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Objective: This study was conducted to determine reduction of various odorous materials from a swine farm equipped with a continuous pit recirculation system (CPRS) with aerobically treated liquid manure.Methods: The CPRS is used in swine farms in South Korea, primarily to improve air quality in pig houses. In this study, CPRS consists of a manure aerobic treatment system and a fit recirculation system; the solid fraction is separated and composted, whereas the aerobically treated liquid fraction (290.0%±21.0% per day of total stored swine slurry) is continuously returned to the pit. Four confinement pig barns in three piggery farms were used; two were equipped with CPRS and the other two operated a slurry pit under the slatted floor.Results: All chemical contents of slurry pit manure in the control were greater than those of slurry pit manure in the CRPS treatment (p

Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy (Family: Cymodoceaceae) is a seagrass growing in the oceans across the globe except in cold waters. This study investigated into the polyphenolic content, antioxidant [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating, phosphomolybdenum)]and enzymatic properties [α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BChE)] of S. isoetifolium. Detailed phytochemical profiling was also conducted using Ultra Performance High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) technique. The methanolic extract was found to possess greater amount of phenolic than flavonoid compounds. Antioxidant results showed that the extract was a better ABTS radical scavenger (9.56 ± 0.40 mg TE/g) compared to DPPH (5.39 ± 0.09 mg TE/g and exhibited good reducing potential with CUPRAC assay (18.66 ± 0.46 mg TE/g). In terms of enzymatic inhibition, strong activities were noted against tyrosinase (25.92 ± 0.11 mg KAE/g) in contrast to α-amylase, α-glucosidase and cholinesterase. Phytochemical data revealed the presence of 14 compounds with chicoric acid and caftaric acid among them. Docking the identified compounds, namely, caftaric acid, loliolide and Iso-loliolide at the active site of the tyrosinase enzyme has elucidated the binding affinity of these inhibitors and their interactions with the active site. Based on our findings, S. isoetifolium may be considered as a good natural antioxidant and clinical enzyme inhibitors that can be exploited in pharmaceutical/or cosmeceutical industries.

We investigated the effects of activated charcoal (AC), culture medium strength and various levels of thidiazuron (TDZ) on asymbiotic in vitro seed germination and seedlings development of Pecteilis radiata, an endangered terrestrial orchid. Seeds were inoculated in culture bottle containing quarter-, half- and full-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) with 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), 3% (w/v) sucrose, and 0.8% (w/v) plant agar. The culture medium strength, TDZ levels, and their interactions had a significant (P

Dianthus superbus (DS) is a traditional medicinal herb well known for its medicinal and therapeutic potential and widely distributed in various Asian countries. The ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (Bu) and distilled water (DW) extracts of DS assessed for extraction of bioactive compounds and their biological activities. The chemical analysis was done using LC-MS/MS and antioxidant, anticancer and antiviral activities were determined. EA extracts showed strong anticancer activity with IC50 of 9.5, 13.8 and 69.9 μg/mL on SKOV, NCL-H1299 and Caski cancer cell lines, respectively. The Bu extracts exhibited strongest antiviral activity with respect to both influenza A and B viruses with IC50 values of 4.97 and 3.9 μg/mL, respectively. Also the metabolic profile for EA, Bu and DW extracts shows high variations and influence precisely the antioxidant, anticancer and antiviral properties. The quercetin 3- rutinoside and isorhamnetin 3- glucoside showed higher neuraminidase inhibition activity in dose dependent manner. Molecular docking study revealed that flavonol glycosides have higher binding activities towards influenza polymerase membrane glycoprotein. Correlation study showed that flavonol glycosides were linked to anti-influenza activity and cyclic peptides with anticancer activities. This study provides vital information for effective utilization of DS for medicinal, food and therapeutic purposes.

This study aimed to establish a rapid in vitro plant regeneration method from rhizome buds of Kaempferia parviflora to obtain the valuable secondary metabolites with antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties. The disinfection effect of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO NPs) on rhizome and effects of plant growth regulators on shoot multiplication and subsequent rooting were investigated. Surface sterilization of rhizome buds with sodium hypochlorite was insufficient to control contamination. However, immersing rhizome buds in 100 mg L−1 AgO NPs for 60 min eliminated contamination without affecting the survival of explants. The number of shoots (12.2) produced per rhizome bud was higher in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 8 µM of 6-Benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.5 µM of Thidiazuron (TDZ) than other treatments. The highest number of roots (24), with a mean root length of 7.8 cm and the maximum shoot length (9.8 cm), were obtained on medium MS with 2 µM of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). A survival rate of 98% was attained when plantlets of K. parviflora were acclimatized in a growth room. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the chemical profile of K. parviflora leaf extracts. Results showed that several biologically active flavonoids reported in rhizomes were also present in leaf tissues of both in vitro cultured and ex vitro (greenhouse-grown) plantlets of K. parviflora. We found 40 and 36 compounds in in vitro cultured and ex vitro grown leaf samples, respectively. Greenhouse leaves exhibited more potent antioxidant activities than leaves from in vitro cultures. A higher acetylcholinesterase inhibitory ability was obtained for greenhouse leaves (1.07 mg/mL). However, leaves from in vitro cultures exhibited stronger butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities. These results suggest that leaves of K. parviflora, as major byproducts of black ginger cultivation, could be used as valuable alternative sources for extracting bioactive compounds.

