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Незважаючи на багаторічний досвід міжнародної анестезіологічної спільноти, седація та анестезія під час ендоскопічних маніпуляцій на шлунково-кишковому тракті залишається фундаментальним аспектом вивчення. У статті наведено аналіз останніх досліджень та публікацій, присвячених особливостям анестезіологічного забезпечення ендоскопічних транспапілярних втручань. Також подані власні результати аналізу проведення тотальних внутрішньовенних анестезій з інтубацією трахеї у пацієнтів, які потребували виконання ендоскопічних маніпуляцій на верхніх відділах шлунково-кишкового тракту, та проаналізовано вплив способу застосованої анестезії на результати ендоскопічних втручань, якість роботи хірургів, задоволеність пацієнтів.

Еволюція лікарських засобів у XXI столітті ознаменувалася істотним підвищенням вимог до їх ефективності та безпеки. При цьому досить жорстким критеріям безпеки відповідає вельми обмежений спектр препаратів, зокрема представники популяції ноотропів, що мають унікальні клініко-фармакологічні можливості. У статті запропоновані варіанти оптимізації ноотропної терапії препаратом Олатропіл, що представляє собою поєднання в одній лікарській формі двох «істинних» ноотропів — аміналону (125 мг) і пірацетаму (250 мг). Подібна комбінація дає можливість одномоментної реалізації комплексу багатосторонніх і різноманітних ефектів щодо центральної нервової системи, що властиві як пірацетаму, так і аміналону, однак досягаються за рахунок принципово різних механізмів дії даних засобів. Таке поєднання дозволяє зменшити в 2 рази терапевтичні дозування кожної з діючих речовин, що, в свою чергу, призводить до зниження частоти виникнення і вираженості можливих побічних ефектів. Фармакологічний потенціал Олатропілу більш вагомий, ніж у звичайних ноотропів, завдяки наявності полівалентної фармакодинаміки, а саме власне ноотропного, антиастенічного, анксіолітичного, вегето- і судиностабілізуючого ефектів. З урахуванням механізмів впливу Олатропіл покликаний одночасно впливати як на когнітивні, так і на вегетативно-емоційні розлади. Препарат є ефективним інструментом терапії різних форм цереброваскулярної патології, покращує когнітивні функції, психічну активність, психоемоційний статус, вегетативні функції, сприятливо впливаючи на якість життя пацієнтів.

The article deals with the actual usage of the Anglo-American proverb The bad apple spoils the whole barrel (also known as The rotten apple injures its neighbor) in contemporary American English. Apart from the proverb, the article considers the separate use of its nominal part, bad/rotten apples, as a separate idiom in its own right. Emphasis is put on the semantic and pragmatic shift that occurs when the idiom is used with quantifiers (e.g. a few) and appears to juxtapose the idiom and the proverb in contemporary American political discourse, especially the one connected to the BLM movement.

The great importance in the development of acute intestinal obstruction (AIO) is the change in intestinal kinetics during pregnancy. In pregnant women, the rhythmic function of the intestine slows down due to an increase in the threshold of excitability of its receptors to biologically active substances. The article provides an overview of modern literary sources on the problem of acute intestinal obstruction in pregnant women. According to foreign literature sources, the incidence of intestinal obstruction in pregnant women is 1:3600–1:66000, and complications of diseases of the digestive system rank 4th among the causes of maternal mortality during pregnancy — 9%. According to domestic scientific sources, the frequency with which intestinal obstruction occurs in pregnant women is 1:40000–1:50000 births, mortality reaches 35–50%, stillbirth — 60–75%. The development of the disease is caused by physiological changes in the body of a pregnant woman. With increasing gestational age there are changes in the anatomical arrangement of the abdominal organs. From the second trimester of pregnancy, the uterus extends beyond the pelvis and gradually occupies the entire abdominal cavity. The increase in the size of the uterus due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscle fibers, amniotic fluid, fetal growth, leads to increased intraabdominal pressure, displacement of the small intestine and lumbar colon up, thereby creating conditions for compression of intestinal loops, nodules, development. The modern classification, clinic, diagnostics and methods of treatment of this surgical pathology are presented. The author presents his own clinical case of acute intestinal obstruction in a 51-year-old pregnant woman with the sixth desired pregnancy, which occurred as a result of assisted reproductive technologies and a large intergenetic interval. Both surgeon and obstetrician-gynecologist treat intestinal obstruction in pregnant women. Conservative treatment is carried out simultaneously with diagnostic procedures. No effect of conservative therapy for 2 hours is an indication for surgery. The main purpose of surgery is to eliminate the causes of intestinal obstruction and restore bowel function. The scope of surgery is determined in each case individually and depends on the type of AIO and the age of the disease. The chosen tactics of the preoperative period, the volume of surgery, anesthesia and adequate management of the postoperative period can cure acute surgical pathology, maintain the desired pregnancy, avoid the development of obstetric and surgical purulent-septic complications. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: sharp bowel obstruction, pregnancy, extracorporal impregnation, large intergenic interval.

A multichannel scintillation spectrometer with a thickness of 2.5X0 has been calibrated on a secondary electron beam with energies of 23−280 MeV at the Pakhra accelerator of the Lebedev Physical Institute. The relative energy resolution of the spectrometer is determined by the electron energy and the spectrometer thickness. The best relative energy resolution of the spectrometer is attained at an electron energy of ~90 MeV; its values are δ = 13 and 9.4% at spectrometer thicknesses of 1.0X0 and 2.5X0, respectively.

The management of intussusception is controversial. Clinical presentation, with the aid of imaging modalities, enables a better selection of patients for the appropriate treatment algorithm. Conservative management versus surgical intervention with bowel resection is considered accordingly. Retrospective review of a computerized database of patients who were admitted with intussusception between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020, in a single tertiary center in Israel. Patients who were treated conservatively were compared to those who underwent surgery. Patients who underwent bowel resection were compared to those that had surgery without a resection. A total of 76 patients were diagnosed with intussusception, and 49 were operated. Bowel resection was performed in 32 cases. 20/76(26%) were successfully managed conservatively. Patients with a lead point (OR = 5.59) and colonic involvement (OR = 13.72) had a higher likelihood for resection. The likelihood of bowel resection was found to be significantly lower with proximal small bowel intussusception (OR = 0.071). Young patients presenting with intussusception may be treated conservatively when adequate criteria are met in order to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.

