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This work was supported by the research group "Ciencia y Cultura del Patrimonio"(HUM-1057) and the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad in the framework of the I + D research project "Nuevas alternativas al conocimiento de los materiales y los procesos de conservacion y restauracion de obra grafica y patrimonio documental"(REF.MAT2014-58659-P). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA., This study offers a new tool to restorers to bleach paper documents: artificial light radiation (ALR). It is a controlled method that is an alternative to other highly aggressive procedures that have been applied to cellulose based media. Its main novelty is its intrinsic lighting characteristics which guarantee uniformity and avoid heating the paper. The results of testing this new tool were compared to those of bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Each of the two methods was applied to five different types of widely used paper: Arches and Somerset (brands serving for engraving and digital printing), Ingres (drawing), press-type (magazines and newspapers) and Bible-type (historical documents). Once characterised by physico-mechanical, chemical and optical parameters (grammage, thickness, specular gloss, optical properties, air permeance, tensile properties, determining the pH of both surface and aqueous extracts), the different papers were bleached by the two methods according to pre-established criteria. Finally, to determine the evolution and effects of the two treatments, the papers were subjected to accelerated ageing., Research group "Ciencia y Cultura del Patrimonio" HUM-1057, Spanish Government MAT2014-58659-P, Universidad de Granada/CBUA

PurposeThis position paper urges a drive towards clarity in the key definitions, terminologies and habits of speech associated with digital engineering and building information modelling (BIM). The ultimate goal of the paper is to facilitate the move towards arriving at an ideal definition for both concepts.Design/methodology/approachThis paper takes the “explanation building” review approach in providing prescriptive guidelines to researchers and industry practitioners. The aim of the review is to draw upon existing studies to identify, describe and find application of principles in a real-world context.FindingsThe paper highlights the definitional challenges surrounding digital engineering and BIM in Australia, to evoke a debate on BIM and digital engineering boundaries, how and why these two concepts may be linked, and how they relate to emerging concepts.Originality/valueThis is the first scholarly attempt to clarify the definition of digital engineering and address the confusion between the concepts of BIM and digital engineering.

Color 3D printing is an important advancement in 3D printing for lifelike personalization, but color reproduction in paper-based color 3D printers suffers from accuracy issues. In this study, 5 color 3D test charts containing 6 thickness-increasing colored stairs with 13 specific colored bars were developed based on a thickness tunable printed layers design. At the same time, color differences and surface images of tested charts with specific layers were both captured under standard conditions. Results demonstrated that the chromatic aberrations and Mean-SSIM values of color bars showed a slight downward trend as the stair thickness increases, while the linear correlations were not obvious. Combined with color SSIM maps analysis, color samples with small differences in color quality can be clearly detected to analyze the color reproduction performance of paper-based color 3D printers. This research provides new ideas for the development of powerful color 3D test chart to check the color reproduction performance of paper-based 3D printers and predict paper-based color 3D printing.

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) decode neural activity in real-time, allowing control of sensors and actuators. However, real-time neural decoding requires high computational resources. Recently developed paper-based electronics (e.g., transistors) are likely to reduce the cost of computing devices. In this theoretical study, we propose a roadmap to develop BMIs that take advantage of cellulose based supercomputers. Major milestones will include: 1) an initial prototype with a small number of elements capable of forming a simple brain-controlled On/Off switch, and 2) scaling up the capabilities of the new computing device, such that paper-based electronics lined in the walls of people’s homes will form a supercomputer. The initial prototype will be used to control the lights in a room, but more advanced devices are expected to decode more complex brain commands. As paper-based electronics are very low cost, it is proposed here that paper-based supercomputing capabilities may significantly improve BMIs.

The handling of cultural heritage objects has become a highly debated topic in the last decade. The work and outcomes described in this paper are aimed to provide objective data to assist in making appropriate decisions as to whether or not wearing gloves is appropriate in a given situation. The forensic fingermark development techniques of 1,2-indandione and single metal deposition II were used to investigate the efficacy of handwashing and glove use to improve the information available when deciding whether to use gloves when handling paper objects. It was found that fingermarks did not permeate through polymer glove types but could through cotton gloves. It was also shown that the amounts of observable fingermark residues were greater 5 min after handwashing than if handwashing had not occurred, undermining previous arguments for not wearing gloves if hands could be washed before object handling., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Fingermarks can be transferred onto paper even after washing hand. • Developed fingermark residues initially increase after handwashing. • Handwashing is not sufficient to prevent fingermark contamination of artifacts. • Fingermark residues can be transferred from surfaces to gloves to paper. • Some antibacterial gels can increase the amount of fingermark residue deposited.

In recent times, it has been witnessed that wireless systems based on IoT-based have developed rapidly in various sectors. The IoT (Internet of Things) is the network in which physical devices, equipment, sensors and other objects can communicate among themselves without human involvement. The WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is a central component of the IoT, which has proliferated into several different applications in real-time. The IoT and WSNs now have various critical and non-critical applications impacting nearly every area of our everyday life. WSN nodes are usually small and battery-driven machines. Thus, the energy effective data aggregation techniques that increase the lifespan of the network are highly significant. Various approaches and algorithms for energy-efficient data aggregation in IoT-WSN systems were presented. This paper reviews the literature with specific attention to aspects of wireless networking for the preservation of energy and aggregation of data.