Plant tissue culture has led to breakthroughs in understanding and applying the fundamental knowledge towards harnessing more from plants. Microbial contamination is one of the serious problems limiting the successful extrapolation of plant tissue culture practices. Sources of in vitro contamination include culture containers, media, explants, equipment, the environment of the culture room and transfer area, and operating personnel. The successful initiation of in vitro culture mostly depends on surface sterilization of explants because this is the primary source. Usually, surface sterilization is done using chemicals, or toxic nanomaterials, this is the first time such an approach has been demonstrated. Numerous surface microflora attached to plant surfaces grow faster than the cultured explants and release phytotoxic substances into the culture media, hindering positive outcomes. In the current work, for the first time, the applicability of turmeric and benzoin resin-based fumigation of explants is demonstrated. The results showed that fumigation methods for surface sterilization were promising and could lead to fifty and even 100% contamination-free plant tissue culture. Nanoparticulate carbon was identified in the turmeric and benzoin smoke and coined the key player in the surface sterilization effect. These studies open a whole new avenue for the use of fumigation-based methods for riddance of microbial contamination.

Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray is threatened with extinction owing to climate change, poor seed germination, and ocean warming. In vitro explant-culture is used for ex situ preservation and plantlet massive production. In vitro cell and organ cultures serve as an alternative plant material source to investigate the biological activities and phytochemical profiles of rare plants. We aimed to develop an efficient callus and shoot production protocol and investigate bioactive metabolites, antioxidants, and enzyme inhibitory potential of M. maritima calli, shoots, and in vivo seedlings. The effects of combinations of different plant growth regulators, 6-BA (N6-benzyladenine), 6-KN (Kinetin), TDZ (Thidiazuron), and NAA (1-Naphthylacetic acid), in MS (Murashige and Skoog) nutrient medium were studied. The highest callus proliferation was obtained after 5-week cultivation over a 16-h photoperiod on growth medium MS enriched with 4 &micro, M each of 6-BA and NAA. The medium with 2 &micro, M 6-BA and 4 &micro, M 6-KN had the best shoot induction rate (91.1%) with a mean of 13.4 shoots. The combination of two cytokinins (6-BA and 6-KN) was found to be effective in M. maritima shoot regeneration. The rooting frequency was 100% in &frac12, MS with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA 2 &micro, M). The number of detected compounds and chemical composition in the M. maritima shoots and seedlings extracts were similar. The total amount of phenolics in the shoots was 216.4% and 369.5% higher than in seedlings and calli, respectively. The total amount of flavonoids in the shoots was 241.1% and 429.3% higher than in seedlings and calli, respectively. The best antioxidant activity was obtained in the shoots, followed by seedlings and calli. However, the order was seedlings &gt, calli &gt, shoots regarding metal chelating ability. The strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties were obtained in the calli, followed by seedlings and shoots. However, the tested samples can be ranked as seedlings &gt, shoots &gt, calli in butylcholinestrase inhibition assay. This study is the first report on the enzyme inhibitory effects of M. maritima extracts, providing valuable contributions to the scientific community.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of plant growth regulators, sucrose concentration, and the number of subcultures on axillary shoot multiplication, in vitro flowering, and somaclonal variation and to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory potential of in vitro-established callus, somaclonal variant, and normal green shoots of Catharanthus roseus. The highest shoot induction rate (95.8%) and highest number of shoots (23.6), with a mean length of 4.5 cm, were attained when the C. roseus nodal explants (0.6&ndash, 1 cm in length) were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 &micro, M thidiazuron, 1 &micro, M 2-(1-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA), and 4% sucrose. The in vitro flowering of C. roseus was affected by sucrose, and the number of subcultures had a significant effect on shoot multiplication and somaclonal variation. The highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found in normal green shoots, followed by those in somaclonal variant shoots and callus. The phytochemicals in C. roseus extracts were qualified using liquid chromatography&ndash, tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 39, 55, and 59 compounds were identified in the callus, somaclonal variant shoot, and normal green shoot tissues, respectively. The normal green shoot extracts exhibited the best free radical scavenging ability and reducing power activity. The strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects were found in the callus, with an IC50 of 0.65 mg/mL.

Seaweeds have been exploited as both food products and therapeutics to manage human ailments for centuries. This study investigated the metabolite profile of five seaweeds (Halimeda spp., Spyridia hypnoides (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Papenfuss, Valoniopsis pachynema (G. Martens) B&oslash, rgesen, Gracilaria fergusonii J. Agardh and Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Furthermore, these seaweeds were assessed for antioxidant and inhibitory effects against &alpha, amylase, &alpha, glucosidase, acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE), butyryl-cholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. Valoniopsis pachynema and A. anceps yielded the highest flavonoid (4.30 &plusmn, 0.29 mg RE/g) and phenolic content (7.83 &plusmn, 0.08 mg RE/g), respectively. Additionally, A. anceps exhibited significant antioxidant properties with all assays and significantly depressed BChE (IC50 = 6.68 &plusmn, 0.83 mg/mL) and &alpha, amylase activities (IC50 = 5.34 &plusmn, 0.14 mg/mL). Interestingly, the five seaweeds revealed potent inhibitory effects against tyrosinase activity. In conclusion, A. anceps might be considered as a key source of phytoantioxidants and a potential candidate to develop nutritional supplements. Besides, the five tested seaweeds warrant further study and may be exploited as promising natural sources for managing hyperpigmentation.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is rich with flavonols which perceived benefits to human health. Flavonols like quercetin and quercetin glycosides from onion solid waste (OSW) have been extracted and tested against enzymes of clinical importance in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes and be shown to have cytotoxic and antioxidant effects. A simple high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector method using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column was developed to separate quercetin-3, 4'-O-diglucoside, quercetin-4'-O-monoglucoside, and quercetin from OSW. These compounds were identified using infrared, ultra-violet, 1H, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. The OSW solvent fractions and flavonols showed significant antioxidant activities using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging assays. The samples exhibited significant in vitro anti-cholinesterase activity with strong antidiabetic effects. OSW extracted with methanol and ethanol showed greater in vitro anti-cholinesterase and hypoglycemic effects than QDG, QMG, and Q possibly due to interactions between multiple compounds and/or complex multivariate interactions with other factors in OSW. In addition, cytotoxicity assays showed that OSW and QDG, QMG, and Q could inhibit the proliferation of selected cancer cell lines. Results indicate that OSW and flavonol glycosides are potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and sedative agents.

The present study was aimed to assess cellular and molecular events involved in the chemopreventive activities of &beta, cryptoxanthin derived from mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu Marc.) on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. In vitro experiments established that &beta, cryptoxanthin significantly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells with the IC50 value of 4.5 and 3.7 &micro, M after 24 and 48 h of treatments, respectively. &beta, cryptoxanthin-treated HeLa cells exhibited enhanced levels of oxidative stress correlated with significant downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax mRNA expression. Moreover, &beta, cryptoxanthin triggered nuclear condensation and disruption of the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, upregulated caspase-3, -7, and -9 mRNA, and enhanced activation of caspase-3 proteins, resulting in nuclei DNA damage and apoptosis of HeLa cells. Remarkably, TUNEL assay carried out to detect nuclei DNA damage showed 52% TUNEL-positive cells after treatment with a physiological concentration of &beta, cryptoxanthin (1.0 &mu, M), which validates its potential as an anticancer drug of natural origin.

Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3 NPs) are synthesized successfully using Forsythiae fructus aqueous fruit extract. The structrural and morphological properties of Y2O3 NPs were systematically studied by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD patterns. The results indicate the NPs with flake-like flower morphology. The overall results indicated that the green synthesized Y2O3 NPs exhibited potent anti-cancer activity against renal carcinoma cells. The synthesis method is inexpensive, eco-friendly, reduced harmful side effects and alternative to physical/chemical methods.

An efficient protocol for asymbiotic seed germination and multiple shoot production of Thrixspermum japonicum has been established. Seeds were cultured on MSB (Murashige and Skoog, (MS) macro- and micro-nutrients, 0.1% (w/v) activated charcoal (AC), and 3.0% (w/v) sucrose) medium fortified with different concentrations of coconut water (CW), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and gibberellic acid (GA3) to promote seed germination. The highest seed germination percentage (88.1%) was observed on MSB medium fortified with 0.2% (v/v) CW, 0.2 mg L−1 NAA and 0.5 mg L−1 GA3. Optimized shoot induction (94.3%) and maximum shoot numbers (8.3) were obtained on protocorm cultured on MS medium amended with 0.1% (w/v) AC, 3.0% (w/v) banana pulp, 2.0% (w/v) potato homogenate, 0.3 mg L−1 KN, 0.2 mg L−1 NAA, and 0.5 mg L−1 GA3. Rooting of the shoots was best achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) AC, 3.0% (w/v) banana pulp and 2.0% (w/v) potato homogenate, and 0.8 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid. Plantlets were acclimatized in the greenhouse with 88.1% survival rates. The protocol proposed in this study could be useful for conservation of S. japonicus, an important and rare epiphytic orchid.

Background Berberine, a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids has drawn high attention for its several biological potencies. Objective To furnish new rationalized derivatives based on berberine core which can deliver promising antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Method The N-Mannich base of an isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine, bearing substituted benzothiazole moieties was obtained. Novel synthesized analogues were in vitro screened for antioxidant efficacy toward 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals and in vitro cytotoxicity towards cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and CaSki), an ovarian cancer cell line (SK-OV-3) and human renal cancer cell line (Caki-2). Cytotoxicity of the compounds toward normal cell lines was examined using the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) non-cancer cell line. Results Analogues bearing a methoxy functional group (5e), acid functionality (5c), and a cyano group (5m) showed remarkable radical scavenging potential in DPPH and ABTS bioassays. Potent cytotoxicity exhibited by berberine against the HeLa cell line was attributable to the presence of a 2-aminobenzothaizole moiety (5a) and its 6-chloro congener (5g) on the berberine core, and the 6-cyano group (5m) on the benzothiazole ring revealed strong sensitivity for the CaSki cell line, whereas subjected scaffolds demonstrated diminished activity against the SK-OV-3 cell line. In addition, the compound with a 2-aminobenzothaizole moiety (5a), compound with methoxy functional group (5e) and compound with cyano group appeared with the most significant cytotoxicity effect in Caki-2 cell line. Their structures have been elucidated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analyses (CHN) essential research. Conclusion N-Mannich bases of berberine were efficiently generated utilizing pharmacologically diverse substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole entities and final compounds were found remarkably active in antioxidant and cytotoxic assay. Hence, such types of compounds can be further studied or rationalized in future drug discovery studies.

