1. Anti-Zn 2+ -Toxicity of 4-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol in Astrocytes and Neurons Contribute to a Robust Neuroprotective Effects in the Postischemic Brain.
- Author
-
Luo L, Kim SW, Lee HK, Kim ID, Lee H, and Lee JK
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Astrocytes metabolism, Brain drug effects, Brain metabolism, Brain Ischemia metabolism, Cell Death drug effects, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery drug therapy, Male, Neurons metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Astrocytes drug effects, Benzyl Alcohols pharmacology, Brain Ischemia drug therapy, Neurons drug effects, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) is an important phenolic constituent of Gastrodia elata (GE) Blume, which is used as a traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. Many activities have been reported to underlie the beneficial effects of 4-HBA in brain, such as, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-excitotoxic, and anti-apoptotic effects in neurons and microglia. Here, the authors demonstrate the robust neuroprotective effects of 4-HBA in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke, and showed anti-Zn
2+ toxicity in neurons and astrocytes as a molecular mechanism contributing to these effects. Intraperitoneal administration of 4-HBA (20 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats 1 h after MCAO reduced infarct volumes to 27.1 ± 9.2% of that of MCAO controls and significantly ameliorated motor impairments and neurological deficits. Significant suppressions of Zn2+ -induced cell death, ROS generation, and PARP-1 induction by 4-HBA were observed in primary cortical cultures. 4-HBA also protected astrocytes from Zn2+ -induced toxicity and suppressing ROS generation by employing slightly different molecular mechanisms, i.e., suppressing PARP-1 induction and NAD depletion under acute Zn2+ -treatment and suppressing p67 NADPH oxidase subunit induction under chronic Zn2+ -treatment. Results indicate that the protective effects of 4-HBA against Zn2+ -toxicity in neurons and astrocytes contribute to its robust neuroprotective effects in the postischemic brain. Considering the pleiotropic effects of 4-HBA, which have been reported in previous reports and added in the present study, it has therapeutic potential for the amelioration of ischemic brain damage.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF