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V diplomskem delu bomo predstavili kritično infrastrukturo s poudarkom na našem edinem pristanišču, kot enem izmed objektov kritične infrastrukture. Pojem kritične infrastrukture velja za kompleksnega in zahtevnega. Označuje tisto infrastrukturo, ki je bila na podlagi vseh sektorskih in medsektorskih kriterijev določena za kritično infrastrukturo. Njena pomembnost je tako velika, da bi v primeru prekinitve njenega delovanja ali celo uničenja močno ogrozili tako življenja ljudi kot tudi delovanje same države nasploh. Predstavili bomo pravno podlago, ki obravnava dotično področje. Na nacionalni ravni je to Zakon o kritični infrastrukturi, na nivoju Evropske unije pa Uredba o evropski kritični infrastrukturi ter ostale podzakonske akte. V nadaljevanju se bomo osredotočili na varovanje našega pristanišča, kot enega izmed objektov kritične infrastrukture, ki je mednarodno priznano in ki obenem predstavlja povezavo Srednje Evrope s preostalim delom sveta. Predstavili bomo pravno podlago, ki ureja varovanje, ukrepe in pooblastila varnostnikov s poudarkom na varovanju pristanišča, ki je specifično in se razlikuje od varovanja drugih objektov, in sicer trgovin, lokalov in drugih objektov. Ker je koprsko pristanišče objekt kritične infrastrukture, je vzpostavitev mehanizmov za samo zaščito ključnega pomena. Vključujoč zgolj pravno podlago, ki se nanaša na kritično infrastrukturo, na njeno varovanje in zaščito ne bi bilo dovolj za tako uspešno upravljanje koprskega pristanišča in varovanja le-tega. Zaradi navedenega so poleg zgoraj omenjene pravne podlage zasluženi še vsi interni akti, varnostno-tehnični sistem in ne nazadnje zaposleni v pristanišču z visoko pripadnostjo podjetju s Področjem pristaniške varnosti na čelu, ki se zavedajo pomembnosti in resnosti poklica, ki ga opravljajo v pristanišču. Diplomsko delo smo zaključili s potrditvijo prve zastavljene hipoteze: »V stalne ukrepe za zaščito kritične infrastrukture spadajo vsi ukrepi varnostnikov, ki jih določa Zakon o zasebnem varovanju«, in z zavrnitvijo druge, ki se glasi: »Država zagotavlja ustrezne podlage za učinkovito varovanje kritične infrastrukture«. Glede na to, da se temu področju šele v zadnjem času namenja več pozornosti imamo dobra izhodišča za nadaljnje urejanje varnosti kritične infrastrukture. In the herewith thesis we will talk about the critical infrastructure by focusing on just the only Port we do have in terms of being as one of the critical infrastructure facilities. The very concept of the critical infrastructure is considered to be both complex and challenging. It indicates the infrastructure that has been designated as critical on the basis of all sectoral and cross-sectoral criteria. Its importance is so great that in the event of an interruption of its own operation or even destruction, it would seriously endanger both the lives of the people and the general functioning of the country itself. Moreover, legal basis of the matter in question will be then introduced. On the national level it is to take into consideration the Critical Infrastructure Act and on the European Union level we should respect both the European Critical Infrastructure Regulation and all the other by-laws that may certainly prove helpful. As we proceed, particular attention will be placed on the protection of our port, being as one of the critical infrastructure facilities that is internationally recognized and at the same time represents the connection between Central Europe and the rest of the world. In addition, legal basis that regulates security, measures and powers delegated to the security officers, with emphasis placed upon port security which is no doubt quite specific and different from the security offered to other facilities, such as shops, outlets and other premises, will also be introduced. Given that the Port of Koper is in fact an object of critical infrastructure, establishing self-protection mechanisms is crucial. Including only the legal basis closely connected to the critical infrastructure, its security and protection would not be sufficient when it comes to successfully manage and protect the Port of Koper. What is more, to the aforementioned legal basis, all the internal acts, the security and technical system, and the employees working at the Port, being devoted and loyal to the company they work for, the merit should be attributed to. The fact is that they are the ones who are aware of the importance and seriousness of the profession they perform in the port. The diploma thesis was completed by confirming the first hypothesis stated: "Among the permanent measures implemented by the security guards to protect the critical infrastructure include all security measures stipulated by the Private Security Act". It is to underline that we had to reject the second hypothesis that was as follows: "The State provides adequate basis for an effective protection of the critical infrastructure". Considering the fact that more attention has only recently been devoted to this issue, we still have good starting points for further regulation of the critical infrastructure security.

Zasebno varovanje je zelo razširjeno, saj v marsikateri državi število zasebnih varnostnikov presega celo število policistov. Zasebni varnostniki pridobivajo čedalje večja in obsežnejša pooblastila oziroma ukrepe za opravljanje svojih nalog. Zato je zelo pomembno, da jim javnost zaupa, kar pomeni, da so njihova dejanja bolj legitimna in spoštovana. Zaupanje lahko pridobijo z usposobljenostjo in učinkovitostjo, saj morajo biti prebivalci zadovoljni z njihovim delom in imeti občutek varnosti. V diplomskem delu smo ugotavljali, kakšno mnenje si je slovenska javnost ustvarila o zasebnem varovanju, pri čemer smo se omejili na študentsko populacijo. Študentje se z zasebnimi varnostniki srečujejo v nočnih klubih, v trgovskih centrih, na nogometnih tekmah in drugih športnih prireditvah, na koncertih in drugih kulturnih prireditvah ali pa tudi v študentskih domovih. Rezultati naše ankete so pokazali, da so si študentje ustvarili pozitivno mnenje o zasebnem varovanju. Večina mladih zaupa zasebnim varnostnikom in je zadovoljna z njihovim delom, ter menijo, da zasebni varnostniki primerno opravljajo svoje delo. Študentje prav tako menijo, da so zasebni varnostniki primerno usposobljeni, imajo primerne kompetence in lastnosti za opravljanje poklica. V njihovi prisotnosti se tudi počutijo varno. Private security is widespread, since, in many countries, the number of private security guards exceeds the number of police officers. Private security guards are gaining greater and more extensive powers to carry out their duties. It is therefore very important that the public trusts them, which means that their actions are more legitimate and respected. Citizens' trust is gained through competence and efficiency, as citizens must be satisfied with their work and have a sense of security. In the diploma thesis, we determined the opinion of the Slovenian public about private security, where we limited ourselves to the student population. Students meet with private security guards in nightclubs, shopping centres, at football matches and other sporting events, concerts and other cultural events, or even in student dormitories. The results of our survey showed that students have a positive opinion on private security. Most young people trust private security guards, are pleased with their work, and feel that private security guards are doing their job properly. Students also believe that private security guards are properly trained, have the appropriate competencies and qualities to pursue the profession. They also feel safe in their presence.

Diplomsko delo se ukvarja s temeljnimi pojmi in zakonodajo, ki ureja področje zasebnega varovanja, posebej pa se osredotoča na varovanje prireditev v gostinskih lokalih. Teoretično se naloga v osnovi opira na aktualno zakonodajo s področja varovanja, predvsem Zakon o zasebnem varovanju, Zakon o javnih zbiranjih in Uredbo o obveznem organiziranju službe varovanja na javnih prireditvah, pri tem pa predstavi ukrepe varnostnikov pri varovanju ter sam način varovanja na prireditvah v gostinskih lokalih. Diplomsko delo daje posebej velik pomen varnostnemu načrtu kot temeljnemu dokumentu in osnovi za izvedbo varovanja, ki vsebuje oceno stopnje tveganja, program varovanja ter načrt fizičnega varovanja, in ga skozi elemente, zapisane v zakonodaji, tudi natančno opiše. Vsebuje tudi predstavitev in analizo konkretnega načrta za varovanje v gostinskem lokalu, ki ga varuje zasebno varnostna družba, ter intervju z direktorjem te družbe in tremi zaposlenimi – varnostniki. Namen intervjujev je ugotoviti, kako pomemben je za uspešno opravljanje varovanja načrt varovanja. V sklepnem delu naloga potrdi predpostavko, da je varnostni načrt temeljni dokument in – pripravljen strokovno, skrbno in temeljito – osnova vsakega dobro izvedenega varovanja. S tem se strinjajo tudi sogovorniki v empiričnem delu naloge, ki zakonska in strokovna izhodišča, na katerih temelji koncept varovanja prireditev (v gostinskih lokalih), ocenjujejo kot dobra in ustrezna, pri tem pa na podlagi izkušenj kot eno od pomembnih predpostavk za kakovostno opravljeno storitev varovanja posebej izpostavljajo timsko delo in možnost prenosa izkušenj z bolj izkušenih varnostnikov na tiste, ki so šele začeli opravljati to fizično in psihično zahtevno delo. The focus of this bachelor’s degree is basic terminology and legislation regulating private security, specifically security at events in catering establishments. Theoretical part of the paper is based on current legislation regulating security, especially the Law on Private Security and Regulation on compulsory organization of security Services at public events, highlighting the security and protection measures security guards take at events in catering establishments. This paper particularly focuses on the safety plan as the basic document and the ground for the implementation of security measures, including an assessment of the degree of risk, a security plan and a plan of physical protection. The security plan is described in detail through the articles and regulations of our legislation. In addition, this degree includes an analysis of a concrete security plan in a catering establishment, which is protected by a security company, as well as an interview with the director of this company and three employees’ security guards. The purpose of the interviews is to determine the importance of the security plan for a successful implementation of security. In the final part of the bachelor’s degree, the paper confirms the assumption that the security plan is the basic document and prepared in a professional, attentive and thorough manner the basis of every well-executed security. The empirical part of the paper shows that this is also supported by the interlocutors included in the analysis. They assess the legal and professional starting points on which the concept of protection (at catering establishments) is based, as good and appropriate. Drawing from their experiences, they conclude that one of the most important starting points for providing a quality security service is teamwork and the possibility of transferring experience and knowledge from more experienced security guards to those who have just begun to perform this physically and psychologically demanding job.

Varnost je dobrina po kateri človek hrepeni že od rojstva in se razvija skozi vse življenje že vrsto let. Zasebno varnostna podjetja postajajo čedalje pomembnejša pri zagotavljanju varnosti na varovanih območjih in nudijo oporo ostalim organom za zagotavljanje varnosti. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljena dejavnost zasebnega varovanja v Sloveniji, na Finskem, Hrvaškem in v Estoniji. Pozornost smo namenili sami zakonodaji v določeni državi in s pomočjo strokovne literature primerjali med seboj kakšna upravičenja imajo varnostniki v določenih državah, na katerih področjih lahko delujejo, kakšna je urejenost oznak in delovnih oblek in katere pogoje morajo izpolnjevati podjetja za pridobitev licence ter varnostno osebje za pridobitev službene izkaznice. Ker pa je za zagotavljanje kvalitetne varnosti potreben zadovoljen zaposlen, smo v empiričnem delu s pomočjo anketnih vprašalnikov, ki smo jih razdelili med naključne zaposlene v zasebnem varovanju, proučevali kako so varnostniki zadovoljni s trenutnim delovnim mestom. Rezultate smo primerjali z rezultati izpred devetih let ko je podobno raziskavo izvedel diplomant Fakultete za varnostne vede Filip Slovša. Po zbranih podatkih smo ugotovili, da se stanje na področju zasebnega varovanja ni bistveno spremenilo, vendar pa se izboljšuje, saj bi trenutno na tem delovnem mestu ostalo več zaposlenih in manj bi jih zamenjalo to delovno mesto za drugega. Prav tako je glede na leto 2009 več zaposlenih zelo zadovoljnih s trenutnim delovnim mestom. Na koncu smo še preverili kaj povzroča zadovoljstvo oziroma nezadovoljstvo med zaposlenimi. Security is one of social goods that a person longs for from their birth and is developing throughout their life for many years. Private security companies are becoming increasingly important in ensuring safety in protected areas and providing support to other safety authorities. The theoretical part presents the activity of private security in Slovenia, Finland, Croatia and Estonia. We paid attention to the legislation in a particular country and carried out research into the scholarly literature in order to compare authorisations of the security officers in certain countries, in which areas they can operate, what is the organisation of labels and work clothes, and what conditions must be met by companies for obtaining a licence and security personnel for obtaining an identity card. However, in ensuring quality security, satisfied employees play a crucial role. In empirical part, we examined the current workplace satisfaction of security officers from data, obtained by the survey method of questionnaires, which were distributed among random employees in private security. We compared the obtained results with the previous results from nine years ago, when a similar study was carried out by the graduate of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security Filip Slovša. According to the collected data we learned that situation in the field of private security did not change significantly, but it has been improving, since at this moment more employees would remain at their current workplace and fewer would change it. In comparison with the year of 2009, there is also a higher number of employees who are very satisfied with the current job position. In the end, we have also investigated the causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction among employees.

