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This research was conducted with the aim to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and product innovation on marketing performance in culinary MSMEs in Kesambi District. This research method uses quantitative research methods. The results showed that the first hypothesis was accepted, which means that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on the marketing performance of the Research. The results showed that the second hypothesis was accepted, which means that market orientation has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. The results showed that the third hypothesis was accepted, which means that product innovation has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. The results showed that the fourth hypothesis was accepted, which means that Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation and Product Innovation have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on marketing performance. Based on the results of the analysis that has been described regarding the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and product innovation on the marketing performance of culinary MSMEs in the city of Cirebon, especially in Kesambi District, it is concluded that Entrepreneurial Orientation has a positive and significant effect on Marketing Performance. Market Orientation has a positive and significant effect on Marketing Performance. Product Innovation has a positive and significant effect on Marketing Performance. Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation and Product Innovation have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on marketing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid economic growth, intense competition, and rising environmental concerns are compelling businesses to attain sustainable performance and preserve long‐run interests. Considering the lack of EO in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the emerging context of Pakistan, the present study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on sustainable business performance (economic, environmental, and social) by drawing perspective from dynamic capabilities and resource‐based views. The mediating role of innovation capabilities between EO‐sustainable performance and the moderating effect of technology dynamism on the EO‐innovation capabilities link is also examined. Data from 408 Pakistani SMEs was analyzed using the structural equation modeling. The findings reveal a direct positive influence of EO on sustainable performance. Furthermore, innovation capabilities are found to mediate the EO‐sustainable performance relationship, while technology dynamism positively moderates the EO‐innovation capabilities link. These results emphasize the importance of aligning EO with innovation capabilities to adapt to technological changes in the industrial regime. The theoretical contributions emphasize the importance of promoting EO‐innovation capabilities. Practical contributions imply that entrepreneurs should create an enabling environment that fosters innovation capabilities within SMEs to enhance sustainable performance, especially in resource‐constrained emerging settings. The study also offers researchers a foundation for further investigations in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) with social networks (SNs) as a mediator and the business environment (BE) as a moderator among Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in Cambodia. Using a snowballing sampling methodology, the study gathered data from 103 SMEs to undertake the moderation-mediation analysis. The findings show that SN mediates and BE moderates the association between EO and SCA, demonstrating that entrepreneurs focus on leveraging external resources to compete in the marketplace, especially when embedded in a highly dynamic but hostile BE. The evidence shows that a profound understanding of small business internationalisation and operational factors can assist home and host governments to support better the relocation and functioning of SMEs abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This article aims to determine how companies in the SME sector modify their business strategies in response to changes in the external environment. The research focused on modifications to entrepreneurial strategies expressed through the fundamental dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO): risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. Additionally, it identified which types of reactions (modifications in strategies) lead to the most favorable changes in firm performance. The external environment was determined based on the market situation that resulted from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: This is quantitative research. The study utilized data from 126 small printing businesses operating throughout Poland. Analyses were conducted on the data that reflected modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors and performance during three periods: the pre-crisis period, the initial phase of the crisis (the full lockdown period), and the second phase of the crisis (the period of easing the restrictions). The identification of the behavior types was carried out using cluster analysis. FINDINGS: The results of the research led to the conclusion that, with a change in market conditions, companies significantly change their levels of EO. In particular, the surveyed companies reduced their levels of EO during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, this decrease was mainly due to significant decreases in risk-taking. The levels of EO increased when the conditions improved due to significant increases in innovativeness and proactiveness. Moreover, the analysis enabled the identification of four types of reactions to the emergence of the crisis as well as three types of reactions to the improvement of the external conditions that resulted from the easing of restrictions and the introduction of anti-crisis support measures for businesses. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the type of reaction had a significant impact on the changes in the performances of the examined companies. In particular, it was shown that the lowest decline in performance during the initial phase of crisis could be observed in passive enterprises, i.e., those that did not modify their entrepreneurial strategies (did not alter their levels of individual dimensions of EO). The greatest increase in performance was achieved during the period of easing restrictions by those companies that significantly enhanced their activities across all of the considered dimensions of EO. IMPLICATIONS: The research results provided insights for entrepreneurs in strategic management. Specifically, they learned about the modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors that could lead to the most favorable and optimal improvements in a firm's performance when market conditions change. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The study contributes to the literature concerning reactions to changes in market conditions. This innovative approach considers dynamics where the changes themselves are variables. In particular, this research identifies types of entrepreneurial reactions to market condition changes in terms of dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, it provides an answer to how firm performance evolved regarding various reaction types (using the example of the printing industry). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been done in Paranaque City on the relationship between organizational performance and entrepreneurial orientation, product innovation, and differentiation strategies. The purpose of this study was to identify potential strategies for creating small-business owners of successful coffee shops who could continue to provide high-quality goods and services. Based on a representative sample of 153 micro entrepreneurs aged 20 to 41 and above, an indication was obtained from the small coffee shop entrepreneurs' survey. Based on the entrepreneur's personal and business profile, the researcher used multiple linear regression technique to identify changes pertaining to business and small coffee shop entrepreneurs in terms of demographic features, entrepreneurial orientation, product innovation, and differentiation strategies, use of resources, organizational structure, and organizational performance. The findings demonstrated the empowerment of small coffee shop owners in Paraaque City, as evidenced by the independent variable of entrepreneurial orientation, the dependent variables of organizational performance and the entrepreneur's individual business profile, and the mediating variables of product innovation and differentiation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Recent high-profile ethical scandals in start-up organizations have made people wonder whether entrepreneurship may cultivate a work environment with less emphasis on ethics. This study examined a psychological process about how an organization's entrepreneurial orientation (EO) can affect its treatment of probationary employees, a vulnerable yet understudied group of workers. Design/methodology/approach: The authors recruited 241 participants through Amazon Mechanical Turk. They answered an online survey about their experiences as probationary employees. Findings: This study found that job feedback and meaning moderated the relationship between EO and ethical climate, such that this relationship was statistically significant and positive only among participants who reported high levels of feedback and job meaning. Ethical climate, in turn, was found to be related to a reduction in workplace incivility experienced by probationary employees. The indirect effect of EO on incivility via ethical climate was contingent on job feedback and meaning. Research limitations/implications: This study extends the discussion on the entrepreneurial context, adds to EO literature with findings on its indirect effect on nonfinancial performance and reinforces institutional theory through job characteristics' moderating roles. However, a methodological limitation is conducting a cross-sectional single-source survey due to limited access to firms and probationary employees, considering the hidden population involved. Practical implications: This study found no evidence of probationary employee exploitation in high EO organizations. Job seekers should embrace probationary work at start-ups. Entrepreneurial leaders should balance being proactive, innovative and caring toward employees. Originality/value: It is debatable whether entrepreneurship leads to unethical organizational conduct. By studying a vulnerable group of employees, the authors discovered that EO, when paired with favorable job design factors, can create a more ethical workplace where temporary talents are treated with dignity and respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine COVID-19 as an external enabling mechanism and propose the interplay between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) beliefs and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) may help explain why some small firms are enabled to exploit disequilibrating environmental changes. We predict that ESE's relationship with performance is mediated through its strategic posture, and the perceived impact of COVID moderates this relationship. We test our moderated-mediation model using data collected over multiple waves from a sample of 190 small business owners. While our findings suggest that an entrepreneur's self-efficacy may contribute to firm performance alone, it appears insufficient to mitigate the perceived negative consequences caused by the pandemic. However, ESE may play a pivotal role when channeled through the firm's strategic orientation. Our results suggest embracing an entrepreneurial orientation is appropriate for navigating stiff economic headwinds and unprecedented uncertainty. Still, the benefits of such a posture can be fully realized only when entrepreneurial self-efficacious managers lead the firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global trend of sustainable development, traditional nonprofit organizations are facing the challenge of economic value creation. Entrepreneurship offers a possibility for nonprofit organizations to survive with innovative business methods. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) reflects the degree of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk‐taking in terms of organizational entrepreneurial behavior. Research on the mechanisms of EO formation in a social context is still in the exploratory stage. While a large number of studies have explored dimensional modifications to EO, it has yet to consider how EO in a social context is affected at the individual level. To address this gap, we explain the potential impact of social entrepreneurs' core self‐evaluation (CSE) on EO from social cognitive theory using a sample of Chinese social enterprises. The findings suggest that CSE has a significant positive effect on EO. We also distinguish the partially mediating role played by the two approaches and avoidance motives. The findings also suggest that the high socioeconomic status of social entrepreneurs strengthens the relationship between CSE and EO, as well as the relationship between CSE and both motives. Our findings provide valuable insights into the decision‐making behavior of social enterprises for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Start-up subsidies play an important role