57,627 results
Search Results
52. A Review of Some Statistical Activities in The Reed Paper Group
- Author
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Moore, P. G.
- Published
- 1964
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53. Frank Yates and Experimental Design-Reflections Inspired by his Selected Papers
- Author
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Sprent, P.
- Published
- 1973
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54. A Biometrics Invited Paper. Topics in Variance Component Estimation
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Searle, S. R.
- Published
- 1971
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55. A Biometrics Invited Paper. Factor Analysis: An Introduction to Essentials II. The Role of Factor Analysis in Research
- Author
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Cattell, Raymond B.
- Published
- 1965
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56. The Reliability of General Certificate of Education Examination English Composition Papers in West Africa
- Author
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Akeju, S. A.
- Published
- 1972
57. How to Read a Paper: Statistics for the Non-Statistician. I: Different Types of Data Need Different Statistical Tests
- Published
- 1997
58. Assessing the Reliability of Survey Instruments. AIR 1983 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
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Valiga, Michael J.
- Abstract
An analysis of variance approach to estimating reliability is examined. This approach uses an internal-consistency index for estimating the reliability of survey instruments containing ranked items, and is recommended when the relative ranking of item means is of interest to survey researchers. The computation of this index is demonstrated using data from three American College Testing Program surveys: Student Opinion Survey, Entering Student Survey, and Adult Learner Needs Assessment Survey. Eighteen of the 250 postsecondary institutions that utilized these surveys between 1980 and 1983 were studied. Survey records were analyzed using a coefficient reliability procedure available through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The reliability estimate requires little computation, since the mean square values necessary to calculate the estimate may be obtained directly from analysis of variance tables. Since the approach is based on the internal-consistency of raters' responses, only one administration of the instrument is necessary. The major problem in using the proposed approach centers on the treatment of missing data. A bibliography is appended. (SW)
- Published
- 1983
59. Multivariate Analysis in Institutional Research. AIR Forum 1979 Paper.
- Author
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Carney, Paul
- Abstract
This introduction to the theory and application of multivariate analysis is designed to assist institutional researchers who are interested in using these techniques to analyze issues within their respective institutions. A brief introduction to multivariate theory, consisting of a rationale for multivariate statistics and an overview of selected multivariate techniques, is presented. Applications of multivariate analysis in institutional research, obtained from a review of the literature in the field, are discussed, with particular emphasis given to studies because of their utilization of intrainstitutional, rather than interinstitutional data. The studies described used a variety of multivariate statistical procedures, including multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, canonical correlation, and factor analysis. Possible applications are suggested in the traditional institutional research areas of students, faculty, academic programs, resource allocation, and institutional evaluation. Additional potential applications of multivariate analysis in institutional research are also suggested, including using discriminant analysis as a classification technique. (SC)
- Published
- 1979
60. Comment on the paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China'.
- Author
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Chia, Rogers Wainkwa, Lee, Jin-Yong, and Cha, Jihye
- Subjects
- *
SOIL pollution , *FILTER paper , *SOIL science , *DISSECTING microscopes , *LAND use , *SUBSOILS - Abstract
Research on soil microplastics is currently at an early stage, and there is no widely approved sampling protocol. Even so, any basic research should minimize errors to ensure that they are not amplified in future research. This paper examines some weaknesses of the original research paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China' recently published in this journal. The authors neglected to report the equipment used for soil sampling and did not use field blank samples. There is also a soil layer that was incorrectly named. The type and pore size of filter paper used for filtration during pre-analytical soil sample preparation is very important. In this paper the nature of the filter paper used, and its larger pore sizes are questionable by today's scientists. In addition, the authors in the original paper also overlooked reporting the statistical package used for statical analysis and ensuring if all data sets obey normality, homogeneity, and equality before running the one-way ANOVA test. This statistical step is widely considered mandatory, especially in the soil science community. So, this makes it difficult to trust the results documented. Furthermore, in the original paper, the needle and stereo microscope instruments used to sort microplastic-like materials prior to proper analysis are not reliable. [Display omitted] • A dissecting needle and stereo microscope shouldn't be used to sort out soil microplastics. • Gold-coated filter paper with smaller pore size is better than nitrocellulose filter paper. • The 0–10cm is the top soil layer and 10–20cm is the subsoil layer not a deep soil layer. • The statistical package used for analysis must be documented accordingly. • If the dataset is a normal distribution prior to ANOVA testing, it must be confirmed and reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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61. A Comparison of Computer-Monitored Group Tests with Paper-and-Pencil Tests
- Author
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Hoffman, Kaaren I. and Lundberg, George D.
- Abstract
Conventional paper-and-pencil testing was compared to computer-assisted testing on a pharmacy school pathology test. Individual items were speeded in the computer-assisted mode. In addition to responses, the number and pattern of changes in responses were analyzed. True-false, multiple-choice and matching items were used. (JKS)
- Published
- 1976
62. Evaluation of a Confidence Interval Approach for Relative Agreement in a Crossed Three-Way Random Effects Model
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Cappelleri, Joseph C., Ting, Naitee, Chen, Jiahua, Series editor, Chen, Ding-Geng (Din), Series editor, Chen, Zhen, editor, Liu, Aiyi, editor, Qu, Yongming, editor, Tang, Larry, editor, Ting, Naitee, editor, and Tsong, Yi, editor
- Published
- 2015
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63. Comparison of the quality of documentation between electronic and paper medical records in orthopaedic trauma patients.
- Author
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Witkowski, Chris, Kimmel, Lara, Edwards, Elton, and Cosic, Filip
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ANALYSIS of variance , *PATIENTS , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DOCUMENTATION , *T-test (Statistics) , *EMERGENCY medical services , *MEDICAL records , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ORTHOPEDICS , *ELECTRONIC health records , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective: The medical record is critical for documentation and communication between healthcare professionals. This study compared the completeness of orthopaedic documentation between the electronic medical record (EMR) and paper medical record (PMR). Methods: A review was undertaken of 400 medical records (200 EMR, 200 PMR) of patients with operatively managed traumatic lower limb injury. The operative report, discharge summary and first and second out-patient reviews were evaluated using criteria designed by a senior orthopaedic surgeon and senior physiotherapist. The criteria included information deemed critical to the post-operative care of the patient in the first 6 weeks post-surgery. Results: In all cases, an operative report was completed by a senior surgeon. Notable findings included inferior documentation of patient weight-bearing status on the operative report in the EMR than PMR group (P = 0.018). There was a significant improvement in the completion of discharge summaries in the EMR compared with PMR cohort (100% vs 82.5% respectively; P < 0.001). In the PMR group, 70.0% of discharge summaries were completed and adequately documented, compared with 91.5% of those in the EMR group (P < 0.001). At out-patient review, there was an improvement in documentation of weight-bearing instructions in the EMR compared with PMR group (81.1% vs 76.2% respectively; P = 0.032). Conclusion: The EMR is associated with an improvement in the standard of orthopaedic medical record documentation, but deficiencies remain in key components of the medical record. What is known about the topic?: Medical records are an essential tool in modern medical practice and have significant implications for patient care and management, communication and medicolegal issues. Despite the importance of comprehensive documentation, numerous examples of poor documentation continue to be demonstrated. Recently, significant changes to the medical record in Australia have been implemented with the conversion of some hospitals to an EMR and the implementation of the My Health Record. What does this paper add?: Standards of patient care should be monitored continuously and deficiencies identified in order to implement measures for improvement and to close the quality loop. This study has highlighted that although there has been improvement in medical record keeping with the implementation of an EMR, the standard of orthopaedic medical record keeping continues to be below what is expected, and several key areas of documentation require improvement. What are the implications for practitioners?: The implications of these findings for practitioners are to highlight current deficiencies in documentation and promote change in current practice to improve the quality of medical record documentation among medical staff. Although the EMR has improved documentation, there remain areas for further improvement, and hospital administrators will find these observations useful in implementing ongoing change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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64. The Development of Locative Expressions in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, No. 13.
