Author: "IESL" / Topic: 0103 physical sciences - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Ultra-smooth GaN membranes by photo-electrochemical etching for photonic applications

Author: Katerina Tsagaraki, F. G. Kalaitzakis, Maria Kayambaki, Rahul Jayaprakash, Eva Monroy, Nikos T. Pelekanos, Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Photoluminescence, Band gap, Mechanical Engineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Surface finish, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Membrane, Mechanics of Materials, Etching (microfabrication), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Quantum well
Abstract: International audience; Photo-electrochemical, bandgap selective, lateral etching is used to create 200 nm-thick, ultra-smooth GaN membranes, containing 10 pairs of GaN/AlGaN quantum wells. The use of electrolyte concentrations as low as 0.0004 M, along with appropriate excitation power and bias conditions, are shown to enhance the quality of freestanding membranes immensely, with an AFM roughness of 0.65 nm; the best ever reported value for GaN membranes fabricated using a similar technique. Transmission and photoluminescence experiments on these membranes were made possible at cryogenic temperatures by membrane transferring onto a double-side polished sapphire substrate, revealing pronounced excitonic features; the analysis of which strongly suggest that the absorption coefficients of GaN are at least 30 % higher than the values previously reported in the literature.
Published: 2014
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2. Four-dimensional investigation of the 2nd order volume autocorrelation technique

Author: E. P. Benis, J. Kruse, C. Kalpouzos, A. Peralta Conde, Olivier Faucher, D. Charalambidis, Paraskevas Tzallas, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser ( FORTH-IESL ), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas ( FORTH ), University of Crete ( UOC ), European Community's Human Potential Program under contract MTKD-CT-2004-517145 (X-HOMES), the Ultraviolet Laser Facility (ULF) operating at FORTH-IESL (contract no. HPRI-CT-2001-00139), the ELI research infrastructure preparatory phase program and the FASTQUAST ITN Program of the 7th FP, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), and University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Autocorrelator, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, 42.65.Ky, 42.65.Re, 32.80.Rm, 01 natural sciences, Displacement (vector), pulse caracterization, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, higher order harmonic generation, 0103 physical sciences, pulses, 010306 general physics, Ultrafast dynamics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], business.industry, Oscillation, Optical autocorrelation, Autocorrelation technique, reflective interferometric autocorrelator, Autocorrelation, General Engineering, dynamics, VUV, Laser, Harmonic, XUX, HHG, business
Abstract: The 2nd order volume autocorrelation technique, widely utilized in directly measuring ultra-short light pulses durations, is examined in detail via model calculations that include three-dimensional integration over a large ionization volume, temporal delay and spatial displacement of the two beams of the autocorrelator at the focus. The effects of the inherent displacement to the 2nd order autocorrelation technique are demonstrated for short and long pulses, elucidating the appropriate implementation of the technique in tight focusing conditions. Based on the above investigations, a high accuracy 2nd order volume autocorrelation measurement of the duration of the 5th harmonic of a 50 fs long laser pulse, including the measurement of the carrier wavelength oscillation, is presented. Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics
Published: 2009
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3. Realization of time-resolved two-vacuum-ultraviolet-photon ionization

Author: Olivier Faucher, E. P. Benis, J. Kruse, D. Charalambidis, A. Peralta Conde, P. Tzallas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser ( FORTH-IESL ), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas ( FORTH ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Crete ( UOC ), European Community's Human Potential Programme under contract MRTN-CT-2003-505138 (XTRA), MTKD-CT-2004-517145 (X-HOMES), Ultraviolet Laser Facility (ULF) operating at FORTH-IESL (contract no. HPRI-CT-2001-00139), ELI research infrastructure preparatoryphase program (contract GA no. 212105/SP4 capacities), FASQUAST program (contract GA no. 214962)., Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)
Subjects: spectroscopy, attosecond, Photon, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Physics::Optics, photoionisation, nm, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atmospheric-pressure laser ionization, 010309 optics, Frequency conversion, Ionization, higher order harmonic generation, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, ethylene, molecules, two-photon processes, Physics::Chemical Physics, 010306 general physics, Ultrafast dynamics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], photodissociation, dynamics, VUV, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, laser-pulses, Vacuum ultraviolet, Extreme ultraviolet, molecule-photon collisions, XUX, 32.80.Rm, 42.65.Re, 42.65.Ky, HHG, Atomic physics, ultrafast internal-conversion, organic compounds, physics, Realization (systems), oxygen
Abstract: International audience; Ultrafast dynamics of excited molecules is studied through time-resolved two-vacuum-ultraviolet (vuv)- photon ionization using a nonlinear volume autocorrelator unit. The two-vuv-photon process is induced by the intense ﬁfth harmonic radiation of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. In a proof-of-principle experiment, ultrafast dynamics of excited ethylene and oxygen molecules are investigated. Molecular decay times are deduced by comparing the experimental data with the results of a numerical model that accounts for the spatial and temporal characteristics of the harmonic ﬁeld. The present experiments pave a convenient way for time domain investigations in the vuv-xuv spectral region in all states of matter at few femtosecond to subfemtosecond temporal scales.
Published: 2009
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4. A new compact laser source for portable LIBS applications

Author: Demetrios Anglos, V. Pinon, Anastasia Giakoumaki, Efstratios Georgiou, O. Musset, Jérôme Goujon, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Center of Materials Technology and Lasers, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser ( FORTH-IESL ), and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas ( FORTH )
Subjects: Solid state lasers, Materials science, Material analysis, Laser source, Instrumentation, ns range, 01 natural sciences, Signal, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Repeatability, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Experimental study, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Laser, Q-switching, 0104 chemical sciences, Microcontroller, ISBN 978-0-8194-7046-1, 0-8194-7046-5, Pulsed lasers, business, YAG laser, Neodymium lasers
Abstract: International audience; We present LIBS experimental results that demonstrate the use of a newly compact, versatile pulsed laser source in material analysis in view of research aiming at the development of portable LIBS instrumentation. LIBS qualitative analyses were performed on various samples and objects, and spectra were recorded in gated and non-gated modes. The latter is important because of advantages arising from size and cost reduction when using simple, compact spectrograph-CCD detection systems over the standard ICCD-based configurations. The new Nd3+:YAG laser source exhibited very reliable performance in terms of laser pulse repeatability, autonomy and interface. Indeed, it can deliver a 45 mJ for 4.5 ns pulse and work at 1 Hz. Having the ability to work in double-pulse mode, it provided versatility in the measurements leading to increased LIBS signal intensities, improved the signal noise ratio and stabilized spectra. The first test results are encouraging and demonstrate that this new laser is suitable for integration in compact, portable and low cost LIBS sensors with a wide spectrum of materials analysis applications.
Published: 2008
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5. Non-polar GaN/AlGaN quantum-well polariton laser at room temperature

