416 results on '"COOKING"'
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2. LEAD POISONING AND THE FALL OF ROME.
- Author
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GILFILLAN SC
- Subjects
- History, Ancient, Humans, Italy, Rome, Cooking, Cooking and Eating Utensils, History, Infertility, Lead Poisoning, Wine
- Published
- 1965
3. Will Cook Spain.
- Author
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GAY LN
- Subjects
- Spain, Cooking, History
- Published
- 1956
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. ТУРСКАТА КУЛИНАРНА ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК. ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ АСПЕКТ.
- Author
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Златанов, Иля
- Subjects
TURKISH language ,BABYLON (Extinct city) ,VOCABULARY ,PERSIAN language ,TERMS & phrases ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
This article describes the origin of a number of culinary terms that penetrated the Bulgarian language through Turkish mediation. The Ottoman Turkish language contains a significant layer of Arabic and Persian vocabulary, which has also entered the Bulgarian language. Some of the Arabic vocabulary was inherited from Aramaic, the language of Jesus Christ, and from the Akkadian language of Babylon and Assyria, and Persian - from the language of the Zend Avesta. As a result, Bulgarian culinary terminology preserves an ancient heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Human predation contributed to the extinction of the Australian megafaunal bird Genyornis newtoni ∼47 ka
- Author
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Miller, Gifford, Magee, John, Smith, Mike, Spooner, Nigel, Baynes, Alexander, Lehman, Scott, Fogel, Marilyn, Johnston, Harvey, Williams, Doug, Clark, Peter, Florian, Christopher, Holst, Richard, and DeVogel, Stephen
- Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation ,History ,Heritage and Archaeology ,Environmental Sciences ,Archaeology ,Animals ,Australia ,Birds ,Cooking ,Egg Shell ,Extinction ,Biological ,Fires ,Humans - Abstract
Although the temporal overlap between human dispersal across Australia and the disappearance of its largest animals is well established, the lack of unambiguous evidence for human-megafauna interactions has led some to question a human role in megafaunal extinction. Here we show that diagnostic burn patterns on eggshell fragments of the megafaunal bird Genyornis newtoni, found at >200 sites across Australia, were created by humans discarding eggshell in and around transient fires, presumably made to cook the eggs. Dating by three methods restricts their occurrence to between 53.9 and 43.4 ka, and likely before 47 ka. Dromaius (emu) eggshell occur frequently in deposits from >100 ka to present; burnt Dromaius eggshell first appear in deposits the same age as those with burnt Genyornis eggshell, and then continually to modern time. Harvesting of their eggs by humans would have decreased Genyornis reproductive success, contributing to the bird's extinction by ∼47 ka.
- Published
- 2016
6. Usos y costumbres gastronómicos en la España del siglo XVII: una aproximación a través de la percepción extranjera.
- Author
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de Lorenzo Mejías, Jaime
- Subjects
SPANIARDS ,GASTRONOMY ,COOKING ,TRAVELERS ,SPANISH Golden Age, 1516-1700 - Abstract
Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
7. An Ozark Culinary History : Northern Arkansas Traditions for Corn Dodgers to Squirrel Meatloaf
- Author
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Erin Rowe and Erin Rowe
- Subjects
- Cookbooks, History, Cooking--History.--Ozark Mountains, Cooking--History.--Arkansas, Food--History.--Ozark Mountains, Food--History.--Arkansas, Food habits--History.--Ozark Mountains, Food habits--History.--Arkansas, Cooking
- Abstract
Discover the rich history of Northwest Arkansas with this volume of classic recipes, culinary traditions, and stories full of nostalgic flavor.In the 1890s, Ozark apples fed the nation. Welch's Concord grapes grew in Arkansas vineyards. Local poultry king, Tyson, still satisfies America's chicken craving. Now food writer and Arkansas native Erin Rowe recounts these and other tales of Northwest Arkansas'High South cuisine, as well as her own adventures stomping grapes, canning hominy, picking Muscadines, gathering wild watercress and tracking honeybees. Illustrated throughout with historic photographs, An Ozark Culinary History celebrates the region's cuisine and foodways from chow-chow to moonshine. Featuring fifty heirloom recipes dating as far back as the early 1800s, it's sure to whet your curiosity and appetite.
- Published
- 2017
8. THE HISTORIAN'S COOKBOOK: ICE CREAM.
- Author
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der Lee, Alexan
- Subjects
- *
ICE cream, ices, etc. , *DAIRY products , *FROZEN desserts , *FROZEN custard , *COOKBOOKS , *HISTORY , *COOKING - Abstract
The article discusses the history of ice cream, which finds its origins with the ancient Greeks and Persians who flavored snow with fruit and honey, known as "ices." Making ice cream relied on the addition of salt to ice or snow to lower the temperature of milk or cream to change it into a solid form. The first ice cream seems to date from the early modern period, with varying legends attributing it to Catherine de’ Medici, Charles I of England, or even Marco Polo. The first ice cream recipe book was the 1768 was published in France by M. Emry and early recipes alternately referred to iced cream, milk, or custard.
- Published
- 2018
9. THE HISTORIAN'S COOKBOOK: BORSCHT.
- Author
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Lee, Alexander
- Subjects
- *
BEETS , *SOUPS , *FERMENTED foods , *SLAVIC cooking , *RUSSIAN cooking , *HISTORY , *COOKING - Abstract
The article discusses the history of borscht, in contemporary Slavic and Russian cultures, it is a beet-based soup. Its roots are believed to begin in the Middle Ages in the Ukraine as a broth made of cow-parsnips, a readily available plant in the region usually picked in May, then chopped and fermented and added to other ingredients. It began as a peasant food, but the 1682 Polish-Lithuanian cookbook by Stanisław Czerniecki contained several recipes which used different fermented ingredients as the basis for the soup. Beets were introduced to the region in the mid-sixteenth century.
- Published
- 2018
10. La toute-épice en Europe occidentale, un complément
- Author
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Françoise Aubaile-Sallenave
- Subjects
Pimenta ,history ,cooking ,liqueur ,cosmetic ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
This short paper complements information about historical introduction of the seeds of Pimenta in Europa, the important paper of the English, the nearly ignorance of the seeds in French and American cooking, but their uses in some liqueurs and in cosmetic.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Medieval Tastes : Food, Cooking, and the Table
- Author
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Massimo Montanari and Massimo Montanari
- Subjects
- Food industry and trade, Human behavior, Habit, Cooking, Industries, Humanities, Cooking, Medieval, Food habits--Europe--History--To 1500, Food--Europe--History--To 1500, Food habits, History, Food handling, Medicine, Medieval
- Abstract
In his new history of food, acclaimed historian Massimo Montanari traces the development of medieval tastes—both culinary and cultural—from raw materials to market and captures their reflections in today's food trends. Tying the ingredients of our diet evolution to the growth of human civilization, he immerses readers in the passionate debates and bold inventions that transformed food from a simple staple to a potent factor in health and a symbol of social and ideological standing.Montanari returns to the prestigious Salerno school of medicine, the'mother of all medical schools,'to plot the theory of food that took shape in the twelfth century. He reviews the influence of the Near Eastern spice routes, which introduced new flavors and cooking techniques to European kitchens, and reads Europe's earliest cookbooks, which took cues from old Roman practices that valued artifice and mixed flavors. Dishes were largely low-fat, and meats and fish were seasoned with vinegar, citrus juices, and wine. He highlights other dishes, habits, and battles that mirror contemporary culinary identity, including the refinement of pasta, polenta, bread, and other flour-based foods; the transition to more advanced cooking tools and formal dining implements; the controversy over cooking with oil, lard, or butter; dietary regimens; and the consumption and cultural meaning of water and wine. As people became more cognizant of their physicality, individuality, and place in the cosmos, Montanari shows, they adopted a new attitude toward food, investing as much in its pleasure and possibilities as in its acquisition.
- Published
- 2015
12. The Transformative Influence of La Varenne's Le Cuisinier Francois (1651) on French Culinary Practice
- Author
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Leon G. Fine
- Subjects
La Varenne ,French culinary practice ,gastronomy ,history ,cooking ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The current proliferation of modern cookbooks targeted to the public at large makes it impossible to conceive of there being any that could have had an overriding influence on culinary practice or eating preferences, even at a local level. However, when there was a historical absence of cookbooks for a half-century, as there was in France in the first half of the seventeenth century, it is argued herein that the advent of a single cookbook in 1651, Le Cuisinier Francois by La Varenne, could have had a transformational influence on culinary practice over the ensuing half-century. The book went into more than 50 subsequent editions in the second half of the century. La Varenne stated clearly that his intent was to provide a guide for professional cooks. However, it is hypothesized in this article that the widespread and enduring success of the book was due to its attraction to and acquisition by the general public, including household cooks. This can be ascribed to (i) the fact that there had been no French cookbook describing novel culinary approaches in the preceding 50 years, (ii) La Varenne's concise, uncomplicated, and practical style of presentation of recipes, and (iii) his selection of principal ingredients, which were within the reach of the household cook and which reflected the availability of foods at the time of writing. Furthermore, because Le Cuisinier Francois was laid out according to widely observed religious practices, finding the best options for the appropriate day of the month became an easy task for the user. La Varenne initiated a departure from an earlier style of heavily spiced cooking to one that was based on natural flavors, a limited use of spices, and uncomplicated cooking methods. Thus, rather than assuming that the enduring popularity of the book was due to its widespread use by culinary professionals, it is argued that its style and substance must have imparted a sense of empowerment and confidence in the home cook and that, in these terms, La Varenne's influence on culinary practice was far more widespread and truly transformative, accounting for the remarkable success of Le Cuisinier Francois.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Saffron: A global history [Book Review]
- Published
- 2021
14. England's Sacred Beast?
- Author
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Claridge, Jordan
- Subjects
- *
HORSES -- History , *HORSEMEAT , *HORSES , *CHRISTIANITY , *DOG food , *ANIMALS , *AVERSION , *TABOO , *HISTORY , *COOKING - Abstract
The article discusses the history of horses and horse-eating in England. It comments on the consumption of horses by Celtic and Anglo Saxon peoples in ritual practices in early medieval England and the proscription of the practice during Christianization. The author considers the use of horses as food in times of famine and as dog food. Other topics include the market in "used" older or lame horses among the peasantry and their use as draught animals. The author characterizes the lack of horse-eating in England as an aversion rather than a taboo.
- Published
- 2013
15. Contribuciones a la historia socio-ecológica de la culinaria de Isla Fuerte: la superación de la dualidad naturaleza-cultura a través del análisis de tres preparaciones tradicionales de la comida isleña.
- Author
-
Bernal Restrepo, Javier Nicolás and Bernal Guevara, Francisco Javier
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletin de Antropologia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Abstracts.
- Subjects
PAINTERS ,RELIGIOUS archives ,COOKING ,HISTORY - Published
- 2019
17. The Culinary Gender Binary in an Era of Multiculturalism.
- Author
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Lallani, Shayan S.
- Subjects
- *
COOKING , *MULTICULTURALISM , *GENDER role , *CULTURAL pluralism , *IMMIGRANTS , *MASCULINITY , *FEMININITY , *HISTORY , *EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
This article uses oral histories to examine how migration affected the gender dynamics of foodwork carried out by late postwar Italian immigrants in Toronto. Culinary gender roles remained preserved as narrators journeyed to Toronto. However, by the twenty-first century when national discourse emphasized a multicultural Canada—the climax of the shift toward culinary pluralism—the narrators each embodied a range of food masculinities and femininities. They also described other motives to do partake in culinary labor that cannot be categorized by the traditional binary. A new paradigm that accounts for the experiences of migrants encountering the homogenizing forces of multiculturalism is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Denis Papin's digester and its eighteenth-century European circulation
- Author
-
Marco Storni
- Subjects
Sweden ,History ,Chemical research ,Cooker ,Chemical laboratory ,Rationalization (economics) ,Italy ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Work (electrical) ,High pressure ,Political science ,Economic history ,Circulation (currency) ,Meal preparation ,Cooking ,Netherlands - Abstract
The digester, invented by Denis Papin in the 1680s, was a rudimentary pressure cooker used to soften hard bodies by boiling them at high pressure. In this paper, I propose a reassessment of Papin's work on the digester, arguing that his research was located at the intersection of the chemical laboratory and cooking practice. I then examine cases from the eighteenth-century European circulation of the instrument in Sweden, Italy and the Netherlands in order to showcase the different practices in which the digester was embedded, including chemical research, philanthropic projects to feed the destitute, and proposals for the improvement of home cooking. The digester's history represents a key episode for demonstrating the intertwined nature of natural-philosophical research and the practice of economy or ‘thrift’. All users of the digester engaged in a rationalization of its functions through quantification, not only to fulfil a concern for precision but also to display the device's potential to reform practical daily life. The digester could save time and fuel, reduce material waste, make cooking easier and foster collective meal preparation for the needy.