Objective. Determination of impact of combination, consisted of 3% solution of silicon dioxide and antibacterial preparations, on bacterial cultures of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli. Materials and methods. Clean cultures of bacteria, kept in Collection of Microorganisms in Department of Microbiology and Immunology of Training–Scientific Centre «Іnstitute of Biology and Medicine» of Taras Shevchenko National University: S. aureus (Rosenbach, 1884), P. aeruginosa (Schröter, 1872; Migula, 1900), E. coli (Migula, 1895; Castellani і Chalmers, 1919) were applied. Action of antibacterial preparations cefoperazon, cefoperazon–sulbactam, ampicillin–sulbactam, amicacin, as well as enterosorbent 3% solution of silicon dioxide, was investigated. In the investigation the impact of antibacterial preparations and silicon dioxide together with antibacterial preparations on test–cultures of bacteria was studied, using broth and agarised medium of Muller–Hinton. Results. The data, obtained in the investigation, trust efficacy of combined application of 3% solution of silicon dioxide, owing sorption capacity, with antibacterial preparations in reduction or elimination of subsequent growth of bacterial test–cultures of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli. Combination of 3% solution of silicon dioxide with ampicillin–sulbactam in dilutions 64 and 32 mg/l promotes reduction of the E. coli growth on surface of agarised medium in comparison with the investigation variant without application of 3% solution of silicon dioxide. While polyresistence of P. aeruginosa revealed, 3%solution of silicon dioxide together with cefoperazon–sulbactam in concentrations 8 and 16 mg/l and ceftazidime in concentrations 8, 16, 32, 64 mg/l guarantees bactericidal effect for this microorganism. Growth of P. aeruginosa while application of 3% solution of silicon dioxide in combination with ampicillin–sulbactam in dilutions 8, 16, 32, 64 mg/l was arrested. Application of 3% solution of silicon dioxide in combination with amicacin–sulbactam 16 mg/l inhibits the S. aureus growth, what is observed, when combination of 3% solution of silicon dioxide with amicacin in dilutions 8, 16 mg/l and cefoperazon–sulbactam in dilutions 8, 16 mg/l are exploited. Growth of the microorganism do not evolve in variants of the investigation without 3% solution of silicon dioxide, as well as with him, if amikacin is applied in concentrations 64 and 32 mg/l. Conclusion. The biliary ducts drainage in obturative jaundice of tumoral genesis and subsequent presence of drainage (internal or external) constitute the main risk factors for their colonization by multiresistant microorganisms. At the same time, the biliary ducts drainage in combination with antibioticotherapy is estimated as an urgent method for control of the infection primary focus in an acute cholangitis. Establishing of procedure for application of 3% solution of silicon dioxide in combination with certain groups of antibacterial preparations for microorganisms revealed constitute important measure for bacteriobilia prophylaxis. The further investigations conduction with wider spectrum of antibacterial preparations and 3% solution of silicon dioxide for control of clinically significant species of microorganisms is necessary and perspective.

The possibility of increasing the productivity of drawing mills is being considered. A new criterion for evaluating the increase in productivity is proposed, taking more fully into account the intensification of the process, which can be recommended when choosing options for the manufacture of pipes. Keywords: drawing mill, effectiveness, productivity, drawing, drawing speed. n.v.semenova@urfu.ru

Designs of hodoscopes of nuclear fragments based on quartz and scintillation plates with light pickup by silicon avalanche photodiodes are described. Hodoscopes are planned for use in the BM@N experiment for registration of heavy nuclear fragments near the axis of the heavy ion beam. The results of measurements of light yields in detector elements based on quartz and scintillation plates on the electron beam of the synchrotron "Pakhra" (LPI) are presented. The measured nonuniformity of the light collection shows that readout from both sides of hodoscope detector elements is needed.

The article discusses the issues of diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors of the maxillofacial region on the example of a rare clinical case of aggressive malignant neoplasm of the upper jaw.

According to the Russian standards in the field of information security management (IS), which are authentic international standards, such as [1, 2], the organization must regularly conduct an internal audit of the information security management system. An audit is an independent review and evaluation of an organization's activities by analyzing and evaluating processes, projects, reports, and products. Audit, as an activity, is not static, unchanging, it evolves. From the point of view of leading international audit companies, in particular [3, 4], the current stage of audit evolution is the transition from reactivity (identifying shortcomings after the fact) to proactivity (predicting the results of actions or events before their completion). The validity of the statement for the Russian Internal Audit is confirmed by the results of the IX National Scientific and Practical Conference [5]. The movement towards proactivity in the audit determines the relevance of the following tasks: 1) processing up to 100 % of the information generated by the activity that is the focus of the audit; 2) processing information in a close-to-online mode; 3) the availability of powerful tools for data analysis and modeling on their basis the further development of the investigated events, as well as the appropriate skills of working with it from the auditors. When conducting audits, the auditors have a dilemma – on the one hand, they are obliged to provide the owners/shareholders/management of the organization with data as close as possible to the reliable state of the information security management processes, information about the identified shortcomings and recommendations for their elimination, on the other hand: the audit time is strictly limited; unloading the initial data from the organization's information systems takes considerable time; the data obtained from various information systems and other sources have different, not always standard formats; the tools used have disadvantages, since the most frequently used spreadsheets (MSExcel, LOCalc), due to internal limitations, are no longer able to provide the required functionality. The above-mentioned factors, as well as other factors, such as unwillingness to cooperate, hidden opposition of the personnel of the audited organization, evaluation of the work of auditors only by quantitative indicators (the number of observations or the time spent on one observation), lead to the fact that the checks are carried out superficially. At the same time, shortcomings in the information security management processes can be detected, but it becomes difficult to explain their nature and give effective recommendations to the business auditor. As a result, the goal of independent audits defined in GOST ISO/IEC 27002-2012 – “ensuring confidence in the continued efficiency, adequacy and effectiveness of the organization's approach to information security management” [2] – cannot be achieved. One of the options for eliminating some of the above-mentioned shortcomings is the use of programs developed by the auditors themselves and designed for operational data processing, the so-called “small automation”, during audits. This approach, although it is a low-level link in the chain of automation of audit procedures and, nevertheless, is within the framework of the audit development paradigm in the direction of robotization of procedures and the use of artificial intelligence, which is discussed, for example, in the works [3, 6, 7], and also confirmed by the results of conferences of the Institute of Internal Auditors [8].