Author: E. A. Amargianitakis, A. Kostopoulos, E. Delamadeleine, Eva Monroy, Katerina Tsagaraki, Nikos T. Pelekanos, George Konstantinidis, Department of materials science and technology, University of Crete, Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece, Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), and ANR-18-CE24-0014,UVLASE,Laser UV à pompage électronique(2018)
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Other, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, laser, GaN, Orientation (vector space), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Etching, 0103 physical sciences, ultraviolet, Polariton, polariton, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Lasing threshold, Quantum well, Line (formation)
Abstract: We demonstrate room temperature (RT) polariton lasing in an all-dielectric microcavity containing non-polar III-nitride quantum wells (QWs) as active media. The microcavity is fabricated using the photo-electrochemical etching method, by which an optimally grown $m$-plane III-nitride active region is detached from the substrate in the form of a membrane, which is subsequently inserted between two $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}/{\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ distributed Bragg reflectors, with 4 and 10 pairs for the top and bottom mirrors, respectively. The active region consists of 25 $\mathrm{GaN}/{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.9}\mathrm{N}$ (5 nm/3 nm) QWs. The produced microcavities exhibit two closely spaced polarization-resolved lower polariton branches at RT, in line with the selection rules of the non-polar orientation, having a Rabi splitting of 62 and 72 meV in the $E\ensuremath{\parallel}a$ and $E\ensuremath{\parallel}c$ polarizations, respectively. In a positively detuned 3\ensuremath{\lambda}/2-thick microcavity, polariton lasing is observed at ambient conditions in the $E\ensuremath{\parallel}a$ polarization, with a threshold \ensuremath{\sim} 3 times lower than previous state of the art, despite the use of a relatively weak top reflector.
Published: 2021
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6. Probing Nanoparticle/Membrane Interactions by Combining Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Assembly and Plasmonics

Author: Tristan Bereau, Markus Deserno, Hans-Juergen Butt, George Fytas, Katharina Landfester, Gaëtan Lévêque, Amelie H. R. Koch, Svenja Morsbach, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Physique-IEMN (PHYSIQUE-IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Machine Learning Department [Carnegie Mellon Univ.], Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), ERC AdG SmartPhon [694977], NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE 1764257], Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), and Computational Science Lab (IVI, FNWI)
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers, Nanoparticle, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, Citric Acid, Polyethylene Glycols, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Dynamic light scattering, 0103 physical sciences, Oxazines, Materials Chemistry, Surface charge, Dimethylpolysiloxanes, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Surface plasmon resonance, 010304 chemical physics, Vesicle, Adhesion, Surface Plasmon Resonance, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Membrane, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Polymersome, Liposomes, Gold
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and boundaries of cells is crucial both for their toxicity and therapeutic applications. Besides specific receptor-mediated endocytosis of surface-functionalized NPs, passive internalization is prompted by relatively unspecific parameters, such as particle size and charge. Based on theoretical treatments, adhesion to and bending of the cell membrane can induce NP wrapping. Experimentally, powerful tools are needed to selectively probe possible membrane-NP motifs at very dilute conditions and avoid dye labeling. In this work, we employ surface resonance-enhanced dynamic light scattering, surface plasmon resonance, electron microscopy, and simulations for sensing interactions between plasmonic AuNPs and polymersomes. We distinguish three different interaction scenarios at nanomolar concentrations by tuning the surface charge of AuNPs and rationalize these events by balancing vesicle bending and electrostatic/van der Waals AuNP and vesicle adhesion. The clarification of the physical conditions under which nanoparticles passively translocate across membranes can aid in the rational design of drugs that cannot exploit specific modes of cellular uptake and also elucidates physical properties that render nanoparticles in the environment particularly toxic.
Published: 2020
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7. Femtosecond Broadband Frequency Switch of Terahertz Three-Dimensional Meta-Atoms

Author: Kenneth Maussang, Stelios Tzortzakis, P. Goulain, Joshua R. Freeman, Edmund H. Linfield, Raffaele Colombelli, Bruno Paulillo, Jean-Michel Manceau, Anastasios D. Koulouklidis, Lianhe Li, Sukhdeep Dhillon, Christina Daskalaki, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Nano-THz, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds (University of Leeds), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Materials science, Field (physics), Terahertz radiation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Gallium arsenide, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Range (particle radiation), business.industry, Resonance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Femtosecond, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse, Biotechnology
Abstract: We present the experimental demonstration of a subpicosecond all-optical THz switch based on three-dimensional (3D) terahertz meta-atoms. Combining a special design of 3D meta-devices and the ultrafast dynamics of low temperature grown gallium arsenide, we can modulate the reflectance of the THz microcavities within 2.2 ps. The device enables a 280 GHz switch in resonance frequency within less than 200 fs. The switch back to the original resonance takes 800 fs. Experimental results show that the speed values are strongly convoluted by the THz probing field and, thus, the real switching times are even shorter, in the few 100 fs range.
Published: 2021
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8. Control of Light Transmission in a Plasmonic Liquid Metacrystal

Author: Alain Celzard, Vanessa Fierro, George Kenanakis, Alexander A. Zharov, Zacharias Viskadourakis, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)
Subjects: Light transmission, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, liquid metacrystals, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Article, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010309 optics, lcsh:Chemistry, liquid metamaterials, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Anisotropy, Plasmon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), Transmission (telecommunications), lcsh:QD1-999, Slab, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, plasmonic metamaterials
Abstract: In this study, we experimentally demonstrated the control of light transmission through a slab of plasmonic liquid metacrystal by an external electric field. By applying the external static field, we were able to induce macroscopic anisotropy, which caused the polarization-dependent suppression of transmission at resonant frequencies. Such behavior indicates the selective plasmon excitation governed by the orientation of the meta-atoms with respect to the polarization of the electromagnetic wave. The problem of light transmission through a plasmonic liquid metacrystal was analyzed theoretically from first principles, and the obtained results were compared with the experimental data.
Published: 2021
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9. Quantum technologies in space

Author: Rainer Kaltenbaek, Laszlo Bacsardi, Eleni Diamanti, Mathias van den Bossche, Antonio Acín, Paolo Bianco, Ernst M. Rasel, Valerio Pruneri, Philippe Bouyer, Paolo Villoresi, Angelo Bassi, Hugo Zbinden, Bernhard Sang, Wolf von Klitzing, Christoph Marquardt, Hendrik Ulbricht, Rupert Ursin, Yasser Omar, Stephan Seidel, Mauro Paternostro, University of Ljubljana, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information [Innsbruck] (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques [Castelldefels] (ICFO), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Budapest University of Technology and Economics [Budapest] (BME), Airbus Defence and Space, Airbus Group, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Information Quantique [LIP6] (QI), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Instituto de Telecomunicações [Lisboa, Portugal], Institut für Quantenoptik [Hannover] (IQ), Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), OHB Systems AG, University of Southampton, Universitad de Padua, Thales Alenia Space, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), University of Trieste, Kaltenbaek, Rainer, Acin, Antonio, Bacsardi, Laszlo, Bianco, Paolo, Bouyer, Philippe, Diamanti, Eleni, Marquardt, Christoph, Omar, Yasser, Pruneri, Valerio, Rasel, Ernst, Sang, Bernhard, Seidel, Stephan, Ulbricht, Hendrik, Ursin, Rupert, Villoresi, Paolo, van den Bossche, Mathia, von Klitzing, Wolf, Zbinden, Hugo, Paternostro, Mauro, and Bassi, Angelo
Subjects: Digital era, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Space (commercial competition), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Commercialization, Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum technology, Competition (economics), Entanglement, symbols.namesake, State (polity), Secure communication, Physics - Space Physics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Fundamental tests, Galileo (satellite navigation), Quantum communication, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Fundamental test, Quantum Physics, business.industry, Quantum sensing, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics - Applied Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, ddc:520, Space Communication, Original Article, Telecommunications, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: Recently, the European Commission supported by many European countries has announced large investments towards the commercialization of quantum technology (QT) to address and mitigate some of the biggest challenges facing today's digital era - e.g. secure communication and computing power. For more than two decades the QT community has been working on the development of QTs, which promise landmark breakthroughs leading to commercialization in various areas. The ambitious goals of the QT community and expectations of EU authorities cannot be met solely by individual initiatives of single countries, and therefore, require a combined European effort of large and unprecedented dimensions comparable only to the Galileo or Copernicus programs. Strong international competition calls for a coordinated European effort towards the development of QT in and for space, including research and development of technology in the areas of communication and sensing. Here, we aim at summarizing the state of the art in the development of quantum technologies which have an impact in the field of space applications. Our goal is to outline a complete framework for the design, development, implementation, and exploitation of quantum technology in space., 13 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2021
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10. Harnessing polymer grafting to control the shape of plasmonic nanoparticles

