as reduction in lipid droplets, triglyceride (TG) concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell apoptosis, as well as in gene expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related effectors, lipogenesis, and inflammatory cytokines. There were simultaneous increases in diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, cell survival, AMPK phosphorylation, NRF2-related gene expression for cellular defense, and FA &beta, oxidation. However, among these, ATX more effectively inhibited ER stress and lipogenesis at the intracellular level than VC or NAC. Consequently, ATX was also more effective in inhibiting cell death, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Our result emphasizes that ATX achieved greater lipotoxicity reduction than VC and NAC.
- Published
- 2018
14. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of
- Author
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Bong-Kwang, Jung, Hyemi, Song, Sang-Eun, Lee, Min-Jae, Kim, Jaeeun, Cho, Eun-Hee, Shin, and Jong-Yil, Chai
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Antibodies, Protozoan ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Brief Communication ,cat sitter ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Risk Factors ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Republic of Korea ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,seroprevalence ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Diet ,risk factor ,Immunoglobulin G ,Cats ,Female ,ELISA ,Toxoplasma ,Biomarkers ,Toxoplasmosis - Abstract
The seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis has been increasing in Korea, and it is controversial whether cats are an important infection source or not. This study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a high risk group (cat sitters) and to determine the possible importance of cats as an infection source in Korea. Risk factors, including the age, sex, and diet of cat sitters, their contact experience and contact frequency with stray cats, and origin, number, and outdoor activity of their pet cats, were analyzed using structured questionnaires. A total of 673 serum samples from people who have frequent contact with cats (high risk group) and 1,114 samples from general people (low risk group) were examined for specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. The results revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 7.4% (n=1,787). The seroprevalence among low risk group was 8.0% (89/1,114), whereas that among high risk group was rather lower 6.4% (43/673), though this difference was statistically not significant (P=0.211). Among the risk factors, only the outdoor activity of pet cats was important; people having cats with outdoor activities revealed 2 times higher seroprevalence than people having cats with only indoor activities (P=0.027). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was not significantly different between the high risk group and low risk group, and the importance of cats as a source of infection in Korea is questionable.
- Published
- 2017
15. Binge eating is associated with trait anxiety in Korean adolescent girls: a cross sectional study
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Kye Hyun Kim, Kang-Seob Oh, Young-Chul Shin, Se-Won Lim, Dong-Won Shin, Hee-Yeon Woo, Eun-Hee Shin, and Jin-Yi Jung
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050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Seoul ,Cross-sectional study ,Binge eating ,Perceived Stress Scale ,Anxiety ,Stress ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Statistical significance ,Obstetrics and Gynaecology ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Bulimia ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Medicine(all) ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,Beck Depression Inventory ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,030227 psychiatry ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Reproductive Medicine ,Anxiety sensitivity ,Female ,Self Report ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Research Article ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Binge eating occurs more frequently in women than in men, and is known to be related to psychological factors such as stress, depression, and anxiety. This study examined the relationship between binge eating and depression, trait anxiety, and perceived stress in Korean adolescents. Methods Four hundred girls (aged 17–18 years) from two high schools located in Seoul completed self-report questionnaires. In total, 327 participants returned reliable responses, and were included in the final study. Binge eating was measured using the Bulimic Inventory Test Edinburgh. The questionnaire also included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Trait Anxiety (TA) of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory (ASI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results The binge-eating group had higher BMI than the control group. The binge-eating group showed higher scores than control on the PSS, BDI, ASI, and TA. The TA was most highly correlated with binge eating. From logistic regression analysis, TA was revealed to be the only factor that raised the risk of binge eating, whereas PSS, BDI, and ASI showed no statistical significance. Conclusion Although binge eating was correlated with perceived stress, depression, and trait anxiety, when their influences were controlled, only binge eating appeared to be associated with trait anxiety.
- Published
- 2017
16. Molecular Diagnosis of Cause of Anisakiasis in Humans, South Korea
- Author
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Bong Kwang Jung, Jong-Yil Chai, Jaeeun Cho, Eun Hee Shin, Thanapon Yooyen, and Hyemi Lim
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,genetic structures ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Zoology ,Anisakiasis ,Anisakis ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,DNA sequencing ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,law.invention ,Anisakis pegreffii ,law ,parasitic diseases ,Republic of Korea ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,human ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Sensu stricto ,fish ,Korea ,biology ,lcsh:R ,Anisakis simplex ,fungi ,Dispatch ,Anisakis simplex sensu stricto ,biology.organism_classification ,Pseudoterranova decipiens ,Molecular Diagnosis of Cause of Anisakiasis in Humans, South Korea ,Molecular analysis ,Infectious Diseases ,DNA, Intergenic ,Female ,human activities ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
Anisakiasis in humans in South Korea has been considered to be caused exclusively by the larvae of Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Pseudoterranova decipiens. Recently, however, DNA sequencing of larvae from 15 of 16 anisakiasis patients confirmed the cause to be Anisakis pegreffii infection. Molecular analysis should be performed for all extracted larvae.
- Published
- 2015
17. Gnathostoma spinigerum Infection in the Upper Lip of a Korean Woman: An Autochthonous Case in Korea
- Author
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Jae Hee Kim, Eun Mee Han, Jong-Yil Chai, Hyemi Lim, Tae Yeon Kim, Eun Hee Shin, and Young Sang Hwang
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,gnathostomiasis ,Case Report ,Gnathostoma spinigerum ,lip ,Lesion ,Eosinophilic ,Republic of Korea ,medicine ,Helminths ,Animals ,Humans ,Gnathostoma ,Gnathostomiasis ,Larva ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Histopathology ,Female ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Autochthonous human gnathostomiasis had never been reported in the Republic of Korea. We report here a case of Gnathostoma spinigerum infection in a 32-year-old Korean woman, presumed to have been infected via an indigenous route. The patient had experienced a painful migratory swelling near the left nasolabial fold area of the face for a year, with movement of the swelling to the mucosal area of the upper lip 2 weeks before surgical removal of the lesion. Histopathological examinations of the extracted tissue revealed inflammation with heavy eosinophilic infiltrations and sections of a nematode suggestive of a Gnathostoma sp. larva. The larva characteristically revealed about 25 intestinal cells with multiple (3-6) nuclei in each intestinal cell consistent with the 3rd-stage larva of G. spinigerum. The patient did not have any special history of travel abroad except a recent trip, 4 months before surgery, to China where she ate only cooked food. The patient is the first recorded autochthonous case of G. spinigerum infection in Korea.
- Published
- 2013
18. Serologic Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Seoul and Jeju-do, and a Brief Review of Its Seroprevalence in Korea
- Author
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Jong-Yil Chai, Han Ik Cho, Mi Youn Lee, Hyemi Lim, Cheong Ha Yun, Sang-Eun Lee, Eun Hee Shin, Ho Woo Nam, Jong Gyun Shin, Min Ki Kim, and Bong Kwang Jung
- Subjects
Male ,B1 gene ,Prevalence ,Antibodies, Protozoan ,Serology ,Mice ,Blood serum ,Risk Factors ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Epidemiology ,resident ,Child ,Aged, 80 and over ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,seroprevalence ,biology ,Age Factors ,Antibody titer ,Middle Aged ,Jeju-do ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Original Article ,ELISA ,Toxoplasma ,Toxoplasmosis ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Seoul ,IgG ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Republic of Korea ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Seroprevalence ,Aged ,business.industry ,DNA, Protozoan ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Parasitology ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Knowledge of the prevalence of human Toxoplasma gondii infection is required in the Republic of Korea. In this study, we surveyed the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and analyzed the risk factors associated with seropositivity among residents in 2 administrative districts; Seoul and the island of Jeju-do, which have contrasting epidemiologic characteristics. Sera and blood collected from 2,150 residents (1,114 in Seoul and 1,036 in Jeju-do) were checked for IgG antibody titers using ELISA and for the T. gondii B1 gene using PCR. In addition, participants completed a questionnaire that solicited information on gender, age, occupation, eating habits, history of contact with animals, and travel abroad. The T. gondii B1 gene was not detected in all residents examined. However, ELISA showed 8.0% (89 of 1,114 sera) positive for IgG antibodies against T. gondii in Seoul and 11.3% (117 of 1,036 sera) in Jeju-do. In both districts, the positive rates were higher in males than in females, and those 40-79 years of age showed higher rates than other ages. In Seoul, residents older than 70 years of age showed the highest positive rate, 14.9%, whereas in Jeju-do the highest prevalence, 15.6%, was in those in their sixties. The higher seropositive rate in Jeju-do than in Seoul may be related to eating habits and occupations. The present results and a review of related literature are indicative of an increased seroprevalence of T. gondii in Korea in recent years.