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading reasons for background prescribing antibacterial therapy (ABT) in pediatric practice. In 2015, the Russian Pediatric Respiratory Society published a guideline on CAP in children. Objective. To assess compliance with the recommendations of starting ABT for CAP of pediatric inpatients in various regions of the Russia. Materials and methods. We reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients with CAP who were hospitalized in 2017–2018. The study was in 6 regions of the Russia. A total of 793 cases of CAP were studied in children aged 1 month to 16 years. We analyzed data from patients, such as demographic indicators, severity of the disease, the presence and nature of complications, and starting ABT. Results. The patient’s age ranged from 1 month to 16 years (average – 4.33 years). The amount of cases of severe CAP was 5.55%, in the remaining 94.45% of cases there was a moderate CAP. Complications were present among 3.91% of patients. The overwhelming majority of patients received parenteral ABT (more than 89%). In the majority of cases, third-generation cephalosporins (65.2%) were used as starting therapy. Amoxicillin was prescribed in only 4.04% of patients. The combination therapy was used in 13.27% of cases (beta-lactam with macrolides or aminoglycosides used most often). We found a significant discrepancy between the actual practice of the recommendations: excessive use of parenteral and combined ABT, private prescription of 3rd generation cephalosporins and rare prescription of amoxicillin, the use of aminoglycosides (including as monotherapy). Conclusion. The use of antibiotics for CAP in children in Russia is often incorrect, which can reduce the effectiveness of treatment and contribute to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Increased education of pediatricians in ABT and the introduction of antibiotic control is required to address this problem. Key words: children, community-acquired pneumonia, antibiotic therapy

The paper describes an application of relational structure-independent database for the design of user-configurable information system aimed at the intellectual support of clinical risk management in a hospital. The system represents a clinical decision support system (CDSS) and includes three modules: prevention of hospital-acquired adverse events (HA-AE), HA-AE prevention processes and audit of HA-AE cases. Thanks to flexible system configuration and graphic user interface, the clinical experts are able to compose complex knowledge artifacts directly working with the system, without engagement of knowledge engineers for supporting knowledge formalization or highly skilled professionals to ensure the physical layer performance. The successful practical approval of CDSS in a medical facility opens up prospects for a new level of cognitive support for diagnostic and treatment processes, patient safety improvement and healthcare costs reduction.

The characteristics of systems based on Cherenkov counters for monitoring the intensity of a bremsstrahlung photon beam at the S-25R Pakhra accelerator of the Lebedev Physical Institute are presented.

The article discusses the most common causes of maxillary sinus perforation and odontogenic perforated sinusitis in modern conditions. Perforation of the bottom of the cavity of the maxillary sinus is one of the most common complications arising directly during the operation of tooth extraction. The resulting communication between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity should be eliminated as soon as possible in the most optimal way. Rational diagnostics, treatment and methods of prophylactic activities of mentioned above complications were also suggested.

Characteristics of the calibration quasi-monochromatic secondary electron beam of the S-25R “Pakhra” accelerator of the Lebedev Physical Institute, based on the SP-57 magnet are presented. At the electron beam energy of 280 MeV, a collimator diameter in front of trigger counters of 3 mm, and a copper converter thickness of 1–3 mm, the relative energy resolution and beam intensity are δ = 2.2—4.4% and ~16—23 e–/s, respectively.

The article presents a modern view of amoxicillin in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children from point of view of a microbiologist and clinical pharmacologist. Modern microbiological methods have changed the idea of the microbiota of the respiratory tract, however, the etiology of acute bacterial infections of the respiratory tract has not undergone significant changes – Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are still the most common pathogens. Amoxicillin remains the drug of choice for most respiratory infections of bacterial etiology. Inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanate etc.) do not have advantages over amoxicillin in most cases of acute respiratory tract infections, but increase the risk of adverse events. Current data on macrolides, which are widely used in clinical practice, indicate the need to limit their use in acute infections of the respiratory tract due to the increase in resistance of S. pneumoniae and the absence of clinically significant activity against H. influenza. Current information on the resistance of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, as well as available data on the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin, require a review of dosing approaches. The daily dose of amoxicillin in children with acute respiratory infections should not be less than 45–60 mg/kg, and in many cases (acute otitis media, infections caused by H. influenzae or penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains), more than 90 mg/kg/day is required. Amoxicillin has a wide therapeutic range, and therefore the use of high doses of the drug is not associated with a decrease in the safety of therapy.

Objective. To establish the connection between lipemia and course of an acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods. The investigation design: «case - control». There were incorporated 93 patients, suffering an acute pancreatitis. Group «case» - 11 patients with acute pancreatitis and lipemia, Group «control» - 82 patients with acute pancreatitis without lipemia. Interrelationship was investigated in accordance to the relative risk index between lipemia and the factors signs: the acute pancreatitis severity degree, recurrent course of the disease, presence of diabetes mellitus and alcoholic anamnesis. Results. Comparative analysis of rate for the factors signs revealing have established, that possibility of development of severe acute pancreatitis and possibility of the alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis occurrence in groups of patients did not differ statistically meaningful (p > 0.05). While comparing a rate of the acute pancreatitis recurrence and the diabetes mellitus presence in groups of patients there were differences revealed on the significant level: p=0.02 and p=0.04 accordingly. Lipemia constitutes a risk factor for recurrent course of an acute pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus in patients with an acute pancreatitis: relative risk 7.5 (95% CI 1.8 - 26.6, p=0.02), RR 6.1 (95% CI 1.2 - 28.7, p= 0.02) accordingly. Conclusion. Presence of lipemia did not impact the acute pancreatitis severity (p=0.98). Possibility of the acute pancreatitis recurrence in patients with lipemia in 7 times is higher, than in patients with an acute pancreatitis without lipemia (p=0.02). Possibility of diabetes mellitus presence in patients with an acute pancreatitis and lipemia is in 6 times higher, than in patients wihout lipemia (p= 0.02). Timely diagnosis and correction of a dislipoproteinemia constitutes a prophylactic measure, which is capable to lower the rate of an acute pancreatitis recurrence.

