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1. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies three novel loci for circulating anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women.

Author

Verdiesen RMG, van der Schouw YT, van Gils CH, Verschuren WMM, Broekmans FJM, Borges MC, Gonçalves Soares AL, Lawlor DA, Eliassen AH, Kraft P, Sandler DP, Harlow SD, Smith JA, Santoro N, Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ, Murray A, Ruth KS, and Onland-Moret NC

Subjects
Canada, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Nuclear Proteins, Anti-Mullerian Hormone blood, Anti-Mullerian Hormone genetics, Breast Neoplasms, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Study Question: Can additional genetic variants for circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels be identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis including a large sample of premenopausal women?, Summary Answer: We identified four loci associated with AMH levels at P < 5 × 10-8: the previously reported MCM8 locus and three novel signals in or near AMH, TEX41 and CDCA7., What Is Known Already: AMH is expressed by antral stage ovarian follicles in women, and variation in age-specific circulating AMH levels has been associated with disease outcomes. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying these AMH-disease associations are largely unknown., Study Design, Size, Duration: We performed a GWAS meta-analysis in which we combined summary statistics of a previous AMH GWAS with GWAS data from 3705 additional women from three different cohorts., Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: In total, we included data from 7049 premenopausal female participants of European ancestry. The median age of study participants ranged from 15.3 to 48 years across cohorts. Circulating AMH levels were measured in either serum or plasma samples using different ELISA assays. Study-specific analyses were adjusted for age at blood collection and population stratification, and summary statistics were meta-analysed using a standard error-weighted approach. Subsequently, we functionally annotated GWAS variants that reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). We also performed a gene-based GWAS, pathway analysis and linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses., Main Results and the Role of Chance: We identified four loci associated with AMH levels at P < 5 × 10-8: the previously reported MCM8 locus and three novel signals in or near AMH, TEX41 and CDCA7. The strongest signal was a missense variant in the AMH gene (rs10417628). Most prioritized genes at the other three identified loci were involved in cell cycle regulation. Genetic correlation analyses indicated a strong positive correlation among single nucleotide polymorphisms for AMH levels and for age at menopause (rg = 0.82, FDR = 0.003). Exploratory two-sample MR analyses did not support causal effects of AMH on breast cancer or polycystic ovary syndrome risk, but should be interpreted with caution as they may be underpowered and the validity of genetic instruments could not be extensively explored., Large Scale Data: The full AMH GWAS summary statistics will made available after publication through the GWAS catalog (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/)., Limitations, Reasons for Caution: Whilst this study doubled the sample size of the most recent GWAS, the statistical power is still relatively low. As a result, we may still lack power to identify more genetic variants for AMH and to determine causal effects of AMH on, for example, breast cancer. Also, follow-up studies are needed to investigate whether the signal for the AMH gene is caused by reduced AMH detection by certain assays instead of actual lower circulating AMH levels., Wider Implications of the Findings: Genes mapped to the MCM8, TEX41 and CDCA7 loci are involved in the cell cycle and processes such as DNA replication and apoptosis. The mechanism underlying their associations with AMH may affect the size of the ovarian follicle pool. Altogether, our results provide more insight into the biology of AMH and, accordingly, the biological processes involved in ovarian ageing., Study Funding/competing Interest(s): Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II were supported by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA172726, CA186107, CA50385, CA87969, CA49449, CA67262, CA178949). The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the listed authors, who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this article. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf). Funding for the collection of genotype and phenotype data used here was provided by the British Heart Foundation (SP/07/008/24066), Wellcome (WT092830M and WT08806) and UK Medical Research Council (G1001357). M.C.B., A.L.G.S. and D.A.L. work in a unit that is funded by the University of Bristol and UK Medical Research Council (MC&#95;UU&#95;00011/6). M.C.B.'s contribution to this work was funded by a UK Medical Research Council Skills Development Fellowship (MR/P014054/1) and D.A.L. is a National Institute of Health Research Senior Investigator (NF-0616-10102). A.L.G.S. was supported by the study of Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic non-communicable diseases (H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD, project ID 874739). The Doetinchem Cohort Study was financially supported by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports of the Netherlands. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Ansh Labs performed the AMH measurements for the Doetinchem Cohort Study free of charge. Ansh Labs was not involved in the data analysis, interpretation or reporting, nor was it financially involved in any aspect of the study. R.M.G.V. was funded by the Honours Track of MSc Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht with a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (022.005.021). The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) has grant support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, through the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) (U01NR004061; U01AG012505, U01AG012535, U01AG012531, U01AG012539, U01AG012546, U01AG012553, U01AG012554, U01AG012495). The SWAN Genomic Analyses and SWAN Legacy have grant support from the NIA (U01AG017719). The Generations Study was funded by Breast Cancer Now and the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR). The ICR acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent official views of the funders. The Sister Study was funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES044005 to D.P.S.); the AMH assays were supported by the Avon Foundation (02-2012-065 to H.B. Nichols and D.P.S.). The breast cancer genome-wide association analyses were supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the 'Ministère de l'Économie, de la Science et de l'Innovation du Québec' through Genome Québec and grant PSR-SIIRI-701, The National Institutes of Health (U19 CA148065, X01HG007492), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118, C1287/A16563, C1287/A10710) and The European Union (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175 and H2020 633784 and 634935). All studies and funders are listed in Michailidou et al. (Nature, 2017). F.J.M.B. has received fees and grant support from Merck Serono and Ferring BV. D.A.L. has received financial support from several national and international government and charitable funders as well as from Medtronic Ltd and Roche Diagnostics for research that is unrelated to this study. N.S. is scientific consultant for Ansh Laboratories. The other authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.)

Published
2022
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2. Transcriptome-wide association study of breast cancer risk by estrogen-receptor status.

Author

Feng H, Gusev A, Pasaniuc B, Wu L, Long J, Abu-Full Z, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antoniou AC, Arason A, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Asseryanis E, Auer PL, Azzollini J, Balmaña J, Barkardottir RB, Barnes DR, Barrowdale D, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Białkowska K, Blanco A, Blomqvist C, Boeckx B, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Bonanni B, Borg A, Brauch H, Brenner H, Briceno I, Broeks A, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Cai Q, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Campbell I, Canisius S, Campa D, Carter BD, Carter J, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Christiansen H, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Cybulski C, Czene K, Daly MB, de la Hoya M, De Leeneer K, Dennis J, Devilee P, Diez O, Domchek SM, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ejlertsen B, Ellberg C, Engel C, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Fletcher O, Flyger H, Fostira F, Friedman E, Fritschi L, Frost D, Gabrielson M, Ganz PA, Gapstur SM, Garber J, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Greene MH, Gronwald J, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hake C, He W, Heyworth J, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Huang G, Hulick PJ, Humphreys K, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, James P, Janavicius R, Jankowitz RC, John EM, Johnson N, Joseph V, Jung A, Karlan BY, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Konstantopoulou I, Kristensen VN, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Lazaro C, Leroux D, Leslie G, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lindor N, Lindström S, Lo WY, Loud JT, Lubiński J, Makalic E, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martens JWM, Martinez ME, Matricardi L, Maurer T, Mavroudis D, McGuffog L, Meindl A, Menon U, Michailidou K, Kapoor PM, Miller A, Montagna M, Moreno F, Moserle L, Mulligan AM, Muranen TA, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nevelsteen I, Nielsen FC, Nikitina-Zake L, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olsson H, Osorio A, Papp J, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Pedersen IS, Peixoto A, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pharoah PDP, Phillips KA, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Poppe B, Pradhan N, Prajzendanc K, Presneau N, Punie K, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rennert G, Risch HA, Robson M, Romero A, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Santos C, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt MK, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Schoemaker MJ, Scott RJ, Sharma P, Shu XO, Simard J, Singer CF, Skytte AB, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Spurdle AB, Stone J, Swerdlow AJ, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Teixeira MR, Terry MB, Teulé A, Thomassen M, Thöne K, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tollenaar RAEM, Torres D, Truong T, Tung N, Vachon CM, van Asperen CJ, van den Ouweland AMW, van Rensburg EJ, Vega A, Viel A, Vieiro-Balo P, Wang Q, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Winqvist R, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Ziogas A, Milne RL, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Zheng W, Kraft P, and Jiang X

Subjects
Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Estrogens metabolism, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genomics, Humans, Risk Assessment, Transcriptome, Vesicular Transport Proteins genetics, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Receptors, Estrogen metabolism
Abstract

Previous transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified breast cancer risk genes by integrating data from expression quantitative loci and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but analyses of breast cancer subtype-specific associations have been limited. In this study, we conducted a TWAS using gene expression data from GTEx and summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS meta-analysis conducted for breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor subtypes (ER+ and ER-). We further compared associations with ER+ and ER- subtypes, using a case-only TWAS approach. We also conducted multigene conditional analyses in regions with multiple TWAS associations. Two genes, STXBP4 and HIST2H2BA, were specifically associated with ER+ but not with ER- breast cancer. We further identified 30 TWAS-significant genes associated with overall breast cancer risk, including four that were not identified in previous studies. Conditional analyses identified single independent breast-cancer gene in three of six regions harboring multiple TWAS-significant genes. Our study provides new information on breast cancer genetics and biology, particularly about genomic differences between ER+ and ER- breast cancer., (© 2020 The Authors. Genetic Epidemiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2020
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3. Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses.

Author

Zhang H, Ahearn TU, Lecarpentier J, Barnes D, Beesley J, Qi G, Jiang X, O'Mara TA, Zhao N, Bolla MK, Dunning AM, Dennis J, Wang Q, Ful ZA, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Auer PL, Azzollini J, Barrowdale D, Becher H, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bialkowska K, Blanco A, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Bondavalli D, Borg A, Brauch H, Brenner H, Briceno I, Broeks A, Brucker SY, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Byers H, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Calvello M, Campa D, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Christiaens M, Christiansen H, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Cornelissen S, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Diez O, Domchek SM, Dörk T, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Foretova L, Fostira F, Friedman E, Frost D, Gago-Dominguez M, Gapstur SM, Garber J, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Gayther SA, Giles GG, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Greene MH, Gronwald J, Guénel P, Häberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Hake CR, Hall P, Hamann U, Harkness EF, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Hillemanns P, Hogervorst FBL, Holleczek B, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Howell A, Huebner H, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Izatt L, Jager A, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, James P, Janavicius R, Janni W, John EM, Jones ME, Jung A, Kaaks R, Kapoor PM, Karlan BY, Keeman R, Khan S, Khusnutdinova E, Kitahara CM, Ko YD, Konstantopoulou I, Koppert LB, Koutros S, Kristensen VN, Laenkholm AV, Lambrechts D, Larsson SC, Laurent-Puig P, Lazaro C, Lazarova E, Lejbkowicz F, Leslie G, Lesueur F, Lindblom A, Lissowska J, Lo WY, Loud JT, Lubinski J, Lukomska A, MacInnis RJ, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martinez ME, Matricardi L, McGuffog L, McLean C, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Menon U, Miller A, Mingazheva E, Montagna M, Mulligan AM, Mulot C, Muranen TA, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Newman WG, Nielsen FC, Nikitina-Zake L, Nodora J, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olsson H, Orr N, Papi L, Papp J, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Peissel B, Peixoto A, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Phillips KA, Piedmonte M, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Prajzendanc K, Prentice R, Prokofyeva D, Rack B, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Risch HA, Romero A, Rookus MA, Rübner M, Rüdiger T, Saloustros E, Sampson S, Sandler DP, Sawyer EJ, Scheuner MT, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schöttker B, Schürmann P, Senter L, Sharma P, Sherman ME, Shu XO, Singer CF, Smichkoska S, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Stone J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Swerdlow AJ, Szabo CI, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Teixeira MR, Terry M, Thomassen M, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Troester MA, Truong T, Tung N, Untch M, Vachon CM, van den Ouweland AMW, van der Kolk LE, van Veen EM, vanRensburg EJ, Vega A, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wildiers H, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Zheng W, Zorn KK, Milne RL, Kraft P, Simard J, Pharoah PDP, Michailidou K, Antoniou AC, Schmidt MK, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF, Chatterjee N, and García-Closas M

Subjects
BRCA1 Protein genetics, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Mutation, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms genetics, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype 1-3 . To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P < 5.0 × 10 -8 ), 15 of which showed evidence for associations with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 0.05). Five loci showed associations (P < 0.05) in opposite directions between luminal and non-luminal subtypes. In silico analyses showed that these five loci contained cell-specific enhancers that differed between normal luminal and basal mammary cells. The genetic correlations between five intrinsic-like subtypes ranged from 0.35 to 0.80. The proportion of genome-wide chip heritability explained by all known susceptibility loci was 54.2% for luminal A-like disease and 37.6% for triple-negative disease. The odds ratios of polygenic risk scores, which included 330 variants, for the highest 1% of quantiles compared with middle quantiles were 5.63 and 3.02 for luminal A-like and triple-negative disease, respectively. These findings provide an improved understanding of genetic predisposition to breast cancer subtypes and will inform the development of subtype-specific polygenic risk scores.

Published
2020
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4. Fine-mapping of 150 breast cancer risk regions identifies 191 likely target genes.

Author

Fachal L, Aschard H, Beesley J, Barnes DR, Allen J, Kar S, Pooley KA, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Turman C, Soucy P, Lemaçon A, Lush M, Tyrer JP, Ghoussaini M, Moradi Marjaneh M, Jiang X, Agata S, Aittomäki K, Alonso MR, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arason A, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Auber B, Auer PL, Azzollini J, Balmaña J, Barkardottir RB, Barrowdale D, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Białkowska K, Blanco AM, Blomqvist C, Blot W, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Bonanni B, Borg A, Bosse K, Brauch H, Brenner H, Briceno I, Brock IW, Brooks-Wilson A, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Cai Q, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Camp NJ, Campbell I, Canzian F, Carroll JS, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chiquette J, Christiansen H, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Collée JM, Cornelissen S, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Cybulski C, Czene K, Daly MB, de la Hoya M, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Dite GS, Domchek SM, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Droit A, Dubois S, Dumont M, Duran M, Durcan L, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Engel C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Fletcher O, Floris G, Flyger H, Foretova L, Foulkes WD, Friedman E, Fritschi L, Frost D, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, Gambino G, Ganz PA, Gapstur SM, Garber J, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Tibiletti MG, Greene MH, Grip M, Gronwald J, Grundy A, Guénel P, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hartikainen JM, Hartman M, He W, Healey CS, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Heyworth J, Hillemanns P, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hopper JL, Howell A, Huang G, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Iwasaki M, Jager A, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, James PA, Janavicius R, Jankowitz RC, John EM, Johnson N, Jones ME, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Jung A, Kaaks R, Kang D, Kapoor PM, Karlan BY, Keeman R, Kerin MJ, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Kirk J, Kitahara CM, Ko YD, Konstantopoulou I, Kosma VM, Koutros S, Kubelka-Sabit K, Kwong A, Kyriacou K, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Lee E, Leslie G, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lindblom A, Lo WY, Long J, Lophatananon A, Loud JT, Lubiński J, MacInnis RJ, Maishman T, Makalic E, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martinez ME, Matsuo K, Maurer T, Mavroudis D, Mayes R, McGuffog L, McLean C, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Miller A, Miller N, Montagna M, Moreno F, Muir K, Mulligan AM, Muñoz-Garzon VM, Muranen TA, Narod SA, Nassir R, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Nielsen FC, Nikitina-Zake L, Norman A, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olsson H, Orr N, Osorio A, Pankratz VS, Papp J, Park SK, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Paul J, Pedersen IS, Peissel B, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Prajzendanc K, Prentice R, Presneau N, Prokofyeva D, Pujana MA, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rantala J, Rau-Murthy R, Rennert G, Risch HA, Robson M, Romero A, Rossing M, Saloustros E, Sánchez-Herrero E, Sandler DP, Santamariña M, Saunders C, Sawyer EJ, Scheuner MT, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schöttker B, Schürmann P, Scott C, Scott RJ, Senter L, Seynaeve CM, Shah M, Sharma P, Shen CY, Shu XO, Singer CF, Slavin TP, Smichkoska S, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Spurdle AB, Stone J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sutter C, Swerdlow AJ, Tamimi RM, Tan YY, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Teixeira MR, Tengström M, Teo SH, Terry MB, Teulé A, Thomassen M, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Torres-Mejía G, Troester MA, Truong T, Tung N, Tzardi M, Ulmer HU, Vachon CM, van Asperen CJ, van der Kolk LE, van Rensburg EJ, Vega A, Viel A, Vijai J, Vogel MJ, Wang Q, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Wildiers H, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Wu AH, Yannoukakos D, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Hunter D, Pharoah PDP, Chang-Claude J, García-Closas M, Schmidt MK, Milne RL, Kristensen VN, French JD, Edwards SL, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Simard J, Easton DF, Kraft P, and Dunning AM

Subjects
Bayes Theorem, Female, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Chromosome Mapping methods, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies have identified breast cancer risk variants in over 150 genomic regions, but the mechanisms underlying risk remain largely unknown. These regions were explored by combining association analysis with in silico genomic feature annotations. We defined 205 independent risk-associated signals with the set of credible causal variants in each one. In parallel, we used a Bayesian approach (PAINTOR) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium and enriched genomic features to determine variants with high posterior probabilities of being causal. Potentially causal variants were significantly over-represented in active gene regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites. We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of those potentially causal variants, using gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways were over-represented among the highest-confidence target genes.

Published
2020
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5. Epigenome-wide association study for lifetime estrogen exposure identifies an epigenetic signature associated with breast cancer risk.

Author

Johansson A, Palli D, Masala G, Grioni S, Agnoli C, Tumino R, Giurdanella MC, Fasanelli F, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Mattiello A, Polidoro S, Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, Orr N, Tomczyk K, Johnson N, Fletcher O, Perduca V, Baglietto L, Dugué PA, Southey MC, Giles GG, English DR, Milne RL, Severi G, Ambatipudi S, Cuenin C, Chajès V, Romieu I, Herceg Z, Swerdlow AJ, Vineis P, and Flanagan JM

Subjects
Case-Control Studies, CpG Islands, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Breast Neoplasms genetics, DNA Methylation drug effects, Estrogens adverse effects, Genome-Wide Association Study methods
Abstract

Background: It is well established that estrogens and other hormonal factors influence breast cancer susceptibility. We hypothesized that a woman's total lifetime estrogen exposure accumulates changes in DNA methylation, detectable in the blood, which could be used in risk assessment for breast cancer., Methods: An estimated lifetime estrogen exposure (ELEE) model was defined using epidemiological data from EPIC-Italy (n = 31,864). An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of ELEE was performed using existing Illumina HumanMethylation450K Beadchip (HM450K) methylation data obtained from EPIC-Italy blood DNA samples (n = 216). A methylation index (MI) of ELEE based on 31 CpG sites was developed using HM450K data from EPIC-Italy and the Generations Study and evaluated for association with breast cancer risk in an independent dataset from the Generations Study (n = 440 incident breast cancer cases matched to 440 healthy controls) using targeted bisulfite sequencing. Lastly, a meta-analysis was conducted including three additional cohorts, consisting of 1187 case-control pairs., Results: We observed an estimated 5% increase in breast cancer risk per 1-year longer ELEE (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.07, P = 3 × 10 -12 ) in EPIC-Italy. The EWAS identified 694 CpG sites associated with ELEE (FDR Q < 0.05). We report a DNA methylation index (MI) associated with breast cancer risk that is validated in the Generations Study targeted bisulfite sequencing data (OR Q4&#95;vs&#95;Q1  = 1.77, 95% CI 1.07-2.93, P = 0.027) and in the meta-analysis (OR Q4&#95;vs&#95;Q1  = 1.43, 95% CI 1.05-2.00, P = 0.024); however, the correlation between the MI and ELEE was not validated across study cohorts., Conclusion: We have identified a blood DNA methylation signature associated with breast cancer risk in this study. Further investigation is required to confirm the interaction between estrogen exposure and DNA methylation in the blood.

Published
2019
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6. Impact of atopy on risk of glioma: a Mendelian randomisation study.