- Published
- 2012
19. Embedding Nursing Informatics Education into an Australian Undergraduate Nursing Degree
- Author
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Elizabeth, Cummings, Eun Hee, Shin, Carey, Mather, and Evelyn, Hovenga
- Subjects
Schools, Nursing ,Australia ,Nursing Informatics ,Humans ,Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ,Clinical Competence ,Curriculum - Abstract
Alongside the rapid rise in the adoption of electronic health records and the use of technology to support nursing processes, there is a requirement for nursing students, new graduate nurses, and nursing educators to embrace nursing informatics. Whilst nursing informatics has been taught at post graduate levels for many years, the integration of it into undergraduate studies for entry level nurses has been slow. This is made more complex by the lack of explicit nursing informatics competencies in many countries. Australia has now mandated the inclusion of nursing informatics into all undergraduate nursing curricula but there continues to be an absence of a relevant set of agreed nursing competencies. There is a resulting lack of consistency in nursing curricula content nationally. This paper describes the process used by one Australian university to integrate nursing informatics throughout the undergraduate nursing degree curriculum to ensure entry level nurses have a basic level of skills in the use of informatics.
- Published
- 2016
20. High Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity among Brain Tumor Patients in Korea
- Author
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Bong-Kwang, Jung, Hyemi, Song, Min-Jae, Kim, Jaeeun, Cho, Eun-Hee, Shin, and Jong-Yil, Chai
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Adolescent ,seroprevalence ,Brain Neoplasms ,Antibodies, Protozoan ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Middle Aged ,Brief Communication ,Young Adult ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Immunoglobulin G ,parasitic diseases ,Republic of Korea ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Humans ,Female ,ELISA ,Child ,Toxoplasma ,Toxoplasmosis ,brain tumor ,Aged - Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can modulate the environment of the infected host. An unfavorable environment modulated by T. gondii in the brain includes tumor microenvironment. Literature has suggested that T. gondii infection is associated with development of brain tumors. However, in Korea, epidemiological data regarding this correlation have been scarce. In this study, in order to investigate the relationship between T. gondii infection and brain tumor development, we investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii among 93 confirmed brain tumor patients (various histological types, including meningioma and astrocytoma) in Korea using ELISA. The results revealed that T. gondii seropositivity among brain tumor patients (18.3%) was significantly (P
- Published
- 2016
21. High Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini Infection in a Riparian Population in Takeo Province, Cambodia
- Author
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Hoo Gn Jeoung, Sin Il Kang, Duong Socheat, Eun Hee Shin, Woon Mok Sohn, Eui Hyug Hoang, Jong-Yil Chai, Tai Soon Yong, Muth Sinuon, Dongmin Lee, Keeseon S. Eom, Keon Hoon Lee, Ji Hwa Lee, Jae Ku Cha, Yoon Hee Lee, Hyun Ju Woo, Keunhee Park, and Cheong Ha Yoon
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,Veterinary medicine ,Adolescent ,prevalence ,Population ,Prevalence ,Biology ,Brief Communication ,Opisthorchiasis ,trematode ,Feces ,Young Adult ,Ascariasis ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Helminths ,Opisthorchis viverrini ,Child ,education ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Coinfection ,Opisthorchis ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Cambodia (Takeo) ,Opisthorchis Viverrini Infection ,Child, Preschool ,Trichuris trichiura ,Female ,Parasitology ,Ascaris lumbricoides ,Cambodia - Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection was found to be highly prevalent in 3 riverside villages (Ang Svay Chek A, B, and C) of the Prey Kabas District, Takeo Province. This area is located in the southern part of Cambodia, where the recovery of adult O. viverrini worms was recently reported. From May 2006 until May 2010, fecal examinations were performed on a total of 1,799 villagers using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. In the 3 villages, the overall positive rate for helminth eggs ranged from 51.7 to 59.0% (av. 57.4%), and the percentage positive for O. viverrini was 46.4-50.6% (47.5%). Other helminths detected included hookworms (13.2%), echinostomes (2.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.6%), and Taenia spp. (0.06%). The prevalence of O. viverrini eggs appeared to reflect a lower infection in younger individuals (20 years). Men (50.4%) revealed a significantly higher (P=0.02) prevalence than women (44.3%). The Ang Svay Chek villages of the Prey Kabas District, Takeo Province, Cambodia have been confirmed to be a highly endemic area for human O. viverrini infection.
- Published
- 2012
22. Trends in parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea
- Author
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Eun Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Soon Hyung Lee, Hyojin Kim, and Sang Mee Guk
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Korea ,Traditional medicine ,Trichuriasis ,Public health ,medicine.disease ,Filariasis ,Echinostomiasis ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Food Parasitology ,Zoonoses ,Ascariasis ,Hookworm Infections ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,Vivax malaria ,Parasitic Diseases ,medicine ,Clonorchiasis ,Animals ,Humans ,Parasitology ,Public Health ,Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - Abstract
In the Republic of Korea, cases of zoonotic, opportunistic and imported parasitoses are being detected increasingly. Vivax malaria disappeared in the late 1970s but re-emerged in 1993 and, currently, 1000-2000 cases occur annually. Brugian filariasis was endemic on offshore islands until 1990 but has now been eradicated. Soil-transmitted helminthiases (ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections) were highly prevalent until the 1970s but are now well controlled. However, food-borne trematode infections, such as clonorchiasis and intestinal trematodiases (including heterophyidiasis, echinostomiasis and gymnophalloidiasis), each show steady prevalence. This review focuses on trends in parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea.
- Published
- 2008
23. Toxoplasma gondii B1 Gene Detection in Feces of Stray Cats around Seoul, Korea and Genotype Analysis of Two Laboratory-Passaged Isolates
- Author
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Bong-Kwang, Jung, Sang-Eun, Lee, Hyemi, Lim, Jaeeun, Cho, Deok-Gyu, Kim, Hyemi, Song, Min-Jae, Kim, Eun-Hee, Shin, and Jong-Yil, Chai
- Subjects
Male ,Genotype ,Seoul ,nested-PCR ,prevalence ,Protozoan Proteins ,Toxoplasma gondii ,stray cat ,Cat Diseases ,Feces ,Mice ,Toxoplasmosis, Animal ,parasitic diseases ,Cats ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Original Article ,Toxoplasma ,Toxoplasmosis - Abstract
The increasing prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the human population in the Republic of Korea (= Korea) is due to various reasons such as an increase in meat consumption. However, the importance of cats in transmitting T. gondii infection through oocysts to humans has seldom been assessed. A total of 300 fecal samples of stray cats captured around Seoul from June to August 2013 were examined for T. gondii B1 gene (indicating the presence of oocysts) using nested-PCR. Fourteen (4.7%) of 300 cats examined were positive for B1 gene. Female cats (7.5%) showed a higher prevalence than male cats (1.4%). Cats younger than 3 months (5.5%) showed a higher prevalence than cats (1.5%) older than 3 months. For laboratory passage of the positive samples, the fecal suspension (0.2 ml) of B1 gene positive cats was orally inoculated into experimental mice. Brain tissues of the mice were obtained after 40 days and examined for the presence of tissue cysts. Two isolates were successfully passaged (designated KNIH-1 and KNIH-2) and were molecularly analyzed using the SAG5D and SAG5E gene sequences. The SAG5D and SAG5E gene sequences showed high homologies with the ME49 strain (less virulent strain). The results indicated the importance of stray cats in transmitting T. gondii to humans in Korea, as revealed by detection of B1 gene in fecal samples. T. gondii isolates from cats were successfully passaged in the laboratory for the first time in Korea.
