1. Rare-earth ions doped heavy metal germanium tellurite glasses for fiber lighting in minimally invasive surgery.
- Author
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Yang DL, Gong H, Pun EY, Zhao X, and Lin H
- Subjects
- Equipment Design, Humans, Luminescence, Microscopy, Fluorescence methods, Photochemotherapy instrumentation, Photochemotherapy methods, Photons, Spectrometry, Fluorescence methods, Spectrum Analysis, Raman methods, Time Factors, Erbium chemistry, Germanium chemistry, Ions, Metals chemistry, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Tellurium chemistry
- Abstract
In Er(3+)/Yb(3+) codoped Na(2)O-ZnO-PbO-GeO(2)-TeO(2) (NZPGT) glass fiber, a clear and compact green upconversion amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) trace is observed, and the NZPGT glasses are proved to be a desirable candidate in fabricating low-phonon energy fiber. Intense green upconversion luminescence of Er(3+), balanced green and red upconversion emissions of Ho(3+), and dominant three-photon blue upconversion fluorescence of Tm(3+) have been represented. By varying the excitation power of 974 nm wavelength laser diode, a series of green and white fluorescences have been achieved in Tm(3+)/Er(3+)/Yb(3+) and Tm(3+)/Ho(3+)/Yb(3+) triply doped glass systems, respectively. These results reveal that high-intensity blue, green, and white upconversion ASE fluorescences, which can be adopted for lighting in minimally invasive photodynamic therapy and minimally invasive surgery, are reasonable to be expected in rare-earth doped NZPGT glass fibers.
- Published
- 2010
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