Kot je mogoče razbrati že iz naslova tega diplomskega dela, je njegov primarni cilj predstaviti vodenje varnostnega podjetja in kompetence varnostnega osebja. Za boljše izhodišče in lažje razumevanje sta poleg že omenjenega v nalogi predstavljena tudi področje vodenja podjetja oziroma menedžmenta in področje kompetenc. V prvem delu naloge je predstavljeno vodenje organizacije, ki zajema vodenje oziroma menedžment podjetja, kjer avtorji poudarjajo, da je za uspešno delovanje nekega podjetja potrebno njegovo učinkovito vodenje. Za učinkovito delovanje podjetja je treba uspešno voditi tudi zaposlene oziroma delovno osebje. Vodja tako glede na svoje podrejene in delovne naloge izbira ustrezen način in slog vodenja, zato so v nalogi predstavljeni različni slogi in načini vodenja. Drugi del naloge je namenjen predstavitvi kompetenc. Sodelavce je lažje voditi, če so ustrezno kompetentni ali če jim ustrezne sposobnosti, ki jih potrebujejo pri svojem delu, priučimo z izobraževanjem oziroma usposabljanjem. Glede ocenjevanja kompetenc obstajajo številne metode, v nalogi pa sta predstavljeni dve najpogostejši, in sicer ocena kompetenc z metodo 360 stopinj in metoda opazovanja na delovnem mestu. Ustrezna usposobljenost pa še toliko bolj pride do izraza pri varnostnem osebju, ki se pri delu veliko ukvarja z ljudmi in je po potrebi primorano uporabiti tudi silo. V tem delu naloge je obravnavan tudi projekt Kompetenčni center za izobraževanje varnostnega osebja, ki je veliko pripomogel k dvigu usposobljenosti varnostnega osebja. V panogi zasebnega varovanja ima ustrezna kompetentnost velik pomen, saj lahko pripomore k dvigu ugleda celotne panoge. V tretjem delu naloge sta predstavljeni še analiza ankete varnostnikov in razprava o rezultatih. As it derives from the title of the thesis, its primary goal is to present the management of a security company and competences of the security personnel. For a better starting point and easier understanding, the thesis additionally presents the field of company management and the field of competences. The first part of the thesis presents organizational management, which includes the management of a company, where authors stress out that successful business performance of a company demands effective company management and on the other hand successful employee or staff management. Considering his subordinates and the work tasks, the manager chooses an appropriate type leadership type and style, therefore the thesis presents different leadership types and styles. The second part of the thesis presents competences. Co-workers are easier to lead, if they have the necessary competences for their work or if they acquire them through education or training. There are numerous method for the assessment of competences, but the thesis only presents the two most common ones, namely the assessment of competences with the method 360 degrees and the method of observation at the workplace. Appropriate qualifications stand out even further in the case of the security personnel, who have a lot of contact with people during work and are sometimes even forced to use force. This part of the thesis also discusses the project Competitive centre for the education of security personnel, which contributed a lot to raise the qualifications of the security personnel. Appropriate qualifications are of significant importance in the private security branch, since they can contribute to the raise of the entire branch’s reputation. The third part of the thesis presents the analysis of the survey among security personnel and the discussion about the results.

Diplomsko delo obravnava detektivsko dejavnost, delo detektivov, odkrivanje pošiljateljev anonimnih pisem in uporabo grafološke analize v detektivski dejavnosti. Anonimna pisma so vsa pisma, ki jih pisci zaradi različnih razlogov niso podpisali ali pa so se podpisali z lažnim imenom. Osebe, ki pišejo takšna pisma imajo pogosto psihične motnje, ali pa so pisma napisali pod vplivom različnih substanc. Takšna pisma ponavadi nastanejo zaradi različnih zamer, ki se lahko gojijo dolga leta, zaradi ljubezenskih zadev, strasti, hudobije, sovraštva in pohlepa. Pojavljajo se v različnih oblikah, kot rokopis, tiskanje, risanje, elektronsko sporočilo, grafitno pisanje na objektih ali pa kot letaki. Z odkrivanjem pošiljateljev anonimnih pisem se ukvarjajo tudi detektivi. Njihovo delo je zanimivo, dinamično, pestro, raznoliko, naporno, dolgočasno, utrujajoče, odgovorno, zelo zahtevno in pa tudi nevarno. Potrebujejo tudi različna znanja in spretnosti za svoje delo. Da detektiv odkrije pošiljatelja anonimnega pisma je zelo pomembna preiskava pisave, podpisa, sloga in jezika. S takšno analizo pa se ukvarjajo grafologi. Detektivi imajo izdelan načrt za preiskovanje anonimnih pisem, ki pa ga je potrebno spreminjati in prilagajati saj se pisma razlikujejo med seboj. Detektivom bi pri preiskavi prav prišlo grafološko znanje ali pa boljše sodelovanje z grafologi. Saj se grafologija ukvarja s preučevanjem pisave in tako odkriva osebnostne značilnosti pisca, kar pa lahko detektivom pomaga zožiti krog osumljencev. Pošiljatelja anonimnega pisma je najbolje iskati v bližini žrtve, saj pisci ponavadi živijo v neposredni bližini žrtev ali pa pogosto zahajajo na tisti kraj. Oseba, ki je odposlala svoje prvo anonimno pismo, bo najverjetneje čez nekaj časa poslala še drugo, saj lahko nekaterim ljudem to postane strast in jih zasvoji. A thesis deals with the detective activity, detective work, detection of senders of anonymous letters and the use of graphology analysis in the detective business. Anonymous letters are all letters, that writers didn't sign for different reasons or they signed with fake name. People who write such letters usually have psychological disorders, or letters have been written under the influence of different substances. Such letters happen because of different resentments, that they can be bred for a number of years, because of love matters, passion, mischief, hate and greed usually. They are appearing in different shapes, as writing, printing, drawing, electronic message, graphite writing on buildings or as leaflets. Also detectives engage in detection of senders of anonymous letters. Their work is interesting, dynamic, diverse, varied, exhausting, boring, tiring, responsible, very demanding and also dangerous. Detectives need different knowledges and skills for their work. To detect the sender of the anonymous letter, the detective finds a very important search for a script, a signature, a style, and a language. Graphologists deal with this analysis. Detectives have a plan to investigate anonymous letters, but they need to be modified and adapted because the letters are different from one another. Detectives would have acquired graphological knowledge in the investigation or better collaboration with graphologists. Graphology deals with investigating of font and discovering personality features of a writer. That help to narrow circle of suspects. The sender of the anonymous letter is best sought near the victim, as writers usually live in close proximity to victims or often go to that place. A person who has sent her first anonymous letter will most likely send another one after another, as some people may become passionate and addictive.

Diplomsko delo je namenjeno predvsem predstavitvi normativne ureditve varovanja prevoza gotovine in drugih vrednostnih pošiljk med dvema državama članicama Evropske unije (EU), Republiko Slovenijo in Republiko Hrvaško. V diplomskem delu je bila povzeta tako dejavnost zasebnega varovanja kot tudi nadzor s strani pristojnih državnih organov, s katerim se dviga standard varnosti pri opravljanju prevozov in varovanja gotovine ter drugih vrednostnih pošiljk. S samo primerjavo in pregledom sprememb zakonodaje tako v Republiki Sloveniji kot tudi v Republiki Hrvaški smo pokazali, da se obe spreminjata v skladu s smernicami in trendi, ki so na trgu. Pri pregledu in analizi predpostavk smo zastavili vprašanje, kako se razlikuje normativna ureditev v teh dveh državah članicah EU. Težišče celotne naloge je bilo normativni ureditvi in, zakonih o zasebnem varovanju v Republiki Sloveniji ter Republiki Hrvaški. Neposredna primerjava podzakonskih predpisov v obeh obravnavanih državah je pokazala nekatere skupne stične točke in nekatera razhajanja. Cilj diplomskega dela je bil potrditi oz. ovreči zastavljene hipoteze, ki opredeljujejo normativno dejavnost, urejenost in varnost področja varovanja prevozov gotovine ter drugih vrednostnih pošiljk. Pri izvajanju prevozov gotovine in drugih vrednostnih pošiljk, upoštevajoč relevantne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na varen prenos in prevoz gotovine ter drugih vrednostnih pošiljk, je prisotnih več standardov, ki imajo namen zagotoviti preglednost vseh postopkov in varnost varnostnega osebja ter varno dostavo varovanih pošiljk naročnikom. Iz ugotovitev lahko zaključimo, da so v Republiki Sloveniji postavljeni temelji, ki zagotavljajo visok nivo varnostnih standardov, ki pa je bil s sprejetjem novega pravilnika o načinu prevoza in varovanja gotovine ter drugih vrednostnih pošiljk le še izboljšan. The Bachelor's thesis is mostly intended to introduce the normative regulatory framework of securing the transport of money and other valuable shipments between two European Union (EU) Member States, namely the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia. The thesis summarizes both the area of operation of private security providers as well as the supervision conducted on part of competent state agencies – the latter enables a growing standard of security in executing secure transports of money and other valuable shipments. The comparison between the two legislations together with an overview made of any amendments revealed that both legislations are adapting in line with new guidelines and trends existing in the market. While conducting the comparison and analysis of our hypotheses, we addressed the research question on how the normative regulatory frameworks in these two EU Member States differ from one another. The main focus of the thesis was based around the normative regulatory framework, and the laws on private security in Slovenia and in Croatia, respectively. The direct comparison of relevant sub-legal provisions in both countries revealed some commonalities as well as several issues of divergence. The thesis was set out to confirm or disprove the hypotheses, which define the area of activity, its normative regulation and the ensuring of security in the area of securing transports of money and other valuable shipments. In executing the transport of cash and other high value goods, considering all factors that influence the security of the transport, there are several relevant standards to observe and are intended to ensure the transparency of all procedures, the safety of the personnel as well as a safe delivery of secured shipments to the clients. The findings enable us to conclude that in the Republic of Slovenia, foundations have been set in place, which ensure a high level of security standards. The latter were further raised with the acceptance of the most recent »Rules on the Transport and Protection of Money and Other Valuable Shipments«.

Diplomska naloga obravnava vlogo detektivskega poklica na področju kontrole in nadzora bolniškega staleža nad zaposlenim delavcem. Za pravilno in strokovno razumevanje vloge detektiva in detektivskega poklica so na začetku naloge opredeljeni temeljni pojmi, kot so detektiv, detektivska dejavnost, delovno področje detektiva, upravičenja detektiva, prepovedi detektiva, bolniški stalež, bolniška odsotnost, bolniški dopust, posledice izkoriščanja bolniškega staleža, kontrola in nadzor bolniškega staleža, slovenska zakonska ureditev bolniškega staleža, zloraba bolniške odsotnosti z dela in izredna odpoved pogodbe o zaposlitvi. Skozi diplomsko nalogo je bilo ugotovljeno, kdo lahko opravlja detektivsko dejavnost in s katerimi metodami dela se pri svojem vsakdanjem delu srečuje. V nadaljevanju je bil podrobneje preučen bolniški stalež oziroma bolniška odsotnost zaposlenega z dela ter dejavniki izkoriščanja bolniške odsotnosti. V diplomski nalogi je bila temeljno opredeljena kontrola bolniškega staleža in nadzor bolniškega staleža, ugotovljene so bile razlike med tovrstnim detektivskim delom in oba pojma podrobneje opisana. Razčlenjena je bila slovenska zakonodaja na področju bolniške odsotnosti, s katero se detektivi srečujejo pri svojem delu. Opisan je bil tudi temeljni institut pri opravljanju kontrole in nadzora bolniškega staleža, to je izredna odpoved pogodbe o zaposlitvi. Največji poudarek v diplomski nalogi temelji na bolniškem staležu, saj je zloraba pravice o zadržanosti z dela zaradi bolezni ali poškodbe najbolj obsežna vrsta detektivskega dela med detektivi. Zaradi boljše opredelitve in lažjega razumevanja tematike ter potrditve ugotovitev so v diplomski nalogi predstavljeni štirje detektivski primeri nadzora bolniškega staleža in en primer sodbe Višjega delovnega in socialnega sodišča. Diplomska naloga vsebuje tudi intervju, ki je bil posredovan štirinajstim slovenskim detektivom. The diploma thesis elaborates the role of the detective profession in the field of sick leave control and supervision. In order to understand the role of the detective and detective profession correctly and from an expert point of view, the thesis starts with the definition of the basic terminology: detective, detective service, the field of work of a detective, the actions that a detective is entitled and prohibited to perform, sick leave, sickness absence, sick day, consequences of sick leave abuse, sick leave control and supervision, Slovene legislation related to sick leave, sick leave abuse and extraordinary termination of the employment contract. Throughout the diploma paper, it has been determined who is able to run detective service and what working methods he adopts at his everyday work. Further on, sick leave and sickness absence, and reasons for sick leave abuse have been analysed. The diploma paper demonstrates and contrasts sick leave control and sick leave supervision, and distinguishes between working methods that detectives use with each of these services. The paper analyses Slovene legislation related to sick leave and observed by detectives at their everyday work activities. In addition to this, the paper presents the fundamental institution of the sick leave control and supervision, that is extraordinary termination of the employment contract. Great emphasis is laid on the sick leave, as the abuse of the right to be absent from duty due to sickness or injury is the most commonly performed line of detective business. For an adequate definition, good understanding and confirmation of the findings in this diploma thesis, four detective cases of sick leave supervision and Higher Labour and Social Court judgement have been presented. Part of the paper is also an interview that was passed to fourteen Slovene detectives.