- Author
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Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Linguistics., Johnson, Judith R., and Slobin, Dan I.
- Abstract
A study was conducted in 1972-73 in Berkeley, Rome, Dubrovnik, and Istanbul, in order to examine the differences and similarities in the sequence of the development of locative expressions in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. The subjects consisted of 48 two-, three-, and four-year-olds in each field site. Groups of three girls and three boys were tested at each of eight age levels, and each child was re-tested four months later. The experimenter, in each case a female native speaker, placed objects on a table and elicited locative expressions from each child. Seven expressions were investigated, corresponding to the English "in,""on,""under,""beside,""between,""in back," and "in front." The total number of different locative notions expressed by each child was counted and correlated with language, age, sex, and time factors. The Guttman scaling procedures were used to establish the order in which each notion was learned in each language. Results suggest that the course of acquisition of these locative expressions in these children includes both cross-linguistic similarities and differences which can be explained by a complex interaction of conceptual difficulty, cognitive salience, and linguistic complexity. (AM)
- Published
- 1977
65. Effects of Four Instructional Sequences on Application and Transfer. IDD&E Working Paper No. 12
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education. and Chao, Chun-I
- Abstract
Using the Component Display Theory as an analyzing tool, this study compared the effects of expository and discovery methods of instruction on two learning outcomes, application and transfer. One hundred ninth grade students in each of four earth science classes were randomly assigned to five groups--four experimental groups designed to test four instructional sequences and a control group. The sequences investigated were: (1) GEPG, i.e., a generality at the beginning of a lesson, followed by examples and practice exercises, and ending with a restatement of the generality (expository); (2) EP, i.e., examples followed by practice (discovery); (3) GEP, i.e., a generality first, followed by examples and then practice (expository); and (4) EPG, i.e., examples followed by practice and ending with a generality (discovery). A posttest-only control group served as the experimental design. The four treatment groups received different versions of a lesson on the concept and two basic principles of plate tectonics. Each student was given a lesson booklet and a separate booklet of figures and maps as study aids, and learning was self-paced. At the end of the lesson, they were expected to transfer this knowledge to a different situation by generating a new but related principle. Data from the 39 students who completed the activity were analyzed using analysis of variance and a 2 x 2 factorial design. No significant differences were found among the groups for either application or transfer learning, although partial support was found for one of the three hypotheses tested. (RP)
- Published
- 1983
66. The Effects of Format of Synthesizer on Conceptual Learning. IDD&E Working Paper No. 13.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education. and McLean, Lois
- Abstract
One of the important components of the elaboration theory (Reigeluth, 1979) is the synthesizer, which provides information to relate and integrate a set of concepts and which can appear in different formats. This study investigated the effectiveness of three formats of post-instruction synthesizer on student recall of definitions of concepts and recall of relationships among those concepts. The subjects were 47 high school students who were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) no synthesizer (instruction only); (2) visual synthesizer (tree-chart diagram); (3) verbal synthesizer (written prose); (4) visual plus verbal synthesizer; and (5) control (posttest only). The four treatment groups simultaneously viewed a general-to-detailed slide-tape presentation on microcomputer system parts. A 41-item, short-answer posttest was administered to the no-synthesizer group immediately and to the other three experimental groups following brief study of their assigned synthesizers. Although no significant differences were found between the treatment groups on remembering definitions, the diagram synthesizer group was significantly better at remembering the relationships than the verbal and no-synthesis groups, and the diagram plus verbal synthesis group was significantly better than the no-synthesis group. Contrary to the three hypotheses tested, these results suggest that instruction for parts-conceptual relationships should use a visual-only synthesizer format. This report includes examples of different synthesizers as well as five references. (Author/RP)
- Published
- 1983
67. Change, Responsibility and Teaching Behaviors: Three New Scales for Their Measurement. Institute of Education Occasional Paper No. 24.
- Author
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Institute of Education (Singapore). and Soh, Kay-Cheng
- Abstract
Eighty Singapore teachers voluntarily participated in the evaluation of three new scales: (1) the Responsibility Scale, which measures the teacher's sense of responsibility, willingness to take on additional new duties, and perception of being assigned duties; (2) the Change Scale which measures the teacher's acceptance of changes in life as normal happenings, and feelings toward change as enriching life experience; and (3) the Teaching Behaviors Scale, which reports the frequency of teacher reinforcement, feedback, presentation, consolidation, evaluation, and management behaviors. The efficacy of each new scale was studied by item analysis, internal consistency check, analysis of variance, and correlation with criterion measures. The Educational Attitude Scale, Teacher Locus of Control Scale, Dogmatism Scale, and Machiavellianism Scale were the criterion measures used for evaluating the validity of the new scales. With the exception of a small number of weak items, the three scales have items which show acceptable discrimination. The scales have high reliability and correlate with educational attitude and locus of control. There is evidence of concurrent as well as discriminant validity. (PN)
- Published
- 1985
68. A Diploma Program in Liberal Studies; Report on a Preliminary Investigation. Occasional Papers in Continuing Education, 1.
- Author
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British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Dept. of Univ. Extension., Waterton, Patricia, and Blaney, John P.
- Abstract
This study sought to examine the potential role of a liberal studies diploma program at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and to determine the extent and nature of interest in such a program. Data were obtained from 870 completed questionnaires (a 32% response) concerning educational level and degrees, age, sex, income, occupation, marital and family status, enrollment in noncredit and extrasessional credit courses, preferences as to times and days of the week for part-time study, and feelings as to hours a week to be devoted to class attendance and home study. Results suggested that a liberal studies diploma program would attract the types of adults from higher educational and occupational levels who already enroll in UBC extension programs. It was also suggested that such a diploma program should enable adults to study, systematically and part time, the humanities and social sciences over a two or three year period, with a flexible and individualized curriculum and a seminar approach involving residential workshops, field trips, and other relatively unconventional teaching techniques. (Included are a program description, questionnaire, footnotes, and 23 tables.) (ly)
- Published
- 1968
69. Automated analysis of pen-on-paper spirals for tremor detection, quantification, and differentiation.
- Author
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Rajan, Roopa, Anandapadmanabhan, Reghu, Nageswaran, Sharmila, Radhakrishnan, Vineeth, Saini, Arti, Krishnan, Syam, Gupta, Anu, Vishnu, Venugopalan Y., Pandit, Awadh K., Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Radhakrishnan, Divya M, Singh, Mamta Bhushan, Bhatia, Rohit, Srivastava, Achal, Kishore, Asha, and Padma Srivastava, M. V.
- Subjects
STATISTICS ,RESEARCH ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANALYSIS of variance ,TASK performance ,HANDWRITING ,ACCELEROMETERS ,DYSTONIA ,MOVEMENT disorders ,TREMOR ,DRAWING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PARKINSON'S disease ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,DATA analysis software ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop an automated algorithm to detect, quantify, and differentiate between tremor using pen-on-paper spirals. METHODS: Patients with essential tremor (n = 25), dystonic tremor (n = 25), Parkinson’s disease (n = 25), and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 25) drew free-hand spirals. The algorithm derived the mean deviation (MD) and tremor variability from scanned images. MD and tremor variability were compared with 1) the Bain and Findley scale, 2) the Fahn–Tolosa–Marin tremor rating scale (FTM–TRS), and 3) the peak power and total power of the accelerometer spectra. Inter and intra loop widths were computed to differentiate between the tremor. RESULTS: MD was higher in the tremor group (48.9±26.3) than in HV (26.4±5.3; p < 0.001). The cut-off value of 30.3 had 80.9% sensitivity and 76.0% specificity for the detection of the tremor [area under the curve: 0.83; 95% confidence index (CI): 0.75, 0.91, p < 0.001]. MD correlated with the Bain and Findley ratings (rho = 0.491, p = 0 < 0.001), FTM–TRS part B (rho = 0.260, p = 0.032) and accelerometric measures of postural tremor (total power, rho = 0.366, p < 0.001; peak power, rho = 0.402, p < 0.001). Minimum Detectable Change was 19.9%. Inter loop width distinguished Parkinson’s disease spirals from dystonic tremor (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 54.6, 211.1), essential tremor (p = 0.003, 95% CI: 28.5, 184.9), or HV (p = 0.036, 95% CI: -160.4, -3.9). CONCLUSION: The automated analysis of pen-on-paper spirals generated robust variables to quantify the tremor and putative variables to distinguish them from each other. SIGNIFICANCE: This technique maybe useful for epidemiological surveys and follow-up studies on tremor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. The effect of uncoated paper application on skin moisture, risk of pressure injury and incidence of pressure injury in neurologic intensive care unit patients: A randomized controlled trial.
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Choi, Yoo‐Hyung and Kim, Sung Reul
- Subjects
- *
INTENSIVE care units , *RESEARCH , *ANALYSIS of variance , *PRESSURE ulcers , *HUMIDITY , *DISEASE incidence , *TERTIARY care , *MANN Whitney U Test , *RISK assessment , *SKIN physiology , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *T-test (Statistics) , *REPEATED measures design , *BLIND experiment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *GLASGOW Coma Scale , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DATA analysis software , *DISEASE risk factors ,BEDSORE risk factors - Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of uncoated paper on skin moisture, pressure injury risk and pressure injury incidence in neurological intensive care unit patients. Methods: A randomized controlled design was used. The experimental group (n = 68) received usual care (repositioning every 2 h and use of an air mattress) and application of uncoated paper on the sacral area for 5 days, whereas the control group (n = 67) received only usual care. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine changes in the skin moisture and risk of pressure injury between the groups. A chi‐squared test was used to determine the change in the incidence of pressure injuries for sacral area. Data were collected from 20 October 2017 to 6 March 2018. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the skin moisture and risk of pressure injuries between the experimental and control groups. However, a significant difference was not observed in the incidence of pressure injuries between the groups. Conclusion: The use of uncoated paper may be a valid nursing intervention for the prevention of pressure injuries in neurological intensive care unit patients. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The neurological intensive care unit patients with motor deficits, loss or deterioration of sensory function and decreased consciousness have high risk of pressure injuries.Although various guidelines consider excessive skin moisture as an important cause of pressure injuries, few targeted interventions exist to manage excessive skin moisture. What this paper adds? The uncoated paper application was effective in reducing skin moisture in neurologic intensive care unit patients.In addition, application of uncoated paper application has an effect on risk of pressure injury in neurologic intensive care unit patients. The implications of this paper: The use of uncoated paper may be a valid nursing intervention for the prevention of pressure injuries in neurological intensive care unit patients.Nurses should recognize that pressure injuries are potentially preventable adverse events and use various preventive interventions including skin moisture management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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71. Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Urine Dried on Filter Paper.
- Author
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Amin, Minal M, Wong, Phili, McCann, Mark, and Dollard, Sheila C
- Subjects
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUS disease diagnosis , *NEWBORN screening , *ANALYSIS of variance , *FACTOR analysis , *URINALYSIS , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Urine is the best specimen for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus, but collection and processing of liquid urine are impractical for screening. Urine dried on filter paper was processed by the same convenient, low-cost method used by newborn screening to test blood spots and showed high sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. Comments on a Paper by I. Olkin and M. Vaeth on Two-Way Analysis of Variance with Correlated Errors
- Author
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Walters, D. E. and Rowell, J. G.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
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73. Regression modeling of solid mottle in coated papers.
- Author
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Joshi, Akshay
- Subjects
PRINTING ,PAPER industry ,PACKAGING industry ,INTAGLIO inks ,STOCHASTIC analysis ,ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
The print industry has observed an exponential growth over the last decade. A shift from plastics to paper has been observed in the packaging industry due to its sustainability. The gravure process dominates the packaging industry because of long runs and high print precision. This work focuses on the effect of gravure process parameters on print mottle for 50 GSM (gram/square meters) and 65 GSM (gram/square meters) C1S (coated-one-side) paper. Solid mottle refers to unevenness in print density and occurs due to variations in substrate, ink, and process parameters degrading the print quality, thereby resulting in printed wastage and loss to an organization. The intricate mechanism of ink transfer in the gravure process needs to be studied in depth so as to deliver higher yield and lower print waste. The Stochastic Frequency Distribution Analysis (SFDA) algorithm was used to measure the print mottle. The design of experiments (DOE) was run for gravure process parameters such as line screen, viscosity, press speed, electrostatic assist (ESA) voltage, and air gap (distance between impression roller and charge bar) at varying levels. The experimental data were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA), main plot, and interaction plot. The analysis revealed significance of all process parameters for minimization of solid mottle. The optimized settings showed reduction in solid mottle by 64.68% and 67.78% for 50 GSM and 65 GSM, respectively. A stepwise regression model was developed to predict the print mottle that showed correlation coefficient of 0.912 and 0.938 for 50 GSM and 65 GSM C1S papers. This work could serve as a framework to maintain operating levels of gravure process for minimization of solid mottle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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74. Osmanlı Devleti'nde Kaime ve Döviz Kuru Piyasalarında Rassal Yürüyüş Hipotezi'nin Analizi.
- Author
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ÇETİN, Mehmet
- Subjects
INTEREST rates ,RANDOM walks ,PAPER money ,FOREIGN exchange rates ,ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. Usability and Emotions of Mental Health Assessment Tools: Comparing Mobile App and Paper-and-Pencil Modalities.
- Author
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Liu, Yang S., Hankey, Jeffrey, Lou, Nigel Mantou, Chokka, Pratap, and Harley, Jason M.
- Subjects
- *
COMPETENCY assessment (Law) , *STATISTICS , *ANALYSIS of variance , *MOBILE apps , *USER interfaces , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *COMPARATIVE studies , *SEX distribution , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *ANALYSIS of covariance , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *EMOTIONS , *DATA analysis , *TELEMEDICINE - Abstract
Users' experiences in mental health assessment are multifaceted, including their emotional experiences. Yet, studies of mobile apps for psychiatric assessment have centered on diagnostic accuracy and perceived usability, with little consideration of the impact of user emotional experiences. In this study, we focused on users' perceived usability and emotions and compared the user experience of a paper-and-pencil and an app-based collection of mental health screening questionnaires: EarlyDetect. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and modality-directed emotion questionnaires were administered using paper-and-pencil or iPad. Modality was assigned pseudo-randomly on patients' first visit at a referral-based mental health clinic. We found that patients assigned to the iPad app reported a significantly higher SUS score than patients assigned to paper-and-pencil, qualified by a modality-by-gender interaction where modality effects were significant for men but not for women. Moreover, enjoyment was positively linked to perceived usability, whereas boredom, frustration, and anxiety were negatively linked to usability. Our findings illustrate the added value of studying user experience applied to psychiatric assessments, where both emotions and gender-specific user experience should be taken into consideration. We further discuss the implications for psychiatric assessments via app versus traditional data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. Effects of Alternative Student Performance Graphing Procedures on Achievement.
- Author
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Fuchs, Lynn S. and Fuchs, Douglas
- Abstract
This meta-analysis investigates the effects on achievement of type of graphing paper employed in displaying student performance data collected over time. Ongoing curriculum-based measurement systems employing Data-Based Program Development (DBPD) provide a data source of 16 controlled studies with 17 effect sizes. A total of 3,494 subjects participated in these studies, with 81 percent of the investigations employing handicapped subjects. The average weighted unbiased effect sizes for six-cycle and equal interval paper, respectively, were .65 and .46. Hedges' analogue to analysis of variance indicated this difference was not statistically reliable. This study provides a basis for two conclusions: (1) the existing data base concerning methods for displaying student performance data indicates that type of graphing method does not affect student achievement reliably; and (2) this meta-analysis highlights the need for components of DBPD, including graphing conventions, to be contrasted within the context of controlled experimental investigations. Comparisons of DBPD components within controlled experimental studies should provide important knowledge about critical elements of ongoing monitoring systems for effective development of individualized instructional programs. Implications for special education practice are discussed. An appendix lists the reports included in the meta-analysis. (Author/PN)
- Published
- 1986
77. Modeling of Insulation Paper Damage in the Assembly of a Solid Slot Winding
- Author
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Marjan Jenko and Blaz Stefe
- Subjects
Materials science ,dielectrics and electrical insulation ,General Computer Science ,Stator ,design for experiments ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,law.invention ,breakdown voltage ,Matrix (mathematics) ,design for manufacture ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Breakdown voltage ,General Materials Science ,Analysis of variance ,Magnet wire ,Smoothness ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Structural engineering ,extended additive model ,Small set ,Design for manufacturability ,Electromagnetic coil ,engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
Tight assembly of stator windings with no insulation paper damage is a manufacturing challenge. We evaluate different sets of parts according to the following parameters: magnet wire thickness, stator slot smoothness, length of the straight magnet wire after the slot end, and type and amount of insulation cap at the end of the slot. These parameters have discrete values with small differences between them. The damage criterion is the decrease of the insulation paper breakdown voltage after assembly/disassembly of parts, assembled in a small set of designed experiments. Parameter values, i.e., levels at individual experiments are set by an orthogonal experiment matrix. Repetition of each experiment provides statistical significance. Data analysis shows that the additive model alone is not sufficient due to the high correlation of the parameters’ influences. We extend the model to include interparameter influences, which we model by adding a virtual parameter. The extended additive model generates parameter values that do not degrade the insulation paper breakdown voltage within the manufacturing process. These values are verified by repetitions of the control experiment.
- Published
- 2020
78. The effects of reading on pixel vs. paper: a comparative study.
- Author
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Çınar, Murat, Doğan, Dilek, and Seferoğlu, Süleyman Sadi
- Subjects
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PILOT projects , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test , *ANALYSIS of variance , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DIGITAL technology , *SMARTPHONES , *MANN Whitney U Test , *SCREEN time , *COMPARATIVE studies , *ACHIEVEMENT tests , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *SCHOOL children , *DATA analysis software , *READING , *EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects that reading on screens (using digital devices with different screen sizes) and on paper have on reading time and comprehension. The study group was comprised of126 secondary students from a private school. To ensure balance, the participants were assigned into test groups, formed according to the size of the reading device, based on class levels, gender, and average school grade. In the data collection process, a narrative text was transferred to both print and electronic media. Access to the text was provided on paper and three digital devices. There were no time limitations. After reading, participants were given comprehension tests that consisted of twenty multiple-choice questions. Female participants' on-screen comprehension scores were found to be relatively higher compared to their paper comprehension scores. They also acquired better scores as the screen size increased. Conversely, male participants had higher comprehension scores on tablets and smart phones. Participants who read the text on smart phones and tablets completed the tasks in less time compared to other groups. However, the effects of reading modality on comprehension and reading time were not found to be statistically significant in either the male or female groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
79. Exploring Superior Distribution Practices in the Paper Industry.
- Author
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KALE, RAHUL, YOUNGTAE CHOI, PAULRAJ, ANTONY, and WILLIAMSON, STEVEN
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PAPER industry , *INVENTORIES , *PHYSICAL distribution , *COMPETITIVE advantage in business , *PERFORMANCE standards , *QUALITY of service , *ANALYSIS of variance , *REGRESSION analysis , *LEAST squares , *MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Studies on effective distribution practices specific to the paper industry are largely non-existent. Therefore, through our exploratory research, we first identify key elements of physical distribution in existing literature. Secondly, we empirically investigate the extent to which these elements influence non-cost-based (such as inventory turnover, order fulfillment etc.) measures of distribution performance in the paper industry. Using a sample of 95 National Paper Trade Association member firms, we create three performance groups (low, medium, and high). Then, we use analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for any differences in the adoption of the physical distribution elements among these groups. Further, through partial least squares regression analysis, we attempt to identify those elements of physical distribution which may be most critical in explaining the differences in distribution performance. Our results provide general support for the importance of the key elements identified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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80. RSM and ann modeling of dissolved oxygen response using paper industry effluent in semi batch fermenter.
- Author
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Sumathi, J., Arulmozhi, M., and Sundaram, S.
- Subjects
DISSOLVED oxygen in water ,PAPER industry ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,OXYGEN ,ANALYSIS of variance ,FORECASTING - Abstract
Effluent from paper industry was oxygenated till saturation using Lark Hygiene Fermenter at 25°C under real time environment. Time, speed, and feed concentration were selected as dominant input factors to determine the dissolved oxygen (DO) under response surface methodology (RSM) based Box–Behnken design to provide 17 experimental runs. The experimental results were optimized using RSM and artificial neural networks (ANN). From RSM analysis, a second-order quadratic representation for single objective optimization was successfully fitted which produced R² = 99.07 and R²
adj = 97.87. Analysis of variance results shows that time and feed concentration were the most significant parameters than the speed, influencing the DO. Another single objective optimization tool ANN produced R² = 96.27 and R²adj = 94.06. Validation analysis provided the predicted values by RSM and ANN were close to the validation values, whereas RSM showed a better prediction than the ANN with the lowest deviation. Hence, the optimal condition predicted by RSM was taken to conduct the confirmatory experiment. The confirmatory experimental condition of time at 6 min, speed of 142 rpm with 90% concentration produced the minimal DO of 5.38 ppm. The error percentage of the predicted with confirmatory experimental and theoretical equations results were 1.11% and 0.035%, respectively, which validates the predicted model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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81. Applications of Multivariate Statistics: A Bibliography of Canonical Correlation Analysis Studies.
- Author
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Thompson, Bruce
- Abstract
Canonical correlation analysis is a sophisticated multivariate technique that subsumes all parametric methods (the "t"-test, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance, and discriminant analysis) as special cases. This bibliography lists 83 applications of canonical correlation analysis reported during the past decade. Forty-one of these analysis studies are conference papers or technical reports, and the remaining 42 studies are published articles or book chapters. The unpublished studies are all available from ERIC. (SLD)
- Published
- 1989
82. The advantage of simple paper abstracts.
- Author
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Letchford, Adrian, Preis, Tobias, and Moat, Helen Susannah
- Subjects
SCIENCE ,PUBLISHING ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,SOCIAL sciences ,ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
Each year, researchers publish an immense number of scientific papers. While some receive many citations, others receive none. Here we investigate whether any of this variance can be explained by the choice of words in a paper's abstract. We find that doubling the word frequency of an average abstract increases citations by 0.70%. We also find that journals which publish papers whose abstracts are shorter and contain more frequently used words receive slightly more citations per paper. Specifically, adding a 5 letter word to an abstract decreases the number of citations by 0.02%. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the style in which a paper's abstract is written bears some relation to its scientific impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. Detecting unexpected scores of individual students in an examination based on past scores and current daily efforts
- Author
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Alauddin, Nursuhana, Tanaka, Saki, and Yamada, Shu
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
84. Research Paper: Effects of Different Doses and Time-Dependency of Busulfan on Testes Parameters and Spermatogenesis in a Rat Model: A Quantitative Stereological Study
- Author
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Azizollah Bakhtari, Soghra Bahmanpour, Bahia Namavar Jahromi, Mojtaba Keshavarz, and Farhad Koohpeyma
- Subjects
Andrology ,Germinal epithelium ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spermatid ,Rat model ,medicine ,Time dependency ,Spermatocyte ,Analysis of variance ,Biology ,Spermatogenesis ,Busulfan ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating testis parameters and spermatogenesis changes in male rats administrated by different busulfan doses and time to construct a subfertile animal model by stereological methods.Materials and Methods: In the present study, 150 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 5 groups. All experimental groups were treated by different concentrations of busulfan (0.0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed 1, 15, and 30 days after busulfan treatment. The tissue processing was done for stereological study and the results were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. Results: The most stereological parameters such as testes weight and volume, tubules volume density, interstitial tissue (P
- Published
- 2019
85. Assessment of black coffee temperature profiles consumed from paper-based cups and effect on affective and descriptive product sensory attributes
- Author
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Chloe N. Stokes, Maurice G. O'Sullivan, and Joseph P. Kerry
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,biology ,Flavour ,Sensory system ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Paper based ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Spectral analysis ,Food science ,Analysis of variance ,Product (category theory) ,Aftertaste ,Aroma ,Food Science ,Mathematics - Abstract
Summary Sensory acceptance testing was used to determine whether the serving temperature of black filter coffee had an effect on the hedonic sensory quality of the imbibed product using naive assessors (n = 25) analysed in duplicate. Additionally, descriptive sensory evaluation was used to assess coffee aroma, flavour and aftertaste attributes at different temperatures using a total of fourteen attributes. Prior to consumption, exothermic spectral analysis was assessed using a thermal imaging camera on each cup of coffee to ensure that the correct drinking temperature was recorded prior to being consumed by assessors. anova Partial Least-Squares Regression (APLSR) was used to analyse experimental data accumulated. This study established that various sensory attributes of coffee are affected by the temperature coffee is imbibed at. Coffee served at 31.0 °C was negatively correlated (P
- Published
- 2016
86. THE MULTIPLE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MAHĀBHĀRATA: A STATISTICAL APPROACH (Paper VI)
- Author
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Yardi, M. R.
- Published
- 1984
87. Detection of unusual scores of individual students for immediate remedy according to daily assessment data
- Author
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Alauddin, Nursuhana and Yamada, Shu
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. The Future of Statistical Software. Proceedings of a Forum--Panel on Guidelines for Statistical Software (Washington, D.C., February 22, 1991).
- Author
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National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
The Panel on Guidelines for Statistical Software was organized in 1990 to document, assess, and prioritize problem areas regarding quality and reliability of statistical software; present prototype guidelines in high priority areas; and make recommendations for further research and discussion. This document provides the following papers presented at the Panel's public forum for gathering material for its deliberations from a wide range of statistical scientists from academe, industry, and government: (1) "Morning Session Opening Remarks" (B. Ryan); (2) "Richness for the One-Way ANOVA Layout" (K. E. Muller); (3) "Serendipitous Data and Future Statistical Software" (P. F. Velleman); (4) "Morning Discussion"; (5) "Afternoon Session Opening Remarks " (F. Young); (6) "An Industry View" (A. Kirsch); (7) "Guidance for One-Way ANOVA" (W. DuMouchel); (8) "Incorporating Statistical Expertise into Data Analysis Software" (D. Pregibon); (9) "Afternoon Discussion"; and (10) "Closing Remarks" (W. Eddy). Three appendices give brief descriptions of the speakers, position statements of some participants, and a list of all forum participants. (SLD)
- Published
- 1991
89. Review Paper on Applications of Principal Component Analysis in Multimodal Biometrics System.
- Author
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Khandelwal, Chhaya Sunil, Maheshewari, Ranjan, and Shinde, U.B.
- Subjects
INFORMATION resources ,DATA quality ,BIOMETRIC identification ,ANALYSIS of variance ,COMPUTER access control - Abstract
Unimodal biometric systems are susceptible to a variety of problems such as noisy data, intra-class variations, limited degrees of freedom, non-universality, spoof attacks and unacceptable error rates. Some of these limitations can be addressed by deploy multimodal biometric systems that integrates the evidence presented by multiple sources of information The proposed system provides effective fusion scheme that combines information presented by the multiple domain experts based on the Rank level fusion integration method, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system which is not possible by the unimodal biometric system. The proposed multimodal biometric system has a number of unique qualities, including principal component analysis and fisher's linear discriminate methods for individual matchers authentication. The novel rank level fusion method is used in order to consolidate the results obtained from different biometric matchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. Comparability of Test Results of Computer based Tests (CBT) and Paper and Pencil Tests (PPT) among English Language Learners in Iran
- Author
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Mostafa Baghdarnia, Mohamad Jafre Zainol Abidin, and Monirosadat Hosseini
- Subjects
computer attitude ,Applied psychology ,Comparability ,Computer based ,English language ,Test (assessment) ,Paper-based test (PBT) ,Reading comprehension ,Test score ,Computer-based test (CBT) ,testpreference ,General Materials Science ,Analysis of variance ,computer familiarity ,test performance ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Pencil (mathematics) - Abstract
This study aims at examining the score comparability of institutional multiple-choice reading comprehension tests in two testing methods, i.e. paper-based and computer-based tests taken by Iranian first-year English students in Azad University of Tehran, Iran. In order to find the results, the researcher required examining the impact of computer-based testing (henceforth CBT) on the test score results, and exploring the relationship between particular test takers’ characteristics such as prior computer familiarity and computer attitudes as well as test performancewith their test scores. Two equivalent tests were administered to participants on two different occasions. Utilizing matched t-test to compare the means of two test modes, the results of the study show the priority of PPT over CBT with .01 degree of difference at p
- Published
- 2014
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91. Optimized precooling combined with SO2‐released paper treatment improves the storability of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits stored at room temperature.
- Author
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Han, Dongmei, Luo, Tao, Zhang, Lu, Wu, Jiaqi, Wu, Huitao, Wu, Zhenxian, Li, Jianguang, Wang, Jing, and Pan, Xuewen
- Subjects
- *
LONGAN , *FRUIT , *ANALYSIS of variance , *SULFUR dioxide , *MULTIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
Precooling and sulfur dioxide fumigation were proved as effective methods for the preservation of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits. However, inadequate precooling and sulfur dioxide fumigation resulted in unexpected losses and short shelf life. A L9(34) orthogonal test was conducted to screen out ideal dosage of sodium metabisulfite (factor A), precooling method (factor B), and precooling duration (factor C) to improve the storability of longan fruit stored for 48 hr at room temperature (RT) (25℃). The overall qualities of all of the treated longan fruits after a 48‐hr storage (OQST) and during the 5‐day shelf at 25℃ (OQSF) were better than those of the control fruits. The treated fruits showed brighter fresh color (higher L*, b*, C*, and h° values but lower a* value), higher flavonoid, and chlorophyll contents. Moreover, the SO2 residue was concentrated in pericarp but little in aril for any of the 12 treatments. The multivariate variance analysis showed that factor A was dominant to determine both of the OQST and OQSF, while factor B affected the OQST, and factor C affected the OQSF. In total, "0.22% sodium metabisulfite + 4 hr precooling + uncovered precooling" was considered to be an ideal treatment. These results would contribute to improving longan postharvest preservation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
92. Polyamidoamine starburst dendrimer-activated chromatography paper-based assay for sensitive detection of telomerase activity.
- Author
-
Zhang, Hua, Lei, Zhen, Tian, Rongrong, and Wang, Zhenxin
- Subjects
- *
POLYAMIDOAMINE dendrimers , *TELOMERASE , *CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis , *ANALYSIS of variance , *CHEMICAL detectors - Abstract
Telomerase is extensively expressed in various cancer cells and recognized as a target for cancer drug discovery. In the present study, a simple and amplification-free fluorescence assay based on polyamidoamine starburst dendrimer (PAMAM dendrimer)-activated paper device is proposed for sensitive detection of telomerase activity through hybridization of Cy5 modified single strand DNA probes with telomerase extension products. The paper substrate is fabricated by hand drawing according to a template, which is low cost, instrument free and easy operation. PAMAM is rich in amino groups on its surface and employed to immobilize the telomerase substrate (TS) primer. Highly sensitive detection of telomerase activity in HeLa cell lysate of 10 cells is achieved since the PAMAM dendrimer-activated paper surface can provide high density of binding sites for immobilization of TS primer. The experimental results also demonstrate that the assay can be employed to evaluate telomerase activity levels of various cell lines and screen telomerase inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. The effects of 16-weeks of prebiotic supplementation and aerobic exercise training on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, uremic toxins, and the microbiota in pre-dialysis kidney patients: a randomized controlled trial-protocol paper
- Author
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Elizabeth E. Evans, Kristyn Kirton, Bradley C. Nindl, Talat Alp Ikizler, Donna J. Chapman, Nosratola D. Vaziri, Elizabeth O'Neill, Michael J. Germain, Samuel Headley, Brian J. Martin, Emily M. Miele, Allen Cornelius, Karen Madsen, and Jasmin C. Hutchinson
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Nephrology ,Kidney Disease ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Inflammatory markers ,Cardiovascular ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,law.invention ,Kidney Failure ,Study Protocol ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Chronic ,Resistant starch ,VO2 max ,Middle Aged ,Urology & Nephrology ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Sciences ,Renal and urogenital ,Uremic toxins ,Placebo ,Zea mays ,03 medical and health sciences ,Double-Blind Method ,Clinical Research ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Humans ,Exercise ,Dialysis ,Aged ,Inflammation ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Oxidative stress ,Arterial stiffness ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Amylose ,business ,Biomarkers ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by dysbiosis, elevated levels of uremic toxins, systemic inflammation, and increased markers of oxidative stress. These factors lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is common among CKD patients. Supplementation with high amylose maize resistant starch type 2 (RS-2) can change the composition of the gut microbiota, and reduce markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the impact of RS-2 supplementation has not been extensively studied in CKD patients not on dialysis. Aerobic exercise training lowers certain markers of inflammation in CKD patients. Whether combining aerobic training along with RS-2 supplementation has an additive effect on the aforementioned biomarkers in predialysis CKD patients has not been previously investigated. Methods The study is being conducted as a 16-week, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel arm, randomized controlled trial. Sixty stage 3–4 CKD patients (ages of 30–75 years) are being randomized to one of four groups: RS-2 & usual care, RS-2 & aerobic exercise, placebo (cornstarch) & usual care and placebo & exercise. Patients attend four testing sessions: Two baseline (BL) sessions with follow up visits 8 (wk8) and 16 weeks (wk16) later. Fasting blood samples, resting brachial and central blood pressures, and arterial stiffness are collected at BL, wk8 and wk16. A stool sample is collected for analysis of microbial composition and peak oxygen uptake is assessed at BL and wk16. Blood samples will be assayed for p-cresyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphate, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostanes F2a, endothelin-1 and nitrate/nitrite. Following BL, subjects are randomized to their group. Individuals randomized to conditions involving exercise will attend three supervised moderate intensity (55–65% peak oxygen uptake) aerobic training sessions (treadmills, bikes or elliptical machine) per week for 16 weeks. Discussion This study has the potential to yield information about the effect of RS-2 supplementation on key biomarkers believed to impact upon the development of CVD in patients with CKD. We are examining whether there is an additive effect of exercise training and RS-2 supplementation on these key variables. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Trial registration#NCT03689569. 9/28/2018, retrospectively registered.
- Published
- 2020
94. Reducing Sensitive Survey Response Bias in Research on Adolescents: A Comparison of Web-Based and Paper-and-Pencil Administration
- Author
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Lloyd Bond and David L. Wyrick
- Subjects
Male ,Paper ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Writing ,Disclosure ,Bias ,Humans ,Web application ,Medicine ,Child ,Students ,Pencil (mathematics) ,Internet ,Schools ,Data collection ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,Research ,Stressor ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Response bias ,Female ,Health education ,Self Report ,Analysis of variance ,business ,Administration (government) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Purpose. Using the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT), the effect of mode of administration on (1) students' willingness to disclose sensitive information and (2) response rates was investigated. Design. A2 × 2 unequal N factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) design was employed. Mode of administration (paper-and-pencil vs. Web-based) was crossed with grade level (middle vs. high school). Setting. The study was conducted in two middle and two high schools. Subjects. A total of 628 middle and high school students completed the survey. Measures. The POSIT is a self-report measure with 139 yes/no items that identifies stressors in 10 functional areas (e.g., Substance Use). Analysis. An unequal N 2 (mode) × 2 (grade level) factorial ANOVA was employed. Results. No statistically significant differences were found for self-reported risk across modes of administration. Students completing the Web-based version of the survey were four times more likely to skip an item. Conclusions. Effect of Mode on Reporting of Sensitive Information—Students completed the Web-based surveys in computer labs with other students. The intent of the Web-based survey was to increase perceived privacy but the environment likely negated any effect. Effect of Mode on Response Rates—The higher response rate for the paper-and-pencil survey was the opposite of what was expected and revealed that students were more likely to skip sensitive items on the Web survey. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5]:349-352.)
- Published
- 2011
95. Internet Administration of Paper-and-Pencil Questionnaires Used in Couple Research
- Author
-
Rebecca L. Brock, Robin A. Barry, Jodi Dey, Jaci Rolffs, and Erika Lawrence
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,Personality Tests ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Writing ,Statistics as Topic ,Interpersonal communication ,Young Adult ,Interpersonal relationship ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Marriage ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,Applied Psychology ,Analysis of Variance ,Family Characteristics ,Internet ,business.industry ,Context effect ,Reproducibility of Results ,Clinical Psychology ,Female ,The Internet ,Self Report ,business ,Psychology ,Emotional intimacy ,Intrapersonal communication ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study examined the psychometric equivalence of paper-and-pencil and Internet formats of key questionnaires used in couple research. Self-report questionnaires assessing interpersonal constructs (relationship satisfaction, communication/conflict management, partner support, emotional intimacy) and intrapersonal constructs (individual traits, psychological symptoms, contextual influences) were administered to young adults in committed dating relationships. The same measures were administered twice via paper-and-pencil and/or Internet methods over a 2-week period. Method order was counterbalanced among participants, and temporal stability was controlled. Intrapersonal and interpersonal measures generally remained reliable when administered online and demonstrated quantitative and qualitative equivalence across methods. The implications of online administration of questionnaires are discussed, and specific recommendations are made for researchers who wish to transition to online data collection.
- Published
- 2010
96. Differences between Computer-Based and Paper-Based Assessments of the Clinical Reasoning Competency of Dental Students
- Author
-
Michiyo, Kurosa, Ken-ichi, Tonami, Satoko, Ohara, Sachi, Umemori, Kanako, Noritake, Masayo, Sunaga, Atsuhiro, Kinoshita, and Kouji, Araki
- Subjects
Male ,Paper ,Analysis of Variance ,Computers ,Students, Dental ,Competency-Based Education ,Thinking ,Mental Processes ,Japan ,Aptitude Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Female ,Clinical Competence ,Education, Dental - Abstract
Clinical reasoning competency is essential for an appropriate clinical dental treatment. Among the tools for the assessment of clinical reasoning competency, computer-based testing (CBT) is considered more useful than paper-based testing (PBT), because teachers can control the timing of information given to the examinees. Such timings could possibly affect the thinking process of examinees. However, few studies reported differences of reasoning between the two testing modes. In the present study, we developed an assessment of clinical reasoning and applied it using CBT and PBT to compare the examinees' performance. The participants comprised 60 students in the fifth-year class in 2012 of the School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. The tests comprised 25 problems, each with four questions, totaling 100 questions. The contents of the questions were the same in CBT and PBT. The students were assigned to CBT (Group C, n = 30) and PBT (Group P, n = 30) groups, with an almost equal gender ratio in the groups. The difference between scores was analyzed with a univariate analysis of variance. No significant intergroup differences were found regarding the test duration, total score, and average score of each question. The number of problems with perfect marks was higher in Group P than in Group C (P0.05), probably because Group P students could access the information of the previous question (s) within a problem. Thus, the differences of the examinees' performance between the two testing modes were small.
- Published
- 2016
97. Paper Tape Prevents Foot Blisters: A Randomized Prevention Trial Assessing Paper Tape in Endurance Distances II (Pre-TAPED II).
- Author
-
Lipman, Grant S., Sharp, Louis J., Christensen, Mark, Phillips, Caleb, DiTullio, Alexandra, Dalton, Andrew, Ng, Pearlly, Shangkuan, Jennifer, Shea, Katherine, and Krabak, Brian J.
- Subjects
- *
BLISTERS , *RUNNING injuries , *ADHESIVE tape , *ANALYSIS of variance , *CHI-squared test , *CLINICAL trials , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *FOOT , *MEDICAL cooperation , *PROBABILITY theory , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL hypothesis testing , *T-test (Statistics) , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *SAMPLE size (Statistics) , *STATISTICAL power analysis , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *LONG-distance running , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Objective: To determine whether paper tape prevents foot blisters in multistage ultramarathon runners. Design: Multisite prospective randomized trial. Setting: The 2014 250-km (155-mile) 6-stage RacingThePlanet ultramarathons in Jordan, Gobi, Madagascar, and Atacama Deserts. Participants: One hundred twenty-eight participants were enrolled: 19 (15%) from the Jordan, 35 (27%) from Gobi, 21 (16%) from Madagascar, and 53 (41%) from the Atacama Desert. The mean age was 39.3 years (22-63) and body mass index was 24.2 kg/m² (17.4-35.1), with 31 (22.5%) females. Interventions: Paper tape was applied to a randomly selected foot before the race, either to participants' blister-prone areas or randomly selected location if there was no blister history, with untaped areas of the same foot used as the control. Main Outcome Measures: Development of a blister anywhere on the study foot. Results: One hundred six (83%) participants developed 117 blisters, with treatment success in 98 (77%) runners. Paper tape reduced blisters by 40% (P< 0.01, 95% confidence interval, 28-52) with a number needed to treat of 1.31. Most of the study participants had 1 blister (78%), with most common locations on the toes (n = 58, 50%) and heel (n = 27, 23%), with 94 (80%) blisters occurring by the end of stage 2. Treatment success was associated with earlier stages [odds ratio (OR), 74.9, P < 0.01] and time spent running (OR, 0.66, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Paper tape was found to prevent both the incidence and frequency of foot blisters in runners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Reading from computer screen versus reading from paper: does it still make a difference?
- Author
-
Köpper, Maja, Mayr, Susanne, and Buchner, Axel
- Subjects
ANALYSIS of variance ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,EYE diseases ,INFORMATION display systems ,LIGHTING ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,READING ,T-test (Statistics) - Abstract
Four experiments were conducted to test whether recent developments in display technology would suffice to eliminate the well-known disadvantages in reading from screen as compared with paper. Proofreading speed and performance were equal for a TFT-LCD and a paper display, but there were more symptoms of eyestrain in the screen condition accompanied by a strong preference for paper (Experiment 1). These results were replicated using a longer reading duration (Experiment 2). Additional experiments were conducted to test hypotheses about the reasons for the higher amount of eyestrain associated with reading from screen. Reduced screen luminance did not change the pattern of results (Experiment 3), but positioning both displays in equal inclination angles eliminated the differences in eyestrain symptoms and increased proofreading speed in the screen condition (Experiment 4). A paper-like positioning of TFT-LCDs seems to enable unimpaired reading without evidence of increased physical strain. Practitioner Summary: Given the developments in screen technology, a re-assessment of the differences in proofreading speed and performance, well-being, and preference between computer screen and paper was conducted. State-of-the-art TFT-LCDs enable unimpaired reading, but a book-like positioning of screens seems necessary to minimise eyestrain symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Investigation of legibility and visual fatigue for simulated flexible electronic paper under various surface treatments and ambient illumination conditions
- Author
-
Chi Chang Liao, Po Hung Lin, Yu Ting Lin, Sheue-Ling Hwang, and Shie-Chang Jeng
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Engineering ,Visual perception ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Legibility ,law.invention ,Cognition ,law ,Humans ,Attention ,Computer Simulation ,Electronic paper ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Vision, Ocular ,Simulation ,Analysis of Variance ,Product design ,business.industry ,Ambient lighting ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Asthenopia ,business - Abstract
This study employs simulated electronic paper to investigate critical issues and focuses on improving legibility of display and reducing users' visual fatigue. Three critical factors--choice of surface treatment, ambient illumination, and bending curvature--are evaluated through the method of a letter-search task. The results show that subjects performed better on legibility and felt less visual fatigue with an anti-glare treatment. Choosing the better anti-glare treatment instead of the anti-reflection series can save significant cost for manufacturers. In addition, ambient lighting of 1500 lux is more appropriate for reading on electronic paper than an environment with extreme illumination (e.g., 8000 lux). The present study also found that curvature had no impact on legibility or visual fatigue. These evaluations of simulated electronic paper may provide manufacturers useful information in fulfilling ergonomic requirements for product design.
- Published
- 2009
100. Advanced treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater by nanofiltration process: Effects of operating conditions on membrane fouling
- Author
-
Beril Gönder, Z., Arayici, Semiha, and Barlas, Hulusi
- Subjects
- *
WASTEWATER treatment , *WATER filtration , *PAPER industry , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *NANOFILTRATION , *FOULING , *ANALYSIS of variance , *WATER reuse - Abstract
Abstract: In this study, the application of two-step nanofiltration (NF) process was investigated in the purification of biologically treated pulp and paper wastewater for the purpose of reuse. In the first step, the effect of operating conditions such as pH, temperature, transmembrane pressure and volume reduction factor (VRF) on the membrane fouling was investigated using FM NP010 membrane. Membrane fouling was minimized by optimizing the operating conditions using Taguchi experimental design method. The smaller-the-better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was used to analyze the results of experiments. Flux decline caused by fouling was selected as response parameter. The best results were obtained at third level of pH (10), first level of temperature (25°C), first level of transmembrane pressure (12bar) and third level of VRF (4) which provided minimum flux decline caused by fouling (11%). Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results indicated that transmembrane pressure has significant effect on membrane fouling, while VRF shows very little effect on membrane fouling. Membrane fouling was further examined in terms of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Under the optimized conditions, 91% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 92% total hardness and 98% sulphate removal were achieved using FM NP010 membrane. Also the obtained permeate is colorless and free from suspended solids. However, chloride and conductivity were partially removed. In the second step, FM NP030 membrane was used to provide better permeate quality like actual process water. Membrane fouling was also investigated in terms of flux decline, contact angle measurements and SEM analysis in this step. As a conclusion, the water produced by two step NF treatment of biologically treated pulp and paper industry meets the quality of actual process water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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