101 results on '"Progeny"'
Search Results
2. Priorities for Mediterranean marine turtle conservation and management in the face of climate change
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Antonios D. Mazaris, Charalampos Dimitriadis, Maria Papazekou, Gail Schofield, Aggeliki Doxa, Anastasia Chatzimentor, Oguz Turkozan, Stelios Katsanevakis, Aphrodite Lioliou, Sara Abalo-Morla, Mustapha Aksissou, Antonella Arcangeli, Vincent Attard, Hedia Attia El Hili, Fabrizio Atzori, Eduardo J. Belda, Lobna Ben Nakhla, Ali A. Berbash, Karen A. Bjorndal, Annette C. Broderick, Juan A. Camiñas, Onur Candan, Luis Cardona, Ilija Cetkovic, Nabigha Dakik, Giuseppe Andrea de Lucia, Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos, Salih Diryaq, Costanza Favilli, Caterina Maria Fortuna, Wayne J. Fuller, Susan Gallon, Abdulmaula Hamza, Imed Jribi, Manel Ben Ismail, Yiannis Kamarianakis, Yakup Kaska, Kastriot Korro, Drosos Koutsoubas, Giancarlo Lauriano, Bojan Lazar, David March, Adolfo Marco, Charikleia Minotou, Jonathan R. Monsinjon, Nahla M. Naguib, Andreas Palialexis, Vilma Piroli, Karaa Sami, Bektaş Sönmez, Laurent Sourbès, Doğan Sözbilen, Frederic Vandeperre, Pierre Vignes, Michail Xanthakis, Vera Köpsel, Myron A. Peck, European Commission, and Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation
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Conservation of Natural Resources ,nesting ,Southern Europe ,Environmental Engineering ,sea ,Climate Change ,perception ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,progeny ,decision making ,Charismatic megafauna ,mitigation ,male ,Climate-smart conservation network ,Climate risk ,Animals ,spatiotemporal analysis ,animal ,human ,procedures ,societal cost ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Adaptive management ,environmental protection ,Ecosystem ,biodiversity ,nonhuman ,physician ,article ,turtle ,General Medicine ,conservation management ,Turtles ,female ,conservation status - Abstract
As climate-related impacts threaten marine biodiversity globally, it is important to adjust conservation efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change. Translating scientific knowledge into practical management, however, is often complicated due to resource, economic and policy constraints, generating a knowledge-action gap. To develop potential solutions for marine turtle conservation, we explored the perceptions of key actors across 18 countries in the Mediterranean. These actors evaluated their perceived relative importance of 19 adaptation and mitigation measures that could safeguard marine turtles from climate change. Of importance, despite differences in expertise, experience and focal country, the perceptions of researchers and management practitioners largely converged with respect to prioritizing adaptation and mitigation measures. Climate change was considered to have the greatest impacts on offspring sex ratios and suitable nesting sites. The most viable adaptation/mitigation measures were considered to be reducing other pressures that act in parallel to climate change. Ecological effectiveness represented a key determinant for implementing proposed measures, followed by practical applicability, financial cost, and societal cost. This convergence in opinions across actors likely reflects long-standing initiatives in the Mediterranean region towards supporting knowledge exchange in marine turtle conservation. Our results provide important guidance on how to prioritize measures that incorporate climate change in decision-making processes related to the current and future management and protection of marine turtles at the ocean-basin scale, and could be used to guide decisions in other regions globally. Importantly, this study demonstrates a successful example of how interactive processes can be used to fill the knowledge-action gap between research and management., This work was conducted under FutureMares EU project that received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869300. The Mediterranean Marine Turtle Working Group was established in 2017 and is continuously supported by MedPAN and the National Marine Park of Zakynthos. The work of AC was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the “First Call for H.F.R.I. Research Projects to support Faculty members and Researchers and the procurement of high-cost research equipment grant” (Project Number: 2340).
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- 2023
3. Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations
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Burak Tan, Fazile Canturk Tan, Betul Yalcin, Suleyman Dasdag, Korkut Yegin, and Arzu Hanim Yay
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mitogen activated protein kinase p38 ,Male ,hippocampus ,Radio Waves ,adverse event ,pia mater ,brain development ,electromagnetism ,prenatal exposure ,radiation exposure ,MAPK signaling ,Western blotting ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Pregnancy ,rat ,animal ,cellular distribution ,ERK1/2 ,Sprague Dawley rat ,mitogen activated protein kinase ,adult ,Brain ,Continuous wave ,beta actin ,fetus ,female ,brain hemorrhage ,cytoplasm ,histopathology ,Pre and postnatal exposure ,radiofrequency radiation ,animal experiment ,perinatal exposure ,progeny ,tau protein ,Article ,animal tissue ,brain cortex ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Electromagnetic Fields ,gestation period ,Animals ,glia cell ,protein expression ,nonhuman ,2450 MHz RF ,MAPK ,general anesthesia ,protein phosphorylation ,Rats ,mitogen activated protein kinase 3 ,mitogen activated protein kinase 1 ,fetus development ,pathology ,fetus brain ,Janus kinase - Abstract
The development of new technologies and industry increases the number and variety of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources. Researcher are increasingly interested in the effects of EMF on brain health. The brain's function is largely dependent on electrical excitability, so it would be expected to be vulnerable to EMF. We therefore investigated the effects of brain development in the fetus, histopathological changes in female rats and the hippocampal level of MAPK proteins in male rats after exposed to pre and postnatal 2450 MHz continuous wave (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) over four generations. Four groups; sham, irradiated female, irradiated male, irradiated male and female, with each consisting of four rats (one male and three females) were created. Rats in the exposure groups were whole-body exposed to 2450 MHz CW-RFR for 12 h/day during the experiment. Irradiation started one month before fertilization in the experimental group. On the 18th day of the gestational period, one pregnant rat from each group was decapitated under general anesthesia and the fetuses were taken. The remaining two pregnant rats completed the normal gestation period. When the offspring were two months old, four rats, one male and three female, were allocated for the second generation study. Next generation animals were also experienced the same processes as the first generation rats. This study were evaluated development of brain in fetuses and histopathological changes in brain of female rats using haematoxylin eosin staining, and the hippocampal level of MAPK proteins in brain of male rats by Western Bloting. We observed hemorrhagic areas, irregular cellular localization and vascular structures in the brain of fetal and adult female rat of exposed groups in the all generations. pERK, ptau, pJNK and pP38 were increased in the brain of adult male rat of exposed groups in the all generations (p < 0.005). Pre and postnatal 2450 MHz continuous wave radiofrequency radiation exposure may cause changes in the function of the MAPK pathway affecting cognitive processes such as learning and memory and may cause damage to both the fetus and adult brain tissue. Also, EMF may have potential to affect brain of future generations. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., TYL-2017-7110, The authors acknowledge the financial support from Erciyes University-The Scientific Research Projects of Turkey (ERUBAP); Project number: TYL-2017-7110 .
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- 2022
4. Transgenerational transmission of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction in the male progeny of polycystic ovary syndrome
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Risal, Sanjiv, Li, Congru, Luo, Qing, Fornes, Romina, Lu, Haojiang, Eriksson, Gustaw, Manti, Maria, Ohlsson, Claes, Lindgren, Eva, Crisosto, Nicolas, Maliqueo, Manuel, Echiburu, Barbara, Recabarren, Sergio, Petermann, Teresa Sir, Benrick, Anna, Brusselaers, Nele, Qiao, Jie, Deng, Qiaolin, and Stener-Victorin, Elisabet
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Male ,metabolic disorder ,male offspring to male germline ,History ,Fysiologi ,Polymers and Plastics ,Physiology ,prenatal exposure ,high risk patient ,genetic risk ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,male offspring ,hyperandrogenism ,Mice ,Pregnancy ,maternal fetal transmission ,transgenerational transmission ,fetus outcome ,small untranslated RNA ,animal ,genetics ,Reproduction ,maternal hyperandrogenism ,risk assessment ,RNA analysis ,cohort analysis ,adipose tissue ,maternal obesity ,small non-coding RNAs ,Female ,genital system disease ,childhood obesity ,gene locus ,animal experiment ,Reproduktionsmedicin och gynekologi ,progeny ,sperm ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,animal tissue ,fetus risk ,Semen ,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine ,ovary polycystic disease ,Animals ,Humans ,controlled study ,Obesity ,human ,Business and International Management ,differential gene expression ,Biology ,mouse ,nonhuman ,animal model ,high risk infant ,dyslipidemia ,case control study ,polycystic ovary syndrome ,Case-Control Studies ,vertical transmission ,Human medicine ,germ line - Abstract
The transgenerational maternal effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female progeny are being revealed. As there is evidence that a male equivalent of PCOS may exists, we ask whether sons born to mothers with PCOS (PCOS-sons) transmit reproductive and metabolic phenotypes to their male progeny. Here, in a register-based cohort and a clinical case-control study, we find that PCOS-sons are more often obese and dyslipidemic. Our prenatal androgenized PCOS-like mouse model with or without diet-induced obesity confirmed that reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions in first-generation (F1) male offspring are passed down to F3. Sequencing of F1–F3 sperm reveals distinct differentially expressed (DE) small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) across generations in each lineage. Notably, common targets between transgenerational DEsncRNAs in mouse sperm and in PCOS-sons serum indicate similar effects of maternal hyperandrogenism, strengthening the translational relevance and highlighting a previously underappreciated risk of transmission of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction via the male germline. CC BY 4.0© 2023 The Author(s)Correspondence: qiaolin.deng@ki.se (Q.D.), elisabet.stener-victorin@ki.se (E.S.-V.)We thank Zhiyi Zhao, Jacob Victorin, Sonja Edström, and Sara Pilström for technical assistance during animal work and molecular analysis; TSE Systems and the Metabolic Phenotyping Center at the Strategic Research program in Diabetes at the Karolinska Institutet; and the electron microscopy unit Emil at Huddinge University Hospital at the Karolinska Institutet. This work is supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council: project nos. 2018-02435 and 2022-00550 (E.S.-V.) and 2018-02557 and 2020-00253 (Q.D.); the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation: 2019.0211 (Q.D.); Distinguished Investigator Grant – Endocrinology and Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation: NNF22OC0072904 (E.S.-V.); the Diabetes Foundation:DIA2021-633 (E.S.-V.); the Novo Nordisk Foundation: NNF18OC0033992 and NNF19OC0056647 (E.S.-V.); the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at the Karolinska Institutet (E.S.-V.); the Adlerbertska Research Foundation: GU 2019/86 (E.S.-V.); Karolinska Institutet KID funding: 2020-00990 (E.S.-V.); a Karolinska Instiutet faculty funded position (Q.D.); the Regional Agreement on Medical Training and Clinical Research between the Stockholm County Council and the Karolinska Institutet: 20190079 (E.S.-V.); O.E. och Edla Johanssons Stiftelse 2021 (S.R.); the Karolinska Institutet China scholarship council program (Q.L.); Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse: 2020-03808 and 2021-04329 (S.R.); the Karolinska Institutet: 2020-02026 (S.R.); the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT): project no. 1151531 (T.S.P.); the FONDECYT: project no. 1201483 (B.E.); the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) (R.F.); HKH Kronprinsessan Lovisas förening för barnasjukvård (R.F.); and Stiftelsen Axel Tielmans minnesfond (R.F.)
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- 2023
5. Evaluation of transfer of maternal immunity to the offspring of broiler breeders vaccinated with a candidate recombinant vaccine against Salmonella Enteritidis
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Roberto Alexandre Yamawaki, Adriana Maria de Almeida, Marcela da Silva Rubio, Angelo Berchieri Junior, Taisa Santiago Ferreira, Rafael Antonio Casarin Penha Filho, Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Salmonella Vaccines ,Offspring ,Salmonella enteritidis ,Recombinant vaccine ,030231 tropical medicine ,Booster dose ,Biology ,Poultry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Progeny ,Immunity ,Animals ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Poultry Diseases ,Salmonella Infections, Animal ,Vaccines, Synthetic ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Intestinal morphology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Broiler ,Embryonated ,Salmonella Enteritidis ,Vaccination ,Humoral immunity ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Chickens - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:14:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-22 Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a major cause of foodborne diseases in humans being frequently related to the consumption of poultry products. Therefore, guaranteeing early immunity to chicks is an important tool to prevent the colonization and infection by this pathogen. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a candidate recombinant vaccine against SE. Thirty female and five male broiler breeders that were ten weeks-old were divided into 3 groups: unvaccinated (UV), vaccinated with recombinant vaccine candidate (VAC) and vaccinated with commercial bacterin (BAC). Samples of serum and embryonated egg were collected at seven and twelve weeks after the booster dose to quantify the transfer rate of IgY to egg yolks and offspring. Subsequently, forty day-old offspring were divided into two groups (UV and VAC) and challenged on the following day with 107 CFU/chick of SE. Samples of serum, intestine, liver, and cecal content were harvested. Throughout the experiment period, significantly higher levels of IgY were observed in the egg yolk and also in the serum of broiler breeders and offspring of the VAC group in comparison to the UV group. In addition, increased transfer rates of IgY were observed in the VAC group when compared to the BAC group. Furthermore, higher villus-crypt ratios were found out in duodenum, jejunum and ileum at four days post-infection in the offspring from the VAC group. A high challenge dose of SE (107 CFU per chick) was used and despite the stronger humoral immune response provoked by the candidate vaccine, there were no statistical differences in the recovery of viable SE cells from the offspring cecal contents. Therefore, the effect of vaccination to improve intestinal quality may affect the development of the chickens and consequently increase the resistance to lower SE challenge doses. São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
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- 2021
6. Simulated shift work during pregnancy does not impair progeny metabolic outcomes in sheep
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Christopher G. Schultz, Amy L. Wooldridge, Timothy R. Kuchel, Kathryn L. Gatford, Tamara J. Varcoe, Hong Liu, David J. Kennaway, Gatford, Kathryn L, Kennaway, David J, Liu, Hong, Schultz, Christopher G, Wooldridge, Amy L, Kuchel, Timothy R, and Varcoe, Tamara J
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,sheep ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biology ,progeny ,Shift work ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bolus (medicine) ,developmental programming ,Pregnancy ,Insulin Secretion ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Circadian rhythm ,Young adult ,Glucose tolerance test ,Sheep ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Shift Work Schedule ,medicine.disease ,maternal ,Altricial ,shift work ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,metabolism ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Key points Maternal shift work increases the risk of pregnancy complications, although its effects on progeny health after birth are not clear. We evaluated the impact of a simulated shift work protocol for one-third, two-thirds or all of pregnancy on the metabolic health of sheep progeny. Simulated shift work had no effect on growth, body size, body composition or glucose tolerance in pre-pubertal or young adult progeny. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced in adult female progeny and insulin sensitivity was increased in adult female singleton progeny. The results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that maternal shift work exposure impairs metabolic health of progeny in altricial species. Abstract Disrupted maternal circadian rhythms, such as those experienced during shift work, are associated with impaired progeny metabolism in rodents. The effects of disrupted maternal circadian rhythms on progeny metabolism have not been assessed in altricial, non-litter bearing species. We therefore assessed postnatal growth from birth to adulthood, as well as body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, in pre-pubertal and young adult progeny of sheep exposed to control conditions (CON: 10 males, 10 females) or to a simulated shift work (SSW) protocol for the first one-third (SSW0-7: 11 males, 9 females), the first two-thirds (SSW0-14: 8 males, 11 females) or all (SSW0-21: 8 males, 13 females) of pregnancy. Progeny growth did not differ between maternal treatments. In pre-pubertal progeny (12-14 weeks of age), adiposity, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion during an i.v. glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity did not differ between maternal treatments. Similarly, in young adult progeny (12-14 months of age), food intake, adiposity and glucose tolerance did not differ between maternal treatments. At this age, however, insulin secretion in response to a glucose bolus was 30% lower in female progeny in the combined SSW groups compared to control females (P = 0.031), and insulin sensitivity of SSW0-21 singleton females was 236% compared to that of CON singleton female progeny (P = 0.025). At least in this model, maternal SSW does not impair progeny metabolic health, with some evidence of greater insulin action in female young adult progeny.
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- 2020
7. Early-Pregnancy Dydrogesterone Supplementation Mimicking Luteal-Phase Support in ART Patients Did Not Provoke Major Reproductive Disorders in Pregnant Mice and Their Progeny
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Clarisa Guillermina Santamaria, Laura Jeschke, Julia Bartley, Nicole Meyer, Anne Schumacher, and Ana Claudia Zenclussen
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pregnancy Rate ,Placenta ,Physiology ,artificial reproductive techniques ,Dydrogesterone ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Biology (General) ,Spectroscopy ,Progesterone ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,early pregnancy ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Reproduction ,Embryo ,General Medicine ,reproductive disorders ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,In utero ,Female ,medicine.drug ,safety ,Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ,Offspring ,QH301-705.5 ,Fertilization in Vitro ,Luteal phase ,Luteal Phase ,progeny ,Catalysis ,Article ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Embryo Implantation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,tolerability ,Molecular Biology ,QD1-999 ,Fetus ,business.industry ,luteal-phase support ,Organic Chemistry ,Parturition ,medicine.disease ,dydrogesterone ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,Dietary Supplements ,Progestins ,business ,Spermatogenesis - Abstract
Progestogens are frequently administered during early pregnancy to patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) to overcome progesterone deficits following ART procedures. Orally administered dydrogesterone (DG) shows equal efficacy to other progestogens with a higher level of patient compliance. However, potential harmful effects of DG on critical pregnancy processes and on the health of the progeny are not yet completely ruled out. We treated pregnant mice with DG in the mode, duration, and doses comparable to ART patients. Subsequently, we studied DG effects on embryo implantation, placental and fetal growth, fetal-maternal circulation, fetal survival, and the uterine immune status. After birth of in utero DG-exposed progeny, we assessed their sex ratios, weight gain, and reproductive performance. Early-pregnancy DG administration did not interfere with placental and fetal development, fetal-maternal circulation, or fetal survival, and provoked only minor changes in the uterine immune compartment. DG-exposed offspring grew normally, were fertile, and showed no reproductive abnormalities with the exception of an altered spermiogram in male progeny. Notably, DG shifted the sex ratio in favor of female progeny. Even though our data may be reassuring for the use of DG in ART patients, the detrimental effects on spermatogenesis in mice warrants further investigations and may be a reason for caution for routine DG supplementation in early pregnancy.
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- 2021
8. Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets reduced offspring body weight and yield
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I. I. Wenger, Martin J. Zuidhof, A. Pishnamazi, R. A. Renema, and T. G. V. Moraes
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Male ,Meat ,Offspring ,animal diseases ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biology ,Broiler breeder ,progeny ,Body weight ,Metabolism and Nutrition ,intergenerational effects ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Transgenerational epigenetics ,medicine ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,epigenetics ,Artificial insemination ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,food and beverages ,Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Diet ,Dilution ,nutrition ,Yield (chemistry) ,Body Composition ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,caloric restriction ,Dietary Proteins ,Energy Metabolism ,Chickens - Abstract
The objective of the current research was to evaluate transgenerational effects of maternal dietary energy and protein on growth, efficiency, and yield of broiler offspring. A factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of high and low ME and CP levels fed during the rearing and laying phases was used. The study was a final 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including broiler sex. Ross 708 broiler breeder pullets (n = 933) were fed diets containing 2,736 (HEREAR) or 2,528 kcal/kg ME (LEREAR) with either 15.3% (HPREAR) or 13.7% CP (LPREAR). From 25 wk, dams were fed a 15% CP laying diet containing 2,900 (HELAY) or 2,800 kcal/kg ME (LELAY). Following artificial insemination of the dams at 35 wk, eggs were collected for 1 wk, incubated, and pedigree hatched to preserve maternal identity. Broiler offspring were placed sex-separately into 32 pens, according to laying phase maternal treatments, with rearing maternal treatments nested within pens. Individual BW and pen level feed intake were recorded weekly. Broilers were processed at 40 d of age to evaluate yield. Maternal diet effects on offspring BW were sex dependent and transient. Female LPREAR × LELAY broilers had lower pectoralis major and carcass yield than HPREAR × LELAY females. Male HPREAR × HELAY broilers had increased breast yield (19.8%) compared with 18.4% in HPREAR × LELAY broilers. Carcass yield was lower in LEREAR × HPREAR broilers (63.7%) compared with HEREAR × HPREAR broilers (64.9%). LEREAR × HPREAR dams had the lowest ME to CP ratio (E: P) diets and highest rearing phase CP intake. Maternal diet did not influence offspring FCR. The most consistent contributor to increased BW was higher maternal dietary CP and ME during rearing. Low ME maternal laying phase diets increased BW of male offspring more consistently than of female offspring. Maternal nutrition also influenced broiler yield, and is thus economically important. Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets may have detrimental effects on offspring performance.
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- 2019
9. Exposure to maternal feces in lactation influences piglet enteric microbiota, growth, and survival preweaning
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Mary D. Barton, Kate J. Plush, Tanya L. Nowland, Roy N. Kirkwood, Valeria A. Torok, Nowland, Tanya L, Kirkwood, Roy N, Plush, Kate J, Barton, Mary D, and Torok, Valeria A
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0301 basic medicine ,Litter (animal) ,pig ,Offspring ,Swine ,animal diseases ,Weaning ,Gut flora ,progeny ,03 medical and health sciences ,Feces ,Animal science ,fluids and secretions ,Lactation ,Lactobacillus ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,microbiota ,Genetics ,Prevotella ,medicine ,Animals ,postpartum ,biology ,Microbiota ,0402 animal and dairy science ,health ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology and Microbiome ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Crate ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,parity ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00960 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Food Science - Abstract
It is known that gilt progeny performance is reduced compared with sow progeny. Previous research suggests that the presence of maternal feces in early life improves the health and survival of offspring. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether contact with feces from multiparous (MP) sows would improve the growth and survival of piglets born and reared on primiparous (P1) sows and if so, whether these differences are associated with the gut microbiota. Four treatments were applied for 10 days: Donor (n = 29) piglets had limited access to maternal feces as, each morning, sow feces were removed and placed in the crate of a P1 sow (P1-FT; n = 30 piglets) and P1-Con (n = 29) and MP-Con (n = 33) piglets had access to their own mothers’ feces. All piglets were weighed on days 1, 3, 10, and 18. Fecal samples were collected from a subset of sows (n = 10/treatment) 3 days post farrow and from two female piglets/litter on days 10 and 18 (n = 20/treatment) and subject to 16S rRNA amplicon analysis. Escherichia, Clostridium, Campylobacter, and Treponema were more abundant in MP sows, while P1 sows had a higher abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella. At 10 days, P1 progeny fecal microbiota differed, and growth and survival were reduced when compared with MP progeny. No treatment effect was observed for P1-FT piglets (P > 0.05). Donor piglets had a different fecal microbiota and improved weight and survival then all other treatments (P < 0.05). Overall, the removal of sow feces from the farrowing crate improved piglet microbiota development, growth, and survival.
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- 2021
10. The potential reproductive, neurobehavioral and systemic effects of soluble sodium tungstate exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats
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- 2011
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11. Detection of DNA damage in oocytes of small ovarian follicles following phosphoramide mustard exposures of cultured rodent ovaries in vitro
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- 2011
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12. Maternal exposure to cadmium during gestation perturbs the vascular system of the adult rat offspring
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Llanos, Miguel [Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Casilla 138-11, Santiago (Chile)]
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- 2011
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13. Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to the UV-filter Octyl Methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the reproductive, auditory and neurological development of rat offspring
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Hass, Ulla [Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Morkhoj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Soborg (Denmark)]
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- 2011
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14. Intracellular trafficking of VP22 in bovine herpesvirus-1 infected cells
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- 2010
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15. Ionizing radiation induces transgenerational effects of DNA methylation in zebrafish
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Kamstra, Jorke H., Hurem, Selma, Martin, Leonardo Martin, Lindeman, Leif C., Legler, Juliette, Oughton, Deborah, Salbu, Brit, Brede, Dag Anders, Lyche, Jan Ludvig, Aleström, Peter, One Health Toxicologie, dIRAS RA-1, One Health Toxicologie, and dIRAS RA-1
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0301 basic medicine ,Genome instability ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,Gametogenesis ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,0302 clinical medicine ,Transgenerational Effects ,Radiation, Ionizing ,zebra fish ,Zebrafish ,Regulation of gene expression ,DNA methylation ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Reproduction ,article ,apoptosis ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,biological marker ,Cell biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medicine ,ionizing radiation ,enhancer region ,Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) ,DNA damage ,Offspring ,congenital malformation ,Science ,animal experiment ,embryo ,WGBS Data ,malignant neoplasm ,progeny ,Article ,Genomic Instability ,03 medical and health sciences ,promoter region ,follow up ,bisulfite ,Animals ,controlled study ,Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) ,Enhancer ,nonhuman ,DNA Methylation ,Zebrafish Proteins ,genomic instability ,biology.organism_classification ,Whole-genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) ,monitoring ,030104 developmental biology ,Differentially methylated regions ,fertilization ,gene expression ,DNA Damage - Abstract
Ionizing radiation is known to cause DNA damage, yet the mechanisms underlying potential transgenerational effects of exposure have been scarcely studied. Previously, we observed effects in offspring of zebrafish exposed to gamma radiation during gametogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that these effects are accompanied by changes of DNA methylation possibly inherited by subsequent generations. We assessed DNA methylation in F1 embryos (5.5 hours post fertilization) with whole genome bisulfite sequencing following parental exposure to 8.7 mGy/h for 27 days and found 5658 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). DMRs were predominantly located at known regulatory regions, such as gene promoters and enhancers. Pathway analysis indicated the involvement of DMRs related to similar pathways found with gene expression analysis, such as development, apoptosis and cancers, which could be linked to previous observed developmental defects and genomic instability in the offspring. Follow up of 19 F1 DMRs in F2 and F3 embryos revealed persistent effects up to the F3 generation at 5 regions. These results indicate that ionizing radiation related effects in offspring can be linked to DNA methylation changes that partly can persist over generations. Monitoring DNA methylation could serve as a biomarker to provide an indication of ancestral exposures to ionizing radiation.
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- 2018
16. Genetic analysis on body weight at different ages in broiler chicken raised in commercial environment
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Danye Marois, Per Madsen, John M. Henshall, Thinh Tuan Chu, Just Jensen, E. Norberg, and Lei Wang
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maternal effect ,Male ,Multivariate statistics ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Broiler chicken ,MODELS ,Biology ,Animal Breeding and Genomics ,Breeding ,Body weight ,Genetic analysis ,sex by genotype interactions ,PARAMETERS ,Filosofie ,Correlation ,body weight ,SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM ,Animal science ,STANDARD ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,Food Animals ,EGG-PRODUCTION TRAITS ,genetic parameters ,Animals ,Fokkerij en Genomica ,HATCHING EGG ,PROGENY ,Models, Statistical ,Models, Genetic ,Body Weight ,Maternal effect ,Broiler ,Genetic Variation ,General Medicine ,Heritability ,PERFORMANCE ,Philosophy ,broiler chicken ,Phenotype ,Variance components ,maternal effects ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Maternal Inheritance ,GROWTH TRAITS ,Chickens ,STORAGE - Abstract
A multivariate model was developed and used to estimate genetic parameters of body weight (BW) at 1–6 weeks of age of broilers raised in a commercial environment. The development of model was based on the predictive ability of breeding values evaluated from a cross‐validation procedure that relied on half‐sib correlation. The multivariate model accounted for heterogeneous variances between sexes through standardization applied to male and female BWs differently. It was found that the direct additive genetic, permanent environmental maternal and residual variances for BW increased drastically as broilers aged. The drastic increase in variances over weeks of age was mainly due to scaling effects. The ratio of the permanent environmental maternal variance to phenotypic variance decreased gradually with increasing age. Heritability of BW traits ranged from 0.28 to 0.33 at different weeks of age. The direct genetic effects on consecutive weekly BWs had high genetic correlations (0.85–0.99), but the genetic correlations between early and late BWs were low (0.32–0.57). The difference in variance components between sexes increased with increasing age. In conclusion, the permanent environmental maternal effect on broiler chicken BW decreased with increasing age from weeks 1 to 6. Potential bias of the model that considered identical variances for sexes could be reduced when heterogeneous variances between sexes are accounted for in the model.
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- 2019
17. Maternal Quercetin Consumption during Pregnancy May Help Regulate Total Cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio without Effect on Cholesterol Levels in Male Progeny Consuming High-Fat Diet
- Author
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Hiroki Matsuyama, Masakatsu Takashima, Hayato Tajiri, Hiroyuki Sakakibara, and Wataru Tanaka
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,mice ,Blood lipids ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Overweight ,Biology ,progeny ,Diet, High-Fat ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,High-density lipoprotein ,total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Total cholesterol ,high-fat diet–induced obesity ,medicine ,Animals ,heterocyclic compounds ,Triglycerides ,Mice, Inbred ICR ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cholesterol ,Body Weight ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Feeding Behavior ,Organ Size ,medicine.disease ,Hormones ,Endocrinology ,Animals, Newborn ,Liver ,chemistry ,HDL/cholesterol ratio ,Female ,Quercetin ,medicine.symptom ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science - Abstract
Quercetin has been shown to have anti-obesity effects, but it is unknown whether these effects can be transmitted from mothers to their progeny. In this study, we investigated whether maternal quercetin consumption during pregnancy has a protective effect on high-fat diet–induced hyper lipid levels and overweight in progeny. Female mice consumed a control diet or a diet containing 1.0% quercetin during breeding. The male progeny were then divided into four groups that were (1) sacrificed at postnatal day 3, (2) born to dams fed the control diet and also fed the control diet (C-C), (3) born to dams fed the control diet and then fed a 30% high-fat diet (C-HF), or (4) born to dams fed the Q-diet and then fed the HF diet (Q-HF). Maternal consumption of quercetin did not affect body weight or blood lipid parameters in either dams or neonates at postnatal day 3. After 13 weeks, the Q-HF group exhibited greater body and liver weights, and higher blood cholesterol levels than the C-HF group. However, the total cholesterol/ high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratios in the Q-HF and C-C groups remained similar. In conclusion, maternal quercetin consumption does not appear to protect the next generation from high-fat diet–induced hyper cholesterol level in the blood and liver, and consequently overweight, but may help regulate the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio.
- Published
- 2021
18. Susceptibility to ozone-induced inflammation. I. Genetic control of the response to subacute exposure
- Author
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Zhang, L [Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (United States)]
- Published
- 1993
19. Susceptibility to ozone-induced inflammation. II. Separate loci control responses to acute and subacute exposures
- Author
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Zhang, L [Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (United States)]
- Published
- 1993
20. Odors as cues for orientation to mothers by weanling Virginia opossums
- Author
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Holmes, D [Savannah River Ecology Lab., Aiken, SC (United States)]
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Investigation of the diabetic effects of maternal high-glucose diet on rats
- Author
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Senay Topsakal, Ozlem Ozmen, and Halis Ilke Ozkan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Blood Glucose ,Sucrose ,medicine.medical_treatment ,urinalysis ,Physiology ,prenatal exposure ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,newborn ,Pregnancy ,Lactation ,blood analysis ,Insulin ,insulin release ,rat ,animal ,pancreas ,glucose ,insulin receptor ,Diabetes ,drug effect ,insulin level ,sucrose ,General Medicine ,Gestational diabetes ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,female ,pregnancy diabetes mellitus ,priority journal ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,immunohistochemistry ,chemically induced ,Female ,immunoreactivity ,Offspring ,animal experiment ,RM1-950 ,lactation ,progeny ,Glucagon ,Article ,animal tissue ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,controlled study ,Table sugar ,Pancreas ,Pharmacology ,nonhuman ,business.industry ,pancreas tissue ,animal model ,drinking water ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Diabetes, Gestational ,030104 developmental biology ,glucose blood level ,Glucose ,chemistry ,Animals, Newborn ,pancreas islet ,Blood Glucose/drug effects/metabolism ,Diabetes, Gestational/chemically induced/*metabolism/pathology ,Glucagon/metabolism ,Glucose/administration & dosage/*toxicity ,Hyperglycemia/chemically induced/*metabolism/pathology ,Pancreas/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced/*metabolism/pathology ,Hyperglycemia ,pathology ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,business ,glucose intake ,metabolism - Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus become an epidemic problem throughout the world. Relation of the diabetes with diet is known. Some evidence is reported about mother died and risk of diabetes in babies during the life related with gestational diabetes. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the exposure of high-dose sucrose to rats and pups during pregnancy and lactation. Methods The mother rats were categorized into four groups, during pregnancy and until the offspring were 1-month-old, as follows: Group 1, provided with normal drinking water; Group 2, provided with water containing 10%; Group 3, 20%; and Group 4, 30% table sugar. During the study, the weights and daily fluid consumption of the animals were recorded. At the end of the study, the changes in blood, urine, and pancreatic tissues of the rats were examined. Results The pups in the groups supplemented with sugar had more weight gain than those of the control group. Although serum glucose levels of mothers and young rats in the groups fed with sugar-containing water did not reach the diabetic limits, it was observed that these animals had statistically significantly higher blood glucose levels than those in the control group. Insulin levels were also similarly increased by an increase in the amount of sugar. Immunohistochemical studies on the mother rats showed that insulin secreted cell numbers and insulin receptors significantly decreased in some pancreatic islets in the groups supplemented with sugar. Glucagon immunoreactivity examination showed that the number of glucagon-expressing cells decreased in the rat groups supplemented with sugar. Similar and more severe findings were observed in the offspring. Conclusion This study has experimentally demonstrated that high daily intake of sugar in healthy pregnancies causes adverse effects on the mother and offspring.
- Published
- 2018
22. Paternal occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and neuroblastoma in offspring
- Author
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Hundley, V [Ohio State Univ., Columbus (USA)]
- Published
- 1990
23. Life span of multipotential hematopoietic stem cells in vivo
- Author
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Snodgrass, R [Basel Institute of Immunology (Switzerland)]
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Differential effects of chronic ingestion of tritiated water on prenatal brain development
- Author
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Zamenhof, S
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Effects of low doses of alcohol on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol's effects in pregnant rats
- Author
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Subramanian, M [Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (USA)]
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Mutagenic effect of radionuclides incorporated into DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. Progress report, 1977--1978. [Effects of tritium decay in labelled sperm]
- Author
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Lee, W.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Mutagenic effect of radionuclides incorporated into DNA of drosphila melanogaster. Progress report, 1976--1977
- Author
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Lee, W.
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effects of dietary protein level and age at photo stimulation on reproduction traits of broiler breeders and progeny performance
- Author
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Victor D. Naranjo, C.E. de la Cruz, and R.A. van Emous
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Animal breeding ,Animal Nutrition ,Light ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Stimulation ,Biology ,progeny ,Feed conversion ratio ,reproduction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Sexual maturity ,Animals ,broiler breeder ,Amino Acids ,media_common ,dietary crude protein ,Reproduction ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Diervoeding ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,030104 developmental biology ,Dietary protein ,Dietary Supplements ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Female ,Dietary Proteins ,age at photo stimulation ,Chickens ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
A study with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to determine the effects of 2 dietary crude protein levels, high (CPh) or low (CPl), supplemented with free amino acids (AA), and 2 ages at photo stimulation (PS)—early (21 wk; PSe) or late (23 wk; PSl)—on reproduction traits of broiler breeders and progeny performance. Diets were isocaloric, and calculated CP content of the CPl diets was 15 g/kg lower than the CPh diets during all phases. A total of 480 female and 64 male Ross 308 breeders of 20 wk of age were used. Total egg production was similar between CPl and CPh birds during phase 1 and 2 but was reduced by 2.8 eggs for CPl birds during phase 3. For the overall laying period, CPl birds tended (P = 0.075) to produce 4.7 fewer total eggs. Hatchability of set eggs was similar between CPl and CPh birds during phases 1 and 2 but tended (P = 0.064) to be lower for CPl birds in phase 3. PSe birds showed an advanced age at sexual maturity and age at peak production of 4.6 and 5.3 d, respectively, resulting in 2.5 more total eggs during phase 1. During phase 1, PSe birds showed an almost 5% increased fertility. Chick production in phase 1 was higher for PSe birds resulting in a tendency (P = 0.071) to higher overall chick production of almost 8 chicks. Progeny from early PS breeders showed an overall significant lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). It was concluded that egg and chick production during phases 1 and 2 were not affected by dietary CP level, but egg and chick production was reduced for CPl birds during phase 3. On the other hand, PSe birds showed an increased number of chicks. It is possible to decrease CP level of breeder diets with comparable reproduction from 22 to 46 wk; however, this is questionable for phase 3. For maximal chick production, early PS is recommended.
- Published
- 2017
29. Mating patterns and post-mating isolation in three cryptic species of the Engystomops petersi species complex
- Author
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Paula A. Trillo, Andrea E. Narváez, Kim L. Hoke, and Santiago R. Ron
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Life Cycles ,reproductive isolation ,Speciation ,Engystomops petersi ,species ,lcsh:Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Geographical locations ,Sexual Behavior, Animal ,animal ,Mating ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,reinforcement ,Larva ,Multidisciplinary ,Sex Chromosomes ,biology ,Chromosome Biology ,Reproductive isolation ,mating ,classification ,Sexual selection ,Vertebrates ,Frogs ,Ecuador ,Anura ,Research Article ,Species complex ,Evolutionary Processes ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Zoology ,progeny ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Chromosomes ,Amphibians ,03 medical and health sciences ,larval development ,sexual behavior ,Species Specificity ,Cryptic Speciation ,sexual selection ,Animals ,Metamorphosis ,Hybridization ,Evolutionary Biology ,species difference ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,national park ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,15. Life on land ,South America ,biology.organism_classification ,Genetic divergence ,030104 developmental biology ,fertilization ,Fertilization ,physiology ,lcsh:Q ,People and places ,Tadpoles ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Determining the extent of reproductive isolation in cryptic species with dynamic geographic ranges can yield important insights into the processes that generate and maintain genetic divergence in the absence of severe geographic barriers. We studied mating patterns, propensity to hybridize in nature and subsequent fertilization rates, as well as survival and development of hybrid F1 offspring for three nominal species of the Engystomops petersi species complex in Yasuni National Park, Ecuador. We found at least two species in four out of six locations sampled, and 14.3% of the wild pairs genotyped were mixed-species (heterospecific) crosses. We also found reduced fertilization rates in hybrid crosses between E. petersi females and E. "magnus" males, and between E. "magnus" females and E. "selva" males but not in the reciprocal crosses, suggesting asymmetric reproductive isolation for these species. Larval development times decreased in F1 hybrid crosses compared to same species (conspecific) crosses, but we did not find significant reduction in larval survival or early metamorph survival. Our results show evidence of post-mating isolation for at least two hybrid crosses of the cryptic species we studied. The general decrease in fertilization rates in heterospecific crosses suggests that sexual selection and reinforcement might have not only contributed to the pattern of call variation and behavioral isolation we see between species today, but they may also contribute to further signal divergence and behavioral evolution, especially in locations where hybridization is common and fertilization success is diminished.
- Published
- 2017
30. Implications of intrauterine protein malnutrition on prostate growth, maturation and aging
- Author
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Carolina Sarobo, Jaqueline C. Rinaldi, Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano, Luis A. Justulin, Livia M. Lacorte, Sérgio Luis Felisbino, Patrícia Aline Boer, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
Male ,Aging ,Epithelial dysplasia ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Apoptosis ,Fetal Nutrition Disorders ,Eating ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics(all) ,androgen blood level ,Protein malnutrition ,Pregnancy ,Fetal programming ,rat ,Testosterone ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,maternal protein malnutrition ,prostate ,Prostate ,General Medicine ,kwashiorkor ,Prostatitis ,Androgen receptor ,female ,Receptors, Androgen ,Female ,Collagen ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Normal diet ,medicine.drug_class ,Offspring ,animal experiment ,androgen ,Biology ,progeny ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,animal tissue ,maternal disease ,dysplasia ,Low-protein diet ,prostatitis ,Internal medicine ,Diet, Protein-Restricted ,medicine ,Animals ,controlled study ,low birth weight ,Rats, Wistar ,nonhuman ,maturation ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,animal model ,Body Weight ,Androgen ,medicine.disease ,Rattus norvegicus ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Animals, Newborn ,Dysplasia ,ano genital distance ,measurement - Abstract
Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:28:56Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:28:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-19 Aims Maternal malnutrition by low protein diet is associated with an increased incidence of metabolic disorders and decreased male fertility in adult life. This study aimed to assess the impact of maternal protein malnutrition (MPM) on prostate growth, tissue organization and lesion incidence with aging. Main methods Wistar rat dams were distributed into two groups, which were control (NP; fed a normal diet containing 17% protein) or a restricted protein diet (RP, fed a diet containing 6% protein) during gestation. After delivery all mothers and offspring received a normal diet. Biometrical parameters, hormonal levels and prostates were harvested at post-natal days (PND) 30, 120 and 360. Key findings MPM promoted low birth weight, decreased ano-genital distance (AGD) and reduced androgen plasma levels of male pups. Prostatic lobes from RP groups presented reduced glandular weight, epithelial cell height and alveolar diameter. The epithelial cell proliferation and collagen deposition were increased in RP group. Incidences of epithelial dysplasia and prostatitis were higher in the RP offspring than in the NP offspring at PND360. Significance Our findings show that MPM delays prostate development, growth and maturation until adulthood, probably as a result of low testosterone stimuli. The higher incidence of cellular dysplasia and prostatitis suggests that MPM increases prostate susceptibility to diseases with aging. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Morphology School of Odontology Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Morphology School of Odontology Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
- Published
- 2013
31. Rearing the Maize Weevil,Sitophilus zeamais, on an Artificial Maize—Cassava Diet
- Author
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A. A. Omoloye and James Adebayo Ojo
- Subjects
Male ,Manihot ,Animal feed ,Pellets ,progeny ,Zea mays ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,polyphagous ,Animals ,Sex Ratio ,Animal Husbandry ,Methionine ,biology ,Sitophilus ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,pellets ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Feed ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Maize weevil ,Insect Science ,Curculionidae ,Weevils ,amino acid supplements ,Female ,PEST analysis ,suitable - Abstract
Dry artificial diet pellets prepared with maize, cassava chips, and amino acid supplements (lysine and methionine) were evaluated for mass culture of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a highly polyphagous pest of many stored grains. Evaluation was done in the laboratory at temperature 26 ± 2 °C, 60-70% RH, 12:12 L:D photoperiod. The artificial diet was compounded from different proportions of maize (M) variety TZPB-SW-R, cassava (C) variety TMS-2110, and amino acid supplements, and was pelletized into 6 mm diameter pellets on which five pairs of one-day-old S. zeamais were bioassayed. The diet M(9)C(1) (90% M and 10% C) was the most suitable diet with comparatively shorter developmental period (34.8 days) and the highest F(1) emergence of progeny (145.4) compared to the control, M(10)C(0) (100% M and 0% C).
- Published
- 2012
32. Embryo vitrification in rabbits: Consequences for progeny growth
- Author
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Manuel Baselga, Raquel Lavara, Francisco Marco-Jiménez, Jose S. Vicente, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
- Subjects
Male ,Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Gompertz function ,Rabbit ,Growth ,Biology ,PRODUCCION ANIMAL ,Liver weight ,Toxicology ,Growth velocity ,Embryo Culture Techniques ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Progeny ,Animals ,Vitrification ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Small Animals ,Organ weight ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Equine ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Embryo ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Growth curve (biology) ,Organ Size ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Embryo transfer ,Liver ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Rabbits - Abstract
[EN] The objective of this research is to examine if there are any effects of the rederivation procedures on rabbit growth pattern and on weight of different organ in adults. For this purpose, three experiments were conducted on two different groups of animals (control group and vitrified transferred group) to evaluate the possible effect of embryo manipulation (vitrification and transfer procedures) on future growth traits. The first experiment studies body weight from 1 to 9 weeks of age from the two groups. The second experiment describes the growth curve of progeny from experimental groups and analyzes their Gompertz curve parameters, including the estimation of adult body weight. The third experiment has been developed to study if there are any differences in different organ weight in adult males from the two experimental groups. In general, the results indicate that rederivation procedures had effect on the phenotypic expression of growth traits. The results showed that rabbit produced by vitrification and embryo transfer had higher body weight in the first four weeks of age than control progeny. Results from body weight (a parameter) and b parameter estimated by fitting the Gompertz growth curve did not show any difference between experimental groups. However, differences related with growth velocity (k parameter of the Gompertz curve) were observed among them, showing that the control group had higher growth velocity than the vitrified transferred group. In addition, we found that liver weight at 40th week of age exhibits significant differences between the experimental groups. The liver weight was higher in the control males than in the VF males. Although the present results indicate that vitrification and transfer procedures might affect some traits related with growth in rabbits, further research is needed to assess the mechanisms involved in the appearance of these phenotypes and if these phenotypes could be transferred to the future progeny., This study was supported by the Generalitat Valenciana research program (Prometeo II 2014/036) and Spanish Research Projects (CICYT AGL2011-29831-C03-01; AGL2014-53405-C2-1-P). Lavara R. acknowledges the partial support received from Generalitat Valenciana under VALid+ program (APOST/2014/034) and from Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under subprogramme "Formacion posdoctoral" (FPDI-2013-16707).
- Published
- 2015
33. Effect of Temperatures and Cold Storage on Performance of Tetrastichus brontispae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Parasitoid of Brontispa longissima (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae)
- Author
-
Buli Fu, Qi’an Jin, Zhengqiang Peng, Kui Liu, Jiangrong Lin, and Yueguan Fu
- Subjects
Male ,China ,parasitism ,Wasps ,Biological pest control ,biological control ,Parasitism ,Cold storage ,Hymenoptera ,progeny ,Parasitoid ,Brontispa longissima ,Botany ,Animals ,Sex Ratio ,Pest Control, Biological ,development ,parasitoid ,Eulophidae ,biology ,Research ,fungi ,Pupa ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Cold Temperature ,Coleoptera ,Horticulture ,Larva ,Insect Science ,Female ,Tetrastichus - Abstract
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of temperature and cold storage on the performance of Tetrastichus brontispae (Ferriere) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), one of the major endoparasitoids against coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae). The results revealed that T. brontispae could successfully parasitize host pupae under all seven tested temperatures, but no adult emergence was observed at 32°C. It was also revealed that temperatures between 24 and 26°C appeared to be the optimum temperatures for parasitism, as these temperatures resulted in the most parasitized pupae and a significantly higher emergence rate and progeny production. These measurements significantly declined at 20, 30, and 32°C. This study confirmed developmental periods of parasitoid progeny decreased as the temperature increased, and sex ratio of this female-biased parasitoid was not affected by rearing temperatures. More importantly, this study indicated that cold storage of parasitized pupae could extend up to 30 d at 10°C, and a longer storage period had a significant adverse effect on mean adult emergence and parasitism performance. Ten days might be the optimum cold-storage period at 10°C, as parasitism performance, emergence rate, and progeny production at this storage period were similar to the control of 26°C. Furthermore, the developmental period, emergence rate, and sex ratio of progeny that emerged from cold-stored parasitized pupae were not influenced by storage periods, whereas parasitism performance of progeny decreased as storage period increased. This study suggests that about 24–26°C would be the optimal temperature for mass production and release of T. brontispae for biological control of B. longissima . These results also provide novel findings that a period of 10 d at 10°C may be more suitable and acceptable for ideal cold storage of parasitized pupae of T. brontispae .
- Published
- 2014
34. Transmission of DNA damage and increasing reprotoxic effects over two generations of Daphnia magna exposed to uranium
- Author
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Jean-Paul Bourdineaud, Frédéric Alonzo, Virginie Camilleri, L. Garcia-Sanchez, Antoine Alonzo, Christelle Adam-Guillermin, Delphine Plaire, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and IRSN, PRP-ENV, SERIS, L2BT
- Subjects
life history ,Male ,Time Factors ,Physiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Daphnia magna ,environmental exposure ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,life cycle stage ,sensitivity analysis ,body growth ,hatching ,Water Pollutants ,Radioactive ,fertility ,0303 health sciences ,Radiation ,Reproduction ,article ,General Medicine ,Fecundity ,Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,female ,priority journal ,Daphniidae ,Water Pollutants, Radioactive ,DNA damage ,Offspring ,animal experiment ,Zoology ,embryo ,Biology ,progeny ,survival ,uranium ,Dose-Response Relationship ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,controlled study ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,nonhuman ,Hatching ,genotoxicity ,Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ,embryo development ,Cell Biology ,DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Newborn ,Life stage ,Brood ,Animals, Newborn ,Transgenerational effects ,Daphnia - Abstract
This study aimed to examine the mechanisms involved in the transgenerational increase in Daphnia magna sensitivity to waterborne depleted uranium (DU) under controlled laboratory conditions. Daphnids were exposed to concentrations ranging from 2 to 50 μg L-1 over two successive generations. Genotoxic effects were assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA and real time PCR (RAPD-PCR). Effects on life history (survival, fecundity and somatic growth) were monitored from hatching to release of brood 5. Different exposure regimes were tested to investigate the specific sensitivity of various life stages to DU. When daphnids were exposed continuously or from hatching to deposition of brood 5, results demonstrated that DNA damage accumulated in females and were transmitted to offspring in parallel with an increase in severity of effects on life history across generations. When daphnids were exposed during the embryo stage only, DU exposure induced transient DNA damage which was repaired after neonates were returned to a clean medium. Effects on life history remained visible after hatching and did not significantly increase in severity across generations. The present results suggest that DNA damage might be an early indicator of future effects on life history. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
- Published
- 2013
35. Chronic mild prenatal stress exacerbates the allergen-induced airway inflammation in rats
- Author
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Edson Antunes, Heloisa H.A. Ferreira, Nancy Airoldi Teixeira, Paulo Nogueira, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universidade São Francisco (USF), and Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Subjects
cell infiltration ,animal cell ,lung lavage ,stress ,Leukocyte Count ,Pregnancy ,mononuclear cell ,Medicine ,rat ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,respiratory system ,Housing, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,priority journal ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Female ,prenatal care ,medicine.symptom ,Bronchial Hyperreactivity ,Prenatal stress ,Eosinophils ,Asthma ,Development ,Lungs ,lcsh:RB1-214 ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,Ovalbumin ,animal experiment ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Prenatal care ,progeny ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,animal tissue ,Internal medicine ,lcsh:Pathology ,Animalia ,Animals ,eosinophil ,Rats, Wistar ,nonhuman ,Water Deprivation ,business.industry ,animal model ,prediction ,Cell Biology ,asthma ,Eosinophil ,Allergens ,Rats ,Pregnancy Complications ,Endocrinology ,Bronchoalveolar lavage ,biology.protein ,business ,Food Deprivation ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:19:44Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:45:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-0032979193.pdf: 1430591 bytes, checksum: bc375c88aa37b5250f3ceb50a54aacfd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:19:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1999-06-03 The effects of chronic mild prenatal stress on leukocyte infiltration into the airways was investigated in rat offspring. The chronic prenatal stress consisted of transitory and variable changes in the rat's living conditions. Offspring at adult age were actively sensitized (day 0) and intratracheally challenged (day 14) with ovalbumin. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in the offspring at 48 h after intratracheal challenge with ovalbumin. A significant increase in total leukocyte infiltration was observed in the non-stressed offspring group and this was associated with a marked recruitment of eosinophils without a significant effect on the influx of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. In the prenatal stressed offspring, the counts of both total leukocyte and eosinophils, as well as mononuclear cells, was increased by 50% compared to the non-stressed offspring. We provide here the first experimental evidence that chronic mild unpredictable prenatal stress produces a marked increase in the allergen-induced airway inflammation in the rat offspring. Departamento de Farmacologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP Universidade Sao Francisco, Bragança Paulista, SP Departamento de Farmacologia Faculdade de Ciências Medicas UNICAMP, P.O. Boc 6111, 13081-970 Campinas (SP) Departamento de Farmacologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP
- Published
- 1999
36. Genome-wide association study for birth weight in Nellore cattle points to previously described orthologous genes affecting human and bovine height
- Author
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Haroldo H. R. Neves, José Fernando Garcia, Laercio R. Porto Neto, Flavio S Schenkel, Johann Sölkner, Yuri Tani Utsunomiya, Ludmilla Balbo Zavarez, Ana M. Pérez O'Brien, Márcia C. Matos, Roberto Carvalheiro, John C. McEwan, John B. Cole, Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa da Silva, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Tad S. Sonstegard, Adriana Santana do Carmo, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), GenSys Consultores Associados, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, AgResearch, Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of Guelph, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), University of Queensland, and University of New England
- Subjects
SDR16C5 protein ,genetic association ,genotype ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,RPS20 protein ,Beef cattle ,protein kinase Lyn ,CHCHD7 protein ,Suidae ,quantitative trait locus ,genetic linkage ,single nucleotide polymorphism ,Chromosome regions ,GWAS ,Genetics(clinical) ,Bos ,gestational age ,Genetics (clinical) ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,weaning ,weight gain ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Zebu ,autosome ,humanities ,unclassified drug ,PLAG1 protein ,body height ,Research Article ,RDHE2 protein ,Birth weight ,Nellore cattle ,animal experiment ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Bos indicus ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,progeny ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Bovinae ,animal tissue ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Humans ,controlled study ,Human height ,030304 developmental biology ,gene location ,nonhuman ,ved/biology ,Taurine cattle ,0402 animal and dairy science ,protein tyrosine kinase ,swine ,gene mapping ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Bos taurus ,Body Height ,chromosome NOR ,Bos primigenius indicus ,cattle ,breeding ,gene expression ,Cattle ,orthology ,Stature ,MOS protein ,PENK protein ,carcass ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:29:40Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:43:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84878817065.pdf: 1569340 bytes, checksum: ee96ac3b330c175abd31d11721cf429e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-13 Background: Birth weight (BW) is an economically important trait in beef cattle, and is associated with growth- and stature-related traits and calving difficulty. One region of the cattle genome, located on Bos primigenius taurus chromosome 14 (BTA14), has been previously shown to be associated with stature by multiple independent studies, and contains orthologous genes affecting human height. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for BW in Brazilian Nellore cattle (Bos primigenius indicus) was performed using estimated breeding values (EBVs) of 654 progeny-tested bulls genotyped for over 777,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Results: The most significant SNP (rs133012258, PGC = 1.34 × 10-9), located at BTA14:25376827, explained 4.62% of the variance in BW EBVs. The surrounding 1 Mb region presented high identity with human, pig and mouse autosomes 8, 4 and 4, respectively, and contains the orthologous height genes PLAG1, CHCHD7, MOS, RPS20, LYN, RDHE2 (SDR16C5) and PENK. The region also overlapped 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) previously reported in literature by linkage mapping studies in cattle, including QTLs for birth weight, mature height, carcass weight, stature, pre-weaning average daily gain, calving ease, and gestation length.Conclusions: This study presents the first GWAS applying a high-density SNP panel to identify putative chromosome regions affecting birth weight in Nellore cattle. These results suggest that the QTLs on BTA14 associated with body size in taurine cattle (Bos primigenius taurus) also affect birth weight and size in zebu cattle (Bos primigenius indicus). © 2013 Utsunomiya et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900 GenSys Consultores Associados, Porto Alegre 90680-000 Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems Division of Livestock Sciences BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Centre for Reproduction and Genomics AgResearch, Invermay, Mosgiel ARS-USDA - Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1 Bioinformatics and Animal Genomics Laboratory Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais School of Veterinary Sciences University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343 School of Rural and Environmental Science University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900 Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680
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- 2013
37. Investigation of phospholipid synthesis and the disposition of amino acid and carbohydrate
- Author
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Boehme, D
- Published
- 1986
38. Validation of the in vivo somatic mutation method in the mouse as a prescreen for germinal point mutations. [EMS, MMS, TEM, mitomycin C, benzopyrene, hycanthone, diethyl nitrosamine]
- Author
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Russell, L
- Published
- 1976
39. Investigations for transmitted genetic effects of hycanthone in mice. [9H-Thioxanthen-9-one-, 1-((2-(diethylamino) ethyl) amino)-4-(hydroxymethyl)]
- Author
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Generoso, W
- Published
- 1976
40. Kinship and social behavior of lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) in a central Amazon landscape
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Anders Gonçalves da Silva, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Izeni Pires Farias, Tomas Hrbek, and Gabriela Medeiros de Pinho
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Male ,Genotyping Techniques ,Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Animals Genetics ,Consanguinity ,Behavioral Ecology ,Effective population size ,Progeny ,Spatial and Landscape Ecology ,lcsh:Science ,Tapirus Terrestris ,Phylogeny ,Animalss ,education.field_of_study ,Panmixia ,Likelihood Functions ,Multidisciplinary ,Heterozygosity ,biology ,Behavior, Animal ,Geography ,Ecology ,Animal Behavior ,Amazon rainforest ,Population Dispersal ,Statistical Model ,Behavior, Animals ,Gene Pool ,Gene Locus ,Genetic Variability ,Genetic structure ,Tapirus terrestris ,Female ,Animals Experiment ,Brazil ,Research Article ,Gene Flow ,Sibling ,Genotype ,Ecological Metrics ,Microsatellite Dna ,Population Size ,Population ,Mammal ,Effective Population Size ,Genetics ,Animals ,Landscape ,Microsatellite Marker ,Controlled Study ,education ,Social Behavior ,Ecosystem ,Perissodactyla ,Probability ,Evolutionary Biology ,Population Biology ,Mating System ,Brasil ,lcsh:R ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Genetic Variation ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Bayes Theorem ,biology.organism_classification ,Mating system ,Nonhuman ,Geographic Distribution ,Genetics, Population ,Genetic Loci ,Biological dispersal ,lcsh:Q ,Polygamy ,Genotyping Technique ,Animal Genetics ,Zoology ,Population Genetics ,Feces Analysis ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that tapirs tolerate individuals from adjacent and overlapping home ranges if they are related. We obtained genetic data from fecal samples collected in the Balbina reservoir landscape, central Amazon. Samples were genotyped at 14 microsatellite loci, of which five produced high quality informative genotypes. Based on an analysis of 32 individuals, we inferred a single panmictic population with high levels of heterozygosity. Kinship analysis identified 10 pairs of full siblings or parent-offspring, 10 pairs of half siblings and 25 unrelated pairs. In 10 cases, the related individuals were situated on opposite margins of the reservoir, suggesting that tapirs are capable of crossing the main river, even after damming. The polygamous model was the most likely mating system for Tapirus terrestris. Moran's I index of allele sharing between pairs of individuals geographically close (3 km). Confirming this result, the related individuals were not geographically closer than unrelated ones (W = 188.5; p = 0.339). Thus, we found no evidence of a preference for being close to relatives and observed a tendency for dispersal. The small importance of relatedness in determining spatial distribution of individuals is unusual in mammals, but not unheard of. Finally, non-invasive sampling allowed efficient access to the genetic data, despite the warm and humid climate of the Amazon, which accelerates DNA degradation. © 2014 Pinho et al.
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- 2012
41. Vitamin D metabolism impairment in the rat's offspring following maternal exposure to 137cesium
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Jocelyne Aigueperse, Yann Gueguen, Maâmar Souidi, Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro, E. Tissandie, Stéphane Grison, Line Grandcolas, Radiobiologie et épidémiologie (DRPH/SRBE), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
- Subjects
metabolic disorder ,Enzymologic ,Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,prenatal exposure ,radiation exposure ,010501 environmental sciences ,phosphate blood level ,Toxicology ,Kidney ,01 natural sciences ,Calcitriol receptor ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,calcium transport ,calcium blood level ,rat ,Water Pollutants ,Vitamin D ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP27A1 ,Radioactive ,Cholecalciferol ,biology ,vitamin blood level ,vanilloid receptor 5 ,vanilloid receptor 6 ,article ,General Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,female ,priority journal ,Liver ,Cesium Radioisotopes ,Maternal Exposure ,Osteocalcin ,Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase ,Vitamin ,Water Pollutants, Radioactive ,medicine.medical_specialty ,colecalciferol ,Offspring ,cytochrome P450 ,animal experiment ,Drinking ,chemistry.chemical_element ,lactation ,Calcium ,progeny ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Phosphates ,03 medical and health sciences ,vitamin D metabolism ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Animals ,controlled study ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,phosphate ,25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase ,calcium ,nonhuman ,cesium 137 ,Rattus ,drinking water ,Water ,nucleotide sequence ,vitamin metabolism ,Newborn ,Rats ,ossification ,Endocrinology ,Animals, Newborn ,chemistry ,Chernobyl Nuclear Accident ,Gene Expression Regulation ,protein blood level ,biology.protein ,Sprague-Dawley - Abstract
Previous works clearly showed that chronic contamination by 137cesium alters vitamin D metabolism. Since children are known to be a high-risk group for vitamin D metabolism disorders, effects of 137Cs on vitamin D biosynthetic pathway were investigated in newborn rats. The experiments were performed in 21-day-old male offspring of dams exposed to 137Cs in their drinking water at a dose of 6,500 Bq/l (150 Bq/rat/day) during the lactation period. Significant modifications of blood calcium (-7%, P < 0.05), phosphate (+80%, P < 0.01) and osteocalcin (-25%, P < 0.05) levels were observed in contaminated offspring, associated with an increase of blood vitamin D3 (+25%, P < 0.01). Besides, decreased expression levels of cyp2r1 and cyp27b1 (-26 and -39%, respectively, P < 0.01) were measured in liver and kidney suggesting a physiological adaptation in response to the rise in vitamin D level. Expressions of vdr, ecac1, cabp-d28k, ecac2 and cabp-9k involved in renal and intestinal calcium transport were unaffected. Altogether, these data show that early exposure to post-accidental doses of 137Cs induces the alteration of vitamin D metabolism, associated with a dysregulation of mineral homeostasis. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.