This work reports on fully integrated “sample‐in‐signal‐out” microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (μPADs) relying on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) switches for analyte recognition and colorimetric signal generation. The devices use BRET‐based antibody sensing proteins integrated into vertically assembled layers of functionalized paper, and their design enables sample volume‐independent and fully reagent‐free operation, including on‐device blood plasma separation. User operation is limited to the application of a single drop (20–30 μL) of sample (serum, whole blood) and the acquisition of a photograph 20 min after sample introduction, with no requirement for precise pipetting, liquid handling, or analytical equipment except for a camera. Simultaneous detection of three different antibodies (anti‐HIV1, anti‐HA, and anti‐DEN1) in whole blood was achieved. Given its simplicity, this type of device is ideally suited for user‐friendly point‐of‐care testing in low‐resource environments.

A novel strategy for fabricating the paper-based valves on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) was described to control fluid in a user-friendly way. Initial prototypes of 3D μPADs manipulate the spatial distribution of fluid within the device. The movable paper channel in a different layer could be achieved using the channel's connection or disconnection to realize the valve function using plastic comb binding spines (PCBS). The entire valve manipulation process was similar to a desk calendar that can be flipped over and turned back. It is notable that this kind of PCBS valve can control a fluid in a simple and easy way without the timing setting or any trigger, and this advantage makes it user-friendly for untrained users to carry out the complex and high throughput operations. The reusable plastic comb binding spines greatly reduce the cost of fabricating paper-based valves. To evaluate the performance, the actual samples of Fe (II) and nitrite were successfully analyzed. We hope this method will introduce a new approach to fabrication of paper-based valves on μPADs in the future.

Tissue paper is defined by its physical and mechanical properties, namely: high softness, low grammage, high bulk and high liquid absorption capacity. It is expected that the production of tissue paper will continue to grow, which increases the importance of better understanding the processes involved in its production as well as its optimization [1] . The experimental data presented in this article, are the physical-mechanical characterization of a group of 13 industrial base tissue papers, which were collected at the end of the tissue paper machine on Portuguese factories. These samples vary in grammage, composition and creping [2] , enabling a later evaluation of the crepe type [3] and its relationship with the final properties of the tissue paper.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been investigated as a promising device to harvest mechanical energy into electricity. At present, paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators (P-TENGs) have been widely researched because paper features with lightweight, low cost, abundance, renewability and biodegradability. In this paper, the operating principles and operation modes of TENGs, the development progress and performance enhancement routes of P-TENGs are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, the overview, challenges and opportunities of P-TENGs applications are also presented.

The Internet was initially used to transfer data packets between users and data sources with a specific IP address. Due to advancements, the Internet is being used to share data among different small, resource constrained devices connected in billions to constitute the (IOT) Internet of things .In addition, the paper discusses about wireless LAN Wi-Fi technology i.e. wireless local area network protocol and on a larger scale, mobile communication technology, that is used to provide connectivity to the internet, the wide area network. The paper draws an attention towards the background of IOT and its distinction with other technologies, discussion on network optimization in IOT. This paper not only reviews, compares and consolidates the recent related works, but also admires the author’s findings, solutions and discusses its usefulness towards network optimization in IOT. The uniqueness of this paper lies in the review of network optimization issues and challenges in IOT. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the network optimization in IOT is presented.

One way of exposing predatory journals is to submit a spoof article to see if it gets accepted. We investigate one journal, looking at how it has performed since a spoof paper it accepted came to light. We find that it has published almost 20% more papers following the acceptance of the spoof paper. The journal has a new web site, which appears to show that it did not publish its first paper until 2018. However, there is an old web site that lists 321 papers dating back to 2012. The editors said that this is due to a new workflow system, which meant that previously published papers could not be listed on the new web site. Moreover, the number of papers could be not accommodated, as a high configuration server would be required to provide a responsive web site. We found some plagiarism, which looks quite serious. We conclude that the spoof paper had little effect on the journal, which continues to operate, seven years after the spoof paper was accepted.

This paper introduces the background, concept and definition of the Industry Commons. It initiates a discussion on the positioning of the Industry Commons Ecosystem (ICE) with respect to current research directions in advanced manufacturing and production systems that shape advances in engineering and technology, novel business models and innovation breakthroughs. The potential value of data sharing across industrial domains is estimated at over $100 billion, particularly in view of optimising manufacturing processes. Data sharing across domains however faces a series of well-documented challenges associated with the lack of semantic interoperability and related standards, management of trust and sustainability. Solving bottlenecks in data sharing requires a systemic approach to data management, which can account for all aspects of data use, levels of application, attribution and dynamic exchanges. In this paper we propose a high-level ecosystem approach that integrates societal values with digital affordances of industry's cognitive-assisted processes, remote interfacing, hybrid applications and large-scale value networks. Early development of an Ontology Commons EcoSystem (OCES) is presented as the key enabling framework for Industry Commons interoperability and a series of enabling frameworks form the basis of future research directions in Trusted Data Sharing and Closed-Loop Lifecycle Management for greater sustainability.