Author

Disney-Hogg L, Cornish AJ, Sud A, Law PJ, Kinnersley B, Jacobs DI, Ostrom QT, Labreche K, Eckel-Passow JE, Armstrong GN, Claus EB, Il'yasova D, Schildkraut J, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Olson SH, Bernstein JL, Lai RK, Schoemaker MJ, Simon M, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Jöckel KH, Chanock S, Rajaraman P, Johansen C, Jenkins RB, Melin BS, Wrensch MR, Sanson M, Bondy ML, and Houlston RS

Subjects
Genotype, Glioma pathology, Humans, Risk Factors, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Glioma etiology, Mendelian Randomization Analysis methods
Abstract

Background: An inverse relationship between allergies with glioma risk has been reported in several but not all epidemiological observational studies. We performed an analysis of genetic variants associated with atopy to assess the relationship with glioma risk using Mendelian randomisation (MR), an approach unaffected by biases from temporal variability and reverse causation that might have affected earlier investigations., Methods: Two-sample MR was undertaken using genome-wide association study data. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with atopic dermatitis, asthma and hay fever, IgE levels, and self-reported allergy as instrumental variables. We calculated MR estimates for the odds ratio (OR) for each risk factor with glioma using SNP-glioma estimates from 12,488 cases and 18,169 controls, using inverse-variance weighting (IVW), maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), weighted median estimate (WME) and mode-based estimate (MBE) methods. Violation of MR assumptions due to directional pleiotropy were sought using MR-Egger regression and HEIDI-outlier analysis., Results: Under IVW, MLE, WME and MBE methods, associations between glioma risk with asthma and hay fever, self-reported allergy and IgE levels were non-significant. An inverse relationship between atopic dermatitis and glioma risk was found by IVW (OR 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.00, P = 0.041) and MLE (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, P = 0.003), but not by WME (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.91-1.01, P = 0.114) or MBE (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92-1.02, P = 0.194)., Conclusions: Our investigation does not provide strong evidence for relationship between atopy and the risk of developing glioma, but findings do not preclude a small effect in relation to atopic dermatitis. Our analysis also serves to illustrate the value of using several MR methods to derive robust conclusions.

Published
2018
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7. Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci.

Author

Michailidou K, Lindström S, Dennis J, Beesley J, Hui S, Kar S, Lemaçon A, Soucy P, Glubb D, Rostamianfar A, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Tyrer J, Dicks E, Lee A, Wang Z, Allen J, Keeman R, Eilber U, French JD, Qing Chen X, Fachal L, McCue K, McCart Reed AE, Ghoussaini M, Carroll JS, Jiang X, Finucane H, Adams M, Adank MA, Ahsan H, Aittomäki K, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Arun B, Auer PL, Bacot F, Barrdahl M, Baynes C, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Børresen-Dale AL, Brand JS, Brauch H, Brennan P, Brenner H, Brinton L, Broberg P, Brock IW, Broeks A, Brooks-Wilson A, Brucker SY, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Butterbach K, Cai Q, Cai H, Caldés T, Canzian F, Carracedo A, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chan TL, David Cheng TY, Seng Chia K, Choi JY, Christiansen H, Clarke CL, Collée M, Conroy DM, Cordina-Duverger E, Cornelissen S, Cox DG, Cox A, Cross SS, Cunningham JM, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Doheny KF, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dumont M, Durcan L, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Eliassen AH, Ellberg C, Elvira M, Engel C, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Flyger H, Fritschi L, Gaborieau V, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Glendon G, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Grenaker Alnæs GI, Grip M, Gronwald J, Grundy A, Guénel P, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hamann U, Hamel N, Hankinson S, Harrington P, Hart SN, Hartikainen JM, Hartman M, Hein A, Heyworth J, Hicks B, Hillemanns P, Ho DN, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Hou MF, Hsiung CN, Huang G, Humphreys K, Ishiguro J, Ito H, Iwasaki M, Iwata H, Jakubowska A, Janni W, John EM, Johnson N, Jones K, Jones M, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kaaks R, Kabisch M, Kaczmarek K, Kang D, Kasuga Y, Kerin MJ, Khan S, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Kim SW, Knight JA, Kosma VM, Kristensen VN, Krüger U, Kwong A, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lee E, Lee MH, Lee JW, Neng Lee C, Lejbkowicz F, Li J, Lilyquist J, Lindblom A, Lissowska J, Lo WY, Loibl S, Long J, Lophatananon A, Lubinski J, Luccarini C, Lux MP, Ma ESK, MacInnis RJ, Maishman T, Makalic E, Malone KE, Kostovska IM, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Manson JE, Margolin S, Mariapun S, Martinez ME, Matsuo K, Mavroudis D, McKay J, McLean C, Meijers-Heijboer H, Meindl A, Menéndez P, Menon U, Meyer J, Miao H, Miller N, Taib NAM, Muir K, Mulligan AM, Mulot C, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Nielsen SF, Noh DY, Nordestgaard BG, Norman A, Olopade OI, Olson JE, Olsson H, Olswold C, Orr N, Pankratz VS, Park SK, Park-Simon TW, Lloyd R, Perez JIA, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Phillips KA, Pinchev M, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Prentice R, Presneau N, Prokofyeva D, Pugh E, Pylkäs K, Rack B, Radice P, Rahman N, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Rhenius V, Romero A, Romm J, Ruddy KJ, Rüdiger T, Rudolph A, Ruebner M, Rutgers EJT, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Sangrajrang S, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schumacher F, Schürmann P, Scott RJ, Scott C, Seal S, Seynaeve C, Shah M, Sharma P, Shen CY, Sheng G, Sherman ME, Shrubsole MJ, Shu XO, Smeets A, Sohn C, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Stegmaier C, Stewart-Brown S, Stone J, Stram DO, Surowy H, Swerdlow A, Tamimi R, Taylor JA, Tengström M, Teo SH, Beth Terry M, Tessier DC, Thanasitthichai S, Thöne K, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Tong L, Torres D, Truong T, Tseng CC, Tsugane S, Ulmer HU, Ursin G, Untch M, Vachon C, van Asperen CJ, Van Den Berg D, van den Ouweland AMW, van der Kolk L, van der Luijt RB, Vincent D, Vollenweider J, Waisfisz Q, Wang-Gohrke S, Weinberg CR, Wendt C, Whittemore AS, Wildiers H, Willett W, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Wu AH, Xia L, Yamaji T, Yang XR, Har Yip C, Yoo KY, Yu JC, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zhu B, Ziogas A, Ziv E, Lakhani SR, Antoniou AC, Droit A, Andrulis IL, Amos CI, Couch FJ, Pharoah PDP, Chang-Claude J, Hall P, Hunter DJ, Milne RL, García-Closas M, Schmidt MK, Chanock SJ, Dunning AM, Edwards SL, Bader GD, Chenevix-Trench G, Simard J, Kraft P, and Easton DF

Subjects
Asia ethnology, Asian People genetics, Binding Sites genetics, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Computer Simulation, Europe ethnology, Female, Humans, Multifactorial Inheritance genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Risk Assessment, Transcription Factors metabolism, White People genetics, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. However, much of the genetic contribution to breast cancer risk remains unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry and 14,068 cases and 13,104 controls of East Asian ancestry. We identified 65 new loci that are associated with overall breast cancer risk at P < 5 × 10 -8 . The majority of credible risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these loci fall in distal regulatory elements, and by integrating in silico data to predict target genes in breast cells at each locus, we demonstrate a strong overlap between candidate target genes and somatic driver genes in breast tumours. We also find that heritability of breast cancer due to all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory features was 2-5-fold enriched relative to the genome-wide average, with strong enrichment for particular transcription factor binding sites. These results provide further insight into genetic susceptibility to breast cancer and will improve the use of genetic risk scores for individualized screening and prevention.

Published
2017
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8. Genome-wide association study of glioma subtypes identifies specific differences in genetic susceptibility to glioblastoma and non-glioblastoma tumors.

Author

Melin BS, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Wrensch MR, Johansen C, Il'yasova D, Kinnersley B, Ostrom QT, Labreche K, Chen Y, Armstrong G, Liu Y, Eckel-Passow JE, Decker PA, Labussière M, Idbaih A, Hoang-Xuan K, Di Stefano AL, Mokhtari K, Delattre JY, Broderick P, Galan P, Gousias K, Schramm J, Schoemaker MJ, Fleming SJ, Herms S, Heilmann S, Nöthen MM, Wichmann HE, Schreiber S, Swerdlow A, Lathrop M, Simon M, Sanson M, Andersson U, Rajaraman P, Chanock S, Linet M, Wang Z, Yeager M, Wiencke JK, Hansen H, McCoy L, Rice T, Kosel ML, Sicotte H, Amos CI, Bernstein JL, Davis F, Lachance D, Lau C, Merrell RT, Shildkraut J, Ali-Osman F, Sadetzki S, Scheurer M, Shete S, Lai RK, Claus EB, Olson SH, Jenkins RB, Houlston RS, and Bondy ML

Subjects
Alleles, Brain Neoplasms classification, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genotype, Glioblastoma classification, Glioma classification, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci genetics, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Glioblastoma genetics, Glioma genetics
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of glioma susceptibility, but individual studies have had limited power to identify risk loci. We performed a meta-analysis of existing GWAS and two new GWAS, which totaled 12,496 cases and 18,190 controls. We identified five new loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 1p31.3 (rs12752552; P = 2.04 × 10 -9 , odds ratio (OR) = 1.22), 11q14.1 (rs11233250; P = 9.95 × 10 -10 , OR = 1.24), 16p13.3 (rs2562152; P = 1.93 × 10 -8 , OR = 1.21), 16q12.1 (rs10852606; P = 1.29 × 10 -11 , OR = 1.18) and 22q13.1 (rs2235573; P = 1.76 × 10 -10 , OR = 1.15), as well as eight loci for non-GBM tumors at 1q32.1 (rs4252707; P = 3.34 × 10 -9 , OR = 1.19), 1q44 (rs12076373; P = 2.63 × 10 -10 , OR = 1.23), 2q33.3 (rs7572263; P = 2.18 × 10 -10 , OR = 1.20), 3p14.1 (rs11706832; P = 7.66 × 10 -9 , OR = 1.15), 10q24.33 (rs11598018; P = 3.39 × 10 -8 , OR = 1.14), 11q21 (rs7107785; P = 3.87 × 10 -10 , OR = 1.16), 14q12 (rs10131032; P = 5.07 × 10 -11 , OR = 1.33) and 16p13.3 (rs3751667; P = 2.61 × 10 -9 , OR = 1.18). These data substantiate that genetic susceptibility to GBM and non-GBM tumors are highly distinct, which likely reflects different etiology.

Published
2017
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9. Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types.

Author

Kar SP, Beesley J, Amin Al Olama A, Michailidou K, Tyrer J, Kote-Jarai Z, Lawrenson K, Lindstrom S, Ramus SJ, Thompson DJ, Kibel AS, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Michael A, Dieffenbach AK, Gentry-Maharaj A, Whittemore AS, Wolk A, Monteiro A, Peixoto A, Kierzek A, Cox A, Rudolph A, Gonzalez-Neira A, Wu AH, Lindblom A, Swerdlow A, Ziogas A, Ekici AB, Burwinkel B, Karlan BY, Nordestgaard BG, Blomqvist C, Phelan C, McLean C, Pearce CL, Vachon C, Cybulski C, Slavov C, Stegmaier C, Maier C, Ambrosone CB, Høgdall CK, Teerlink CC, Kang D, Tessier DC, Schaid DJ, Stram DO, Cramer DW, Neal DE, Eccles D, Flesch-Janys D, Edwards DR, Wokozorczyk D, Levine DA, Yannoukakos D, Sawyer EJ, Bandera EV, Poole EM, Goode EL, Khusnutdinova E, Høgdall E, Song F, Bruinsma F, Heitz F, Modugno F, Hamdy FC, Wiklund F, Giles GG, Olsson H, Wildiers H, Ulmer HU, Pandha H, Risch HA, Darabi H, Salvesen HB, Nevanlinna H, Gronberg H, Brenner H, Brauch H, Anton-Culver H, Song H, Lim HY, McNeish I, Campbell I, Vergote I, Gronwald J, Lubiński J, Stanford JL, Benítez J, Doherty JA, Permuth JB, Chang-Claude J, Donovan JL, Dennis J, Schildkraut JM, Schleutker J, Hopper JL, Kupryjanczyk J, Park JY, Figueroa J, Clements JA, Knight JA, Peto J, Cunningham JM, Pow-Sang J, Batra J, Czene K, Lu KH, Herkommer K, Khaw KT, Matsuo K, Muir K, Offitt K, Chen K, Moysich KB, Aittomäki K, Odunsi K, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LF, Fitzgerald LM, Cook LS, Cannon-Albright L, Hooning MJ, Pike MC, Bolla MK, Luedeke M, Teixeira MR, Goodman MT, Schmidt MK, Riggan M, Aly M, Rossing MA, Beckmann MW, Moisse M, Sanderson M, Southey MC, Jones M, Lush M, Hildebrandt MA, Hou MF, Schoemaker MJ, Garcia-Closas M, Bogdanova N, Rahman N, Le ND, Orr N, Wentzensen N, Pashayan N, Peterlongo P, Guénel P, Brennan P, Paulo P, Webb PM, Broberg P, Fasching PA, Devilee P, Wang Q, Cai Q, Li Q, Kaneva R, Butzow R, Kopperud RK, Schmutzler RK, Stephenson RA, MacInnis RJ, Hoover RN, Winqvist R, Ness R, Milne RL, Travis RC, Benlloch S, Olson SH, McDonnell SK, Tworoger SS, Maia S, Berndt S, Lee SC, Teo SH, Thibodeau SN, Bojesen SE, Gapstur SM, Kjær SK, Pejovic T, Tammela TL, Dörk T, Brüning T, Wahlfors T, Key TJ, Edwards TL, Menon U, Hamann U, Mitev V, Kosma VM, Setiawan VW, Kristensen V, Arndt V, Vogel W, Zheng W, Sieh W, Blot WJ, Kluzniak W, Shu XO, Gao YT, Schumacher F, Freedman ML, Berchuck A, Dunning AM, Simard J, Haiman CA, Spurdle A, Sellers TA, Hunter DJ, Henderson BE, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Couch FJ, Hall P, Gayther SA, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Eeles R, Pharoah PD, and Lambrechts D

Subjects
Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Case-Control Studies, Chromosome Mapping, Datasets as Topic, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Female, Gene Regulatory Networks, Humans, Male, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Organ Specificity genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Quantitative Trait Loci, Signal Transduction, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics
Abstract

Unlabelled: Breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers are hormone-related and may have a shared genetic basis, but this has not been investigated systematically by genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Meta-analyses combining the largest GWA meta-analysis data sets for these cancers totaling 112,349 cases and 116,421 controls of European ancestry, all together and in pairs, identified at P < 10(-8) seven new cross-cancer loci: three associated with susceptibility to all three cancers (rs17041869/2q13/BCL2L11; rs7937840/11q12/INCENP; rs1469713/19p13/GATAD2A), two breast and ovarian cancer risk loci (rs200182588/9q31/SMC2; rs8037137/15q26/RCCD1), and two breast and prostate cancer risk loci (rs5013329/1p34/NSUN4; rs9375701/6q23/L3MBTL3). Index variants in five additional regions previously associated with only one cancer also showed clear association with a second cancer type. Cell-type-specific expression quantitative trait locus and enhancer-gene interaction annotations suggested target genes with potential cross-cancer roles at the new loci. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of death receptor signaling genes near loci with P < 10(-5) in the three-cancer meta-analysis., Significance: We demonstrate that combining large-scale GWA meta-analysis findings across cancer types can identify completely new risk loci common to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. We show that the identification of such cross-cancer risk loci has the potential to shed new light on the shared biology underlying these hormone-related cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1052-67. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932., Competing Interests: The authors disclose no potential conflicts of interest., (©2016 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Published
2016
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10. Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus.

Author

Zeng C, Guo X, Long J, Kuchenbaecker KB, Droit A, Michailidou K, Ghoussaini M, Kar S, Freeman A, Hopper JL, Milne RL, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Agata S, Ahmed S, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arason A, Arndt V, Arun BK, Arver B, Bacot F, Barrowdale D, Baynes C, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Blomqvist C, Blot WJ, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Borresen-Dale AL, Brand JS, Brauch H, Brennan P, Brenner H, Broeks A, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Cai Q, Caldes T, Campbell I, Carpenter J, Chang-Claude J, Choi JY, Claes KB, Clarke C, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, de la Hoya M, De Leeneer K, Devilee P, Diez O, Domchek SM, Doody M, Dorfling CM, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dumont M, Dwek M, Dworniczak B, Egan K, Eilber U, Einbeigi Z, Ejlertsen B, Ellis S, Frost D, Lalloo F, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, Friedlander M, Friedman E, Gambino G, Gao YT, Garber J, García-Closas M, Gehrig A, Damiola F, Lesueur F, Mazoyer S, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Giles GG, Godwin AK, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Greene MH, Guénel P, Haeberle L, Haiman CA, Hallberg E, Hamann U, Hansen TV, Hart S, Hartikainen JM, Hartman M, Hassan N, Healey S, Hogervorst FB, Verhoef S, Hendricks CB, Hillemanns P, Hollestelle A, Hulick PJ, Hunter DJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Ito H, Jakubowska A, Janavicius R, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Jensen UB, John EM, Joly Beauparlant C, Jones M, Kabisch M, Kang D, Karlan BY, Kauppila S, Kerin MJ, Khan S, Khusnutdinova E, Knight JA, Konstantopoulou I, Kraft P, Kwong A, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Lazaro C, Le Marchand L, Lee CN, Lee MH, Lester J, Li J, Liljegren A, Lindblom A, Lophatananon A, Lubinski J, Mai PL, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Marme F, Matsuo K, McGuffog L, Meindl A, Menegaux F, Montagna M, Muir K, Mulligan AM, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Newcomb PA, Nord S, Nussbaum RL, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olswold C, Osorio A, Papi L, Park-Simon TW, Paulsson-Karlsson Y, Peeters S, Peissel B, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pfeiler G, Phelan CM, Presneau N, Radice P, Rahman N, Ramus SJ, Rashid MU, Rennert G, Rhiem K, Rudolph A, Salani R, Sangrajrang S, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt MK, Schmutzler RK, Schoemaker MJ, Schürmann P, Seynaeve C, Shen CY, Shrubsole MJ, Shu XO, Sigurdson A, Singer CF, Slager S, Soucy P, Southey M, Steinemann D, Swerdlow A, Szabo CI, Tchatchou S, Teixeira MR, Teo SH, Terry MB, Tessier DC, Teulé A, Thomassen M, Tihomirova L, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tung N, Turnbull C, van den Ouweland AM, van Rensburg EJ, Ven den Berg D, Vijai J, Wang-Gohrke S, Weitzel JN, Whittemore AS, Winqvist R, Wong TY, Wu AH, Yannoukakos D, Yu JC, Pharoah PD, Hall P, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning AM, Simard J, Couch FJ, Antoniou AC, Easton DF, and Zheng W

Subjects
Alleles, BRCA1 Protein genetics, Case-Control Studies, Computational Biology methods, Databases, Genetic, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Genotype, Haplotypes, Heterozygote, Humans, Mutation, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Population Surveillance, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Quantitative Trait Loci, Risk, White People genetics, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background: Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk., Method: We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/ ), and in 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation., Results: Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.12; P = 3 × 10(-9)), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 2 × 10(-5)), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.06; P = 2 × 10(-4)) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (P = 7 × 10(-5)) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and BRCA1 mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at P < 0.05 in East Asians, but none of the associations were statistically significant in African descendants. Multiple candidate functional variants are located in putative enhancer sequences. Chromatin interaction data suggested that PTHLH was the likely target gene of these enhancers. Of the six variants with the strongest evidence of potential functionality, rs11049453 was statistically significantly associated with the expression of PTHLH and its nearby gene CCDC91 at P < 0.05., Conclusion: This study identified four independent association signals at 12p11 and revealed potentially functional variants, providing additional insights into the underlying biological mechanism(s) for the association observed between variants at 12p11 and breast cancer risk.

Published
2016
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11. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for glioma.

Author

Kinnersley B, Labussière M, Holroyd A, Di Stefano AL, Broderick P, Vijayakrishnan J, Mokhtari K, Delattre JY, Gousias K, Schramm J, Schoemaker MJ, Fleming SJ, Herms S, Heilmann S, Schreiber S, Wichmann HE, Nöthen MM, Swerdlow A, Lathrop M, Simon M, Bondy M, Sanson M, and Houlston RS

Subjects
Female, Genotype, Glioma classification, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glioma genetics
Abstract

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that common genetic variation contributes to the heritable risk of glioma. To identify new glioma susceptibility loci, we conducted a meta-analysis of four GWAS (totalling 4,147 cases and 7,435 controls), with imputation using 1000 Genomes and UK10K Project data as reference. After genotyping an additional 1,490 cases and 1,723 controls we identify new risk loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 12q23.33 (rs3851634, near POLR3B, P=3.02 × 10(-9)) and non-GBM at 10q25.2 (rs11196067, near VTI1A, P=4.32 × 10(-8)), 11q23.2 (rs648044, near ZBTB16, P=6.26 × 10(-11)), 12q21.2 (rs12230172, P=7.53 × 10(-11)) and 15q24.2 (rs1801591, near ETFA, P=5.71 × 10(-9)). Our findings provide further insights into the genetic basis of the different glioma subtypes.

Published
2015
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12. Temporal stability and determinants of white blood cell DNA methylation in the breakthrough generations study.

