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Dairy cow's milk is a primary commodity in various countries and increasing milk production in dairy cows is crucial. Clitoria ternatea has the potential to enhance milk production in dairy cows. This research aims to analyze C. ternatea's ability to induce milk production in dairy cows by targeting the DRD2 protein. The compounds within C. ternatea were screened for drug-likeness, toxicity, physicochemical properties, and membrane permeability parameters. The DRD2 protein in dairy cattle was modeled using homology modeling. The interaction stability between C. ternatea compounds and DRD2 was analyzed through molecular docking and dynamic using AutoDock Vina and Webgro. The study results revealed that among the 18 compounds, 5 passed the drug-likeness screening: citronellal, alpha-terpinolene, 15-methyxypaysine, allyl-crotyl-zinc, and 9,12-octadecadiynoic. These 5 compounds exhibited low toxicity and demonstrated easy penetration of lipid membranes. Molecular docking results indicated that citronellal and alpha-terpinolene had the lowest binding energy values and were bound to the inhibitor's side. Molecular dynamic simulations also confirmed the stability of the interaction between citronellal and alpha-terpinolene with DRD2. In conclusion, this research suggests that C. ternatea can potentially increase milk production in dairy cows by inhibiting the DRD2 protein, primarily through citronellal and alpha-terpinolene.

This research comprehensively analyzes students’ Chemistry Learning Experience (CLE) during the COVID-19 pandemic, comparing online learning experiences with traditional face-to-face instruction in the post-pandemic phase. Employing a quantitative approach and leveraging the Rasch model, the study focuses on capturing the nuances of individual student perceptions, an aspect often overlooked in group-centric statistical analyses. One hundred students (49 males and 51 females) participated in both study phases. Segmented into behavioral tendencies, content perceptions, and specific learning needs, the evaluation tools provided insights into the students’ CLE across the two instructional modalities. Results from the stacking analysis revealed a positive shift in CLE post-pandemic, with students demonstrating a better grasp of and attitude toward chemistry in face-to-face settings. Racking analysis further underscored the changing difficulty perceptions of specific content items across the two learning environments. Gender-based patterns in CLE were also evident, with male students expressing a more favorable view of online learning during the pandemic than their female counterparts. The research findings advocate for a blended learning approach, harnessing the strengths of both online and traditional instructional methods. Furthermore, insights into gender-specific learning experiences emphasize the need for inclusive and adaptive teaching strategies, ensuring optimal learning experiences for all students. The study underscores educators’ and students’ resilience and adaptability in navigating the challenges of the pandemic. It offers valuable insights for future educational strategies in chemistry education.

Palm kernel shell is solid waste produced from the processing of crude palm oil (CPO). In this context, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) serves as an essential activator for producing an adsorbent with maximum micropore under operating conditions at a temperature of

Engaging students in collaborative learning fosters the expression of ideas, deepens understanding, and hones argumentation skills. Argumentation is pivotal, and instructors should facilitate opportunities for its practice. In the study on an environmental chemistry course, class conversations were recorded to analyze students’ contributions to online learning. Participants shared opinions, raised objections, and built on others’ answers. The instructor played a crucial role in harmonizing collaboration and guiding comprehensive argumentation. The study found claims and data as the most basic and common elements of argumentation. However, more complex components like rebuttal and backing warrants often need instructor intervention. While claims and data typically relied on one form of representation, such as macroscopic or symbolic, warrants demanded multiple dimensions, predominantly symbolic and submicroscopic. Toulmin’s arguments and Mahaffy’s tetrahedral ability of chemical representation were used for analysis. The findings highlighted that argumentation skills and chemical representation are intertwined, with certain argumentative components calling for specific representational dimensions. Collaborative online learning, thus, can enhance student participation and multifaceted skill development.