Varnost je za človeka prav gotovo ena izmed največjih dobrin, h kateri teži že od rojstva. Ker pa smo v zadnjem času priča številnim izrednim varnostnim dogodkom, je pomembno, da se zavedamo, da je v naši bližini ogromno institucij, ki se trudijo doseči občutek največje možne varnosti. V največji meri varnost prav gotovo zagotavlja policija, so pa tudi druge organizacije, ki strankam nudijo plačljive varnostne storitve. Ena izmed teh so prav gotovo zasebni detektivi, ki v zameno za plačilo za stranko opravijo dogovorjeno storitev. Ti med drugim svetujejo na področju kaznivih ravnanj, pridobivajo pomembne podatke od oseb tudi s pomočjo vpogleda v številne evidence, pri svojem delu pa si pomagajo še s tehničnimi pripomočki. Detektivi zbrane podatke obdelajo in posredujejo naročniku. Pomembno je, da detektiv opravlja svojo dejavnost v skladu z Zakonom o detektivski dejavnosti, saj v kolikor deluje izven zakonskih okvirjev, pridobljeni podatki niso zakoniti in verodostojni na sodišču. Ker je bila detektivska dejavnost v začetku dokaj slabo opredeljena in jo je bilo zato treba podrobneje urediti, je leta 1994 stopil v veljavo prvi Zakon o detektivski dejavnosti. Omenjeno leto štejemo kot prelomnico detektivske dejavnosti v Republiki Sloveniji. V začetku smo podrobneje spoznali pravice, dolžnosti in zakonske okvire delovanja detektivov pri nas in v tujini. Analizirali smo tudi naslednje izbrane države: Nemčijo, Združene države Amerike in Hrvaško. V nadaljevanju smo potrdili ali ovrgli zastavljene hipoteze in sicer s pomočjo intervjujev ter s prebiranjem strokovne literature. Ugotovitve so pokazale, da je v Republiki Sloveniji zakonodaja veliko bolj dodelana kot v tujini in da slovenski zakonodajalec sledi pobudam detektivov ter jih tudi upošteva. Ker pa detektiv svoj poklic opravlja v zameno za plačilo, nas je zanimalo, ali povpraševanje po njihovih storitvah narašča ali upada. Za lažjo predstavo ter boljše razumevanje vsebine je opisan tudi praktični primer dela detektivov v Republiki Sloveniji. Safety is definitely one of the greatest goods for us humans, which we have been striving for since our birth. However, as we have recently witnessed a number of extraordinary security events, it is important to be aware that there are a lot of institutions in our vicinity trying to achieve a sense of maximum security. Security is certainly provided to the greatest extent by the police, but there are also other organisations offering payable security services to their customers. One of these are definitely private detectives who, in return for payment, perform a contracted service for a client. Among other things, they provide advice in the field of criminal behaviour, acquire important data from and on people, also through the insight into a number of records and by using various technical aids in their work. Detectives process the collected data and forward it to the client. It is important for the detective to carry out his activity in compliance with the Detective Activities Act because if he works outside the legal framework, the obtained data cannot be accepted before the court in terms of their legality and credibility. As the detective activity was initially rather poorly defined, it had to be regulated in detail, so in 1994 the first Detective Activities Act was brought into force. This year is considered a turning point in detective activity in the Republic of Slovenia. At the beginning, we have learnt more about the rights, duties and legal frameworks of detective activity in Slovenia and abroad. We have also analysed the following selected countries: Germany, United States of America and Croatia. In the continuation, we have confirmed or refuted the hypotheses, through interviews and by consulting scentific literature. The findings have shown that the legislation is much more developed in the Republic of Slovenia than in the rest of the world, and that the Slovenian legislator follows the initiatives of detectives and takes them into account. However, as the detective pursues his profession in exchange for payment, we were interested in whether the demand for their services is on the increase or decrease. A practical example of the work of detectives in the Republic of Slovenia is also described in order to facilitate the perception and better understanding of the content.

Prevoz in varovanje gotovine ter drugih vrednostnih pošiljk je zagotovo ena izmed najzahtevnejših oblik zasebnega varovanja. Zaradi navedenega je nujno, da je to področje ustrezno regulirano ali da obstajajo vsaj neke vrste standardi. V nalogi je predstavljena zakonska urejenost tega področja v Sloveniji in v 7 izbranih evropskih državah (Avstrija, Nemčija, Francija, Nizozemska, Belgija, Italija in Španija). Pri analizi držav je poudarek na tem, kako je s pridobitvijo licenc, kakšne vrste licenc imajo posamezne države, kakšne so zahteve glede strokovnega usposabljanja in izpopolnjevanja, opreme in posesti ter uporabe strelnega orožja. Glede na navedene kriterije so analizirane države razdeljene v tri skupine. V eno skupino sodijo države, ki imajo precej ohlapna določila in imajo to področje manj regulirano sem sodita Nemčija in Avstrija. Nekatere države so zelo striktne in imajo stroga določila. Sem nedvomno sodita Belgija in Španija. Preostale države so nekje vmes. Slovenija ima to področje precej podrobno regulirano in jo zato lahko uvrščamo med bolj regulirane države. Pri logistiki denarja je pomembno tudi, kako ima država organiziran gotovinski cikel. Analizirane države imajo različne modele gotovinskega cikla, ki se med seboj razlikujejo predvsem po tem, kakšno vlogo imajo v procesu centralna banka s podružnicami, poslovne banke, podjetja za prevoz in varovanje gotovine ter ostali udeleženci. Slovenski sistem oskrbe z gotovino je poseben, saj nimamo tipičnih podjetij za prevoz in varovanje gotovine, kot jih imajo druge države. Tovrstna podjetja drugje po Evropi so bolj vpeta v sistem oskrbe z gotovino, saj skrbijo tudi za razvrščanje in sortiranje gotovine, nekatera imajo organizirane tudi lastne gotovinske centre. Naša podjetja z licenco za prevoz in varovanje gotovine ter drugih vrednostnih pošiljk največkrat pobirajo dnevne izkupičke trgovcev in jih dostavljajo v dnevno nočne trezorje. Samo nekatera večja podjetja sodelujejo z depotnimi bankami in kot zunanji partner opravljajo prevoze in oskrbo bankomatov. Transport and security of cash and other insured items is one of the most demanding forms of private security. Consequently, it is essential to adequately regulate this field or to set up some sort of standards. The thesis presents the legislative framework in the Republic of Slovenia and in 7 selected European member states (Austria, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Spain). The analysis of countries was focused on the acquisition of licences and specific types of available licences in each country, as well as the requirements related to professional training and in-service training, equipment, and the carrying and use of firearms. On the basis of the listed criteria the analysed countries were divided in three groups. The first group includes countries with rather loose regulations and consequently a less regulated field, such as Germany and Austria. The second group includes countries with very strict provisions, which definitely include Belgium and Spain, while the third group includes countries which are somewhere in the middle. Slovenia regulated the relevant field in a lot of detail, therefore we can include it in the second group. From the cash logistics perspective the cash cycle organisation in a specific country is essential. The analysed countries implemented different cash cycle models, which differ mainly in the role of the participants (i.e. central bank and its subsidiaries, commercial banks, cash transport and security providers and others) in the process. Slovenian cash supply system is very specific, since we do not have typical companies for cash transport and security compared to those in other countries. Such companies in other parts of Europe are more integrated in the cash supply system, since they are also responsible for the sorting of cash while some of them also set up their own cash centres. Licenced Slovenian companies for the transport and security of cash and other insured items mostly collect daily revenues of retailers, which they deliver to day and night vaults. Only specific major companies work together with depository banks, and serve as contracts for the transportation and supply of ATM machines.

Diplomsko delo obravnava varovanje podjetja in varnostnike v podjetju. Da je podjetje varno in uspešno, ga je treba nenehno varovati pred vsakim škodnim pojavom, pretiranim tveganjem in negotovostjo (Vršec, 1993). Podjetje lahko za varovanje izbere fizično ali tehnično varovanje. Oba načina varovanja imata enak cilj, in sicer preprečiti škodne dogodke na varovanem območju ali objektu. Fizično varovanje je varovanje, ki ga v podjetju izvajajo strokovno usposobljeni varnostniki. Podjetje ima dve možnosti, in sicer varnostno službo lahko sestavljajo lastni varnostniki, ali pogodbeno najeti varnostniki (Podbregar, 2007). V obeh primerih je glavna naloga varnostnika preprečiti nepooblaščenim osebam dostop v varovani objekt, zaščititi ljudi in materialne dobrine, varovati pred uničenjem, poškodovanjem, odtujitvijo in preprečiti oziroma hitro zaznati kriminalna dejanja (Zarič in soavtorji, 2013). Pri fizičnem varovanju podjetja se postavi vprašanje, ali so zaposleni varnostniki strošek ali korist. Nekateri lastniki podjetij funkcijo varnostnika vidijo le kot strošek in menijo, da ga podjetje ne potrebuje. Pri tem je potrebno poudariti, da za varovanje podjetja ne zadošča samo tehnično varovanje, saj tehnika ni vedno popolnoma zanesljiva. Varovanje podjetja je lahko v tem primeru popolnoma zanesljivo samo, če v podjetju izvaja varovanje tudi varnostnik, ki je stalno prisoten na varovanem območju (Zarič in soavtorji, 2013). Seveda mora biti način varovanja in stopnja ogrožanja ter iz nje izhajajoča posledica tako velika, da je uvedba smiselna (Podbregar, 2007). Diplomsko delo je razdeljeno na več poglavij. Najprej na splošno predstavi podjetje in opisuje škodne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na podjetje in kaj vse lahko ogroža varnost v podjetju. Spoznamo notranje in zunanje škodne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na varnost podjetja. Nato predstavi, kako se mora podjetje lotiti vzpostavitve varnostnega sistema in katere lastnosti potrebuje za dober varnostni sistem. Prikazana so fizična in tehnična sredstva varovanja podjetja. Sledi predstavitev organiziranja varnostnih služb v podjetju in predstavitev varovanja podjetja z lastnimi varnostniki ter pogodbeno najetimi varnostniki. Pri tem je podrobneje opisan poklic varnostnika v podjetju. Na koncu diplomskega dela je predstavljeno, ali je varnostnik v podjetju strošek ali korist. Narejen je tudi intervju z varnostniki v podjetju in z lastniki ter vodstvom podjetij. Present diploma paper discusses the security of a company and security guards in a company. For a company to be safe and successful, it must always be protected against all damaging occurrences, excessive risk-taking and uncertainty (Vršec, 1993). A company can choose physical or technical security. Both methods have the same goal: to prevent damaging occurrences in a protected area or facility. Physical security in a company is conducted by trained security guards. A company has two options: the security service can be comprised of a company’s own or contracted security guards (Podbregar, 2007). In both cases the main tasks of a security guard is to prevent the unauthorized persons to access the protected facility, protect people and material goods, guard against destruction, damage or theft, and prevent or quickly detect criminal acts (Zarič et al., 2013). Physical security raises the question of whether the employed security guards are an expense or a benefit. Some company owners see the function of a security guard only as an expense and believe that the company does not need them. It is important to emphasize that technical security only is not enough for the security of a company because the technology is not always completely reliable. The security of a company can be completely reliable only when it is conducted by a security guard who is constantly present at the area (Zarič et al., 2013). When using this method of security the threat level and the resulting consequence must be high enough for the physical protection to be reasonable (Podbregar, 2007). The diploma paper is divided into several chapters. First, the company in general and the damage factors affecting the company are presented, along with all the security threats in the company. We learn about internal and external damage factors which affect the security of the company. Then the establishment of a security system in a company and the properties of a good security system are described. Physical and technical means of security in a company are presented, followed by the organization of security services in a company and the presentation of security in a company with own and contracted security guards. The profession of a security guard in a company is described. The final part of the diploma paper shows whether the security guard in a company is an expense or a benefit. An interview with security guards, owners and the management of the company is conducted as well.

Sistem pristopne kontrole se uporablja za identifikacijo oseb tudi pri vstopanju v podjetje. Da bi zagotovili varen in učinkovit sistem identifikacije, smo ugotavljali prednosti in slabosti sistema ter možnost kombiniranja različnih metod identifikacije za večjo varnost podjetja. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge smo se osredotočili na tehnično varovanje kot pripomoček fizičnemu varovanju ter v nadaljevanju odkrivali korelacijo obeh sistemov varovanja oziroma medsebojno vplivanje na ustreznost varovanja vhoda v podjetje. Izziv je bil omogočiti nemoteno delovanje sistema pristopne kontrole brez vpliva ali posredovanja varnostnega osebja pri kontroli vstopajočih oseb. Za lažje raziskovanje smo najprej spoznali, kateri so elementi varnostnega sistema, da bi vedeli, kaj varujemo, pred kom varujemo in s čim ter kako varujemo. Raziskavo smo usmerili v iskanje kombinacije tehničnih sredstev sistema pristopne kontrole za vzpostavitev varnega vstopanja zaposlenih. Potreba po kombiniranju varnostnih mehanizmov se je pokazala po izvedeni kategorizaciji vstopajočih oseb in oceni tveganja za podjetje. Pri izbiri tehničnih sredstev za kontrolo oseb na vstopu v podjetje nam je pomagala tudi izvedena anketa, s katero smo potrdili nekatere domneve o uporabi biometričnih ali drugih bolj konvencionalnih metod identifikacije. Access control system can be used for person identification on the entrance of the company. To insure secure and effective identification system we had to search what are advantages and disadvantages of the system and to increase security of the company we had to combine some different methods of identification. In theoretical part of our work, we focused on technical security as additional accessory to physical security due to discovering of some correlations of either security system or mutual impact on adequacy of security system at the entrance of the company. Challenge was how to enable uninterrupted functioning of access control system and how to reduce actions and impact of security personnel on the access control system when checking entering people. For better understanding what we are protecting, what are the threats and how we are protecting and what equipment we are using for protection we had to research what the elements of security system are. Research was pointed in searching of the best combination of technical equipment for access control system to insure secure entering of employees. The need for combining security mechanisms was revealed after we implemented categorization of entering people and risk assessment of the company. When choosing technical equipment for person control at the entrance of the company we used survey to help us confirm presumptions of biometrical and some other more conventional methods of identification.