PurposeSynergy indicators and social network analysis (SNA), as practical tools, provide the possibility of explaining the pattern of scientific collaboration and visualization of network relations. Recognition of scientific capacities is the basis of synergy. The present study aims to measure and discover the synergistic networks of COVID-19’s top papers at the level of co-authorship, countries, journals, bibliographic couples and titles.Design/methodology/approachThe synergy indicator, co-authorship co-citation network analysis methods were applied. The research population comprises COVID-19’s top papers indexed in Essential Science Indicator and Web of Science Core Collection 2020 and 2021. Excel 2016, UCINET 6.528.0.0 2017, NetDraw, Ravar Matrix, VOSviewer version 1.6.14 and Python 3.9.5 were applied to analyze the data and visualize the networks.FindingsThe findings indicate that considering the three possible possibilities for authors, countries and journals, more redundancy and information are created and potential for further cooperation is observed. The synergy of scientific collaboration has revealed that “Wang, Y,” “USA” and “Science of the Total Environment” have the most effective capabilities and results. “Guan (2020b)” and “Zhou (2020)” are bibliographic couplings that have received the most citations. The keywords “CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)” were the most frequent in article titles.Originality/valueIn a circumstance that the world is suffering from a COVID-19 pandemic and all scientists are conducting various researches to discover vaccines, medicines and new treatment methods, scientometric studies, and analysis of social networks of COVID-19 publications to be able to specify the synergy rate and the scientific collaboration networks, are not only innovative and original but also of great importance and priority; SNA tools along with the synergy indicator is capable of visualizing the complicated and multifaceted pattern of scientific collaboration in COVID-19. As a result, analyses can help identify existing capacities and define a new space for using COVID-19 researchers’ capabilities.

Headline generation is a challenging subtask of abstractive text summarization, which its output should be a summary, shorter than one sentence. It would be precious to develop a dataset for the evaluation of abstractive summarization methods on this task in the Persian language. There are several datasets for headline generation in Persian, most of which are not large enough to be used by more sophisticated methods of text summarization, such as deep learning models. Moreover, all of these datasets are focused on daily news and there is no dataset for summarizing scientific Persian papers. In this article, we present “ElmNet,” a headline generation dataset of about 400,000 abstract/headline pairs of scientific papers, gathered from six major publishers for scientific articles in Persian. We, moreover, evaluate the performance of the most important deep learning-based headline generation methods, on the proposed dataset. The results prove the comparability of the performance of the state-of-the-art methods on this task, to their results on the existing English datasets.

The use of waste paper as a fibrous semi-finished product in the production of paper and paperboard products makes it possible to somewhat reduce the consumption of cellulose. However, waste paper contains a number of water-polluting components of mineral and organic nature, which were introduced into its composition at the stage of production. One of the issues that may arise in the design of technological systems for the production of a given type of paper or cardboard or in the reconstruction of existing production to reduce losses of fibrous semi-finished products and ensure their optimal use or reduce fresh water consumption is to calculate the pollution and also to determine the impact of cardboard and paper production tanks and treatment plants on the dynamics and level of watercourse pollution. To study and analyze the paper and cardboard production processes, which belong to the class of complex technological systems, a methodology was developed that, using computer technology, allows assessing the state of a technological system until its implementation in action. However, from a practical point of view, methods still should be developed that will allow the designer to find solutions to problems that may arise at the design stage of the technological system for production of a given type of paper or cardboard or in the reconstruction of existing production. These problems are related to the calculation of the pollution level and the determination of impact from cardboard and paper production tanks and treatment facilities. The purpose of this article is to conduct research and forecast calculations based on mathematical models to determine the patterns of influence exerted by tanks on the dynamics and level of watercourse pollution in the production of paper and cardboard. The generalized technological system of cardboard production, which is presented in the form of a material flow graph, is taken as an object for research. Water-soluble contaminants of mineral and organic nature enter the production system together with fibrous raw materials, partly with fresh water, and with chemical additives used to impart certain qualities to the product at the stage of its production and at the stage of mechano-chemical water purification. In order to study their impact, it is necessary to conduct at least two stages of calculations on a personal computer using pre-designed models for the dynamics and level of watercourse pollution. At the first stage, the dynamic characteristics of each element of the technological system were equated to elements that do not have a dynamic delay and for which the passage of all watercourses is subject to the speed at which the cardboard web is cast on the mesh. The number of cycles before equilibrium is 99. In the second stage of calculations, it was taken into account that the four tanks in the technological system of production are characterized by a moment of delay and, therefore, the values ​​of delay factors were chosen based on water reserves that accumulate in these basins. The number of cycles before equilibrium in the second stage increased to 264. The main conclusion from the analysis of two options: the technological system in both cases goes to equilibrium at equal values ​​for all components of water-soluble mineral and organic components. However, there are often situations when, in the process of developing (designing) a complex technological system for the production of paper or cardboard, developers are interested in the weighted average concentration of water-soluble mineral components that most affect the state of water flows, and then the technological system can be simplified and presented as a single container linked to the environment. Analysis of the calculation formula of the time for the technological system to reach equilibrium shows that the time value is largely determined by the ratio of the water capacity (W) of the process system to the amount of water (BS) removed from the system. The greater the water capacity of the technological system and the smaller the BS, the longer the time the technological system reaches equilibrium. The next step of the study is to verify the results obtained on the basis of adequate mathematical models in actual production conditions.