in supporting start-up innovation and performance. However, what characteristics help and hinder start-ups to seek public subsidies remains unclear. We study whether and how founder personality links to entrepreneurs' seeking of start-up subsidies. We argue that greater founders' openness, extraversion, and entrepreneurial orientation enhance seeking of start-up subsidies, while greater founders' agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism inhibit it. Additionally, we argue that entrepreneurial orientation plays a mediating role in the relationship between big five personality traits and start-up subsidies. We find evidence for a positive role of founder entrepreneurial orientation. While we find little evidence for a direct association between founders' big five personality and subsidies, we document an indirect link through entrepreneurial orientation. We also show that personality is not associated with bank financing and borrowing from family and friends while the patterns for venture capital financing are similar to those for subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial intention is an important concept for understanding and promoting entrepreneurship. It is a strong predictor of entrepreneurial behavior, and it can lead to a number of positive benefits for individuals, society, and the economy. This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurial intention (EI) on entrepreneurial orientation (EO). It also examines the intervening role of environmental uncertainty (EU). The data were collected from 150 entrepreneurs from active enterprises in the 3 major cities of Pakistan. The information was gathered through a closed-ended questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, EI impacts positively on EO and EU. Furthermore, EU plays a significant intervening role between EI and EO. The results of this study offer valuable information that the owners of businesses and the Ministry of Commerce may use to support entrepreneurial activities in Pakistan. This may ensure the efficient operation and elimination of organizations' failure to appropriately launch their businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectuation research suggests that effectuation is most appropriate in pure uncertain conditions. However, effectuation research is unclear about how decision-makers respond to varying levels of perceived uncertainty. Behavioral decision-making research suggests that as uncertainty increases, decision-makers may attempt to protect the status quo rather than engage in new opportunities. The present study combines these thoughts to derive a curvilinear relationship between uncertainty and effectuation, providing a more realistic picture of decision-making logic applied by entrepreneurs of small businesses. We also argue that the curvilinear relationship is moderated by the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the firm. We find, based on data from four samples of 990 entrepreneurs in three emerging economies,support for the curvilinear relationship and the negative moderating effect of EO. Our findings contribute to effectuation theory by extending its theoretical boundaries to include a spectrum of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to assess the role of the relationships between organizations in shaping entrepreneurial performance. In particular, I tested the mediating role of inter-organizational cooperation and competition in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. Research Design & Methods: This quantitative study used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test hypotheses reflecting relationships among variables. I present the relationships in the research model. The research sample consisted of 117 one- and two-star hotels operating across Poland. Findings: The most original finding refers to the mediating role of relationships among organizations. In particular, the study unveiled the mediating role of both competitive and collaborative orientation in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance. In both cases mediation was partial. Thus, collaborative behaviours may be as important as competitive ones in transforming entrepreneurial approach into performance. Additionally, the findings confirm the positive impact of EO on competitive and collaborative orientation, as well as the positive impact of these three factors on firm performance. Implications & Recommendations: This study indicates that both entrepreneurs and researchers should consider inter-organizational relationships as a factor that can enhance entrepreneurial efforts. Thus, these relationships can play an important role in managerial practice and they can be a subject of research focused on organizational entrepreneurship. Regarding theory development, I recommend further studies on collaborative behaviours in pursuing and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities; specifically, future studies can test presented relationships in other contexts (other industries, countries, and organization types). Moreover, I recommend the inclusion of other variables which can affect the tested relationships as they can help to explain the contingencies related to the tested model. Finally, further testing and improvement of used constructs (especially those reflecting cooperation and competition) are recommended. Contribution & Value Added: This study's findings contribute to the literature on entrepreneurship and interorganizational relationships. Specifically, this study explains the role of two opposite postures, namely, cooperation and competition, in the context of entrepreneurial orientations. With its findings, the study augments our understanding of entrepreneurial posture and sheds new light on the operationalization of entrepreneurial orientation, which highlights the role of competing behaviours and omits collaborative actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in the economic growth of a country. The contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's GDP experienced a depression due to the emergence of Covid-19 at the beginning of 2020. However, two years after the government declared pandemic for Indonesia, the performance of MSMEs has begun to recover from its downturn. This is shown by the increase in the contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's GDP and employment in Indonesia. Moreover, the performance of MSMEs in Bandar Lampung City has also experienced an improvement as shown by an increase in MSME profits. This research aims to analyze the influence of knowledge management and entrepreneurial orientation on business performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as well as the mediating effect of competitive advantage in this relationship. This research uses a quantitative