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. Nineteen different subtypes of breast carcinomas are recognized in the current WHO classification of breast tumors. Except for these subtypes, there are a number of carcinomas with special morphologic and immunohistochemical features that are not included in the 5th WHO classification, while others are considered special morphologic patterns of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. In this manuscript, we systematically review the literature on four different subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma, namely lymphoepithelioma-like breast carcinoma, breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, signet-ring breast carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma with melanocytic differentiation. We describe their clinicopathological characteristics, focusing on the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the metabolic, mitochondrial, and inflammatory effects of first-line efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF) single-tablet regimen (STR) relative to untreated asymptomatic HIV infection. To this end, we analyzed 29 people with HIV (PWH) treated for at least one year with this regimen vs. 33 antiretroviral-naïve PWH. Excellent therapeutic activity was accompanied by significant alterations in metabolic parameters. The treatment group showed increased plasmatic levels of glucose, total cholesterol and its fractions (LDL and HDL), triglycerides, and hepatic enzymes (GGT, ALP); conversely, bilirubin levels (total and indirect fraction) decreased in the treated cohort. Mitochondrial performance was preserved overall and treatment administration even promoted the recovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content depleted by the virus, although this was not accompanied by the recovery in some of their encoded proteins (since cytochrome c oxidase II was significantly decreased). Inflammatory profile (TNFα, IL-6), ameliorated after treatment in accordance with viral reduction and the recovery of TNFα levels correlated to mtDNA cell restoration. Thus, although this regimen causes subclinical metabolic alterations, its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties may be associated with partial improvement in mitochondrial function.

Extraction techniques are continuously developed by the scientific community. Meanwhile, avocado peel is a by-product of avocado processing and a source of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this review was to summarize the use of advanced techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from avocado peel to help understand which techniques have and have not been applied to avocado peel. Three primary databases were used to collect the information, including Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, by using the keywords “avocado”, “peel”, and “extraction”. Additional keywords related to the extraction technique were also used, including “Microwave-Assisted Extraction”, “Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction”, “Enzyme-Assisted Extraction”, “Pressurized Liquid Extraction”, “Supercritical Fluid Extraction”, “Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents”, “Three-phase partitioning (TPP)”, “Pulsed-Electric Field”, “High Voltage Electric Discharge Plasma”, “Centrifugal Partition Extraction”, and “Surfactant-Mediated Extraction”. The results show that microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, TPP, and natural deep eutectic solvent extraction have been used to retrieve bioactive compounds from avocado peel. Other techniques have not yet been applied for the extraction of bioactive compounds from avocado peel. This article is the first review discussing the advanced extraction technique for retrieving bioactive compounds from avocado peel. This article creates a paradigm for future studies.

Heavy metals pollution is associated with various forms of deleterious effects to the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to quantify Cu, Mn, Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Fe, Cr, and As in ground water and assess its impact on human health when used for domestic purpose. Eighteen ground water samples were collected, prepared and analyzed using Agilent technology model 4210 MP-AES microwave plasma emission spectrophotometer. The concentrations of Cd, As, Pb and Cu were greater than the WHO standard. The assessment of the human health risks from all the studied HMs revealed that the non carcinogenic risk was higher in children than adults while the carcinogenic risk was higher in adults than children. In adults, both the non carcinogenic and the carcinogenic risks decreased as the BMI increased. The health risks in both children and adults were below the USEPA safe limits of 1.0 and 1E-06 to 1E-04 for non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks respectively. In conclusion, children were at a higher potential health risks due to heavy metals exposure than adults. It was recommended that the culture of testing boreholes and well water for heavy metals should be learned.

This study aims to validate the method for measuring metformin hydrochloride plasma concentrations using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This research performed chromatography on a 250 mm 4.6 mm 5 µm purosphere® Star RP-18 column at ambient temperature with a UV detector system at 233 nm. The mobile phase components were 70% phosphate buffer (KH2PO4) (10 mM), sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.3 mM), and 30% acetonitrile. It was pumped at an isocratic flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Metformin HCl and ranitidine HCl (internal standard) were extracted using acetonitrile. The calibration curve was linear (R2 = 0.9998) in the 0.18–6 µg/mL concentration range. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.18 µg/mL. For intraday accuracy and precision, the percent difference and the coefficient of variation were less than 4 and 7%, and for inter-day were lower than 8 and 6%. The recovery average was 100.96%. The short-term plasma stability test was stable at 24 h at ambient temperature, and the long-term stability test was steady for 30 d at −20 °C. It was also stable after three freeze-thaw cycles. The method meets selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, carryover, and stability requirements and can be applied to population-based pharmacokinetic modeling.

Avocado seeds have a relatively high content of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, so they have the potential to be used as raw material for biodiesel. The process of processing biodiesel from avocado seeds is through a transesterification reaction, using a heterogeneous catalyst in the form of a stable bovine bone and green technology. This study uses a cow bone catalyst to produce biodiesel from avocado seed oil through a transesterification process. Biodiesel has characteristics; density of 0.75 g/cm3, FFA 0.468%, and acid number 0.732 mg-KOH/g. The transesterification process at 60° for 1 hour obtained an FFA of 1.50% to 0.468% and yield biodiesel 28.8%. The research showed that all biodiesel quality tests at SNI 04-7182-2015 except for the quality density test. The FTIR results of biodiesel are: wave number 2585-2956 cm-1 C-C (alkane) asymmetrical stretching shows free fatty acid chain bonds, 1749.88 cm-1 Carbonyl ester group C=O, peak-C-H group wavelength at 1459 cm-1, The position of the carbonyl ester is strengthened by the presence of the C-O ester position at a wavelength at 1378 cm-1, the C-H group (alkane) with a length at 1060 cm-1.

A Flavonoid glycoside compound, isolated and identified from E. polyantha as myricitrin, was analyzed as a ligand for its molecular binding activity against SARS-CoV-2 protein (receptor binding domain on Spike/RBD, main protease/nsp5, EndoRNAse, RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase/RdRp), and its receptor, ACE2, and computationally assessed via molecular docking method. This study aims to determine the potential of myricitrin in E. polyantha from Indonesia as an antiviral drug for SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation analysis. The results showed that the myricitrin had the strongest binding affinity energy towards the three important SARS-CoV-2 proteins, namely endoRNAse, main protease (3CLpro), and RdRp with ∆G values of −9.60 kcal/mol, −8.40 kcal/mol, and −8.30 kcal/mol, respectively. These values are stronger than the comparator ligands of favipiravir (−5.60 kcal/mol), atazanavir (−7.20 kcal/mol), and remdesivir (−7.70 kcal/mol). This indicated that the compound has the potential as an inhibitor against 3CLpro, endoRNAse, and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. This result was supported by the prediction made according to the Molprobity and PASS Online web servers, which showed that myricitrin has high bioactivity potential as an enzyme inhibitor (with a score of 0.38) and antiviral (with a score of 0.704).

The synthesis of functional and complex organic compounds is majorly performed by the Claisen rearrangement method. Claisen rearrangement is one of [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangements, a complex method in the synthesis of organic compounds, where it is mostly used to construct stereoselective compounds. It can be combined with other synthesis methods to synthesize organic compounds giving satisfactory results based on the method used, temperature, time, and yield produced. This review aimed to summarize several recent advances in synthesizing organic compounds through Claisen rearrangement reactions. An understanding of the mechanism and applications of this reaction might improve the ability to synthesize innovative and useful organic compounds in various fields of life sciences.

This paper presents a study that evaluates the usability and user experience of a mobile application interface for residential energy management, adopting a hybrid approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods within a user-centered design framework. For the evaluation, metrics and tools such as the User Experience Questionnaire Short (UEQ-S) and the System Usability Scale (SUS) were used, in addition to the implementation of a fuzzy logic model to interpret and contrast the data obtained through these metrics, allowing a more accurate assessment of usability and user experience, reflecting the variability and trends in the responses. Three aspects evaluated stand out: satisfaction with the interface, ease of use, and efficiency. These are fundamental to understanding how users perceive the system. The results indicate a high likelihood of user recommendation of the system and a high overall quality of user experience. This study significantly contributes to mobile application usability, especially in residential energy management, offering valuable insights for designing more intuitive and effective user interfaces on mobile devices.

