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Origin of vapor transport equilibration induced formation of nanocrystalline ErNbO[sub 4] in Er:LiNbO[sub 3] crystal.
- Source :
-
Journal of Applied Physics . 7/15/2003, Vol. 94 Issue 2, p1178. 6p. 3 Graphs. - Publication Year :
- 2003
-
Abstract
- (The origin of the formation of nanoprecipitates of ErNbO[SUB4] induced by vapor transport equilibration (VTE) in Er:LiNbO[SUB3] crystals was investigated by comparing x-ray powder diffraction patterns of VTE-treated, annealed and as-grown Er:LiNbO[SUB3] crystals. The results indicated that annealing an Er:LiNbO[SUB3] crystal in ambient atmosphere, whether the crystal is x or z cut, and whether it is highly or lower doped, does not influence its crystalline structure, and hence cannot cause the formation of the precipitate. The elevated temperature is not a sufficient requirement for the formation of this additional phase, but is only an essential prerequisite, together with the high-doping level of erbium. The incorporation of a certain amount of additional Li[SUP+] ions accompanying the VTE procedure is considered as the direct reason for the formation of the precipitate. The mechanism of the formation of the precipitates of ErNbO[SUB4] was tentatively suggested from both microscopic and macroscopic points of view. In addition, the origin of VTE-induced cracking, which occurs only in higher-doped x-cut crystals, was also considered based on the experimental results of annealed crystals. The incorporation of a certain amount of additional Li[SUP+] ions by the VTE procedure is again correlated with the cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *CRYSTALS
*X-ray diffraction
*ERBIUM
*MICROSCOPES
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00218979
- Volume :
- 94
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Applied Physics
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 10113094
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1583149