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• 2-Methyldecanenitrile; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1,1-Dihexyloxyhexane; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Isopropyl cinnamate; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 4,8-Undecadienenitrile, (4Z,8Z)-; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Benzonitrile; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-Furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-, ethyl ester; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Xylene (mixed); a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• δ-Dodecalactone; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• S-(1-Methylpropyl) 3-methylbut-2-enethioate; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 4-Isopropyl-1-methyl-2-propenylbenzene; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• δ-Undecalactone; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-Ethylfuran; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• sec -Butyl ethyl ether; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. Butyl lactate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog ethyl (L)-lactate (CAS # 687-47-8) show that butyl lactate is not expected to be genotoxic. Data on read-across materials butyl alcohol (CAS # 71-36-3) and lactic acid (CAS # 50-21-5) provide a calculated margin of exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose and reproductive toxicity endpoints. The skin sensitization endpoint was completed using the dermal sensitization threshold (DST) for non-reactive materials (900 μg/cm2); exposure is below the DST. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet (UV) spectra; butyl lactate is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. Data on butyl lactate provide a calculated MOE >100 for the local respiratory endpoint. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; butyl lactate was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1. • Butyl lactate; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 3-(Methylthio)-1-hexanol; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cyclopropanemethanol, 1-methyl-2-[[(1R,3R)-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl]methyl]-, (1R,2R)-; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. Hexadeca-1,5-lactone was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from the target material and read-across analog hydroxynonanoic acid, δ-lactone (CAS # 3301-94-8) show that hexadeca-1,5-lactone is not expected to be genotoxic. Data from analog δ-decalactone (CAS # 705-86-2) provide a calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose and reproductive toxicity endpoints. Data from analog δ-octalactone (CAS # 698-76-0) show that there are no safety concerns for skin sensitization under the current declared levels of use. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet (UV) spectra; hexadeca-1,5-lactone is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material; exposure is below the TTC (1.4 mg/day). For the hazard assessment based on the screening data, hexadeca-1,5-lactone is not Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards. Hexadeca-1,5-lactone could not be risk screened as there were no reported volumes of use for either North America or Europe in the 2015 IFRA Survey. • Hexadeca-1,5-lactone; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. 6-Nonenenitrile, (Z)- (9CI) was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog 3-(cis-3-hexenyloxy)propanenitrile (CAS # 142653-61-0) show that 6-nonenenitrile, (Z)- (9CI) is not expected to be genotoxic. The repeated dose, reproductive, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class III material, and the exposure to 6-nonenenitrile, (Z)- (9CI) is below the TTC (0.0015 mg/kg/day, 0.0015 mg/kg/day, and 0.47 mg/day, respectively). Data from read-across analog 3-(cis-3-hexenyloxy)propanenitrile (CAS # 142653-61-0) show that there are no safety concerns for 6-nonenenitrile, (Z)- (9CI) for skin sensitization under the current declared levels of use. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet (UV) spectra; 6-nonenenitrile, (Z)- (9CI) is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; 6-nonenenitrile, (Z)- (9CI) was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1. • 6-Nonenenitrile, (Z)- (9CI); a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1,2-Cyclopentanedione, 3,4,4-trimethyl-; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Lavandulyl acetate; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Acetaldehyde dihexyl acetal; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cyclopropanemethanol, 1-methyl-2-[(1,2,2-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl)methyl]-; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. 5- and 6-Decenoic acid was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog oleic acid (CAS # 112-80-1) show that 5- and 6-decenoic acid is not expected to be genotoxic. The repeated dose, reproductive, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were evaluated using the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to 5- and 6-decenoic acid is below the TTC (0.03 mg/kg/day, 0.03 mg/kg/day, and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). The skin sensitization endpoint was completed using the dermal sensitization threshold (DST) for non-reactive materials (900 μg/cm2); exposure is below the DST. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectra; 5- and 6-decenoic acid is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; 5- and 6-decenoic acid was found not to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1. • 5- and 6-Decenoic acid; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• δ-Decalactone; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. Ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog methyl undec-10-enoate (CAS # 111-81-9) show that ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate is not expected to be genotoxic. The repeated dose, reproductive, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were evaluated using the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate is below the TTC (0.03 mg/kg/day, 0.03 mg/kg/day, and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). The skin sensitization endpoint was completed using the Dermal Sensitization Threshold (DST) for non-reactive materials (900 μg/cm2); exposure is below the DST. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectra; ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1. • Ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dimethyl disulfide; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1-Octene; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Benzyl trans -2-methyl-2-butenoate; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-Prenylcyclopentanone; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• o -Cresol; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Isobutyraldehyde; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-Methylbutyraldehyde; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cyclohexanone diethyl ketal; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ethyl trans-4-decenoate; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-Ethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-norbornanol; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-dione; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• m -Cresol; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Acetaldehyde cyclic propylene glycol acetal; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-Nonanol; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-Hexanol; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Farnesal; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. 7,9-Dimethylspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that 7,9-dimethylspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one is not genotoxic. The repeated dose, reproductive, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class II material, and the exposure to 7,9-dimethylspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one is below the TTC (0.009 mg/kg/day, 0.009 mg/kg/day, and 0.47 mg/day, respectively). Based on the existing data and readacross material spiro[5.5]undec-8-en-1-one, 2,2,7,9-tetramethyl- (CAS # 502847-01-0), 7,9-dimethylspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one presents no concern for skin sensitization under the current, declared levels of use. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on data and ultraviolet (UV) spectra; 7,9-dimethylspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one is not phototoxic/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; 7,9-dimethylspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1. • 7,9-Dimethylspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. Glyceryl monooleate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that glyceryl monooleate is not genotoxic. Data on glyceryl monooleate provide a calculated margin of exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity endpoints. The skin sensitization endpoint was completed using the dermal sensitization threshold (DST) for reactive materials (64 μg/cm2); exposure is below the DST. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet (UV) spectra; glyceryl monooleate is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was evaluated using the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to glyceryl monooleate is below the TTC (1.4 mg/day). The environmental endpoints were evaluated; glyceryl monooleate was found not to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use (VoU) in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1. • Glyceryl monooleate; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene and read-across analog myrcene (β-myrcene; CAS # 123-35-3) show that 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene is not expected to be genotoxic and provide a calculated margin of exposure (MOE) >100 for the repeated dose toxicity and developmental and reproductive toxicity endpoints. The skin sensitization endpoint was completed using the dermal sensitization threshold (DST) for non-reactive materials (900 μg/cm 2); exposure is below the DST. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet (UV) spectra; 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6- octatriene is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was evaluated using the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene is below the TTC (1.4 mg/day). The environmental endpoints were evaluated; 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6- octatriene was found not to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental oncentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1. • 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• p -Ethylphenol; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dihydroisocaryophyllene epoxide; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)tetrahydrofuran; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. p -Tolualdehyde was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog benzaldehyde (CAS # 100-52-7) show that p- tolualdehyde is not expected to be genotoxic. Data from read-across analog cuminaldehyde (CAS # 122-03-2) provided p- tolualdehyde a No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESIL) of 1100 μg/cm2 for the skin sensitization endpoint. The repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were completed using the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to p- tolualdehyde is below the TTC (0.03 mg/kg/day, 0.03 mg/kg/day, and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on data from read-across analog 4-ethylbenzaldehyde (CAS # 4748-78-1); p- tolualdehyde is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; p -tolualdehyde was found not to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1. • p -Tolualdehyde; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spiro[bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2,5'-[1,3]dioxane], 2′,2′,3,7,7-pentamethyl-, (1α,3α,6α)-; a safety assessment based on RIFM's criteria. • A safety assessment based on 7 human health endpoints plus environmental. • All endpoints were cleared using target data, read-across, and/or TTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]