PT XYZ Belawan has a kernel crushing plant unit that produces Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO) with 700 tons/day capacity. Palm kernel processing is carried out in two pressing stages. The first stage or first press produces oil and cake, while the second stage or second press produces oil and meal. The meal still contains 7-8% of the oil content. This study is aimed to determine the amount of CPKO yield, oil content, and oil losses in a meal during the pressing palm kernel process. The method used was the calculation of the mass balance in each process flow. The mass balance calculation is carried out after collecting the secondary data from the factory, including the analysis of water content, solids, FFA, and oil content. Based on the calculation results, CPKO yield was 48.10% of the average kernel mass rate of 714.7155 tons and met the plant standard of at least 44%. Furthermore, the average yield of oil content from the meal was 7.45% and oil losses were 3.86%.

The present study investigated the effects of sprouted barley (SB) with different cultivation stages on fermentation characteristics and degradation kinetics in the rumen. The SB was cultivated in three different stages as follows: 0, 4, and 8 days. Dried samples from each cultivation stage of SB were incubated in the rumen buffer at 39 °C for 48 h in quadruplicate with three blanks. Dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate concentrations of SB decreased linearly (p = 0.001) by increasing the cultivation stage, while crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose concentrations increased linearly (p ≤ 0.001). Total volatile fatty acid and butyrate in the rumen decreased linearly (p ≤ 0.020) by increasing the cultivation stage, while pH and propionate increased linearly (p < 0.001). The total degradation fraction of DM and NDF increased quadratically (p ≤ 0.003). The fraction degradation rate of DM and NDF decreased linearly (p ≤ 0.001) by increasing the cultivation stage, while the lag phase increased linearly (p ≤ 0.010). The present study concluded that cultivated SB at 4 days was recommended for animal feed due to the highest nutrient degradation in the rumen without any adverse effects on fermentation characteristics.

Microglia are found pathologically at all stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion development and are hypothesized to contribute to both inflammatory injury and neuroprotection in the MS brain. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are widely expressed, play an important role as environmental sensors, and are involved in calcium homeostasis for a variety of cells. TRPV4 modulates myeloid cell phagocytosis in the periphery and microglial motility in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that TRPV4 deletion would alter microglia phagocytosis in vitro and lessen disease activity and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and cuprizone-induced demyelination. We found that genetic deletion of TRPV4 led to increased microglial phagocytosis in vitro but did not alter the degree of demyelination or remyelination in the cuprizone mouse model of MS. We also found no difference in disease in EAE following global or microglia-specific deletion of Trpv4. Additionally, lesioned and normal appearing white matter from MS brains exhibited similar TRPV4 expression compared to healthy brain tissue. Taken together, these findings indicate that TRPV4 modulates microglial activity but does not impact disease activity in mouse models of MS, suggesting a muted and/or redundant role in MS pathogenesis.

The Patras Gulf Pockmark field is located in shallow waters offshore Patras City (Greece) and is considered one of the most spectacular and best-documented fluid seepage activities in the Ionian Sea. The field has been under investigation since 1996, though surveying was partially sparse and fragmentary. This paper provides a complete mapping of the field and generates new knowledge regarding the fluid escape structures, the fluid pathways, their origin and the link with seismic activity. For this, data sets were acquired utilising high-resolution marine remote sensing techniques, including multibeam echosounders, side-scan sonars, sub-bottom profilers and remotely operated vehicles, and laboratory techniques focusing on the chemical composition of the escaping fluids. The examined morphometric parameters and spatial distribution patterns of the pockmarks are directly linked to tectonic structures. Acoustic anomalies related to the presence of gas in sediments and in the water column document the activity of the field at present and in the past. Methane is the main component of the fluids and is of microbial origin. Regional and local tectonism, together with the Holocene sedimentary deposits, appear to be the main contributors to the growth of the field. The field preserves evidence that earthquake activity prompts the activation of the field.