- Published
- 2015
24. Heterophyid trematodes recovered from people residing along the Boseong River, South Korea
- Author
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Eun Hee Shin, Deok Gyu Kim, Mok Ryeon Kim, Keon Hoon Lee, Bong Kwang Jung, Sun Mi Park, Hyemi Lim, Jae Sun Hwang, Jae Lip Kim, Sun Jin Han, Jae Hyun Yeom, and Jong-Yil Chai
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,food.ingredient ,Adolescent ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Eggs ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Trematode Infections ,Biology ,Praziquantel ,Metagonimus takahashii ,Feces ,Magnesium Sulfate ,Young Adult ,Metagonimus ,food ,Rivers ,Metagonimiasis ,Raw Foods ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,parasitic diseases ,Republic of Korea ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Helminths ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,Heterophyidae ,Saline Waters ,Heterophyes nocens ,Aged ,Anthelmintics ,ved/biology ,Fishes ,Metagonimus yokogawai ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Metagonimus miyatai ,Infectious Diseases ,Insect Science ,Parasitology ,Female ,Trematoda ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We conducted an epidemiological survey to determine the status of heterophyid fluke infections among people residing along the Boseong River, Gokseong-gun, South Korea (= Korea) from October 2011 to February 2012. Fecal specimens were collected from 115 (male 51, female 64) people and examined for intestinal helminth eggs using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The eggs of Metagonimus yokogawai together with other Metagonimus spp. were detected in 28 (24.3%) cases. Eleven egg positive people were treated with 10 mg/kg praziquantel followed by MgSO 4 purging in order to recover the adult flukes. Whole consecutive diarrheic stools were collected individually 4–5 times. Adult flukes recovered were 66,499 specimens (6045.4/positive case) of M. yokogawai , 343 (38.1) of Metagonimus miyatai , 3293 (299.4) of Metagonimus takahashii , 81 (20.3) of Heterophyes nocens , 6 (3.0) of Heterophyopsis continua , and 1 (1.0) of Stictodora fuscata . The results indicated that the surveyed area is a highly endemic area of metagonimiasis (three Metagonimus species) with low-grade mixed infections of 3 other heterophyid flukes. The infected people experienced variable degrees of gastrointestinal discomfort and indigestion. They consumed raw freshwater and brackish water fish, including sweetfish and mullets. It is strongly recommended that people residing in the survey area avoid eating raw fish to prevent M. yokogawai and other heterophyid infections.
- Published
- 2015
25. Coincidence between geographical distribution of Leptotrombidium scutellare and scrub typhus incidence in South Korea
- Author
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Eun Hee Shin, Hee Il Lee, Chan Park, Wook Gyo Lee, Jong Yul Roh, E-Hyun Shin, Kyu Sik Chang, Bong Gu Song, Won Il Park, and Mi-Yeoun Park
- Subjects
Bacterial Diseases ,Veterinary medicine ,Trombiculiasis ,Infectious Disease Control ,lcsh:Medicine ,Rodentia ,Scrub typhus ,Plant Science ,Trombiculidae ,Disease Surveillance ,Neotrombicula ,Typhus ,Republic of Korea ,parasitic diseases ,Mite ,medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Larva ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,integumentary system ,Ecology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Plant Pathology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Leptotrombidium ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Phylogeography ,Infectious Diseases ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Scrub Typhus ,Vector (epidemiology) ,Infectious Disease Surveillance ,lcsh:Q ,Seasons ,Research Article - Abstract
To clarify the geographical distribution of scrub typhus vectors in Korea, a survey of larval trombiculid mites was conducted from 2005 to 2007 by collecting wild small mammals twice a year (spring and autumn) at 24 sites nationwide. A total of 67,325 mites representing 4 genera and 14 species were collected from 783 trapped rodents, corresponding to a chigger index (number of chigger mites per rodent) of 86.0. The predominant mite species were Leptotrombidium pallidum (52.6%), Leptotrombiduim scutellare (27.1%), Leptotrombidium palpale (8.2%), Leptotrombidium orientale (5.6%), and Neotrombicula tamiyai (1.7%). However, the proportions of L. scutellare in southern areas, including endemic provinces such as Jeollabuk-Do (34.3%), Jeollanam-Do (49.0%), and Gyeongsangnam-Do (88%), were relatively higher than in central Korean regions where L. pallidum was predominant. In autumn, the ratio of L. scutellare increased to 42% while the ratio of L. pallidum decreased. The geographical distribution map of the L. scutellare chigger index was identical to the incidence pattern of scrub typhus, whereas those of overall mites and L. pallidum showed no relationship with case incidence patterns. Distribution mapping analysis shows an identical geographical distribution of L. scutellare and epidemic incidence of scrub typhus in South Korea. L. pallidum could be another vector at all other parts of the Korean peninsula, including the eastern and northern regions that have a low level of scrub typhus incidence.
- Published
- 2014
26. Four cases of Taenia saginata infection with an analysis of COX1 gene
- Author
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Min Jae Kim, Bong Kwang Jung, Keeseon S. Eom, Thanapon Yooyen, Hyemi Lim, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun Hee Shin, Dongmin Lee, and Jaeeun Cho
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,Sequence Homology ,Case Report ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,law.invention ,Electron Transport Complex IV ,PCR-RFLP ,sequence divergence ,law ,Molecular genetics ,parasitic diseases ,Republic of Korea ,molecular diagnosis ,medicine ,Taeniasis ,Helminths ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Cox1 gene ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Phylogeny ,Genetics ,Travel ,biology ,Taenia saginata ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,DNA Fingerprinting ,cox1 ,Taenia asiatica ,Infectious Diseases ,DNA profiling ,Taenia ,Parasitology ,Female ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
Human taeniases had been not uncommon in the Republic of Korea (=Korea) until the 1980s. The prevalence decreased and a national survey in 2004 revealed no Taenia egg positive cases. However, a subsequent national survey in 2012 showed 0.04% (10 cases) prevalence of Taenia spp. eggs suggesting its resurgence in Korea. We recently encountered 4 cases of Taenia saginata infection who had symptoms of taeniasis that included discharge of proglottids. We obtained several proglottids from each case. Because the morphological features of T. saginata are almost indistinguishable from those of Taenia asiatica, molecular analyses using the PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) were performed to identify the species. The PCR-RFLP patterns of all of the 4 specimens were consistent with T. saginata, and the cox1 gene sequence showed 99.8-100% identity with that of T. saginata reported previously from Korea, Japan, China, and Cambodia. All of the 4 patients had the history of travel abroad but its relation with contracting taeniasis was unclear. Our findings may suggest resurgence of T. saginata infection among people in Korea.
- Published
- 2013
27. Antigenicity studies in humans and immunogenicity studies in mice: an MSP1P subdomain as a candidate for malaria vaccine development
- Author
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Yang Cheng, Jongseon Choe, Eun Hee Shin, Feng Lu, Bo Wang, Eun-Taek Han, and Takafumi Tsuboi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Antigenicity ,Adolescent ,Immunology ,Plasmodium vivax ,Antibodies, Protozoan ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Microbiology ,Immune profiling ,Young Adult ,Antigen ,parasitic diseases ,Malaria Vaccines ,Malaria, Vivax ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Malaria vaccine ,Immunogenicity ,Igg subclasses ,Middle Aged ,Th1 Cells ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Plasmodium vivax merozoite ,Immunoglobulin G ,Cytokines ,Female - Abstract
The newly identified GPI-anchored Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 paralog (MSP1P) has a highly antigenic C-terminus that binds erythrocytes. To characterize the antigenicity and immunogenicity of two regions (PvMSP1P-19 and -33) of the highly conserved C-terminus of MSP1P relative to PvMSP1-19, 30 P. vivax malaria-infected patients and two groups of mice (immunized with PvMSP1P-19 or -33) were tested for IgG subclass antibodies against PvMSP1P-19 and -33 antigens. In the patients infected with P. vivax, IgG1 and IgG3 levels were significantly higher than those levels in healthy individuals, and were the predominant response to the two C-terminal fragments of PvMSP1P (p
- Published
- 2013
28. Attitudes of nurses toward supportive care for advanced cancer patients
- Author
-
Seung Hyun Chung, Eun Hee Shin, and Sun-A Park
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Palliative care ,Epidemiology ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,medicine.medical_treatment ,MEDLINE ,Nurses ,Young Adult ,Nursing ,Patient Education as Topic ,Neoplasms ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Republic of Korea ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Young adult ,Prospective cohort study ,Terminal Care ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,Oncology Nursing ,Palliative Care ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cancer ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Advanced cancer ,Focus group ,Oncology ,Family medicine ,Health Care Surveys ,Female ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine how nurses recognize the need for supportive care of advanced cancer patients and to provide preliminary data on how adequate circumstances are to be set up and maintained in Korea. For the purpose of this study, we developed a preliminary questionnaire based on a focus group of 8 nurses run by a clinical psychologist and administered it to 228 nurses in a cancer hospital, over a 3-month period. Participants of this study were nurses with more than 5 years' experience of treating advanced cancer patients. The result showed that 207 respondents (90.8%) agreed that a smooth communication system for treatment taking into account the symptoms experienced by patients and rehabilitation issues was needed. More than 80% agreed that the items needed for an integrated management service for advanced cancer patients should include psychological support, an integrated pain and symptom management, and education for the patient and his or her caregivers. These results strongly suggest that a new system distinct from palliative care or hospices is needed for patients with advanced cancer in Korea.