approach to draw conclusions from the proposed hypothesis. Sample was selected using the census method so that the total sample was 44 respondents who were SMEs registered in Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kota Bandar Lampung. Data collection method uses a questionnaire and the data is analyzed using SEM-PLS with the bootstrap method. The results show that knowledge management, entrepreneurial orientation, and competitive advantage have a direct and significant influence on business performance. Furthermore, competitive advantage was also found to play a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge management and entrepreneurial orientation on business performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being acknowledged as the primary catalyst for economic development, entrepreneurship in emerging markets contends with multiple constraints. The availability of unexploited business opportunities certainly raises the entrepreneurial potential of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Entrepreneurial orientation strategy strongly supports SMEs to improve their position in the market by instilling the courage to explore new prospects and take risks, promote innovation, act proactively on the market, and establish autonomy and competitive aggressiveness as norms in their operations. This research focuses on the entrepreneurial orientation approach as a key firm-level phenomenon and its influence on business performance in emerging markets. More specifically, the study elaborates on SMEs' risk-taking, innovativeness, pro-activeness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness under the moderating influence of unexploited opportunities. A multiple-case study technique was used to develop the five propositions generated from the conceptual framework of the study. Six companies operating in the private healthcare sector in North Macedonia actively participated in the research, contributing a substantial body of data. According to the study findings, the unexploited opportunities have a reasonably large effect on SMEs' entrepreneurial orientation activities and corresponding performance. Nonetheless, despite the hostile entrepreneurial environment, SMEs have demonstrated boldness in taking risks, initiating innovation, and continuity in taking proactive actions in the private healthcare industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EO literature suggests that the effects of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on performance is affected by studying context. There is a lack of study executed in transitional economies. In addition, the mediating role of differentiation advantages (DA) and innovation capability (IC) on the relationship between EO and performance remains underexplored. Thus, drawing upon resource-based view and contingency theory, this study examines the mediating effects of DA and IC on this relationship in the contexts of manufacturing SMEs located in Vietnam. A sample of 176 manufacturing SMEs currently operating in Vietnam was analyzed. Partial least square structural equation modeling was applied to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that DA and IC fully mediate the relationship between EO and performance. These findings permit four theoretical contributions to the literature. First, this study contributes to the EO literature by examining the effects of EO in a transitional economy as Vietnam. Second, this study also overcomes prior EO studies in term of the operationalization of the performance. Third, this study introduces to EO literature two novel mediators such as DA and IC. Last but not least, this study it also contributes to contingency theory in EO study by addressing mediating rather moderating effects. Regarding to practical implications, managers of manufacturing SMEs should aware that adopting EO is only beneficial to the performance when EO can be used to develop DA and IC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has found that entrepreneurs' empathy promotes personal opportunity identification. However, the role that entrepreneurs' empathy plays at the firm level in new ventures is still unclear. This study explores this question by investigating how perspective taking and empathic concern, which respectively represent the cognitive and affective component of entrepreneurs' empathy, influence new venture performance with the mediating effects of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Based on an empirical study with 341 new ventures, this research finds a positive relationship between perspective taking and new venture performance and a curvilinear relationship between empathic concern and new venture performance. In addition, both of these relationships are mediated by EO. This study sheds light on distinct impacts of the entrepreneur's perspective taking and empathic concern at the firm level, enriches the antecedents of EO from the cognitive and affective factors of the entrepreneur, and extends the implications of the entrepreneur's altruistic dispositions in commercial start-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the resource-based view, we propose a model to understand the roles of human capital, market and entrepreneurial orientation, absorptive capacity and ways to improve performance with an effective innovation strategy for hospitality development. We combine the Fuzzy Delphi Method, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory and analytic network process to demonstrate the interactions and relations among critical criteria by using data from 20 Taiwanese restaurant entrepreneurs obtained in 2015–2017. The positive effects of human capital, market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity on innovation performance are confirmed. These findings advance resource-based scholarship and highlight the value of understanding the relationship between a restaurant's tangible and intangible resources for hospitality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, Indonesia had a severe economic crisis, which prompted the Indonesian government to face significant pressure to promptly initiate governmental reform. There is a prevailing desire among the general public for enhancements in governance, with one aspect of this being the implicit need for improvements in government performance. This study investigates the role of service innovation as a mediator in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning capability, and organizational performance. The study was conducted at the Directorate General of State Assets Management (DGSAM) in Indonesia. The questionnaires were collected from a total of 226 head offices, specifically from the heads of sections under the vertical agency of DGSAM, which is the State Assets and Auction Service Office (Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang/KPKNL). Quantitative approach was employed in order to elucidate, substantiate, and exemplify the hypothesis posited in the investigation pertaining to the observed events. The statistical technique employed for data processing was Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This study demonstrates a significant and positive correlation between entrepreneurial approach and organizational learning capability, and both service innovation and organizational success. However, it is determined that service innovation does not act as a mediator in the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and organizational learning capability in terms of organizational performance. The anticipated outcomes of this study are expected to make significant contributions to the field of science and its associated stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study analyzes the main dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) - propensity inseridofor innovation, risk propensity, and proactivity - that contributed to the growth of Micro, Small and Mediumsized Enterprises (MSMEs) during the crisis caused by Covid-19. Method: A quantitative analysis was carried out using the t test paired with 102 MSMEs managers to understand which main aspects of EO contributed to the performance of their companies. Results: The results show that the presence of a proactive element in MSMEs influences the increase in their revenues in a crisis period. Nevertheless, the significance of characteristics prone to innovation and risks in MSMEs for their growth in a period of crisis is not confirmed. Limitations: the sample used in this research could be larger and the concept of EO is based only on its three main dimensions. As there is no consensus in the literature on the dimensionality of the EO construct, other applications using different concepts are suggested. Theoretical and practical implications: The research shows how the EO drives MSMEs in a crisis context, notably through its proactivity dimension. In a practical way, the paper reveals that EO in MSMEs is strongly present in the leader's figure, as well as it is related to its personality, playing an important role to boost the business in a period of crisis. Originality: This study allows to know which aspects of EO are more decisive in the growth of MSMEs in periods of widespread recession. Thus, entrepreneurs will be able to assess how much they consider EO dominant perspectives for the growth of their businesses. It also contributes both to the discussion on the recovery of the economy and the literature on EO, which does not yet show how this construct operates in the context of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Business & Entrepreunership is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public enterprises and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have similar goals in the eyes of the state. SMEs that get government or public bodies funding can make it a public enterprise. These enterprises in Indonesia face challenges due to limited resources, low market reach, and low marketing expertise. They must leverage their marketing capabilities effectively and adopt strategic approaches such as entrepreneurial orientation and digital marketing. This study explores digital marketing mediation and marketing capabilities in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and marketing performance in public enterprises. Survey techniques were used for this study, and data were obtained from 176 respondents who are entrepreneurs who use social media in their marketing activities. Data are processed and analysed using smartPLS. The results of this study show that entrepreneurial orientation significantly affects marketing capabilities, digital marketing and marketing performance in MSEs. Digital marketing and market capabilities have a direct positive influence on marketing performance. In addition, digital marketing and market capabilities mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and marketing performance. Marketing capabilities mediate the relationship between digital marketing and marketing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of entrepreneurial attitudes, motivation and orientation on the entrepreneurial competitive advantage of innovative entrepreneurs in the tourism and hospitality industry, including those involved with bed and breakfasts, travel agencies and restaurants. Design/methodology/approach: First, the sample for this study was selected through news media reporting on well-known new entrepreneurs, from lists of those entrepreneurs who have won innovation entrepreneurship loan subsidies from the government and from lists of those who have won innovation awards. Second, a pretest was used to confirm the feasibility of the questionnaire. The pretest survey was distributed to a total of 150 tourism and hospitality entrepreneurs. A total of 8 dimensions/facets and 36 items were confirmed. Finally, data collection took place for 9 months. A total of 1,150 questionnaires were distributed, and 606 questionnaires were recovered. Findings: This study proposes a new multi-integration model of moderation-mediation analysis. The innovative business model explores the relationship between entrepreneurial factors and competitive advantage. Based on a survey of 606 staff members and managers of tourism and hospitality firms, entrepreneurs in the tourism and hospitality industry with entrepreneurial attitudes and motives had opportunities to increase their entrepreneurial orientation. Practical implications: In the process of innovative entrepreneurship, whether through organizational learning or other enterprise cooperation, it is necessary to pay more attention and propose different environmental management strategies. In addition, this study also found that marketing uncertainty moderates between entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial motives. Entrepreneurial motives are more conservative than other motives, and there is increased confidence in investing in innovative entrepreneurship in stable environments. Originality/value: This study indicates that innovative entrepreneurial tourism and hospitality firms have a mediating or moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitudes and positional advantage. If used properly, these resources can help the new entrants in the tourism and hospitality sector avoid the limitations of environmental change, firm size or insufficient information and improve their competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the article is to investigate the environmental dynamism (ED) conditions for entrepreneurial bricolage (EB) to function as the mediator between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and