The influence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzyladenine (BA), and thidiazuron (TDZ) on direct rhizome induction and shoot formation from rhizome explants of Cymbidium goeringii was explored. Rhizome segments obtained from in vitro seed cultures of C. goeringii were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium incorporated with 5, 10, 20, or 40 µM 2,4-D and 1, 2, 4, or 8 µM BA or TDZ alone or in combination with 20 µM 2,4-D. The explants developed only rhizomes on MS medium with or without 2,4-D. The highest percent of rhizome formation (100%) was obtained on MS medium incorporated with 20 μM of 2,4-D. The morphology and number of rhizomes varied with the level of 2,4-D in the medium. Direct adventitious shoot formation was achieved on medium incorporated with BA or TDZ. The adventitious shoots produced per explant significantly increased with the supplementation of 2,4-D to cytokinin-containing medium. The highest mean of 21.8 ± 1.8 shoot buds per rhizome segment was obtained in medium fortified with 20 μM 2,4-D and 2 μM TDZ. The greatest percent of root induction (100%) and the mean of 5.3 ± 1.1 roots per shoot were achieved on ½ MS medium incorporated with 2 μM of α-naphthaleneacetic acid. About 97% of the in vitro-produced plantlets acclimatized in the greenhouse. An efficient in vitro propagation protocol was thus developed for C. goeringii using rhizome explants.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a well-known medicinal plant as a potent anticancer agent that produces rich of secondary metabolites, such as phytochemicals, terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) including catharanthine, vinblastine, vincristine, vindoline. In the present study illustrates the changes in phenolic contents, TIA contents and their biosynthesis pathway with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction qRT-PCR, and investigation of antioxidant and anticancer potential with their correlation by different Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) treated the condition in cambium meristematic cells (CMCs) from C. roseus. The UV-C was found to process high antioxidant capacity and anticancer potential. Moreover, the UV-C treatment enhanced accumulation of bioactive compounds such as total flavonoids, total phenolic, and TIAs, and also found a correlation with upregulation of TIA biosynthesis pathway genes. These results indicate that the UV-C treated C. roseus CMCs is a potential candidate to be used as natural antioxidant, anticancer agent and treatments of UV-C can be used as an efficient method to enhance bioactive compounds.

In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of newly synthesized berberine derivatives (BD) against influenza virus infection using several strains in in vitro and in silico. The CPE reduction, pre-incubation, NA activity inhibition and molecular docking assays were used for antiviral evaluation. The anti-influenza activities of BDs were stronger than plant-derived pure commercial berberine, and some of the BDs were more potent than control drug Oseltamivir. The cytotoxicity level was observed in the range 63.16-1639μg/mL for synthesized BDs. Additionally, BDs were detected as able to block influenza viral particles. We targeted neuraminidase one of the influenza surface protein for further probing. Moreover, BDs registered competitive NA inhibition activity comparing with Oseltamivir. The active site of viral NA subunit was fully blocked by BD as the same location as Oseltamivir. The binding energies between influenza NA subunit and BD-5 were higher than Oseltamivir. More H-bonds and NA residues were occupied by BD for stronger binding ability than Oseltamivir. These results indicated that BD inhibits various strains of influenza virus by blocking of viral NA subunit.

Aspartame is widely used artificial sweeteners as food additives. Several researchers have pointed that the controversial report on the use of aspartame over more than decades. Omega-3 fatty acids are essential and unsaturated fatty acids, and it plays a remarkable role in vision, intelligence, neural development, and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on aspartame treated renal cells. Experimental groups were divided into three such as sham control, aspartame treated, and aspartame with omega-3 fatty acids. Cell viability was determined by sulforhodamine-b assay and flow cytometric analysis. The experimental results showed that the aspartame induced altered cell viability were reduced following treatment of aspartame with omega-3 fatty acids. Altered cell morphology was recovered by omega-3 fatty acids. DNA damage appeared in the highest concentration of aspartame used in this study. DNA damage characteristics such as comet tail and tiny head sections did not appear in the omega-3 fatty acids treated cells. Several microvilli and vesicular structures were found in aspartame treated cells. Altered morphology such as rounding, microvilli, and formation of dome-like structures did not appear in the omega-3 fatty acids with aspartame treated cells. Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression were increased in aspartame treated cells, and these levels were reduced following omega-3 fatty acids treatment. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that the omega-3 fatty acids may be a therapeutic agent to reduce the aspartame induced biochemical and morphological alterations in normal renal cells. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(6):847-857, 2017.

β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid and presents as a major component of various sports supplements. It is a non-proteogenic amino acid, formed in vivo by degradation of carnosine, anserine, balenine, and dihydrouracil. The present study was aimed at investigating the anti-tumor effects of β-alanine in renal and cervical tumor cells. Sulforhodamine-B assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure cell viability. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression was analyzed using FITC-conjugated fluorescent antibody. The cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was measured using bioluminescence method. Cell migration was determined by the simple standard-scratch method. β-Alanine reduced renal and cervical cell growth significantly. Percentage of inhibition of renal and cervical tumor cells was increased at higher concentration of β-alanine. LDH expression and ATP content were significantly reduced in renal and cervical tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. Renal and cervical tumor cell migration were significantly reduced following 10 and 100 mM of β-alanine treatment. In our study, β-alanine exerts no significant effect on normal MDCK cells except a marginal effect at the highest concentration (100 mM). In summary, our experimental data suggest that β-alanine may be a potential anti-tumor agent exhibiting several anti-cancer effects in renal and cervical tumor cells.