The effectiveness of a quality management program of medical care has to meet not just the quality management standards, but also has to be flexible, taking into account the features of a medical organization and the existing problems in the medical care support. The effectiveness of a quality management program is based on feedback, so the quality control of medical care is so important. The study of problems in medical care gives us the ability to improve both, the quality management program of medical care and the quality and scope of medical services constantly.

To increase the reliability of operation and simplify the precise tuning of the beam it is proposed to upgrade the output part of the accelerator "EPOS" NSC KIPT that operates in the range of electron energies 25…35 MeV and beam power up to 12 kW. An additional collimator, beam profile scanner and a wide aperture beam current monitor is offered to install. It is also proposed to upgrade the target station, which will improve the quality of irradiation and improve working conditions for personnel.

Aim of the study To determine the effect of extrapancreatic infection (EPI) on antibacterial resistance of pancreatic infectious agents in patients with acute infected necrotic pancreatitis Materials and Methods A longitudinal retrospective case-control study was conducted. The Object of the study were the patients with infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). The subject of the study was the acquired AMR of pancreatic infection (PI) agents in patients with ANP. The control group included 27 patients who had a positive bacterial culture from sources of PI. 21 patients were included in the risk group, in which the additional source of EPI was recorded. Bacteriological monitoring was conducted in two stages: the primary identification of the agent of PI and the completion of inpatient treatment. Microbiological identification of the pathogen of EPI was performed before the primary determination of the pathogen of PI, and in the interval between stages I and II of the study. According to the results of the resistance profile of PI to AMR, all patients were divided into four clusters: I - patients who identified only antibiotic-sensitive bacterial strains (AMR"-"), II - patients with defined MDR-bacteria (multidrug-resistant), III - patients with XDR-bacteria (extensively drug-resistant), IV - patients with PDR bacteria (pandrug-resistant). Results The presence of EPI in patients with ANP influences the development of AMRs of PI toward increasing XDR and PDR strains (p=0.008 and p=0.04, respectively). In patients with infected ANP with the EPI, the risk of developing XDR infection was 2.4 times higher than the risk of developing this level of AMR in patients with no EPI (RR-2.4 (95% CI-1.16-4.91), p=0.03). EPI increases the risk of PDR PI by 8 times (RR-8.0 (95% CI-1.04-61.5) p=0.04). For each patient with infected ANP with signs of EPI, the risk of developing XDR strains was 36%, and PDR strains - 25%. Conclusions The presence of extrapancreatic sources of infection is a risk factor for development of AMR strains of microorganisms that persist in the sources of pancreatic infection. In this category of patients the risk of identification of extensively resistant strains was increased by 2.4-fold (p=0.03) and PDR strains by 8-fold (p=0.04), compared with patients with infected ANP without EPI.

The article presents a review of scientific works on problems of perinatal care for pregnant women with first-time benign ovarian tumors during this pregnancy. Our interest in these issues is due to the increasing frequency of detection of benign ovarian neoplasms during pregnancy in Ukraine. Diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms during pregnancy is aimed at establishing the nature of this formation (benign or malignant) in order to develop individual tactics for managing this pregnancy. The review of the scientific literature describes the frequency with which ovarian cysts occur during pregnancy and their possible varieties. The histological classification of neoplasms and ovarian cysts is one of the most important because it reflects the understanding of pathogenesis, molecular genetic and biological features of each pathology. Diagnosis and verification of ovarian cysts on the background of pregnancy is a difficult task, since there are limitations in the application of the necessary diagnostic methods, the pathology is characterized by asymptomatic course or clinical manifestations. Possible variants of the diagnostic examination are presented and described in detail, which includes ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging with intravenous amplification. Ovarian cysts are usually diagnosed accidentally in the first trimester of pregnancy. Sonographic examination in early pregnancy increased the incidence of cystic ovarian lesions. The timing of surgery and its possible options: laparoscopic or laparotomy are detailed. The advantages and disadvantages of both options are given. All of the above dictates the need for adherence to the principle of multidisciplinarity and continuity between gynecologists, oncologists, and family physicians in managing this contingent of patients, with a view to timely detection and adequate surgical treatment of neoplasms.