Za izdelavo diplomskega dela, smo obdelali tematiko varovanja javnih prireditev na primeru varovanja v nočnih lokalih. Na podlagi prebrane in analizirane literature lahko trdimo, da je varovanje v nočnih lokalih v veliki meri odvisno od naročnika službe varovanja (primer: lastnik lokala) in od tega ali se drži zakonskih predpisov. Veliko ljudi namreč meni, da so varnostniki nepotrebni in nepomembni, zato njihovega dela in njihovih navodil ne jemljejo tako resno kot pri posredovanju policije. Skozi diplomsko delo smo ugotovili, da so varnostniki zelo pomembni pri zagotavljanju varnosti tako s svojim preventivnim delovanjem kot tudi z uporabo dovoljenih ukrepov s katerimi preprečujejo razna nasilna ravnanja. V povezavi s tem smo opredelili zasebno varovanje, uporabnike varnostnih storitev, vlogo varnostnikov pri varovanju javnih prireditev, aktualne zakone na tem področju, licence, ki so potrebne za zagotavljanje tovrstne varnosti. Opisali in navedli smo pogoje, ki so potrebni za pridobitev službene izkaznice. Poseben poudarek smo namenili varovanju nočnih lokalov – ustrezne licence, število varnostnikov, videonadzor, vloga varnostnika pri zagotavljanju varnosti. Kot dodatek k diplomski nalogi smo izdelali anketo o obiskovanju nočnih lokalov, poteku varovanja, ter o občutku varnosti in odnosu varnostnikov do obiskovalcev nočnih lokalov. For our dissertation we focused on security actions in public events while closely examining the security in night clubs. After reviewing and analysing the referenced literature it is possible to claim that security in night clubs mostly depends on the person that hires the security service (example: the night club owner) and also on them following the laws. It is a common opinion that security guards are unnecessary and unimportant and that is why their jobs are not taken as seriously as the policemen’s. Throughout our dissertation it has been acknowledged that the security guards are very important for keeping the environment safe, mostly with their preventive actions as with the use of allowed actions to stop any possible violent acts. Furthermore private security industry, users of the security service, the role of security guards in public events, current laws in that field and licences needed to do the job have been defined. Together with that we have described the conditions under which one can obtain a work card. With this in mind the main focus was on the security in night clubs, in other words researching the appropriate licenses, the number of security guards, video surveillance and the role of the security guard in providing a safe environment. In addition a questionnaire was made and it included the questions about visiting the night clubs, the course of security, the sense of security visitors have and the relationship between the security guards and the visitors of night clubs.

Nagle tehnološke spremembe in s tem povezana globalizacija, intenzivna prepletanja različnih kultur in vrednot, nove oblike groženj tako doma kot v tujini, vse to spreminja naš pogled na varnost in s tem na načine zagotavljanja le te. Prilagajanje takšnim faktorjem je nujno, saj le na tak način lahko zagotovimo ustrezno delovanje družbe in posameznikov v njej. Kako je v Republiki Sloveniji normativno in dejansko urejeno varovanje upravnih organov, in kateri subjekti so tisti, ki so v prvi vrsti odgovorni za zagotavljanje varnosti le tem, je osrednje vprašanje tega diplomskega dela. Skozi delo je tako predstavljena ureditev sistema varovanja upravnih organov v Republiki Sloveniji v mirnodobnem času, in sicer na konkretnem primeru Ministrstva za delo, družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti, katerega varnost, v smislu varovanja ljudi in premoženja, zagotavlja zasebno varnostna družba v sodelovanju s policijo. Opredeljena in primerjana so upravičenja tako varnostnikov kot policistov, predstavljena je primerjava njihove usposobljenosti in opisano tudi njihovo medsebojno sodelovanje pri opravljanju nalog varovanja. Rapid technological changes, globalization related to them, intense intermingling of different cultures and values, new forms of threats both at home and abroad, all that changes our view of safety and ways of ensuring safety. Adjusting to such factors is essential, since it is the only way to ensure suitable operation of society and individuals in society. The manner in which the normative and actual protection of administrative bodies is regulated, and which entities are the ones who are primarily responsible for providing security, is the central question of this diploma paper. The paper thus presents a regulation of the system of protection provided for the administrative bodies in the Republic of Slovenia in peacetime, in a particular case, the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, whose safety in terms of protecting people and property is provided by a private security company in cooperation with the police. The diploma paper identifies and compares entitlements of both the security guards and the police officers, presents a comparison of their qualifications and also describes their mutual cooperation in carrying out the security tasks.

S konkurenco na trgu se mora sprijazniti vsak gospodarski subjekt, če ima namen dobičkonosno tržiti svoje izdelke in storitve. Tako to velja tudi za zasebne detektive, ki morajo delovati v skladu s tržnim in konkurenčnim pravom ter sodobnimi poslovnimi navadami. Na trg je potrebno vstopati načrtno, organizirano, korektno in z vsem spoštovanjem do konkurence. Trg oziroma konkurenčne razmere namreč terjajo natančno in podrobno planiranje vsakega poslovnega koraka. Dober pripomoček pri planiranju in tudi kasnejšem poslovanju je kvaliteten poslovni načrt. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge smo opisali obstoječe stanje in prikazati značilnosti poslovnega načrta na področju dejavnosti zasebnih detektivov. Bodočim detektivom bo diplomsko delo lahko olajšalo pripravo poslovnih načrtov. Cilj je bil vzpostaviti smernice za poslovni načrt zasebnega detektiva, ki so ključnega pomena v tržnem gospodarstvu in zmanjšujejo poslovna tveganja. Zasebni detektivi nastopajo na trgu detektivskih storitev, kjer se soočajo z mehanizmi konkurence in potrebami ter zahtevami naročnikov/porabnikov detektivskih storitev. Any economic subject in the market should accept competition if it intends is to profitably sell their products and services. The same applies to private detectives, who must operate in accordance with market and competition law and modern business practices. To enter the market it is necessary to work methodically organized, correctly and with all respect due to the competition. Market and competition require precise and detailed planning of every business step. A good tool for planning and subsequent cooperation is a quality complete business plan. In the theoretical part of thesis we describe the existing situation and highlight the characteristics of the business plan for the activities of private detectives. This thesis might help prospective detectives how to prepare business plans. The aim is to establish guidelines for the business plan of a private detective, which are crucial in a market economy and also reduce business risks. Private detectives working on the market of detective services, which are faced with the mechanisms of competition and the users requirements. Taking into account all the above findings, we set up the hypothesis that the business plan is very useful, helpful and indispensable document for the work of private detectives. Development of detective field in Slovenia has started in the nineties, as previously there was no normative basis. Therefore it is a relatively new activity which still has time to search new market niches in this business. So we also raised the hypothesis that there are good prospects for the implementation and success of the new private detectives.

V zadnjem desetletju je bilo zasebno varovanje, zlasti varovanje nočnih lokalov, pod nenehnim drobnogledom stroke, politike in javnosti. Gre za pomembno panogo, ki dopolnjuje državno varnost vojske in policije. Danes zasebno varovanje po ocenah zaposluje več kot 6500 oseb, od tega, glede na gospodarski delež, jih je v gostinskih lokalih skoraj 1000. Ti skrbijo za varnost v javnem življenju v nočnih lokalih, še posebno mladih. Razlog za povečano zanimanje javnosti, poglobljen nadzor in nagle regulativne spremembe so tudi nekateri tragični primeri, ki so se zgodili zaradi pomanjkljive zakonodaje ali neupoštevanja le-te, terjali pa človeška življenja. Med njimi sta bila gotovo najbolj odmevna primera Lipa in Global, ki ju podrobneje obravnavamo. Poleg analize dogodkov in samega pregleda obeh primerov in dejanj, ki so jima sledila, poskušamo v tem diplomskem delu analizirati tudi njune posledice in dolgoročnejši vpliv. Na podlagi obeh dogodkov poskušamo ugotoviti njuno vlogo na spremembe v regulativi in zakonodaji, dotaknemo pa se tudi analize primernosti teh sprememb ter teoretičnega in praktičnega nadzora dejanskega upoštevanja in spoštovanja zakonodaje in predpisov. Splošna ugotovitev tega dela je, da je stanje danes znatno bolje urejeno, kot je bilo pred desetletjem, kar je najverjetneje tudi vplivalo na zmanjšanje tovrstnih tragičnih primerov. Private property protection, especially protecting nightclubs, has been subjected to continuous scrutiny of professionals and politicians as well as to public pressure. It is an important branch of economy which completes the regular state protection provided by the army and the police. It currently employs over 6500 people, among them over thousand in public places, especially the young in nightclubs. The reason for the increase in public interest, stricter control and quick regulation changes are also some tragic cases, which happened either because of insufficient legislation or because of its disrespect and led to loss of lives. The two most echoing cases among these were certainly those of Lipa and Global, which are discussed in detail in this diploma work. Apart from analysing the events and overviewing both cases as well as the activities that followed, this diploma work also tries to analyse the consequences and the long- term effects of these events. On the basis of both events we try first of all to find out their effect on the changes in regulation and legislation, but we also touch on the analysis of the adequacy of these changes as well as the theoretical and practical control of the actual consideration and respect of the legislation and regulations. The overall conslusion of our diploma work is that the current situation is much better regulated than it was just a decade ago, which has probably also resulted in the decrease of such tragic cases.

Video nadzor je varnostni ukrep, ki je z uvedbo novih informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij postal tako enostaven in poceni, da je primeren za široko in ne več le za profesionalno uporabo. Da bi bilo to možno, je bilo potrebno varnostnim subjektom vzeti izključno pravico do uporabe video nadzora ter ga prepustiti širšemu naboru uporabnikov. Tako so zadovoljni proizvajalci, trgovci in kupci, pa tudi zasebno varovanje, saj tako uspešnega prodajnega artikla še ni imelo. Zasebno varovanje je popolnoma brez pretresov sprejelo spremembo svojega krovnega zakona, ko je zakonodajalec iz njega izbrisal uporabo video nadzora iz nabora ukrepov varnostnika. Pravna ureditev video nadzora, ki je še vedno prvenstveno namenjen varovanju ljudi in premoženja, je bila prenesena v zakon, ki je namenjen varovanju osebnih podatkov, kjer pa je verjetno tudi zaradi pričakovane neprofesionalne rabe, bistveno bolj natančno opredeljen. Vendar je tak le zunanji videz video nadzora kot družbenega pojava. V resnici gre za občutljivo področje tehtanja med varnostjo in svobodo, nadzorom in vohljanjem, legalnostjo in legitimnostjo. Teh odločitev ni modro prepuščati ne trgu ne presoji posameznika, oba sta namreč razcepljena: do lastnih interesov popustljiva, do drugih stroga. Ponovna profesionalizacija video nadzora je videti kot dobra rešitev teh dilem, tako mu je najlažje zagotoviti zakonito, strokovno in sorazmerno oziroma humano rabo. Pod takimi pogoji bi morebiti lahko dodelili upravljavcem, varnostnim subjektom, pravnim osebam s strokovnim in varnostno preverjenim kadrom nekoliko večja pooblastila pri uporabi te izjemne tehnologije, da bo končno lahko dajala rezultate, ki bodo uporabnikom res v prid. Video surveillance is a security measure which has with the introduction of information and communication technology become so simple and cheap that it is suitable for a wide and not only for professional use. To make this possible it was necessary to take the exclusive right of using video surveillance from security operators and leave it to a wider range of users, so producers, buyers and customers are satisfied and private security as well because they have never had such a successful selling item yet. Private security accepted completely without stress a change to its general law when the legislature deleted the use of video surveillance from a set of measures of security guard. Legal arrangement of video surveillance, which is still primarily aimed at protecting people and property, has been transposed to the law, which is designed for the protection of personal data, where it is, probably also because of the expected professional use, far more precisely defined. However this is only the external appearance of video surveillance as a social phenomenon. In fact it is a sensitive area of balancing between security and freedom, control and snooping, legality and legitimacy. It is not wise to leave these decisions nor to the market nor to the individual judgment, because both are namely partitioned: indulgent to their own interests and strict towards others. Re-professionalization of video surveillance seems to be the best solution to these dilemmas, so this is the easiest way to provide legal, professional, proportional and human use. Under such conditions it would possibly be assigned slightly bigger powers to administrators, security operators and legal entities with professional verified staff in the usage of this exceptional technology, that it could finally give some results that could buyers really benefit from.

Po uvodnem delu smo v diplomskem delu predstavili metodološki pristop pri nastajanju dela. Opisali smo predmet in cilje, teze in uporabljene metode, ki smo jih uporabili v diplomskem delu. Nadalje smo opredelili osnovne pojme. V diplomskem delu so pomembni naslednji pojmi: kraja, rop, vlom, goljufija, vandalizem, požar, puščanje vode in puščanje plina. Pred izdelavo študije primera smo morali raziskati sisteme tehničnega varovanja, kot so: - mehansko varovanje, - odkrivanje, javljanje in avtomatsko gašenje požarov, - detekcijsko merjenje gorljivih plinov, - odkrivanje in javljanje v varnostno-nadzorni center ob vlomu ali ropu, - videonadzor, - pristopna kontrola, - pripomočki za elektronski nadzor blaga pred krajo, - kontrola ponarejenih bankovcev. Prav tako smo raziskali fizično varovanje podjetij (varnostnik, intervencija in odvoz denarja). V šestem poglavju je opravljena študija primera varnostnega sistema v trgovskem objektu Elektronabava, d. o. o. Diplomsko delo se zaključi z verifikacijo tez in povzetka glavnih ugotovitev in predlogov za večjo varnost v podjetju. The introductory part of the thesis presents the methodological approach used in the research. It defines the topic and goals, hypotheses and methods applied. Moreover, it describes the basic notions, which include: theft, robbery, burglary, fraud, vandalism, fire, water and gas leak. Before turning to the case study, we explored the following technical security systems: - mechanical security, - detection, reporting and automatic fire extinguishing, - combustible gas detection, - detection and reporting to the security control centre in case of burglary or robbery, - video surveillance, - access control, - anti-theft electronic control of goods, - counterfeit money control. The thesis also touches on providing physical security to companies (security guard, intervention and money transport). The sixth chapter contains the case study examining the security system on the retail property of Elektronabava d. o. o. The thesis concludes with a verification of hypotheses and a summary of findings and suggestions for improving security in the company.