Cloud computing is an architecture for facilitating computing service through the internet on requirement and pay per use access to a group of shared resources namely networks, storage, servers, services and applications, without physically acquiring them Cloud DBMS is a distributed database that gives computing as a service. It is sharing of web infrastructure for resources, software and information over a network. The cloud is used as a storage location and database can be accessed and computed from anywhere. In this paper I have discussed about cloud and its use. How we can implement cloud for better performance and different benefits and drawbacks of cloud which we can improve in future Cloud computing has received increasing interest from enterprises since its inception. With its innovative information technology (IT) services delivery model, cloud computing could add technical and strategic business value to enterprises. However, cloud computing poses highly concerning internal (e.g., Top management and experience) and external issues (e.g., regulations and standards). This paper presents a systematic literature review to explore the current key issues related to cloud computing adoption. This is achieved by reviewing 15 articles published about cloud computing adoption. Using the grounded theory approach, articles are classified into eight main categories: in-ternal, external, evaluation, proof of concept, adoption decision, implementation and integration, IT governance, and confirmation. Then, the eight categories are divided into two abstract categories: cloud computing adoption factors and processes, where the former affects the latter. The results of this review indicate that enterprises face serious issues before they decide to adopt cloud computing. Based on the findings, the paper provides a future information systems (IS) research agenda to explore the previously under-investigated areas regarding cloud computing adoption factors and processes. This paper calls for further theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions to the research area of cloud computing adoption by enterprises.

Activating flux is made up of inorganic material mixed with a volatile medium. The objective of this study is to identify and review the literature in activating flux, and different type of welding techniques. For that purpose, a structured review method is adopted and the Scopus database is used as a primary source for the selection of papers. The papers were identified using the string term of “Activating flux” OR “Activated flux” in the title of papers. And a total of 238 papers were identified for the study. Besides the above few other papers were also reviewed and the materials used, the type of flux used, and the findings of different combinations were highlighted in the form of tables. The findings of the study provide a comprehensive understanding of the different type of welding techniques focusing on TIG welding, and the different combination of flux used and their impact was summarized.

Development of wearable devices for in situ monitoring biological analytes in sweat has been fueled up in the past few years. Although microfluidic thread/paper-based analytical device (μTPAD) fulfills the requirements of wearable systems on flexibility and biocompatibility, it has not been employed as a sensing system for the in situ sweat analysis. In this work, we developed a wearable μTPAD containing a cotton thread and a functionalized filter paper for non-invasive, quantitative and in situ monitoring of human sweat glucose with the assistance of a smartphone. The oxygen plasma was applied to tailor the wicking property of the cotton thread. Amounts of enzymes and reagents on the filter papers were optimized to achieve the high-performance colorimetric sensing of glucose. The as-prepared device possesses a dynamic range of 50–250 μΜ and a detection limit of ~ 35 μΜ. Because of its great wearability and compatibility with conventional textile industry, the μTPAD was integrated with an arm guard to sensitively detect glucose in human sweat. This work may provide a low-cost, easy to use wearable device based on the cotton thread and filter paper for human sweat analysis.

A 3D modeling system with all-inclusive functionality is too demanding for a casual 3D modeler to learn. There has been a shift towards more approachable systems, with easy-to-learn, intuitive interfaces. However, most modeling systems still employ mouse and keyboard interfaces, despite the ubiquity of tablet devices and the benefits of multi-touch interfaces. We introduce an alternative 3D modeling and fabrication paradigm using developable surfaces, inspired by traditional papercrafting, and we implement it as a complete system designed for a multi-touch tablet, allowing a user to fabricate 3D scenes. We demonstrate the modeling and fabrication process of assembling complex 3D scenes from a collection of simpler models, in turn shaped through operations applied to virtual paper. Our fabrication method facilitates the assembly of the scene with real paper by automatically converting scenes into a series of cutouts with appropriately added fiducial markers and supporting structures. Our system assists users in creating occluded supporting structures to help maintain the spatial and rigid properties of a scene without compromising its aesthetic qualities. We demonstrate several 3D scenes modeled and fabricated in our system, and evaluate the faithfulness of our fabrications relative to their virtual counterparts and 3D-printed fabrications.

Zone identification is a topic in the area of text mining which helps researchers be benefited by the content of scientific papers in a satisfactory manner. The major aim of zone identification is to classify the sentences of scientific texts into some predefined zone categories which can be useful for summarization as well as information extraction. In this paper, we propose a two-level approach to zone identification within which the first level is in charge of classifying the sentences in a given paper based on some semantic and lexical features. In this respect, several machine learning algorithms such as Simple Logistics, Logistic Model Trees and Sequential Minimal Optimization are applied. The second level is responsible for applying fusion to the classification results obtained for consecutive sentences of the first level in order to make the final decision. The proposed method is evaluated on ART and DRI corpora as two well-known data sets. Results obtained for the accuracy of zone identification for these corpora are respectively 65.75% and 84.15%, which seem to be quite promising compared to those obtained by previous approaches.