- Published
- 2012
29. Analysis of changes in gene expression and metabolic profiles induced by silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles
- Author
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Wooyoung Shim, Jeom Soon Shim, Jae Ho Kim, Sangdun Choi, Gwang Lee, Kang Jin Seok, Hak-Sung Jung, Jin-Kyu Lee, Man-Jeong Paik, Duc-Toan Nguyen, Eun Hee Shin, Yuwon Lee, and Sungsu Park
- Subjects
Proteome ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Mitochondrion ,Biology ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,Gene expression ,Materials Testing ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,Cytotoxicity ,Magnetite Nanoparticles ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,ATP synthase ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,General Engineering ,Glutamic acid ,Metabolism ,Silicon Dioxide ,Molecular biology ,Metabolic pathway ,HEK293 Cells ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,biology.protein ,Metabolome - Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have proven themselves to be useful in biomedical research; however, previous reports were insufficient to address the potential dangers of nanoparticles. Here, we investigated gene expression and metabolic changes based on the microarray and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with human embryo kidney 293 cells treated with MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC), a silica-coated MNP containing Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC). In addition, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC) on mitochondrial function. Compared to the nontreated control, glutamic acid was increased by more than 2.0-fold, and expression of genes related to the glutamic acid metabolic pathway was also disturbed in 1.0 μg/μL of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC)-treated cells. Furthermore, increases in ROS concentration and mitochondrial damage were observed in this MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC) concentration. The organic acids related to the Krebs cycle were also disturbed, and the capacity of ATP synthesis was decreased in cell treated with an overdose of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC). Collectively, these results suggest that overdose (1.0 μg/μL) of MNPs caused transcriptomic and metabolic disturbance. In addition, we suggest that a combination of gene expression and metabolic profiles will provide more detailed and sensitive toxicological evaluation for nanoparticles.
- Published
- 2012
30. CD8 T-cell activation in mice injected with a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean Plasmodium vivax
- Author
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Eun Hee Shin, Kunisuke Himeno, Hyojin Kim, Hajime Hisaeda, Jong-Yil Chai, Kyoung Ho Pyo, Tae Woo Kim, Tae Yun Kim, Jin Joo Lee, Byung Il Choi, and Bong Kwang Jung
- Subjects
Protozoan Vaccines ,DNA vaccine ,Plasmodium vivax ,Protozoan Proteins ,Spleen ,Antigens, Protozoan ,gene gun ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Brief Communication ,DNA vaccination ,Gene gun ,Mice ,parasitic diseases ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,medicine ,Malaria, Vivax ,Vaccines, DNA ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Animals ,Humans ,apical membrane antigen (AMA) ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Immunogenicity ,Membrane Proteins ,Transfection ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Molecular biology ,Vaccination ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,COS Cells ,Parasitology ,CD8+ T-cell - Abstract
Relatively little has been studied on the AMA-1 vaccine against Plasmodium vivax and on the plasmid DNA vaccine encoding P. vivax AMA-1 (PvAMA-1). In the present study, a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean P. vivax has been constructed and a preliminary study was done on its cellular immunogenicity to recipient BALB/c mice. The PvAMA-1 gene was cloned and expressed in the plasmid vector UBpcAMA-1, and a protein band of approximately 56.8 kDa was obtained from the transfected COS7 cells. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly or using a gene gun 4 times with the vaccine, and the proportions of splenic T-cell subsets were examined by fluorocytometry at week 2 after the last injection. The spleen cells from intramuscularly injected mice revealed no significant changes in the proportions of CD8(+) T-cells and CD4(+) T-cells. However, in mice immunized using a gene gun, significantly higher (P0.05) proportions of CD8(+) cells were observed compared to UB vector-injected control mice. The results indicated that cellular immunogenicity of the plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean P. vivax was weak when it was injected intramuscularly; however, a promising effect was observed using the gene gun injection technique.
- Published
- 2010
31. Prevalence of the intestinal flukes Haplorchis taichui and H. yokogawai in a mountainous area of Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR
- Author
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Duk Young Min, Keeseon S. Eom, Eun Hee Shin, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Virasack Banouvong, Han Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai, Tai Soon Yong, Sithat Insisiengmay, and Bounlay Phommasack
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Trichostrongylus ,prevalence ,Pyrantel Pamoate ,Heterophyidae ,Trematode Infections ,Brief Communication ,Praziquantel ,Feces ,Ascariasis ,medicine ,Phongsali Province ,Helminths ,Animals ,Humans ,Haplorchis yokogawai ,biology ,Antiparasitic Agents ,Phaneropsolus bonnei ,Taenia saginata ,Liver fluke ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Laos ,Haplorchis taichui ,Taenia ,Parasitology ,Female ,Ascaris lumbricoides ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Phongsaly Province, located in the northernmost area of Lao PDR, was previously suggested to be endemic for the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini infection. To confirm, or rule out, this suggestion, the Phonxay village in the Khoua District, Phongsaly Province, was selected for a survey. Ten volunteers (8 men and 2 women aged 31-57 years) who consumed raw freshwater fish and had gastrointestinal troubles were treated with a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) and pyrantel pamoate (10 mg/kg) and purged with magnesium sulfate to recover any worm parasites. Eight of the 10 volunteers expelled 1 or more species of trematodes, nematodes, or cestodes (worm positive rate; 80%). The worms were morphologically identified as H. taichui (861 worms from 8 people), H. yokogawai (59 from 6 people), Phaneropsolus bonnei (1 from 1 person), Trichostrongylus sp. (2 from 2 people), Ascaris lumbricoides (2 from 1 person), Enterobius vermicularis (11 from 3 people), and Taenia saginata (1 strobila with scolex from 1 person). The results indicate that the mountainous area of Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR, is not endemic for the liver fluke but endemic for intestinal flukes, in particular, Haplorchis taichui and H. yokogawai.