Colony forming unit–Hill (CFU–Hill) colonies were established to serve as a sensitive biomarker for vascular health. In animals, the overexpression of miR-7-5p was shown to be pro-atherogenic and associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In a MERIT study, we aimed to explore the role of miR-7-5p expression in CFU–Hill colonies in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the effect of metformin in subclinical CVD. The expression of miR-7-5p in CFU–Hill colonies in 29 T1DM subjects without CVD and 20 healthy controls (HC) was measured. Metformin was administered to T1DM subjects for eight weeks. MiR-7-5p was upregulated in T1DM whereas metformin reduced it to HC levels. MiR-7-5p was positively correlated with c-reactive protein, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed miR-7-5p as a biomarker of CVD, and upregulated miR-7-5p, defining subclinical CVD at a HbA1c level of 44.3 mmol/mol. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted miR-7-5p to inhibit the mRNA expression of Krüppel-like factor 4, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 and insulin receptor substrate ½, and insulin receptor, while metformin activated these miRNAs via transforming growth factor-β1 and Smad2/3. We proved the pro-atherogenic effect of miR-7-5p that maybe used as a prognostic biomarker.

PT. AGS Medan merupakan pabrik yang bergerak dalam produksi pupuk NPK yang salah satu produknyaadalah formula 12.12.17 dengan komposisi 12% unsur nitrogen, 12% unsur fosfor dan17% unsur kalium. Salah satu tahapan dalam proses pembuatan pupuk NPK yaitu proses pengeringan. Jenis dryer yang digunakan adalah rotary dryer dengan putaran 5 rpm dan kemiringan 20o. Pengering yang digunakan adalah udara panas yang berasal dari pembakaran batu bara jenis bitminious di dalam furnace.Untuk menentukan jumlah batu bara yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pengeringan pupuk NPK sebagai bahan bakar furnace maka diperlukan perhitungan jumlah panas. Pengambilan sampel, analisis kadar air dan suhu serta menghitung panas dengan prinsip neraca massa dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan untuk mengeringkan pupuk NPK dengan kapasitas pupuk NPK 7000 kg/jam dibutuhkan energi sebesar 6136268,402Kkal/jam. Jumlah bahan bakar yang dibutuhkan untuk mengeringkan pupuk NPK adalah sebesar 789,219kg/jam.

Cholesterol plaque buildup in artery walls occurs due to oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) molecules by free radicals, which are a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Piper crocatum contains active compounds that can act as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, and essential oils. This study aimed to predict the potential of Piper crocatum extract and fraction compounds as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors by investigating the ligand affinity to the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. Ligand and receptor preparation was conducted using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer v16.1.0.15350 and AutoDock Tools v.1.5.6. Molecular docking used AutoDock Vina, while ligand visualization and receptor binding used PyMOL(TM) 1.7.4.5.Edu. The receptor used was HMG-CoA reductase (PDB code: 1HWK) with atorvastatin as a control ligand. Catechin, schisandrin B, and CHEMBL216163 had the highest inhibition with affinity energies of -7.9 kcal/mol, -8.2 kcal/mol, -8.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Amino acid residues that played a role in ligand and receptor interactions were Ser684, Asp690, Lys691, Lys692.