Paper-based microfluidics is a rapidly developing field with applications for point-of-care disease and environmental diagnostics. In parallel, printed electronics has grown swiftly, particularly for wearable technologies. By combining these fields, fluidic sample processing and control, as well as automated sensing and readout can be integrated on a single device. Towards this goal, this work highlights the design, manufacture, and testing of paper-based electrochemical sensors, with focus on photo paper and chromatography paper substrates. These substrates are typically used for printed electronics and paper-based fluidics, respectively. The electrochemical sensors were screen printed using manual techniques. For chromatography paper sensors, wax-printed fluidic barriers were used to illustrate the potential integration of the sensors with typical paper-based microfluidic device formats. As an initial example, the detection of heavy metals (Cd(II) and Pb(II)) in buffer solution was demonstrated. Commercial DropSens sensors were used as reference with the limit of detection (LOD) of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on chromatography sensors showing comparable results to commercial DropSens sensors. It is worth noting that the chromatography paper sensors showed a higher repeatability than the commercial DropSens sensors. Tap water samples spiked with Cd(II) and Pb(II) were also tested and showed promising results. Future work will include sensor optimization and exploration of scale-up to provide low-cost solutions for effective point-of-need diagnostics—ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare applications.

The symbol error rate (SER) performance analysis of a broadcast underlay cognitive radio (CR) network, under Nakagami-m fading channels is studied in this paper. Particularly, the underlay CR network is studied as a closed loop multiple antenna system, presented with dirty paper coding (DPC) approach with the aim to allowing the secondary user (SU) transmission to utilize the spectrum resources efficiently and avoid interference to the primary user (PU) receiver. The proposed approach is capable of achieving the same performance as that of the zero-forcing (ZF) algorithm over Nakagami-m fading channels at the SU receiver. We further show with the simulation results that the SER and bit error rate (BER) performances of the PU under Nakagami-m and Rician fading channels are significantly improved for the proposed study. Finally, we optimize the power allocation of the PU transmitter and approximately achieve 3 dB performance gain over Nakagami-m fading for the SU receiver.

Introduction- Containing expenditure and efficient resource use is essential to limit the increasing costs of health research. Electronic data collection (EDC) is thought to reduce the costs compared to paper-based data collection (PDC). Economic evidence in this area is scanty, especially in low and middle-income countries. Hence, an economic evaluation was conducted to compare the cost between EDC and PDCMethods- A cost-minimization study was conducted to compare between EDC and PDC from the institutional perspective for the year 2018, based on a community-based survey. Step-down cost accounting was adopted with a bottom-up approach for cost estimation. Total and unit costs were estimated with the base case comparison between EDC and PDC while using SPSS software (e-SPSS and p-SPSS, respectively). We conducted scenario analyses based on usage of different software, R and STATA for both EDC and PDC (e-R, p-R, e-STATA and p-STATA respectively). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was performed to examine the robustness of the observed results. Results- In the base-case analysis, total costs of EDC and PDC were ₹72,617 ($1060.9) and 87,717 ($1281.5) respectively- with estimated cost minimization of ₹ 15,100 ($220.6). In other scenarios, the estimated cost minimization for e-R, e-STATA, p-R, p-STATA were ₹ -274 ($4.0), 98 ($1.4), 14826 ($216.6), and 15,002 ($219.2) respectively when compared to EDC-SPSS. On one-way and PSA, the results of the cost-minimization analysis were robust.Conclusion- The EDC minimizes institutional cost for conducting health research. This finding will help researchers in planning for the budget for their research to use the resources efficiently

In many manufacturing industries, the production process involves the production of objects and the cutting of such objects into smaller pieces in order to meet a specific demand. In the optimization of these processes, one can identify the lot sizing and the cutting stock problems. In the literature, these problems are mostly separately dealt. However, treating these two problems in an integrated approach can decrease overall costs. In this research, we deal with the coupled lot sizing and cutting stock problem. It is proposed a mathematical formulation for the production and cutting of paper based on a real case, which considers setup costs and limited machine capacity in the production process of the objects. For the solution of the proposed model, we used a column generation approach and a relax-and-fix heuristic. Computational tests were carried out in order to analyze the methodology used in the resolution of the model. The results showed to be competitive in a reasonable computational time.

This short paper presents an architectural overview of an agent-based framework called iv4XR for automated testing that is currently under development by an H2020 project with the same name. The framework's intended main use case of is testing the family of Extended Reality (XR) based systems (e.g. 3D games, VR sytems, AR systems), though the approach can indeed be adapted to target other types of interactive systems. The framework is unique in that it is an agent-based system. Agents are inherently reactive, and therefore are arguably a natural match to deal with interactive systems. Moreover, it is also a natural vessel for mounting and combining different AI capabilities, e.g. reasoning, navigation, and learning.