Afghanistan is the fourth largest producer of almonds in the world producing 78 native and 6 imported cultivars. However, till date, there have been no comprehensive data on nutrient profiles of the native cultivars. Thus, in the present investigation, tocopherol contents and fatty acid composition from the kernels of 20 selected native almond cultivars of Afghanistan were analyzed. The ranges of variability for the studied nutrients were similar to those already reported for almonds grown in other countries, such as 47.8–66.1% of total lipids (fresh weight basis), 62.54–81.57% of oleic acid in the total lipids, and 139.1–355.0 μg/g α-tocopherol in kernels. With respect to cultivars, significantly (p

A novel ethylenediamine (EDA) based chemosensor 5 [dimethyl 2,2′-((3-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))dibenzoate] has been designed and synthesized for the turn on fluorescence sensing of Cu2+ ions. The molecular geometry configuration of 5 is identified by X-ray diffraction and its corresponding orbital electron distributions are predicted by density functional theory (DFT). The probe 5 exhibits strong and selective complexing ability towards Cu2+ over the other metal ions tested in both acetonitrile and aqueous solvent systems. MeCN-HEPES buffer system is more suitable for the selective fluorescence sensing of Cu2+ ions. In addition, the lowest detection limit is 0.30 μM for Cu2+ ions. This probe has also been applied successfully for the confocal fluorescence imaging of MDCK cells. Therefore, this probe can be used in both the environmental and biological systems for the detection of Cu2+.

Tagetes is one of the well established and well researched plant materials that are extensively used owing to their enumerable beneficial properties. Extraction of its bioactive components is well established in terms of organic solvent based extractions. However, organic solvent based extractions limit the practical applicability of the extracts and its practical implementation. In this regard, water based extraction strikes a high note. For the first time, the sonication assisted extraction of Tagetes has been demonstrated and the methodology validated for its superior extraction success compared to the conventional hot water extraction method. The results confirm the use of ultrasonication to lead to accelerated and extremely significant (2–3 order increase) extraction of total phenolics, antioxidants and flavanoids, leading to enhanced antimicrobial activity. The flowers held the highest bioactive molecules. FESEM based imaging studies revealed membrane bound damage as the reason behind the bactericidal activity. The future implementation of ultrasonication technology for accelerated ultrafast extraction of herbal and tea infusion formulations is highly recommended.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized by a green route using an aqueous black bean extract and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, SAED, SEM, and EDX. The synthesized CuO NPs were spherical in shape, and the XRD results show the average size of the NPs was similar to 26.6 nm. The cytotoxic effect of the CuO NPs was determined by sulforhodamine-B assay. Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased and initiated lipid peroxidation of the liposomal membrane, which regulates several signaling pathways and influences the cytokinetic movements of cells. Mitochondrial fragmentation disruption assay confirmed the alteration in the mitochondrial structure after incubation with nanoparticles. In addition, clonogenic assay confirmed the inability of NPs incubated cancer cells to proliferate well. Our experimental results show that the CuO NPs can induce apoptosis and suppress the proliferation of HeLa cells. (C) 2016 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

A new Mannich base series of piperazine linked berberine analogues was furnished in this study to screen the antioxidant and anticancer potential of the resultant analogues. Alkoxy group at a C-9 position of berberine was converted to hydroxyl functionality to enhance the ability of final scaffolds binding to the target of drug action mainly through hydrophobic effect, conjugation effect, whereas Mannich base functionality was introduced on the C-12 position of berberine. Scaffolds were investigated for their free radical scavenging antioxidant potential in FRAP and DPPH assay, whereas tested to check their Fe+3 reducing power in ABTS assay. The radical scavenging potential of the final derivatives 4a–j was found excellent with IC50s, 30 of therapeutic indices, thus exerting low cytotoxic values against Malin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines at CC50s >125μg/mL. Hence, from the bioassay outcomes it can be stated that these analogues are dual active agents as the scavengers of reactive oxygen species and inhibitors of the cancerous cells as compounds with halogen functional group have overall good pharmacological potential in assays studied in this research. Correct structure of the final compounds was adequately confirmed on the basis of FT-IR and 1H NMR as well as elemental analyses.

Carnosine is a natural antioxidant dipeptide that is highly concentrated in muscles and brain. The present study investigated the effect of carnosine cell growth inhibition and activation of the caspase-3 enzyme under cell co-culture system. Renal carcinoma and normal cells were co-cultured to provide three-dimensional views for the experimental analyses. Carnosine inhibited renal cancer cell growth up to 40%, whereas it was 25% in normal cells. Caspase-3 enzyme activity corresponded to the appearance of immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm using the caspase-3 antibody. Caspase-3 enzyme activity gradually increased in renal carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The increased immunofluorescence and fluorescent detection of caspase-3 indicated the occurrence of apoptosis. The binding affinity of carnosine with caspase-3 subunit was confirmed by In silico docking study and glide energy was -5.2kcal/mol. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that the carnosine may be a potential antiproliferative agent in renal carcinoma tumor.

WOS: 000506635300025, Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are common human pathogens belonging to the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae that trigger severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients. After primary infection, the HSVs establish a lifelong latent infection in the vegetative neural ganglia of their hosts. HSV infections contribute to substantial disease burden in humans as well as in newborns. Despite a fair number of drugs being available for the treatment of HSV infections, new, effective, and safe antiviral agents, exerting different mechanisms of action, are urgently required, mainly due to the increasing number of resistant strains. Accumulating pieces of evidence have suggested that structurally diverse compounds from marine algae possess promising anti-HSV potentials. Several studies have documented a variety of algal polysaccharides possessing anti-HSV activity, including carrageenan and fucan. This review aimed to compile previous anti-HSV studies on marine algae-derived compounds, especially sulfated polysaccharides, along with their mode of action, toward their development as novel natural anti-HSV agents for future investigations., KU Research Professor Program of Konkuk University, This article was supported by the KU Research Professor Program of Konkuk University.