Objective: to study the features of changes of the immune status of patients with gynaecological, surgical and simultaneous pathology in the pre- and postoperative periods for injury evaluation of surgical interventions.Material and methods. The study involved 97 patients who provided surgical service in the Department of Operative Gynaecology of SI «Lukyanova Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine». They were divided into two groups: group I comprised 70 patients with isolated gynaecological pathology, in group II included 27 women with simultaneous pathology. In the study 26 patients (group III) were also enrolled with isolated surgical pathology, who were provided a surgical care in the Surgical Department of Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 10 in Kyiv. The study was conducted within 10 months of 2017. The parameters of immune homeostasis in the pre- and postoperative periods were studied in 27 women with simultaneous operations, in 31 women operated for gynecological pathology, and in 26 women - for surgical pathology. Interleukin-6 was determined using Access 2 Beckman Counter's immune analyser, and C-reactive protein was measured with the Beckman Counter AU 480 immune analyser.Results. It was established that irrespective of the increasing extent of operation for simultaneous pathology as compared with isolated surgical interventions for gynaecological and surgical pathology, the degree of tissue injury or operational trauma is relatively the same, confirming the gradual reduction the concentration of interleukin-6 to almost reference values.Conclusions. The most informative indicator of the severity of surgical aggression is interleukin-6. It proportionally reflects the degree and dynamics of operational trauma. In turn, C-reactive protein indirectly reacts to injury and can be used as an additional indicator in monitoring in the postoperative period., Цель — изучить особенности изменений иммунного статуса пациенток с гинекологической, хирургической и симультанной патологией в пред- и послеоперационном периодах.Пациенты и методы. В исследовании взяли участие 97 пациенток, которым оказывали хирургическую помощь в отделении оперативной гинекологии ГУ «Институт педиатрии, акушерства и гинекологии имени академика Е.Н. Лукьяновой НАМН Украины». Их распределили на две группы: первую — 70 пациенток с изолированной гинекологической патологией; вторую — 27 женщин с симультанной патологией. В исследование также включены 26 пациенток (3-я группа) с изолированной хирургической патологией, которым оказывали хирургическую помощь в хирургическом отделении городской клинической больницы № 10 г. Киева. Исследование проведено в течение 10 месяцев 2017 г. Показатели иммунного гомеостаза в пред- и послеоперационном периоде изучены у 27 женщин с симультанными операциями, у 31 женщины, прооперированной по поводу гинекологической патологии, и у 26 женщин — по поводу хирургической патологии. Концентрация интерлейкина-6 определена с помощью иммунного анализатора Access 2 Beckman Couter, а концентрацию С-реактивного протеина — с помощью иммунного анализатора Beckman Couter AU 480.Результаты. Установлено, что независимо от увеличения объема операции при симультанной патологии по отношению к изолированным оперативным вмешательствам при гинекологической и хирургической патологии степень травматизации тканей или операционная травма сопоставимо одинаковы, что подтверждает постепенное снижение концентрации интерлекина-6 до почти референтных значений.Выводы. Наиболее информативным показателем степени тяжести хирургической агрессии является интерлейкин-6. Он пропорционально отображает степень и динамику хирургической травмы. В свою очередь, С-реактивный протеин опосредствовано реагирует на травму и может быть использован в качестве дополнительного исследования при мониторинге в послеоперационном периоде., Мета — вивчити особливості змін імунного статусу пацієнток із гінекологічною, хірургічною та симультанною патологією в перед- та післяопераційному періоді для оцінки травматичності оперативних втручань.Пацієнти та методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 97 пацієнток, яким надавали хірургічну допомогу у відділенні оперативної гінекології ДУ «Інститут педіатрії, акушерства і гінекології імені академіка О.М. Лук'янової НАМН України». Їх розподілено на дві групи: першу — 70 пацієнток з ізольованою гінекологічною патологією; другу — 27 жінок із симультанною патологією. До дослідження також залучено 26 пацієнток (3-тя група) з ізольованою хірургічною патологією, яким надавали хірургічну допомогу в хірургічному відділенні міської клінічної лікарні № 10 м. Києва. Дослідження проведено протягом 10 місяців 2017 р. Показники імунного гомеостазу в перед- та післяопераційному періоді вивчено у 27 жінок із симультанними операціями, у 31 жінки, прооперованої з приводу гінекологічної патології, та у 26 жінок — із приводу хірургічної патології. Концентрацію інтерлейкіну-6 визначено за допомогою імунного аналізатора Access 2 Beckman Couter, а концентрацію С-реактивного протеїну — за допомогою імунного аналізатора Beckman Couter AU 480.Результати. Встановлено, що незалежно від збільшення об'єму операції при симультанній патології відносно ізольованих оперативних втручань при гінекологічній та хірургічній патології ступінь травматизації тканин чи операційна травма порівняно однакові, що підтверджує поступове зниження концентрації інтерлейкіну-6 до майже референтних значень.Висновки. Найбільш інформативним показником ступеня тяжкості хірургічної агресії є інтерлейкін-6. Він пропорційно відображає ступінь і динаміку хірургічної травми. Своєю чергою, С-реактивний протеїн опосередковано реагує на травму і може бути використаний як додаткове дослідження при моніторингу в післяопераційному періоді.

Acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATP) is an acute inflammation of the oropharyngeal mucosa and lymphatic structures usually caused by viruses and less frequently by bacteria, primarily group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS). Children often have recurrent ATP with 3 or more episodes per year. Objective. In this randomized clinical trial, we evaluated the efficacy of Tonsilgon® N, a combination herbal medicine with the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, in the treatment of children with recurrent ATP. Patients and methods. Seventy-two children aged between 3 and 12 years with recurrent ATP were randomized into two equal groups: children in the experimental group received symptomatic therapy and Tonsilgon® N (oral drops for 14 days), whereas children in the control group received symptomatic therapy alone. Patients with ATP caused by GABHS (n = 13) additionally received an antibiotic. Disease manifestations (overall patient condition, fever, sore throat, pharyngoscopy findings, and lymph node reaction) were evaluated using a scoring system before the initiation of therapy and then after 3, 10, and 30 days. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Results. Seventy-one children were included into the final analysis (one patient from the experimental group was excluded due to an allergic reaction). Initially, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Treatment ensured positive dynamics in both groups; however, 10 days after therapy initiation, the score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.02). Follow-up demonstrated that patients in the experimental group were less likely to develop recurrent ATP (p = 0.013), had fewer ATP relapses (p = 0.003) and antibiotic courses (p = 0.01) compared to controls. Conclusion. The use of Tonsilgon® N in children with recurrent ATP increases treatment efficacy, reduces the number of relapses, and the need for antibiotics. Key words: children, acute tonsillopharyngitis, recurrent respiratory infections, herbal therapy, Tonsilgon® N

This article focuses on the most important issues of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) in pediatric colorectal surgery. We have analyzed currently available Russian and foreign documents on PAP and its specific characteristics in pediatric practice and colorectal surgery. We have provided the most up-to-date recommendations on perioperative prevention of enterocolitis and strictures in children with Hirschsprung's disease. Key words: antibacterial preventive therapy, colorectal surgery, pediatric surgery, surgical wound infection

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the drug of choice in pregnant women as an antipyretic and analgesic agent for various clinical conditions. However, long-term paracetamol administration during pregnancy was found to be associated with disorders in children, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.18–1.45, I2 = 61%); autism spectrum disorders (RR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.13–1.32, I2 = 17%); hyperactivity disorder (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.46, I2 = 95%), and behavioral disorders (RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.52, I2 = 94%). Studies conducted so far failed to identify the effect of paracetamol dose in different trimesters of pregnancy on the development of long-term functional disorders of the central nervous system in children. Further studies are needed to assess the importance of social factors and the environment and their contribution to the development of functional disorders of the central nervous system in children. Key words: acetaminophen, safety, pregnancy, neuropsychiatric development of children, paracetamol