Author

Flanagan JM, Brook MN, Orr N, Tomczyk K, Coulson P, Fletcher O, Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, Ashworth A, Swerdlow A, Brown R, and Garcia-Closas M

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, DNA Methylation genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Leukocytes metabolism
Abstract

Background: Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) using measurements of blood DNA methylation are performed to identify associations of methylation changes with environmental and lifestyle exposures and disease risk. However, little is known about the variation of methylation markers in the population and their stability over time, both important factors in the design and interpretation of EWAS. We aimed to identify stable variable methylated probes (VMP), i.e., markers that are variable in the population, yet stable over time., Methods: We estimated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each probe on the Illumina 450K methylation array in paired samples collected approximately 6 years apart from 92 participants in the Breakthrough Generations Study. We also evaluated relationships with age, reproductive and hormonal history, weight, alcohol intake, and smoking., Results: Approximately 17% of probes had an ICC > 0.50 and were considered stable VMPs (stable-VMPs). Stable-VMPs were enriched for probes located in "shores" bordering CpG islands, and at approximately 1.3 kb downstream from the transcription start site in the transition between the unmethylated promoter and methylated gene body. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data analyses provided strong evidence for associations between changes in methylation levels and aging. Smoking-related probes at 2q37.1 and AHRR were stable-VMPs and related to time since quitting. We also observed associations between methylation and weight changes., Conclusion: Our results provide support for the use of white blood cell DNA methylation as a biomarker of exposure in EWAS., Impact: Larger studies, preferably with repeated measures over time, will be required to establish associations between specific probes and exposures., (©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Published
2015
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13. Common genetic variants are significant risk factors for early menopause: results from the Breakthrough Generations Study.

Author

Murray A, Bennett CE, Perry JR, Weedon MN, Jacobs PA, Morris DH, Orr N, Schoemaker MJ, Jones M, Ashworth A, and Swerdlow AJ

Subjects
Adult, Age Factors, Alleles, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins, Reproduction, Risk Factors, Genome-Wide Association Study, Menopause, Premature genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics
Abstract

Women become infertile approximately 10 years before menopause, and as more women delay childbirth into their 30s, the number of women who experience infertility is likely to increase. Tests that predict the timing of menopause would allow women to make informed reproductive decisions. Current predictors are only effective just prior to menopause, and there are no long-range indicators. Age at menopause and early menopause (EM) are highly heritable, suggesting a genetic aetiology. Recent genome-wide scans have identified four loci associated with variation in the age of normal menopause (40-60 years). We aimed to determine whether theses loci are also risk factors for EM. We tested the four menopause-associated genetic variants in a cohort of approximately 2000 women with menopause≤45 years from the Breakthrough Generations Study (BGS). All four variants significantly increased the odds of having EM. Comparing the 4.5% of individuals with the lowest number of risk alleles (two or three) with the 3.0% with the highest number (eight risk alleles), the odds ratio was 4.1 (95% CI 2.4-7.1, P=4.0×10(-7)). In combination, the four variants discriminated EM cases with a receiver operator characteristic area under the curve of 0.6. Four common genetic variants identified by genome-wide association studies, had a significant impact on the odds of having EM in an independent cohort from the BGS. The discriminative power is still limited, but as more variants are discovered they may be useful for predicting reproductive lifespan.

Published
2011
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14. CYP3A7*1C allele: linking premenopausal oestrone and progesterone levels with risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers

Author

Johnson, Nichola, Maguire, Sarah, Morra, Anna, Kapoor, Pooja Middha, Tomczyk, Katarzyna, Jones, Michael E, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Gilham, Clare, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahearn, Thomas U, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Augustinsson, Annelie, Baynes, Caroline, Freeman, Laura E Beane, Beckmann, Matthias W, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Blomqvist, Carl, Boeckx, Bram, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Burwinkel, Barbara, Campa, Daniele, Canzian, Federico, Castelao, Jose E, Chanock, Stephen J, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Clarke, Christine L, Conroy, Don M, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Dörk, Thilo, Eliassen, A Heather, Engel, Christoph, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine, Floris, Giuseppe, Flyger, Henrik, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Gapstur, Susan M, García-Closas, Montserrat, Gaudet, Mia M, Giles, Graham G, Goldberg, Mark S, González-Neira, Anna, Guénel, Pascal, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Harrington, Patricia A, Hart, Steven N, Hooning, Maartje J, Hopper, John L, Howell, Anthony, Hunter, David J, Jager, Agnes, Jakubowska, Anna, John, Esther M, Kaaks, Rudolf, Keeman, Renske, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kitahara, Cari M, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Koutros, Stella, Kraft, Peter, Kristensen, Vessela N, Kurian, Allison W, Lambrechts, Diether, Le Marchand, Loic, Linet, Martha, Lubiński, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martens, John WM, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, Mayes, Rebecca, Meindl, Alfons, Milne, Roger L, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Newman, William G, Nielsen, Sune F, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Obi, Nadia, Olshan, Andrew F, and Olson, Janet E

Subjects
Estrogen, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Cancer, Aging, Breast Cancer, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Alleles, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A, Estrone, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pregnanediol, Premenopause, Progesterone, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, NBCS Collaborators, AOCS Group, ABCTB Investigators, kConFab Investigators, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiological studies provide strong evidence for a role of endogenous sex hormones in the aetiology of breast cancer. The aim of this analysis was to identify genetic variants that are associated with urinary sex-hormone levels and breast cancer risk.MethodsWe carried out a genome-wide association study of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide levels in 560 premenopausal women, with additional analysis of progesterone levels in 298 premenopausal women. To test for the association with breast cancer risk, we carried out follow-up genotyping in 90,916 cases and 89,893 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. All women were of European ancestry.ResultsFor pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, there were no genome-wide significant associations; for oestrone-3-glucuronide, we identified a single peak mapping to the CYP3A locus, annotated by rs45446698. The minor rs45446698-C allele was associated with lower oestrone-3-glucuronide (-49.2%, 95% CI -56.1% to -41.1%, P = 3.1 × 10-18); in follow-up analyses, rs45446698-C was also associated with lower progesterone (-26.7%, 95% CI -39.4% to -11.6%, P = 0.001) and reduced risk of oestrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82-0.91, P = 6.9 × 10-8).ConclusionsThe CYP3A7*1C allele is associated with reduced risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer possibly mediated via an effect on the metabolism of endogenous sex hormones in premenopausal women.

Published
2021

15. Inherited variants in the inner centromere protein (INCENP) gene of the chromosomal passenger complex contribute to the susceptibility of ER-negative breast cancer

Author

Kabisch, Maria, Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo, Dünnebier, Thomas, Ying, Shibo, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Shah, Mitul, Perkins, Barbara J, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Eriksson, Mikael, Bojesen, Stig E, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nielsen, Sune F, Flyger, Henrik, Lambrechts, Diether, Neven, Patrick, Peeters, Stephanie, Weltens, Caroline, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Wang, Xianshu, Purrington, Kristen, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Seibold, Petra, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Peto, Julian, dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Johnson, Nichola, Fletcher, Olivia, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Broeks, Annegien, Cornelissen, Sten, Hogervorst, Frans BL, Li, Jingmei, Brand, Judith S, Humphreys, Keith, Guénel, Pascal, Truong, Thérèse, Menegaux, Florence, Sanchez, Marie, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marmé, Frederik, Yang, Rongxi, Bugert, Peter, González-Neira, Anna, Benitez, Javier, Zamora, M Pilar, Perez, Jose I Arias, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Reed, Malcolm WR, Andrulis, Irene L, Knight, Julia A, Glendon, Gord, Tchatchou, Sandrine, Sawyer, Elinor J, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael J, Miller, Nicola, Haiman, Christopher A, Schumacher, Fredrick, Henderson, Brian E, Le Marchand, Loic, Lindblom, Annika, Margolin, Sara, Hooning, Maartje J, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Kriege, Mieke, Koppert, Linetta B, Hopper, John L, Southey, Melissa C, Tsimiklis, Helen, Apicella, Carmel, Slettedahl, Seth, Toland, Amanda E, Vachon, Celine, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Giles, Graham G, Milne, Roger L, McLean, Catriona, Fasching, Peter A, Ruebner, Matthias, Ekici, Arif B, Beckmann, Matthias W, Brenner, Hermann, Dieffenbach, Aida K, Arndt, Volker, Stegmaier, Christa, Ashworth, Alan, Orr, Nicholas, Schoemaker, Minouk J, and Swerdlow, Anthony

Subjects
Cancer, Human Genome, Prevention, Breast Cancer, Genetics, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 3' Untranslated Regions, Aurora Kinase B, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Cell Cycle Proteins, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Estrogen, Risk, Survivin, White People, kConFab Investigators, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, GENICA Network, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell division. Therefore, inherited CPC variability could influence tumor development. The present candidate gene approach investigates the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding key CPC components and breast cancer risk. Fifteen SNPs in four CPC genes (INCENP, AURKB, BIRC5 and CDCA8) were genotyped in 88 911 European women from 39 case-control studies of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Possible associations were investigated in fixed-effects meta-analyses. The synonymous SNP rs1675126 in exon 7 of INCENP was associated with overall breast cancer risk [per A allele odds ratio (OR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92-0.98, P = 0.007] and particularly with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast tumors (per A allele OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.95, P = 0.0005). SNPs not directly genotyped were imputed based on 1000 Genomes. The SNPs rs1047739 in the 3' untranslated region and rs144045115 downstream of INCENP showed the strongest association signals for overall (per T allele OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06, P = 0.0009) and ER-negative breast cancer risk (per A allele OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10, P = 0.0002). Two genotyped SNPs in BIRC5 were associated with familial breast cancer risk (top SNP rs2071214: per G allele OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21, P = 0.002). The data suggest that INCENP in the CPC pathway contributes to ER-negative breast cancer susceptibility in the European population. In spite of a modest contribution of CPC-inherited variants to the total burden of sporadic and familial breast cancer, their potential as novel targets for breast cancer treatment should be further investigated.

Published
2015

16. Inherited variation in immune genes and pathways and glioblastoma risk.

Author

Schwartzbaum, Judith A, Xiao, Yuanyuan, Liu, Yanhong, Tsavachidis, Spyros, Berger, Mitchel S, Bondy, Melissa L, Chang, Jeffrey S, Chang, Susan M, Decker, Paul A, Ding, Bo, Hepworth, Sarah J, Houlston, Richard S, Hosking, Fay J, Jenkins, Robert B, Kosel, Matthew L, McCoy, Lucie S, McKinney, Patricia A, Muir, Kenneth, Patoka, Joe S, Prados, Michael, Rice, Terri, Robertson, Lindsay B, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Shete, Sanjay, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Wiemels, Joe L, Wiencke, John K, Yang, Ping, and Wrensch, Margaret R

Subjects
Humans, Glioblastoma, Brain Neoplasms, Cytokines, Signal Transduction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Abstract

To determine whether inherited variations in immune function single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes or pathways affect glioblastoma risk, we analyzed data from recent genome-wide association studies in conjunction with predefined immune function genes and pathways. Gene and pathway analyses were conducted on two independent data sets using 6629 SNPs in 911 genes on 17 immune pathways from 525 glioblastoma cases and 602 controls from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and a subset of 6029 SNPs in 893 genes from 531 cases and 1782 controls from MD Anderson (MDA). To further assess consistency of SNP-level associations, we also compared data from the UK (266 cases and 2482 controls) and the Mayo Clinic (114 cases and 111 controls). Although three correlated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) SNPs were consistently associated with glioblastoma in all four data sets (Mantel-Haenzel P values = 1 × 10⁻⁵ to 4 × 10⁻³), independent replication is required as genome-wide significance was not attained. In gene-level analyses, eight immune function genes were significantly (minP < 0.05) associated with glioblastoma; the IL-2RA (CD25) cytokine gene had the smallest minP values in both UCSF (minP = 0.01) and MDA (minP = 0.001) data sets. The IL-2RA receptor is found on the surface of regulatory T cells potentially contributing to immunosuppression characteristic of the glioblastoma microenvironment. In pathway correlation analyses, cytokine signaling and adhesion-extravasation-migration pathways showed similar associations with glioblastoma risk in both MDA and UCSF data sets. Our findings represent the first systematic description of immune genes and pathways that characterize glioblastoma risk.

Published
2010

17. Mendelian randomisation study of smoking exposure in relation to breast cancer risk

Author

Park, Hanla A, Neumeyer, Sonja, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahearn, Thomas U, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Augustinsson, Annelie, Baten, Adinda, Beane Freeman, Laura E, Becher, Heiko, Beckmann, Matthias W, Behrens, Sabine, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Brucker, Sara Y, Burwinkel, Barbara, Campa, Daniele, Canzian, Federico, Castelao, Jose E, Chanock, Stephen J, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Clarke, Christine L, NBCS Collaborators, Conroy, Don M, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, Devilee, Peter, Dörk, Thilo, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Eliassen, A Heather, Engel, Christoph, Eriksson, Mikael, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Flyger, Henrik, Fritschi, Lin, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A, Gaudet, Mia M, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Goldberg, Mark S, Goldgar, David E, González-Neira, Anna, Grip, Mervi, Guénel, Pascal, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Han, Sileny, Harkness, Elaine F, Hart, Steven N, He, Wei, Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Bernadette AM, Hopper, John L, Hunter, David J, ABCTB Investigators, KConFab Investigators, Jager, Agnes, Jakubowska, Anna, John, Esther M, Jung, Audrey, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kapoor, Pooja Middha, Keeman, Renske, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kitahara, Cari M, Koppert, Linetta B, Koutros, Stella, Kristensen, Vessela N, Kurian, Allison W, Lacey, James, Lambrechts, Diether, Le Marchand, Loic, Lo, Wing-Yee, Lubiński, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Margolin, Sara, Martinez, Maria Elena, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, Meindl, Alfons, Menon, Usha, Milne, Roger L, Muranen, Taru A, Nevanlinna, Heli, Newman, William G, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Offit, Kenneth, Olshan, Andrew F, Olsson, Håkan, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Presneau, Nadege, Radice, Paolo, Rennert, Gad, Rennert, Hedy S, Romero, Atocha, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Schmutzler, Rita K, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Schwentner, Lukas, Scott, Christopher, Shah, Mitul, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Simard, Jacques, Smeets, Ann, Southey, Melissa C, Spinelli, John J, Stevens, Victoria, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Tamimi, Rulla M, Tapper, William J, Taylor, Jack A, Terry, Mary Beth, Tomlinson, Ian, Troester, Melissa A, Truong, Thérèse, Vachon, Celine M, Van Veen, Elke M, Vijai, Joseph, Wang, Sophia, Wendt, Camilla, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Ziogas, Argyrios, Dunning, Alison M, Pharoah, Paul DP, Easton, Douglas F, Zheng, Wei, Kraft, Peter, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Park, Hanla A [0000-0001-8055-3729], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Augustinsson, Annelie [0000-0003-3415-0536], Brenner, Hermann [0000-0002-6129-1572], Canzian, Federico [0000-0002-4261-4583], Cox, Angela [0000-0002-5138-1099], Devilee, Peter [0000-0002-8023-2009], Fasching, Peter A [0000-0003-4885-8471], Harkness, Elaine F [0000-0001-6625-7739], Hart, Steven N [0000-0001-7714-2734], Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Bernadette AM [0000-0002-9724-6693], Jakubowska, Anna [0000-0002-5650-0501], Kapoor, Pooja Middha [0000-0001-5503-8215], Kurian, Allison W [0000-0002-6175-9470], Newman, William G [0000-0002-6382-4678], Peterlongo, Paolo [0000-0001-6951-6855], Peto, Julian [0000-0002-1685-8912], Sawyer, Elinor J [0000-0001-8285-4111], Scott, Christopher [0000-0003-1340-0647], Smeets, Ann [0000-0002-5091-6602], Tomlinson, Ian [0000-0003-3037-1470], Truong, Thérèse [0000-0002-2943-6786], Pharoah, Paul DP [0000-0001-8494-732X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Genotyping Techniques, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Breast Neoplasms, Genetic Pleiotropy, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Cigarette Smoking, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite a modest association between tobacco smoking and breast cancer risk reported by recent epidemiological studies, it is still equivocal whether smoking is causally related to breast cancer risk. METHODS: We applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) to evaluate a potential causal effect of cigarette smoking on breast cancer risk. Both individual-level data as well as summary statistics for 164 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in genome-wide association studies of lifetime smoking index (LSI) or cigarette per day (CPD) were used to obtain MR effect estimates. Data from 108,420 invasive breast cancer cases and 87,681 controls were used for the LSI analysis and for the CPD analysis conducted among ever-smokers from 26,147 cancer cases and 26,072 controls. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address pleiotropy. RESULTS: Genetically predicted LSI was associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR 1.18 per SD, 95% CI: 1.07-1.30, P = 0.11 × 10-2), but there was no evidence of association for genetically predicted CPD (OR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78-1.19, P = 0.85). The sensitivity analyses yielded similar results and showed no strong evidence of pleiotropic effect. CONCLUSION: Our MR study provides supportive evidence for a potential causal association with breast cancer risk for lifetime smoking exposure but not cigarettes per day among smokers.