- Published
- 2010
32. Foodborne intestinal flukes in Southeast Asia
- Author
-
Han Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun Hee Shin, and Soon Hyung Lee
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Zoology ,Trematode Infections ,Fasciolidae ,Metagonimus ,food ,Food Parasitology ,Fasciolopsis ,Echinostoma hortense ,parasitic diseases ,Animals ,Humans ,Asia, Southeastern ,biology ,ved/biology ,Metagonimus yokogawai ,Mini-Review ,biology.organism_classification ,Hypoderaeum conoideum ,Haplorchis ,Intestines ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Trematoda ,Echinostoma - Abstract
In Southeast Asia, a total of 59 species of foodborne intestinal flukes have been known to occur in humans. The largest group is the family Heterophyidae, which constitutes 22 species belonging to 9 genera (Centrocestus, Haplorchis, Heterophyes, Heterophyopsis, Metagonimus, Procerovum, Pygidiopsis, Stellantchasmus, and Stictodora). The next is the family Echinostomatidae, which includes 20 species in 8 genera (Artyfechinostomum, Acanthoparyphium, Echinochasmus, Echinoparyphium, Echinostoma, Episthmium, Euparyphium, and Hypoderaeum). The family Plagiorchiidae follows the next containing 5 species in 1 genus (Plagiorchis). The family Lecithodendriidae includes 3 species in 2 genera (Phaneropsolus and Prosthodendrium). In 9 other families, 1 species in 1 genus each is involved; Cathaemaciidae (Cathaemacia), Fasciolidae (Fasciolopsis), Gastrodiscidae (Gastrodiscoides), Gymnophallidae (Gymnophalloides), Microphallidae (Spelotrema), Neodiplostomidae (Neodiplostomum), Paramphistomatidae (Fischoederius), Psilostomidae (Psilorchis), and Strigeidae (Cotylurus). Various types of foods are sources of human infections. They include freshwater fish, brackish water fish, fresh water snails, brackish water snails (including the oyster), amphibians, terrestrial snakes, aquatic insects, and aquatic plants. The reservoir hosts include various species of mammals or birds.The host-parasite relationships have been studied in Metagonimus yokogawai, Echinostoma hortense, Fasciolopsis buski, Neodiplostomum seoulense, and Gymnophalloides seoi; however, the pathogenicity of each parasite species and host mucosal defense mechanisms are yet poorly understood. Clinical aspects of each parasite infection need more clarification. Differential diagnosis by fecal examination is difficult because of morphological similarity of eggs. Praziquantel is effective for most intestinal fluke infections. Continued efforts to understand epidemiological significance of intestinal fluke infections, with detection of further human cases, are required.
- Published
- 2009
33. High prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and other helminth infections among people in Khammouane province, Lao PDR
- Author
-
Min Sung Park, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Eui Hyug Hoang, Woon Mok Sohn, Jin Young Um, Han Jong Rim, Soon Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai Soon Yong, Duk Young Min, Eun Hee Shin, and Eun-Taek Han
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Adolescent ,Trichuriasis ,Helminthiasis ,Biology ,Feces ,Young Adult ,fluids and secretions ,Helminths ,Opisthorchis ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Trichostrongylus ,Opisthorchis viverrini ,Enterobius ,Child ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Haplorchis ,Infectious Diseases ,Laos ,Parasitology ,Female ,Original Article ,Haplorchis taichui - Abstract
The prevalence of liver and intestinal helminth infections, including Opisthorchis, Haplorchis, Phaneropsolus, hookworms, Enterobius, and Taenia, was surveyed in Khammouane province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected from 1,242 people (590 men and 652 women) in 3 Mekong riverside villages and were examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The overall helminth egg positive rate was 81.1%. The positive rate for small trematode eggs, including Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, and lecithodendriids, was 81.1% and the positive rate for hookworms was 6.7%. To obtain adult worms, 35 people who were positive for small trematode eggs were treated with 20-30 mg/kg praziquantel and 10-15 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate, and then purged. Diarrheic stools were collected from 33 of these people and searched for helminth parasites using a stereomicroscope. Mixed infections with various helminths (Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, echinostomes, hookworms, Trichostrongylus spp., Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, and/or Taenia saginata) were found. The total number of helminth specimens collected was 20,907 (approximately 634 per person). The most common species was H. taichui, followed by P. molenkampi, O. viverrini, P. bonnei, E. vermicularis, hookworms, and Trichostrongylus spp. These results show that diverse species of intestinal nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes are infecting humans in Khammouane province, Lao PDR.
- Published
- 2009
34. Echinostome infections in the striped-field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, and the Ussuri white-toothed shrew, Crocidura lasiura, caught near the demilitarized zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea
- Author
-
Bong Kwang Jung, Sang Mae Guk, Jae Hwan Park, Heung Chul Kim, Jae Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Sung Tae Chong, Luck Ju Baek, Jin Won Song, Eun Hee Shin, and Terry A. Klein
- Subjects
Apodemus agrarius ,Veterinary medicine ,Zoology ,Rodentia ,Brief Communication ,Echinostoma cinetorchis ,Rodent Diseases ,Mice ,biology.animal ,Echinostoma hortense ,Echinostoma ,Animals ,Humans ,Echinostomiasis ,Korea ,biology ,Insectivora ,Shrews ,Shrew ,Murinae ,Eulipotyphla ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Crocidura lasiura - Abstract
A total of 1,498 small mammals (rodents and insectivores), including Apodemus agrarius (n = 1,366), Crocidura lasiura (54), Mus musculus (32), Micronytus fortis (28), Eothenomys regulus (9), Micronys minutes (6), and Cricetulus triton (3), were live-trapped in Gyeonggi-do (Province) (Paju-si, Pocheon-gun, and Yeoncheon-gun) near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) from December 2004 to September 2005. A. agrarius was found to be infected with 3 species of echinostomes (Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma cinetorchis, and Euparyphium murinum), while C. lasiura was infected with 1 species (Echinochasmus japonicas) of echinostome. Other mammals were free from echinostome infections. Total 16 E. hortense were detected in 7 (0.5%) mice, 9 E. cinetorchis from 5 (0.4%), and 3 E. murinum from 2 (0.1%) out of 1.366 A. agrarius examined. E. japonicus was found only in 1 (1.9%; total 3 specimens) C. lasiura. These results demonstrate that A. agrarius and C. lasiura, inhabiting near the DMZ of Gyeonggi-do serve as the natural definitive hosts for several species of echinostomes, although their infection rates are low. This is the first record of natural infections of A. agrarius with E. cinetorchis and C. lasiura with E. japonicus in the Republic of Korea.
- Published
- 2009
35. Evaluation of the Korean isolate-1 tachyzoite antigen for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis
- Author
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Hyojin Kim, Aifen Lin, Donghee Kim, Myoung Hee Ahn, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun Hee Shin, and Jo Woon Yi Lee
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Rh strain ,Brief Communication ,Serology ,Mice ,Antigen ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Serologic Tests ,Korea ,biology ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Serum samples ,Virology ,Toxoplasmosis ,Latex fixation test ,Titer ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Female ,Rabbits ,Latex Fixation Tests - Abstract
To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Isolate-1 (KI-1) antigen for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis, antigen profiles of KI-1 tachyzoites were analyzed in comparison with RH tachyzoites by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. ELISA was performed on latex agglutination (LA)-positive and negative serum samples using KI-1 and RH antigens. Immunoblotting of the KI-1 antigen showed multiple antigen bands with molecular sizes of 22-105 kDa. Among them, 1 and 6 common bands were noted against a KI-1-infected and a RH-infected human serum, respectively, which represented differences in antigenic profiles between KI-1 and RH tachyzoites. However, all 9 LA-positive human sera were found positive by ELISA, and all 12 LA-negative sera were negative by ELISA; the correlation between the ELISA titers and LA titers was high (r = 0.749). Our results suggest that tachyzoites of KI-1 may be useful for serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis.
- Published
- 2008
36. Isolation of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+, or Salmonella Java, from Indonesia and alteration of the d-tartrate fermentation phenotype by disrupting the ORF STM 3356
- Author
-
Ji Sook Hahn, Eun Hee Shin, Jongsik Chun, Manki Song, Seon Young Choi, John Wain, Magdarina D. Agtini, John D. Clemens, Lorenz von Seidlein, Kyung Ho Han, R. Leon Ochiai, Jehee Lee, Hyejon Lee, Bok K.won Lee, and Dong Wook Kim
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Salmonella ,Genomic Islands ,Chloramphenicol Resistance ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Open Reading Frames ,Genomic island ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Paratyphoid Fever ,medicine ,Humans ,Tartrates ,biology ,Paratyphoid fever ,Genetic Complementation Test ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Enterobacteriaceae ,Virology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Open reading frame ,Salmonella enterica ,Indonesia ,Salmonella paratyphi B ,Fermentation ,Streptomycin ,Bacteria - Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B [O1,4,(5),12 : Hb : 1,2] can cause either an enteric fever (paratyphoid fever) or self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. The d-tartrate non-fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT− (S. Paratyphi B) is the causative agent of paratyphoid fever, and the d-tartrate fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+ (S. Paratyphi B dT+; formerly called Salmonella Java) causes gastroenteritis. S. Java is currently recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. Twelve dT+ S. Java isolates were collected in Indonesia between 2000 and 2002. One-third of them contained Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), which gives the multidrug-resistant phenotype to the bacteria. In this study, a PCR-based method to detect a single nucleotide difference responsible for the inability to ferment d-tartrate, reported elsewhere, was validated. The d-tartrate fermenting phenotype of S. Java was converted to the non-fermenting phenotype by the disruption of the ORF STM 3356, and the d-tartrate non-fermenting phenotype of the ORF STM 3356-disrupted strain and the dT− reference strain was changed to the dT+ phenotype by complementing ORF STM 3356 in trans. The results show that the dT+ phenotype requires a functional product encoded by STM 3356, and support the use of the PCR-based discrimination method for S. Paratyphi B and S. Java as the standard differentiation method.