The use of expanded lightweight concrete for the production of building structures can significantly reduce the weight, which is important in the manufacture of hollow-core slabs; the weight is a significant proportion of the total load. In the current regulatory documents, the physical and mechanical properties of expanded lightweight concrete differ significantly, and sometimes contradict each other. The defects and damages of expanded lightweight concrete hollow-core slabs are described in the case of the kindergarten built near 50 years ago. They appeared during the manufacture of the slabs - uncompacted concrete and uncovered ribs, or in the course of exploitation of the building - normal cracking, holes for pipes and corrosion of reinforcement. Two slabs in emergency condition have numerous longitudinal and shear cracks and chips of concrete caused by overloading. The differences in normative documents and methods of calculations used at the time of designing the kindergarten building and at the present time are shown. The assessment of the technical condition of the expanded lightweight concrete hollow-core slabs considering defects and damages are carried out

The results of calibration of the total-absorption Cherenkov spectrometer based on TF-1 lead glass of a thickness 14.8X0 using a quasi-monochromatic electron beam are presented. It is found that the energy resolution is 89–10% in the electron beam energy range E = 6–285 MeV, correspondingly.

Purpose of the study. The role of interventional methods of the treatment of acute infected necrotic pancreatitis depending on the morphological characteristics of the disease was determined. Material and methods. In present prospective cohort study, we included 96 patients with acute infected necrotizing pancreatitis. All patients were stratified according to morphologic features. Stepup approach with following steps of interventions was applied: percutaneous drainage of infected fluid collections, increasing of drainages diameter and number of it and open or minimally invasive necrosectomy. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental monitoring were the defining indicators for the stopping of the treatment or for the passing to the next step of the treatment. Results. At the first step 7 of 96 patients with superficial focal necrosis, a necrosis index of 2 points and a category D were successfully treated. Other 89 patients were passed to the second step of treatment, of which 23 patients with superficial subtotal necrosis, necrosis index of 2 points and category E were successfully treated. Another 66 patients had undergone a third step of treatment. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted that allowed to identify predictive factors of inefficiency of using of percutaneous drainage interventions (stages I and II) as a final stage of treatment: transmural subtotal or total necrotizing pancreatitis (OR = 1,58; 95% CI 1,03–3,88; p = 0,033); Necrosis index of 4 or more points (OR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.57–8.37; p = 0,003); heterogeneous peripancreatic fluid collection (OR = 4,15, 95% CI 1,49–5.19; p = 0,001); The CT-index of severity of acute pancreatitis of 7 or more points (OR = 1,89, 95% CI: 1,03–3,43; p = 0,029). Conclusion. Step-up approach showed following results: 7,3% patients were treated at the first step, 24% – at the second step. Third step of treatment was applied in 68,7% of patients, of witch 12,5% was treated with laparoscopic necrosectomy. Predictors of ineffectiveness of ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage as the final treatment method are: necrosis index of 4 or more, heterogeneous paripancreatic fluid collections, subtotal and transmural necrotizing pancreatitis.

Objective. To study the results of endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) for biliary obstruction of various genesis to determine the problematic issues of the procedure and possibility of its efficacy raising. Materials and methods. Experience of conduction of 5748 endoscopic transpapillary interventions in 2010 - 2017 yrs was analyzed: endoscopic papillosphincterotomy was performed in 2919 (50.8%) observations, stenting of biliary ducts - in 379 (6.6%). In 296 (78.1%) observations plastic stents (PS) were introduced, while in 83 (21.9%) – the self-expanding metallic stents. Results. Of 208 patients, in whom primary temporary EBS was performed for tumoral biliary obstruction, using PS, in 153 (73.6%) the next stage of treatment have constituted elective operation in 10 - 14 days after elimination of hyperbilirubinemia, signs of cholangitis, additional examination and determination of the intervention volume. Among these patients in 56 (36.6%) radical operations were performed, and in 97 (63.4%) – palliative operations. In 47 patients PS for closure of external biliary fistula (EBS) PS was introduced: in 13 (27.7%) – for tubular stenosis of distal part of common biliary duct, in 7 (14.9%) – for insufficiency of sutures of common biliary duct (after choledocholithotomy), in 14 (29.8%) – for intraoperative damages of extrahepatic biliary ducts, in 5 (10.6%) – for presence of Luschka channels, in 8 (17.0%) – for a state after hepatic resection, echinococectomy. Presence of concrements, which due to some reasons were not removed endocopically, in environment of purulent cholangitis have constituted the indication for performance of EBS in 24 (8.1%) observations, chronic pancreatitis, complicated by obturation jaundice – in 9 (3.0%). Correction of iatrogenic damages of biliary ducts with development of their partial strictures, EBF, using EBS with introduction of PS, were performed in 8 (2.7%) patients. Conclusion. The necessity exists to study the treatment results in patients, suffering biliary obstruction of various genesis, to determine problematic issues of the main procedures and possibilities of their efficacy raising.

Objective. To estimate the immediate results of application of chemical destruction with 10% solution of calcium chloride in complex of treatment in the patients, suffering focal hepatic pathology. Маterials and methods. In 2012 - 2019 yrs, using chemical destruction, the impact was delivered towards 104 tumoral foci (range from 1 tо 4) in the patients, suffering hepatocellular carcinoma (23.7%), colorectal cancer metastases (55.3%) and in noncolorectal cancer (21.1%). The foci diameter have constituted at average (2.60 ± 1.24) сm (in 1.0 - 4.0 сm range). Chemical ablation was performed, using injections of 10% solution of calcium chloride. Side-effects and answer of tumoral foci were estimated. Results. The specific postoperative complications rate (formation of abscesses in zone of destruction, development of hematomas and biliomas) have constituted 10.5%. There were observed a complete answer in the foci 1.0 - 1.5 сm in diameter, while the disease progress - concerning the foci 3,8 - 4,2 сm in diameter. Local recurrence have occurred in 15.8% patients. The answer degree trustworthily depended upon the tumoral foci density (r=0.529, р < 0.001). Including, complete answering was observed in 76.9% hypodense, 23.1% іsodense foci, and partial - concerning 37.8% hypodense, 29.7% іsodense and 32.4% of the foci of mixed structure. Stabilization of the disease was diagnosed, concerning 15.0% іso- and hypodense, 40.0% hyperdense and 45.0% with the foci of mixed structure, while a progress - concerning 85.7% hyperdense and 14.3%of the foci of mixed density. Conclusion. Іntratumoral injection of 10% solution of calcium chloride in the treatment of focal hepatic pathology is not accompanied by severe specific complications and mortality, the patients are survive the procedure satisfactory, which may be applied as a local tumoral control of tumoral foci up to 3.0 сm in diameter.