Published
2021

18. Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses

Author

Zhang, Haoyu, Ahearn, Thomas U, Lecarpentier, Julie, Barnes, Daniel, Beesley, Jonathan, Qi, Guanghao, Jiang, Xia, O'Mara, Tracy A, Zhao, Ni, Bolla, Manjeet K, Dunning, Alison M, Dennis, Joe, Wang, Qin, Ful, Zumuruda Abu, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Arun, Banu K, Auer, Paul L, Azzollini, Jacopo, Barrowdale, Daniel, Becher, Heiko, Beckmann, Matthias W, Behrens, Sabine, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bialkowska, Katarzyna, Blanco, Ana, Blomqvist, Carl, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonanni, Bernardo, Bondavalli, Davide, Borg, Ake, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Briceno, Ignacio, Broeks, Annegien, Brucker, Sara Y, Brüning, Thomas, Burwinkel, Barbara, Buys, Saundra S, Byers, Helen, Caldés, Trinidad, Caligo, Maria A, Calvello, Mariarosaria, Campa, Daniele, Castelao, Jose E, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Christiaens, Melissa, Christiansen, Hans, Chung, Wendy K, Claes, Kathleen BM, Clarke, Christine L, Cornelissen, Sten, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, Devilee, Peter, Diez, Orland, Domchek, Susan M, Dörk, Thilo, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Ekici, Arif B, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine, Foretova, Lenka, Fostira, Florentia, Friedman, Eitan, Frost, Debra, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Gapstur, Susan M, Garber, Judy, García-Sáenz, José A, Gaudet, Mia M, Gayther, Simon A, Giles, Graham G, Godwin, Andrew K, Goldberg, Mark S, Goldgar, David E, González-Neira, Anna, Greene, Mark H, Gronwald, Jacek, Guénel, Pascal, Häberle, Lothar, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Hake, Christopher R, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Harkness, Elaine F, Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Bernadette AM, Hillemanns, Peter, Hogervorst, Frans BL, Holleczek, Bernd, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J, Hoover, Robert N, Hopper, John L, Howell, Anthony, Huebner, Hanna, Hulick, Peter J, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, kConFab Investigators, ABCTB Investigators, Isaacs, Claudine, Izatt, Louise, Jager, Agnes, Jakimovska, Milena, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul, Janavicius, Ramunas, Janni, Wolfgang, John, Esther M, Jones, Michael E, Jung, Audrey, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kapoor, Pooja Middha, Karlan, Beth Y, Keeman, Renske, Khan, Sofia, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kitahara, Cari M, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Konstantopoulou, Irene, Koppert, Linetta B, Koutros, Stella, Kristensen, Vessela N, Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke, Lambrechts, Diether, Larsson, Susanna C, Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Lazaro, Conxi, Lazarova, Emilija, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Leslie, Goska, Lesueur, Fabienne, Lindblom, Annika, Lissowska, Jolanta, Lo, Wing-Yee, Loud, Jennifer T, Lubinski, Jan, Lukomska, Alicja, MacInnis, Robert J, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martinez, Maria Elena, Matricardi, Laura, McGuffog, Lesley, McLean, Catriona, Mebirouk, Noura, Meindl, Alfons, Menon, Usha, Miller, Austin, Mingazheva, Elvira, Montagna, Marco, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Mulot, Claire, Muranen, Taru A, Nathanson, Katherine L, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Neven, Patrick, Newman, William G, Nielsen, Finn C, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nodora, Jesse, Offit, Kenneth, Olah, Edith, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Olsson, Håkan, Orr, Nick, Papi, Laura, Papp, Janos, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Parsons, Michael T, Peissel, Bernard, Peixoto, Ana, Peshkin, Beth, Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Phillips, Kelly-Anne, Piedmonte, Marion, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Prajzendanc, Karolina, Prentice, Ross, Prokofyeva, Darya, Rack, Brigitte, Radice, Paolo, Ramus, Susan J, Rantala, Johanna, Rashid, Muhammad U, Rennert, Gad, Rennert, Hedy S, Risch, Harvey A, Romero, Atocha, Rookus, Matti A, Rübner, Matthias, Rüdiger, Thomas, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sampson, Sarah, Sandler, Dale P, Sawyer, Elinor J, Scheuner, Maren T, Schmutzler, Rita K, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Schöttker, Ben, Schürmann, Peter, Senter, Leigha, Sharma, Priyanka, Sherman, Mark E, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Singer, Christian F, Smichkoska, Snezhana, Soucy, Penny, Southey, Melissa C, Spinelli, John J, Stone, Jennifer, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, EMBRACE Study, GEMO Study Collaborators, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Szabo, Csilla I, Tamimi, Rulla M, Tapper, William J, Taylor, Jack A, Teixeira, Manuel R, Terry, MaryBeth, Thomassen, Mads, Thull, Darcy L, Tischkowitz, Marc, Toland, Amanda E, Tollenaar, Rob AEM, Tomlinson, Ian, Torres, Diana, Troester, Melissa A, Truong, Thérèse, Tung, Nadine, Untch, Michael, Vachon, Celine M, van den Ouweland, Ans MW, van der Kolk, Lizet E, van Veen, Elke M, vanRensburg, Elizabeth J, Vega, Ana, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Weinberg, Clarice R, Weitzel, Jeffrey N, Wildiers, Hans, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Yang, Xiaohong R, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Zheng, Wei, Zorn, Kristin K, Milne, Roger L, Kraft, Peter, Simard, Jacques, Pharoah, Paul DP, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Antoniou, Antonis C, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Easton, Douglas F, Chatterjee, Nilanjan, García-Closas, Montserrat, Barnes, Daniel [0000-0002-3781-7570], O'Mara, Tracy A [0000-0002-5436-3232], Dunning, Alison M [0000-0001-6651-7166], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Andrulis, Irene L [0000-0002-4226-6435], Arndt, Volker [0000-0001-9320-8684], Azzollini, Jacopo [0000-0002-9364-9778], Bojesen, Stig E [0000-0002-4061-4133], Bonanni, Bernardo [0000-0003-3589-2128], Brauch, Hiltrud [0000-0001-7531-2736], Caldés, Trinidad [0000-0002-1038-5392], Calvello, Mariarosaria [0000-0003-2113-8503], Chanock, Stephen J [0000-0002-2324-3393], Claes, Kathleen BM [0000-0003-0841-7372], Devilee, Peter [0000-0002-8023-2009], Dörk, Thilo [0000-0002-9458-0282], Dwek, Miriam [0000-0001-7184-2932], Ekici, Arif B [0000-0001-6099-7066], Fasching, Peter A [0000-0003-4885-8471], García-Sáenz, José A [0000-0001-6880-0301], Gayther, Simon A [0000-0001-7937-5443], Giles, Graham G [0000-0003-4946-9099], Greene, Mark H [0000-0003-1852-9239], Guénel, Pascal [0000-0002-8359-518X], Harkness, Elaine F [0000-0001-6625-7739], Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Bernadette AM [0000-0002-9724-6693], Hollestelle, Antoinette [0000-0003-1166-1966], Huebner, Hanna [0000-0001-6889-1493], Hulick, Peter J [0000-0001-8397-4078], Jakimovska, Milena [0000-0002-1506-0669], Jakubowska, Anna [0000-0002-5650-0501], James, Paul [0000-0002-4361-4657], Jones, Michael E [0000-0001-7479-3451], Kapoor, Pooja Middha [0000-0001-5503-8215], Keeman, Renske [0000-0002-5452-9933], Konstantopoulou, Irene [0000-0002-0470-0309], Larsson, Susanna C [0000-0003-0118-0341], Laurent-Puig, Pierre [0000-0001-8475-5459], Leslie, Goska [0000-0001-5756-6222], Lesueur, Fabienne [0000-0001-7404-4549], Lissowska, Jolanta [0000-0003-2695-5799], Matricardi, Laura [0000-0002-0241-1810], McLean, Catriona [0000-0002-0302-5727], Menon, Usha [0000-0003-3708-1732], Miller, Austin [0000-0001-9739-8462], Muranen, Taru A [0000-0002-5895-1808], Nathanson, Katherine L [0000-0002-6740-0901], Nevanlinna, Heli [0000-0002-0916-2976], Newman, William G [0000-0002-6382-4678], Olopade, Olufunmilayo I [0000-0002-9936-1599], Orr, Nick [0000-0003-2866-942X], Parsons, Michael T [0000-0003-3242-8477], Peshkin, Beth [0000-0002-2997-4701], Peterlongo, Paolo [0000-0001-6951-6855], Peto, Julian [0000-0002-1685-8912], Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana [0000-0001-8877-2416], Radice, Paolo [0000-0001-6298-4111], Rennert, Gad [0000-0002-8512-068X], Romero, Atocha [0000-0002-1634-7397], Saloustros, Emmanouil [0000-0002-0485-0120], Stone, Jennifer [0000-0001-5077-0124], Teixeira, Manuel R [0000-0002-4896-5982], Toland, Amanda E [0000-0002-0271-1792], Tomlinson, Ian [0000-0003-3037-1470], van Veen, Elke M [0000-0001-8618-2332], vanRensburg, Elizabeth J [0000-0003-2077-230X], Weitzel, Jeffrey N [0000-0001-6714-092X], Winqvist, Robert [0000-0003-0932-9104], Wolk, Alicja [0000-0001-7387-6845], Yannoukakos, Drakoulis [0000-0001-7509-3510], Zheng, Wei [0000-0003-1226-070X], Milne, Roger L [0000-0001-5764-7268], Kraft, Peter [0000-0002-4472-8103], Simard, Jacques [0000-0001-6906-3390], Pharoah, Paul DP [0000-0001-8494-732X], Michailidou, Kyriaki [0000-0001-7065-1237], Schmidt, Marjanka K [0000-0002-2228-429X], Easton, Douglas F [0000-0003-2444-3247], Chatterjee, Nilanjan [0000-0002-9060-008X], García-Closas, Montserrat [0000-0003-1033-2650], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
BRCA1 Protein, Case-Control Studies, Mutation, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Linkage Disequilibrium, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype1-3. To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P

Published
2020

19. Transcriptome‐wide association study of breast cancer risk by estrogen‐receptor status

Author

Feng, Helian, Gusev, Alexander, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Wu, Lang, Long, Jirong, Abu-Full, Zomoroda, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antoniou, Antonis C, Arason, Adalgeir, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Arun, Banu K, Asseryanis, Ella, Auer, Paul L, Azzollini, Jacopo, Balmaña, Judith, Barkardottir, Rosa B, Barnes, Daniel R, Barrowdale, Daniel, Beckmann, Matthias W, Behrens, Sabine, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Białkowska, Katarzyna, Blanco, Ana, Blomqvist, Carl, Boeckx, Bram, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Bonanni, Bernardo, Borg, Ake, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Briceno, Ignacio, Broeks, Annegien, Brüning, Thomas, Burwinkel, Barbara, Cai, Qiuyin, Caldés, Trinidad, Caligo, Maria A, Campbell, Ian, Canisius, Sander, Campa, Daniele, Carter, Brian D, Carter, Jonathan, Castelao, Jose E, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Christiansen, Hans, Chung, Wendy K, Claes, Kathleen BM, Clarke, Christine L, GEMO Study Collaborators, EMBRACE Collaborators, GC-HBOC study Collaborators, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Cybulski, Cezary, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, de la Hoya, Miguel, De Leeneer, Kim, Dennis, Joe, Devilee, Peter, Diez, Orland, Domchek, Susan M, Dörk, Thilo, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Dunning, Alison M, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Ejlertsen, Bent, Ellberg, Carolina, Engel, Christoph, Eriksson, Mikael, Fasching, Peter A, Fletcher, Olivia, Flyger, Henrik, Fostira, Florentia, Friedman, Eitan, Fritschi, Lin, Frost, Debra, Gabrielson, Marike, Ganz, Patricia A, Gapstur, Susan M, Garber, Judy, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A, Gaudet, Mia M, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K, Goldberg, Mark S, Goldgar, David E, González-Neira, Anna, Greene, Mark H, Gronwald, Jacek, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hake, Christopher, He, Wei, Heyworth, Jane, Hogervorst, Frans BL, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J, Hoover, Robert N, Hopper, John L, Huang, Guanmengqian, Hulick, Peter J, Humphreys, Keith, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, ABCTB Investigators, HEBON Investigators, BCFR Investigators, OCGN Investigators, Isaacs, Claudine, Jakimovska, Milena, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul, Janavicius, Ramunas, Jankowitz, Rachel C, John, Esther M, Johnson, Nichola, Joseph, Vijai, Jung, Audrey, Karlan, Beth Y, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kiiski, Johanna I, Konstantopoulou, Irene, Kristensen, Vessela N, Laitman, Yael, Lambrechts, Diether, Lazaro, Conxi, Leroux, Dominique, Leslie, Goska, Lester, Jenny, Lesueur, Fabienne, Lindor, Noralane, Lindström, Sara, Lo, Wing-Yee, Loud, Jennifer T, Lubiński, Jan, Makalic, Enes, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martens, John WM, Martinez, Maria E, Matricardi, Laura, Maurer, Tabea, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, McGuffog, Lesley, Meindl, Alfons, Menon, Usha, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Kapoor, Pooja M, Miller, Austin, Montagna, Marco, Moreno, Fernando, Moserle, Lidia, Mulligan, Anna M, Muranen, Taru A, Nathanson, Katherine L, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Nevelsteen, Ines, Nielsen, Finn C, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Offit, Kenneth, Olah, Edith, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Olsson, Håkan, Osorio, Ana, Papp, Janos, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Parsons, Michael T, Pedersen, Inge S, Peixoto, Ana, Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Pharoah, Paul DP, Phillips, Kelly-Anne, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Poppe, Bruce, Pradhan, Nisha, Prajzendanc, Karolina, Presneau, Nadege, Punie, Kevin, Pylkäs, Katri, Radice, Paolo, Rantala, Johanna, Rashid, Muhammad Usman, Rennert, Gad, Risch, Harvey A, Robson, Mark, Romero, Atocha, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P, Santos, Catarina, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Schmidt, Daniel F, Schmutzler, Rita K, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Scott, Rodney J, Sharma, Priyanka, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Simard, Jacques, Singer, Christian F, Skytte, Anne-Bine, Soucy, Penny, Southey, Melissa C, Spinelli, John J, Spurdle, Amanda B, Stone, Jennifer, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Tapper, William J, Taylor, Jack A, Teixeira, Manuel R, Terry, Mary Beth, Teulé, Alex, Thomassen, Mads, Thöne, Kathrin, Thull, Darcy L, Tischkowitz, Marc, Toland, Amanda E, Tollenaar, Rob AEM, Torres, Diana, Truong, Thérèse, Tung, Nadine, Vachon, Celine M, van Asperen, Christi J, van den Ouweland, Ans MW, van Rensburg, Elizabeth J, Vega, Ana, Viel, Alessandra, Vieiro-Balo, Paula, Wang, Qin, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Weinberg, Clarice R, Weitzel, Jeffrey N, Wendt, Camilla, Winqvist, Robert, Yang, Xiaohong R, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Ziogas, Argyrios, Milne, Roger L, Easton, Douglas F, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Zheng, Wei, Kraft, Peter, Jiang, Xia, Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Antoniou, Antonis [0000-0001-9223-3116], Barnes, Daniel [0000-0002-3781-7570], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Dunning, Alison [0000-0001-6651-7166], Leslie, Goska [0000-0001-5756-6222], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Tischkowitz, Marc [0000-0002-7880-0628], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Medical Oncology, Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology (GSB) Research Program, HUSLAB, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital Area, University of Helsinki, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Clinicum, INDIVIDRUG - Individualized Drug Therapy, HUS Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biosciences, Institut Català de la Salut, [Feng H] Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. [Gusev A] Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. [Pasaniuc B] UCLA Path & Lab Med, Los Angeles, California. [Wu L] Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. [Long J] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. [Abu-full Z] Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel. [Balmaña J] High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. [Diez O] Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Subjects
Oncology, Epidemiology, Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Breast Neoplasms [DISEASES], Genetic Phenomena::Genotype::Genetic Predisposition to Disease [PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES], Vesicular Transport Proteins, Estrogen receptor, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, Transcriptome, Breast cancer, Brjóstakrabbamein, Receptors, Medicine and Health Sciences, GWAS, skin and connective tissue diseases, Estrogen Receptor Status, Genetics (clinical), Genetics & Heredity, neoplasias::neoplasias por localización::neoplasias de la mama [ENFERMEDADES], 0303 health sciences, Gen, 030305 genetics & heredity, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, Causal gene, Genomics, CARRIERS, STATISTICS, 3. Good health, Receptors, Estrogen, breast cancer subtype, causal gene, TWAS, Breast Neoplasms, Estrogens, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Risk Assessment, Genome-Wide Association Study, Medical genetics, Breast Cancer Genetics, Erfðarannsóknir, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, EXPRESSION, medicine.medical_specialty, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, 3122 Cancers, Estrògens, Biology, Article, Càncer de mama, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, Krabbameinsrannsóknir, medicine, fenómenos genéticos::genotipo::predisposición genética a la enfermedad [FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS], 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Science & Technology, IDENTIFICATION, medicine.disease, Estrogen, TISSUE, Breast cancer subtype, Mama - Càncer - Aspectes genètics, Mathematical & Computational Biology
Abstract

Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Previous transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified breast cancer risk genes by integrating data from expression quantitative loci and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but analyses of breast cancer subtype-specific associations have been limited. In this study, we conducted a TWAS using gene expression data from GTEx and summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS meta-analysis conducted for breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor subtypes (ER+ and ER−). We further compared associations with ER+ and ER− subtypes, using a case-only TWAS approach. We also conducted multigene conditional analyses in regions with multiple TWAS associations. Two genes, STXBP4 and HIST2H2BA, were specifically associated with ER+ but not with ER– breast cancer. We further identified 30 TWAS-significant genes associated with overall breast cancer risk, including four that were not identified in previous studies. Conditional analyses identified single independent breast-cancer gene in three of six regions harboring multiple TWAS-significant genes. Our study provides new information on breast cancer genetics and biology, particularly about genomic differences between ER+ and ER− breast cancer., The authors thank the Cellex Foundation for providing research facilities and equipment. The breast cancer genome‐wide association (BCAC) is funded by Cancer Research UK (C1287/A16563, C1287/A10118), the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant nos. 634935 and 633784 for BRIDGES and B‐CAST, respectively), and by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement number 223175 (grant no. HEALTH‐F2‐2009‐223175) (COGS). The EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme funding source had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. Genotyping of the OncoArray was funded by the NIH grant U19 CA148065, and Cancer UK grant C1287/A16563 and the PERSPECTIVE project supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant GPH‐129344), and the Ministère de l’Économie, Science et Innovation du Québec through Genome Québec and the PSRSIIRI‐701 grant, and the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. Funding for the iCOGS infrastructure came from: the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 223175 (HEALTH‐F2‐2009‐223175; COGS), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118, C1287/A10710, C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, and C8197/A16565), the National Institutes of Health (CA128978) and Post‐Cancer GWAS initiative (1U19 CA148537, 1U19 CA148065, and 1U19 CA148112—the GAME‐ON initiative), the Department of Defence (W81XWH‐10‐1‐0341), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer, and Komen Foundation for the Cure, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund. The DRIVE Consortium was funded by U19 CA148065. The Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS) was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute (USA). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the USA Government or the BCFR. The ABCFS was also supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the New South Wales Cancer Council, the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (Australia) and the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium. J. L. H. is a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Principal Research Fellow. M. C. S. is an NHMRC Senior Research Fellow. The ABCS study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society (grants NKI 2007‐3839; 2009 4363). The Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank (ABCTB) is generously supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, The Cancer Institute NSW and the National Breast Cancer Foundation. The ACP study is funded by the Breast Cancer Research Trust, UK. The AHS study is supported by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute (grant no. Z01‐CP010119), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant no. Z01‐ES049030). The work of the BBCC was partly funded by ELAN‐Fond of the University Hospital of Erlangen. The BBCS is funded by Cancer Research UK and Breast Cancer Now and acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN). The BCEES was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia and the Cancer Council Western Australia and acknowledges funding from the National Breast Cancer Foundation (JS). For the BCFR‐NY, BCFR‐PA, BCFR‐UT this work was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the BCFR. For BIGGS, E. S. is supported by NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, United Kingdom. I. T. is supported by the Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. B. O. C. S. is supported by funds from Cancer Research UK (C8620/A8372/A15106) and the Institute of Cancer Research (UK). B. O. C. S. acknowledges NHS funding to the Royal Marsden/Institute of Cancer Research NIHR Specialist Cancer Biomedical Research Centre. The BREast Oncology GAlician Network (BREOGAN) is funded by Acción Estratégica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS PI12/02125/Cofinanciado FEDER; Acción Estratégica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS Intrasalud (PI13/01136); Programa Grupos Emergentes, Cancer Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica Galicia Sur. Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo‐SERGAS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Grant 10CSA012E, Consellería de Industria Programa Sectorial de Investigación Aplicada, PEME I + D e I + D Suma del Plan Gallego de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica de la Consellería de Industria de la Xunta de Galicia, Spain (grant EC11‐192). Fomento de la Investigación Clínica Independiente, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Spain; and Grant FEDER‐Innterconecta. Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Xunta de Galicia, Spain. The BSUCH study was supported by the Dietmar‐Hopp Foundation, the Helmholtz Society and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). The CAMA study was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT; SALUD‐2002‐C01‐7462). Sample collection and processing were funded in part by grants from the National Cancer Institute (NCI R01CA120120 and K24CA169004). C. B. C. S. is funded by the Canadian Cancer Society (grant no. 313404) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. C. C. G. P. is supported by funding from the University of Crete. The CECILE study was supported by Fondation de France, Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). The CGPS was supported by the Chief Physician Johan Boserup and Lise Boserup Fund, the Danish Medical Research Council, and Herlev and Gentofte Hospital. The CNIO‐BCS was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer and grants from the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer and the Fondo de Investigación Sanitario (PI11/00923 and PI12/00070). COLBCCC is supported by the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Diana Torres was in part supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The American Cancer Society funds the creation, maintenance, and updating of the CPS‐II cohort. The CTS was initially supported by the California Breast Cancer Act of 1993 and the California Breast Cancer Research Fund (contract 97‐10500) and is currently funded through the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA77398, UM1 CA164917, and U01 CA199277). The collection of cancer incidence data was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885. HAC receives support from the Lon V Smith Foundation (LVS39420). The University of Westminster curates the DietCompLyf database funded by Against Breast Cancer Registered Charity No. 1121258 and the NCRN. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG‐SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro‐AIRC‐Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPIC‐Murcia, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC‐Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC‐Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC‐Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC‐Oxford) (United Kingdom). The ESTHER study was supported by a grant from the Baden Württemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts. Additional cases were recruited in the context of the VERDI study, which was supported by a grant from the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe). FHRISK is funded from NIHR grant PGfAR 0707‐10031. The GC‐HBOC (German Consortium of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer) is supported by the German Cancer Aid (grant no 110837, coordinator: Rita K. Schmutzler, Cologne). This work was also funded by the European Regional Development Fund and Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE—Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, project numbers 713‐241202, 713‐241202, 14505/2470, 14575/2470). The GENICA was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany grants 01KW9975/5, 01KW9976/8, 01KW9977/0 and 01KW0114, the Robert Bosch Foundation, Stuttgart, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, as well as the Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany. The GEPARSIXTO study was conducted by the German Breast Group GmbH. The GESBC was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e. V. (70492) and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). GLACIER was supported by Breast Cancer Now, CRUK and Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. The HABCS study was supported by the Claudia von Schilling Foundation for Breast Cancer Research, by the Lower Saxonian Cancer Society, and by the Rudolf Bartling Foundation. The HEBCS was financially supported by the Helsinki University Hospital Research Fund, the Finnish Cancer Society, and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. The HERPACC was supported by MEXT Kakenhi (No. 170150181 and 26253041) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan, by a Grant‐in‐Aid for the Third Term Comprehensive 10‐Year Strategy for Cancer Control from Ministry Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, by Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for Research on Applying Health Technology from Ministry Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, by National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund, and “Practical Research for Innovative Cancer Control (15ck0106177h0001)” from Japan Agency for Medical Research and development, AMED, and Cancer Bio Bank Aichi. The HMBCS was supported by a grant from the Friends of Hannover Medical School and by the Rudolf Bartling Foundation. The HUBCS was supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (RUS08/017) and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations for supporting the Bioresource collections and RFBR grants 14‐04‐97088, 17‐29‐06014, and 17‐44‐020498. ICICLE was supported by Breast Cancer Now, CRUK and Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. Financial support for KARBAC was provided through the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Cancer Society, The Gustav V Jubilee foundation and Bert von Kantzows foundation. The KARMA study was supported by Märit and Hans Rausings Initiative Against Breast Cancer. The KBCP was financially supported by the special Government Funding (EVO) of Kuopio University Hospital grants, Cancer Fund of North Savo, the Finnish Cancer Organizations, and the strategic funding of the University of Eastern Finland. The kConFab Follow‐Up Study is supported by grants from Cancer Australia, the Australian National Breast Cancer Foundation, the National Health and Medical Research Council, the National Institute of Health USA, the Queensland Cancer Fund, the Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, and the Cancer Foundation of Western Australia. KAP is an Australian National Breast Cancer Foundation Practitioner Fellow. Financial support for the AOCS was provided by the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (DAMD17‐01‐1‐0729), Cancer Council Victoria, Queensland Cancer Fund, Cancer Council New South Wales, Cancer Council South Australia, The Cancer Foundation of Western Australia, Cancer Council Tasmania and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC; 400413, 400281, and 199600). G. C. T. and P. W. are supported by the NHMRC. R. B. was a Cancer Institute NSW Clinical Research Fellow. The KOHBRA study was partially supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), and the National R&D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HI16C1127; 1020350; 1420190). L. A. A. B. C. is supported by grants (1RB‐0287, 3PB‐0102, 5PB‐0018, and 10PB‐0098) from the California Breast Cancer Research Program. Incident breast cancer cases were collected by the USC Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP) which is supported under subcontract by the California Department of Health. The CSP is also part of the National Cancer Institute's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, under contract number N01CN25403. L. M. B. C. is supported by the “Stichting tegen Kanker.” D. L. is supported by the FWO. The MABCS study is funded by the Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov” and supported by the German Academic Exchange Program, DAAD. The MARIE study was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V. (70‐2892‐BR I, 106332, 108253, 108419, 110826, 110828), the Hamburg Cancer Society, the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany (01KH0402). MBCSG is supported by grants from the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) and by funds from the Italian citizens who allocated the 5/1,000 share of their tax payment in support of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, according to Italian laws (INT‐Institutional strategic projects “5 × 1,000”). The MCBCS was supported by the NIH grants CA192393, CA116167, CA176785, and NIH Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA116201), and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and a generous gift from the David F. and Margaret T. Grohne Family Foundation. The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS) cohort recruitment was funded by VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria. The MCCS was further augmented by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council grants 209057, 396414, and 1074383 and by infrastructure provided by Cancer Council Victoria. Cases and their vital status were ascertained through the Victorian Cancer Registry and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, including the National Death Index and the Australian Cancer Database.” The MEC was supported by NIH grants CA63464, CA54281, CA098758, CA132839, and CA164973. The MISS study is supported by funding from ERC‐2011‐294576 Advanced grant, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council, Local hospital funds, Berta Kamprad Foundation, Gunnar Nilsson. The MMHS study was supported by NIH grants CA97396, CA128931, CA116201, CA140286, and CA177150. M. S. K. C. C. is supported by grants from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative. The work of MTLGEBCS was supported by the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program—grant no. CRN‐87521 and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade—grant no. PSR‐SIIRI‐701. MYBRCA is funded by research grants from the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (UM.C/HlR/MOHE/06) and Cancer Research Malaysia. MYMAMMO is supported by research grants from Yayasan Sime Darby LPGA Tournament and Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (RP046B‐15HTM). The NBCS has been supported by the Research Council of Norway grant 193387/V50 (to A.‐L. B.‐D. and V. N. K.) and grant 193387/H10 (to A.‐L. B.‐D. and V. N. K.), South‐Eastern Norway Health Authority (grant 39346 to A.‐L.B‐D. and 27208 to V. N. K.) and the Norwegian Cancer Society (to A.‐L. B.‐D. and 419616‐71248‐PR‐2006‐0282 to V. N. K.). It has received funding from the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research (2012‐2015). The NBHS was supported by NIH grant R01CA100374. Biological sample preparation was conducted the Survey and Biospecimen Shared Resource, which is supported by P30 CA68485. The Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry (NC‐BCFR) and Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry (OFBCR) were supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute (USA). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the USA Government or the BCFR. The Carolina Breast Cancer Study was funded by Komen Foundation, the National Cancer Institute (P50 CA058223, U54 CA156733, and U01 CA179715), and the North Carolina University Cancer Research Fund. The NGOBCS was supported by Grants‐in‐Aid for the Third Term Comprehensive Ten‐Year Strategy for Cancer Control from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, and for Scientific Research on Priority Areas, 17015049 and for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, 221S0001, from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. The NHS was supported by NIH grants P01 CA87969, UM1 CA186107, and U19 CA148065. The NHS2 was supported by NIH grants UM1 CA176726 and U19 CA148065. The OBCS was supported by research grants from the Finnish Cancer Foundation, the Academy of Finland (grant no. 250083, 122715 and Center of Excellence grant no. 251314), the Finnish Cancer Foundation, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, the University of Oulu, the University of Oulu Support Foundation and the special Governmental EVO funds for Oulu University Hospital‐based research activities. The ORIGO study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society (RUL 1997‐1505) and the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI‐NL CP16). The PBCS was funded by Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA. Genotyping for PLCO was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NCI, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. The PLCO is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and supported by contracts from the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. The POSH study is funded by Cancer Research UK (grants C1275/A11699, C1275/C22524, C1275/A19187, C1275/A15956, and Breast Cancer Campaign 2010PR62, 2013PR044. PROCAS is funded from NIHR grant PGfAR 0707‐10031. The RBCS was funded by the Dutch Cancer Society (DDHK 2004‐3124, DDHK 2009‐4318). The SASBAC study was supported by funding from the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research of Singapore (A*STAR), the US National Institute of Health (NIH) and the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. The SBCGS was supported primarily by NIH grants R01CA64277, R01CA148667, UMCA182910, and R37CA70867. Biological sample preparation was conducted the Survey and Biospecimen Shared Resource, which is supported by P30 CA68485. The scientific development and funding of this project were, in part, supported by the Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME‐ON) Network U19 CA148065. The SBCS was supported by Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and Breast Cancer Now Tissue Bank. The SCCS is supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA092447). Data on SCCS cancer cases used in this publication were provided by the Alabama Statewide Cancer Registry; Kentucky Cancer Registry, Lexington, KY; Tennessee Department of Health, Office of Cancer Surveillance; Florida Cancer Data System; North Carolina Central Cancer Registry, North Carolina Division of Public Health; Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry; Louisiana Tumor Registry; Mississippi Cancer Registry; South Carolina Central Cancer Registry; Virginia Department of Health, Virginia Cancer Registry; Arkansas Department of Health, Cancer Registry, 4815 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205. The Arkansas Central Cancer Registry is fully funded by a grant from the National Program of Cancer Registries, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data on SCCS cancer cases from Mississippi were collected by the Mississippi Cancer Registry which participates in the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC or the Mississippi Cancer Registry. SEARCH is funded by Cancer Research UK (C490/A10124 and C490/A16561) and supported by the UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University of Cambridge. The University of Cambridge has received salary support for PDPP from the NHS in the East of England through the Clinical Academic Reserve. SEBCS was supported by the BRL (Basic Research Laboratory) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012‐0000347). SGBCC is funded by the NUS start‐up Grant, National University Cancer Institute Singapore (NCIS) Centre Grant and the NMRC Clinician Scientist Award. Additional controls were recruited by the Singapore Consortium of Cohort Studies‐Multi‐ethnic cohort (SCCS‐MEC), which was funded by the Biomedical Research Council, grant no. 05/1/21/19/425. The Sister Study (SISTER) is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01‐ES044005 and Z01‐ES049033). The Two Sister Study (2SISTER) was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01‐ES044005 and Z01‐ES102245), and, also by a grant from Susan G. Komen for the Cure, grant FAS0703856. SKKDKFZS is supported by the DKFZ. The SMC is funded by the Swedish Cancer Foundation. The SZBCS and IHCC were supported by Grant PBZ_KBN_122/P05/2004 and the program of the Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name “Regional Initiative of Excellence” in 2019–2022 project number 002/RID/2018/19 amount of financing 12,000,000 PLN. The TBCS was funded by The National Cancer Institute of Thailand. The TNBCC was supported by a Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA116201), a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, a generous gift from the David F. and Margaret T. Grohne Family Foundation. The TWBCS is supported by the Taiwan Biobank project of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. The UCIBCS component of this research was supported by the NIH (CA58860 and CA92044) and the Lon V Smith Foundation (LVS39420). The UKBGS is funded by Breast Cancer Now and the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London and also thank the study participants, study staff, and the doctors, nurses and other health care providers and health information sources who have contributed to the study. ICR acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. The UKOPS study was funded by The Eve Appeal (The Oak Foundation) and supported by the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. The US3SS study was supported by Massachusetts (K. M. E., R01CA47305), Wisconsin (P. A. N., R01 CA47147), and New Hampshire (L. T.‐E., R01CA69664) centers, and Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA. The USRT Study was funded by Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA. The WAABCS study was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA89085 and P50 CA125183 and the D43 TW009112 grant), Susan G. Komen (SAC110026), Dr. Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust, and the Avon Foundation for Women. The WHI program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the US National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHSN268201100046C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, and HHSN271201100004C). This work was also funded by NCI U19 CA148065‐01. D. G. E. is supported by the all Manchester NIHR Biomedical research center Manchester (IS‐BRC‐1215‐20007). HUNBOCS, Hungarian Breast, and Ovarian Cancer Study were supported by Hungarian Research Grant KTIA‐OTKA CK‐80745, NKFI_OTKA K‐112228. C. I. received support from the Survey, Recruitment, and Biospecimen Shared Resource at Georgetown University (NIH/NCI P30‐CA‐51008) and the Jess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics Research. K. M. is supported by CRUK C18281/A19169. City of Hope Clinical Cancer Community Research Network and the Hereditary Cancer Research Registry, supported in part by Award Number RC4CA153828 (PI: J Weitzel) from the National Cancer Institute and the office of the Director, National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The ICO study is supported by the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), The Instituto de Salud Carlos III (organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), una manera de hacer Europa” (PI10/01422, PI13/00285, PIE13/00022, PI15/00854, PI16/00563, and CIBERONC) and The Institut Català de la Salut and Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2009SGR290, 2014SGR338 and PERIS Project MedPerCan). Dr. Beth Karlan is funded by the American Cancer Society Early Detection Professorship (SIOP‐06‐258‐01‐COUN) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), grant UL1TR000124. A.V. is supported by the Spanish Health Research Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), partially supported by FEDER funds through Research Activity Intensification Program (contract grant nos. INT15/00070, INT16/00154, INT17/00133), and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enferemdades Raras CIBERER (ACCI 2016: ER17P1AC7112/2018); Autonomous Government of Galicia (Consolidation and structuring program: IN607B), and by the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (call 2018). The GEMO resource was initially funded by the French National Institute of Cancer (INCa, PHRC Ile de France, grant AOR 01 082, 2001–2003, grant 2013‐1‐BCB‐01‐ICH‐1), the Association “Le cancer du sein, parlons‐en!” Award (2004) the Association for International Cancer Research (2008–2010), and the Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer (grant PJA 20151203365). It also received support from the Canadian Institute of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program (2008–2013), and the European commission FP7, Project «Collaborative Ovarian, breast and prostate Gene‐environment Study (COGS), Large‐scale integrating project» (2009–2013). G. E. M. O. is currently supported by the INCa grant SHS‐E‐SP 18‐015. OSUCCC was funded by the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. Leigha Senter, Kevin Sweet, Caroline Craven, Julia Cooper, Amber Aielts, and Michelle O'Conor aided in the recruitment of BRCA1/2 study participants and data collection. Robert Pilarski aided in recruitment and data collection of TNBC cases from the Stefanie Spielman Breast Bank. Clinical Genetics Branch, NCI: the Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute, NIH, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and by support services contracts NO2‐CP‐11019‐50, N02‐CP‐21013‐63 and N02‐CP‐65504 with Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD. ILUH was funded by the Icelandic Association “Walking for Breast Cancer Research” and by the Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund. The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON) consists of the following Collaborating Centers: Netherlands Cancer Institute (coordinating center), Amsterdam, NL: M.A. Rookus, F.B.L. Hogervorst, F.E. van Leeuwen, M.A. Adank, M.K. Schmidt, D.J. Jenner; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL: J.M. Collée, A.M.W. van den Ouweland, M.J. Hooning, I.A. Boere; Leiden University Medical Center, NL: C.J. van Asperen, P. Devilee, R.B. van der Luijt, T.C.T.E.F. van Cronenburg; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, NL: M.R. Wevers, A.R. Mensenkamp; University Medical Center Utrecht, NL: M.G.E.M. Ausems, M.J. Koudijs; Amsterdam Medical Center, NL: E.J. Meijers‐Heijboer, T.A.M. van Os; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL: K. van Engelen, J.J.P. Gille; Maastricht University Medical Center, NL: E.B. Gómez‐Garcia, M.J. Blok, M. de Boer; University of Groningen, NL: J.C. Oosterwijk, A.H. van der Hout, M.J.E. Mourits, G.H. de Bock; The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL): S. Siesling, J. Verloop; The nationwide network and registry of histo‐ and cyto‐pathology in the Netherlands (PALGA): E.C. van den Broek. HEBON thanks the study participants and the registration teams of IKNL and PALGA for part of the data collection. The HEBON study is supported by the Dutch Cancer Society grants NKI1998‐1854, NKI2004‐3088, NKI2007‐3756, the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research grant NWO 91109024, the Pink Ribbon grants 110005 and 2014‐187.WO76, the BBMRI grant NWO 184.021.007/CP46, and the Transcan grant JTC 2012 Cancer 12‐054. N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 17‐00‐00171, 18‐515‐45012 and 19‐515‐25001).

Published
2020

20. Genome-wide association study of germline variants and breast cancer-specific mortality

Author

Escala-Garcia, Maria, Guo, Qi, Dörk, Thilo, Canisius, Sander, Keeman, Renske, Dennis, Joe, Beesley, Jonathan, Lecarpentier, Julie, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Abraham, Jean, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Auer, Paul L, Beckmann, Matthias W, Behrens, Sabine, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bernstein, Leslie, Blomqvist, Carl, Boeckx, Bram, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonanni, Bernardo, Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Brentnall, Adam, Brinton, Louise, Broberg, Per, Brock, Ian W, Brucker, Sara Y, Burwinkel, Barbara, Caldas, Carlos, Caldés, Trinidad, Campa, Daniele, Canzian, Federico, Carracedo, Angel, Carter, Brian D, Castelao, Jose E, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Cheng, Ting-Yuan David, Chin, Suet-Feung, Clarke, Christine L, NBCS Collaborators, Cordina-Duverger, Emilie, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, David G, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, Devilee, Peter, Dunn, Janet A, Dunning, Alison M, Durcan, Lorraine, Dwek, Miriam, Earl, Helena M, Ekici, Arif B, Eliassen, A Heather, Ellberg, Carolina, Engel, Christoph, Eriksson, Mikael, Evans, D Gareth, Figueroa, Jonine, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Flyger, Henrik, Gabrielson, Marike, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Galle, Eva, Gapstur, Susan M, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A, Gaudet, Mia M, George, Angela, Georgoulias, Vassilios, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Goldgar, David E, González-Neira, Anna, Alnæs, Grethe I Grenaker, Grip, Mervi, Guénel, Pascal, Haeberle, Lothar, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hankinson, Susan, Harkness, Elaine F, Harrington, Patricia A, Hart, Steven N, Hartikainen, Jaana M, Hein, Alexander, Hillemanns, Peter, Hiller, Louise, Holleczek, Bernd, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J, Hoover, Robert N, Hopper, John L, Howell, Anthony, Huang, Guanmengqian, Humphreys, Keith, Hunter, David J, Janni, Wolfgang, John, Esther M, Jones, Michael E, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Jung, Audrey, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kabisch, Maria, Kaczmarek, Katarzyna, Kerin, Michael J, Khan, Sofia, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kiiski, Johanna I, Kitahara, Cari M, Knight, Julia A, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Koppert, Linetta B, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kraft, Peter, Kristensen, Vessela N, Krüger, Ute, Kühl, Tabea, Lambrechts, Diether, Le Marchand, Loic, Lee, Eunjung, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Li, Lian, Lindblom, Annika, Lindström, Sara, Linet, Martha, Lissowska, Jolanta, Lo, Wing-Yee, Loibl, Sibylle, Lubiński, Jan, Lux, Michael P, MacInnis, Robert J, Maierthaler, Melanie, Maishman, Tom, Makalic, Enes, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martinez, Maria Elena, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, McLean, Catriona, Meindl, Alfons, Middha, Pooja, Miller, Nicola, Milne, Roger L, Moreno, Fernando, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Mulot, Claire, Nassir, Rami, Neuhausen, Susan L, Newman, William T, Nielsen, Sune F, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Norman, Aaron, Olsson, Håkan, Orr, Nick, Pankratz, V Shane, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Perez, Jose IA, Pérez-Barrios, Clara, Peterlongo, Paolo, Petridis, Christos, Pinchev, Mila, Prajzendanc, Karoliona, Prentice, Ross, Presneau, Nadege, Prokofieva, Darya, Pylkäs, Katri, Rack, Brigitte, Radice, Paolo, Ramachandran, Dhanya, Rennert, Gadi, Rennert, Hedy S, Rhenius, Valerie, Romero, Atocha, Roylance, Rebecca, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schmidt, Daniel F, Schmutzler, Rita K, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Schumacher, Fredrick, Schwentner, Lukas, Scott, Rodney J, Scott, Christopher, Seynaeve, Caroline, Shah, Mitul, Simard, Jacques, Smeets, Ann, Sohn, Christof, Southey, Melissa C, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Talhouk, Aline, Tamimi, Rulla M, Tapper, William J, Teixeira, Manuel R, Tengström, Maria, Terry, Mary Beth, Thöne, Kathrin, Tollenaar, Rob AEM, Tomlinson, Ian, Torres, Diana, Truong, Thérèse, Turman, Constance, Turnbull, Clare, Ulmer, Hans-Ulrich, Untch, Michael, Vachon, Celine, van Asperen, Christi J, van den Ouweland, Ans MW, van Veen, Elke M, Wendt, Camilla, Whittemore, Alice S, Willett, Walter, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Yang, Xiaohong R, Zhang, Yan, Easton, Douglas F, Fasching, Peter A, Nevanlinna, Heli, Eccles, Diana M, Pharoah, Paul DP, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Wang, Jean [0000-0002-9139-0627], Abraham, Jean [0000-0003-0688-4807], Caldas, Carlos [0000-0003-3547-1489], Chin, Suet-Feung [0000-0001-5697-1082], Dunning, Alison [0000-0001-6651-7166], Earl, Helena [0000-0003-1549-8094], Rhenius, Valerie [0000-0003-4215-3235], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Receptors, Estrogen, Genetic Variation, Humans, Bayes Theorem, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Prognosis, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7, White People, Genome-Wide Association Study, Proportional Hazards Models
Abstract

BACKGROUND: We examined the associations between germline variants and breast cancer mortality using a large meta-analysis of women of European ancestry. METHODS: Meta-analyses included summary estimates based on Cox models of twelve datasets using ~10.4 million variants for 96,661 women with breast cancer and 7697 events (breast cancer-specific deaths). Oestrogen receptor (ER)-specific analyses were based on 64,171 ER-positive (4116) and 16,172 ER-negative (2125) patients. We evaluated the probability of a signal to be a true positive using the Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP). RESULTS: We did not find any variant associated with breast cancer-specific mortality at P

Published
2019

21. Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Identifies New Candidate Susceptibility Genes for Glioma

Author

Atkins, Isabelle, Kinnersley, Ben, Ostrom, Quinn T., Labreche, Karim, Il'yasova, Dora, Armstrong, Georgina N., Eckel-Passow, Jeanette E., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Nothen, Markus M., Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Simon, Matthias, Rajaraman, Preetha, Chanock, Stephen J., Shildkraut, Joellen, Bernstein, Jonine L., Hoffmann, Per, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Lai, Rose K., Claus, Elizabeth B., Olson, Sara H., Johansen, Christoffer, Wrensch, Margaret R., Melin, Beatrice, Jenkins, Robert B., Sanson, Marc, Bondy, Melissa L., and Houlston, Richard S.

