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Summary: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and individual dietary antioxidant intakes, including vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids, and bone mineral density (BMD) in the US population aged 20 years older. We found a positive correlation between CDAI and femoral BMD. Moreover, higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids were associated with higher femoral BMD. Introduction: While individual dietary antioxidants have shown beneficial effects on bone metabolism, the diverse and potentially interacting nature of dietary components may limit the accuracy of evaluating their impact on bone health. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between CDAI and BMD. Additionally, we explore the relationship between the intake of individual components of the CDAI and BMD. Methods: The CDAI is a novel index evaluating total dietary antioxidant intake, considering vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from participants aged ≥ 20 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018). We utilized multivariate linear regression models to examine the relationship between CDAI, individual dietary antioxidants, including vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, carotenoids, and femoral BMD. Results: The final analysis included 10,584 participants with a mean age of 50.73 ± 16.65 years. After multivariate adjustment, the second to fourth quartiles of CDAI (− 2.00–0.04, 0.04–2.54, and 2.54–70.78) exhibited higher femoral BMD compared to the first quartile of CADI (− 7.34 to − 2.00). Multiple regression analysis revealed that higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids were associated with higher femoral BMD. Conclusions: CDAI serves as a comprehensive tool for evaluating the overall antioxidant capacity of antioxidants in diets. Additionally, our study shows a positive correlation between CDAI and BMD, which indicates that the combined intake of dietary antioxidants may help reduce the risk of osteoporosis in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperuricemia and its complications are severe risks to human health. Dietary intervention is considered an essential part of the management of hyperuricemia. Studies have reported that the intake of antioxidants has a positive effect on hyperuricemia. Here, we collected data from 8761 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for this analysis. Daily intakes of vitamins A, C, and E; manganese; selenium; and zinc were calculated as the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). The participants were divided into four groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to the CDAI. Univariate analysis was used to assess the association of covariates with hyperuricemia. The association between the CDAI and hyperuricemia was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression, and its stability was determined by stratified analysis. Our results revealed that the CDAI has a significant negative association with hyperuricemia (Q2: 0.81 (0.69, 0.95); Q3: 0.75 (0.62, 0.90); Q4: 0.65 (0.51, 0.82); P < 0.01). The results of stratified analysis emphasize that this association between CDAI and hyperuricemia is stable. In conclusion, this study suggested a negative association between the CDAI and hyperuricemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'HoneySweet', a transgenic plum (Prunus domestica) resistant to plum pox virus through RNAi, was deregulated in the U.S. in 2011. The compositional study of 'HoneySweet' fruit was expanded to include locations outside of the US as well as utilizing a wide variety of comparators and different collection years to see the variability possible. The results revealed that plums have a wide variation in composition and that variation among locations was greater than variation among cultivars. This was also the case for different years at one location. The results supported the supposition that the transgene and insertion event had no significant effect on the composition of 'HoneySweet' fruit even under virus pressure, and that it fell in the normal range of composition of commercially grown plums. It also suggested that the effect of environment is as great as that of genetics on the fruit composition of plums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oxidative stress is proposed to be one of the potential mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. However, previous epidemiologic studies investigating associations between antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamins E and C and carotenoids, and PD risk have produced inconsistent results.Objective: The objective of this work was to prospectively examine associations between intakes of antioxidant vitamins, including vitamins E and C and carotenoids, and PD risk.Methods: Cases were identified in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cohort members completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires every 4 years.Results: A total of 1036 PD cases were identified. Dietary intakes of vitamin E and carotenoids were not associated with PD risk; the multivariable-adjusted relative risk comparing extreme intake quintiles were 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.75-1.14) and 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.69-1.37), respectively. Dietary vitamin C intake was significantly associated with reduced PD risk (relative risk: 0.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.65-1.01; ptrend , 0.01); however, this result was not significant in a 4-year lag analysis. For vitamins E and C, intake from foods and supplements combined were also unrelated to PD risk.Conclusions: Our results do not support the hypothesis that intake of antioxidant vitamins reduces the risk of PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors examined long-term antioxidant intake in relation to cognitive decline among older women. Beginning in 1980, Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) participants completed dietary assessments every 4 years; in 1995–2001, 16,010 participants aged ≥70 years completed initial cognitive assessments, which were repeated 3 times at 2-year intervals. Long-term antioxidant intake was averaged from 1980 through the time of initial cognitive interviews. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used to estimate mean differences in rates of cognitive decline across categories of vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoid intake; statistical tests were 2-sided. No associations were evident for vitamin E or total carotenoid intake and cognitive decline (e.g., after multivariable adjustment, P-trend = 0.44 and P-trend = 0.51, respectively, for a global composite score averaging all 6 cognitive tests), although higher lycopene intake and lower vitamin C intake were related to slower cognitive decline. In alternative analyses of overall cognitive status at older ages (averaging all 4 cognitive assessments), results for vitamins E and C were generally null, but higher carotenoid intake was related to better cognition. Overall, long-term vitamin E and C intakes were not consistently related to cognition, although greater consumption of carotenoids may have cognitive benefits in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of antioxidant intakes from diet and supplements with elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations.DesignA cross-sectional study. The main exposures were vitamins C and E, carotene, flavonoid and Se intakes from diet and supplements. Elevated blood CRP and Hcy concentrations were the outcome measures.SettingThe US population and its subgroups.SubjectsWe included 8335 US adults aged ≥19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002.ResultsIn this US population, the mean serum CRP concentration was 4·14 (95 % CI 3·91, 4·37) mg/l. Intakes of vitamins C and E and carotene were inversely associated with the probability of having serum CRP concentrations >3 mg/l in multivariate logistic regression models. Flavonoid and Se intakes were not associated with the odds of elevated serum CRP concentrations. The mean plasma Hcy concentration was 8·61 (95 % CI 8·48, 8·74) μmol/l. Intakes of vitamins C, E, carotenes and Se were inversely associated with the odds of plasma Hcy concentrations >13 μmol/l after adjusting for covariates. Flavonoid intake was not associated with the chance of elevated plasma Hcy concentrations.ConclusionsThese results suggest that high antioxidant intake is associated with lower blood concentrations of CRP and Hcy. These inverse associations may be among the potential mechanisms for the beneficial effect of antioxidant intake on CVD risk mediators in observational studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a study on the effects of antioxidant supplementation particularly vitamin C and E supplementation to endurance athletes in the U.S. It says that vitamin supplementation for physical exercise is associated with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production, which may cause cell damage. Even so, RONS are said to act as important signals for redox state and transcription factors, which may promote training adaptation. Meanwhile, it cites the use of double-blinded placebo-controlled design for the allocation of supplements to participants and a normal distribution for data analysis. Results showed that the ingestion of vitamin C and E to individuals does not alter endurance training adaptation.