Aloe vera (AV) is popular and has been commercialized as a beauty product, laxative, herbal medicine, the antimicrobial activity of AV is proven. The antiviral activity of AV however, has not been well documented except for a handful reports. Till date extraction of AV compounds is popularized using organic solvents, since the active components are effectively extracted in methanol. In the current work, we have employed a 5 min ultrasound based extraction for the effective extraction of aloin and aloe-emodin compounds from AV in water. This rapid, one-pot extraction process resulted in enhanced extraction of flavonoids and phenolics and enrichment of the aloin and aloe-emodin moieties in the ulrasonicated water extracts. The extracts were tested for their anti-influenza activity and, the results showed that the ultrasound extraction enabled the water extracts to show excellent anti influenza activity comparable to that seen in the methanolic extracts. Compared to the methanolic extracts which showed high cytotoxicity, the water extracts showed zero cytotoxicity. Spectrophotometric scans of the extracts confirmed the enrichment of the aloin and aloe emodin peaks in the ultrasonicated extracts of AV, suggesting their handiwork behind the anti-influenza activity. The demonstrated technique if appropriately implicated, would lead to promising solutions in the pharmaceutical pursuit against influenza virus.

Quercetin, a potential polyphenolic which possesses several biological effects. The influenza virus polymerase basic 2 (PB2) subunit of RNA polymerase responsible for replication, degree of virus conservation and active target site for designing specific antivirals. The quercetin derivatives downloaded from PubChem were screened using PyRX software configured with Vina Wizard, targeted on cap-binding site of the PB2 of influenza viral RNA polymerase. Among the PubChem library (total 97,585,747 compounds), 410 quercetin derivatives were screened using molecular docking (affinity:-9.0 kcal) for their drug-likeness and in vitro cytopathic effect by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Among all quercetin derivatives, quercetin 3'-glucuronide (Q3G) showed strongest binding affinity towards cap-binding site of the PB2 subunit with -9.6 kcal of binding affinity and 0.00054 mM of Ki value, while quercetin 3'-glucuronide (Q7G) was presented highest anti-influenza activity with 2.10 ± 0.05 of IC

Flavonol glucosides was extracted from red onion solid waste (ROSW) and multi-functional properties were determined to develop alternative strategy for therapeutic beneficiation and utilisation as functional food. The major flavonol glucosides extracted from ROSW were confirmed as quercetin-3, 4'-O-diglucoside (QDG), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercetin), quercetin-4'-O-glucoside (spiraeoside), isorhamnetin- 4'-glucoside (IMG), quercetin glycoside (QG), and quercetin (Q) using a combination of chromatographic, spectroscopic and scientific literature data. The ROSW solvent fractions and extracted flavonol glucosides showed significant antioxidant effect with DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC radical scavenging assays. The in vitro and in silico study revealed that the QG, QDG, isoquercetin, and spiraeoside from ROSW exhibited potent α-glucosidase, tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibitory activity. In addition, QG, QDG, isoquercetin, and spiraeoside showed potent anticancer effect on HeLa cancer lines. Considering these results, the utilization of ROSW and their flavonol glucosides might be helpful for developing potential antioxidant, anticancer and enzyme inhibitory agents.

The green synthesis of nanoparticles is a convenient, inexpensive, rapid and eco-friendly method compared to traditional synthesis methods. We synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 (hematite)) nanoparticles from iron (III) chloride using an aqueous extract of Psoralea corylifolia seeds as a reducing agent. Various characterization methods indicate that nanoparticles were crystalline with an average size of ~39 nm. The nanoparticles were assessed for their catalytic activity on methylene blue using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer and showed a rapid reduction within 63 min. The in vitro anticancer activity of the nanoparticles was also determined by Sulforhodamine (SRB) assay, and caspase-3 expression was determined using caspase-3 fluorescence and immunofluorescence assays. The results were suggested the strong cancer cell growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner.

Aspartame is most widely used as artificial sweeteners in more than 6000 food varieties. Aspartame digested into aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol, and several peroxides, superoxide molecules also generated together. The kidney is the secondary site for the cellular metabolism. The present study examined whether the treatment of aspartame induces oxidative stress in the Madin–Darby kidney cells (MDCK). The effects of aspartame on MDCK cell viability were investigated by the sulphorhodamine-B assay and flow cytometry. Morphology of MDCK cells following aspartame exposure was observed. Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also determined using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione reduced (GSH) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase enzymes were also determined. Cell viability was significantly altered following aspartame exposure. Morphology of MDCK cells did not change significantly. However, there was a marginal morphological change, including rounding, sporadic distribution and loss of adherence were observed at higher doses of aspartame exposure. Mitochondria-derived ROS was increased in a dose-dependent manner following aspartame exposure. A significant increase in LPO levels, whereas GSH level was reduced after 48 and 72 h of aspartame exposure. SOD and catalase enzyme activities were significantly reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Taking all these data together, it is concluded that aspartame may induce oxidative stress in the MDCK cells.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous Perilla leaf extract and evaluated for anticancer activity. These green -synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and SAED. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and hexagonal in shape, and the average size of the NPs was ~23 nm. SRB assay investigated the anticancer activity of the AgNPs against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. The fluorescence and confocal microscopy studies were confirmed the DNA damage and apoptosis following nanoparticle treatment. Furthermore, the intracellular ROS was also increased after treatment. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that AgNPs may be a potential agent for the inhibition of cervical tumor cells.