Subjects
Genotype, Quantitative Trait Loci, Medizin, Glioma, Prognosis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, nervous system diseases, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Case-Control Studies, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Transcriptome, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have so far identified 25 loci associated with glioma risk, with most showing specificity for either glioblastoma (GBM) or non-GBM tumors. The majority of these GWAS susceptibility variants reside in non-coding regions and the causal genes underlying the associations are largely unknown. Here we performed a transcriptome-wide association study to search for novel risk loci and candidate causal genes at known GWAS loci using Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) data to predict cis-predicted gene expression in relation to GBM and non-GBM risk in conjunction with GWAS summary statistics on 12,488 glioma cases (6,183 GBM, 5,820 non-GBM) and 18,169 controls. Imposing a Bonferroni-corrected significance level of P

Published
2018

22. Genome-wide association study of glioma subtypes identifies specific differences in genetic susceptibility to glioblastoma and non-glioblastoma tumors

Author

Melin, Beatrice S, Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S, Wrensch, Margaret R, Johansen, Christoffer, Il'yasova, Dora, Kinnersley, Ben, Ostrom, Quinn T, Labreche, Karim, Chen, Yanwen, Armstrong, Georgina, Liu, Yanhong, Eckel-Passow, Jeanette E, Decker, Paul A, Labussière, Marianne, Idbaih, Ahmed, Hoang-Xuan, Khe, Di Stefano, Anna-Luisa, Mokhtari, Karima, Delattre, Jean-Yves, Broderick, Peter, Galan, Pilar, Gousias, Konstantinos, Schramm, Johannes, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Fleming, Sarah J, Herms, Stefan, Heilmann, Stefanie, Nöthen, Markus M, Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, Schreiber, Stefan, Swerdlow, Anthony, Lathrop, Mark, Simon, Matthias, Sanson, Marc, Andersson, Ulrika, Rajaraman, Preetha, Chanock, Stephen, Linet, Martha, Wang, Zhaoming, Yeager, Meredith, GliomaScan Consortium, Wiencke, John K, Hansen, Helen, McCoy, Lucie, Rice, Terri, Kosel, Matthew L, Sicotte, Hugues, Amos, Christopher I, Bernstein, Jonine L, Davis, Faith, Lachance, Dan, Lau, Ching, Merrell, Ryan T, Shildkraut, Joellen, Ali-Osman, Francis, Sadetzki, Siegal, Scheurer, Michael, Shete, Sanjay, Lai, Rose K, Claus, Elizabeth B, Olson, Sara H, Jenkins, Robert B, Houlston, Richard S, and Bondy, Melissa L

Subjects
Genotype, Quantitative Trait Loci, Medical and Health Sciences, Rare Diseases, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Genetics, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GliomaScan Consortium, Polymorphism, Alleles, Cancer, Neoplastic, Brain Neoplasms, Prevention, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Glioma, Single Nucleotide, Biological Sciences, Brain Disorders, Brain Cancer, Gene Expression Regulation, Glioblastoma, Genome-Wide Association Study, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of glioma susceptibility, but individual studies have had limited power to identify risk loci. We performed a meta-analysis of existing GWAS and two new GWAS, which totaled 12,496 cases and 18,190 controls. We identified five new loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 1p31.3 (rs12752552; P = 2.04 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.22), 11q14.1 (rs11233250; P = 9.95 × 10-10, OR = 1.24), 16p13.3 (rs2562152; P = 1.93 × 10-8, OR = 1.21), 16q12.1 (rs10852606; P = 1.29 × 10-11, OR = 1.18) and 22q13.1 (rs2235573; P = 1.76 × 10-10, OR = 1.15), as well as eight loci for non-GBM tumors at 1q32.1 (rs4252707; P = 3.34 × 10-9, OR = 1.19), 1q44 (rs12076373; P = 2.63 × 10-10, OR = 1.23), 2q33.3 (rs7572263; P = 2.18 × 10-10, OR = 1.20), 3p14.1 (rs11706832; P = 7.66 × 10-9, OR = 1.15), 10q24.33 (rs11598018; P = 3.39 × 10-8, OR = 1.14), 11q21 (rs7107785; P = 3.87 × 10-10, OR = 1.16), 14q12 (rs10131032; P = 5.07 × 10-11, OR = 1.33) and 16p13.3 (rs3751667; P = 2.61 × 10-9, OR = 1.18). These data substantiate that genetic susceptibility to GBM and non-GBM tumors are highly distinct, which likely reflects different etiology.

Published
2017

23. Identification of ten variants associated with risk of estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer

Author

Milne, Roger L., Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B., Michailidou, Kyriaki, Beesley, Jonathan, Kar, Siddhartha, Lindstrom, Sara, Hui, Shirley, Lemaçon, Audrey, Soucy, Penny, Dennis, Joe, Jiang, Xia, Rostamianfar, Asha, Finucane, Hilary, Bolla, Manjeet K., McGuffog, Lesley, Wang, Qin, Aalfs, Cora M., Abctctb, Investigators, Adams, Marcia, Adlard, Julian, Agata, Simona, Ahmed, Shahana, Ahsan, Habibul, Aittom, Kristiina Äki, Fares, Al Ejeh, Allen, Jamie, Ambrosone, Christine B., Amos, Christopher I., Andrulis, Irene L., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N., Arndt, Volker, Arnold, Norbert, Aronson, Kristan J., Auber, Bernd, Auer, Paul L., Ausems, Margreet G.M., Azzollini, Jacopo, François, Bacot, Balma, Judith Nã, Barile, Monica, Barjhoux, Laure, Barkardottir, Rosa B., Barrdahl, Myrto, Barnes, Daniel, Barrowdale, Daniel, Baynes, Caroline, Beckmann, Matthias W., Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bernstein, Leslie, Bignon, Yves Jean, Blazer, Kathleen R., Blok, Marinus J., Blomqvist, Carl, Blot, William, Bobolis, Kristie, Boeckx, Bram, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Bojesen, Anders, Bojesen, Stig E., Bonanni, Bernardo, Anne-Lise, Børresen Dale, Bozsik, Aniko, Bradbury, Angela R., Brand, Judith S., Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Brigitte, Bressac De Paillerets, Brewer, Carole, Brinton, Louise, Broberg, Per, Angela, Brooks Wilson, Brunet, Joan, Brüning, Thomas, Burwinkel, Barbara, Buys, Saundra S., Byun, Jinyoung, Cai, Qiuyin, Cald, Trinidad És, Caligo, Maria A., Campbell, Ian, Canzian, Federico, Caron, Olivier, Carracedo, Angel, Carter, Brian D., Esteban, Castelao, Castera, Laurent, Virginie, Caux Moncoutier, Chan, Salina B., Jenny, Chang Claude, Chanock, Stephen J., Chen, Xiaoqing, Cheng, Ting Yuan David, Chiquette, Jocelyne, Christiansen, Hans, Claes, Kathleen B., Clarke, Christine L., Conner, Thomas, Conroy, Don M., Cook, Jackie, Cordina-Duverger, Emilie, Cornelissen, Sten, Coupier, Isabelle, Cox, Angela, Cox, David G., Cross, Simon S., Cuk, Katarina, Cunningham, J. M., Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B., Damiola, Francesca, Darabi, Hatef, Davidson, Rosemarie, Leeneer, Kim De L., Devilee, Peter, Dicks, Ed, Diez, Orland, Ding, Yuan Chun, Ditsch, Nina, Doheny, Kimberly F., Domchek, Susan M., Dorfling, Cecilia M., Dörk, Thilo, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Dubois, Stéphane, Dugué, Pierre Antoine, Dumont, Martine, Dunning, Alison M., Durcan, Lorraine, Dwek, Miriam, Dworniczak, Bernd, Eccles, Diana, Eeles, Ros, Ehrencrona, Hans, Eilber, Ursula, Ejlertsen, Bent, Ekici, Arif B., Eliassen, A. Heather, Engel, Christoph, Eriksson, Mikael, Fachal, Laura, Faivre, Laurence, Fasching, Peter A., Faust, Ulrike, Figueroa, Jonine, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Fletcher, Olivia, Flyger, Henrik, Foulkes, William D., Friedman, Eitan, Fritschi, Lin, Frost, Debra, Gabrielson, Marike, Gaddam, Pragna, Gammon, Marilie D., Ganz, Patricia A., Gapstur, Susan M., Garber, Judy, Garcia-Barberan, Vanesa, Garciá-Saénz, José A., Gaudet, Mia M., Gauthier-Villars, Marion, Gehrig, Andrea, Georgoulias, Vassilios, Gerdes, Anne Marie, Giles, Graham G., Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K., Goldberg, Mark S., Goldgar, David E., González-Neira, Anna, Goodfellow, Paul, Greene, Mark H., Grenaker, Grethe Alnæs I., Grip, Mervi, Gronwald, Jacek, Grundy, Anne, Gschwantler, Daphne Kaulich, Guénel, Pascal, Guo, Qi, Haeberle, Lothar, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A., Håkansson, Niclas, Hallberg, Emily, Hamann, Ute, Hamel, Nathalie, Hankinson, Susan, Hansen, Thomas V., Harrington, Patricia, Hart, Steven N., Hartikainen, Jaana M., Healey, Catherine S., Hein, Alexander, Helbig, Sonja, Henderson, Alex, Heyworth, Jane, Hicks, Belynda, Hillemanns, Peter, Hodgson, Shirley, Hogervorst, Frans B., Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J., Hoover, Bob, Hopper, John L., Hu, Chunling, Huang, Guanmengqian, Hulick, Peter J., Humphreys, Keith, Hunter, David J., Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Isaacs, Claudine, Iwasaki, Motoki, Izatt, Louise, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul, Janavicius, Ramunas, Janni, Wolfgang, Jensen, Uffe Birk, John, Esther M., Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Kristine, Jones, Michael, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kabisch, Maria, Kaczmarek, Katarzyna, Kang, Daehee, Kast, Karin, Keeman, Renske, Kerin, Michael J., Kets, Carolien M., Keupers, Mac Hteld, Khan, Sofia, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kiiski, Johanna I., Kim, Sung Won, Knight, Julia A., Konstantopoulou, Irene, Kosma, Veli Matti, Kristensen, Vessela N., Kruse, Torben A., Kwong, Ava, Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke, Laitman, Yael, Lalloo, Fiona, Lambrechts, Diether, Landsman, Keren, Lasset, Christine, Lazaro, Conxi, Marchand, Loic Le, Lindström, Sara, Al-Ejeh, Fares, Margreet, G. M.Ausems, Bacot, François, Børresen-Dale, Anne Lise, Bressac-De, Brigitte Paillerets, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Castelao, J. Esteban, Caux-Moncoutier, Virginie, Chang-Claude, Jenny, McLaes, Kathleen B., Leeneer, Kim De, Dieter, Flesch Janys, Gschwantler-Kaulich, Daphne, Keupers, MacHteld, Lecarpentier, Julie, Lee, Andrew, Lee, Eunjung, Won, Jong Lee, Lee, Min Hyuk, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Lesueur, Fabienne, Li, Jingmei, Lilyquist, Jenna, Lincoln, Anne, Lindblom, Annika, Lissowska, Jolanta, Lo, Wing Yee, Loibl, Sibylle, Long, Jirong, Loud, Jennifer T., Lubinski, Jan, Luccarini, Craig, Lush, Michael, MacInnis, Robert J., Maishman, Tom, Makalic, Enes, Kostovska, Ivana Maleva, Malone, Kathleen E., Siranoush, Manoukian, Manson, Joann E., Margolin, Sara, Martens, John W., Martinez, Maria Elena, Matsuo, Keitaro, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, Mazoyer, Sylvie, McLean, Catriona, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Menéndez, Primitiva, Meyer, Jeffery, Miao, Hui, Miller, Austin, Miller, Nicola, Mitchell, Gillian, Montagna, Marco, Muir, Kenneth, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Mulot, Claire, Nadesan, Sue, Nathanson, Katherine L., Neuhausen, Susan L., Nevanlinna, Heli, Nevelsteen, Ines, Niederacher, Dieter, Nielsen, Sune F., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Norman, Aaron, Nussbaum, Robert L., Olah, Edith, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I., Olson, Janet E., Olswold, Curtis, Ong, Kai Ren, Oosterwijk, Jan C., Orr, Nick, Osorio, Ana, Pankratz, V. Shane, Papi, Laura, Park-Simon, Tjoung Won, Paulsson-Karlsson, Ylva, Lloyd, Rachel, Pedersen, Inge Søkilde, Peissel, Bernard, Peixoto, Ana, Perez, Jose I., Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Pfeiler, Georg, Phelan, Catherine M., Pinchev, Mila, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Poppe, Bruce, Porteous, Mary E., Prentice, Ross, Presneau, Nadege, Prokofieva, Darya, Pugh, Elizabeth, Pujana, Miquel Angel, Pylkäs, Katri, Rack, Brigitte, Radice, Paolo, Rahman, Nazneen, Rantala, Johanna, Rappaport-Fuerhauser, Christine, Rennert, Gad, Rennert, Hedy S., Rhenius, Valerie, Rhiem, Kerstin, Richardson, Andrea, Rodriguez, Gustavo C., Romero, Atocha, Romm, Jane, Rookus, Matti A., Rudolph, Anja, Ruediger, Thomas, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sanders, Joyce, Sandler, Dale P., Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Sawyer, Elinor J., Schmidt, Daniel F., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Schumacher, Fredrick, Schürmann, Peter, Schwentner, Lukas, Scott, Christopher, Scott, Rodney J., Seal, Sheila, Senter, Leigha, Seynaeve, Caroline, Shah, Mitul, Sharma, Priyanka, Shen, Chen Yang, Sheng, Xin, Shimelis, Hermela, Shrubsole, Martha J., Shu, Xiao Ou, Side, Lucy E., Singer, Christian F., Sohn, Christof, Southey, Melissa C., Spinelli, John J., Spurdle, Amanda B., Stegmaier, Christa, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Sukiennicki, Grzegorz, Surowy, Harald, Sutter, Christian, Swerdlow, Anthony, Szabo, Csilla I., Tamimi, Rulla M., Tan, Yen Y., Taylor, Jack A., Tejada, Maria Isabel, Tengström, Maria, Teo, Soo H., Terry, Mary B., Tessier, Daniel C., Teul, Alex E., Thöne, Kathrin, Thull, Darcy L., Tibiletti, Maria Grazia, Tihomirova, Laima, Tischkowitz, Marc, Toland, Amanda E., Tollenaar, Rob A.M., Tomlinson, Ian, Tong, Ling, Torres, Diana, Tranchant, Martine, Truong, Thérèse, Tucker, Kathy, Tung, Nadine, Tyrer, Jonathan, Ulmer, Hans Ulrich, Vachon, Celine, Christi, Van Asperen J., Den Berg, David Van, Ouweland, Ans M.Vanden, Rensburg, Elizabeth J., Varesco, Liliana, Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda, Vega, Ana, Viel, Alessandra, Vijai, Joseph, Vincent, Daniel, Vollenweider, Jason, Walker, Lisa, Wang, Zhaoming, Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Weinberg, Clarice R., Weitzel, Jeffrey N., Wendt, Camilla, Wesseling, Jelle, Whittemore, Alice S., Wijnen, Juul T., Willett, Walter, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Wu, Anna H., Xia, Lucy, Yang, Xiaohong R., Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Zaffaroni, Daniela, Zheng, Wei, Zhu, Bin, Ziogas, Argyrios, Ziv, Elad, Zorn, Kristin K., Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Mannermaa, Arto, Olsson, Håkan, Teixeira, Manuel R., Stone, Jennifer, Offit, Kenneth, Ottini, Laura, Park, Sue K., Thomassen, Mads, Hall, Per, Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K., Droit, Arnaud, Bader, Gary D., Pharoah, Paul D., Couch, Fergus J., Easton, Douglas F., Kraft, Peter, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Garciá-Closas, Montserrat, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Antoniou, Antonis C., Simard, Jacques, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Targeted Gynaecologic Oncology (TARGON), Human Genetics, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Human genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Clinical Genetics, Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, MUMC+: DA KG Lab Centraal Lab (9), and RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Estrogen receptor, Genome-wide association study, consortium, Gene mutation, DISEASE, Breast cancer, Risk Factors, Receptors, common variants, BRCA2 MUTATION CARRIERS, Medicine and Health Sciences, CONFER SUSCEPTIBILITY, skin and connective tissue diseases, ovarian cancers, BRCA1 Protein, COMMON VARIANTS, Single Nucleotide, OVARIAN CANCERS, 3. Good health, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 17], Receptors, Estrogen, functional variants, Female, estrogen receptor, SNPs, EXPRESSION, medicine.medical_specialty, Heterozygote, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, European Continental Ancestry Group, Breast cancer, estrogen receptor, SNPs, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Article, Càncer de mama, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, expression, medicine, Genetic predisposition, Genetics, Journal Article, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Risk factor, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, FUNCTIONAL VARIANTS, disease, CONSORTIUM, Case-control study, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, confer susceptibility, Estrogen, susceptibility loci, 030104 developmental biology, Mutation, genome-wide association, brca2 mutation carriers, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Most common breast cancer susceptibility variants have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of predominantly estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease1. We conducted a GWAS using 21,468 ER-negative cases and 100,594 controls combined with 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer), all of European origin. We identified independent associations at P < 5 × 10−8 with ten variants at nine new loci. At P < 0.05, we replicated associations with 10 of 11 variants previously reported in ER-negative disease or BRCA1mutation carrier GWAS and observed consistent associations with ER-negative disease for 105 susceptibility variants identified by other studies. These 125 variants explain approximately 16% of the familial risk of this breast cancer subtype. There was high genetic correlation (0.72) between risk of ER-negative breast cancer and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers. These findings may lead to improved risk prediction and inform further fine-mapping and functional work to better understand the biological basis of ER-negative breast cancer.

Published
2017

24. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for glioma

Author

Kinnersley, Ben, Labussière, Marianne, Holroyd, Amy, Di Stefano, Anna-Luisa, Broderick, Peter, Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram, Mokhtari, Karima, Delattre, Jean-Yves, Gousias, Konstantinos, Schramm, Johannes, Schoemaker, Minouk J., Fleming, Sarah J., Herms, Stefan, Heilmann, Stefanie, Schreiber, Stefan, Wichmann, Heinz-Erich, Nöthen, Markus M., Swerdlow, Anthony, Lathrop, Mark, Simon, Matthias, Bondy, Melissa, Sanson, Marc, Houlston, Richard S., The Institute of Cancer Research, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fondazione 'Istituto Neurologico Nazionale C. Mondino', Division of genetics and epidemiology, The institute of cancer research [London], Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics [Erlangen, Allemagne], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Institute of Cancer Research, Belmont, Sutton, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), UPMC - Département de neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]

Subjects
Male, Biological sciences, Genotype, Genetics, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Glioma, Middle Aged, Article, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that common genetic variation contributes to the heritable risk of glioma. To identify new glioma susceptibility loci, we conducted a meta-analysis of four GWAS (totalling 4,147 cases and 7,435 controls), with imputation using 1000 Genomes and UK10K Project data as reference. After genotyping an additional 1,490 cases and 1,723 controls we identify new risk loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 12q23.33 (rs3851634, near POLR3B, P=3.02 × 10−9) and non-GBM at 10q25.2 (rs11196067, near VTI1A, P=4.32 × 10−8), 11q23.2 (rs648044, near ZBTB16, P=6.26 × 10−11), 12q21.2 (rs12230172, P=7.53 × 10−11) and 15q24.2 (rs1801591, near ETFA, P=5.71 × 10−9). Our findings provide further insights into the genetic basis of the different glioma subtypes., Using meta-analysis of previous genome-wide association studies against the latest reference variant databases, this work identifies five new risk loci for glioblastoma and non-glioblastoma type of glioma.