This white paper argues that formal methods need to be better rooted in higher education curricula for computer science and software engineering programmes of study. To this end, it advocates

3 páginas., In its effort to transfer the research achievements to the ruralsector, the agricultural European Innovation Partnership(EiP-AGRI) from the Directorate General of Agriculture ofthe European Commission has promoted Focus Groups thatgathered experts on a specific area to discuss strategiesaddressing current or emerging threats for Europe’s agriculture.TheFocus Group Robust and Resilient Dairy ProductionSystemsfocused on identifying the main threats for dairy pro-duction as well as suggesting the most promising and realisticstrategies to tackle them. Authors acknowledge the initiative ofthe EiP-AGRI, which gave the opportunity for discussionsthat results in this opinion paper. We would also like to thankJosé Pires (INRA) and the EiP-AGRI staff (Remco Schreuder,Cesar Resch, Quico Onega and Sirpa Karjalainen) for their con-tributions during the discussion. The views expressed in thispublication reflect the opinion of the authors but do not necessarily reflect the views orpolicies of the EiP-AGRI neitherthe DG Agriculture of the European Union.

Paper writing with the existing writing format causing excessive paper usage. Excessive paper usage could lead to environmental destruction. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative in the writing procedure by doing an experimental design based on student reading comprehensive. This study uses Completely Randomized Factorial Experimental Design. After analysis of variance and the multiple comparisons test done, it results a new writing format alternative that use less paper than the existing writing procedure. In other hand, it results greater student reading comprehensive than the existing writing procedure. With the results, the application of the alternative procedure can save the paper usage and make student easier to understand the paper .

With the surging energy price and environmental concerns, measures to improve energy efficiency have attracted increasing concerns of the manufacture sector, especially energy-intensive manufacturing industries such as tissue paper mills. Energy-efficiency scheduling, as a novel energy-efficient method, has attracted the attention of an increasing number of researchers in recent years. Drying process is the most energy-intensive production process in tissue paper mills, which has a great energy-saving potential. This paper aims to reduce the energy costs for the tissue paper mill, consisting of processing energy cost and set-up energy cost, through integrating drying process optimization with energy-efficient scheduling. First, the energy cost model and the scheduling model were built. Then, the energy cost of the drying process of every job in a given scheduling problem was optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Afterwards, the energy cost was further optimized using energy-efficiency scheduling. In addition, a hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was utilized to solve the energy-efficiency scheduling problem. Finally, several real scheduling problems from a real tissue paper mill were addressed using the proposed approach to demonstrate its effectiveness in energy saving. The experiment result showed that there is a great energy-saving potential in the drying process, accounting for up to 12.53% of the total energy consumption. Moreover, the maximum energy saving ratio of the proposed approach could reach 9.03%. On the whole, the proposed approach can provide a new energy-saving method for tissue paper mills or other manufacturing industries.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly being found in civilian and military contexts, ranging from smart cities and smart grids to Internet-of-Medical-Things, Internet-of-Vehicles, Internet-of-Military-Things, Internet-of-Battlefield-Things, etc. In this paper, we survey articles presenting IoT security solutions published in English since January 2016. We make a number of observations, including the lack of publicly available IoT datasets that can be used by the research and practitioner communities. Given the potentially sensitive nature of IoT datasets, there is a need to develop a standard for sharing IoT datasets among the research and practitioner communities and other relevant stakeholders. Thus, we posit the potential for blockchain technology in facilitating secure sharing of IoT datasets (e.g., using blockchain to ensure the integrity of shared datasets) and securing IoT systems, before presenting two conceptual blockchain-based approaches. We then conclude this paper with nine potential research questions. Keywords: Blockchain, Blockchain security, Collaborative security, Internet-of-military things, IoT dataset, IoT self-healing, IoT security, Intrusion-prevention system, Predictive IoT security, Predictive security

The increasing presence of e-books (electronic books) has become a major focus in countries around the world. In the United States, e-books represented 28% of the total book sales for 2012. In Japan, the conversion from paper books to e-books is expected to accelerate by the prevalent use of smartphones and tablet PCs. It is therefore important to quantitatively evaluate the environmental load of paper books and e-books for a sustainable society. In this study, paper books are compared to e-books read on different electronic devices (e-ink tablets, tablets, cell phones, smartphones, laptop computers, desktop computers and portable music players) through a case study on a 224-page book. The study is based on key primary data such as use time and reading speed for each device and aims to minimize assumptions made in other studies. GHG emissions for paper books are 1.24 kg-CO2e/book, and are reduced to 1.11 kg-CO2e/book when the effect of paper recycling is taken into consideration. The results for e-books under average use-time conditions range from 0.25 to 0.91 kg-CO2e/book with the e-ink tablet having the lowest emissions. When the average use time of each e-book device is applied, the paper book has a higher impact than all the e-books. However, sensitivity analysis shows that the impact of paper books can be lower than that of e-books for larger screen devices such as tablets, laptops and desktops when the reuse of books is considered or the e-book reading device is hardly used during its life cycle.

Cryptography is the methodology in which the information is cast into a form that forestalls the abuse of it. In this advanced time of the wireless, it is imperative to guarantee the safe conveyance of the pertinent information which are otherwise exposed to disgusting goals. The procedure of transformation of plaintext to encode text is known as encryption and its converse is known as decryption. The three kinds of cryptography methods, viz., Asymmetric key, Symmetric-key, and Hash Functions. A huge segment of this contemporary method is the key; which is a specific component of extreme significance, as this is what is utilized while scrambling or descrambling the desired information. In this paper, we have compared the two techniques. Incipiently, Particle Swarm Optimization, a strategy of delivering keys to design a stream figure for text encryption. The tale methodology named Particle Swarm Optimization Key Generation Algorithm (PKGA) uses a character code table for encoding the keys. The essential ideal situation of this procedure is that it diminishes the quantity of keys to be fused and coursed. On the other hand is Ant Colony Optimization Techniques to produce keys for the encryption of the information. This entire philosophy depends on the conduct of the ants in their characteristic inquiry of food. The drawback of using Ant Colony Optimization is to downscale the number of keys to be utilized during encipherment when contrasted with different strategies of cryptography in presence. ACO would warrant the generation of such keys with utmost proficiency.