Varnost je dobrina, ki postaja vedno bolj cenjena. Velikokrat se ne zavedamo kaj vse bi se lahko zgodilo, če bi zatajile službe, ki opravljajo varnostne naloge na različnih področjih našega življenja. V diplomski nalogi smo podrobneje predstavili upravičenja varnostnikov in občinskih redarjev. Pogledali smo kako so se razvijali skozi zgodovino, katere ukrepe in pooblastila uporabljajo pri svojem delu, njihove naloge in kakšen je nadzor, da delo poteka v skladu z zakoni in da so njihove naloge opravljene profesionalno in strokovno. Prav tako smo obdelali tudi načela katera morajo upoštevati pri svojem delu, da nalogo opravijo strokovno in profesionalno. Predstavili smo tudi nadzor nad varnostniki in občinskimi redarji in kakšne so posledice ob neupoštevanju zakona pri izvajanju upravičenj in nalog, ki so jim zadane. Security is a commodity that is becoming increasingly appreciated. Many of us are not aware of what could happen, if security services stopped performing their role. In paper we presented the entitlement of security and community wardens. We looked at how they have evolved through history, which measures and powers are they using among their work, and what are their functions. We took closer look at inside work control which resoults that tasks are carried out professionally. On the other hand we have defined the principles that must be taken into account in their daily work. Furthermore, we presented methods of supervision over security guards and municipal wardens and possible consequences of disregarding the law in the exercise of entitlements and set tasks.

Varnostni menedžer je kompleksen poklic, ki razen osnovnega znanja, ki ga pridobi na specializiranih visokošolskih programih, potrebuje za svoje delo večletne izkušnje na podobnih ali nižje zahtevnih delovnih mestih. V nekaj preteklih letih se je pričelo selektivno usposabljanje za pridobitev naziva varnostni menedžer, saj je postala potreba po tovrstnih poklicih z razvojem varovanja v zasebnem in državnem sektorju precejšnja. Ministrstvo za delo, družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti je v svojem Katalogu strokovnih znanj za potrebe varnostnega menedžerja precej natančno opredelilo ves nabor znanj, izkušenj in spretnosti, ki bi jih naj varnostni menedžer obvladoval pred nastopom svojega dela v delovni organizaciji. Pri delu varnostnega menedžerja obstaja precej meril, ki jih mora oseba primerna za varnostnega menedžerja še posebej natančno upoštevati. Predvsem pa mora natančno poznati zakonodajo na področju varovanja ter poznati ukrepe in dolžnosti varnostnikov, ki delujejo v sistemu varovanja. Pri delu je predvsem pomembna zmožnost povezave teorije s prakso, kar privede k večji učinkovitosti in natančnosti izvajanja varovanja podjetij v vseh njenih aspektih. Varnostni menedžer mora razen povezovanja teorije s prakso obvladovati tudi poznavanje tehnologije, ki mu je na voljo pri opravljanju njegove dejavnosti. Ker mu organizacija dela in nadzor podrejenih ne sme biti tuj, pa ga v vsakdanji praksi in profesionalnosti veže tudi poklicna etika, ki je opredeljena v zakonskih in podzakonskih aktih. V podjetju je varnostni menedžer neprecenljiv pri pripravi celovite strategije varovanja, ki obsega: • zbiranje podatkov in informacij o varnostnih situacijah, • izdelovanje analiz o stanju varnosti v podjetju, • izdelovanje ocen ogroženosti, • izdelovanje stopenj tveganja v skladu s standardi, • izdelovanje programov varovanja, • izdelovanje fizičnih načrtov varovanja, • predlaga izboljšave na področju varovanja, itd. Security maneger is complex profession, that besides basic knowladge, that is acquired on specialized higher Educational programs, needs for his work a lot of experiance on field or in low complex jobs. Few years ago has started selective training for titile security manager, because the need for that kind of jobs become substantial, with development of security in private and national sector. Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities has in his Catalog of expert knowled for security maneger exact defined all set of knowladge, experiance and skills, that a security maneger schould have before he appeare his work at the working organisation. Fot the work of security manager there are a lot of standards, that suatable person for security manager must exactly consider. Especially he must know the laws on field of protection, know the measures and obligations of security guard, that works in protection system. At work it is important his ability to link theory with practice, that leads to bigger effectiveness and accuracy of protection company in all aspects. Secutity manager must besides linking of theory with practice, have also the knowladge of technologies, that is at his desposal at his working activity. Because organisation of his work and control of subordinates must not be foreign for him, he is in his everyday practice and profesionality bound by working ethics, that is defined in laws and executive act. In company security manager is priceless at preparing the strategy of protection, that covers: • collection of data and information about security situations, • making analysis about condition of security in company, • making assasment of treats, • making rate risk acording to standards, • making security programs and making physical plans of securuty, • make proposals about improvments on secutity area, etc.

Področje detektivske dejavnosti, ki je opredeljena kot dejavnost zbiranja, obdelave, posredovanja podatkov in informacij ter svetovanja na področju preprečevanja kaznivih ravnanj, je urejeno v Zakonu o detektivski dejavnosti. Zakon taksativno določa delovna področja, o katerih lahko detektiv za naročnika pridobiva podatke in informacije, med drugim lahko pridobiva tudi informacije o delu pod vplivom alkohola ali drog. Podjetja za raziskovanje tovrstnih disciplinskih kršitev svojih zaposlenih vse pogosteje pooblastijo detektive. Sodelovanje med detektivom in podjetji je v primerih ugotavljanja dela pod vplivom alkohola pogosto. Čeprav ni predpisa, ki bi postopek in način ugotavljanja alkoholiziranosti celovito določal, smo priča dolgoletni praksi ugotavljanja alkoholiziranosti. S sodno presojo so se izoblikovali kriteriji zakonitosti, ki določajo možne načine ugotavljanja alkoholiziranosti, kdo lahko alkoholiziranost ugotavlja, potrebno usposobljenost za ravnanje z napravo (alkoskopom), sprejemljive naprave ter njihovo tehnično brezhibnost. Izjemno redko pa detektivi pridobivajo informacije o delu pod vplivom drog. Sodne prakse, kjer bi bili zajeti primeri, ko bi delodajalec oz. v njegovem imenu detektiv ugotavljal delo pod vplivom prepovedanih drog, še ni. Problematika ugotavljanja in dokazovanja dela pod vplivom prepovedanih drog je prisotna, delodajalcem in detektivom pa pušča mnoga odprta vprašanja, saj ni pravnega predpisa, ki bi omenjeno področje celovito urejal. Zaradi pomanjkanja predpisov, ki bi določali kriterije potrebne strokovnosti in zakonitosti, diplomsko delo skuša operacionalizirati celoten postopek in način pridobivanja informacij o delu pod vplivom prepovedanih drog, ki bi bil v največji meri namenjen delodajalcem in detektivom kot zunanjim pooblaščenim izvajalcem. Področje ugotavljanja dela pod vplivom prepovedanih drog je zahtevnejše od ugotavljanja alkoholiziranosti, zato je treba pristopiti k vsaj delni normativni ureditvi tega področja. The Detective Activities Act regulates detective activities, which are defined as the collection, processing and transmission of data and information, and the provision of advice on crime prevention. The Act exhaustively defines the areas in which the private detective can gather data and information for the client, which also includes information about work under the influence of alcohol or drugs. It appears that companies increasingly authorise detectives to gather information about various disciplinary offences. Cooperation between the private detective and the client is very common during investigations of work under the influence of alcohol. Despite the absence of a thorough regulation of the procedure and manner of determining alcohol intoxication, there is a long-standing practice of determining such intoxication. However, a number of criteria of legality have been developed through judicial review – different ways to determine alcohol intoxication, who can determine it, the capacity to use the device (breathalyser), acceptable devices and their technical condition. It is important to note that detectives rarely acquire information about work under the influence of drugs. Case law involving cases of employers (and detectives) investigating work under the influence of illegal drugs does not exist. The issue of determining and proving work under the influence of illegal drugs is actually very difficult because both employers and detectives are left with many questions due to the lack of a legislative provision that would fully regulate the area. The lack of legislative provisions establishing the necessary criteria of professional competence and legality prompted us to operationalise the entire process of acquiring information about work under the influence of illegal drugs. It would be primarily intended for employers and detectives as authorised external service providers. A respected detective and an expert witness in the field of forensic toxicology and alcoholometry also provided their opinions and guidelines. We believe that investigation of work under the influence of illegal drugs is more demanding than investigation of alcohol-related offences. To this end, we advocate at least a partial regulatory framework of this area.

S sprejetjem novega Zakona o detektivski dejavnosti leta 2011 se je detektivom delovno področje precej razširilo. Na podlagi novega zakona lahko detektivi pridobivajo informacije o pogrešanih osebah, povzročiteljih premoženjske in nepremoženjske škode, anonimnih pisanjih, dolžnikih, izgubljenih predmetih, spoštovanju konkurenčne klavzule, uspešnosti poslovnih subjektov, kaznivih dejanjih, ki se preganjajo na zasebno tožbo in dokaznem gradivu za naročnike. Z novimi področji dela detektivov, pa se postavlja vprašanje, ali detektivi svoje delo opravljajo v okviru zakonodaje. S tem mislimo predvsem na upoštevanje posameznikove pravice do zasebnosti. V diplomski nalogi smo preučevali končane sodne spise, pri katerih so dokazno gradivo zbrali detektivi. Sodni spis je celota vseh pisanj in njegovih prilog, ki se v okviru istovrstnih zadev nanašajo na isti subjekt. Večina sodnih spisov, katere smo predelali, so se nanašali na področje kršitev bolniške odsotnosti. Zbiranje podatkov od oseb ali iz javno dostopnih virov, uporaba tehničnih sredstev in osebna zaznava so metode dela, katerih se detektivi pri svojem delu največkrat poslužujejo. Za zbiranje dokaznega gradiva detektivi največkrat uporabljajo tehnična sredstva za slikovno in video snemanje. Ali sodišča v sodnih postopkih upoštevajo dokaze, katere so zbrali detektivi tekom dela, pa je odvisno od tega, ali so dokazi zbrani v okviru zakonodaje in ali so dokazi dovolj kvalitetni, da je iz njih mogoče identificirati kršitelja in njegovo kršitev. Raziskava je pokazala, da so sodniki v vseh sodnih postopkih sprejeli dokazno gradivo detektivov kot zakonito. To pomeni, da so detektivi v Republiki Sloveniji dobro podkovani z teoretičnim in praktičnim znanjem. Tega pa ne moramo trditi za Slovenske delodajalce. Iz raziskave smo ugotovili, da veliko število delodajalcev v pogodbe o zaposlitvi ne navede, da se lahko delavca nadzira med bolniškim staležem in da lahko delodajalec v primeru kršenja pravil pogodbe delavcu izredno ali redno odpove pogodbo o zaposlitvi. Delodajalci tudi niso upoštevali zakonskega časovnega okvirja za podajo odpovedi o zaposlitvi in pravico delavca, da se pred odpovedjo pogodbe o zaposlitvi izreče o očitani kršitvi. Prav tako bi morali delodajalci upoštevati, da pred odpovedjo pogodbe o zaposlitvi pridobijo dovoljenje inšpektorata za delo, da lahko delavcu zakonito odpovejo pogodbo o zaposlitvi ter da ne morajo odpovedati pogodbe o zaposlitvi osebam, ki so zaščitene z zakonom. In 2011, a new law was passed regarding detective work. With the Private Detective Services Act, detectives gained new entitlements. The new law allows detectives to collect information about missing people, perpetrators of pecuniary or non-pecuniary damages, anonymous letters, debtors, missing or lost objects, the adherence to the prohibition of competition and non-competition clauses, the performance and business operations of companies, offences prosecuted by private actions, and evidence. The new entitlements raise an important question: "Do detectives obey the law?" The proposed question mainly deals with the right to privacy. The practical part of this diploma thesis includes the study of completed judicial records, in which the presented evidence was collected by detectives. A judicial record consists of all documents and attachments related to the same court case. Most of court cases we considered were related to violations of 'sick leave'. Detectives use various methods when collecting information: collecting data from persons or publicly accessible sources, using technical means and engaging in surveillance. When collecting evidence, detectives usually use technical devices for capturing photographs and video recordings. Whether the courts will consider evidence collected by detectives or not depends on whether the evidence was collected within the framework of legislation and whether the perpetrator and his offence can be identified on the basis of the collected evidence. The result of the research shows that judges in judicial proceedings consider evidence presented by detectives as legally obtained. This proves that detectives in Slovenia are well-trained and educated. However, we cannot claim the same for Slovenian employers. The results of the research show that many employment contracts do not include articles on supervising the employees on sick leave and on the consequences of violating the contract. Employers often do not follow the law when terminating the employment contract: in some cases presented in the thesis, the employers terminated the contracts without informing the employees beforehand in other cases, the employers even gave notice to people protected by the law.