Author: Gaëtan Lévêque, George Fytas, Ying Zhou, Manos Gkikas, Tanmoy Maji, Liting Yan, Shanxi University, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Physique-IEMN (PHYSIQUE-IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), and ERC AdG SmartPhon No. 694977, European Research Council
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Plasmonic nanoparticles, Materials science, Polymer nanocomposite, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry, Chemical engineering, Dynamic light scattering, 0103 physical sciences, Particle, Surface plasmon resonance, 0210 nano-technology, Plasmon
Abstract: International audience; Matrix-free polymer grafted nanoparticles (NPs) are single component polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) for which the often reported severe aggregation of the conventional PNCs can be suppressed. For a given particle core, the size and shape of the polymer grafted nanoparticles can be controlled by the molecular weight of the polymer and its grafting density. However, the degree of homogeneity of one-component PNCs depends on the grafted chain molecular weight and grafting density, as well as on the shape of grafted NPs. Surface plasmon resonance enhanced dynamic light scattering from very dilute solutions, yielding both translational and rotational transport coefficients, complemented by UV-Vis extinction spectra, can detect deviations from spheres. Here, we report that poly(isobutylene)-grafted Ag NPs strongly deviate from the spherical shape and are modeled as prolate spheroids. This NP asphericity, due to inhomogeneous grafting, can impact the structure and properties of plasmonic PNCs in the solid state. Thus, characterizing this behavior is a crucial step prior to the formation of one-component PNCs.
Published: 2020
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11. A Continuous Semi-Empirical VJFET Capacitance Model from Sub to above Threshold Regime

Author: Maria Kayambaki, Nikolaos Makris, Konstantinos Zekentes, George Konstantinidis, Antonis Stavrinidis, Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Capacitance, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Compact Model, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Trenched-Singly-Implanted Vertical Junction Field Effect Transistors, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business
Abstract: This paper presents and discusses the depletion mechanisms that dominate in a TSI-VJFET under different bias conditions as expressed by the gate-source (CGS) and gate-drain (CGD) capacitances. It is shown that at pinch off the dominant capacitance is the drift capacitance and that in conduction the drain source voltage plays a significant role in channel’s formation. Furthermore a semi empirical capacitance model is introduced. CGSand CGDare modeled below and above threshold voltage by considering parallel plate capacitors with different plate configuration in te two cases. Then, the derived expressions are unified using a transition function that preserves the continuity of the model. The model was adjusted and fitted adequately to measured CV data from fabricated TSI-VJFET.
Published: 2018
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12. Cross-Section Doping Topography of 4H-SiC VJFETs by Various Techniques

Author: Konstantinos Vamvoukakis, Marianthi Panagopoulou, Maher Nafouti, George Konstantinidis, Antonis Stavrinidis, Daniel Alquier, Konstantinos Zekentes, Maria Kayambaki, Nikolaos Makris, Katerina Tsagaraki, Hervé Peyre, Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), GREMAN (matériaux, microélectronique, acoustique et nanotechnologies) (GREMAN - UMR 7347), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, TSI-VJFET, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, Cross section (physics), chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Silicon carbide, General Materials Science, SSRM, 010302 applied physics, Silicon Carbide, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, SCM, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, SEM, Optoelectronics, Field-effect transistor, 0210 nano-technology, business, SIMS
Abstract: International audience; Different methods for cross-section doping topography of SiC Trenched-singly-implanted vertical junction field effect transistors (TSI-VJFETs) are presented with the purpose to determine the doping distribution in the epitaxial structure and the implanted areas.
Published: 2018
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13. The Role of Crystalline Orientation in the Formation of Surface Patterns on Solids Irradiated with Femtosecond Laser Double Pulses

Author: George D. Tsibidis, Andrei Kanaev, Luc Museur, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), and Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
Subjects: Materials science, multiscale modelling of laser-matter interaction, surface patterning, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Fluence, lcsh:Technology, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, crystal orientation, law, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, heat transfer, double pulse irradiation of solids, surface plasmon excitation, General Materials Science, Irradiation, carrier dynamics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Instrumentation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, ultrashort laser pulses, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Fluid transport, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, phase transitions, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, Femtosecond, Surface modification, 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Ultrashort pulse, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: A theoretical investigation of the underlying ultrafast processes upon irradiation of rutile TiO2 of (001) and (100) surface orientation with femtosecond (fs) double pulsed lasers was performed in ablation conditions, for which, apart from mass removal, phase transformation and surface modification of the heated solid were induced. A parametric study was followed to correlate the transient carrier density and the produced lattice temperature with the laser fluence, pulse separation and the induced damage. The simulations showed that both temporal separation and crystal orientation influence the surface pattern, while both the carrier density and temperature drop gradually to a minimum value at temporal separation equal to twice the pulse separation that remain constant at long delays. Carrier dynamics, interference of the laser beam with the excited surface waves, thermal response and fluid transport at various pulse delays explained the formation of either subwavelength or suprawavelength structures. The significant role of the crystalline anisotropy is illustrated through the presentation of representative experimental results correlated with the theoretical predictions.
Published: 2020
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14. Nonmonotonic Stress Relaxation after Cessation of Steady Shear Flow in Supramolecular Assemblies

Author: Naveen Krishna Reddy, Jan Hendricks, Laurent Bouteiller, Ameur Louhichi, Rémi Fournier, Dimitris Vlassopoulos, Vishal Metri, Willem J. Briels, Michel Cloitre, Christian Clasen, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institute for Nanotechnology (MESA+), University of Twente [Netherlands], Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie (MMC), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), and Computational Chemical Physics
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Polymer gels, Non-Newtonian fluids, Supramolecular chemistry, Elastic energy, General Physics and Astronomy, Monotonic function, Mechanics, Self-assembly, 01 natural sciences, Exponential function, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Shear (geology), Rheology techniques, 0103 physical sciences, Stress relaxation, Stimuli-responsive materials, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Redistribution (chemistry), ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Shear flow, Shear deformation
Abstract: Stress relaxation upon cessation of shear flow is known to be described by single-mode or multimode monotonic exponential decays. This is considered to be ubiquitous in nature. However, we found that, in some cases, the relaxation becomes anomalous in that an increase in the relaxing stress is observed. Those observations were made for physicochemically very different systems, having in common, however, the presence of self-associating units generating structures at large length scales. The nonmonotonic stress relaxation can be described phenomenologically by a generic model based on a redistribution of energy after the flow has stopped. When broken bonds are reestablished after flow cessation, the released energy is partly used to locally increase the elastic energy by the formation of deformed domains. If shear has induced order such that these elastic domains are partly aligned, the reestablishing of bonds gives rise to an increase of the overall stress. ispartof: Physical Review Letters vol:123 issue:21 ispartof: location:United States status: published
Published: 2019
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15. Exploring the Foundations of the Universe with Space Tests of the Equivalence Principle