Mitochondria are important organelles for cellular physiology as they generate most of the energy requirements of the cell and orchestrate many biological functions. Dysregulation of mitochondrial function is associated with many pathological conditions, including cancer development. Mitochondrial glucocorticoid receptor (mtGR) is proposed as a crucial regulator of mitochondrial functions via its direct involvement in the regulation of mitochondrial transcription, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), enzymes biosynthesis, energy production, mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and regulation of oxidative stress. Moreover, recent observations revealed the interaction of mtGR with the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a key player in the metabolic switch observed in cancer, indicating direct involvement of mtGR in cancer development. In this study, by using a xenograft mouse model of mtGR-overexpressing hepatocarcinoma cells, we showed increased mtGR-associated tumor growth, which is accompanied by reduced OXPHOS biosynthesis, reduction in PDH activity, and alterations in the Krebs cycle and glucose metabolism, metabolic alterations similar to those observed in the Warburg effect. Moreover, autophagy activation is observed in mtGR-associated tumors, which further support tumor progression via increased precursors availability. Thus, we propose that increased mitochondrial localization of mtGR is associated with tumor progression possible via mtGR/PDH interaction, which could lead to suppression of PDH activity and modulation of mtGR-induced mitochondrial transcription that ends up in reduced OXPHOS biosynthesis and reduced oxidative phosphorylation versus glycolytic pathway energy production, in favor of cancer cells.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of climate change on Greek agriculture, by evaluating and refining the current policy measures and interventions to address them through the lens and funding opportunities of the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023–2027. To this end, we conducted a diagnostic analysis of the current strategic framework in Greece and provided policy recommendations around five key areas: education, consulting services, agri-food cooperation, coupling of innovation, and digitalization, as well as risk management on climate change. Overall, we found that the national strategic framework is consistent with the objectives and priorities of European policies regarding the environment and the climate, but targeted actions are needed to enable the management of the Greek agricultural sector while addressing the risks of climate change, environmental degradation, and the excessive use of natural resources. The findings highlight the importance of much-needed revisions in national strategic planning. We have suggested key interventions and actions for dealing with climate change with regards to Greek agriculture and the overarching goals of the new CAP to promote sustainability, knowledge, and innovation in the agri-food sector.

The effect of the galvanic corrosion process taking place between aluminium alloy (AA2024-T3) and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) immersed in 0.05 M NaCl was studied using organic and inorganic compounds as corrosion inhibitors. Electrochemical approaches such as electrochemical noise analysis (ENA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to evaluate efficiencies of 1,2,4-triazole (C2H3N3) and cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) as corrosion inhibitors. The highest efficiency was reached for Ce(NO3)3.6H2O, with some improvement observed by adding C2H3N3 in a mixed inhibitor solution. The noise resistance (Rn) and polarization resistance (Rp) values calculated from ENA and EIS data showed almost identical behavior with different magni­tudes but similar trends. Adsorption isotherm models estimated with fractional surface coverage (q) parameter were fitted better to Langmuir model for C2H3N3 and Temkin model for Ce(NO3)3·6H2O. The calculated values of Gibbs free energy suggested physi­sorption and chemisorption as spontaneous interactions between a metal surface and both inhibitors. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out before and after immersing AA2024-T3 in the electrolyte, identifying rich zones in copper with cerium deposited over it and confirming the presence of rare-earth oxide deposition and oxide film products. The EDS analysis for CFRP revealed the deposition of Ce and Al particles over its surface after immersion in the electrolyte, especially in the areas rich in carbon.

Given the importance of menstrual blood in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and the multifunctional roles of menstrual mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) in regenerative medicine, this issue has gained prominence in the scientific community. Moreover, recent reviews highlight how robust the integrated assessment of omics data are for endometriosis. To our knowledge, no study has applied the multi-omics approaches to endometriosis MenSCs. This is a case-control study at a university-affiliated hospital. MenSCs transcriptome and proteome data were obtained by RNA-seq and UHPLC-MS/MS detection. Among the differentially expressed proteins and genes, we emphasize ATF3, ID1, ID3, FOSB, SNAI1, NR4A1, EGR1, LAMC3, and ZFP36 genes and MT2A, TYMP, COL1A1, COL6A2, and NID2 proteins that were already reported in the endometriosis. Our functional enrichment analysis reveals integrated modulating signaling pathways such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (↑) and PI3K signaling via AKT to mTORC1 (↓ in proteome), mTORC1 signaling, TGF beta signaling, TNFA signaling via NFkB, IL6 STAT3 signaling, and response to hypoxia via HIF1A targets (↑ in transcriptome). Our findings highlight primary changes in the endometriosis MenSCs, suggesting that the chronic inflammatory endometrial microenvironment can modulate these cells, providing opportunities for endometriosis etiopathogenesis. Moreover, they identify challenges for future research leveraging knowledge for regenerative and precision medicine in endometriosis.