Published
2015

25. Transcriptome-wide association study of breast cancer risk by estrogen-receptor status

Author

Feng, Helian, Gusev, Alexander, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Wu, Lang, Long, Jirong, Abu-Full, Zomoroda, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antoniou, Antonis C, Arason, Adalgeir, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Arun, Banu K, Asseryanis, Ella, Auer, Paul L, Azzollini, Jacopo, Balmaña, Judith, Barkardottir, Rosa B, Barnes, Daniel R, Barrowdale, Daniel, Beckmann, Matthias W, Behrens, Sabine, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Białkowska, Katarzyna, Blanco, Ana, Blomqvist, Carl, Boeckx, Bram, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Bonanni, Bernardo, Borg, Ake, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Briceno, Ignacio, Broeks, Annegien, Brüning, Thomas, Burwinkel, Barbara, Cai, Qiuyin, Caldés, Trinidad, Caligo, Maria A, Campbell, Ian, Canisius, Sander, Campa, Daniele, Carter, Brian D, Carter, Jonathan, Castelao, Jose E, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Christiansen, Hans, Chung, Wendy K, Claes, Kathleen BM, Clarke, Christine L, GEMO Study Collaborators, EMBRACE Collaborators, GC-HBOC Study Collaborators, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Cybulski, Cezary, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, De La Hoya, Miguel, De Leeneer, Kim, Dennis, Joe, Devilee, Peter, Diez, Orland, Domchek, Susan M, Dörk, Thilo, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Dunning, Alison M, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Ejlertsen, Bent, Ellberg, Carolina, Engel, Christoph, Eriksson, Mikael, Fasching, Peter A, Fletcher, Olivia, Flyger, Henrik, Fostira, Florentia, Friedman, Eitan, Fritschi, Lin, Frost, Debra, Gabrielson, Marike, Ganz, Patricia A, Gapstur, Susan M, Garber, Judy, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A, Gaudet, Mia M, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K, Goldberg, Mark S, Goldgar, David E, González-Neira, Anna, Greene, Mark H, Gronwald, Jacek, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hake, Christopher, He, Wei, Heyworth, Jane, Hogervorst, Frans BL, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J, Hoover, Robert N, Hopper, John L, Huang, Guanmengqian, Hulick, Peter J, Humphreys, Keith, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, ABCTB Investigators, HEBON Investigators, BCFR Investigators, OCGN Investigators, Isaacs, Claudine, Jakimovska, Milena, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul, Janavicius, Ramunas, Jankowitz, Rachel C, John, Esther M, Johnson, Nichola, Joseph, Vijai, Jung, Audrey, Karlan, Beth Y, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kiiski, Johanna I, Konstantopoulou, Irene, Kristensen, Vessela N, Laitman, Yael, Lambrechts, Diether, Lazaro, Conxi, Leroux, Dominique, Leslie, Goska, Lester, Jenny, Lesueur, Fabienne, Lindor, Noralane, Lindström, Sara, Lo, Wing-Yee, Loud, Jennifer T, Lubiński, Jan, Makalic, Enes, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martens, John WM, Martinez, Maria E, Matricardi, Laura, Maurer, Tabea, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, McGuffog, Lesley, Meindl, Alfons, Menon, Usha, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Kapoor, Pooja M, Miller, Austin, Montagna, Marco, Moreno, Fernando, Moserle, Lidia, Mulligan, Anna M, Muranen, Taru A, Nathanson, Katherine L, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Nevelsteen, Ines, Nielsen, Finn C, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Offit, Kenneth, Olah, Edith, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Olsson, Håkan, Osorio, Ana, Papp, Janos, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Parsons, Michael T, Pedersen, Inge S, Peixoto, Ana, Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Pharoah, Paul DP, Phillips, Kelly-Anne, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Poppe, Bruce, Pradhan, Nisha, Prajzendanc, Karolina, Presneau, Nadege, Punie, Kevin, Pylkäs, Katri, Radice, Paolo, Rantala, Johanna, Rashid, Muhammad Usman, Rennert, Gad, Risch, Harvey A, Robson, Mark, Romero, Atocha, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P, Santos, Catarina, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Schmidt, Daniel F, Schmutzler, Rita K, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Scott, Rodney J, Sharma, Priyanka, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Simard, Jacques, Singer, Christian F, Skytte, Anne-Bine, Soucy, Penny, Southey, Melissa C, Spinelli, John J, Spurdle, Amanda B, Stone, Jennifer, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Tapper, William J, Taylor, Jack A, Teixeira, Manuel R, Terry, Mary Beth, Teulé, Alex, Thomassen, Mads, Thöne, Kathrin, Thull, Darcy L, Tischkowitz, Marc, Toland, Amanda E, Tollenaar, Rob AEM, Torres, Diana, Truong, Thérèse, Tung, Nadine, Vachon, Celine M, Van Asperen, Christi J, Van Den Ouweland, Ans MW, Van Rensburg, Elizabeth J, Vega, Ana, Viel, Alessandra, Vieiro-Balo, Paula, Wang, Qin, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Weinberg, Clarice R, Weitzel, Jeffrey N, Wendt, Camilla, Winqvist, Robert, Yang, Xiaohong R, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Ziogas, Argyrios, Milne, Roger L, Easton, Douglas F, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Zheng, Wei, Kraft, Peter, and Jiang, Xia

Subjects
causal gene, TWAS, Vesicular Transport Proteins, Breast Neoplasms, Estrogens, Genomics, Risk Assessment, 3. Good health, Receptors, Estrogen, breast cancer subtype, GWAS, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Transcriptome, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Previous transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified breast cancer risk genes by integrating data from expression quantitative loci and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but analyses of breast cancer subtype-specific associations have been limited. In this study, we conducted a TWAS using gene expression data from GTEx and summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS meta-analysis conducted for breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor subtypes (ER+ and ER-). We further compared associations with ER+ and ER- subtypes, using a case-only TWAS approach. We also conducted multigene conditional analyses in regions with multiple TWAS associations. Two genes, STXBP4 and HIST2H2BA, were specifically associated with ER+ but not with ER- breast cancer. We further identified 30 TWAS-significant genes associated with overall breast cancer risk, including four that were not identified in previous studies. Conditional analyses identified single independent breast-cancer gene in three of six regions harboring multiple TWAS-significant genes. Our study provides new information on breast cancer genetics and biology, particularly about genomic differences between ER+ and ER- breast cancer.

26. Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types

Author

Kar, Siddhartha P, Beesley, Jonathan, Amin Al Olama, Ali, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Tyrer, Jonathan, Kote-Jarai, ZSofia, Lawrenson, Kate, Lindstrom, Sara, Ramus, Susan J, Thompson, Deborah J, ABCTB Investigators, Kibel, Adam S, Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Agnieszka, Michael, Agnieszka, Dieffenbach, Aida K, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Whittemore, Alice S, Wolk, Alicja, Monteiro, Alvaro, Peixoto, Ana, Kierzek, Andrzej, Cox, Angela, Rudolph, Anja, Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Wu, Anna H, Lindblom, Annika, Swerdlow, Anthony, AOCS Study Group & Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer), APCB BioResource, Ziogas, Argyrios, Ekici, Arif B, Burwinkel, Barbara, Karlan, Beth Y, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Blomqvist, Carl, Phelan, Catherine, McLean, Catriona, Pearce, Celeste Leigh, Vachon, Celine, Cybulski, Cezary, Slavov, Chavdar, Stegmaier, Christa, Maier, Christiane, Ambrosone, Christine B, Høgdall, Claus K, Teerlink, Craig C, Kang, Daehee, Tessier, Daniel C, Schaid, Daniel J, Stram, Daniel O, Cramer, Daniel W, Neal, David E, Eccles, Diana, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Edwards, Digna R Velez, Wokozorczyk, Dominika, Levine, Douglas A, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Sawyer, Elinor J, Bandera, Elisa V, Poole, Elizabeth M, Goode, Ellen L, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Høgdall, Estrid, Song, Fengju, Bruinsma, Fiona, Heitz, Florian, Modugno, Francesmary, Hamdy, Freddie C, Wiklund, Fredrik, Giles, Graham G, Olsson, Håkan, Wildiers, Hans, Ulmer, Hans-Ulrich, Pandha, Hardev, Risch, Harvey A, Darabi, Hatef, Salvesen, Helga B, Nevanlinna, Heli, Gronberg, Henrik, Brenner, Hermann, Brauch, Hiltrud, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Song, Honglin, Lim, Hui-Yi, McNeish, Iain, Campbell, Ian, Vergote, Ignace, Gronwald, Jacek, Lubiński, Jan, Stanford, Janet L, Benítez, Javier, Doherty, Jennifer A, Permuth, Jennifer B, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Donovan, Jenny L, Dennis, Joe, Schildkraut, Joellen M, Schleutker, Johanna, Hopper, John L, Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta, Park, Jong Y, Figueroa, Jonine, Clements, Judith A, Knight, Julia A, Peto, Julian, Cunningham, Julie M, Pow-Sang, Julio, Batra, Jyotsna, Czene, Kamila, Lu, Karen H, Herkommer, Kathleen, Khaw, Kay-Tee, KConFab Investigators, Matsuo, Keitaro, Muir, Kenneth, Offitt, Kenneth, Chen, Kexin, Moysich, Kirsten B, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Odunsi, Kunle, Kiemeney, Lambertus A, Massuger, Leon FAG, Fitzgerald, Liesel M, Cook, Linda S, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, Hooning, Maartje J, Pike, Malcolm C, Bolla, Manjeet K, Luedeke, Manuel, Teixeira, Manuel R, Goodman, Marc T, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Riggan, Marjorie, Aly, Markus, Rossing, Mary Anne, Beckmann, Matthias W, Moisse, Matthieu, Sanderson, Maureen, Southey, Melissa C, Jones, Michael, Lush, Michael, Hildebrandt, Michelle AT, Hou, Ming-Feng, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Bogdanova, Natalia, Rahman, Nazneen, NBCS Investigators, Le, Nhu D, Orr, Nick, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Pashayan, Nora, Peterlongo, Paolo, Guénel, Pascal, Brennan, Paul, Paulo, Paula, Webb, Penelope M, Broberg, Per, Fasching, Peter A, Devilee, Peter, Wang, Qin, Cai, Qiuyin, Li, Qiyuan, Kaneva, Radka, Butzow, Ralf, Kopperud, Reidun Kristin, Schmutzler, Rita K, Stephenson, Robert A, MacInnis, Robert J, Hoover, Robert N, Winqvist, Robert, Ness, Roberta, Milne, Roger L, Travis, Ruth C, Benlloch, Sara, Olson, Sara H, McDonnell, Shannon K, Tworoger, Shelley S, Maia, Sofia, Berndt, Sonja, Lee, Soo Chin, Teo, Soo-Hwang, Thibodeau, Stephen N, Bojesen, Stig E, Gapstur, Susan M, Kjær, Susanne Krüger, Pejovic, Tanja, Tammela, Teuvo LJ, GENICA Network, PRACTICAL Consortium, Dörk, Thilo, Brüning, Thomas, Wahlfors, Tiina, Key, Tim J, Edwards, Todd L, Menon, Usha, Hamann, Ute, Mitev, Vanio, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Setiawan, Veronica Wendy, Kristensen, Vessela, Arndt, Volker, Vogel, Walther, Zheng, Wei, Sieh, Weiva, Blot, William J, Kluzniak, Wojciech, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Gao, Yu-Tang, Schumacher, Fredrick, Freedman, Matthew L, Berchuck, Andrew, Dunning, Alison M, Simard, Jacques, Haiman, Christopher A, Spurdle, Amanda, Sellers, Thomas A, Hunter, David J, Henderson, Brian E, Kraft, Peter, Chanock, Stephen J, Couch, Fergus J, Hall, Per, Gayther, Simon A, Easton, Douglas F, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Eeles, Rosalind, Pharoah, Paul DP, and Lambrechts, Diether

Subjects
Male, Ovarian Neoplasms, Quantitative Trait Loci, Chromosome Mapping, Datasets as Topic, Prostatic Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 3. Good health, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Genetic Loci, Organ Specificity, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Signal Transduction
Abstract

UNLABELLED: Breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers are hormone-related and may have a shared genetic basis, but this has not been investigated systematically by genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Meta-analyses combining the largest GWA meta-analysis data sets for these cancers totaling 112,349 cases and 116,421 controls of European ancestry, all together and in pairs, identified at P < 10(-8) seven new cross-cancer loci: three associated with susceptibility to all three cancers (rs17041869/2q13/BCL2L11; rs7937840/11q12/INCENP; rs1469713/19p13/GATAD2A), two breast and ovarian cancer risk loci (rs200182588/9q31/SMC2; rs8037137/15q26/RCCD1), and two breast and prostate cancer risk loci (rs5013329/1p34/NSUN4; rs9375701/6q23/L3MBTL3). Index variants in five additional regions previously associated with only one cancer also showed clear association with a second cancer type. Cell-type-specific expression quantitative trait locus and enhancer-gene interaction annotations suggested target genes with potential cross-cancer roles at the new loci. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of death receptor signaling genes near loci with P < 10(-5) in the three-cancer meta-analysis. SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate that combining large-scale GWA meta-analysis findings across cancer types can identify completely new risk loci common to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. We show that the identification of such cross-cancer risk loci has the potential to shed new light on the shared biology underlying these hormone-related cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1052-67. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932.

27. CYP3A7*1C allele: linking premenopausal oestrone and progesterone levels with risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers

Author

Johnson, Nichola, Maguire, Sarah, Morra, Anna, Kapoor, Pooja Middha, Tomczyk, Katarzyna, Jones, Michael E, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Gilham, Clare, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahearn, Thomas U, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Augustinsson, Annelie, Baynes, Caroline, Freeman, Laura E Beane, Beckmann, Matthias W, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Blomqvist, Carl, Boeckx, Bram, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Burwinkel, Barbara, Campa, Daniele, Canzian, Federico, Castelao, Jose E, Chanock, Stephen J, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Clarke, Christine L, NBCS Collaborators, Conroy, Don M, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Dörk, Thilo, Eliassen, A Heather, Engel, Christoph, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine, Floris, Giuseppe, Flyger, Henrik, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Gapstur, Susan M, García-Closas, Montserrat, Gaudet, Mia M, Giles, Graham G, Goldberg, Mark S, González-Neira, Anna, AOCS Group, Guénel, Pascal, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Harrington, Patricia A, Hart, Steven N, Hooning, Maartje J, Hopper, John L, Howell, Anthony, Hunter, David J, ABCTB Investigators, KConFab Investigators, Jager, Agnes, Jakubowska, Anna, John, Esther M, Kaaks, Rudolf, Keeman, Renske, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kitahara, Cari M, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Koutros, Stella, Kraft, Peter, Kristensen, Vessela N, Kurian, Allison W, Lambrechts, Diether, Le Marchand, Loic, Linet, Martha, Lubiński, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martens, John WM, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, Mayes, Rebecca, Meindl, Alfons, Milne, Roger L, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Newman, William G, Nielsen, Sune F, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Obi, Nadia, Olshan, Andrew F, Olson, Janet E, Olsson, Håkan, Orban, Ester, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Peterlongo, Paolo, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Pylkäs, Katri, Rennert, Gad, Rennert, Hedy S, Ruddy, Kathryn J, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schmutzler, Rita K, Scott, Christopher, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Simard, Jacques, Smichkoska, Snezhana, Sohn, Christof, Southey, Melissa C, Spinelli, John J, Stone, Jennifer, Tamimi, Rulla M, Taylor, Jack A, Tollenaar, Rob AEM, Tomlinson, Ian, Troester, Melissa A, Truong, Thérèse, Vachon, Celine M, Van Veen, Elke M, Wang, Sophia S, Weinberg, Clarice R, Wendt, Camilla, Wildiers, Hans, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Zheng, Wei, Ziogas, Argyrios, Dunning, Alison M, Pharoah, Paul DP, Easton, Douglas F, Howie, A Forbes, Peto, Julian, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Orr, Nick, and Fletcher, Olivia

Subjects
Estrone, Breast Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 3. Good health, Premenopause, Receptors, Estrogen, Case-Control Studies, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A, Humans, Pregnanediol, Female, Receptors, Progesterone, Alleles, Progesterone, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies provide strong evidence for a role of endogenous sex hormones in the aetiology of breast cancer. The aim of this analysis was to identify genetic variants that are associated with urinary sex-hormone levels and breast cancer risk. METHODS: We carried out a genome-wide association study of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide levels in 560 premenopausal women, with additional analysis of progesterone levels in 298 premenopausal women. To test for the association with breast cancer risk, we carried out follow-up genotyping in 90,916 cases and 89,893 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. All women were of European ancestry. RESULTS: For pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, there were no genome-wide significant associations; for oestrone-3-glucuronide, we identified a single peak mapping to the CYP3A locus, annotated by rs45446698. The minor rs45446698-C allele was associated with lower oestrone-3-glucuronide (-49.2%, 95% CI -56.1% to -41.1%, P = 3.1 × 10-18); in follow-up analyses, rs45446698-C was also associated with lower progesterone (-26.7%, 95% CI -39.4% to -11.6%, P = 0.001) and reduced risk of oestrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82-0.91, P = 6.9 × 10-8). CONCLUSIONS: The CYP3A7*1C allele is associated with reduced risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer possibly mediated via an effect on the metabolism of endogenous sex hormones in premenopausal women.

28. Common variants in breast cancer risk loci predispose to distinct tumor subtypes

Author

Ahearn, Thomas U, Zhang, Haoyu, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Milne, Roger L, Bolla, Manjeet K, Dennis, Joe, Dunning, Alison M, Lush, Michael, Wang, Qin, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Auer, Paul L, Augustinsson, Annelie, Baten, Adinda, Becher, Heiko, Behrens, Sabine, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Blomqvist, Carl, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonanni, Bernardo, Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Brüning, Thomas, Burwinkel, Barbara, Buys, Saundra S, Canzian, Federico, Castelao, Jose E, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Clarke, Christine L, NBCS Collaborators, Collée, J Margriet, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, Devilee, Peter, Dörk, Thilo, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine, Floris, Giuseppe, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Gapstur, Susan M, García-Sáenz, José A, Gaudet, Mia M, Giles, Graham G, Goldberg, Mark S, González-Neira, Anna, Alnæs, Grethe I Grenaker, Grip, Mervi, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Harkness, Elaine F, Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Bernadette AM, Holleczek, Bernd, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J, Hoover, Robert N, Hopper, John L, Howell, Anthony, ABCTB Investigators, KConFab/AOCS Investigators, Jakimovska, Milena, Jakubowska, Anna, John, Esther M, Jones, Michael E, Jung, Audrey, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kauppila, Saila, Keeman, Renske, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kitahara, Cari M, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Koutros, Stella, Kristensen, Vessela N, Krüger, Ute, Kubelka-Sabit, Katerina, Kurian, Allison W, Kyriacou, Kyriacos, Lambrechts, Diether, Lee, Derrick G, Lindblom, Annika, Linet, Martha, Lissowska, Jolanta, Llaneza, Ana, Lo, Wing-Yee, MacInnis, Robert J, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Margolin, Sara, Martinez, Maria Elena, McLean, Catriona, Meindl, Alfons, Menon, Usha, Nevanlinna, Heli, Newman, William G, Nodora, Jesse, Offit, Kenneth, Olsson, Håkan, Orr, Nick, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Patel, Alpa V, Peto, Julian, Pita, Guillermo, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Prentice, Ross, Punie, Kevin, Pylkäs, Katri, Radice, Paolo, Rennert, Gad, Romero, Atocha, Rüdiger, Thomas, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sampson, Sarah, Sandler, Dale P, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schmutzler, Rita K, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Schöttker, Ben, Sherman, Mark E, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Smichkoska, Snezhana, Southey, Melissa C, Spinelli, John J, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Tamimi, Rulla M, Tapper, William J, Taylor, Jack A, Teras, Lauren R, Terry, Mary Beth, Torres, Diana, Troester, Melissa A, Vachon, Celine M, Van Deurzen, Carolien HM, Van Veen, Elke M, Wagner, Philippe, Weinberg, Clarice R, Wendt, Camilla, Wesseling, Jelle, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Yang, Xiaohong R, Zheng, Wei, Couch, Fergus J, Simard, Jacques, Kraft, Peter, Easton, Douglas F, Pharoah, Paul DP, Schmidt, Marjanka K, García-Closas, Montserrat, and Chatterjee, Nilanjan

Subjects
Common breast cancer susceptibility variants, Risk, Receptor, ErbB-2, Genetic predisposition, Etiologic heterogeneity, Breast Neoplasms, 3. Good health, Breast cancer, Receptors, Estrogen, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Female, Receptors, Progesterone, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants. Many of these variants have differential associations by estrogen receptor (ER) status, but how these variants relate with other tumor features and intrinsic molecular subtypes is unclear. METHODS: Among 106,571 invasive breast cancer cases and 95,762 controls of European ancestry with data on 173 breast cancer variants identified in previous GWAS, we used novel two-stage polytomous logistic regression models to evaluate variants in relation to multiple tumor features (ER, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and grade) adjusting for each other, and to intrinsic-like subtypes. RESULTS: Eighty-five of 173 variants were associated with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 5%), most commonly ER and grade, followed by PR and HER2. Models for intrinsic-like subtypes found nearly all of these variants (83 of 85) associated at p < 0.05 with risk for at least one luminal-like subtype, and approximately half (41 of 85) of the variants were associated with risk of at least one non-luminal subtype, including 32 variants associated with triple-negative (TN) disease. Ten variants were associated with risk of all subtypes in different magnitude. Five variants were associated with risk of luminal A-like and TN subtypes in opposite directions. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates a high level of complexity in the etiology heterogeneity of breast cancer susceptibility variants and can inform investigations of subtype-specific risk prediction.