- Published
- 2021
19. Iconic dishes, culture and identity: The Christmas pudding and its hundred years' journey in the USA, Australia, New Zealand and India.
- Author
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Chevalier, Natacha
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL character , *PLUM puddings , *COOKBOOKS , *COOKING , *COLONIES , *HISTORY - Abstract
Asserting that recipes are textual evidences reflecting the society that produced them, this article explores the evolution of the recipes of the iconic Christmas pudding in the USA, Australia, New Zealand and India between the mid-nineteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries. Combining a micro-analysis of the recipes and the cookbook that provided them with contemporary testimonies, the article observes the dynamics revealed by the preparation and consumption of the pudding in these different societies. The findings demonstrate the relevance of national iconic dishes to the study of notions of home, migration and colonization, as well as the development of a new society and identity. They reveal how the preservation, transformation and even rejection of a traditional dish can be representative of the complex and sometimes conflicting relationships between colonists, migrants or new citizens and the places they live in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Taste of Others: Soviet Adventures in Cosmopolitan Cuisines.
- Author
-
KOENKER, DIANE P.
- Subjects
- *
FOOD & culture , *TOURISM , *COOKING , *HISTORY , *TWENTIETH century ,SOVIET Union foreign relations ,SOVIET social conditions ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
The article focuses on the beginning of growth of cosmopolitan cuisines in Soviet Union after the Sixth International Youth Festival held in Moscow, Russia in 1957. It states that Soviet citizens in the post-Stalin Cold War needed to be knowledgeable about the world beyond their border, and mentions that tourism and travel helped break down borders by encouraging the consumption of alien foods. It notes that exotic and spicy dishes of Georgia challenged the primacy of Slavs and Europeans.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Meat in traditional Serbian cuisine.
- Author
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Baltic, Milan Z., Jelena, Janjic, Popovic, Milka, Baltic, Tatjana, Boskovic, Marija, Starcevic, Marija, and Sarcevic, Danijela
- Subjects
- *
MEAT , *SERBIAN cooking , *FOOD preservation , *FOOD supply , *TOURISM , *COOKING - Abstract
The use of meat in traditional Serbian cuisine can be divided into three periods. The first period is the time from the arrival of Slavs in the Balkans, through the Middle Ages to the early 19th century. The second period, the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, can be marked as special due to significant changes that impacted traditional Serbian cuisine, compared to the first period. It was a period during which the Europeanization of Serbia took place in all spheres of life, including cuisine. After World War II, Serbia and many surrounding countries eperienced a great surge in industrialization in all economic fields, including that of food production. The last sixty years has seen the globalization of our food supply, with food being transported globally from one part of the world to another, and which resulted in neglected traditional, local cuisines. Therefore, many countries, including Serbia, recognize a need for preserving traditional cuisine. This recognition has initiated several mechanisms for maintaining Europe's gastronomic heritage. Preservation of traditional cuisine in Serbia has special significance for tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Evolution of Mediterranean diets and cuisine: concepts and definitions.
- Author
-
Radd-Vagenas, Sue, Kouris-Blazos, Antigone, Singh, Maria Fiatarone, and Flood, Victoria M.
- Subjects
- *
MEDITERRANEAN diet , *COOKING , *PSYCHOLOGY , *BEVERAGES , *DAIRY products , *DIET , *FOOD habits , *MEAT , *EDIBLE plants , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *HISTORY - Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Mediterranean diet has been demonstrated to provide a range of health benefits in observational and clinical trials and adopted by various dietary guidelines. However, a broad range of definitions exist impeding synthesis across trials. This review aims to provide a historical description of Mediterranean diets, from the ancient to the modern, to inform future educational and diet index tool development representing the 'traditional' Mediterranean diet.Methods and Study Design: Nine databases were searched from inception to July 2015 to identify papers defining the Mediterranean diet. The definition accepted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was also reviewed.Results: The 'traditional' Mediterranean diet is described as high in unprocessed plant foods (grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts/seeds and extra virgin olive oil), moderate in fish/shellfish and wine and low in meat, dairy, eggs, animal fats and discretionary foods. Additional elements relating to cuisine and eating habits identified in this review include frequent intake of home cooked meals; use of moist, lower temperature, cooking methods; eating main meals in company; reduced snacking occasions; fasting practice; ownership of a vegetable garden; use of traditional foods and combinations; and napping after the midday meal.Conclusions: Scope exists for future tools to incorporate additional elements of the 'traditional' Mediterranean diet to improve the quality, consistency, and synthesis of ongoing research on the Mediterranean diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A monoclonal antibody for identifying capsaicin congeners in illegal cooking oil and its applications
- Author
-
Yuxiang Wu, Jie Liu, Jinzhi Yu, Jinqiu Zhuang, Fengyun Ma, Jing Tan, and Zhiqiang Shen
- Subjects
History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Formaldehyde ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Cooking ,Business and International Management ,Capsaicin ,Carrier Proteins ,Haptens ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
In this work, we studied the preparation of a high-affinity antibody and its immunochromatographic applications to simultaneously identify capsaicin(LJJ), dihydrocapsaicin(HLJ), nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and other congeners in illegal cooking oil. We used dihydrocapsaicin hapten-conjugated carrier protein BSA as the immunogen according to the formaldehyde method, and conjugated capsaicin and OVA as the coated detection antigen according to the formaldehyde method. We subsequently screened and cloned a hybridoma cell line 2B3 with the highest affinity, which could stably secrete monoclonal antibodies against compounds in the capsaicin family. We then established a capsaicin indirect ELISA standard curve, which was fitted using the linear regression equation R = 0.9987, curve y = -2.3x + 0.2, and IC
