Search

Alkylation of the hippurate esters of trans 2-(p-substituted phenyl)cyclohexanol with benzyl bromide affords phenylalanine derivatives in high chemical yield. The reaction stereoselectivity varies from 20 to >98% depending on the aromatic group in the cyclohexyl auxiliary. A model that correctly predicts the sense of the induction is proposed.

Benzylation of chiral esters of N-acylglycines using various bases and additives was examined. No C-alkylation was observed with one equivalent of base. Diastereoselectivities were dependent on the amount of additive, the nature of the N-acyl group, and the chiral ester. A model to account for the degree and sense of the stereoselectivity is proposed.

Alkylations of anions derived from dipeptides with a glycine at the C-terminus have been investigated. A hydrocarbon sedition in the N-terminal residue does impart some asymmetric induction. The use of a chiral ester derivative provides the potential for double asymmetric induction and good selectivity. With an aspartyl residue at the N-terminus, problems were encountered due to competing side reactions. The use of an azetidinone could circumvent some of these, but the observed induction was not high.

Alkylations of anions derived from dipeptides with a glycine at the C-terminus have been investigated. A hydrocarbon sedition in the N-terminal residue does impart some asymmetric induction. The use of a chiral ester derivative provides the potential for double asymmetric induction and good selectivity. With an aspartyl residue at the N-terminus, problems were encountered due to competing side reactions. The use of an azetidinone could circumvent some of these, but the observed induction was not high.

Contrary to a published report, C-alkylation of methyl hippurate requires two equivalents of base. The choice of additive (TMEDA or HMPA) influences the result. Deuteration of the enolate gives results which depend on both the deuterium source and the nature of the additive.

Oxidation of 1,3-oxathiolan-5-ones (1) gives acceptable yields of sulfoxides only when C4 is unsubstituted. Sulfoxides derived from 1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones (8) are easily prepared. Acid-catalyzed rearrangement in the presence of 1-alkenes or benzene leads to alkylation (arylation) at C5. Alkylation of 8c may be generally more effective than that of 1. An aldol condensation of 8c shows little stereoselectivity.

Alkylation of the D-camphor imine of tert -butyl glycinate with secondary allylic and benzylic halides affords products which have high stereochemical purity, particularly at the halogen displacement site.

The preparation of a series of vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, all of which bear a substituent on the carbon attached to phosphorus, is described. Yields are generally poor unless a symmetrical secondary allylic halide can be used. The use of these salts in the preparation of substituted 2,5-dihydrothiophenes has been examined. In general, reaction times are increased and product yields decreased relative to the reactions of the unsubstituted salts previously reported. This result is ascribed to steric inhibition of the intramolecular Wittig reaction.

La trimethyl-2,2,4 oxathiolanne-1,3one-2 (A) est alkylee en 4 par des halogenures d'alkyle en presence de LDA/HMPT; la dimethyl-2,2,4 oxathiolanne-1,3one-2 (B) ne donne pas de produit d'alkylation. Les deux composes A et B donnent des produits d'aldolisation diastereoisomeres avec des aldehydes et cetones et des produits d'addition 1,2 ou 1,4 avec la cyclohexene-2one ou la butene-3one-2

The complete carbon-13 nmr spectra of 16 alkylated 2,5-dihydrothiophenes and 10 sulfones derived from them are reported. No significant interactions between C-2 substituents and C-5 are noted and stereochemical determinations based on this γ effect are not possible. On oxidation to the sulfones, C-2 and C-5 are dramatically deshielded but C-3 and C-4 are shielded. A possible explanation for this effect is presented.

L'exces diastereoisomere est relie a la densite d'electrons π et aux effets steriques dans l'electrophile

The alkylation of the sodium, potassium, zinc, and zirconium enolates of the R-camphor imine of tert-butyl glycinate have been examined and the stereochemical results compared with those obtained with the lithium enolate. No difference was noted for the sodium enolate but inferior chemical yields and stereoselectivities were obtained with the potassium enolate, perhaps due to its increased ionic character. Substituting TMEDA for HMPA in these reactions led in all but one case to reduced stereoselectivities. The results support and are interpreted in terms of the π–metal association model previously proposed.

Alkylation of the (R)-camphor imine of tert-butyl glycinate with a variety of alkylating agents gave diastereoselectivities ranging from 0–100%. Simple alkyl halides larger than methyl give de's (diastereomeric excesses) of ca. 50% whereas those derived from allylic type systems afford de's of 75–100%. The results are best explained by invoking a transition state interaction between the π system of the alkylating agent and the imine which, for steric reasons, requires alkylation to occur from the pro-R face.

Attempted imine formation between 3-hydroxycamphor and tert. butyl glycinate led to 8 the substitution product at the 3-position. Zinc-acetic acid treatment of 8 afforded 3-acetoxycamphor. Alkylation of the imine from from norcamphor and tert. butyl glycinate gave no stereoselection. Alkylation of the imine from from 10-hytdroxymethylcamphor and tert. butyl glycinate gave stereoselectivities inferior to those obtained from the imine of camphor itself ( 1 ) but aldol condensation with benzaldehyde, a reaction not possible with 1, was affected in 71% yield.

The reaction of β-mercaptoaldehydes and ketones with vinylphosphonium salts results in the ready formation of 3,6-dihydro-(2H)thiopyrans. The presence of an α-substituent on the salt blocks this re...

The complete carbon-13 nmr spectra of 16 alkylated 2,5-dihydrothiophenes and 10 sulfones derived from them are reported. No significant interactions between C-2 substituents and C-5 are noted and stereochemical determinations based on this γ effect are not possible. On oxidation to the sulfones, C-2 and C-5 are dramatically deshielded but C-3 and C-4 are shielded. A possible explanation for this effect is presented.

The preparation of a series of vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, all of which bear a substituent on the carbon attached to phosphorus, is described. Yields are generally poor unless a symmetrical secondary allylic halide can be used. The use of these salts in the preparation of substituted 2,5-dihydrothiophenes has been examined. In general, reaction times are increased and product yields decreased relative to the reactions of the unsubstituted salts previously reported. This result is ascribed to steric inhibition of the intramolecular Wittig reaction.