new product development (NPD). Research Design & Methods: This research was conducted using the cross-sectional method surveying 258 entrepreneurs in West Java, while the mediation role of the variables was analysed through macro PROCESS for SPSS developed by An-drew F. Hayes (Hayes, 2018). Findings: The results showed that the influence of entrepreneurial bricolage is weak as a direct or mediating variable when the environmental dynamism is high or strong but has a strong mediating effect when the environmental conditions are stable. Implications & Recommendations: To add to the body of knowledge on entrepreneurship, this research investigated the role of environmental dynamism in the direct and mediating relationship between entrepreneurial bricolage and new product development. Contribution & Value Added: The investigation of entrepreneurial bricolage at varying levels of environmental dynamism is expected to make a substantial contribution to the entrepreneurship literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) represents one of the most robust scientific constructs explored by academics in management and entrepreneurship literature, where research mostly focuses on exploring EO as a firm-level or as an individual-level construct. Even though numerous studies found gender differences in EO, there is still a need to further explore differences in gender, experience and education on each of the EO dimensions separately. Therefore, the aim of this study is to further test these effects in a small open economy context such as Croatia. More specifically, by using the linear regression analysis this study will explore direct and moderating effects gender, experience and education have on EO and EO’s dimensions within the context of Croatian SMEs. Results of this study have confirmed that male entrepreneurs are more entrepreneurially oriented and are more proactive than their female counterparts. On the other hand, results indicated no significant gender differences in the level of innovation and risk taking. Furthermore, results demonstrated that gender has a significant and direct effect on EO, and on risk taking as a dimension of EO, however, there are no significant effects of gender on innovativeness and proactiveness. Results also confirmed moderation effects gender has on the relationships between the level of education and EO, innovativeness and proactiveness, where these relationships are moderated as such that the relationships are stronger for women than for men. These findings are very interesting since they place significance on the importance education has on the success of female entrepreneurs. Therefore, findings of this study provide more evidence on how important tailor-made educational programs are for the development of successful female entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an expanded view of the E-S-P (Environment-Strategy-Performance) perspective, this study was based on the ESCAPE model to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance under environmental uncertainty in Taiwan's hospitality and tourism start-ups. The findings from 543 entrepreneurs demonstrate that organizational learning mediated between entrepreneurial orientation and that organization performance is also mediated between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage. Moreover, the findings show that environmental uncertainty strengthens the mediation effect on performance and competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Review is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to encourage entrepreneurs towards innovation and advancement, it is important to ensure that their intellectual property will be protected. Therefore, intellectual property rights are important for the progression of high-tech companies such as the firms working within the biotechnology industry. In this paper, the researcher has explored the impact of intellectual property rights on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial skills in biotechnology firms in Malaysia. For this purpose, data has been collected from 270 respondents working within the biotechnology industry of Malaysia. The regression analysis has been applied to the collected data to reveal that intellectual property laws can positively affect and increase the levels of entrepreneurial skills and orientation within biotechnology firms. Therefore, future research and policymakers must focus on the advancement of policies that can support the increased protection of intellectual property and the development of laws and policies that can help in ensuring increased entrepreneurial orientation and innovation within the high-tech industrial sectors of developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal environment of Chinese enterprises in Thailand. Therefore, the research selects two dimensions of strategic orientation, knowledge creation process and firm performance as measurement criteria. We tested whether entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation affect firm performance through the knowledge creation process. Research reveals new patterns of business performance success and sustainability through core factors. This study uses the structural equation modeling capabilities of Amos version 24.0 to test the model and collects questionnaires from 319 managers of Chinese-funded enterprises in Thailand. The results showed that the knowledge creation process was significantly influenced by entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation (p<.001), and the mediating role of the knowledge creation process was verified. Thus, entrepreneur orientation and customer orientation significantly affect the sustainability of firm performance through the knowledge creation process. In addition, the study found that the strategic orientation of Chinese-funded enterprises in Thailand is stable, the knowledge management existed, and the firm performance is successful, which indicates that the internal environment of Chinese enterprises in Thailand is sustainable. The research results could guide the strategic planning and implementation of the start-up enterprises overseas and help the entrepreneurs who invest overseas to analyze the internal environment of their enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores relationships between Corporate Frugality (CF), Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Crisis Preparedness (CP). CP was proposed as the surrogate measure for firm performance during actual crises. EO is also examined as a potential mediator in the CF-CP association. The hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling with data collected from randomly selected small businesses operating in the Tripolitania region of northwestern Libya during the current economic instability