- Published
- 2022
24. Cookbooks in U.S. history: How do they reflect food safety from 1896 to 2014?
- Author
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Almanza, Barbara A., Byrd, Karen S., Behnke, Carl, Ma, Jing, and Ge, Li
- Subjects
- *
COOKBOOKS , *FOOD safety , *COOKING , *FOOD habits , *KITCHEN equipment , *HISTORY , *FOOD contamination prevention , *FOOD poisoning prevention , *TEXTBOOKS -- History , *FOOD microbiology , *FOOD handling , *FOOD poisoning , *HEALTH attitudes , *PRODUCT safety , *EVALUATION research - Abstract
Historical cookbooks as a source of recipes and food preparation information would be expected to document advancements in food safety related to kitchen equipment, cleaning, foodborne illness knowledge, and consumer education materials. In turn, this food safety information might be expected to contribute to consumers' food safety behaviors. Using both quantitative and qualitative research methodology, this study assessed how food safety information in cookbooks changed and how quickly advancements were incorporated. Faster assimilation into cookbooks was associated with kitchen equipment, educational resources (hotlines and websites), and foodborne illness outbreaks. The rate of incorporation of education materials was moderate. Cleaning advances were the slowest to be incorporated. Modern cookbooks published after the 1980's rapidly evolved with advances in food safety knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Neanderthal Cooking and the Costs of Fire.
- Author
-
Henry, Amanda G.
- Subjects
- *
NEANDERTHALS , *FIRE , *COOKING history , *COOKING , *CULTURE , *HISTORY ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
While it is clear that Neanderthals used fire for cooking their foods in some times and places, the record of their use of fire is somewhat patchy. We should not assume that Neanderthals had the same relationship with fire that we do; as a technological/cultural behavior, fire may be better understood as a tool that was used only when the costs of manufacture and maintenance were outweighed by the benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. "The Goal That Was Made Cannot Be Countermanded": The 1947 Winnipeg Hadassah Shoppers' Guide and Cook Book.
- Author
-
Sarbit, Bruce
- Subjects
- *
NONPROFIT organizations , *JEWISH organizations , *COOKING , *HISTORY , *ECONOMIC history - Abstract
The article examines the 1947 "Hadassah Shoppers' Guide and Cookbook" from the Winnipeg Council which focuses on the Jewish organization Canadian Hadassah WIZO (CHW). Topics include the history of CHW, the role of food and cooking in the society, and how cookbooks can reveal family and religious values, culinary culture, and domestic economy. Also discussed are CHW's programs and activities, contents of the cookbook, and its goals.
- Published
- 2017
27. Newspaper debates on milk fats and vegetable oils in Finland, 1978-2013: An analysis of conflicts over risks, expertise, evidence and pleasure.
- Author
-
Jallinoja, Piia, Jauho, Mikko, and Mäkelä, Johanna
- Subjects
- *
MILKFAT , *VEGETABLE oils , *FAT , *PUBLIC health , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *ACQUISITION of data , *PHYSIOLOGY , *CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention , *ANIMAL experimentation , *BUTTER , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *CUSTOMER satisfaction , *COOKING , *FAT content of food , *FOOD preferences , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *HISTORY , *LIPIDS , *MILK , *NUTRITION , *PLEASURE , *TASTE , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *JOB performance , *RELATIVE medical risk , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The study analysed public debates on the association of milk fats, vegetable oils and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) between 1978 and 2013 in Finland, a country with a decades-long history of public health initiatives targeting fat consumption. The main agendas, conflicts and participants were analysed. The data were collected from the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat and consisted of 52 threads and 250 texts. We identified four themes around which there were repeated, often overlapping conflicts: the health risks of saturated fats, expertise of the risks of fat consumption, the adequate evidence of the risks of fat consumption, and framing the fat question. During the research period, the main arguments of the effects of consumption of fats have remained the same. References to epidemiological and intervention studies and framing of the fat question as a public health issue, have been ongoing, as has the definition of what constitutes genuine expertise. Yet, we also found discontinuities. In the early 2000s new emphases began to emerge: personal experiences were increasingly presented as evidence of the effects of dietary choices on human health, and the question of fat consumption was framed either as one of enjoyment or of a consumers' right to choose rather than only being a public health question. Moreover, new professional groups such as chefs and creative professionals now joined the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Russian Cuisine in Exile
- Author
-
VAIL, PYOTR, GENIS, ALEXANDER, BRINTLINGER, ANGELA, FEERICK, THOMAS, VAIL, PYOTR, GENIS, ALEXANDER, BRINTLINGER, ANGELA, and FEERICK, THOMAS
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Between Two Worlds
- Author
-
McDonald, Hamish and O'Grady, Desmond
- Published
- 2010
30. Cincinnati Food : A History of Queen City Cuisine
- Author
-
Polly Campbell and Polly Campbell
- Subjects
- History, Restaurants--History.--Ohio--Cincinnati, Food--History.--Ohio--Cincinnati, Cooking--History.--Ohio--Cincinnati, Cooking, Food, Restaurants
- Abstract
“The comprehensive guide offers a glimpse into the lives of Cincinnatians throughout history, through the lens of food.” —Cincinnati Magazine Over the years, Cincinnati has earned a reputation for conservatism and keeping to itself, especially regarding food, but that's changing. Old favorites like cinnamon-scented chili on spaghetti, ice cream with huge chocolate chunks and old-fashioned German butchers selling goetta, brats and metts are being rediscovered—and in some cases re-created. A similar urge for experimentation and innovation from restaurants, farmers'markets and food producers is bringing new energy to the city's tables. Gathering the stories of the pioneers and the entrepreneurs of the past and the present, Enquirer food critic Polly Campbell unfolds how Cincinnati's history has set the table for its menu today. “Whether it's a plate full of cinnamon-scented chili on spaghetti, or skillets frying up goetta, or other uniquely Cincinnati staples, Campbell's book will leave your mouth watering for a taste of home.” —WVXU News