- Published
- 2006
37. Genotype analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. prevalent in a rural village in Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
- Author
-
Jae Lip Kim, Jae Hwan Park, Eun Hee Shin, Eun-Taek Han, Sang Mee Guk, and Jong-Yil Chai
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Genotype ,Sequence analysis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Cattle Diseases ,Cryptosporidiosis ,Cryptosporidium ,Rural Health ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,parasitic diseases ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,DNA Primers ,Cryptosporidium parvum ,Goat Diseases ,Korea ,biology ,Base Sequence ,Transmission (medicine) ,Goats ,Genes, rRNA ,Ribosomal RNA ,DNA, Protozoan ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Rural village ,Mutation ,Parasitology ,Cattle ,Original Article ,Cryptosporidium hominis ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
Two species of Cryptosporidium are known to infect man; C. hominis which shows anthroponotic trans- mission between humans, and C. parvum which shows zoonotic transmission between animals or between animals and man. In this study, we focused on identifying genotypes of Cryptosporidium prevalent among inhabitants and domestic animals (cattle and goats), to elucidate transmittal routes in a known endemic area in Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. The existence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was confirmed using a modified Ziehl- Neelsen stain. Human infections were found in 7 (25.9%) of 27 people examined. Cattle cryptosporidiosis cases con- stituted 7 (41.2%) of 17 examined, and goat cases 3 (42.9%) of 7 examined. Species characterizations were per- formed on the small subunit of the rRNA gene using both PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis. Most of the human iso- lates were mixtures of C. hominis and C. parvum genotypes and similar PCR-RFLP patterns were observed in cattle and goat isolates. However, sequence analyses identified only C. hominis in all isolates examined. The natural infec- tion of cattle and goats with C. hominis is a new and unique finding in the present study. It is suggested that human cryptosporidiosis in the studied area is caused by mixtures of C. hominis and C. parvum oocysts originating from both inhabitants and domestic animals.
- Published
- 2006
38. Prevalence of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in coastal villages of Haenam-gun and Yeongam-gun, Republic of Korea
- Author
-
Sang Mee Guk, Aifen Lin, Eun Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Jae Lip Kim, and Jae Hwan Park
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Intestinal parasite ,Heterophyidae ,Trematode Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Praziquantel ,Feces ,medicine ,Parasite Egg Count ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Heterophyes nocens ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Anthelmintics ,Clonorchis sinensis ,Korea ,biology ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Original Article ,Female ,Trematoda ,medicine.drug - Abstract
One coastal village in Haenam-gun and two in Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do were surveyed for intestinal parasite infections by fecal examination. The egg positive rates of Gymnophalloides seoi were high, 24.1% (14/58) in Haenam-gun and 9.3% (11/118) in Yeongam-gun. The egg positive rates of heterophyids, including Heterophyes nocens, and of Clonorchis sinensis were 10.3% and 6.9% in Haenam-gun, and 14.4% and 8.5% in Yeongam-gun, respectively. After praziquantel treatment and purgation, a total of 37,761 fluke specimens were recovered from 17 patients; 11 in Haenam-gun and 6 in Yeongam-gun. Gymnophalloides seoi was the most commonly recovered species, with 37,489 specimens in total (2,205 per person). Other recovered flukes included Heterophyes nocens, Stictodora fuscata, Heterophyopsis continua, Pygidiopsis summa, and undetermined species. These results indicate that the areas surveyed are new endemic foci of G. seoi.
- Published
- 2006
39. A survey of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea
- Author
-
Jong-Yil Chai, Sang Mee Guk, Jae Lip Kim, Jae Hwan Park, Eun Hee Shin, Eun-Taek Han, and Won Hee Kim
- Subjects
Male ,Korea ,Traditional medicine ,Geography ,education ,Enterobiasis ,Infection rate ,Feces ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Parasite Egg Count ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Parasitology ,Female ,Original Article ,Enterobius ,Child ,Demography - Abstract
To determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children living on western and south- ern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, children (3-10 years) in 39 kindergartens and primary schools were examined using the cello-tape anal swab method, during July and August 2000. Of 1,661 children examined, 307 (18.5%) were found to be positive for E. vermicularis eggs. The highest infection rate (59.3%) was found in a kinder- garten and a branch school of Shinyang primary school on Chujado, Jeju-do (Province). Remarkable differences in egg positive rates were observed in different localities. The egg positive rate for boys (21.3%) was significantly higher than that of girls (15.4%) (P = 0.02). However, positive rates were not significantly dependent on age. The results of the present study show that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among pre-school and primary school chil- dren living on the western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, and indicate the need for efforts to control this infection.
- Published
- 2005
40. Mixed infections with Opisthorchis viverrini and intestinal flukes in residents of Vientiane Municipality and Saravane Province in Laos
- Author
-
S.-M. Guk, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S. Eom, J.-H. Park, B. Phommmasack, D.-Y. Min, Woon-Mok Sohn, Eun Hee Shin, A. Lin, B. Insisiengmay, Eun-Taek Han, Jong-Yil Chai, Tai Soon Yong, J.-L. Kim, and E.-H. Hwang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Adolescent ,Rural Health ,Trematode Infections ,Opisthorchiasis ,Praziquantel ,Feces ,Food Parasitology ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Helminths ,Humans ,Opisthorchis viverrini ,Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ,Child ,Parasite Egg Count ,Aged ,Anthelmintics ,Centrocestus formosanus ,biology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Haplorchis ,Intestines ,Laos ,Child, Preschool ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Female ,Trematoda ,Haplorchis taichui ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Faecal examinations for helminth eggs were performed on 1869 people from two riverside localities, Vientiane Municipality and Saravane Province, along the Mekong River, Laos. To obtain adult flukes, 42 people positive for small trematode eggs (Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyid, or lecithodendriid eggs) were treated with a 20–30 mg kg−1 single dose of praziquantel and purged. Diarrhoeic stools were then collected from 36 people (18 in each area) and searched for helminth parasites using stereomicroscopes. Faecal examinations revealed positive rates for small trematode eggs of 53.3% and 70.8% (average 65.2%) in Vientiane and Saravane Province, respectively. Infections with O. viverrini and six species of intestinal flukes were found, namely, Haplorchistaichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Centrocestus caninus,Prosthodendrium molenkampi, and Phaneropsolus bonnei. The total number of flukes collected and the proportion of fluke species recovered were markedly different in the two localities; in Vientiane, 1041 O. viverrini (57.8 per person) and 615 others (34.2 per person), whereas in Saravane, 395 O. viverrini (21.9 per person) and 155207 others (8622.6 per person). Five people from Saravane harboured no O. viverrini but numerous heterophyid and/or lecithodendriid flukes. The results indicate that O. viverrini and several species of heterophyid and lecithodendriid flukes are endemic in these two riverside localities, and suggest that the intensity of infection and the relative proportion of fluke species vary by locality along the Mekong River basin.
- Published
- 2005
41. Allelic dimorphism in the merozoite surface protein-3alpha in Korean isolates of Plasmodium vivax
- Author
-
Eun-Taek, Han, Tae-Eui, Song, Jae-Hwan, Park, Eun-Hee, Shin, Sang-Mee, Guk, Tae-Yun, Kim, and Jong-Yil, Chai
- Subjects
Korea ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Protozoan Proteins ,Genetic Variation ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Malaria, Vivax ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Plasmodium vivax ,Sequence Alignment ,Alleles - Abstract
To study the genetic diversity of re-emerging Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea, nucleotide sequence variations at the merozoite surface protein-3alpha (PvMSP-3alpha) locus were analyzed using 24 re-emerging isolates and 4 isolates from imported cases. Compared with the well known Belem strain (Brazil), a large number of amino acid substitutions, deletions, and insertions were found at the locus of the isolates examined. The Korean isolates were divided into two allelic types; type I (15 isolates), similar to the Belem strain, and type II (9), similar to the Chess strain (New Guinea). Isolates from imported cases were classified into three types; type III (1 from Malaysia), similar to type B from western Thailand, type IV (1 each from Indonesia and India), and type V (1 from Pakistan), both being new types. Our results have shown that the MSP-3alpha locus of re-emerging Korean P. vivax is dimorphic with two allelic types coexisting in the endemic area.