Zasebno varovanje v Sloveniji se je v zadnjih letih zelo razvilo. Pogoje za opravljanje zasebnega varovanja opredeljuje Zakon o zasebnem varovanju iz leta 2011. Gospodarska družba oziroma samostojni podjetniki posamezniki morajo za opravljanje zasebnovarnostnih storitev pridobiti ustrezno licenco. Toda sama licenca še ne zagotavlja kakovostne storitve. Zato sta CoESS in UNI-Europa s finančno podporo Evropske unije leta 2011 pripravili navodila za uporabnike zasebnovarnostnih storitev z naslovom »Kakovostno nakupovanje storitev zasebnega varovanja«. Navodila predstavljajo pomembnost kakovosti kot kriterija za izbiro zasebnovarnostnega podjetja. V diplomski nalogi smo želeli raziskati kriterije, na podlagi katerih se uporabniki zasebnovarnostnih storitev v Sloveniji odločajo za izbiro zasebnovarnostnega podjetja, in ugotoviti, ali so s svojo izbiro zadovoljni. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je večini uporabnikov pri izbiri zasebnovarnostnega podjetja pomemben kriterij kakovosti. Drugi kriteriji so: cena, uveljavljenost in sloves zasebnovarnostnega podjetja, priporočila drugih uporabnikov in samopredstavitev zasebnovarnostnih podjetij. Private security in Slovenia has highly developed in recent years. The conditions for the provision of private security services are defined in Private Security Act from 2011. A company or sole proprietors must obtain the appropriate license in order to perform private security services. However, license itself does not guarantee quality services. Therefore, in 2011 the CoESS and UNI-Europa developed manual for users of private security services »Buying quality private security services« with the financial support of the European Union. The manual is presenting the importance of quality as a criterion for the selection of private security company. In this diploma thesis we wanted to investigate on the basis of which criteria users choose the private security company and whether they are satisfied with their choice. The survey reveals show that most of the users’ choose private security companies in relation to the quality criterion. Other criteria are price, well established and well known private security companies in their region, recommendation from other companies and good self-presentation of private security companies.

V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na tveganja in načine varovanja povezane z igrami na srečo. Najpogostejša tveganja, ki smo jih identificirali, so rop, goljufija, interna kraja in goljufija, informacijski vdori, prekomerno pitje in pretepanje. Glede na dobljena tveganja smo poiskali aktualne načine varovanja, ki se uporabljajo pri zagotavljanju varnosti iger na srečo. Pri varovanju iger na srečo smo ugotovili, da je treba upoštevati nadaljnjo delitev iger na srečo: na posebne in klasične. Razlike med njimi so prevelike, da bi lahko govorili o enotnih taktikah varovanja. Posebne igre na srečo se morajo izvajati v igralnicah in igralnih salonih. Klasične igre na srečo nimajo te omejitve in se lahko organizirajo na javnih prireditvah, če imamo dovoljenje in izpolnjujemo predpisane pogoje. Ugotovili smo, da so klasične igre, v primerjavi s posebnimi slabše varovane ali celo brez varovanja. Za posebne igre na srečo je predpisana zakonska obveza varovanja. Čeprav so razlike med klasičnim in posebnimi igrami na srečo velike se je izkazalo, da je najprimernejša oblika varovanja kombinacija fizičnega in tehničnega varovanja. Fizično varovanje se izvaja z varnostniki na terenu. Tehnično varovanje pa s pripomočki za doseganje višje stopnje varnosti. The degree paper focuses on different risks and security measures tied to gambling security. Based on various cases, we were able to identify risks, which security personnel has to deal with on a daily basis. The most often risks are robbery, fraud, internal theft and fraud, hacking, excessive alcohol consumption and fighting. We then found different ways of securing those risks.Gambling is divided in two different groups. Classical games and special games. The difference between them are vast, so we cannot discuss about the same security tactics. Special games are organised in casinos. Classical games don't have a particular place of playing as long as you have a gambling permit and follow the law. We concluded that the classic games have little or no security. On the other hand security is required by law in special games. Although the differences between classical and special games are considerable, we gathered that the most appropriate way of gambling security is a combination of physical and technical security.

Namen naloge je predstaviti področje zasebnega varovanja in ogroženost varnostnikov pri njihovem delu. Diplomsko delo obravnava zasebno varovanje, delo varnostnika, fizično in tehnično varovanje, poškodbe na delovnem mestu in prvo pomoč ter zakon o zasebnem varovanju. Podrobneje je predstavljeno varovanje na splošno in pomanjkljivosti ter izboljšave v varovanju. V zadnjem sklopu je kvantitativna raziskava z anketnim vprašalnikom, s katerim sem pridobil statistične podatke o stopnji ogroženosti varnostnikov. Vprašanja so se nanašala na ocenitev stopnje ogroženosti, statistiko fizičnih poškodb med opravljanjem svojega dela ali intervencije in vrste poškodb. Zanimali so me tudi njihovi predlogi za spremembe oz. izboljšave na obravnavanem področju. V diplomski nalogi so podani tudi predlogi za izboljšanje opravljanja dela varnostnikov in izboljšanje tehničnega varovanja. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present the field of private security and threats to security guards at their workplace. This thesis deals with private security, security guards´ work, physical and technical security, workplace injury and first aid. It also discusses the law on private security, in particular it presents in detailthe field of protection as well as weaknesses and improvements in security. In the last part of the thesis, there is a quantitative survey with a questionnaire, which helped me obtain the statistical data, the degree of threats to security guards and security in general. The questions aimed at assessing the degree of risk of threats, physical injury statistics during their work and interventions, and the types of injuries. I was also interested in interviewees´ suggestions for changesor improvements in this area. This thesis gives the suggestions for improving the performance of security guards´ work and improving technical security atthe UMC Ljubljana.

Zasebno varstvo je panoga, ki je v zadnjih desetletjih doživela velik razcvet. Opazna so predvsem zasebnovarnostna podjetja, ki jih je čedalje več. Varnostne storitve izvaja varnostno osebje, ki ga lahko opazimo v večini trgovin, na javnih prireditvah, pri prevažanju vrednostnega blaga in marsikje drugod. Varnostniki pri svojem delu posegajo tudi v temeljne človekove pravice in svoboščine. Da bi svoje delo opravljali učinkovito in profesionalno, predvsem pa zakonito imajo določena pooblastila oz. ukrepe. Natančna opredelitev pooblastil varnostnika je zato ključnega pomena. Z zakonsko opredeljenimi pooblastili, lahko varnostniki svoje delo opravljajo zakonito, lažji je nadzor nad njihovim delom, prav tako pa so ljudje bolj seznanjeni z njihovim poklicem. Obravnavane države v diplomskem delu se razlikujejo po geografski legi, velikosti ter po razvitosti gospodarstva, zato smo želeli zvedeti ali se razlikujejo tudi glede pooblastil varnostnikov in kako so ta opredeljena v zakonodaji. Zakonodaja na področju zasebnega varovanja se med državami razlikuje, to pa velja tudi za pooblastila varnostnikov. Pričakovati je bilo, da bodo imele razvitejše države, zakonsko urejena pooblastila varnostnikov, vendar mnoge izmed njih v svojih zakonskih predpisih pooblastil sploh ne omenjajo, tako da ima marsikatera manj razvita država to področje bolje in bolj natančno zakonsko urejeno. Private security industry has experienced a major expansion in the recent decades. It's growth is especially noticeable in the number of private security companies. We can notice security staff, who is implementing security services, in most of stores, public events, when transporting valuable goods and elsewhere. Security officers at their work interfere with the human rights and fundamental freedoms. In order to perform their work effectively, professionally and especially legally, they have certain powers or measures. The precise definition of security guards powers is therefore crucial. With legally defined powers, security guards can perform their job legally, it's easier to control their work and finally, people are more aware of their profession. The countries we have analysed in the thesis vary by geographical location, size and level of economic development, so we wanted to find out whether there are differences regarding the powers of security guards and how they are defined in the legislation. Private security legislation differs among countries and this also applies to the powers of security guards. It was expected that the more developed countries would have legally regulated powers, but most of them didn't mentioned powers of security guard in their legal regulations. Many of less developed countries have better and more precisely regulated powers of security guards.

Diplomsko delo obravnava problematiko povezano z ukrepi varnostnikov, ki so opredeljeni v Zakonu o zasebnem varovanju (2011) in Pravilniku o izvajanju Zakona o zasebnem varovanju (2011). Konkretneje, obravnava usposabljanje za uporabo ukrepov in oceno zakonitosti ter strokovnosti uporabljenega ukrepa. Varnostniki lahko, ob določenih pogojih, pri svojem delu uporabijo ukrepe, kot so fizična sila, sredstva za vklepanje in vezanje ter celo strelno orožje. Z navedenimi ukrepi varnostniki globoko posežejo v človekove pravice in svoboščine. Nezakonita in nestrokovna uporaba ukrepov lahko v najslabšem primeru privede do smrti osebe, zoper katero je bil ukrep uporabljen. Prvi problem, povezan z ukrepi varnostnika, smo identificirali v programu nacionalne poklicne kvalifikacije za poklic varnostnika. Obseg in trajanje usposabljanja za uporabo ukrepov predpisuje 8 ur teoretičnega in 20 ur praktičnega usposabljanja. Glede na dejstvo, da lahko tudi pri strokovni uporabi fizične sile pride do poškodb, je število ur, namenjenih usposabljanju za uporabo ukrepov, nezadostno. Zakon dopušča, da imetnik licence izvede strokovno izpopolnjevanje varnostnega osebja le enkrat letno. Trdimo, da to ni dovolj. Za učinkovito utrjevanje in nadgradnjo pridobljenega znanja je potrebno konstantno ponavljanje in izpopolnjevanje, kar bi moralo veljati tudi za usposabljanje in izpopolnjevanje varnostnega osebja na področju uporabe ukrepov. Analiza statističnih podatkov nadalje pokaže, da je evidentiranje ter ocenjevanje zakonitosti in strokovnosti uporabljenih ukrepov, ki ga izvajajo varnostni menedžerji, pristransko in neobjektivno. Delo in izpostavljenost pri uporabi ukrepov oziroma prisilnih sredstev zasebnega varnostnika in policista sta si zelo podobni. V obsegu in količini usposabljanja pa obstaja bistvena razlika, saj se policisti usposabljajo občutno več in kontinuirano. Zasebni varnostniki tako niso optimalno usposobljeni za uporabo ukrepov. The thesis deals with the problems associated with security measures, which are defined in the Private Security Act (2011) and the Regulation on the implementation of the Private Security Act (2011). The thesis touches variety of segments – from training to the use of measures and in consequence assessment of legality and professional use of private security measures (pursuing Slovenian legal system and widely used terminology police powers are names as “powers” as to private security guard’s powers which are named “measures”). Private security guards are – under certain conditions – authorised to use (apply) physical force, handcuffs, pepper spray and even deadly force (firearms). Those measures are of course in the conflict of the human rights and they may be enforced only under strict conditions. Enforcement of measures is submitted to evaluation process already set in the legislative. One of the key elements for professional and effective use of measures is proper training – as it is well known that effective consolidation and upgrading of the knowledge needs constant repetition and training, which should also apply for the qualification and training of security personnel. We are arguing the amount of theoretical and practical lessons necessary to become a private security guard as not sufficient to grant desirable level of effectiveness and professionalism (and to bear in mind that deadly force is one of measures which is also possible to be applied by private security guards). On the other hand one of the findings we also present is the problem of evaluation of measures performed by security managers. A concern of non-objectivism is raised when comparing findings from the Police and Chamber for the development of the private security. Reason more to stress out the importance of proper qualifications for private security guards as we believe that at the current system they are under-trained (especially if compared with the police officers as both professions in some way have similar occupational hazards and right to enforce powers-measures).

Varnost je temeljna vrednota vsakega posameznika in temeljna človekova pravica. Država zagotavlja varnost državljanom s svojim varnostnim sistemom, kjer imata osrednje mesto policija in kazensko pravosodje. Državna organa formalnega nadzora stremita k učinkovitemu zagotavljanju varnosti državljanov, kar se kaže v omejevanju kriminala, vzdrževanju reda v državi, pripravljenosti pomagati državljanom, občutku varnosti državljanov, njihovem prostovoljnem upoštevanju zakonov in pripravljenosti ubogati ter zaupati v policijo in kazensko pravosodje. Od zaposlenih v policiji in pravosodju se pričakuje, da delujejo v okviru zakona, enakopravno, pošteno, pravično, dostojanstveno ter spoštujejo temeljne človekove pravice in svoboščine posameznika. S takšnim delovanjem delujejo legitimno ter si pridobijo zaupanje in sodelovanje javnosti. Javnost je tista, ki nepristransko izraža mnenja o delovanju policije in kazenskega pravosodja. Poleg policije in kazenskega pravosodja imamo še drugo skupino družbenih nadzorovalcev – zasebne varnostnike, ki prav tako skrbijo za varnost državljanov. Zasebni varnostniki prihajajo v stik s policijo in kazenskim pravosodjem preko delovnih stikov v procesu obveščanja in sodelovanja, zato imajo drugačna stališča o legitimnosti policije in pravosodja. V diplomskem delu smo raziskovali percepcijo zasebnih varnostnikov glede legitimnosti policije in kazenskega pravosodja, ki jo zaznavajo na podlagi pravičnosti in nepristranskosti, avtoritete in učinkovitosti. Zaznavanje legitimnosti policije in pravosodja pri zasebnih varnostnikih se kaže v zaupanju in sodelovanju z organoma. Security is the basic value of every individual and a fundamental human right. The state provides security to the citizens trough its security system which is based on the police and the criminal justice system. The two state regulated bodies strive towards an effective assurance of security, which is demonstrated with crime prevention, maintaining order in the state, readiness to help the public and the public’s sense of security, its adherence to the law and its trust towards the police and the criminal justice system. Police and criminal justice system employees are expected to work in accordance with the law - equally, fair, with dignity and with respect towards basic human and civil rights. This is how they function legitimately and gain respect of the public, as well as its cooperation. The public is the one who impartially expresses the opinion about the police and the criminal justice system. In addition to the two state regulated bodies, we have a second public surveillance group - private security officers, who also provide citizens with security. Security officers come into contact with the police and the criminal justice system in a different way than the public, which results in them having different opinions about their legitimacy. The two groups come into contact trough the working process of informing and cooperation. In this thesis we researched how security officers perceive the police and the criminal justice system’s legitimacy on the basis of their fairness and impartiality, authority and effectiveness. This perception is indicated in the trust and the cooperation between both groups.