We study the interaction between benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) molecules with ZnO(100) surface by means of density functional theory-based calculations. We find that these interactions result in the physical adsorptions of BTEX gases with adsorption distances larger than 2 Å. These adsorptions are governed by the van der Waals interaction instead of the covalent interaction. We also find that the trend of the strength of BTX adsorptions on ZnO(100) surface is in line with the experimental trend of sensitivity of ZnO material towards BTX gases (benzene < tolune < xylene). We explain this relation by using one of the sensing mechanism within the ionosorption model. By using this relation, we also predict that the response of ZnO towards ethylbenzene will be similar to the response towards toluene since these two molecules have similar adsorption energies on ZnO(100) surface.

Increased maternal food intake is considered a normal pregnancy adjustment. However, the overavailability of nutrients may lead to dysregulated fetal development and increased adiposity, with long-lasting effects on offspring in later life. Several gut-hormone molecules regulate maternal appetite, with both their orexigenic and anorectic effects being in a state of sensitive equilibrium. The aim of this manuscript is to systematically review literature on the effects of maternal gut-hormone molecules on fetal growth and metabolism, birth weight and the later metabolic health of offspring. Maternal serum ghrelin, leptin, IGF-1 and GLP-1 appear to influence fetal growth; however, a lack of consistent and strong correlations of maternal appetite axis hormones with birth weight and the concomitant correlation with fetal and birth waist circumference may suggest that these molecules primarily mediate fetal energy deposition mechanisms, preparing the fetus for survival after birth. Dysregulated intrauterine environments seem to have detrimental, sex-dependent effects on fetal energy stores, affecting not only fetal growth, fat mass deposition and birth weight, but also future metabolic and endocrine wellbeing of offspring.

According to Bernal (1951) minerals may have played important roles in the origin of life such as: protect biomolecules against degradation by UV radiation or hydrolysis, pre-concentrate biomolecules from prebiotic seas and formation of polymers. Today quartz is widely distributed on Earth as well as was widely distributed on the prebiotic Earth. There are several works showing the quartz dissolution, this work shows for the first time, quartz dissolution under prebiotic chemistry conditions. The experiments were carried out with and without adenine and thymine dissolved in several artificial seawaters, distilled water and alkaline distilled water (pH = 11.0). It should be noted that seawater 4.0 Ga resembles the major cations and anions of the sea of the prebiotic Earth. The quantification of dissolved quartz in different seawater, the measurement of pH and of conductivity were performed daily for a 35 day period, at a controlled temperature (30 °C). The dissolution was dependent of water salinity and especially of pH. Depending on the artificial seawater, adenine and thymine can either accelerate the quartz dissolution or protect it. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i6.1152

Synthesis of Imine derivates used as antibacterial activity has been done. Synthesis was conducted by condensation reaction between piperonal and aniline. The product synthesis was characterized by melting point, LC-MS, FTIR and 1H-NMR, then application of the product as antibacterial towards bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The product of synthesis was pale-brown solid, and had melting point at 56-61 0C. Identification by LC-MS showed the compound molecular weight was 225.30 gram/mol, identification by FTIR showed a compound contained imine C=N at 1620.21 cm-1, C-H aromatic at 1581.63 cm-1, Csp3-H at 2962.37 cm-1 from CH2, and C-O at 1265.30 cm-1, Identification by 1H-NMR showed a compound had a singlet peak at δ=6 ppm that proton was from the CH2, multiplet peak at δ=6.9-7.7 ppm proton from two aromatics and singlet peak at δ=8.4 ppm from proton imine. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the product towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 1 mg/mL with diameter inhibition zone 2 mm and 3 mm. From these data it could be concluded that the compound 3,4- methlenedioxybenzilyimine was formed and it had ability as an antibacterial agent.