- Published
- 2005
42. Prevalence of Heterophyes nocens and Pygydiopsis summa infections among residents of the western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea
- Author
-
Soon-Hyung Lee, Sang-Mee Guk, Kwang-Sun Hong, Han-Jong Rim, Eun-Taek Han, Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Lip Kim, Eun Hee Shin, and Jae-Hwan Park
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Helminthiasis ,Trematode Infections ,Feces ,Virology ,parasitic diseases ,Pygidiopsis summa ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,Heterophyidae ,Parasite Egg Count ,Heterophyes nocens ,Eggs per gram ,Aged ,Korea ,biology ,Geography ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Praziquantel ,Infectious Diseases ,Tropical medicine ,Parasitology ,Female ,Trematoda ,medicine.drug - Abstract
To determine the distribution and prevalence of heterophyid fluke infections on coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, fecal specimens were collected from 4,179 people residing on 45 islands in the West (Yellow) and South Seas and examined using the formalin-ether and Kato-Katz techniques. Eggs of Heterophyes nocens were found in 459 (11.0%) residents of 42 islands, with an average number of eggs per gram (epg) of feces of 79.6. Eggs of Pygidiopsis summa were found in 49 (1.2%) on 12 islands, with an average epg of 253.0. The egg-positive rate for H. nocens was the highest on Chungdo (32.6%), followed by Imchado (27.3%); P. summa was most prevalent on Imchado (15.2%). The majority (78.9% [362 of 549] of those infected with H. nocens and 81.6% [40 of 49] of those infected with P. summa) of those infected were adults more than 40 years old. Adult flukes of these species were recovered from residents of Imchado by treatment with praziquantel and purgation. Our results indicate that H. nocens and P. summa are indigenous to the southern and western coastal islands of the Republic of Korea.
- Published
- 2004
43. A Phase II study of weekly irinotecan and capecitabine in patients with previously treated non-small cell lung cancer
- Author
-
Ji-Youn, Han, Dae Ho, Lee, Hyae Young, Kim, Eun-A, Kim, Jae Jin, Lee, So Young, Ju, Eun Hee, Shin, and Jin Soo, Lee
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Salvage Therapy ,Lung Neoplasms ,Adenocarcinoma ,Middle Aged ,Irinotecan ,Deoxycytidine ,Survival Rate ,Treatment Outcome ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Disease Progression ,Humans ,Camptothecin ,Female ,Fluorouracil ,Capecitabine ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging - Abstract
Irinotecan and capecitabine have synergistic antitumor activity with distinct mechanisms of action but without overlapping major toxicity. We conducted a Phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of weekly irinotecan plus capecitabine in patients with previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Eligible patients had received at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. The treatment consisted of irinotecan (90-100 mg/m2 i.v.) on days 1 and 8 plus capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 p.o. b.i.d.) on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle. Treatment was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.Thirty-seven patients with median age of 59 years were enrolled. Eighteen (49%) patients had received one prior regimen, and 19 (51%) patients had received two or more prior regimens. The Initial 5 patients received 100 mg/m2 irinotecan with grade 3 diarrhea seen in 3 of 5 patients, and subsequent 32 patients received 90 mg/m2 irinotecan. Four (11.4%) of 35 evaluable patients had partial response and 12 (34.3%) had stable disease. There was no complete response. All responses were noted in patients who had received one prior regimen (4 of 18, 22%), but there was no response among the patients who had received two or more regimens. Median duration of response was 5.6 months (range, 5-8.7 months). At a median follow-up of 6 months, median survival was 7.4 months (95% confidence interval, 3.6-9.0). Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia (12%), anemia (13%), and diarrhea (12%) at the dose level of 90 mg/m2.Weekly irinotecan plus capecitabine had favorable antitumor activity and toxicity profile as a second-line treatment for recurrent NSCLC. This regimen may provide an additional treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC.
- Published
- 2003
44. A phase II study of weekly docetaxel plus capecitabine for patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
- Author
-
Hong Gi Lee, Hae Young Kim, Ji-Youn Han, Dae Ho Lee, Sung Young Lee, Eun Kyung Hong, Jong Ho Chun, Jin Soo Lee, Eun Hee Shin, and Sung Min Yoon
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Neutropenia ,Maximum Tolerated Dose ,Paclitaxel ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Phases of clinical research ,Docetaxel ,Gastroenterology ,Deoxycytidine ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Capecitabine ,Internal medicine ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Humans ,Survival rate ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Chemotherapy ,Stomatitis ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,Oncology ,Fluorouracil ,Asthenia ,Female ,Taxoids ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel is an active agent in advanced nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and demonstrates preclinical and clinical synergism with capecitabine. We conducted the current Phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the docetaxel/capecitabine combination in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC. METHODS Eligibility required Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC, bidimensionally measurable disease, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 2 or lower. Treatment consisted of docetaxel 36 mg/m2 intravenously on Days 1 and 8 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 orally twice per day on Days 1–14 of a 21-day cycle, for a maximum of 6 cycles. RESULTS Of 39 patients enrolled, 39 and 36 patients were evaluated for toxicity and response, respectively. The overall response rate was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37–69%) with 19 partial responses (no complete response). The median duration of response was 6.2 months (range, 2.1–15.7 months). At a median follow-up of 14.2 months, 19 patients died. The median overall survival time was 17.8 months, with a 1-year survival rate of 56.4% (95% CI, 40.9–72.0%). There were two treatment-related deaths (one death due to pneumonia and one due to sepsis). Hematologic toxicity was mild to moderate. Thirteen percent of the patients had Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. However, Grade 2 or 3 nonhematologic toxicities were frequent, which included asthenia (51%), stomatitis (33%), hand–foot syndrome (33%), and diarrhea (29%). CONCLUSIONS The docetaxel/capecitabine combination showed promising antitumor activity for chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC, However, it was frequently associated with moderate-to-severe nonhematologic toxicities, suggesting clinical synergism in both efficacy and toxicity. Further adjustment of the dose schedule is recommended to maximize the therapeutic index. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
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- 2003
45. Laboratory passage and characterization of an isolate of Toxoplasma gondii from an ocular patient in Korea
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Ho-Woo Nam, Myoung Don Oh, Eun Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Aifen Lin, and Eun-Taek Han
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Virulence ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Parasitemia ,Mice ,Antigen ,Serial passage ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Parasite hosting ,Animals ,Humans ,Serial Passage ,Sarcoma 180 ,Toxoplasmosis, Ocular ,Infectivity ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Korea ,biology ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Toxoplasmosis ,Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ,Microscopy, Electron ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Female ,Original Article ,Toxoplasma ,Encephalitis - Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were isolated from the blood of an ocular patient, and have been successfully passaged in the laboratory, for over a year, by peritoneal inoculation in mice. The isolated parasite was designated the Korean Isolate-1 (KI-1) and its characteristics were compared with those of the RH strain, a well-known virulent strain originating from a child who suffered from encephalitis. The morphology, pathogenicity, infectivity and cell culture characteristics of the KI-1 were similar to those of the RH strain. Both RH and KI-1 antigens were detected by an anti-T. gondii monoclonal antibody (mAb), Tg563, against the major surface protein SAG1 (30 kDa), whereas no reaction was observed against an anti-Neospora caninum mAb, 12B4. The KI-1 was confirmed as an isolate of T. gondii. A long-term laboratory maintenance and characterization of a local T. gondii isolate is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea.