- Published
- 2007
31. Arsenolipids in raw and cooked seafood products in southwest China: A non-targeted analysis
- Author
-
Qingqing Liu, Mingjun Wu, and Min Jiang
- Subjects
History ,Environmental Engineering ,Polymers and Plastics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Fatty Acids ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Lipids ,Pollution ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Hydrocarbons ,Arsenic ,Seafood ,Environmental Chemistry ,Cooking ,Business and International Management - Abstract
Arsenolipids are the primary form of arsenic in the fat of marine organisms. Because seafood is a common source of arsenic exposure and some arsenolipids are toxic, studying the abundance and species of arsenolipids in seafood is crucial for health risk assessment. Current arsenolipid research is confined by analytical techniques and limited to raw seafood analysis, despite the fact that most seafood is ingested cooked. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate which seafood contributes to arsenolipid dietary intake and investigate the changes in arsenolipids before and after cooking. In Chongqing, China, popular seafood such as clam, shrimp, oyster, abalone, hairtail, and yellow croaker were collected. The raw and cooked samples prepared from these seafood products were examined using a non-targeted screening approach established for arsenolipids, which coupled high-performance liquid chromatography with data-independent high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC330, AsHC332, and AsHC360), arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFA362, AsFA390, AsFA404, AsFA418, and AsFA422), trimethylarsine oxide, and thiolated trimethylarsinic acid were detected. The species of arsenolipids in each type of seafood remained intact after heating in the microwave oven. In cooked samples, the concentrations of AsFA362 and AsFA390 were significantly lower than in raw samples, whereas the concentrations of other arsenolipids were unchanged. Microwave cooking did not result in the thiolation of the detected arsenolipids. The most detected species in raw and cooked samples were AsFA362, AsFA390, and AsFA418. Most arsenolipid species were found in the highest levels in hairtails and yellow croakers. It is the first time that arsenolipids have been found in the oyster, abalone, abalone liver, and yellow croaker. The present study contributes to a better understanding of arsenolipids exposure from seafood, which is useful for assessing the health risks of arsenic.
- Published
- 2022
32. Food: The Sichuan compromise
- Author
-
Lieblich, Samuel M
- Published
- 2013
33. Japanese Tea Culture
- Author
-
Kumakura, Isao and McClintock, Martha J.
- Subjects
Art ,Asian ,Japanese ,Cooking ,Beverages ,Coffee & Tea ,History ,Asia ,Japan ,bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AC History of art / art & design styles ,bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WB Cookery / food & drink etc::WBX Beverages::WBXN Non-alcoholic beverages ,bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJF Asian history - Abstract
Why is the tea-room entrance, or nijiriguchi, so narrow? How did the practice of “passing the bowl,” or mawashinomi, come about? And what hidden meaning lies behind the ritual purification of hands and mouth, or chōzu? Chanoyu, the art of preparing tea, developed against a backdrop of social turmoil in late medieval Japan. Through the singular figure of Sen no Rikyū, it found expression as wabi-cha, or wabi tea, the foundation of Japanese tea culture today. Here, scholar and curator Kumakura Isao investigates the unique cultural value of tea. He examines its rituals and behaviors, elaborates its structure, spaces, and style, and delves into the history of everything from the tea whisk to the tea room itself. Drawing on folklore studies and performing-arts history, Kumakura develops a new perspective on Japan’s culture of tea.
- Published
- 2023
34. Revistas, consumos, alimentación y saberes femeninos. La propuesta de Damas y Damitas, Argentina, 1939-1944.
- Author
-
Caldo, Paula
- Subjects
COOKING education ,WOMEN'S magazines ,CONSUMERS ,HOME economics ,PUBLISHING ,LIFESTYLES ,HISTORY - Abstract
Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
35. De gallo peregrino, the wandering cock
- Author
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Bahuchet, Serge
- Subjects
food and foodways ,Europe ,cooking ,introduction ,husbandry ,Anthropology ,turkey ,history ,GN1-890 ,discovery - Abstract
This paper considers the conditions and consequences of the discovery of the turkey Meleagris gallopavo L. (Phasianideae). I try to define how this new animal will be inserted into the European languages, through terminology, into the scientific knowledge, and into uses and practices, planning to specify steps of its acceptance into the European food corpus. For this inquiry, I analyze chronologically successive written evidences, i. e. archives discovered by historians, as well as books (about cooking, agriculture) and dictionaries, in order to underline the steps of the adoption of the turkey in our European civilization (Spain, Italy, France and England).
- Published
- 2021
36. A-Maize-ing Maize: The History of Corn.
- Author
-
Fischer, Nan
- Subjects
CORN ,SWEET corn ,CORN as food ,PLANT genetics ,FARMERS ,HISTORY ,COOKING - Published
- 2017
37. Back-to-Basics FRENCH BREAD.
- Author
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Rubel, William
- Subjects
- *
BREAD , *COOKBOOKS , *PUDDINGS , *TOAST (Bread) , *HISTORY , *COOKING - Abstract
The article focuses on the French bread recipe history using classic American and English cookbooks and along with a recipe for Basic French Bread. Topics discussed include use of French bread in several recipes such as preparation of British sippet, butter and bread pudding and cinnamon toast on winter mornings. It refers two books "Joy of Cooking" and "Boston Cooking-School Cook Book" containing bread recipe.