V današnjem času je eden večjih problemov nezaposlenost oziroma kako se zaposliti v panogi, za katero smo se šolali. To najlažje naredimo z raziskavo trga oziroma s poizvedbo samega procesa. Vedno moramo nekje začeti in brez konkretnih vez je to ponavadi na dnu. V zasebno varnostni industriji nas v to primora že sam zakon, saj so po zakonu potrebne delovne izkušnje na področju varovanja, če iščemo zaposlitev. Diplomska naloga opisuje delovna mesta, na katera se je možno zaposliti v zasebno varnostni družbi, od navadnega varnostnika pa do varnostnega menedžerja. Prav tako opisuje delovne kompetence in osebnostne lastnosti, ki so potrebne oziroma priporočljive za delo v zasebnem varovanju. Naštetih je tudi nekaj problemov oziroma nevarnosti, s katerimi se soočajo zaposleni na posameznih delovnih mestih v zasebno varnostnih družbah. Opisan je tudi postopek zaposlitve ter pogoji za zaposlitev, kot so pridobitev NPK, varnostno preverjanje, zdravniški pregled in pridobitev službene izkaznice. Opisana je tudi osnovna delovna pogodba, delovna oznaka oziroma obleka ter sistem pridobivanja zaposlenih s strani delodajalca. Diplomska naloga vsebuje tudi dva intervjuja z osebama, zaposlenima na višjem položaju v zasebno varnostni družbi, v katerih odgovarjata na vprašanja o postopku zaposlitve in o samem delu ter nevarnostnih pri delu v zasebni varnosti. Nowadays, one of the biggest problem is unemployment and how to get employed in the line of work you studied and went to school for. This is best done by researching the market and finding out about the employing process itself. You always have to start somewhere and without the right connections it is at the bottom. In private security industry we are forced to start at the bottom by the law, because you need work experiences by law if you are looking for employment. The subject of this diploma is possible work places in private security companies like security guard or security manager. It also describes which competences and character traits are required or desired to work in a private security company. It also lists some of the possible problems that employees can encounter during the work in a private security. The whole employment procedure and its requirements like acquirement of national occupational qualifications, personal security check and acquiring of work identity card are also described in this diploma. It also describes the basic work contract, required work clothes and the private security system for getting new employees. This diploma also contains two interviews with two people employed in a higher position in a private security company. They talk about the employment process and about working and dangers at work in a private security company.

Varnost človeka in premoženja postaja vse bolj cenjena, saj predstavlja vrednoto. Država v okviru nacionalnovarnostnega sistema pa je odgovorna za zagotavljanje varnosti. Pomembno vprašanje zasebnega varovanja predstavlja njegova legitimnost. Država organizira in predpisuje organiziranje subjektov zasebnega varstva ter uravnava in ureja področja zasebnega varstva. Razvoj zasebnega varovanja, kot gospodarske in varnostne dejavnosti v Sloveniji v zadnjih dveh desetletjih močno pridobiva na pomenu. Prenos nekaterih pooblastil in del s policije na zasebno varnostna podjetja in občinsko redarstvo dodatno poudarja pomen sodelovanja med navedenimi institucijami. Cilj diplomskega dela je predstavitev različnih institucija varovanja, njihovo delovanje in sodelovanje, kar bi pomembno vplivajo na uspešnost izvajanja storitev varovanja in dvignilo ugled zasebno varnostne dejavnosti. Raziskava bo usmerjana v analiziranje dejavnosti zasebnega varstva z vidika drugih organov ter primerjavo funkcij zasebno varnostnih podjetij ter policije, občinskega redarstva in detektivske dejavnosti. Sodelovanje med navedenimi institucijami ima pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju varnosti in izboljšanju družbeno socialnega položaja varnostnikov v Sloveniji. Rezultati so pokazali, da se največ sodelovanja pojavlja med policijo in zasebno varnostnimi podjetji. Ostale institucije med seboj manj sodelujejo in s strani občinskega redarstva po dodatnih oblikah sodelovanja tudi ni izraženih potreb. Ugotovitve raziskave predstavljajo osnovo razprave, pri čemer so glavne ugotovitve in predlogi sprememb usmerjeni v izboljšanje sodelovanja med institucijami, ki zagotavljajo varnost ljudi in premoženja ter slab družbeno socialni položaj varnostnikov, kot posledica nizke izobrazbene strukture, nizkih plač, slabe usposobljenosti varnostnikov v preteklosti. Izsledki raziskave lahko pripomorejo k razvoju in izboljšanju kakovosti ponujenih storitev zasebno varnostnih podjetij ter njihovemu sodelovanju z drugimi institucijami. The safety of people and property is becoming increasingly appreciated as it constitutes a value. The state in the context of the national security system is responsible for ensuring safety. An important issue in the field of private security is its legitimacy. The state organizes and prescribes the organization of the subjects of private security and regulates and organizes the field of private security. The development of private security as an economic and security activity in Slovenia in the last two decades has been rapidly acquiring significance. The transfer of certain authorizations and activities from the police to private security companies and traffic wardens additionally stresses the importance of cooperation between the specified institutions. The aim of my thesis is to present the various security institutions, their activities and cooperation, which would have a significant impact on the success of the implementation of the security services and raise the reputation of private security activities. The research will focus on the analysis of activities of private security from the perspective of other bodies and on the comparison of the functions of private security companies and the police, traffic wardens and detective agencies. Cooperation between the institutions plays an important role in ensuring safety and improving the social standing of security guards in Slovenia. The results indicate that the largest amount of cooperation occurs between the police and private security companies. The other institutions cooperate less frequently with each other, and the traffic wardens have not expressed the need for additional forms of cooperation. The research findings represent the basis of discussion, with the main findings and propositions aimed at improving cooperation between the institutions which ensure the safety of people and property, and a low social standing of security guards as a result of low educational attainment, low wages and low qualifications of security guards in the past. The results of the research can contribute to the development and improvement of the quality of services offered by private security companies and their cooperation with other institutions.

Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti področje zasebnega varovanja in sicer kompetence varnostnika telesnega stražarja, njegov način dela, načela in naloge. Diplomsko delo obravnava zasebno varovanje ter oblike varovanja in licence za opravljanje zasebnega varovanja. Prav tako naloga obravnava varovanje oseb, varnostnika telesnega stražarja, njegove naloge, opremo in lastnosti. Organizacija osebnega varovanja varovane osebe izvajajo varnostniki telesni stražarji, ki so zaposleni v družbi za zasebno varovanje. Koliko je potrebno varnostnikov telesnih stražarjev je odvisno od ocene stopnje ogroženosti na osnovi katere smo izdelali varnostni načrt. V zadnjem sklopu diplomske dela smo predstavili intervju s katerim smo pri vprašanih osebah (nevtralna oseba, varnostnik telesni stražar, varovana oseba poslovnež) preverili splošno poznavanje varnostnika telesnega stražarja, njegove kompetence, vzrok najema varnostnika telesnega stražarja in zakaj se varnostnik telesni stražar obnaša tako kot se v času varovanja varovane osebe. Postavljena vprašanja so se nanašala na kompetence, naloge, usluge, ogroženost, uporabo različnih sredstev, pooblastila, načinu nošenja orožja, varnost na slovenskih ulicah, poznavanje parmedicine in težavnost varovanja. The purpose of the thesis is to present the scope of private security, namely competences of bodyguard, his way of working principles and functions. The thesis deals with private security and form of protection and license to provide private security. It also deals with the task of protecting people, bodyguard its tasks, equipment and properties. Organization of personal protection protected persons carried out by bodyguards who are employed in the private security companies. How much security is needed bodyguards depends on the level of threat assessments based on which we developed a security plan. In the last part of the thesis we present the interview in which we interviewed persons (neutral person, a bodyguard, protected person namely businessman) to check the general knowledge of a security bodyguard, his competence, the cause of hiring a bodyguard and why the bodyguard behaves like at the time the protection of the protected person. Issues raised were related to competencies, tasks, services, endangerment, using a variety of resources, powers, mode of carry weapons, safety Slovenian streets, knowledge of paramedical and the difficulty of protecting.

V tujini se grafologija oziroma grafološka analiza pisave pojavlja kot pomoč skoraj na vseh področjih človekovega delovanja pri zaposlovanju, pri osebnostnem profiliranju, pri odločanju glede izbire poklica, pri ugotavljanju piscev strupenega peresa in tako naprej. Lahko bi dejali, da se je medtem v Sloveniji začela grafologija intenzivneje pojavljati v zadnjih letih. Podali smo nekaj predlogov, kako bi lahko bila grafološka analiza v pomoč detektivom. Eden izmed predlogov je bil, da bi lahko grafologi sodelovali z detektivi na področju preiskovanja anonimnih pisanj. Grafologi že sodelujejo z detektivi, vendar je teh primerov izredno malo. Z detektivi sodelujejo kot preiskovalci pisave, ki ugotavljajo istovetnost podpisa ali pisave, ne sodelujejo pa z namenom ugotavljati človekovih osebnostnih lastnosti. Zato smo predlagali, da bi iz anonimnega pisma grafolog opravil grafološko analizo v kateri bi bile zabeležene osebnostne lastnosti in bi se na podlagi te analize detektiv in prejemnik anonimke posvetovala, kateri osebi pripada omenjen opis. Znano je, da so pisci anonimk osebe, ki poznajo prejemnika anonimke. Izpostavili smo še eden predlog in sicer, da bi se lahko slovenska podjetja obrnila na detektiva, ki bi preveril predlagane kandidate za zaposlitev. Detektiv bi lahko pridobil informacije, ki bi se nanašale na življenjski slog oziroma stil kandidata, glede prejšnjih zaposlitev, o zlorabah pravice do zadržanosti z dela zaradi bolezni ali poškodbe in podobno. Ker Zakon o detektivski dejavnosti ne omogoča, da bi lahko detektivi preverjali kandidate za zaposlitev, smo razmišljali o dopolnitvi oziroma spremembi tega zakona. Mnenja in predloge, kako bi lahko detektivu bila v pomoč grafološka analiza so izrazili grafologinja, forenzična preiskovalka rokopisov ter detektivka. Abroad, graphology and graphology analysis appears as assistance in almost all areas of human activity in employment, in personality profiling, in the choice of profession, in identifying poison-pen writers and so on. On the contrary, in Slovenia it has begun to emerge intensively only in recent years. In this paper we give some suggestions on how a graphology analysis could be helpful to detectives. One of the proposals is establishing cooperation between graphologists and detectives in investigating anonymous documents. Graphologists already cooperate with detectives, but these cases are very few. They assume a role of manuscript investigators engaged in identification of signature or font, rather with a view to identifying human personality traits. Therefore, we propose that a graphologist performs a graphology analysis from an anonymous letter with focus primarily on recorded personal characteristics on the basis of this analysis, a consultation on the author of the anonymous letter between a detective and a recipient thereof would be easier. It is known that writers of anonymous letters are in general acquaintances or the close ones of the recipient thereof. We highlight another proposal, namely, detectives could provide assistance to Slovenian companies to verify the candidates applying for a job opening. This information could be related to lifestyle and the style of a candidate, previous employment, abuses of the right to be absent from work due to illness or injury, and the like. Since the Private Detective Act contains no provision stipulating detectives are authorised to examine candidates for the job, we propose supplementing or amending this Act in this way. Opinions and suggestions on the beneficial role of graphology analysis in detective activities are expressed by a graphology expert, a forensic manuscripts investigator and a detective.

