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Background Laser photocoagulation is an effective procedure for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). However, the beneficial effects of conventional laser photocoagulation (CLP) are accompanied by the destruction of retinal photoreceptors. Therefore, subthreshold micropulse laser photocoagulation (SMLP) was proposed for DME. Objectives This meta-analysis study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SMLP compared with CLP for the management of DME. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, SinoMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, published until Dec 2021, were searched to identify studies evaluating the clinical outcomes of SMLP for DME. Results 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for this meta-analysis involving a total of 546 eyes (275 eyes in SMLP group and 271 eyes in CLP group). SMLP of different wavelengths (577nm and 810nm) and duty cycles (5% and 15%) were applied. The pooled outcomes showed that SMLP group, especially 577nm and 810nm 15% duty cycle parameter settings, had a statistically significant higher efficacy than CLP group in terms of BCVA(MD = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.03 to -0.01, P0.05); In the field of CS, SMLP group (no matter parameter settings) resulted in better preservation of CS compared to CLP group (MD = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.46, P

Background We previously found two distinct passenger dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the rat liver that played a central role in the liver transplant rejection. In addition, a tolerance-inducing protocol, donor-specific transfusion (DST), triggered systemic polytopical production of depleting alloantibodies to donor class I MHC (MHCI) antigen (DST-antibodies). Methods We examined the role of DST-antibodies in the trafficking of graft DC subsets and the alloresponses in a rat model. We also examined an anti-donor class II MHC (MHCII) antibody that recognizes donor DCs more selectively. Results Preoperative transfer of DST-antibodies or DST pretreatment eliminated all passenger leukocytes, including both DC subsets and depleted the sessile DCs in the graft to ~20% of control. The CD172a+CD11b/c+ immunogenic subset was almost abolished. The intrahost direct or semi-direct allorecognition pathway was successfully blocked, leading to a significant suppression of the CD8+ T-cell response in the recipient lymphoid organs and the graft with delayed graft rejection. Anti-donor MHCII antibody had similar effects without temporary graft damage. Although DST pretreatment had a priming effect on the proliferative response of recipient regulatory T cells, DST-primed sera and the anti-donor MHCII antibody did not. Conclusion DST-antibodies and anti-donor MHCII antibodies could suppress the CD8+ T-cell-mediated liver transplant rejection by depleting donor immunogenic DCs, blocking the direct or semi-direct pathways of allorecognition. Donor MHCII-specific antibodies may be applicable as a selective suppressant of anti-donor immunity for clinical liver transplantation without the cellular damage of donor MHCII– graft cells and recipient cells., Antibody-mediated donor-DC depletion prolongs liver-graft survival

Organic fertilizer usage is been introduced into agricultural practices for preventing the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers. Present study investigated the beneficial role of organic fertilizer (nano-vermicompost) on the growth, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism, osmolyte accumulation and mineral elements in tomato under drought stress. Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation by triggering oxidative stress due to excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mineral uptake. Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline. Nano-vermicompost increased growth and dry matter content and ameliorated the decline in chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and PSII activity more significantly at higher concentration (100 mg kg−1 soil). ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and activities of protease and lypoxygenase were significantly reduced. Drought up-regulated antioxidant system and application of nano-vermicompost further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant components. Accumulation of osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased significantly due to nano-vermicompost application. Besides, decline in the activity of nitrate reductase and content of essential mineral elements like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous was also ameliorated by nano-vermicompost application.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers globally and has a poor prognosis. MiR‐936 has been reported to regulate cell activity and tumor progression in non‐small cell lung cancer, glioma, and epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the specific role and mechanism of miR‐936 in gastric cancer have not been explored. In present study, gastric cancer cells were transfected with miR‐936 mimic, and cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed via cell‐counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assay, respectively. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to check miR‐936 binding to its downstream target. It was shown that miR‐936 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Erb‐B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ERBB4) was confirmed as a direct target of miR‐936 and negatively regulated its expression by miR‐936. Overexpression of miR‐936 suppressed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell migration and invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, which could be reversed by further ERBB4 overexpression. Western blot results showed that miR‐936/ERBB4 axis regulated Akt‐related pathways to control gastric cancer cell activities. Therefore, our data suggest that miR‐936 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation and invasion and promotes cell apoptosis through Akt‐related pathways by targeting ERBB4, which provides novel insight to target miR‐936 or miR‐936/ERBB4 axis for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Lymphocytes can transfer from blood to lymph or respond to antigen in Peyer’s patches, Naive lymphocytes systemically recirculate for immunosurveillance inspecting foreign antigens and pathogens in the body. Trafficking behavior such as the migration pathway and transit time within the gastrointestinal tract, however, remains to be elucidated. Rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDLs) were transferred to a congeneic host that had undergone mesenteric lymphadenectomy. The migration pathway was investigated using newly developed four-color immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Donor TDLs showed rapid transition in gut tissues from which they emerged in mesenteric lymph around 4 h after intravenous injection. Immunohistochemistry showed that donor TDLs predominantly transmigrated across high endothelial venules (HEVs) at the interfollicular area of the Peyer’s patches (PPs), then exited into the LYVE-1+ efferent lymphatics, that were close to the venules. The rapid recirculation depended largely on the local expression of unsulfated sialyl-Lewis X on these venules where putative dendritic cells (DCs) were associated underneath. Recruited naive T cells briefly made contact with resident DCs before exiting to the lymphatics in the steady state. In some transplant settings, however, the T cells retained contact with DCs and were sensitized and differentiated into activated T cells. In conclusion, we directly demonstrated that lymphocyte recirculation within the gut is a very rapid process. The interfollicular area of PPs functions as a strategically central site for rapid immunosurveillance where HEVs, efferent lymphatics and resident DCs converge. PPs can, however, generate alloreactive T cells, leading to exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease or gut allograft rejection.