- Published
- 2016
38. Poor Fella My Pantry
- Author
-
Lucashenko, Melissa
- Published
- 2008
39. Cooking, the Public Space and Gender: Work in Hotel Kitchens (Mar del Plata, second half of the 20th Century)
- Author
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Débora Garazi
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Historia y Arqueología ,History ,trabalho ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Thesaurus: cooking ,trabajo ,public space ,lcsh:D1-2009 ,Historia ,gênero ,HUMANIDADES ,domestic space public space ,work ,espacio público ,gender ,doméstico ,profissão ,profession ,cocina ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https] ,cooking ,espaço público ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,profesión ,gender. Author: domestic space ,GENERO ,lcsh:History (General) ,cozinha ,PROFESION ,espaço doméstico ,lcsh:D ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 [https] ,género ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Objetivo/contexto: El artículo aborda las formas en que se articularon cocina, espacio público y género, a partir del análisis del trabajo en la cocina del sector hotelero en la ciudad de Mar del Plata (Argentina) en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Originalidad: En Argentina, usualmente los estudios históricos se han enfocado en las cocinas domésticas y en las experiencias de trabajo que se daban en ellas asociadas a las figuras tanto del ama de casa como del servicio doméstico. Sin embargo, en este artículo el interés se ha centrado en el trabajo realizado en cocinas pertenecientes a hoteles de distintas categorías, lo cual permite visibilizar las tensiones que se generan cuando una actividad tradicionalmente asociada al mundo doméstico se efectúa en la esfera pública y “productiva”. En ese sentido, permite dar cuenta de las jerarquías establecidas dentro de la actividad, ancladas en el género de quien la ejecutaba y una “fragmentación” del saber culinario entre la gran o alta cocina y las cocinas domésticas o cotidianas. Metodología: La investigación siguió una metodología de tipo cualitativo. Se articularon datos provenientes de un fragmentado y heterogéneo conjunto de fuentes: entrevistas, Convenios Colectivos de Trabajo (CCT), manuales de hotelería, sentencias judiciales de tribunales de trabajo y avisos clasificados. Conclusiones: Se arribó a la conclusión de que en la hotelería marplatense se ponía de manifiesto, aun en una misma área, una división sexual del trabajo que reactualizaba la oposición domesticidad femenina versus productividad masculina, propia de la modernidad. En el espacio público las mujeres podían estar a cargo de una cocina cuando la actividad no distaba demasiado de la escala doméstica, mientras que cuando la actividad alcanzaba volúmenes “industriales” era exclusiva de los varones. Cocinar era un trabajo femenino, a la vez que una profesión masculina. Objective/context: This article deals with the way in which cooking, the public space and gender were linked, on the basis of an analysis of work in the kitchens of the hotel sector in the city of Mar del Plata (Argentina), in the second half of the 20th century. Originality: In Argentina, historical studies have usually focused on domestic kitchens and the working experiences which took place in them, which were associated with the figures of both the housewife and the domestic servant. However, in this article, our interest is focused on the work undertaken in kitchens belonging to hotels of different categories, which enables us to make visible the tensions which arise when an activity traditionally associated with the domestic sphere is carried out in the public and “productive” sphere. In that regard, it provides us with an understanding of the hierarchies established in this activity, which were anchored in the gender of the person who carried it out, and the “splitting” of culinary knowledge between haute cuisine and domestic or everyday cooking. Methodology: This investigation followed a qualitative kind of methodology. Data gathered from a fragmented and heterogeneous set of sources were linked: interviews, collective bargaining agreements, manuals of the hotel industry, the rulings of labor courts and classified ads. Conclusions: We reached the conclusion that the hotel trade in Mar del Plata clearly showed a sexual division of labor, even in the same field, which reaffirmed the opposition between female domesticity versus male productivity which is characteristic of modernity. In the public space, women were allowed to run a kitchen when the activity was not that different from that done on the domestic scale, but when the activity reached “industrial” volumes, it was the exclusive province of men. For women, cooking was a job, while for men it was a profession. Objetivo/contexto: este artigo aborda as formas em que se articularam cozinha, espaço público e gênero, a partir da análise do trabalho na cozinha do setor hoteleiro na cidade de Mar del Plata (na Argentina), durante a segunda metade do século XX. Originalidade: na Argentina, normalmente, os estudos históricos se enfocaram nas cozinhas domésticas e nas experiências de trabalho que ocorriam nelas e que eram associadas tanto à figura de dona de casa quanto à de serviço doméstico. Contudo, neste artigo, o interesse foi enfocado no trabalho realizado em cozinhas de hotéis de diferentes categorias, o que permite dar visibilidade às tensões que são geradas quando uma atividade tradicionalmente associada ao mundo doméstico é concretizada na esfera pública e “produtiva”. Assim, é possível perceber as hierarquias estabelecidas dentro da atividade, ligadas ao gênero de quem a executava e uma “fragmentação” do saber culinário entre a grande ou alta cozinha e as cozinhas domésticas ou cotidianas. Metodologia: a pesquisa seguiu uma metodologia de tipo qualitativo. Foram associados dados provenientes de um conjunto de fontes fragmentado e heterogêneo: entrevistas, Convenção Coletiva de Trabalho (CCT), manuais de hotelaria, sentenças judiciais de tribunais de trabalho e anúncios classificados. Conclusões: chegamos à conclusão de que, na hotelaria de Mar del Plata, se evidenciava, ainda que em uma mesma área, uma divisão sexual do trabalho que atualizava novamente a oposição “domesticidade feminina” versus “produtividade masculina”, própria da modernidade. No espaço público, as mulheres podiam estar a cargo de uma cozinha, mas apenas quando a atividade não se distanciava muito da escala doméstica, porém, quando a atividade alcançava volumes “industriais”, era exclusiva dos homens. Cozinhar era um trabalho feminino, enquanto uma profissão masculina.
- Published
- 2019
40. Rudolf Agstner (Hrsg.): Arbeiten und Leben am Hof Haile Selassies I. Lore Trenkler: Erinnerungen 1960-1975
- Author
-
Hanna Rubinkowska
- Subjects
History ,Autobiography ,Politics ,Food ,Cooking ,Haile Selassie ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Review
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Gender, Ernährung und Gesundheit. Gegenwärtige Fragestellungen und historische Annäherungen.
- Author
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Pfaff, Aaron
- Subjects
- *
HISTORY of nutrition , *NUTRITION conferences , *MEN , *WOMEN'S nutrition , *MEAT industry , *COOKING , *VICTIMS of famine , *HISTORY , *NUTRITION ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
The article presents a report from a June 25-26, 2015 conference in Stuttgart, Germany hosted by the history of medicine department of the Robert Bosch Stiftung endowment on the historical relationship between gender, nutrition, and health. Topics of presentations delivered included the relationship between gender and patterns of meat consumption in the 19th and 20th centuries, gendered aspects of food preperation in antiquity, and gendered aspects of the English famine of 1315 to 1322.