29. Fine-mapping of 150 breast cancer risk regions identifies 191 likely target genes

Author

Fachal, Laura, Aschard, Hugues, Beesley, Jonathan, Barnes, Daniel R, Allen, Jamie, Kar, Siddhartha, Pooley, Karen A, Dennis, Joe, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Turman, Constance, Soucy, Penny, Lemaçon, Audrey, Lush, Michael, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Ghoussaini, Maya, Moradi Marjaneh, Mahdi, Jiang, Xia, Agata, Simona, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Alonso, M Rosario, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Arason, Adalgeir, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Arun, Banu K, Auber, Bernd, Auer, Paul L, Azzollini, Jacopo, Balmaña, Judith, Barkardottir, Rosa B, Barrowdale, Daniel, Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Białkowska, Katarzyna, Blanco, Amie M, Blomqvist, Carl, Blot, William, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Bonanni, Bernardo, Borg, Ake, Bosse, Kristin, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Briceno, Ignacio, Brock, Ian W, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Brüning, Thomas, Burwinkel, Barbara, Buys, Saundra S, Cai, Qiuyin, Caldés, Trinidad, Caligo, Maria A, Camp, Nicola J, Campbell, Ian, Canzian, Federico, Carroll, Jason S, Carter, Brian D, Castelao, Jose E, Chiquette, Jocelyne, Christiansen, Hans, Chung, Wendy K, Claes, Kathleen BM, Clarke, Christine L, GEMO Study Collaborators, EMBRACE Collaborators, Collée, J Margriet, Cornelissen, Sten, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Cybulski, Cezary, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, De La Hoya, Miguel, Devilee, Peter, Diez, Orland, Ding, Yuan Chun, Dite, Gillian S, Domchek, Susan M, Dörk, Thilo, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Droit, Arnaud, Dubois, Stéphane, Dumont, Martine, Duran, Mercedes, Durcan, Lorraine, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Engel, Christoph, Eriksson, Mikael, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Fletcher, Olivia, Floris, Giuseppe, Flyger, Henrik, Foretova, Lenka, Foulkes, William D, Friedman, Eitan, Fritschi, Lin, Frost, Debra, Gabrielson, Marike, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Gambino, Gaetana, Ganz, Patricia A, Gapstur, Susan M, Garber, Judy, García-Sáenz, José A, Gaudet, Mia M, Georgoulias, Vassilios, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K, Goldberg, Mark S, Goldgar, David E, González-Neira, Anna, Tibiletti, Maria Grazia, Greene, Mark H, Grip, Mervi, Gronwald, Jacek, Grundy, Anne, Guénel, Pascal, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Harrington, Patricia A, Hartikainen, Jaana M, Hartman, Mikael, He, Wei, Healey, Catherine S, Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Bernadette AM, Heyworth, Jane, Hillemanns, Peter, Hogervorst, Frans BL, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J, Hopper, John L, Howell, Anthony, Huang, Guanmengqian, Hulick, Peter J, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, KConFab Investigators, HEBON Investigators, ABCTB Investigators, Isaacs, Claudine, Iwasaki, Motoki, Jager, Agnes, Jakimovska, Milena, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, Janavicius, Ramunas, Jankowitz, Rachel C, John, Esther M, Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael E, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Jung, Audrey, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kang, Daehee, Kapoor, Pooja Middha, Karlan, Beth Y, Keeman, Renske, Kerin, Michael J, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kiiski, Johanna I, Kirk, Judy, Kitahara, Cari M, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Konstantopoulou, Irene, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Koutros, Stella, Kubelka-Sabit, Katerina, Kwong, Ava, Kyriacou, Kyriacos, Laitman, Yael, Lambrechts, Diether, Lee, Eunjung, Leslie, Goska, Lester, Jenny, Lesueur, Fabienne, Lindblom, Annika, Lo, Wing-Yee, Long, Jirong, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Loud, Jennifer T, Lubiński, Jan, MacInnis, Robert J, Maishman, Tom, Makalic, Enes, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martinez, Maria Elena, Matsuo, Keitaro, Maurer, Tabea, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, Mayes, Rebecca, McGuffog, Lesley, McLean, Catriona, Mebirouk, Noura, Meindl, Alfons, Miller, Austin, Miller, Nicola, Montagna, Marco, Moreno, Fernando, Muir, Kenneth, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Muñoz-Garzon, Victor M, Muranen, Taru A, Narod, Steven A, Nassir, Rami, Nathanson, Katherine L, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Neven, Patrick, Nielsen, Finn C, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Norman, Aaron, Offit, Kenneth, Olah, Edith, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Olsson, Håkan, Orr, Nick, Osorio, Ana, Pankratz, V Shane, Papp, Janos, Park, Sue K, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Parsons, Michael T, Paul, James, Pedersen, Inge Sokilde, Peissel, Bernard, Peshkin, Beth, Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Prajzendanc, Karolina, Prentice, Ross, Presneau, Nadege, Prokofyeva, Darya, Pujana, Miquel Angel, Pylkäs, Katri, Radice, Paolo, Ramus, Susan J, Rantala, Johanna, Rau-Murthy, Rohini, Rennert, Gad, Risch, Harvey A, Robson, Mark, Romero, Atocha, Rossing, Maria, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sánchez-Herrero, Estela, Sandler, Dale P, Santamariña, Marta, Saunders, Christobel, Sawyer, Elinor J, Scheuner, Maren T, Schmidt, Daniel F, Schmutzler, Rita K, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Schöttker, Ben, Schürmann, Peter, Scott, Christopher, Scott, Rodney J, Senter, Leigha, Seynaeve, Caroline M, Shah, Mitul, Sharma, Priyanka, Shen, Chen-Yang, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Singer, Christian F, Slavin, Thomas P, Smichkoska, Snezhana, Southey, Melissa C, Spinelli, John J, Spurdle, Amanda B, Stone, Jennifer, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Sutter, Christian, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Tamimi, Rulla M, Tan, Yen Yen, Tapper, William J, Taylor, Jack A, Teixeira, Manuel R, Tengström, Maria, Teo, Soo Hwang, Terry, Mary Beth, Teulé, Alex, Thomassen, Mads, Thull, Darcy L, Tischkowitz, Marc, Toland, Amanda E, Tollenaar, Rob AEM, Tomlinson, Ian, Torres, Diana, Torres-Mejía, Gabriela, Troester, Melissa A, Truong, Thérèse, Tung, Nadine, Tzardi, Maria, Ulmer, Hans-Ulrich, Vachon, Celine M, Van Asperen, Christi J, Van Der Kolk, Lizet E, Van Rensburg, Elizabeth J, Vega, Ana, Viel, Alessandra, Vijai, Joseph, Vogel, Maartje J, Wang, Qin, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Weinberg, Clarice R, Weitzel, Jeffrey N, Wendt, Camilla, Wildiers, Hans, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Wu, Anna H, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Zhang, Yan, Zheng, Wei, Hunter, David, Pharoah, Paul DP, Chang-Claude, Jenny, García-Closas, Montserrat, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Milne, Roger L, Kristensen, Vessela N, French, Juliet D, Edwards, Stacey L, Antoniou, Antonis C, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Simard, Jacques, Easton, Douglas F, Kraft, Peter, and Dunning, Alison M

Subjects
Quantitative Trait Loci, Chromosome Mapping, Bayes Theorem, Breast Neoplasms, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Linkage Disequilibrium, 3. Good health, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies have identified breast cancer risk variants in over 150 genomic regions, but the mechanisms underlying risk remain largely unknown. These regions were explored by combining association analysis with in silico genomic feature annotations. We defined 205 independent risk-associated signals with the set of credible causal variants in each one. In parallel, we used a Bayesian approach (PAINTOR) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium and enriched genomic features to determine variants with high posterior probabilities of being causal. Potentially causal variants were significantly over-represented in active gene regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites. We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of those potentially causal variants, using gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways were over-represented among the highest-confidence target genes.

30. Large-scale genomic analyses link reproductive aging to hypothalamic signaling, breast cancer susceptibility and BRCA1-mediated DNA repair

Author

Lynne J. Hocking, Caterina Barbieri, Jenny Chang-Claude, David Karasik, Dieter Flesch-Janys, James F. Wilson, Mark S. Goldberg, Henry Voelzke, Archie Campbell, Stig E. Bojesen, David R. Weir, Ailith Pirie, Megan L. Grove, Melissa Wellons, Georg Homuth, Corrado Masciullo, Jennifer A. Brody, Hermann Brenner, Paolo Gasparini, Andrew D. Johnson, Patrick Neven, Graham G. Giles, Peter Kraft, André G. Uitterlinden, Wei Zheng, Alkes L. Price, Anja Rudolph, Arto Mannermaa, Nicholas G. Martin, Christopher A. Haiman, Massimo Mangino, Melissa C. Southey, Daniela Ruggiero, Toshiko Tanaka, Kathryn L. Lunetta, Julie E. Buring, John R. B. Perry, Robert Winqvist, Laufey Tryggvadottir, Angela Cox, Serena Sanna, Nicola Pirastu, Anna Jakubowska, Paul D.P. Pharoah, David J. Porteous, Dragana Vuckovic, Andrea D. Coviello, Giorgia Girotto, Sara Lindstroem, Patrick Sulem, Astrid Petersmann, Xin Li, Maartje J. Hooning, Lili Milani, Sven Bergmann, Marek Zygmunt, Javier Benitez, Vilmundur Gudnason, Fernando Rivadeneira, Volker Arndt, Marina Ciullo, Caroline Hayward, Sheila Ulivi, Janet E. Olson, Hoda Anton-Culver, Maria Kabisch, Sara Margolin, Vessela N. Kristensen, Patrick F. McArdle, Tanguy Corre, Nora Franceschini, Veli-Matti Kosma, Hiltrud Brauch, Roger L. Milne, Eric Boerwinkle, Matthias W. Beckmann, Charles Kooperberg, Qin Wang, Jessica D. Faul, Stephen J. Chanock, Alexander Teumer, Mark O. Goodarzi, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, R Maegi, Paul M. Ridker, Antonis C. Antoniou, Ozren Polasek, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Barbara McKnight, Melissa E. Garcia, Manjeet K. Bolla, Alanna C. Morrison, Paolo Radice, Xiuqing Guo, Lude L. Franke, Michela Traglia, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Heli Nevanlinna, Teresa Nutile, Cinzia Sala, Pascal Guénel, Jennifer E. Huffman, Stephen T. Turner, Anna Murray, Carl Blomqvist, Margaux F. Keller, Samuel E. Jones, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Ivana Kolcic, Anne B. Newman, Jan Lubinski, Albert Hofman, Isabel dos-Santos-Silva, Hilary K. Finucane, Anne Lise Børresen-Dale, Alexander P. Reiner, Tim D. Spector, Gonneke Willemsen, John D. Eicher, Douglas F. Easton, Claudia Langenberg, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Natalia Bogdanova, Alison M. Dunning, Giorgio Pistis, Tõnu Esko, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Eleonora Porcu, Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong, Leslie J. Raffel, Laura Crisponi, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Jerome I. Rotter, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Antonietta Robino, Katri Pylkaes, Ken K. Ong, Thibaud Boutin, Elinor J. Sawyer, Daniel I. Chasman, Brian E. Henderson, Frank B. Hu, Leslie Bernstein, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Tamara B. Harris, Dorret I. Boomsma, Katherine S. Ruth, Jie Yao, Keith Humphreys, Jennifer A. Smith, Elisabeth Altmaier, Ulrike Peters, Doris Stoeckl, Eva Albrecht, Tatijana Zemunik, Jenny A. Visser, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Diego Vozzi, Thilo Doerk, J. Ross Chapman, Irene L. Andrulis, Joanne M. Murabito, Alan F. Wright, Lisette Stolk, Jonathan Marten, Alice M. Arnold, Paolo Peterlongo, Harry Campbell, Natalia Pervjakova, Jingmei Li, Jennifer Kriebel, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Immaculata De Vivo, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Kari Stefansson, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Brendan Bulik-Sullivan, Evelin Mihailov, Chunyan He, Joe Dennis, Nicholas J. Wareham, Yongmei Liu, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Lynda M. Rose, Felix R. Day, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Albert V. Smith, David J. Hunter, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Christian Gieger, Konstantin Strauch, Igor Rudan, Jacques Simard, Jian'an Luan, Robert A. Scott, Kyriaki Michailidou, Bruce M. Psaty, Per Hall, Suzette J. Bielinski, Rita K. Schmutzler, Julian Peto, Ellen W. Demerath, Ursula M. Schick, Rossella Sorice, Wei Zhao, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Andres Metspalu, Jonine D. Figueroa, Julia A. Knight, Barbara Burwinkel, Thomas Bruening, Judith Manz, Anna González-Neira, Ilaria Gandin, Ian Tomlinson, Thérèse Truong, Kent D. Taylor, Amanda E. Toland, Deborah J. Thompson, Alfons Meindl, Caroline M. Seynaeve, Benjamin M. Neale, Fergus J. Couch, Mike A. Nalls, Ute Hamann, Kamila Czene, John L. Hopper, Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel, Grant W. Montgomery, Hatef Darabi, Daniela Toniolo, Jinyan Huang, Peter Devilee, Cathy E. Elks, David Schlessinger, Luigi Ferrucci, Frank Schmidt, Peter A. Fasching, Diether Lambrechts, Najaf Amin, Day, Felix R, Ruth, Katherine S, Thompson, Deborah J, Lunetta, Kathryn L, Pervjakova, Natalia, Chasman, Daniel I, Stolk, Lisette, Finucane, Hilary K, Sulem, Patrick, Bulik Sullivan, Brendan, Esko, Tõnu, Johnson, Andrew D, Elks, Cathy E, Franceschini, Nora, He, Chunyan, Altmaier, Elisabeth, Brody, Jennifer A, Franke, Lude L, Huffman, Jennifer E, Keller, Margaux F, Mcardle, Patrick F, Nutile, Teresa, Porcu, Eleonora, Robino, Antonietta, Rose, Lynda M, Schick, Ursula M, Smith, Jennifer A, Teumer, Alexander, Traglia, Michela, Vuckovic, Dragana, Yao, Jie, Zhao, Wei, Albrecht, Eva, Amin, Najaf, Corre, Tanguy, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Mangino, Massimo, Smith, Albert V, Tanaka, Toshiko, Abecasis, Gonçalo R, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton Culver, Hoda, Antoniou, Antonis C, Arndt, Volker, Arnold, Alice M, Barbieri, CATERINA MARIA, Beckmann, Matthias W, Beeghly Fadiel, Alicia, Benitez, Javier, Bernstein, Leslie, Bielinski, Suzette J, Blomqvist, Carl, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Borresen Dale, Anne Lise, Boutin, Thibaud S, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Brüning, Thoma, Burwinkel, Barbara, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Chanock, Stephen J, Chapman, J. Ro, Chen, Yii Der Ida, Chenevix Trench, Georgia, Couch, Fergus J, Coviello, Andrea D, Cox, Angela, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, De Vivo, Immaculata, Demerath, Ellen W, Dennis, Joe, Devilee, Peter, Dörk, Thilo, Dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Dunning, Alison M, Eicher, John D, Fasching, Peter A, Faul, Jessica D, Figueroa, Jonine, Flesch Janys, Dieter, Gandin, Ilaria, Garcia, Melissa E, García Closas, Montserrat, Giles, Graham G, Girotto, Giorgia, Goldberg, Mark S, González Neira, Anna, Goodarzi, Mark O, Grove, Megan L, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, Guénel, Pascal, Guo, Xiuqing, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Henderson, Brian E, Hocking, Lynne J, Hofman, Albert, Homuth, Georg, Hooning, Maartje J, Hopper, John L, Hu, Frank B, Huang, Jinyan, Humphreys, Keith, Hunter, David J, Jakubowska, Anna, Jones, Samuel E, Kabisch, Maria, Karasik, David, Knight, Julia A, Kolcic, Ivana, Kooperberg, Charle, Kosma, Veli Matti, Kriebel, Jennifer, Kristensen, Vessela, Lambrechts, Diether, Langenberg, Claudia, Li, Jingmei, Li, Xin, Lindström, Sara, Liu, Yongmei, Luan, Jian'An, Lubinski, Jan, Mägi, Reedik, Mannermaa, Arto, Manz, Judith, Margolin, Sara, Marten, Jonathan, Martin, Nicholas G, Masciullo, Corrado, Meindl, Alfon, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Milne, Roger L, Müller Nurasyid, Martina, Nalls, Michael, Neale, Benjamin M, Nevanlinna, Heli, Neven, Patrick, Newman, Anne B, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Olson, Janet E, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Peterlongo, Paolo, Peters, Ulrike, Petersmann, Astrid, Peto, Julian, Pharoah, Paul D. P, Pirastu, Nicola, Pirie, Ailith, Pistis, Giorgio, Polasek, Ozren, Porteous, David, Psaty, Bruce M, Pylkäs, Katri, Radice, Paolo, Raffel, Leslie J, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rudan, Igor, Rudolph, Anja, Ruggiero, Daniela, Sala, Cinzia F, Sanna, Serena, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schlessinger, David, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Schmidt, Frank, Schmutzler, Rita K, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Scott, Robert A, Seynaeve, Caroline M, Simard, Jacque, Sorice, Rossella, Southey, Melissa C, Stöckl, Dori, Strauch, Konstantin, Swerdlow, Anthony, Taylor, Kent D, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Toland, Amanda E, Tomlinson, Ian, Truong, Thérèse, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Turner, Stephen T, Vozzi, Diego, Wang, Qin, Wellons, Melissa, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilson, James F, Winqvist, Robert, Wolffenbuttel, Bruce B. H. R, Wright, Alan F, Yannoukakos, Drakouli, Zemunik, Tatijana, Zheng, Wei, Zygmunt, Marek, Bergmann, Sven, Boomsma, Dorret I, Buring, Julie E, Ferrucci, Luigi, Montgomery, Grant W, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Spector, Tim D, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z, Ciullo, Marina, Crisponi, Laura, Easton, Douglas F, Gasparini, Paolo, Gieger, Christian, Harris, Tamara B, Hayward, Caroline, Kardia, Sharon L. R, Kraft, Peter, Mcknight, Barbara, Metspalu, Andre, Morrison, Alanna C, Reiner, Alex P, Ridker, Paul M, Rotter, Jerome I, Toniolo, Daniela, Uitterlinden, André G, Ulivi, Sheila, Völzke, Henry, Wareham, Nicholas J, Weir, David R, Yerges Armstrong, Laura M, Price, Alkes L, Stefansson, Kari, Visser, Jenny A, Ong, Ken K, Chang Claude, Jenny, Murabito, Joanne M, Perry, John R. B, Murray, Anna, Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, Medical Oncology, Clinical Genetics, Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, PRACTICAL Consortium, kConFab Investigators, AOCS Investigators, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, LifeLines Cohort Study, Generation, Scotland, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), and Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET)

Subjects
Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Aging, DNA Repair, LOCI, Genome-wide association study, BLOOD-PRESSURE, Disease, CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY, Bioinformatics, HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION, PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE, Genotype, BRCA2 MUTATION CARRIERS, WIDE ASSOCIATION, Gene Regulatory Networks, NATURAL MENOPAUSE, Genetics, education.field_of_study, menopause, DDR, BODY-MASS INDEX, CELL-TYPES, BRCA1 Protein, Reproduction, BRCA1-mediated DNA repair, Age Factors, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, Genomics, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Menopause, Phenotype, Female, medicine.symptom, Signal Transduction, Delayed puberty, Adult, DNA repair, Population, Hypothalamus, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Lower risk, DDR, Article, Breast cancer, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Mendelian randomization, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, education, Genetic association, Models, Genetic, business.industry, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, Aging/genetics, BRCA1 Protein/genetics, Breast Neoplasms/genetics, Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study/methods, Genomics/methods, Hypothalamus/metabolism, Menopause/genetics, Reproduction/genetics, Signal Transduction/genetics, business, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Menopause timing has a major impact on infertility and risk of disease. Younger age at natural (nonsurgical) menopause (ANM) is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes and a lower risk of breast cancer. Late menopause is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. It is well known that the age at which women go through menopause is partly determined by genes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Genome-wide association studies have identified 18 common genetic variants associated with ANM. These variants explain less than 5% of the variation in ANM compared with the 21% explained by all common variants on genome-wide association study arrays. This genome-wide association study was the collaborative effort of researchers from 177 institutions worldwide. The study was designed to investigate genetic variants associated with timing of menopause among a population of approximately 70,000 women of European ancestry. A dual strategy was used to identify both common and, for the first time, low-frequency coding variants associated with ANM. The causal relationship between ANM and breast cancer was investigated using a Mendelian randomization approach. Combined analysis identified 1208 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a total of approximately 2.6 million that reached the genome-wide significance threshold for association with ANM. Forty-four regions with common variants were identified; among these 44 loci were 2 rare low-frequency missense alleles of large effect. A majority of ANM SNPs were enriched in DNA damage response (DDR) genes, including the first common coding variant in BRCA1 associated with any complex trait. Mendelian randomization analyses supported a causal relationship between delayed ANM and breast cancer risk; there was approximately 6% increase in risk per year; P = 3 × 10-14); increased risk with delayed menopause appeared to be mediated primarily by prolonged sex hormone exposure in a woman’s lifetime, not DDR mechanisms. This is the first study to confirm the link between early and late menopause and breast cancer risk using genetic information. Age at natural menopause genetic variants influence breast cancer risk primarily through variation in menopause timing. Although carrying higher numbers of ANM-increasing variants and enrichment in DDR genes are associated with a modest increase in breast cancer risk, the major mechanism for increased risk appears to be prolonged estrogen and/or progesterone exposure due to delayed menopause.

Published
2015

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