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- 2003
46. An outbreak of gnathostomiasis among Korean emigrants in Myanmar
- Author
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Masaki Hirota, Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama, Eun Taek Han, Jae Hwan Park, Yukifumi Nawa, Jong Phil Chu, Jong-Yil Chai, and Eun Hee Shin
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Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Helminthiasis ,Spirurida Infections ,Myanmar ,Disease Outbreaks ,Food Parasitology ,Recurrence ,Virology ,Erythematous plaque ,Eosinophilia ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,Gnathostoma ,Gnathostoma doloresi ,Gnathostomiasis ,Korea ,business.industry ,Fishes ,Outbreak ,Infant ,Emigration and Immigration ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Serum samples ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Itching ,Parasitology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Catfish - Abstract
Thirty-eight (designated as cases) of 60 Korean emigrants who consumed raw fresh water fish in Yangon, Myanmar developed migratory swellings and creeping eruptions on the back, abdomen, flank, and other cutaneous areas 1-10 weeks later. The symptoms included itching, nodule formation, fatigue, urticaria, fever, pain on the skin, and erythematous plaques. Skin biopsies of two cases revealed no parasites. However, the mean +/- SD peripheral blood eosinophilia among the cases was 6.3 +/- 6.5% (n = 29) and 9.0 +/- 9.8% (n = 26) in two examinations. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of their serum samples, using Gnathostoma doloresi adult worms as the antigen, showed mean +/- SD optical densities of 0.47 +/- 0.29 (n = 28) and 0.32 +/- 0.20 (n = 30) in two examinations and 0.12 +/- 0.09 (n = 50) in healthy controls. Two advanced third-stage larvae of G. spinigerum were found in two of six catfish purchased at a local market in Yangon. The outbreak of the human infection is suggested to have been due to G. spinigerum, which is known to live out its life cycle in the Yangon area of Myanmar.
- Published
- 2003
47. Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) gene sequences of re-emerging Plasmodium vivax in South Korea
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Eun-Taek Han, Myoung Don Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae Hwan Park, and Eun Hee Shin
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Adult ,Male ,Genotype ,Plasmodium vivax ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Protozoan Proteins ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Brief Communication ,DNA sequencing ,Genetic variation ,parasitic diseases ,Malaria, Vivax ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Apical membrane antigen 1 ,Child ,Gene ,Aged ,Genetics ,Korea ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,biology ,Base Sequence ,Haplotype ,Membrane Proteins ,Apical membrane ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Female - Abstract
Plasmodium vivax malaria re-emerged in South Korea in 1993, and epidemics continue since then. We examined genetic variation in the region encompassing the apical membrane antigen-1 (PvAMA-1) of the parasites by DNA sequencing of the 22 re-emerging P. vivax isolates. The genotype of the PvAMA-1, which was based on sequence data previously reported for the polymorphic regions, showed that two haplotypes were present at one polymorphic site. Compared with reported data, the two types, SKOR type I and type II, were similar to Chinese CH-10A and CH-05A isolates, respectively. Thus, the present study showed that two genotypes of AMA-1 genes coexist in the re-emerging Korean P. vivax.
- Published
- 2002
48. Decrease of Metagonimus yokogawai Endemicity along the Tamjin River Basin
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Jin-Ju Lee, Eun Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Ji-Youn Lee, Min Jae Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jo Woon Yi Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, and Hyojin Kim
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Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Endemic Diseases ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Drainage basin ,Trematode Infections ,Biology ,Brief Communication ,THICK SMEAR ,Rivers ,Metagonimiasis ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Helminths ,Heterophyidae ,Feces ,geography ,Korea ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,ved/biology ,Endemic area ,Metagonimus yokogawai ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Praziquantel ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Parasitology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The Tamjin River which flows from Jangheung-gun via Gangjin-gun to the South Sea was reported to be a highly endemic area of Metagonimus yokogawai infection in 1977 and 1985. However, there were no recent studies demonstrating how much change occurred in the endemicity, in terms of prevalence and worm burden, of metagonimiasis in this river basin. Thus, a small-scale epidemiological survey was carried out on some residents along the Tamjin River basin in order to determine the current status of M. yokogawai infection. A total of 48 fecal samples were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. The egg positive rate of all helminths was 50.0%, and that of M. yokogawai was 37.5%, followed by C. sinensis 22.9% and G. seoi 4.2%. To obtain the adult flukes of M. yokogawai, 6 egg positive cases were treated with praziquantel 10 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium sulfate. A total of 5,225 adult flukes (average 871 specimens per person) of M. yokogawai were collected from their diarrheic stools. Compared with the data reported in 1977 and 1985, the individual worm burdens appeared to have decreased remarkably, although the prevalence did not decrease at all. It is suggested that the endemicity of M. yokogawai infection along the Tamjin River has been reduced. To confirm this suggestion, the status of infection in snail and fish intermediate hosts should be investigated.
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- 2008
49. A new endemic focus of Heterophyes nocens and other heterophyid infections in a coastal area of Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do
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Yun-Kyu Park, Jae-Lip Kim, Jae-Hwan Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun Hee Shin, and Sang-Mee Guk
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Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,food.ingredient ,Endemic Diseases ,Heterophyidae ,Trematode Infections ,Mullet ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Feces ,Metagonimus ,food ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Helminths ,Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ,Heterophyes nocens ,Aged ,Korea ,Clonorchis sinensis ,biology ,Water ,Entamoeba coli ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Smegmamorpha ,Rats ,Praziquantel ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Original Article ,Parasitology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
To know the prevalence of heterophyid trematodes among inhabitants of a southern coastal village, i.e., Sacho-ri, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province), 82 stool samples were examined on helminth eggs and protozoan cysts using Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Total 33 people (40.2%) were positive for trematodes (Heterophyes nocens; 15 people, Pygidiopsis summa; 3, Metagonimus sp.; 4, Clonorchis sinensis; 7, Gymnophalloides seoi; 6) and/or protozoa (Entamoeba coli; 3). Among intestinal trematode egg positive cases, 17 were treated with praziquantel and their whole diarrheic stools were collected after purgation. Adult flukes of H. nocens (number of specimens = 1,294), P. summa (386), Stellantchasmus falcatus (5), Stictodora lari (4), and Heterophyopsis continua (1) were collected using a stereomicroscope. To know the source of human H. nocens infections in this village, metacercarial infections in mullets (10) were examined and most H. nocens metacercariae (101/105, 96.2%) were found in the trunk portion. From above results, the surveyed coastal village has been newly known as an endemic focus of human H. nocens infection and consuming raw mullets was the presumable source of human heterophyid infections.
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- 2007
50. High prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections among residents of Savannakhet Province in Laos
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Woon Mok Sohn, Eui Hyug Hoang, Soon Hyung Lee, Hoo Gn Jeong, Han Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai, Tai Soon Yong, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Sang Mee Guk, Keeseon S. Eom, Keon Hoon Lee, Yong Sang Ryang, Eun Hee Shin, Bounlay Phommasack, and Eun-Taek Han
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Adult ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Adolescent ,Liver Diseases, Parasitic ,Intestinal fluke ,Trematode Infections ,Praziquantel ,Feces ,parasitic diseases ,Prevalence ,Parasite Egg Count ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Helminths ,Opisthorchis viverrini ,Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ,Child ,Aged ,Anthelmintics ,biology ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Laos ,Child, Preschool ,Population Surveillance ,Original Article ,Female ,Parasitology ,Trematoda ,business ,Haplorchis taichui ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections was surveyed on residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos. Fecal specimens were collected from a total of 981 residents in 4 Mekong riverside villages and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The results revealed that the overall helminth egg positive rate was 84.2%, and the positive rate for small trematode eggs, including Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, or lecithodendriids, was 67.1%. To obtain adult flukes, 38 small trematode egg positive cases were treated with a 20-30 mg/kg single dose of praziquantel and purged. Diarrheic stools were then collected from 29 people and searched for helminth parasites using stereomicroscopes. Mixed infections with O. viverrini and 6 kinds of intestinal flukes were found, namely, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, and echinostomes. The total number of flukes collected was 7,693 specimens (av. no. per treated person; 265.3). The most common species was O. viverrini, followed by H. taichui, P. molenkampi, echinostomes, H. pumilio, P. bonnei, and H. yokogawai. The results indicate that foodborne liver and intestinal fluke infections are prevalent among residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos.
- Published
- 2007
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