Detektiv pridobiva informacije na različne načine. Pri tem mora paziti, da mu vir posreduje podatke prostovoljno, on pa ne sme uporabljati nezakonitega načina. Detektiv lahko pridobiva informacije o pogrešanih ljudeh in o povzročiteljih premoženjskih in nepremoženjskih škod o anonimnih pisanjih o dolžnikih in njihovem premoženju o predmetih, ki so pogrešani ali izgubljeni o dokaznem gradivu o spoštovanju konkurenčne prepovedi in klavzule o uspešnosti in poslovnosti poslovnih subjektov o kaznivih dejanjih, ki se preganjajo z zasebno tožbo o zlorabah pravice do zadržanosti z dela zaradi bolezni ali poškodbe. Vse te informacije lahko pridobiva neposredno od ljudi, na katere se te nanašajo od tistih, ki posredujejo informacije o tretji osebi iz javnih informacijskih sredstev iz evidenc z vpogledom v sodne in upravne spise ter z osebno zaznavo in uporabo tehničnih sredstev. Zakon o detektivski dejavnosti so večkrat spremenili, spremembe so opredeljene v registru predpisov Republike Slovenije, in poleg opredelitve, o čem in na kakšen način lahko detektivi pridobivajo informacije, opredeljuje tudi njihove dolžnosti in varovanje tajnosti detektivov. V raziskovalnem delu smo posredovali ankete naključnim anketiranim ter detektivom, na koncu pa smo nekatere odgovore obeh anket primerjali med seboj. Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da večina ljudi ne pozna pravic detektivov, čeprav so pri nekaterih vprašanjih bile aritmetične sredine naključnih anketiranih in detektivov dokaj podobne. Detective collects information in different ways. He must ensure that a person gives the information voluntarily, he may not use illegal ways. Detective can obtain information on missing persons and perpetrators of material and non-material damage the anonymous pleadings the debtors and their assets the objects that are missing or lost the proof material respect of non-competition clause and clauses, on the performance of business entities and business subjects on crimes that are prosecuted by private prosecution abuses of the right to be absent from work due to illness or injury. All this information can be obtained directly from the persons to whom they relate, from the people who provide information about a third party public information assets from records by examining judicial and administrative files, and personal perception and use of technical means. Private Detective Act has received a number of changes, which are defined in the registry regulations of the Republic of Slovenia, and in addition to the definitions of what and how detectives can obtain information, specify their duties and protect the confidentiality of detectives. The research work was submitted random survey respondents and detectives, in the end, we have some answers from both surveys compared with each other. Research has shown that most people are unaware of the rights of detectives, although some issues were the arithmetic mean of random and detectives interviewed quite similar.

Tema diplomske naloge obsega podroben prikaz izvajanja pridobitve srednje strokovne izobrazbe V. stopnje za tehnik/tehnica varovanja. Predstavljeno je izvajanje novega programa prve generacije v Republiki Sloveniji za tehnika varovanja. Uvod v obravnavano tematiko predstavlja ustanovitev in organiziranost Čas – Zasebne šole za varnostno izobraževanje d.o.o. vse od njene ustanovitve do danes, njeno organiziranost, izobraževalni program do možne zaposlitve po končanem izobraževanju. Na šoli nudijo varnostna svetovanja, katera nudijo nadstandardno zasebno varovanje. Intervju je opravljen z ravnateljem šole mag. Dušanom Kaplanom in profesorico nemškega jezika kot nosilko splošnega predmeta prof. Bojano Bošnjak ter predavateljem strokovnega predmeta intervencija Mihaelom Burilovom. V nadaljevanju nam primerjava rezultatov raziskave med kandidati prve in druge generacije opravljene ankete na šoli posreduje informacije o izobraževanju ter zadovoljstvu izobraževanja odraslih. Rezultati raziskave nas popeljejo skozi izobraževanje ter nam podrobno prikazujejo izkušnje in mnenje slušateljev med izobraževanjem o vodstvu šole, pouku, predavateljih, programu, literaturi, komunikaciji, organizaciji, maturi itd. Nov program v Republiki Sloveniji predstavlja velik napredek na področju izobraževanja in varnosti v sodobni družbi. Zato so pogoste tematike, ki se med seboj prepletajo, kot so varstvoslovje, varnost in zasebna varnost, ter iz pedagoškega vidika izobraževanje, usposabljanje, izpopolnjevanje izvajanje programa varnostnih tehnikov v Republiki Sloveniji. The thesis presents the process of completing the 5th level qualification and obtaining the diploma of a Safety technician, a new program at its very beginnings in Slovenia. The introductory part of the thesis presents Čas – a private school for the Safety education d.o.o. the founding of the school, its organization, education programs and possible job opportunities after completing the course. The school offers safety counseling for high standard private security services. The thesis features interviews with Dušan Kaplan, the headmaster BojanaBošnjak, a teacher of German, one of the foundation subjects at the school, and MihaelBurilov, teacher of Intervention, a technical subject. To follow is a comparison of results from a survey conducted among students of the first and second generation. The aim of the survey was getting feedback about the quality of education and the satisfaction of students (adults) regarding school’s administration, classes, lecturers, program, literature, teacher-student communication, school organization, matura exam, etc. The program presented in the thesis is a novelty in Slovenia and represents an important progress in the Slovenian education system and the safety of the modern society. Therefore, technical and pedagogical subjects are interrelated

Varnost je ena izmed ključnih dobrin, ki jih potrebuje človek za normalno življenje. Že psiholog Maslow je poudarjal pomen potrebe po varnosti in jo je uvrstil na samo začelje najnujnejših potreb, ki jih človek mora zadovoljiti za normalno življenje. V preteklosti se je zagotavljanje te dobrine naložilo policiji. Danes si demokratično urejenega sveta brez policije ne bi mogli predstavljati. Delovanje policije je nekakšna varovalka, ki ljudem omogoča normalno življenje. Ugotavlja se, da policija varnosti ne more več zagotavljati sama. Država je del nalog zagotavljanja varnosti že prepustila zasebnemu varstvu, nove naloge zagotavljanja varstva pa so v lokalnih skupnostih prevzela občinska redarstva. Tako morajo policija, občinska redarstva in zasebno varnostna podjetja poskrbeti za čim boljše sodelovanje med seboj, prav tako pa se vzpostavi nekakšna soodvisnost med temi organizacijami. Namen tega diplomskega dela je predstaviti soodvisnost in sodelovanje policije, občinskih redarstev in zasebnega varstva pri zagotavljanju varnosti v urbanih središčih. V diplomski nalogi sem naprej skušal opredeliti pojme kot so policija, občinska redarstva, zasebna varnost, urbana središča, soodvisnost in sodelovanje. Nato sem opredelil zakonski okvir, s katerim je opredeljeno sodelovanje in soodvisnost policije, občinskih redarstev in zasebno varnostnih podjetij. Poskušal sem predstaviti sodelovanje in soodvisnost med temi organizacijami v praksi in probleme, ki nastajajo s sodelovanjem. V diplomskem delu sem predstavil odgovore na vprašanja, zastavljene zaposlenemu na Medobčinskem redarstvu v Velenju. Safety is one of the basic elements that human need for a normal life. Famous psihologist Maslow has been saying throue his studies, how inportant is safety for a man, and he put the need for safety to the most basic needs for a normal life. People in the past gave to the police the right to secure their lives. Today we can not imagine a democratic life without police. Police work allows people to live normal life. But police can not take care for people safety by itself any more. Part of the tasks to secure human lives has the country already gave to private sector, and part of the tasks has been given to the lokal society. So the police, private security sector and the municipal wardens must take care for human safety. Olso there must be some kind of interdependency between these organisations, and only with this kind of iterdependency they can do their job in the best way. The purpose of this diploma is to introduce iterdependency and cooperation of police, municipal wardency and private security sector in providing safety in urban centres. In the diploma I first tried to describe concepts: police, municipal wardency, private security, urban centres, interdependency and cooperation. Next I tried to write down legal framework, which is important for cooperation and iterdependency between police, municipal wardency and privat security sector. After that I tried to describe the cooperation ad interdependency between theese organizations in practise and the problems that these organizations are dealing with through their cooperation. I also wrote down the answers to my questions, which I gave to one of the employee on municipal wardency in Velenje.

Dejavnost zasebnega varovanja se v Republiki Sloveniji intenzivno razvija zadnji dve desetletji. Pred enim letom je bil sprejet nov Zakon o zasebnem varovanju (ZzasV-1), ki po novem opredeljuje tudi javni interes ali boljše določa, da se področje zasebnega varovanja, kot dejavnosti ureja v javnem interesu zaradi zaščite javnega reda, varnosti ter varnosti naročnikov, tretjih oseb in varnostnega osebja. Besedna zveza »javni interes« je pogosto uporabljena, v redkih primerih pa jasno definirana ali opisana. Z namenom širšega pogleda na pomen »javnega interesa« so bili pridobljeni različni pravni akti ter strokovni članki, ki so bili analizirani in med seboj primerjani. Dejansko je javni interes v redkih primerih jasno opredeljen. Zasebna varnost je opredeljena kot partner pri zagotavljanju manjšega dela notranje varnosti v Republiki Sloveniji, vzporedno z državnimi subjekti. Poglavje naloge o zasebni varnosti je namenjeno prikazu enega dela varnostnih mehanizmov v Republiki Sloveniji, pri tem pa opravljena pa je tudi primerjava med temi varnostnimi mehanizmi. Posebej je opredeljena dejavnost zasebnega varovanja, področja delovanja ter odnosov med zasebnimi in državnimi mehanizmi zagotavljanja varnosti. Zaključki na temo javnega interesa v zasebnem varovanju so predstavljeni preko zastavljenih tez. Ne glede na to, da je področje urejeno skladno z javnim interesom, pa se na nekaterih manjših segmentih lahko pojavijo dileme in vprašanja, ki bi bila lahko tema kakšne naloge raziskovalne narave. The area of private security has been intensively developing in the Republic of Slovenia for the last two decades. A year ago, the new Law on private security service was passed (Zzas V-1) which defines public interest and is more specific about determining that the field of private security as an activity is being managed in public interest due to the protection of the public policy, security and security of contracting authorities, third parties and security officials. The term “public interest” is often used but rarely clearly defined and described. With the purpose of wider perception of this term, various legal acts and specialist articles were collected, analyzed and compared. It is a fact that there are rare cases where the term is clearly defined. Private security is defined as a partner in assuring a small part of the internal security in the Republic of Slovenia, parallel with national entities. The chapter on private security is intended to review one part of the security mechanisms in the Republic of Slovenia. Further the comparison between these security mechanisms is made. Separately the activity of private security is defined as well as the field of activity and the relationships between private and state mechanisms that are assuring the security. Conclusions on public interest in private security are based on the set thesis. Despite the fact that the area is organized in accordance with public interest, there are some parts where issues and questions might arise that could be discussed in a research study.

V diplomski nalogi sta zajeti dve izmed hujših kaznivih dejanj zoper premoženje in sicer vlom oz. velika tatvina in rop, ter varovanje ki ga na tem področju nudijo zasebne varnostne službe. Gre namreč za kazniva dejanja, pri katerih se storilci na njihovo izvršitev praviloma dobro pripravijo. Med pripravo na kaznivo dejanje spada tudi izbira potencialne žrtve ali objekta napada. Pri tem imajo storilci največkrat v mislih le dvoje: tveganje in višina materialne koristi. K tveganju prav gotovo spadata dve okoliščini in sicer verjetnost, da bodo prijeti na kraju dejanja, ali pa da bodo odkriti med kasnejšim preiskovanjem. Na obe v veliki meri vpliva tudi način varovanja objekta napada. Two of the worse criminal offences against property burglary or grand larceny and robbery are described in this diploma, as well as security provided by the security Service in this area. These criminal offences are the ones perpetrators prepare extremely good for their execution. The selection of potential victim or object of attack is amongst preparation to commit these criminal offences. The perpetrators mostly have two things on their mind: the riks and the amount of material benefits. Two circumstances follow the risk: probability of being cought at the scene of the crime or to be discovered during the investigation. The method of protecting the object of attack greatly influences both.

V diplomski nalogi smo primerjali pooblastila, ki jih imajo varnostniki v varnostnih službah s pooblastili policistov, zanimalo nas je katera so primerljiva pooblastila, ki jih lahko uporabijo tako policisti kot tudi varnostniki. Cilj naše diplomske naloge je bil predstaviti pooblastila varnostnih služb in policistov. Predstavitev temeljnih pojmov, ki se pojavljajo skozi celotno diplomsko nalogo, je bistvenega pomena za razumevanje obravnavane tematike, predstavljeni so s pomočjo deskriptivne metode. Tekom diplomske naloge smo predstavili katera so posamezna pooblastila varnostnih služb in policijska pooblastila, ki so primerljiva z njimi v Sloveniji, predstavili pa smo tudi stanje na tem področju v Avstriji in Združenih državah Amerike, omenjena tema je obravnavana predvsem s teoretičnega vidika. Opredelili smo tudi svoja stališča do obravnavane tematike in se oprli na zastavljene hipoteze, ki smo jih tekom diplomske naloge potrdili ali ovrgli. Glavna ugotovitev pričujočega diplomskega dela je, da se pooblastila policistov in varnostnih služb v določenih segmentih razlikujejo, ker se razlikujejo področja dela pa je dejstvo, da imajo policisti večja pooblastila kot varnostniki zaposleni v varnostnih službah, vseeno pa lahko med delom policistov in varnostnikov potegnemo vzporednice. Stanje na tem področju v Avstriji in Združenih državah Amerike se razlikuje od ureditve v Sloveniji. This thesis presents the comparison of the powers which have the security guards in the security services and the public police officers. We wanted to find the comparable powers that could be used by public law enforcement and private security agencies. The goal of our thesis was to present the powers of the security services and the public police officers. With the description method we describe the main terms, knowing that they are essential for understanding of presented topic. During the thesis we presented the regulation in Slovenia, especially individual powers of the security services and comparable individual police powers. We also compare Slovenian regulation to regulation in Austria and United States of America. On the basis of hypotheses we have defined our view about the theme and have confirmed or refute them throughout the thesis. The main finding of this thesis reveals that police officers have more powers than security guards employed in security services. Furthermore, powers that could be used by public law enforcement and private security agencies are different in certain segments. The reason for that are differences in work areas. On the other hand one can also find parallels in their work. Last but not least, we found out that regulation of stated powers in Austria and United States of America are different to regulation we have in Slovenia.