The future of sensing and diagnostic devices for developing countries should be, as described by the World Health Organization (WHO), ASSURED: Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment free, and Deliverable to end users [1]. Paper-based sensors using colorimetric approaches are significant because they feature all key factors for ideal diagnostic devices. Conventional sensors, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are bulky and complex, requiring different functional blocks including transducers, processing units, detection units, and so on, which can delay sensor response [2]. Current technology based on colorimetry is concerned with the miniaturization of size, decreasing cost, permitting in situ use, and achieving freedom from additional instruments. Moreover, colorimetric sensors can be used for the instantaneous detection of analytes (e.g., protein, DNA, small molecules, etc.), by showing a visually detectable color change [3]. The color change or intensity is proportional to the analyte concentration, which indicates that colorimetric assays have capacities beyond binary sensing.

Space Resource Utilization could reduce the mass, cost, and risks of future space activities. The many nonlinear and compounding effects mean that seemingly insignificant concept of operations choices can invalidate the conclusions of sophisticated analyses. Here we successively relax self-imposed constraints in a recent publication to demonstrate that the proximity of a market and the benefits of aerobraking cannot be omitted.

Nowadays, the net plays an important role in people’s life. In the process of the improvement of the public’s living standards, public’s demands of the life’s quality and efficiency is higher, the traditional bookstores inconvenience gradually emerged, and the online bookstore has gradually been used in public. The online bookstore is a revolt in book industry. The old-style bookstores operative time, addresses and places are so much restricted, so the types of novels and books to be find found a degree of constraint. But the online bookstore ruined the management mode of outdated bookstore, as long as you have a computer, you can buy the book from anywhere, saving time and efforts, shortening the time of book selection link efficiently. The online bookstore system based on the standard of provides suitability and facility to people out there. How to cite this article:Chaudhary N, PathakS, Shivani et al. IEEE Paper Based on E-Novels. J Adv Res Embed Sys 2020; 7(1): 8-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2395.3802.202002

Mobile learning has been increased in past years and has attracted the interests of academicians and educators in the past many years especially in higher education. The mobile-based online test is the buzzing in the current pandemic time. Institutions need to use online learning as a powerful tool for conducting exams and assess the students effectively. Integrating technology in education can be advantageous for universities and help engage better results for students. Therefore, it is important to understand each student their capacities and create a different test based on the required difficulty. Students should be graded based on their capabilities. The purpose of the research study is to develop the progressive model with the calibration of difficulty level according to the student capacity. To achieve the goal, a test of 20 python questions was conducted on 120 students with each question having difficulty given by 8 field experts. To verify the model, 5 categories were formed with different difficulty levels which in turn gave satisfactory results. To find a relation between the initial difficulty and the calculative difficulty based on the student response, a correlation test was conducted. After careful analysis of the question difficulty and student responses, it was observed that both are highly dependent on each other wherein the difficulty level of any question can be calculated using incorrect answers. The correlation coefficient obtained between them was 0.9833. Upon collecting the difficulty of the questions and student responses, respective grading could be done using the stated formula. Later on, the progressive model was simulated with five different cases (Best case, above-average case, below average case, the average case, worst case). The model outperformed in all the cases with appropriate difficulty levels. Online Tests have ushered a revolution in the assessment of students but yet they tend to be unpopular in India as the evaluation based on pen-paper approach is preferred. The main reasons for this are difficult to grade everyone at the same level, susceptible to cheating, and transition to open books. Using our study, universities can identify obstacles, and prepare an appropriate result-driven plan of action for implementing the mobile-based online test and make easy migration from paper-based test to online test.

In this work, we describe the application of the ‘steerable pyramid’ (Portilla and Simoncelli, 2000), a high-dimensional texture descriptor, to the discrimination and classification of a large collection of photographic paper textures. This work is part of a broader effort to bring precise physical measurements to the characterization of photographic papers, and our intended audience includes photograph conservators, curators, and collectors. For our purposes, it is important both to enable fine-grained local comparisons of very similar textures and to identify salient groupings across the entire landscape of photographic papers. The steerable pyramid was developed with the explicit goal of synthesizing textures; as such, it is an overcomplete representation. Its high native dimensionality is an advantage for highly precise local comparisons of texture, as in nearest neighbor search; it is, however, a disadvantage for grouping tasks, which require a well-structured global topology. For grouping tasks, we describe a number of compression and grouping approaches designed to meet a variety of analytical needs. Finally, we validate the steerable pyramid descriptor numerically using ‘one versus all’ classification on an augmented data set that includes multiple samples per paper type.