caused by civil unrest. Further, COVID-19 pandemic cases had significantly risen among the population at the time of the study. The findings show that CF can be instrumental in responding to market crisis requirements, while innovativeness only results in better CP and partially mediates the CF-CP association. These findings validate the CF construct, but entrepreneurs must cautiously proceed when exercising EO in response to crises. Furthermore, the study casts new light on how the association between EO dimensions and performance can differ across contexts. Building on the resource-based view and pecking order theory and integrating them with contingency theory, this study is the first to explore the effect of EO and its dimensions as the mediator between CF and CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is one of the performance measurements in the research on sport entrepreneurship. Another measure of performance studied is coopetition (simultaneous collaboration and competition). This study tested how EO might affect coopetition. In total, 106 sport entrepreneurs from the United States participated in a survey. This survey included an experiment measuring participants' coopetition tendency (the dependent variable) and EO (the independent variable). EO affected coopetition. This relationship was negative among sport entrepreneurs who reported training with their potential competitors and positive among sport entrepreneurs who did not report such training. EO-behaviors (developing sport products, services, techniques, equipment, and practices) can encourage sport entrepreneurs towards coopetition. This might especially be the case for sport entrepreneurs who use their skills acquired from sports that they train or trained alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance is the entire indicator of the ability of an organization to satisfy its stakeholders that can be measured in subjective way (Primary data) for SMEs. This study explores the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), looking at the relationship between relational capital and performance. A questionnaire was administered to 150 manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Iran. A model relating relational capital to performance through EO is tested using Smart PLS with two stage analysis, and the results turned out positive. Additionally, results indicate positive relationship between relational capital and EO, as well as EO to performance. The main contribution of this study resides in addressing the signification of EO as key mechanism to transform the advantages of relational capital to improve firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A developing country like India has realized the vital role of Entrepreneurship in economic growth, and mindfulness is very crucial for becoming a successful entrepreneur. The paper examines the relationship of mindfulness with Entrepreneurial orientation and all of its dimensions. The data was collected from 152 working professionals using a purposive sampling technique. MANOVA is performed to measure the impact of independent variables (gender, thought of doing business and level of mindfulness) on dependent variables, i.e., Entrepreneurial Orientation, Innovativeness, Proactiveness and Risk. Firstly, the results conclude that interaction among the combination of mindfulness, thought of doing business and gender variables have an impact on combined entrepreneurial orientation. Secondly, it is found that mindful females who have thought of doing their own business have a stronger entrepreneurial orientation. The presence of more women in leadership roles will contribute to business growth; thus, such talent must be educated and trained for the benefit of the organization and the nation as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the fourth industrial revolution has made fundamental changes to technology, industries, and societal patterns and processes. SMEs are familiarizing themselves with new technological innovations to adapt to the current shifts. SMEs significantly contribute to economic progress by creating jobs, generating revenue, reducing poverty, and launching new ventures, especially in developing economies. However, the contribution of the SMEs in Kurdistan is limited due to the weak capacity to produce technological innovations and the inability to execute manufacturing processes effectively. So, the study aims to investigate the impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EC) and Social Capital (SO) on the Technological Innovation (TI) of Kurdistan SMEs in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. This study used the resource-based theory as the underlying theory for its presumptions, and its model was constructed using self-administered questionnaires. Three hundred forty-four business owners participated in this study, yielding a response rate of 68%. The results of the current study showed that social capital and entrepreneurial orientation both significantly and positively affect technological innovation. The study will contribute to technology innovation adoption among small industrial companies in Kurdistan and reduce potential setbacks for technology adoption, highlighting externally generated knowledge of entrepreneurial orientation and social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of the research aimed at comparing the level of individual dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, i.e., risk-taking, proactiveness, and innovativeness, under different market conditions The study focused primarily on the average value of the individual dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, as well as on their structure in three periods, i.e., before the crisis, the initial phase of the pandemic crisis, and second phase of the crisis. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey in a sample comprising small companies in the printing industry in Poland. Based on the study’s results, it can be concluded that the change in market conditions significantly impacts the level of entrepreneurial orientation, in particular, the level of dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. The findings show that firms are not inclined to take risk during the crisis. In the case of innovation during the deep crisis, its level was significantly lower than before the pandemic. However, as early as in the easing phase, the surveyed companies were achieving innovation at pre-crisis levels. In contrast, during unfavourable conditions, entrepreneurs slightly reduced their proactivity, however, this was not a significant change. In turn, during the period of a slight improvement in market conditions, entrepreneurs significantly increased their proactivity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forming and developing a synergy of empowering actors is needed to create jobs, change the economy, and build a microlens, and institutional logic perspective. The synergy of interest actors is the synergistic relationship built by interest actors. Collective resource capabilities can address community problems and expand community opportunities, supporting individual and community empowerment. They form descriptive qualitative research using a single case study approach. The data collection technique was conducted using an observation participative partition, in-depth interview. Validation with the triangulation method involves sources, methods, and objects from field observations. Results show that SBS is a non-formal entrepreneurship school with a vision of creating young entrepreneurs and developing their potential through a culture of synergy. Strategic implementation of collaborative, action group partnerships in SBS occurs through communication activities. The communication model developed is interpersonal and group communication. Interpersonal communication uses local language messages, while polite language is able to touch and respect individual and group self-esteem. Group communication is one of the concepts in understanding behavior. The leadership developed at SBS leads to visionary leadership. Synergy, leadership, and entrepreneurial orientation impact the independence of alumni students in the form of self-confidence, acting freely in running their business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the role of organizational commercial slack (OCS) in mediating the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and the effectiveness of knowledge transfer (KT) in universities. The paper identifies two types of commercial slack in the university setting: financial and promotional. Four research hypotheses are proposed. Pooled data, that is, a combination of a questionnaire survey of 110 Taiwanese universities with a data set of university KT effectiveness from the Ministry of Education, Taiwan, are collected to test the aforementioned research hypotheses. The empirical results indicate that the EO of a university enables the university to provide appropriate OCS. Furthermore, the commercial slack of a university positively mediates the relationship between EO and KT effectiveness. The paper concludes that developing EO and OCS are crucial for improving the KT effectiveness of a university. Moreover, some managerial and policy implications for promoting EO and OCS in universities are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciências da Administração is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Ciencias da Administracao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research examined and analyzed the performance of embroidery entrepreneurs in Aceh in five regencies consisting of embroidery entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, Bireun, Lhokseumawe, and West Aceh. The sampling method used was Proportional Stratified Sampling, which then carried out random sampling in each city or district and obtained 198 embroidery entrepreneurs. This research used AMOS Structural Equation Model (SEM) as a tool for data analysis. The results revealed that Labor Recruitment, Entrepreneurship Training, and Entrepreneurial Orientation positively influenced Entrepreneurial Commitment and Entrepreneur Performance. Meanwhile, organizational innovation had no positive influence on entrepreneurial commitment and Entrepreneur performance. The entrepreneurial commitment acted out as the intervening variable mediated the relationship between labor recruitment and Entrepreneur Performance (Fully Mediated). The entrepreneurial commitment did not act as an intervening variable and did not mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial training and Entrepreneur Performance (Partially Mediated). The entrepreneurial commitment did not act as an intervening variable and did not mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and Entrepreneur Performance (Partially Mediated). The entrepreneurial commitment did not act as an intervening variable and did not mediate the relationship between organizational innovation and Entrepreneur Performance (Non-Mediated). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While entrepreneurial orientation's role in determining performance of businesses has been empirically established, studies from Africa or an industry-ecosystem perspective have been scarce. Furthermore, the significance of an entrepreneur's vision is often acknowledged but little studied in relation to entrepreneurial outcomes. This study explored vision for growth as an individual entrepreneurial disposition and its relationship with innovation and performance outcomes among industry actors. The study collected self-reported quantitative data from a mixed sampling of value-system actors as representatives of the Kenyan leather industry. SPSS v.21 was used for descriptive statistics and SMART-PLS3 for exploratory and inferential analysis. Vision for growth was shown to determine both innovation and performance while innovation did not mediate the vision for growth and performance link as hypothesized. This study contributes to a further understanding of psychological perspectives of entrepreneurship, especially the vision for growth construct, and its significance to firms in an industry ecosystem. Recommendations are made for further research, training, policy, and practice interventions aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial vision and innovation from an industry-ecosystem perspective for realization of economic benefits in the wake of globalized competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to examine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on strategic alliance decisions between rural banks and financial technology with a case study on People's Credit Banks and Sharia People's Financing Banks in the Malang Financial Services Authority area. This research is quantitative research with data collection methods using questionnaire instruments as a tool to collect data. The study used saturated sampling or census techniques. The sample is a strategic decision maker in BPR and BPRS in the Malang Financial Services Authority (OJK Malang) area which includes Malang City, Malang Regency, Batu City, Pasuruan City, Pasuruan Regency, Probolinggo City and Probolinggo Regency. The results showed that Innovativeness, Proactiveness, and Risk-Taking had a significant and positive effect on strategic alliance decisions between rural banks - fintech companies. That is, the high or low level of Innovativeness, Proactiveness, and Risk-Taking affect the strength or not decisions of BPR's strategic alliance with Fintech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)