Piperazine derivatives bearing different electron-withdrawing and electron-donating functional groups were linked to the well-known isoquinoline alkaloid derivative, berberine via efficient organic transformations. The entire target berberine-based analogues were examined for their in vitro antioxidant potency using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid bioassays, and anticancer activities using sulforhodamine B assay against HeLa and CaSki cervical cancer cell lines in addition to the cytotoxicity using Madin-Darby canine kidney non-cancer cell lines and, ascorbic acid and berberine used as a control for antioxidant and anticancer activities, respectively. Bioassay results revealed that newer compounds were more active against CaSki and HeLa cell lines with therapeutic indices better than that of parent berberine and showed tolerable cytotoxicity to the normal cells. A final analogue 5a with 4-methylpiperazine substituent indicated most significant anticancer potency with a therapeutic index of 58.53 (HeLa) and 48.76 (CaSki), followed by those bearing meta-chloropiperazine rings with a therapeutic index of 41.83 (HeLa) and 47.35 (CaSki), respectively.In addition, newly synthesized analogues exerted a significant radical scavenging activity against 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid cation with IC50 values of 8.917 µg/mL, and were good to moderate scavengers of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical with IC50 values of 25.40 µg/mL. Synthesized compound was characterized using several techniques, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy and elemental (CHN) analyses.

An efficient in vitro propagation protocol was developed for the production of bioactive compounds from shoot cultures of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. Nodal explants obtained from mature field-grown plants of A. melanocarpa were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg l −1 thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with 0.1 or 0.5 mg l −1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for shoot multiplication. Among the various concentrations of TDZ studied, the maximum frequency of shoot multiplication (85.2%), mean number of (10.4) shoots per explant and mean shoot length (3.2 cm) were obtained on MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg l −1 TDZ. The culture medium containing TDZ with low concentration of NAA produced more shoots than with high NAA concentration. The highest frequency of shoot multiplication (98.9%), mean number of (19.8) shoots per explant and mean shoot length (3.8 cm) were obtained on MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg l −1 TDZ and 0.1 mg l −1 NAA. Hyperhydric shoots were observed on MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg l −1 TDZ and 0.1 mg l −1 NAA. The highest frequency of rooted shoots (100%), mean number of (10.6) roots per shoot and mean root length (5.4 cm) were obtained on 1/2 MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg l −1 IBA after 30 days of culture. The in vitro -developed plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% survival. The highest contents of carotenoids, α-tocopherol and fatty acids were found in leaves collected from greenhouse-grown in vitro plants followed by normal and hyperhydric leaves obtained from in vitro -regenerated shoots. All-E-lutein was the most abundant carotenoid (65.1–191.4 μg g −1 fresh weight) in A. melanocarpa leaf samples. Linolenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in A. melanocarpa leaf samples tested, comprising 45.91–50.04% of total fatty acid.

Natural substances have been attracted several researchers in the recent years, because of its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. We have investigated the effect of carnosine on cell viability, apoptosis, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase 3 enzyme expression in human cervical carcinoma and Madin-Darby Kidney Cells (MDCK) cells. Carnosine inhibited cancer cell growth up to 23%. ROS level was increased up to 30 and 31% in MDCK and HeLa cells respectively. Tunnel assay showed 42 and 14% of positive apoptotic cells in cancer and normal cells respectively. The alteration in mitochondrial and nuclear morphology was determined. The extended lace-like network of normal mitochondria found in control cells. Carnosine treatment significantly altered the mitochondrial morphology of normal cervical carcinoma cell. Mitochondria were condensed clump structures in carnosine treated cancer cells. Carnosine reduced the number of colonies of cervical carcinoma cells. Caspase 3 expression was corresponded to the appearance of immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm. Caspase 3 expression was gradually increased in cervical carcinoma cells. In Silico, docking study was performed to recognize the binding activity of carnosine against a subunit of the caspase 3, and carnosine was able to bind to the drug binding pocket of caspase 3. The glide energy is -5.2 kcal/mol, suggesting the high binding affinity of carnosine to caspase 3. Taking all these data together, the natural dipeptide L-carnosine could be a suitable antiproliferative agent in cervical carcinoma cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The 9-demethylated derivative of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine was derivatised in its isoquinoline moiety using enamines derived from formaldehyde and morpholine, piperidine, carbazole and six variously substituted piperazines to form Mannich base products which were evaluated for their in vitro biological effects. Standard tests determined their radical scavenging potential and their ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Cancerous growth inhibitory efficacies were assessed using cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and CaSki and their cytotoxicities towards normal cell lines were evaluated using Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines. Piperazine derivatives bearing a heterocyclic nitrogen substituent such as a pyridyl or a pyrimidyl ring were the most active antioxidant and anticancer agents. A carbazole moiety attached to the berberine core also demonstrated excellent inhibitory effects on cancerous cells.

The development of an eco-friendly process for the synthesis of nanoparticles is an important and emerging area in the field of nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Saccharina japonica extract and their cytotoxicity to cervical carcinoma cells was examined. The AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and selected area electron diffraction. The biosynthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape, and HeLa cells exposed to these NPs showed morphological changes, including rounding and loss of adherence. Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the characteristic apoptotic features such as reduction in nuclear volume and cytoplasm condensation.