The article reports on respiratory health and low dietary nutrient intakes in adolescents. It is posed that epidemiologic studies have outlined that a diet rich in antioxidants, fruits, and n-3 fatty acids may contribute to optimal respiratory health. In this study, the association of dietary factors which include fruits, vegetables, vitamins C and E, and beta-carotene with respiratory health in 2,112 students in 13 communities in the United States and Canada were examined.

The article discusses a research on tropical fruits. Guava and pitaya are two of the several tropical fruits involved in the research. U.S. Citrus and Subtropical Products Research Laboratory horticulturist Liz Baldwin, U.S. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists John Manthey, Gary Luzio, Anne Plotto, Jan Narciso and Kevin Goodner and research associate Kanjana Mahattanatawee were the authors of the research. The research found that Guava has the highest antioxidant potential, total phenolics, vitamin C and dietary fiber. INSET: U.S.-Thai Exchange Bolsters Coatings Research.

The article discusses the results of a trial about the effects of high-dose antioxidants on postmenopausal women in the U.S. and Canada. The study found that women taking both hormone therapy and high-dose antioxidant vitamins had the highest death rate compared to women who took nothing. The study also indicated that subjects taking 800 IU vitamin E and 1000 mg vitamin C, had either more or equal progression of their coronary heart disease as measured by angiography.