Combined with available local resources and traditional manufacturing techniques of Yimeng mountain area, several transformation methods, which are ecological economical and practical for the existing rural housing, are put forward. After optimization, the rural residence will be more energy-efficient, more environmental and more comfortable. The aim of the paper is to make the eco-renovation feasible and economical for farmers and popularize the reform measures in more rural areas like Yimeng.

The rapid development of urbanization in China brought serious challenges for the rural development and led to the phenomenon of inner-decaying village. Through a on-the-spot investigation, detailed informations of typical villages over the past 30 years are obtained. By the quantitative analysis of the home interview and field measurement data, and interpretation of satellite images, this paper summarizes the shape change regularity of villages in urbanization process, systematically analyzes the causes of inner-decaying village and then proposes solutions of it.

The duration of construction project is of great uncertainty because the construction project is of large scale, its construction cycle is long, it takes much consumption in material resources, human and financial resources, it is of complicated cases, and there are also many unpredictable factors. A method to determine the uncertainty duration whose chief path is not a single one is raised combining with engineering practices in this thesis.

Pathological neovascularization are the most prevalent causes of moderate or severe vision loss. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of regulatory molecules involved in numerous biological processes and complicated diseases. However, the role of lncRNAs in ocular neovascularization is still unclear. Here, we constructed a murine model of ocular neovascularization, and determined lncRNA expression profiles using microarray analysis. We identified 326 or 51 lncRNAs that were significantly either up-regulated or down-regulated in the vaso-obliteration or neovascularization phase, respectively. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, lncRNAs/mRNAs co-expression networks were constructed. GO enrichment analysis of lncRNAs-co-expressed mRNAs indicated that the biological modules were correlated with chromosome organization, extracellular region and guanylate cyclase activator activity in the vaso-obliteration phase, and correlated with cell proliferation, extracellular region and guanylate cyclase regulator activity in the neovascularization phase. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that MAPK signaling was the most significantly enriched pathway in both phases. Importantly, Vax2os1 and Vax2os2 were not only dynamically expressed in the vaso-obliteration and neovascularization phases, but also significantly altered in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), suggesting a potential role of lncRNAs in the regulation of ocular neovascularization. Taken together, this study provided novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of ocular neovascularization. The intervention of dysregulated lncRNA could become a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ocular vascular diseases.

The existence of donor effector cell subsets responsible for either gut or skin graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is still undetermined. We examined the trafficking and role of donor CD8(+) intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the gut and skin epithelia concerning alpha E beta 7 integrin (CD103) expression, using a rat acute lethal GvHD model. Most CD103(+) donor cells were CD8(+) and showed a proliferative activity in the target epithelia. On the other hand, activated donor T cells in the host lymphoid tissues did not express CD103, indicating the presence of CD8(+) IEL precursors in the lymphoid tissues that may up-regulate CD103 only after migrating to the target organs. At the late stage of GvHD, while >80% of the donor CD8(+) IELs were CD103(+) in the gut epithelium, both CD4(+) and CD103(+)CD8(+) T cells evenly accumulated in the skin epidermis. The CD103 expression by donor CD8(+) IELs especially in the gut was also correlated with the clinical GvHD manifestations. Furthermore, the selective removal of gut lymph nodes (LNs) but not skin LNs suppressed the infiltration of CD103(+) donor IELs in the gut and alleviated intestinal GvHD. In conclusion, CD103(+)CD8(+) donor T cells predominantly infiltrate into the gut epithelium and are responsible for the manifestations of intestinal GvHD. This pathology is at least partly dependent on the gut LNs.