Thermal papers, commonly used for printed receipts or lottery tickets, are omnipresent in our everyday life. They are regarded as semi-porous substrates, and yet can be critical to analyze when looking for latent fingermarks due to their thermosensibility. The aim of this study was to investigate a development sequence that would better combine the adequate detection techniques in order to maximize the chances to develop latent fingermarks left on these substrates. Different methods of development have been compared on test substrates: black magnetic powder, Lumicyano™, thermal development, ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione/ZnCl2. Whitening stages and thermal development have been focused on, tested and optimized. The results of these preliminary tests enabled the study of three development sequences. They have subsequently been compared to the one currently used in the Gendarmerie's laboratories and the best results have been provided during pseudo-operational comparative trials by one of these sequences, consisting in 6 stages.

One of the benefits of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is improved traffic safety and efficiency, for example due to the capability to share vehicular messages in real-time. While most of the vehicular messages only need to be shared by nearby vehicles, some messages (e.g., announcement messages) may need to be more broadly distributed, for example to vehicles in a wider region. Finding a single trusted entity to store and distribute such messages can be challenging, and vehicles may not be inclined to participate (e.g., generation and distribution of announcement messages) unless they can benefit from such participation. In addition, achieving both security and privacy can be challenging. In this paper, we propose a blockchain based secure data sharing system to address the above challenges in an IoV setting. Specifically, in our system, announcement messages are stored using blockchain. To encourage/incentivize participation, vehicles that faithfully broadcast the announcement messages and/or contribute to the block generation will be rewarded by some cryptocurrency. Our system is also designed to be privacy-preserving and realizes both priori and posteriori countermeasures.

As the 2019 Online Harms White Paper (OHWP) notes, the Internet is an increasingly integral part of our lives, and can offer ‘significant benefits’.1 In order to ensure these benefits are not under...

Foodborne pathogens are responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths around the world each year. Rapid screening of agricultural products for these pathogens is essential to reduce and/or prevent outbreaks and pinpoint contamination sources. Unfortunately, current detection methods are laborious, expensive, time-consuming and require a central laboratory. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and field-deployable pathogen-detection assay is needed. We previously developed a colorimetric sandwich immunoassay utilizing immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) and chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside for Salmonella detection on a paper-based analytical device (μPAD); however, the assay required many sample preparation steps prior to the μPAD as well as laboratory equipment, which decreased user-friendliness for future end-users. As a step towards overcoming these limitations in resource-limited settings, we demonstrate a reusable 3D-printed rotational manifold that couples with disposable μPAD layers for semi-automated reagent delivery, washing, and detection in 65 minutes. After IMS to clean the sample, the manifold performs pipette-free reagent delivery and washing steps in a sequential order with controlled volumes, followed by enzymatic amplification and colorimetric detection using automated image processing to quantify color change. Salmonella was used as the target pathogen in this project and was detected with the manifold in growth media and milk with detection limits of 4.4 × 102 and 6.4 × 102 CFU mL−1 respectively. The manifold increases user friendliness and simplifies immunoassays resulting in a practical product for in-field use and commercialization.

Success management can bring valuable contributions to improve project results and stakeholders’ relationships. However, the success management process must be explicitly integrated into project management approaches, guides and methodologies (such as PMBOK, PRINCE2 or PM2), which is not currently happening. The purpose of this position paper is to discuss the need and importance for this integration and to present a first proposal on how this can be operationalized. To support the position, the methodology of the European Union PM2 was used. The result of the integration demonstrates that it is possible to advance management and raise the level of project success.

Many home IoT devices suffer from poor security design and confusing interfaces, lowering the bar for successful cyberattacks. A popular approach to identify compromised IoT devices is network-based detection, in which network traffic is analyzed to fingerprint and identify such devices. However, while several network-based techniques for identifying misbehaving devices have been proposed, the role of the user in remediating IoT security incidents has been conspicuously overlooked.

Digitization of everything is the main driver in today’s economy. The constantly growing proliferation of digital tools makes it increasingly important to properly analyze and document which information is needed in which processes throughout a company. Information management competencies are a key enabler on the path to data generated value creation.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a useful measure for strengthening authentication. Despite its security effectiveness, the adoption of MFA tools remains low. To create more human-centric authentication solutions, we designed and evaluated the efficacy of a risk-reduction-based incentivization model and implemented our proposed model in a large-scale organization with more than 92, 025 employees, and collected survey data from 287 participants and interviewed 41 participants. We observed negative perceptions and degraded understandings of MFA technology due to the absence of proper risk and benefit communication in the control group. Meanwhile, the experimental group employees showed positive perceptions of MFA use for their work and personal accounts. Our analysis and implementation strategy are critical for reducing users’ risks, creating positive security tool usage experiences, and motivating users to enhance their security practices.

Text summarization is one problem in natural language processing that generates a brief version of the original document. This research took attention for some researchers in this last decade and growing fast, including Indonesia language. This paper aims to recap summarization text research especially in Indonesia language. As usual, this paper discusses two summarization approaches, extractive and abstractive. In fact, the number of research of extractive is more than abstractive. This paper investigates some methods such as Statistical Based Approach, Graph Based Approach, Machine Learning Approach, Fuzzy Logic Approach, Algebraic Approach, and Hybrid Approach. This paper shows some methods details and summarize the results. Keywords— Text summarization, extractive summary, abstractive summary, natural language processing