Author: Gilles Métris, Serge Reynaud, Luc Blanchet, Philippe Jetzer, Manuel Rodrigues, Baptiste Battelier, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Pierre Fayet, Miquel Nofrarías, Steve Lecomte, Peter Wolf, Andrea Bertoldi, Christine Guerlin, Christian Schubert, Claus Braxmaier, T. J. Sumner, Wolfgang P. Schleich, Sina Loriani, Claus Lämmerzahl, Kai Bongs, Martin Zelan, Ernst M. Rasel, Aurélien Hees, Philip Tuckey, Philippe Bouyer, Christophe Le Poncin-Lafitte, Wolf von Klitzing, Lisa Wörner, Guglielmo M. Tino, Markus Rothacher, Naceur Gaaloul, Stephan Schiller, Christophe Salomon, Fiodor Sorrentino, Joel Bergé, Albert Roura, Davide Calonico, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], ONERA, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, School of Physics and Astronomy [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), Universität Bremen, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE - SYRTE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Physik-Institut [Zürich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Centre Suisse d'Electronique et Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Institute of Space Sciences [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia [Barcelona] (IEEC-CSIC), Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry [Zürich] (IGP), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institut fur Experimentalphysik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Imperial College London, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Computer science, Quantum technologies, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Space (commercial competition), Electrostatic accelerometers, 01 natural sciences, Gravitation, White paper, Physics - Space Physics, Physical universe, Equivalence principle, 0103 physical sciences, Calculus, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Space Tests, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Universality (philosophy), Astronomy and Astrophysics, 16. Peace & justice, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Quantum technology, Atom Interferometry, Space and Planetary Science, Satellite, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], ddc:520, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Battelier, B., et al., We present the scientific motivation for future space tests of the equivalence principle, and in particular the universality of free fall, at the 10 level or better. Two possible mission scenarios, one based on quantum technologies, the other on electrostatic accelerometers, that could reach that goal are briefly discussed. This publication is a White Paper written in the context of the Voyage 2050 ESA Call for White Papers., Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Published: 2019
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16. Tight focusing of electromagnetic fields by large-aperture mirrors

Author: Nikolay Panov, I. A. Nikolaeva, V. Yu. Fedorov, Olga G. Kosareva, Arnaud Couairon, Stelios Tzortzakis, Daniil E. Shipilo, Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), and Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU)
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Physics, Diffraction, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Geometrical optics, Plane (geometry), Mathematical analysis, Physics::Optics, Conical surface, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Transverse plane, Maxwell's equations, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We derive nonparaxial input conditions for simulations of tightly focused electromagnetic fields by means of unidirectional nonparaxial vectorial propagation equations. The derivation is based on the geometrical optics transfer of the incident electric field from significantly curved reflecting surfaces such as parabolic and conical mirrors to the input plane, with consideration of the finite thickness of the focusing element and large convergence angles, making the propagation vectorial and nonparaxial. We have benchmarked numerical solutions of propagation equations initiated with the nonparaxial input conditions against the solutions of Maxwell equations obtained by vectorial diffraction integrals. Both transverse and longitudinal components of the electric field obtained by these methods are in excellent agreement.
Published: 2019
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17. Flow dynamics of concentrated starlike micelles: A superposition rheometry investigation into relaxation mechanisms

Author: Alan R. Jacob, Andreas S. Poulos, Alexander N. Semenov, George Petekidis, Jan Vermant, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering K.U. Leuven, and IESL-FORTH and Department of Materials Science, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Subjects: Materials science, 010304 chemical physics, Condensed matter physics, Rheometry, Mechanical Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Viscoelasticity, Volumetric flow rate, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Shear rate, Superposition principle, Amplitude, Shear (geology), Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The steady state flow of a concentrated dispersion of starlike micelles above the colloidal glass transition concentration is interrogated by superimposing a small amplitude straining motion orthogonal to the main flow direction. Strain amplitude sweeps reveal that the linear response region of the orthogonal perturbation increases with increasing flow rate, consistent with a fluidization of the materials. Orthogonal dynamic frequency sweeps (ODFSs) are obtained for a wide range of shear rates probing the full flow curve. The shear-induced fluidization of the initially glassy suspension is more clearly evidenced by the appearance of a crossover frequency ω c in ODFS, which steadily increases, reflecting a faster structural relaxation under shear. The dependence of ω c on the shear rate is sublinear and follows a power law with an exponent of 0.8. We show that the shape of the orthogonal viscoelastic spectrum changes at a critical shear rate γ ˙ cr, indicative of a structural relaxation modulus that changes from exponential at lower shear rates to multistep with alternating exponential and power law response at higher shear rates. We finally provide a theoretical framework which explains the observed sublinear power law dependence of the crossover frequency and relates it with the shear rate dependence of the viscosity measured by the flow curve.The steady state flow of a concentrated dispersion of starlike micelles above the colloidal glass transition concentration is interrogated by superimposing a small amplitude straining motion orthogonal to the main flow direction. Strain amplitude sweeps reveal that the linear response region of the orthogonal perturbation increases with increasing flow rate, consistent with a fluidization of the materials. Orthogonal dynamic frequency sweeps (ODFSs) are obtained for a wide range of shear rates probing the full flow curve. The shear-induced fluidization of the initially glassy suspension is more clearly evidenced by the appearance of a crossover frequency ω c in ODFS, which steadily increases, reflecting a faster structural relaxation under shear. The dependence of ω c on the shear rate is sublinear and follows a power law with an exponent of 0.8. We show that the shape of the orthogonal viscoelastic spectrum changes at a critical shear rate γ ˙ cr, indicative of a structural relaxation modul...
Published: 2019
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18. Improved GaN Quantum Well Microcavities for Robust Room Temperature Polaritonics

Author: Maria Androulidaki, Foteini Miziou, Eva Monroy, George Konstantinidis, A. Kostopoulos, Katerina Tsagaraki, Emmanouil A. Amargianitakis, Nikos T. Pelekanos, E. Delamadeleine, Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece, Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Polaritonics, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum well, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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19. On the condensation of exciton polaritons in microcavities induced by a magnetic field

Author: V. P. Kochereshko, Pavlos G. Savvidis, H. Mariette, Lucien Besombes, Zacharias Hatzopoulos, S. I. Tsintzos, Darya Avdoshina, Alexey Kavokin, A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Exciton, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Exciton-polaritons, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biexciton, Circular polarization, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Zeeman effect, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Excitation
Abstract: The photoluminescence spectra of exciton polaritons in microcavities under conditions of three-dimensional quantization are studied as a factor of the density of the optical excitation and magnetic field. The behavior of the degree of circular polarization of the exciton luminescence in a magnetic field shows that, when the concentration of excitons increases, they condense at the lowest Zeeman sublevel.
Published: 2016
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20. Transferrable dielectric DBR membranes for versatile GaN-based polariton and VCSEL technology

Author: G. Doundoulakis, E. A. Amargianitakis, G. Konstantinidis, S.A. Kazazis, Nikos T. Pelekanos, Eva Monroy, E. Delamadeleine, G. Stavrinidis, Department of materials science and technology, University of Crete, Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece, Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC)
Subjects: Materials science, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Dielectric, Nitride, 01 natural sciences, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Planar, law, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Membrane, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Light-emitting diode
Abstract: We present an innovative process to realize planar GaN microcavities, based on transferrable high-quality oxide-based Distributed-Bragg-Reflector (t-DBR) membranes. Unlike the widely used direct DBR deposition, which is not always feasible, the concept of t-DBR membranes allows their versatile use as top mirrors in all kinds of vertical-cavity surface emitting geometry devices, including light emitting diodes and lasers. The process illustrated here starts by evaporating first a 4-pair SiO2/Ta2O5 DBR centered around 400 nm on a lithographically patterned GaAs substrate. The GaAs substrate is subsequently removed by wet-etching, and the released DBR membranes are transferred onto other templates for their use as top mirrors in microcavities. By transferring a 4-pair top DBR on an 8-pair bottom SiO2/Ta2O5 DBR, a distinct cavity mode appears due to the formed λ/2 oxide cavity with a Q-factor of 110. If the 4-pair top DBR is transferred on 200 nm-thick GaN/AlGaN quantum well-containing membranes sitting on 10-pair bottom DBRs, complete all-dielectric nitride polariton structures are fabricated with pronounced strong-coupling characteristics.
Published: 2020
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21. On the Optimum Determination and Use of SiC VJFET Threshold Voltage