The characteristics of the quasi-monochromatic calibration beam of secondary electrons at the Pakhra accelerator (Lebedev Physical Institute) on the basis of the SP-57 magnet are presented. The energy resolution of the beam with a copper converter 0.1–5.0 mm thick and an interpolar magnet gap of 6 cm is δ = 10.0–4.5% in accordance with the energy in the electron-beam energy range E = 98–294 MeV.

Respiratory infections are mainly caused by viruses or bacteria that often interact. In the upper respiratory tract there is a wide range of commensals and potential pathogenic bacteria that, together with other bacteria, viruses and fungi, form complex ecological networks known collectively as “the microbiome”. It is assumed that this community is constantly exposed to synergistic and competitive interspecific interactions. The microbiome of the respiratory tract is a factor of respiratory health, which changes (respiratory viral infections, inappropriate use of antibiotics) can lead to bacterial complications and the spread of respiratory tract infections in. In the light of current guidelines for limiting the use of systemic antibiotics in case of uncomplicated acute respiratory tract infections, a real alternative is the use of topical antimicrobial agents, for example, thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate. The article presents the results of the use of the drug in respiratory infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

One of the key and strategically important problems of modern gynecology both around the world and in Ukraine is infectious and inflammatory diseases (IVD) of the lower genital tract: according to various estimates, back in the 90s of the last century, this diagnosis was made in about 40 % of patients in gynecological hospitals. Over the first decade of the 21st century, the incidence rate of genital IVI increased 1.4 times in 18–24-year-old patients, and 1.8 times in 25–29-year-old patients. At the same time, the costs of diagnostics and treatment have increased, which reach 50-60% of all costs for the provision of gynecological care to the population. In the structure of gynecological morbidity, the indicator of the number of patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genital area continues to occupy a leading position in terms of frequency in the population, amounting to 60.4-65.0%, however, information from different authors regarding their true prevalence is very contradictory. So, according to the materials of the 33rd European Congress of the International Union against for Sexually Transmitted Infections (IUSTI-Europe), bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs in 12-80% of women, vulvovaginal candidiasis – VVC (at least one episode in life) - in 75%, aerobic vaginitis (AV) – in 15-25% [8]. According to other authors, the prevalence of BV is 24-30%, VVC – 9.7-11.7%, nonspecific (aerobic) vaginitis – 5.0-23.7%. Combined drugs Neo-Penotran® Forte and Gainomax have a high safety profile, which is due to the unique features of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of their components. This determines the advantages in the speed of bactericidal action over other antibacterial and antimycotic agents. These drugs are highly effective in the local treatment of BV and vulvovaginal infections, reaching 98.5% in some nosologies. The effectiveness and safety of the use of Neo-Penotran® Forte and Gainomax in the treatment of infections of the female genital area served as the basis for their inclusion in standard treatment regimens according to indications, and their use is regulated by the normative documents of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.

Background: Real-world data on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are essential in determining whether evidence from randomised controlled clinical trials translate into meaningful clinical benefits for patients in everyday practice. RIVER (RIVaroxaban Evaluation in Real life setting) is an ongoing international, prospective registry of patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and at least one investigator-determined risk factor for stroke who received rivaroxaban as an initial treatment for the prevention of thromboembolic stroke. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of the RIVER registry and baseline characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed NVAF who received rivaroxaban as an initial treatment. Methods and results: Between January 2014 and June 2017, RIVER investigators recruited 5072 patients at 309 centres in 17 countries. The aim was to enroll consecutive patients at sites where rivaroxaban was already routinely prescribed for stroke prevention. Each patient is being followed up prospectively for a minimum of 2-years. The registry will capture data on the rate and nature of all thromboembolic events (stroke / systemic embolism), bleeding complications, all-cause mortality and other major cardiovascular events as they occur. Data quality is assured through a combination of remote electronic monitoring and onsite monitoring (including source data verification in 10% of cases). Patients were mostly enrolled by cardiologists (n = 3776, 74.6%), by internal medicine specialists 14.2% (n = 718) and by primary care/general practice physicians 8.2% (n = 417). The mean (SD) age of the population was 69.5 (11.0) years, 44.3% were women. Mean (SD) CHADS2 score was 1.9 (1.2) and CHA2DS2-VASc scores was 3.2 (1.6). Almost all patients (98.5%) were prescribed with once daily dose of rivaroxaban, most commonly 20 mg (76.5%) and 15 mg (20.0%) as their initial treatment; 17.9% of patients received concomitant antiplatelet therapy. Most patients enrolled in RIVER met the recommended threshold for AC therapy (86.6% for 2012 ESC Guidelines, and 79.8% of patients according to 2016 ESC Guidelines). Conclusions: The RIVER prospective registry will expand our knowledge of how rivaroxaban is prescribed in everyday practice and whether evidence from clinical trials can be translated to the broader cross-section of patients in the real world. Funding: This work is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Bayer AG (Berlin, Germany) to the Thrombosis Research Institute (London, UK), which sponsors the RIVER registry. The funding source had no involvement in the data collection, data analysis or data interpretation.