- Published
- 2015
42. Meat traditions. The co-evolution of humans and meat.
- Author
-
Leroy, Frédéric and Praet, Istvan
- Subjects
- *
MEAT , *COEVOLUTION , *SLAUGHTERING , *SOCIAL stratification , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *FOOD habits , *COOKING - Abstract
The debate on the future of meat centres on recent environmental, economical, ethical, and health issues, whereas historical dimensions are all too often overlooked. The fiery discussions are nevertheless affected by an underlying legacy of “meat traditions” and accompanying hunting, slaughtering, eating, and sharing activities, rituals, and rites. Eating meat is a biocultural activity. Therefore, a closer inspection of the evolutionary, collective, and semiotic aspects of meat in human societies is required. This study ventures such an exploration based on a heuristic model inspired by Maslow's pyramid of needs, distinguishing between physiological, security, community, value, and holistic levels. Besides the potential relevance of an innate craving, it is argued that meat has interfered with the development of fundamental human characteristics, both as a physical and conceptual resource. This relates, amongst others, to elements of gender differentiation, cooperation and reciprocity, social stratification and power, religion, cultural expression, and identity. As such, meat traditions provide a basis for evolutionary and long-term social processes, on which more recent and shallow courses of action are superposed, affecting contemporary behaviour. Several research questions were identified to further explore and anticipate the impact of meat on human populations and their societal and economic functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Good food and bad: Nutritional and pleasurable eating in ancient Greece.
- Author
-
Wilkins, John
- Subjects
- *
TRADITIONAL medicine , *PHILOSOPHY of medicine , *EDIBLE plants , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *MEDICINAL plants , *BOOKS , *COOKING , *ETHICS , *BOTANIC medicine , *NUTRITION , *SOCIAL values , *TASTE , *TERMS & phrases , *HISTORY - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance This paper speaks to the theme of the boundaries of food and medicine as constructed in the Greek and Roman worlds. It examines how physicians developed innovative ways of thinking about the body that did not attribute health and sickness to the intervention of gods. Ancient physicians and natural historians conceived of new potencies for substances and described their impact on the body׳s physiology between the late fifth century BC and the early third century AD. The legacy of these ideas and practices had great traction in the Mediterranean world and survived into Early Modern Times, and until the rise of new forms of science. Materials and methods This article analyses texts transmitted from the ancient world and considers how substances were attributed nutritional and medical potency. The texts relevant to this analysis include medical and philosophical treatises as well as cookery books. The article highlights discussions about the nature of food and drugs and the herbs thought to cross the boundaries between them. It interrogates different contexts within which foods were thought good or bad for the body, and the social and moral connotations attached to those perceptions. Conclusion Much of the analysis is devoted to understanding the flavours that were a key marker in the nutritional potencies attributed to foodstuffs. However there are clear and influential moral boundaries set by Plato in the discourse around food and pleasure. While every physician should be a chef, and many wrote cookery books that have been lost, a chef׳s talent was located in increasing pleasure, and therefore a less valuable skill. However the different literary genres show overlapping terminology and concerns, particularly with the quality of ingredients. Poor taste was not only a culinary concern. With regard to the setting of boundaries between foods and medicines, the transition between one category and another is frequently determined by the preparation and strengthening of a food׳s potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Health, wellness and the allure of spices in the Middle Ages.
- Author
-
Freedman, Paul
- Subjects
- *
SPICES , *TRADITIONAL medicine , *CULTURAL values , *BOOKS , *CONSUMER attitudes , *COOKING , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises , *RITES & ceremonies , *SOCIAL values , *SPIRITUALITY , *HISTORY , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Ethnopharmocological relevance During the European Middle Ages aromatic products imported from Asia and Africa were credited with both preventive and curative medical properties. In addition spices provided an image of wellness and as they were expensive and had many uses in cuisine and fragrance, they functioned as prestige consumer goods. Materials and methods This is an effort to look historically at a social and cultural phenomenon for the period roughly A.D. 1200–1500. Sources of information about the demand for and uses of spices include lists of materia medica, medical treatises, cookbooks, religious writings, descriptions of banquets and court ceremonial and literary works showing what might be called aspirational lifestyles. Results It is important to focus on the demand side of the spice trade rather than simply assuming a consistent demand and looking only at the supply (prices, routes, for example). Conclusions The demand for spices must be understood in terms of their attributed medical and wellness powers, but these in turn are related to the mysterious Eastern origins of spices that enhanced their image as elite consumer products and their association with spiritual as well as medical healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. In the shadow of a pepper-centric historiography: Understanding the global diffusion of capsicums in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
- Author
-
Halikowski Smith, Stefan
- Subjects
- *
MEDICINAL plants , *HOT peppers , *BIOFLAVONOIDS , *COOKING , *DIFFUSION of innovations , *HISTORICAL research , *HORTICULTURE , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises , *TASTE , *VITAMIN C , *HISTORY - Abstract
Historians of the Eurasian spice trade focus on the fortunes of black pepper (Piper Nigrum L. ) , largely because the trading companies of the Dutch and English which they study also did. Capsicum peppers are, however, the world׳s most consumed spice, and their story needs to be told in parallel. The five species of capsicum peppers spread across the world in less than two hundred years following their discovery by Europeans in South and Central America and proved both hardier than Piper nigrum and able to reproduce spontaneously. While the taste was similar but more pungent than black pepper, capsicums provided an important vitamin C and bioflavanoid supplement to poorer people in southern and eastern Europe far from the precepts of good taste as dictated from Paris, and rapidly became a mainstay of tropical cuisine across the world. This contribution seeks both to trace and to understand that diffusion and its principal vectors from historical research amongst a plethora of primary source materials in European and Asian languages. Medical and dietetic reaction is presented from a wide range of contemporary texts. The work proceeds according to deductive reasoning and in comparison to the diffusion of black pepper consumption. It reveals the very different strategies of import substitution and commercial embargo undertaken by Portuguese and Spanish authorities, a somewhat later date of arrival in China than previously thought, and three different, competing lines of entry into an important area of later cultivation, namely Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Scent and synaesthesia: The medical use of spice bags in early China.
