Search

Highly efficient and reusable pre-formed mono- and dinuclear heteroleptic copper(I) dithiocarbamate and dithiocarbimate complex based catalysts, [Cu(PPh3)2(L)] and [Cu2(PPh3)4(L)] (L = N-(4-methylpyridyl)-N-(3-methylpyridyl)dithiocarbamate− L1 1, N-methylfuryl-N-methylthiophenedithiocarbamate- L2 2; 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl dithiocarbimate2- L3 3, 4-bromobenzenesulfonyldithiocarbimate2- L4 4) have been utilized in the cycloaddition reactions of azide and alkyne to form a variety of glycoconjugate triazoles in Click chemistry. These new pre-catalysts have been characterized by elemental (C, H, N) analysis, IR, UV–vis., 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy and their structures have been revealed by X-ray crystallography. In the structures of (1,2)/(3,4) the copper atoms are situated within a four coordinate (P2S2)/(P2NS) distorted tetrahedral geometry. Notably in the dinuclear complexes 3 and 4, the dithiocarbimate ligands are bonded in a S, S- chelating mode to one copper atom and simultaneously bridge the other copper centre via N, S- donor atoms. 1-4 are strongly luminescent in CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature.

A practical method for the selective and controlled oxidation of thioglycosides to corresponding glycosyl sulfoxides and sulfones is reported using urea–hydrogen peroxide (UHP). A wide range of glycosyl sulfoxides are selectively achieved using 1.5 equiv of UHP at 60 °C while corresponding sulfones are achieved using 2.5 equiv of UHP at 80 °C in acetic acid. Remarkably, oxidation susceptible olefin functional groups were found to be stable during the oxidation of sulfide.

Metal-free different catalytic systems have been investigated for [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of glycosyl azides with nitro-olefins for the synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted-1H-1,2,3-triazolyl glycoconjugates. A competitive study between p-TsOH and diverse ammonium salts including phase transfer catalysts and room temperature ionic liquids as environmentally benign medium have been described to search the best one for glycoconjugation. Tetra butyl ammonium bromide was found to be the most appropriate catalyst and a series of 1,5-disubstituted glyco-triazoles has been achieved in good yield. All the developed glycoconjugates were characterized using spectroscopic analysis (IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR).

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of deoxy-azido sugars 1 with O-benzylquercetin alkynes (5-7) to afford regioselective triazole-linked O-benzylquercetin glycoconjugates (8-10) was investigated in the presence of CuI/DIPEA in dichloromethane. All the developed glycoconjugates (8-10) were evaluated for anti-leishmanial activity against the promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. Graphical Abstract Click Inspired Synthesis of Antileishmanial Triazolyl O-Benzylquercetin Glycoconjugates.

A number of novel 7-O-noscapine glycoconjugates have been synthesized starting from noscapine, an alkaloid found in the opium plant, via two successive steps. The first step is a selective 7-O-demethylation of noscapine and the next is a subsequent propargylation which affords 7-O-propargyl noscapine (3) in good yield. The structure was confirmed by extensive spectroscopic data including single crystal X-ray data. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the developed noscapine derivative 3 with glycosyl azides 6a–m was investigated to give the triazole-linked second-generation noscapine analogs in their glycoconjugate forms (8a–m) to augment the therapeutic efficacy of noscapine.

A series of diverse glycosyl 1,2-azido alcohols, obtained from readily available carbohydrates, were converted to structurally varied rare and novel sugar derived morpholine fused [5,1-c]-triazoles via a one-pot strategy. After incorporating a propargyl functionality at the hydroxyl group of the sugar derived 1,2-azido alcohols, the resulting in situ generated azido–alkyne affords numerous C- and O-glycosyl bicyclic ring systems with medicinal value via a metal free cycloaddition reaction. The structures of all the developed molecules have been elucidated using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and MS spectroscopy.

A controlled and facile synthesis of various glycosyl 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones and 1,3- thiozolidine-2-thiones has been accomplished from corresponding sugar azido alcohols utilizing Staudinger reaction (PPh3 and CS2) via isothiocynate route. A series of reactions were performed to investigate the effects of CS2 and PPh3 on the selectivity of product formed. The excessive addition of CS2 with PPh3(1.2 equiv) afforded oxazolidine-2-thione alone, while the solitary addition of PPh3 for 30 min followed by addition of CS2 to the reaction mixture resulted both the products in different ratios, which were successfully isolated using column chromatography (SiO2). Furthermore, synthesis of 1,3-oxathiolan-2-imine from glycosyl epoxide has also been attempted. Structures of all the developed compounds have been elucidated using extensive spectroscopic techniques including IR, NMR and MS analysis.

Thiobenzoate complexes of Cu(I), [Cu(SCOPh)]n(1), [Cu(bpy)(µ-SCOPh)]2 (2), [Cu(dppf)(SCOPh)] (3), [where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl; dppf = [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. NBO calculations were performed to understand the nature of the Cu–Cu (2.706 A) interaction in 2. All of the complexes were found to catalyze azide–alkyne cycloaddition for the regioselective synthesis of glycoconjugate triazoles under click reaction.

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of deoxy-azido sugars 1 with alkyne derivatives of p-vanillin, 3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzaldehyde (2) and 2-methoxy-1-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-4-((prop-2-ynyloxy)methyl)benzene) (4) to afford regioselective triazole-linked vanillinglycoconjugates 5 and 6 was investigated in the presence of CuI/DIPEA in dichloromethane. All the developed glycoconjugates were characterized on the basis of IR, NMR, and MS. Graphical abstract Triazolyl vanillin glycoconjugates via click chemistry.

Synthesis of sugar based triazolyl azido-alcohols was accomplished via one pot click reaction of glycosyl alkynes with epichlorohydrin in aqueous medium. All the developed triazolyl azido-alcohols were further utilized for the synthesis of bis-triazolyl ethisterone glycoconjugates using CuAAC reaction. The developed triazole-linked ethisterone glycoconjugates would be crucial in androgen receptor pharmacology and chemical biology.

The synthesis of triazolyl azido alcohols from terminal alkyne via oxirane ring-opening of epichlorohydrin, followed by click reaction with alkynes, and subsequent azidation of chlorohydroxy triazoles was achieved under a one-pot methodology. The developed triazolyl azido alcohols were further utilized for the synthesis of a diverse range of morpholine-fused triazoles of chemotherapeutic value. The structure of all developed compounds has been elucidated using IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analysis, where four of them have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis.

Numerous deoxy-azido sugars 3 were prepared by the reaction of tosyl/bromo sugars with NaN3 in dry DMF under heating condition. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of deoxy-azido sugars 3 with ethisterone 4 to afford regioselective triazole-linked ethisterone glycoconjugates 5 was investigated in the presence of CuI and DIPEA in dichloromethane or CuSO4·5H2O and sodium ascorbate in aqueous medium. All the developed compounds were characterized by spectroscopic analysis (IR, 1H & 13C NMR, and MS spectra). Structure of triazolyl ethisterone glycoconjugate 5a has been further confirmed by its Single Crystal X-ray analysis.