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- 2009
42. A large family size is required to detect sexual heterogeneity of the recombination fraction using dominant and codominant DNA-markers
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Gómez-Raya, L.
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ANIMALS ,PLANTS ,GENETIC VARIATION ,MALES ,FEMALES ,DOMINANT GENES ,RECOMBINATION ,GENETIC MARKERS ,PROGENY ,SIMULATION MODELS ,BREEDING AND GENETICS ,ANIMALES ,PLANTAS ,VARIACION GENETICA ,MACHO ,HEMBRA ,GENES DOMINANTES ,RECOMBINACION ,MARCADORES GENETICOS ,PROGENIE ,MODELOS DE SIMULACION - Abstract
Maximum likelihood methods for testing sexual heterogeneity of the recombination fraction using dominant and codominant DNA-markers are developed. The methods are tested by Montecarlo computer simulation. Two crosses were investigated 1) Ab/aB x Ab/aB and 2) Ab/aB x Ab/alphaB in which A, a, and alpha are alleles at a codominant marker and B and b are alleles at a dominant marker. Estimates of the recombination fraction are biased by more than 6 cM if family size is small (50) for the first cross. Also, the empirical rate of type I error under homogeneity ranged between 0.0 and 3.7 when using the tabulated values corresponding at 5%. Even for large family sizes, the rate of type I error was close to 0 when the expected rate was 1 or 5%. Empirical power was very low for the self-fertilization cross requiring large family sizes (2,000) and large differences in the recombination fraction in the two sexes (differences larger than 20 cM). For the second cross (Ab/aB x Ab/alphaB), both parents were heterozygous but they do not have identical genotypes at the codominant marker. Estimates of the recombination fraction for the two sexes were nearly unbiased in the presence of heterogeneity. The rate of type I error was similar to their expected values for this cross. For a low recombination fraction, empirical power for this cross was higher than 50% for a family size of 500 and a true difference in recombination fraction in the two sexes of approx. 10 cM., En este trabajo se desarrollan métodos de máxima verosimilitud para analizar la heterogeneidad de la fracción de recombinación entre sexos utilizando un marcador dominante y otro codominante. Los métodos fueron comprobados utilizando simulaciones de tipo Montecarlo en computador. Se han investigado dos tipos de cruzamiento, Ab/aB x Ab/aB y Ab/aB x Ab/alfan los que A, a, y alfa son alelos de un marcador codominante, y B y b del marcador dominante. Las estimaciones de la fracción de recombinación resultaron sesgadas por más de 6 cM para familias de tamaño pequeño (50) para el primer cruce. La tasa empírica de error tipo I, asumiendo homogeneidad, fue entre 0,0 y 3,7 cuando se utilizaron los valores tabulados correspondientes al 5%. En familias de tamaño grande, el error tipo I fue próximo a 0 para valores tabulados de 1 ó 5%. La potencia estadística obtenida por simulación en el ordenador fue muy baja para familias con auto-fecundación, requiriéndose familias de tamaño grande (2000) y diferencias grandes en la fracción de recombinación de los dos sexos (diferencias mayores de 20 cM). Para el segundo cruce Ab/aB x Ab/alfaB, los dos progenitores fueron heterocigotos, pero no tuvieron genotipos idénticos para el marcador codominante. Las estimaciones de la fracción de recombinación para los dos sexos fueron mayormente insesgadas en la presencia de heterogeneidad. La tasa de error de tipo I fue similar a su valor esperado para este cruce. Para fracciones de recombinación pequeñas la potencia estadística de este cruce fue de más del 50% para un tamaño familiar de 500 y unas diferencias de 10 cM entre las fracciones de recombinación de los dos sexos.
- Published
- 2008
43. Intrauterine exposure to maternal atherosclerotic risk factors increases the susceptibility to atherosclerosis in adult life
- Subjects
Biomedical Research ,prenatal exposure ,mouse mutant ,Inbred C57BL ,Severity of Illness Index ,Transgenic ,Mice ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,animal ,genetics ,endothelium cell ,cell volume ,comparative study ,apolipoprotein E ,statistical significance ,hypercholesterolemia ,genome imprinting ,C57BL mouse ,disease course ,mother ,carotid artery injury ,Fetal Blood ,Carotid arteries ,cell size ,female ,Cholesterol ,risk factor ,Health ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Disease Progression ,wild type ,triacylglycerol ,hospitalization ,cardiovascular risk ,Knockout ,prenatal development ,progeny ,genetic epigenesis ,maternal disease ,Genomic Imprinting ,Apolipoproteins E ,Genetic ,blood ,heterozygosity ,Animals ,Humans ,controlled study ,human ,mouse ,Triglycerides ,nonhuman ,epigenetics ,carotid artery ,disease model ,magnetic resonance angiography ,disease predisposition ,Endothelial Cells ,hyperlipoproteinemia type 3 ,Atherosclerosis ,transgenic mouse ,Disease Models ,pathology ,Carotid Artery Injuries ,Tunica Intima ,metabolism ,fetus blood ,intima ,Epigenesis - Abstract
OBJECTIVE - Maternal hypercholesterolemia is associated with a higher incidence and faster progression of atherosclerotic lesions in neonatal offspring. We aimed to determine whether an in utero environment exposing a fetus to maternal hypercholesterolemia and associated risk factors can prime the murine vessel wall to accelerated development of cardiovascular disease in adult life. METHODS AND RESULTS - To investigate the epigenetic effect in utero, we generated genetically identical heterozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient progeny from mothers with a wild-type or apolipoprotein E-deficient background. A significant increase in loss of endothelial cell volume was observed in the carotid arteries of fetuses of apolipoprotein E-deficient mothers, but fatty streak formation was absent. Spontaneous atherosclerosis development was absent in the aorta and carotid arteries in adult life. We unilaterally placed a constrictive collar around the carotid artery to induce lesion formation. In offspring from apolipoprotein E-deficient mothers, collar placement resulted in severe neointima formation in 9 of 10 mice analyzed compared with only minor lesion volume (2 of 10) in the progeny of wild-type mothers. CONCLUSIONS - We conclude that the susceptibility to neointima formation of morphologically normal adult arteries is already imprinted during prenatal development and manifests itself in the presence of additional atherogenic risk factors in adult life. Future research will concentrate on the mechanisms involved in this priming process, as well as on prevention strategies. © 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
- Published
- 2007
44. Intrauterine exposure to maternal atherosclerotic risk factors increases the susceptibility to atherosclerosis in adult life
- Author
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Alkemade, F.E., Gittenberger-Groot, A.C. de, Schiel, A.E., Munsteren, J.C. van, Hogers, B., Vliet, L.S.J. van, Poelmann, R.E., Havekes, L.M., Dijk, K.W. van, Ruiter, M.C. de, and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Biomedical Research ,prenatal exposure ,mouse mutant ,Severity of Illness Index ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Mice ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,animal ,genetics ,endothelium cell ,cell volume ,comparative study ,apolipoprotein E ,statistical significance ,Mice, Knockout ,hypercholesterolemia ,genome imprinting ,C57BL mouse ,disease course ,mother ,carotid artery injury ,Fetal Blood ,Carotid arteries ,cell size ,female ,Cholesterol ,risk factor ,Health ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Disease Progression ,wild type ,triacylglycerol ,hospitalization ,cardiovascular risk ,prenatal development ,Mice, Transgenic ,progeny ,genetic epigenesis ,maternal disease ,Genomic Imprinting ,Apolipoproteins E ,blood ,heterozygosity ,Animals ,Humans ,controlled study ,human ,mouse ,Triglycerides ,nonhuman ,epigenetics ,carotid artery ,disease model ,magnetic resonance angiography ,disease predisposition ,Endothelial Cells ,hyperlipoproteinemia type 3 ,Atherosclerosis ,transgenic mouse ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,pathology ,Carotid Artery Injuries ,Tunica Intima ,metabolism ,fetus blood ,intima - Abstract
OBJECTIVE - Maternal hypercholesterolemia is associated with a higher incidence and faster progression of atherosclerotic lesions in neonatal offspring. We aimed to determine whether an in utero environment exposing a fetus to maternal hypercholesterolemia and associated risk factors can prime the murine vessel wall to accelerated development of cardiovascular disease in adult life. METHODS AND RESULTS - To investigate the epigenetic effect in utero, we generated genetically identical heterozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient progeny from mothers with a wild-type or apolipoprotein E-deficient background. A significant increase in loss of endothelial cell volume was observed in the carotid arteries of fetuses of apolipoprotein E-deficient mothers, but fatty streak formation was absent. Spontaneous atherosclerosis development was absent in the aorta and carotid arteries in adult life. We unilaterally placed a constrictive collar around the carotid artery to induce lesion formation. In offspring from apolipoprotein E-deficient mothers, collar placement resulted in severe neointima formation in 9 of 10 mice analyzed compared with only minor lesion volume (2 of 10) in the progeny of wild-type mothers. CONCLUSIONS - We conclude that the susceptibility to neointima formation of morphologically normal adult arteries is already imprinted during prenatal development and manifests itself in the presence of additional atherogenic risk factors in adult life. Future research will concentrate on the mechanisms involved in this priming process, as well as on prevention strategies. © 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
- Published
- 2007
45. Parental exposure to enriched uranium induced delayed hyperactivity in rat offspring
- Author
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Cyrill Bussy, Sandrine Frelon, P. Houpert, Philippe Lestaevel, Patrick Gourmelon, François Paquet, Laboratoire de radiotoxicologie et radiobiologie expérimentale (LRTOX), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
- Subjects
Litter Size ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,open field test ,Toxicology ,Open field ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Lactation ,rat ,0303 health sciences ,General Neuroscience ,Late effect ,article ,Uranium ,aged ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,female ,priority journal ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Gestation ,medicine.symptom ,inorganic chemicals ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,brain ,animal experiment ,target organ ,chemistry.chemical_element ,prenatal drug exposure ,lactation ,Biology ,Hyperkinesis ,Motor Activity ,Enriched uranium ,progeny ,complex mixtures ,immaturity ,working memory ,uranium ,03 medical and health sciences ,male ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,controlled study ,maze test ,Sex Ratio ,030304 developmental biology ,nonhuman ,behavior ,Rattus ,disease predisposition ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,medicine.disease ,hyperactivity ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Sprague-Dawley ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Several recent reports suggest that chronic exposure to uranium could induce behavioural effects in adult rats. As the immature brains are known to be more susceptible to toxic effects, rats were observed in an open field, in a Y-maze and in an elevated plus-maze at 2, 5 and 9 months old after exposure to enriched uranium (40 mg l-1) during gestation and lactation. The rats exposed to enriched uranium showed a significant decrease in alternation in the Y-maze at 2 months old which reflects a slight decrease in the spatial working memory capacities as previously described in adult rats. However, the main result was a delayed hyperactivity in the rats exposed to enriched uranium, which appeared to a slight extent at 5 months old and was more evident at 9 months old. Although this effect could not be directly explained by some uranium accumulation in the target organs, this experiment showed that early exposure to enriched uranium can induce a very late effect on the rat behaviour and that such studies should not be restricted to the effects observed on young rats. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2007
46. Subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity study, preceded by an in utero exposure phase, with arachidonate-enriched triglyceride oil (SUNTGA40S) in rats
- Author
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Y. Suwa, A.P.M. Wolterbeek, S. Fujikawa, S. Tsuda, Y. Ishikura, M. Dohnalek, B.A.R. Lina, and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Male ,food intake ,prenatal exposure ,Toxicology ,Essential fatty acid ,Pregnancy ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,fertility ,Arachidonic Acid ,Reproduction ,food and beverages ,reticulocyte ,risk assessment ,General Medicine ,docosahexaenoic acid ,Fish oil ,Lipids ,mating ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,erythrocyte count ,Arachidonic acid ,Safety ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal tissue ,mouth disease ,Humans ,Rats, Wistar ,Biology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,animal model ,cholesterol ,hemoglobin ,sex ratio ,Rattus norvegicus ,spleen weight ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ,Rat ,dietary intake ,Corn oil ,cognition ,urinalysis ,SUNTGA40S ,Administration, Oral ,health status ,fish oil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Random Allocation ,fat ,Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,corn oil ,Toxicity Tests, Chronic ,article ,weight gain ,Organ Size ,Reproductive indices ,enzyme activity ,Animals, Suckling ,fat intake ,female ,Docosahexaenoic acid ,diet supplementation ,Infant Food ,medicine.symptom ,triacylglycerol ,alkaline phosphatase ,lipid diet ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid ,Docosahexaenoic Acids ,growth ,hematocrit ,animal experiment ,low fat diet ,lactation ,progeny ,Zea mays ,Sub-chronic toxicity ,sexual behavior ,Infant Nutrition Physiology ,Sex Factors ,Dietary Fats, Unsaturated ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Animalia ,controlled study ,ophthalmoscopy ,phospholipid ,Triglycerides ,nonhuman ,Triglyceride ,Body Weight ,Infant, Newborn ,prothrombin time ,Rats ,Animals, Newborn ,Scombridae gen. sp ,Weight gain ,Food Science - Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are natural constituents found in human milk, fish oil or egg yolk. Until recently, infant formulas, though providing the essential fatty acid precursors for these PUFAs, did not contain preformed ARA or DHA. In this study the safety of SUNTGA40S as source of ARA, not only for use in infant formulas but also for nutritional products or food supplements, was evaluated in a subchronic study in Wistar rats, preceded by a 4-week pretreatment period of parental (F0) rats and exposure of the F0 dams throughout mating, gestation and lactation. SUNTGA40S was administered at dietary levels of 0.5%, 1.5% and 5% (wt/wt) adjusted with corn oil to 5.76% added fat. An additional group received 3.65% (wt/wt) SUNTGA40S in conjunction with 2.11% (wt/wt) high DHA Tuna oil, providing an ARA:DHA ratio of 2.7:1. High-fat and low-fat controls received basal diet with or without 5.76% corn-oil supplement. The content, stability and homogeneous distribution of the test substances in the diet were confirmed under study conditions. The administration of SUNTGA40S, with or without DHA oil, did not affect health, growth, fertility or reproductive performance of the parental rats, nor pup characteristics (condition, weight gain, viability, number per litter or sex ratio). In the subchronic study with the offspring (F1) rats, no significant differences were found in condition, neurobehavioural observations, ophthalmoscopy, growth, urinalysis or macroscopic and microscopic findings between the test groups and the low-fat or the high-fat controls. In males of the 5% SUNTGA40S and the SUNTGA40S/DHA group, red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were lower and reticulocytes were slightly higher than in the high-fat and low-fat control groups. Cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in plasma were lower than in the high-fat controls in both sexes in the 5% SUNTGA40S and the SUNTGA40S/DHA group and (for triglycerides only) in the 1.5% SUNTGA group. Due to the administration of extra dietary fat, food intake and prothrombin time (males only) were lower and alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in all the high-fat groups, including the corn-oil controls, as compared to the low-fat controls. The weight of the spleen was higher in males of the 5% SUNTGA40S and the SUNTGA40S/DHA group compared to both the low-fat and the high-fat controls. The effects noted in this study at high dose levels of SUNTGA40S are consistent with previously reported physiological responses to dietary intake of high PUFA containing oils. The present results provide evidence that SUNTGA40S is a safe source of arachidonic acid. Except during lactation when the intake in dams doubled, 5% Suntga40S in the diet was equivalent to an overall intake of approximately 3 g/kg body weight/day in F0 and F1 animals. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2006
47. 2D and 3D assessment of neuropathology in rat brain after prenatal exposure to methylazoxymethanol, a model for developmental neurotoxicty
- Subjects
Male ,Neuron numbers ,Methylazoxymethanol Acetate ,methylazoxymethanol ,hippocampus ,Stereology ,Wistar ,brain development ,prenatal exposure ,Cell Count ,Imaging ,Pregnancy ,Cerebellum ,neurotoxicity ,linear system ,rat ,developmental disorder ,evaluation ,morphometrics ,quantitative analysis ,three dimensional imaging ,article ,pyramidal nerve cell ,Brain ,Organ Size ,Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ,female ,Teratogens ,brain size ,Maternal Exposure ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Abnormalities ,strength ,brain weight ,animal experiment ,progeny ,animal tissue ,Injections ,Toxicity Tests ,Animals ,controlled study ,Intraperitoneal ,Biology ,neuropathology ,nonhuman ,animal model ,Linear morphometry ,Rats ,cell proliferation ,nervous system ,Outbred Strains ,Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ,Drug-Induced ,Three-Dimensional ,Developmental neurotoxicity ,cell structure - Abstract
To evaluate the ability of a tiered quantitative morphological approach to reveal developmental neurotoxicity, morphometric parameters were measured in the offspring of rats treated with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during days 13-15 of pregnancy. Treatment was aimed at inhibiting the proliferation phase of hippocampal neurons while leaving cerebellar neurons unaffected. 2D and 3D assessment of brain morphology combined with straightforward measurement of brain size, weight and volume, and the usefulness of estimation of total neuron numbers were studied. Each tier indicated major effects of MAM, from macroscopic effects in the cerebrum (first tier) to a considerable loss of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer (third tier). The cerebellum and the number of cerebellar granular neurons were not changed. Along with each step of the proposed tiered approach (brain size → linear morphometry → stereology), the discriminative strength of the endpoints, and thus the probability to pinpoint the extent and location of developmental brain lesions increased. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2005
48. 2D and 3D assessment of neuropathology in rat brain after prenatal exposure to methylazoxymethanol, a model for developmental neurotoxicty
- Author
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Groot, D.M.G. de, Hartgring, S., Horst, L. van de, Moerkens, M., Otto, M., Bos-Kuijpers, M.H.M., Kaufmann, W.S.H., Lammers, J.H.C.M., O'Callaghan, J.P., Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H., Pakkenberg, B., Gundersen, H.G., and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Male ,Neuron numbers ,Methylazoxymethanol Acetate ,methylazoxymethanol ,hippocampus ,Stereology ,brain development ,prenatal exposure ,Cell Count ,Pregnancy ,Cerebellum ,neurotoxicity ,linear system ,rat ,developmental disorder ,evaluation ,morphometrics ,quantitative analysis ,three dimensional imaging ,article ,pyramidal nerve cell ,Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ,Brain ,Organ Size ,Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ,female ,Teratogens ,brain size ,Maternal Exposure ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,strength ,Injections, Intraperitoneal ,brain weight ,animal experiment ,progeny ,animal tissue ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Toxicity Tests ,Animals, Outbred Strains ,Animals ,controlled study ,Rats, Wistar ,Biology ,neuropathology ,nonhuman ,animal model ,Linear morphometry ,Rats ,cell proliferation ,nervous system ,Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ,Developmental neurotoxicity ,cell structure - Abstract
To evaluate the ability of a tiered quantitative morphological approach to reveal developmental neurotoxicity, morphometric parameters were measured in the offspring of rats treated with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during days 13-15 of pregnancy. Treatment was aimed at inhibiting the proliferation phase of hippocampal neurons while leaving cerebellar neurons unaffected. 2D and 3D assessment of brain morphology combined with straightforward measurement of brain size, weight and volume, and the usefulness of estimation of total neuron numbers were studied. Each tier indicated major effects of MAM, from macroscopic effects in the cerebrum (first tier) to a considerable loss of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer (third tier). The cerebellum and the number of cerebellar granular neurons were not changed. Along with each step of the proposed tiered approach (brain size → linear morphometry → stereology), the discriminative strength of the endpoints, and thus the probability to pinpoint the extent and location of developmental brain lesions increased. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2005
49. Radiation-induced nondisjunction. [Gamma rays; humans; mice]
- Author
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Uchida, I
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Studies of the effect of 0. 4-Gy and 0. 6-Gy prenatal X-irradiation on postnatal adult behavior in the Wistar rat
- Author
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Vogel, W
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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