- Author
-
Lu, Di and Lo, Vivienne
- Subjects
- *
TRADITIONAL medicine , *CHINESE medicine , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *COOKING , *HEALTH , *HISTORICAL research , *MEDICINAL plants , *PERFUMES , *RITES & ceremonies , *SPICES , *TASTE , *HISTORY - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance The history of Chinese spices has received increasing attention in recent years, but little research been carried out on where they fit on the food-medicine continuum for early China, during the formation of the classical medical system. This paper describes how the synaesthetic qualities of spices attracted a particular analysis in that emerging system which serves to mark them as different to other medical materials and foodstuffs. We aim to clarify the special role created for spices to accommodate their boundary-crossing synaesthetic action on the body. Material and methods This paper analyses the contents of several spice bags excavated in 1972 from a tomb that was closed in the second century BCE. It uses archaeological reports of material culture together with the early Chinese textual record, extant in both manuscripts and received texts, to bring out the role of spices in ritual, food and medicine. Results Noting that the flavours and aromas of early China were assigned physiological potency in the first centuries BCE, we argue that by medieval times the unique synaesthetic role that spices played in mediating the senses was systematically medicalised. While being deployed for the purpose of curing disease in medicine, they also remained within the realm of everyday healthcare, and religious practice, deployed both as aromatics to perfume the environment, attracting benign spirits, but also to ward off the agents of disease, as well as for enhancing health through their use in cookery. Conclusion While foodstuffs entered the digestive system spices were all considered ‘pungent’ in the emerging clasical medical system. They acted on the body through the nose and lungs, making them neither food nor drug. This implicit categorisation medicalised spices which, like music, could affect the passions and lighten the spirit, codifying observations about the impact on the body of the ritual environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The Roman and Islamic spice trade: New archaeological evidence.
- Author
-
Van der Veen, Marijke and Morales, Jacob
- Subjects
- *
SALES personnel , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *COOKING , *GINGER , *HISTORICAL research , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises , *ISLAM , *PERFUMES , *PRACTICAL politics , *RITES & ceremonies , *TIME , *SPICES , *TRADITIONAL medicine , *TURMERIC , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *HISTORY , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Tropical spices have long been utilized in traditional medicine and cuisine. New archaeological evidence highlights temporal changes in the nature and scale of the ancient spice trade and in the ancient usage of these plants. Furthermore, a study of their ‘materiality’ highlights that the impact of spices extends beyond their material properties. Here the botanical remains of spices recovered from archaeological excavations at a port active in the Roman and medieval Islamic spice trade are evaluated. Materials and methods Recent excavations at Quseir al-Qadim, an ancient port located on the Red Sea coast of Egypt, have provided new evidence for the spice trade. Due to the arid conditions ancient botanical remains were preserved in abundance and these included spices, as well as a wide range of other food plants. Quseir al-Qadim was active as a transport hub during both the Roman and Islamic periods (ca. AD 1–250, known as Myos Hormos, and again during ca. AD 1050–1500, known as Kusayr), and the remains thus facilitate a study of temporal change in the trade and usage of these spices. Standard archaeobotanical methods were used to recover, identify and analyze these remains. Results At least seven tropical spices were recovered from the excavations, as well as several other tropical imports, including black pepper ( Piper nigrum ), ginger ( Zingiber officinale ), cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum ), turmeric ( Curcuma sp.), fagara (cf. Tetradium ruticarpum ), myrobalan ( Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula ) and betelnut ( Areca catechu ). A marked contrast between the two chronological periods in the range of spices recovered points to changes in the nature and scale of the trade between the Roman and medieval Islamic periods, while differences in the contexts from which they were recovered help to identify temporal changes in the way in which the spices were utilized during those periods. Conclusion Archaeological and textual evidence suggest that in antiquity spices were used in ritual (funeral rites, offerings), in perfumery, and in medicinal remedies, with black pepper the only tropical spice regularly employed in cuisine. By the medieval period the culinary role of spices had grown significantly, both in the Middle East and in Europe, while retaining their importance in medicinal applications. In both time periods they were luxuries available only to the upper strata of society, but the material properties of spices and their elite status made them desirable to a wider section of society. In their pursuit of spices people became entangled in a meshwork of relationships, altered social realities and political power struggles. Globalization is one such entanglement, highlighting that the potency of spices goes far beyond their ability to stimulate our taste buds, delight our sense of smell and cure our ailments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Panfish.
- Author
-
Herman, Bernard L.
- Subjects
- *
SPOT (Fish) , *MARINE fishes , *FISH as food , *SOUNDS (Geomorphology) , *HISTORY , *COOKING - Abstract
The article offers information on the saltwater fish called spot which is common in the lower Chesapeake and in North Carolina's sounds. Topics discussed include the spot's culinary associations which are integrated into the history of the place. Also discussed are the results of a late 1880s surveys of the diets of African American families in the Virginia Tidewater and the process of preparing the fish for cooking.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. VENEZUELA, CACAO Y CHOCOLATE: UNA HERENCIA, UN TESORO Y UNA OPORTUNIDAD DE NEGOCIOS.
- Author
-
Di Giacobbe, María Fernanda
- Subjects
- *
COCOA industry , *CHOCOLATE industry , *CACAO , *CHOCOLATE , *VENEZUELAN cooking , *BUSINESS enterprises , *HISTORY , *COOKING - Abstract
El artículo discurre sobre el uso de cacao y chocolate en la comida venezolana. La autora presenta una breve historia del cacao en Venezuela y describe la importancia económica de la planta para el país. También se considera el desarrollo de corporativas y nuevas empresas que han reformado las plantaciones de cacao, una causa de gran controversia.
- Published
- 2015
50. Os doces frutos da colônia: flora, conservas e compotas na América portuguesa quinhentista.
- Author
-
Oliveros, Julianna Morcelli and dos Santos, Christian Fausto Moraes
- Subjects
- *
COOKING history , *COLONISTS , *PLANTS , *TROPICAL fruit , *JAM (Preserves) , *COMPOSITION of sugarcane , *HISTORY of colonization , *SIXTEENTH century , *HISTORY , *COOKING ,BRAZILIAN history - Abstract
One of the greatest challenges for European settlers in 16th century Portuguese America was the adaptation to the new environment, especially with regard to food. Food was generally that available on native soil. Tropical fruits were several, coupled to sugar from sugar-cane plantations and mills. The environmental and flora dynamics were greatly relevant in the process of fixing the settlers to the place as the values attributed to these food and to sugar in the New World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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