Author: Konstantinos Zekentes, Nikolaos Makris, George Konstantinidis, Maria Kayambaki, Antonis Stavrinidis, Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Silicon Carbide (SiC), Threshold voltage, TI-VJFET, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Transfer Characteristics, General Materials Science, Threshold Voltage, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: The threshold voltage of SiC JFETs has been determined from transfer characteristics by employing methods commonly used in the case of MOSFETs. The extracted values have been compared with the value determined from the fitting of experimental transfer characteristics with the Schockley model equation. Moreover, the variation of the extracted threshold voltage values with respect to channel width has been employed to determine the channel concentration without taking into account the Vbi value.
Published: 2018
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22. Multimodal imaging technology by integrated scanning electron, force, and microwave microscopy and its application to study microscaled capacitors

Author: Didier Theron, Olaf C. Haenssler, Sergej Fatikow, Department für Informatik [Oldenburg], Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Nano and Microsystems - IEMN (NAM6 - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis work was supported by the bilateral programme of Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) and the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation,DFG) (Project GZ: FA347/48-1) and under the ANRprogram Equipex (ExCELSiOR). The authors thank IESL-FORTH, Heraklion, Greece, for manufacturing the calibration sample., ANR-11-EQPX-0015,Excelsior,Centre expérimental pour l'étude des propriétés des nanodispositifs dans un large spectre du DC au moyen Infra-rouge.(2011), and Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
Subjects: Materials science, Microscope, Scanning electron microscope, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Optical imaging, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Electromagnetism, law, 0103 physical sciences, Microscopy, Materials Chemistry, Computer software, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Instrumentation, Microscale chemistry, Optical interferometers, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Resolution (electron density), Microwave frequencies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nanorobotics, Chemical elements, Microwave spectroscopy, 0210 nano-technology, business, Focus (optics), Microwave
Abstract: Extracting simultaneously multimodal nanoscale specimen information, by an integrated microscopy technology, is in the focus of this report. The combination of multiple imaging techniques allows for obtaining complementary and often unique datasets of samples under test. An instrumental setup operating under high-vacuum conditions inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), as a platform fusing various microscopy methods, techniques and processes, illustrates the potential of such multimodal technology. An atomic force microscope based on a compact optical interferometer performs imaging of surface topographies and a scanning microwave microscope records electromagnetic properties in the microwave frequency domain at the same time and spot. An open-source software framework, tailored for vision-based automation by nanorobotics, controls the instrument. The setup allows for simultaneously observing the region-of-interest with SEM resolution, while imaging and characterizing with evanescent microwaves and atomic forces. To validate the approach an analysis of microscale capacitors is included.Extracting simultaneously multimodal nanoscale specimen information, by an integrated microscopy technology, is in the focus of this report. The combination of multiple imaging techniques allows for obtaining complementary and often unique datasets of samples under test. An instrumental setup operating under high-vacuum conditions inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), as a platform fusing various microscopy methods, techniques and processes, illustrates the potential of such multimodal technology. An atomic force microscope based on a compact optical interferometer performs imaging of surface topographies and a scanning microwave microscope records electromagnetic properties in the microwave frequency domain at the same time and spot. An open-source software framework, tailored for vision-based automation by nanorobotics, controls the instrument. The setup allows for simultaneously observing the region-of-interest with SEM resolution, while imaging and characterizing with evanescent ...
Published: 2018
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23. Ultra-low threshold polariton lasing at room temperature in a GaN membrane microcavity with a zero-dimensional trap

Author: Katerina Tsagaraki, Moïra Hocevar, Bruno Gayral, G. Christmann, Eva Monroy, F. G. Kalaitzakis, Rahul Jayaprakash, Nikos T. Pelekanos, Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-10-LABX-0051,LANEF,Laboratory of Alliances on Nanosciences - Energy for the Future(2010), and European Project: 237900,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-ITN-2008,ICARUS(2009)
Subjects: Materials science, Science, Exciton, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Emission spectrum, 010306 general physics, Saturation (magnetic), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum well, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Semiconductor, Medicine, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract: Polariton lasers are coherent light sources based on the condensation of exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities, which occurs either in the kinetic or thermodynamic (Bose-Einstein) regime. Besides their fundamental interest, polariton lasers have the potential of extremely low operating thresholds. Here, we demonstrate ultra-low threshold polariton lasing at room temperature, using an all-dielectric, GaN membrane-based microcavity, with a spontaneously-formed zero-dimensional trap. The microcavity is fabricated using an innovative method, which involves photo-electrochemical etching of an InGaN sacrificial layer and allows for the incorporation of optimally-grown GaN active quantum wells inside a cavity with atomically-smooth surfaces. The resulting structure presents near-theoretical Q-factors and pronounced strong-coupling effects, with a record-high Rabi splitting of 64 meV at room-temperature. Polariton lasing is observed at threshold carrier densities 2.5 orders of magnitude lower than the exciton saturation density. Above threshold, angle-resolved emission spectra reveal an ordered pattern in k-space, attributed to polariton condensation at discrete levels of a single confinement site. This confinement mechanism along with the high material and optical quality of the microcavity, accounts for the enhanced performance of our polariton laser, and pave the way for further developments in the area of robust room temperature polaritonic devices.
Published: 2017
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24. Generation of Attosecond Light Pulses from Gas and Solid State Media

Author: E. Skantzakis, Giuseppe Sansone, Dimitris Charalambidis, Subhendu Kahaly, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Paraskevas Tzallas, Stefanos Chatziathanasiou, Katalin Varjú, Stefan Haessler, George D. Tsakiris, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), ELI (ELI ALPS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Greek funding program NSFR, European Union, European Project: GINOP, and European Project: 641789,EUH
Subjects: lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, Attosecond, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, attosecond pulses, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, High harmonic generation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics, 01.03. Fizikai tudományok, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, lcsh:TA1501-1820, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, high harmonic generation, Pulse (physics), ultrafast dynamics, Temporal resolution, Extreme ultraviolet, Femtosecond, State of matter, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: International audience; Real-time observation of ultrafast dynamics in the microcosm is a fundamental approach for understanding the internal evolution of physical, chemical and biological systems. Tools for tracing such dynamics are flashes of light with duration comparable to or shorter than the characteristic evolution times of the system under investigation. While femtosecond (fs) pulses are successfully used to investigate vibrational dynamics in molecular systems, real time observation of electron motion in all states of matter requires temporal resolution in the attosecond (1 attosecond (asec) = 10(-18) s) time scale. During the last decades, continuous efforts in ultra-short pulse engineering led to the development of table-top sources which can produce asec pulses. These pulses have been synthesized by using broadband coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region generated by the interaction of matter with intense fs pulses. Here, we will review asec pulses generated by the interaction of gas phase media and solid surfaces with intense fs IR laser fields. After a brief overview of the fundamental process underlying the XUV emission form these media, we will review the current technology, specifications and the ongoing developments of such asec sources.
Published: 2017
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25. The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea from a stellar occultation

Author: Valerio Nascimbeni, J. Lecacheux, Toni Santana-Ros, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, Pablo Santos-Sanz, L. Nerli, D. T. Koseoglu, Frédéric Vachier, V. Peris, Przemyslaw Bartczak, R. Komžík, Eda Sonbas, Cs. Kiss, Gábor Marton, C. Ries, Yavuz Güney, Marcelo Assafin, Martina Maestripieri, Josselin Desmars, T. G. Mueller, Osman Demircan, O. Erece, V. Granata, A. R. Gomes-Júnior, Francesco Marzari, Ulrich Hopp, Cahit Yeşilyaprak, N. Paschalis, A. Campo Bagatin, B. Gaehrken, Paolo Bacci, V. Tsamis, O. Satir, F. Martinelli, F. L. Rommel, Santiago Pérez-Hoyos, F. Ciabattari, R. Iglesias-Marzoa, Stefano Mottola, Ricardo Hueso, Julio Camargo, Herman Mikuz, Françoise Roques, Mohammad Shameoni Niaei, Mauro Bachini, Vassilis Charmandaris, Jose Luis Ortiz, A. Takácsné Farkas, András Pál, A. Carbognani, L. Tzouganatos, Giuseppe Leto, Aleksandar Cikota, G. Benedetti-Rossi, Roberto Vieira-Martins, Nicolás Morales, José M. Madiedo, Bruno Sicardy, Róbert Szakáts, B. E. Morgado, Theodor Pribulla, Estela Fernández-Valenzuela, M. Butkiewicz-Bąk, Afşar Kabaş, Alvaro Alvarez-Candal, Giacomo Succi, Jérôme Berthier, J. Alikakos, Ç. Püsküllü, Kamil Hornoch, W. Beisker, E. Meza, Stefan Cikota, T. Ozisik, E. Varga-Verebélyi, J. M. Christille, J. C. Guirado, Grzegorz Dudziński, L. Mazzei, J. M. Ohlert, Rene Duffard, Raoul Behrend, S. Kalkan, A. Marciniak, N. Karaman, S. Hellmich, Kosmas Gazeas, Victor Ali-Lagoa, Ozan Ünsalan, Felipe Braga-Ribas, François Colas, Petr Pravec, Diane Berard, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Astronomía y Astrofísica, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Nacional [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Observatório Nacional/MCT, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Ondřejov Observatory of the Prague Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centro Astronomico di Libbiano, Associazione Astrofili Alta Valdera, Istituto di Informatica e Telematica (IIT-CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatório do Valongo/UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Geneva Observatory, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Occultation Timing Association European Section (IOTA ES), International Occultation Timing Association European Section, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), IESL, Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Astronomical Observatory [Poznan], Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics Panepistimiopolis (DAAMP), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Astronomical Union of Sparta [Sparta], University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Departamento de Fı'sica Aplicada I, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Bilbao, Observatorio Astronomico de Valencia, Universitat de València (UV), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, European Commission, European Research Council, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Generalitat Valenciana, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), L2EP - Équipe Réseaux, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), University of Geneva [Switzerland], University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UFRJ), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - EA 2697 (L2EP), Ecole Centrale de Lille-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Athens [Greece] (UOA), and Universitat de València (UV)-Observatorio Astronomico de Valencia
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, European community, Trans Neptunian Object, Dwarf planet, Haumea, FOS: Physical sciences, Library science, shape, 01 natural sciences, size, dwarf planet, Neptune, Física Aplicada, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], density, 2003 EL61, Kuiper-belt, photometric-observations, collisional family, object, bodies, albedo, satellites, Uranus, Dwarf planets, Multidisciplinary, European research, Asteroid, Trans-Neptunian, Astronomy, Stellar occultation, Moons of Haumea, stellar occultation, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ring, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Ortiz, José Luis et. al., Haumea-one of the four known trans-Neptunian dwarf planets- is a very elongated and rapidly rotating body1-3. In contrast to other dwarf planets4-6, its size, shape, albedo and density are not well constrained. The Centaur Chariklo was the first body other than a giant planet known to have a ring system7, and the Centaur Chiron was later found to possess something similar to Chariklo's rings8,9. Here we report observations from multiple Earth-based observatories of Haumea passing in front of a distant star (a multichord stellar occultation). Secondary events observed around the main body of Haumea are consistent with the presence of a ring with an opacity of 0.5, width of 70 kilometres and radius of about 2,287 kilometres. The ring is coplanar with both Haumea's equator and the orbit of its satellite Hi'iaka. The radius of the ring places it close to the 3:1 mean-motion resonance with Haumea's spin period-that is, Haumea rotates three times on its axis in the time that a ring particle completes one revolution. The occultation by the main body provides an instantaneous elliptical projected shape with axes of about 1,704 kilometres and 1,138 kilometres. Combined with rotational light curves, the occultation constrains the three-dimensional orientation of Haumea and its triaxial shape, which is inconsistent with a homogeneous body in hydrostatic equilibrium. Haumea's largest axis is at least 2,322 kilometres, larger than previously thought, implying an upper limit for its density of 1,885 kilograms per cubic metre and a geometric albedo of 0.51, both smaller than previous estimates1,10,11. In addition, this estimate of the density of Haumea is closer to that of Pluto than are previous estimates, in line with expectations. No global nitrogen- or methane-dominated atmosphere was detected.© 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved., J.L.O. acknowledges funding from Spanish and Andalusian grants MINECO AYA-2014-56637-C2-1-P and J. A. 2012-FQM1776 as well as FEDER funds. Part of the research leading to these results received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under grant agreement no. 687378. B.S. acknowledges support from the French grants 'Beyond Neptune' ANR-08-BLAN-0177 and 'Beyond Neptune II' ANR-11-1S56-0002. Part of the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 (2014-2020/ERG grant agreement no. 669416 'Lucky Star'). A.P. and R.S. have been supported by the grant LP2012-31 of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. All of the Hungarian contributors acknowledge the partial support from K-125015 grant of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH). G.B.-R., F.B.-R., F.L.R., R.V.-M., J.I.B.C., M.A., A.R.G.-J. and B.E.M. acknowledge support from CAPES, CNPq and FAPERJ. J.C.G. acknowledges funding from AYA2015-63939-C2-2-P and from the Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEOII/2014/057. K.H. and P.P. were supported by the project RVO:67985815. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley acknowledges a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. We acknowledge funds from a 2016 'Research and Education' grant from Fondazione CRT. We also acknowledge the Slovakian project ITMS no. 26220120029.
Published: 2017
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26. Strained GaAs/InGaAs Core-Shell Nanowires for Photovoltaic Applications

Author: S. Germanis, Fabrice Donatini, Maria Androulidaki, Joel Cibert, S. L. Tan, K. Moratis, C. C. Katsidis, Katerina Tsagaraki, Zacharias Hatzopoulos, N. T. Pelekanos, H. Mariette, Yann-Michel Niquet, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Optique et microscopies (POM), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratory of Atomistic Simulation (LSIM ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-10-LABX-0051,LANEF,Laboratory of Alliances on Nanosciences - Energy for the Future(2010), Optique & Microscopies (NEEL - POM), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC)
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Materials science, Cathodoluminescence, Shell (structure), Nanowire, Nanochemistry, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Range (particle radiation), Core-shell GaAs/InGaAs nanowires, Nano Express, business.industry, Micro-photoluminescence, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Nanostructure characterization, Micro-Raman, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract: We report on the successful growth of strained core-shell GaAs/InGaAs nanowires on Si (111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The as-grown nanowires have a density in the order of 10(8) cm(-2), length between 3 and 3.5 μm, and diameter between 60 and 160 nm, depending on the shell growth duration. By applying a range of characterization techniques, we conclude that the In incorporation in the nanowires is on average significantly smaller than what is nominally expected based on two-dimensional growth calibrations and exhibits a gradient along the nanowire axis. On the other hand, the observation of sharp dot-like emission features in the micro-photoluminescence spectra of single nanowires in the 900-1000-nm spectral range highlights the co-existence of In-rich enclosures with In content locally exceeding 30 %.
Published: 2016
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27. Studying the evolution of galaxies in compact groups over the past 3 Gyr – II. The importance of environment in the suppression of star formation

Author: Vassilis Charmandaris, Pierre Guillard, J. Jesús González, Lauranne Lanz, Theodoros Bitsakis, Andreas Zezas, Tanio Díaz-Santos, P. N. Appleton, Katherine Alatalo, Laure Ciesla, Yair Krongold, Deborah Dultzin, NASA Herschel Science Center, NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), IESL, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy merger, 01 natural sciences, Peculiar galaxy, Galaxy group, 0103 physical sciences, Disc, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Lenticular galaxy, Galaxy cluster, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminous infrared galaxy, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Elliptical galaxy, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: We present an in depth study on the evolution of galaxy properties in compact groups over the past 3 Gyr. We are using the largest multi-wavelength sample to-date, comprised 1770 groups (containing 7417 galaxies), in the redshift range of 0.01, Comment: (Accepted for publication in MNRAS, date of submission November 18, 2015)
Published: 2016
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28. 3D plasmonic crystal metamaterials for ultra-sensitive biosensing

Author: Andrei V. Kabashin, Artem Danilov, Maria Manousidaki, Konstantina Terzaki, Maria Farsari, Andrey Aristov, Costas Fotakis, Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques (LP3), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Metamaterial, Biosensing Techniques, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Crystal, Delocalized electron, Spectral sensitivity, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Biosensor, Refractive index, Plasmon, Localized surface plasmon
Abstract: We explore the excitation of plasmons in 3D plasmon crystal metamaterials and report the observation of a delocalized plasmon mode, which provides extremely high spectral sensitivity (>2600 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) change), outperforming all plasmonic counterparts excited in 2D nanoscale geometries, as well as a prominent phase-sensitive response (>3*104 deg. of phase per RIU). Combined with a large surface for bioimmobilization provided by the 3D matrix, the proposed sensor architecture promises a new important landmark in the advancement of plasmonic biosensing technology.
Published: 2016
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29. Surface plasma attosource beamlines at ELI-ALPS

Author: Cédric Sire, Mojtaba Shirozhan, Stefan Haessler, Fabien Quéré, Sudipta Mondal, Katalin Varjú, Aline Vernier, Naveed Ahmed, Subhendu Kahaly, Maïmouna Bocoum, K. Nelissen, Dimitris Charalambidis, Frederik Boehle, F. Sylla, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, ELI HU Nonprofit Ltd, ELI Attosecond Light Pulse Source, Dugon Ter 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SourceLAB SAS (SourceLAB SAS), Physique à Haute Intensité (PHI), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Szeged [Szeged], Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: High peak, Generation process, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Extreme Light Infrastructure, OCIS codes: (320.0320) Ultrafast optics, (340.7480) X-rays, soft x-rays, extreme ultraviolet (EUV), (320.7160) Ultrafast technology, business.industry, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Plasma, Attophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Beamline, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, business, Adaptive optics, Laser beams
Abstract: International audience; ELI-ALPS, one of the three pillars of the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project, will be in a unique position to offer dedicated experimental platforms for ultrashort time-resolved investigations of strongly excited dynamical systems. The state-of-the-art surface plasma attosource (SPA) beamlines at ELI-ALPS are being designed and developed to enable new directions in plasma-based attoscience research. The SPA beamlines will be driven by ultrashort, high peak power, high repetition rate lasers based on the latest technology and are aimed to develop previously unavailable attoscience experimental platforms employing surface high-harmonic generation process. This endeavor involves research and development challenges and careful considerations. Here we discuss the physics of plasma attosources and their characteristics under such extreme conditions and the beamline functionalities that would facilitate these objectives. Finally, we delineate the initial research possibilities with these sophisticated instruments. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America
Published: 2018
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30. Ageing and yield behaviour in model soft colloidal glasses

Author: Michel Cloitre, George Petekidis, Dimitris Vlassopoulos, Brian M. Erwin, C. Christopoulou, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), IBM Corporation (IBM), IBM, Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie (MMC), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Yield (engineering), Materials science, 010304 chemical physics, Viscoplasticity, General Mathematics, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamics, 01 natural sciences, Viscoelasticity, Colloid, Nonlinear system, Rheology, Shear (geology), Creep, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We use multi-arm star polymers as model soft colloids with tuneable interactions and explore their behaviour in the glassy state. In particular, we perform a systematic rheological study with a well-defined protocol and address aspects of ageing and shear melting of star glasses. Ageing proceeds in two distinct steps: a fast step of O (10 3 s) and a slow step of O (10 4 s). We focus on creep and recovery tests, which reveal a rich, albeit complex response. Although the waiting time, the time between pre-shear (rejuvenation) of the glassy sample and measurement, affects the material’s response, it does not play the same role as in other soft glasses. For stresses below the yield value, the creep curve is divided into three regimes with increasing time: viscoplastic, intermediate steady flow (associated with the first ageing step) and long-time evolving elastic solid. This behaviour reflects the interplay between ageing and shear rejuvenation. The yield behaviour, as investigated with the stress-dependent recoverable strain, indicates a highly nonlinear elastic response intermediate between a low-stress Hookean solid and a high-stress viscoelastic liquid, and exemplifies the distinct characteristics of this class of hairy colloids. It appears that a phenomenological classification of different colloidal glasses based on yielding performance may be possible.
Published: 2009
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31. Comparison of Bottom-Up and Top-Down 3C-SiC NWFETs

Author: Konstantinos Zekentes, Giovanni Attolini, Ji Hoon Choi, Edwige Bano, Anne Henry, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology [Linköping] (IFM), Linköping University (LIU), Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo [Genova] (IMEM-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Materials science, Fabrication, NWFET, Transconductance, Nanowire, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 3C-SiC, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Transistor, Doping, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Orders of magnitude (numbers), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Nanowires, Mechanics of Materials, Optoelectronics, Field-effect transistor, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; The until-now demonstrated SiC-Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (NWFETs) have exhibited poor performance due to the high residual doping of the NWs as well as the bad interface with the gate dielectrics. Top-down NWs have been used for the SiC NWFETs fabrication on the basis of low-doped 3C-SiC material and eliminating, thus, the first reason. The transistors with top-down grown NWs exhibited three orders of magnitude higher current and transconductance values with respect to SiC NWFETs with bottom-up grown NWs. Nevertheless, it was not possible to switch-off the transistors showing the importance of interface with the gate dielectrics.
Published: 2015
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32. The ELI-ALPS facility: the next generation of attosecond sources