The technical state survey of the uninsulated warehouse for grain storage reveals another solution for large span roofing – steel strips welded together to a steel plate supported by steel ties. The inspection of welded connections shows their sufficient load-bearing capacity. Calculation of structure was carried by a finite element method. Initially, a geometrically unstable structure was calculated by modules of geometrical nonlinearity and step-type method. In the design model, the membrane was considered as a simply supported plate, the ties were considered as longitudinal bars. The structural analysis of the steel membrane roofing of the warehouse shows that its loadbearing capacity is sufficient to carry the dead and the snow load acting on the roof of the building. The method of structural analysis of steel membrane roofing was carried by FEM using modules of geometrical nonlinearity due to the large deflection and low bending resistance of a membrane. In the design model, the membrane was considered as a simply supported plate, the ties were considered as longitudinal bars. The gravitational loads cause only tensile axial force in ties and tensile stresses in the plate.

At present, when receiving and processing digital images, they often encounter cases of various noise and distortions appearing on the raster. In practice, we most often have to deal with applicative (impulsive) and additive Gaussian noise. At the same time, noise with a brightness distribution close to a truncated Gaussian, the mode of which falls on the upper or lower limits of the image brightness quantization, can be attributed to a separate class of applicative distortions, which are most often encountered in practice. At present, almost all known algorithms for correcting applicative distortions in images are spatially selective, when at the first stage of processing, the detection of distorted image elements is performed, and at the second stage, the restoration of lost (due to distortions) image elements by some method. To date, a sufficient number of algorithms for detecting (as a rule, statistical) such applicative distortions have been proposed; however, a priori unknown of the laws and parameters of the distribution of random signals and noise, as well as a priori probabilities of the presence and absence of distortions in the image, does not allow achieving their potential quality. One of the ways out of this situation can be the use of a neural network approach and its combination with statistically optimal algorithms. In the problem of detecting distortions, obtaining the necessary information about such parameters of distortions as the prior probability of their presence in the image and the standard deviation is possible through the use of artificial neural networks with high approximation properties acquired by them in the course of training on a training set of examples. This information can then be used by a statistically optimal algorithm. In accordance with this, the aim of the work is to develop a detector of applicative distortions in digital images based on a combination of a neural and statistically optimal algorithm. The essence of the proposed algorithm is to use at the first stage of processing a trained neural network capable of functioning under conditions of complete a priori uncertainty and allowing to obtain approximate estimates of a priori information about distortions in the image, and at the second stage of processing – rules based on the criterion of the minimum average risk (Bayesian criterion) using neural network estimates. As shown by the results of numerical studies, the proposed approach combines the advantage of neural networks, which consists in their high approximating properties, acquired in the course of training on precedents, as well as the optimality of a statistical detector. The presented results of numerical studies of the efficiency of the proposed detector indicate its advantage over the known detector in almost the entire possible range of applicative interference intensity.

Power facilities use large amounts of water to cool steam in the steam turbine condensers, and lubricating oils, gas and air in turbine sets. The key requirement for the quality of cooling water is to ensure normal vacuum in condensers. Cooling water must not form mineral and biological deposits and corrosion products in the system. Deposits of mineral salts in the condenser tube system, as well as in auxiliary cooling systems, lead to deterioration in heat exchange and a major decrease in the cost effectiveness of the power equipment operation, and require the heat-exchange equipment to be periodically cleaned. The source water used for cooling is normally taken from nearby water bodies (large rivers or lakes). Circulating water supply systems are used most commonly: these systems use repeatedly the same water inventory for cooling, and require only small amounts of water added to make up for evaporation losses. Coolers, in this case, are cooling towers, spray pools and evaporation ponds. The water chemistry should ensure the operation of equipment without any damage to its components or the loss of efficiency caused by the corrosion of the internal surfaces as well as without scale and sludge formation. It is exactly when using circulating water supply that a stabilizing treatment program is the most practicable way to ensure a cost-effective and environmentally friendly mode of operation. To inhibit scaling processes on the heat-exchange surfaces of the turbine condenser tubes at the Novovoronezh NPP’s unit 5, the cooling water was treated with the NALCO 1392 inhibitor. The results of the NALCO 1392 inhibitor pilot tests in the circulating water supply system (with a cooling pool) are presented.

Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and disturbance of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier are considered as strategically important links in the development of cognitive deficits in diabetic encephalopathy. Taking this into account, one of the modern trends in the optimization of the treatment of cognitive impairments induced by prolonged hyperglycemia is the co-administration of agents with antihyperglycemic and nootropic activity, in particular, metformin with piracetam. It has been shown that under conditions of experimental alloxan-induced hyperglycemia, piracetam has insufficient nootropic potential for eliminating cognitive deficits. Metformin has a weak nootropic effect in short-term use in low doses, without exhibiting these properties in prolonged administration. When combined with piracetam, metformin potentiates its antiamnesic properties, which helps to restore cognitive functions impaired by hyperglycemia. It is assumed that the mechanisms of such synergism are mediated by a decrease in the content of early and late markers of the destruction of protein molecules, the level of stable nitric oxide metabolites in the cerebral cortex, as well as a significant limitation of the manifestations of ultrastructural destructive changes in hippocampal neurons with a simultaneous improvement in the state of its microvasculature. The obtained results indicate the expediency of the combined use of metformin with nootropic agents for the prevention or treatment of cognitive impairments that occur as a result of diabetes mellitus.

The using of modern Internet-technologies in a foreign language teaching is one of the most promising areas from the standpoint of optimizing the educational process. We propose the author’s definition of the term Internet-technology, which refers to the multi-species system of in-teraction between a teacher and a student with using modern technical tools of the Internet, aimed at the realization of the tasks set by communication. Also group blog is defined as the most promising subtype of Internet-technologies. It was given the author’s definition as a collective blog in which students from one group publish their work for further discussion with the aim of developing thought-thinking skills. The constituent elements of the communication act, including the participants, purpose, theme, language tools and circumstances, are implemented with group blog using. The advantage of didactic properties and methodological functions of the group blog in the formation and development of the communication skills “reading”, “writing”, “speaking”, “speech” and “listening” is noted. Studied in the scientific research center type of blog is presented as a unified platform for communication and space for teamwork of users group and moderator. Based on the constant set of statuses and roles in the teacher–student dyad, the thematic focus of blog is determined by the moderator – completing of assignments, participation in discussion of published material, reflection on other users’ messages. We also examine the group blog as one of the modern Internet-technologies in foreign language teaching.