Chiral graphene nanoribbons are extremely interesting structures due to their narrow band gaps and potential development of spin-polarized edge states. Here, we study their band structure on low work function silver surfaces. The use of a curved Ag single crystal provides, within the same sample, regions of disparate step structure and step density. Whereas the former leads to distinct azimuthal growth orientations of the graphene nanoribbons atop, the latter modulates the substrate’s work function and thereby the interface energy level alignment. In turn, we disclose the associated charge transfer from the substrate to the ribbon and assess its effect on the nanoribbon’s properties and the edge state magnetization.

Nanocarriers are delivery platforms of drugs, peptides, nucleic acids and other therapeutic molecules that are indicated for severe human diseases. Gliomas are the most frequent type of brain tumor, with glioblastoma being the most common and malignant type. The current state of glioma treatment requires innovative approaches that will lead to efficient and safe therapies. Advanced nanosystems and stimuli-responsive materials are available and well-studied technologies that may contribute to this effort. The present study deals with the development of functional chimeric nanocarriers composed of a phospholipid and a diblock copolymer, for the incorporation, delivery and pH-responsive release of the antiglioma agent TRAM-34 inside glioblastoma cells. Nanocarrier analysis included light scattering, protein incubation and electron microscopy, and fluorescence anisotropy and thermal analysis techniques were also applied. Biological assays were carried out in order to evaluate the nanocarrier nanotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, as well as to evaluate antiglioma activity. The nanosystems were able to successfully manifest functional properties under pH conditions, and their biocompatibility and cellular internalization were also evident. The chimeric nanoplatforms presented herein have shown promise for biomedical applications so far and should be further studied in terms of their ability to deliver TRAM-34 and other therapeutic molecules to glioblastoma cells.

This paper aims to present a preliminary study of control reference parameters for stance assistance among different subjects and walking speeds using a passive-controlled ankle foot orthosis. Four young male able-bodied subjects with varying body mass indexes (23.842 ± 4.827) walked in three walking speeds of 1, 3, and 5 km/h. Two control references, average ankle torque (aMa), and ankle angular velocity (aω), which can be implemented using a magnetorheological brake, were measured. Regression analysis was conducted to identify suitable control references in the three different phases of the stance. The results showed that aω has greater correlation (p) with body mass index and walking speed compared to aMa in the whole stance phase (p1(aω) = 0.666 > p1(aMa) = 0.560, p2(aω) = 0.837 > p2(aMa) = 0.277, and p3(aω) = 0.839 > p3(aMa) = 0.369). The estimation standard error (Se) of the aMa was found to be generally higher than of aω (Se1(aMa) = 2.251 > Se1(aω) = 0.786, Se2(aMa) = 1.236 > Se2(aω) = 0.231, Se3(aMa) = 0.696 < Se3(aω) = 0.755). Future studies should perform aω estimation based on body mass index and walking speed, as suggested by the higher correlation and lower standard error as compared to aMa. The number of subjects and walking speed scenarios should also be increased to reduce the standard error of control reference parameters estimation.

Iron(III) acetate was synthesized by the reflux method using iron enriched in the 57Fe isotope and the compound processed by freeze-drying. The as-synthesized and freeze-dried acetates were characterized regarding their structural, thermal, vibrational and hyperfine properties. Similar diffractometric and spectroscopic results were found for both materials and also for an industrial acetate made with natural iron. However, the microstructures differed: the as-synthesized compound showed flake morphology with micrometric dimensions, whereas the freeze-dried showed flake morphology with sub-micrometric dimensions. The activation energies for thermal decomposition, calculated from the exothermic events occurring in differential scanning calorimetry measurements, were 100.9 kJ/mol (as-synthesized) and 114.7 kJ/mol (freeze-dried).