Two synthesized Schiff base derivatives were analyzed as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 N HCl solution by a series of known techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization and scanning electron microscopic at different inhibitor concentrations. The effects demonstrate that two Schiff base derivatives are excellent inhibitors, and inhibition efficiency accepts the order: SB1 > SB2. The adsorption of each inhibitor on metal surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Two Schiff base derivatives acted as mixed-type inhibitors. The surface of the mild steel was examined by scanning electron microscope in the absence and presence of Schiff base derivatives.

Aspartame is used as an artificial sweetener in more than 6000 food varieties. The present study aims to determine the effects of aspartame at various concentrations on the cell viability, morphology, ROS level and DNA of human cervical carcinoma cells over two time periods of exposure. The effects of aspartame on HeLa cell viability were investigated using the sulphorhodamine-B assay (SRB assay) and flow cytometry. Alkaline comet assay was carried out to determine the possible DNA damage induced by aspartame. Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the presence of apoptotic and necrotic cells following aspartame treatment. Cell viability was significantly altered following a higher concentration of aspartame exposure. Mitochondria-derived ROS increased at higher concentrations of aspartame exposure. Exposure to 10 mM and 20 mM of aspartame induced DNA fragmentation. Apoptotic and necrotic bodies were found in the range of 1-20 mM aspartame exposure. Exposure to high concentrations of aspartame may alter cell viability and morphology, and it may induce ROS generation and DNA damage in cervical carcinoma cells.

The ferulic and gallic acid related compounds from natural origin were studied against xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase-2 along with their anti-inflammatory activity. The compounds gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid revealed promising anti-inflammatory activity (30–40% TNF-α and 60–75% IL-6 inhibitory activity at 10 μM). Bioavailability of compounds were checked by in vitro cytotoxicity using CCK-8 cell lines and confirmed to be nontoxic, but found toxic at higher concentration (50 μM). Gallic, ferulic, caffeic acid was demonstrated potential dual inhibition toward xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase-2 as calculated by IC50: 68, 70.2, and 65 μg/ml (xanthine oxidase) and 68.5, 65.2, and 62.5 μg/ml (cyclooxygenase-2), respectively. The structure activity relationship and in silico drug relevant properties (HBD, HBA, PSA, c Log P, ionization potential, molecular weight, EHOMO and ELUMO) further confirmed that the compounds were potential candidates for future drug discovery study, which was expected for further rational drug design against xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase. Keywords: Ferulic acid, Gallic acid, Xanthine oxidase, Cyclooxygenase, SAR, Gout

We investigated the residues of 6 cephalosporins (cefquinome, cephalexin, cephalonium, cefazolin, ceftiofur, cefuroxime) using LC-MS/MS in raw meat in Seoul. This method involves extraction of the residue from the meat by distilled water and methanol followed by a manual of residue analysis published by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation. The recoveries ranged between 74.71~90.01% in beef, 73.37~101.40% in pork and 70.87~95.53% in chicken, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.0004~0.0563 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 0.001~0.169 mg/kg respectively. Residues of cephalosporins which exceeded maximum residue limits (MRL) were not exceed in any of the 287 samples. However, it is necessary to develop multi-method, which includes the active metabolites of ceftiofur.

Hormonal regulation of cell growth and development, tissue morphology, metabolism and physiological function in animals and man is a well-established knowledge domain in modern biological science. The present study was carried out to investigate the structural stability of hexokinase when exposed to diabetic levels of glucose and its binding efficiency. The fluorescence study indicated that 28-homobrassinolide was able to protect or restore the native structure of hexokinase. Proteins are synthesized and fold into the native form to become active. The inability of a protein molecule to remain in its native form is called as protein misfolding and this is because of several factors. Protein aggregation and misfolding are known to play a critical role in several human diseases including diabetes. Homobrassinolide interaction with hexokinase was studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. Results were suggested that the denatured hexokinase was renatured upon binding with homobrassinolide. In silico, docking study was performed to recognize the binding activity of homobrassinolide against a subunit of the glucokinase, and homobrassinolide was able to bind to the drug binding pocket of glucokinase. The glide energy is -7.1 kcal/mol, suggesting the high binding affinity of homobrassinolide to glucokinase. Overall, these studies predict that the phytohormone 28-homobrassinolide would function as an anti-diabetic when present in human and animal diet by augmenting the hexokinase enzyme activity in the animal cell. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

7-(4-Bromobutoxy)-5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one, obtained from chrysin with 1,4-dibromobutane, was combined with a wide range of 6-substituted 2-aminobenzthiazoles, which had been prepared from the corresponding anilines with potassium thiocyanate. Free radical scavenging efficacies of newer analogues were measured using DPPH and ABTS assays, in addition to the assessment of their anticancer activity against cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and CaSki) and ovarian cancer cell line (SK-OV-3) implementing the SRB assay. Cytotoxicity of titled compounds was checked using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) non-cancer cell line. Overall, 6a-r indicated remarkable antioxidant power as DPPH and ABTS(+) scavengers; particularly the presence of halogen(s) (6g, 6h, 6j-6l) was favourable with IC50 values comparable to the control ascorbic acid. Unsubstituted benzothiazole ring favored the activity of resultant compounds (6a and 6r) against HeLa cell line, whereas presence of chlorine (6g) or a di-fluoro group (6k) was a key to exert strong action against CaSki. Moreover, a mono-fluoro (6j) and a ketonic functionality (6o) were beneficial to display anticipated anticancer effects against ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3. The structural assignments of the new products were done on the basis of IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.