Author: Caterina Vozzi, Francesca Calegari, Hampus Wikmark, Karoly Osvay, Eric Cormier, Aline Vernier, Michele Devetta, Constantinos Kalpouzos, Fabio Frassetto, Filippo Campi, Gregory Iaquaniello, Per Johnsson, Cord L. Arnold, Salvatore Stagira, Subhendu Kahaly, Maïmona Bocoum, Nikos Papadakis, Miklós Füle, Dimitris Charalambidis, Zoltán Várallyay, Erik P. Månsson, Piotr Rudawski, Mauro Nisoli, Anne L'Huillier, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Sudipta Mondal, Luca Poletto, Franck Lépine, Sylvain Maclot, Giuseppe Sansone, Paraskevas Tzallas, Sergei Kühn, Mikhail Kalashnikov, Balázs Major, Christoph M. Heyl, Frederik Boehle, Mathieu Dumergue, Katalin Varjú, Tamás Csizmadia, B. Farkas, Stefan Haessler, E. Skantzakis, ELI (ELI ALPS), Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, ICT Institute of Politecnico di Milano, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Fachbereich Physik [Hamburg], Universität Hamburg (UHH), CNR Inst Photon & Nanotechnol, Dipartimento di Fisica [Politecnico Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Subjects: generation of attosecond pulses, Extreme Light Infrastructure, Attosecond, ultrafast phenomena, 01 natural sciences, Domain (software engineering), law.invention, application of extreme ultraviolet radiation, attosecond physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, 010309 optics, law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Quality characteristics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Laser, Engineering physics, Pulse (physics), Femtosecond, and Optics
Abstract: Journal of physics / B 50(13), 132002 - (2017). doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa6ee8, This review presents the technological infrastructure that will be available at the Extreme Light Infrastructure Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI-ALPS) international facility. ELI-ALPS will offer to the international scientific community ultrashort pulses in the femtosecond and attosecond domain for time-resolved investigations with unprecedented levels of high quality characteristics. The laser sources and the attosecond beamlines available at the facility will make attosecond technology accessible for scientists lacking access to these novel tools. Time-resolved investigation of systems of increasing complexity is envisaged using the end stations that will be provided at the facility., Published by IOP Publ., Bristol
Published: 2017
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33. The build-up of nuclear stellar cusps in extreme starburst galaxies and major mergers

Author: Jason Melbourne, Eric J. Murphy, Joseph M. Mazzarella, Justin Howell, Carrie Bridge, T. Vavilkin, Jason Surace, Vassilis Charmandaris, D. C. Kim, Lee Armus, Andreea Petric, Robert Braun, S. Stierwalt, Tanio Díaz-Santos, Aaron S. Evans, S. Haan, Hanae Inami, D. B. Sanders, AUTRES, IESL, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), iROc Technologies (IROC TECHNOLOGIES), Cadence Connection-EDA Consortium-FSA-Cubic Micro, Universidad Diego Portales [Santiago] (UDP), Nano Powder Metallurgy Group, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, inconnu temporaire UPEMLV, Inconnu, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Nir light, Active galactic nucleus, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Luminous infrared galaxy, Cusp (singularity), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Magnitude (astronomy), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Nuclear stellar cusps are defined as central excess light component in the stellar light profiles of galaxies and are suggested to be stellar relics of intense compact starbursts in the central ~100-500 pc region of gas-rich major mergers. Here we probe the build-up of nuclear cusps during the actual starburst phase for a complete sample of Luminous Infrared Galaxy systems (85 LIRGs, with 11.4, Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2013
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34. Glassy States in Asymmetric Mixtures of Soft and Hard Colloids

Author: Mario Gauthier, Daniela Marzi, Barbara Capone, John Marakis, Firmin Moingeon, Dimitris Vlassopoulos, Abdul Munam, Christos N. Likos, Domenico Truzzolillo, Manuel Camargo, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Faculty of Physics [Vienna], Universität Wien, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Truzzolillo, D., Marzi, D., Marakis, J., Capone, B., Camargo, M., Munam, A., Moingeon, F., Gauthier, M., Likos, C. N., and Vlassopoulos, D.
Subjects: Binodal, endocrine system, Materials science, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Colloid, Star polymer, Rheology, Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Mode coupling, Statistical physics, PACS: 82.70.Dd, 64.70.kj, 83.80.Rs, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Line (formation)
Abstract: By employing rheological experiments, mode coupling theory, and computer simulations based on realistic coarse-grained models, we investigate the effects of small, hard colloids on the glassy states formed by large, soft colloids. Multiarm star polymers mimic hard and soft colloids by appropriately varying the number and size of their arms. The addition of hard colloids leads, depending on their concentration, to either melting of the soft glass or the emergence of two distinct glassy states. We explain our findings by depletion of the colloids adjacent to the stars, which leads to an arrested phase separation when the repulsive glass line meets the demixing binodal. The parameter-free agreement between experiment, theory, and simulations suggests the generic nature of our results and opens the route for designing soft-hard colloidal composites with tunable rheology. © 2013 American Physical Society.
Published: 2013
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35. Atom number calibration in absorption imaging at very small atom numbers

Author: Olivier Morizot, Gustav Wikström, Melina Pappa, Mark Baker, Paul C. Condylis, Wolf von Klitzing, D. Sahagun, Gregory O. Konstantinidis, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut of electronic strucutre and laser (IESL), and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)
Subjects: Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], QC1-999, ultra-cold atoms, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, magneto optical trap, symbols.namesake, Ultracold atom, Magneto-optical trap, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Calibration, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, absorption imaging, dark-ground imaging, magneto optic trap, symbols, Atomic number, Atomic physics, Doppler effect
Abstract: Cold atom experiments often use images of the atom clouds as their exclusive source of experimental information. The most commonly used technique is absorption imaging, which provides accurate information about the shapes of the atom clouds, but requires care when seeking the absolute atom number for small atom samples. In this paper, we present an independent, absolute calibration of the atom numbers. We directly compare the atom number detected using dark-ground imaging to the one observed by fluorescence imaging of the same atoms in a magneto-optical trap. We normalise the signal using single-atom resolved fluorescence imaging. In order to be able to image the absorption of the very low atom numbers involved, we use diffractive dark-ground imaging as a novel, ultra-sensitive method of in situ imaging for untrapped atom clouds down to only 100 atoms. We demonstrate that the Doppler shift due to the acceleration of the atoms by the probe beam has to be taken into account when measuring the atom-number.
Published: 2012
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36. GOODS-HERSCHEL MEASUREMENTS OF THE DUST ATTENUATION OF TYPICAL STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT HIGH REDSHIFT: OBSERVATIONS OF ULTRAVIOLET-SELECTED GALAXIES AT z similar to 2

Author: Roger Leiton, J. Kartaltepe, Naveen A. Reddy, V. Charmandaris, Bruno Altieri, Georgios E. Magdis, P. Popesso, H. Aussel, Benjamin Magnelli, Kalliopi Dasyra, V. Buat, Rob Ivison, M. Giavalisco, Helmut Dannerbauer, Denis Burgarella, Eric J. Murphy, C. Papovich, Ho Seong Hwang, Mark Dickinson, Douglas Scott, G. E. Morrison, E. Daddi, D. Elbaz, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, NOAO, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institute for Astronomy [Honolulu], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Department of Astronomy [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Royal Observatory Edinburgh (ROE), University of Edinburgh, AUTRES, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Vancouver], University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), IESL, Herschel Science Centre, European Space Agency (ESA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Texas A&M University [College Station], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Physics, Luminous infrared galaxy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Infrared, Star formation, Attenuation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Billion years, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We take advantage of the sensitivity and resolution of Herschel at 100 and 160 micron to directly image the thermal dust emission and investigate the infrared luminosities, L(IR), and dust obscuration of typical star-forming (L*) galaxies at high redshift. Our sample consists of 146 UV-selected galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts 1.51e10 Lsun at z~2 are luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) with a median L(IR)=(2.2+/-0.3)e11 Lsun. Typical galaxies at 1.5, Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2012
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37. Holographic quantum criticality and strange metal transport

Author: Christos Panagopoulos, Bom Soo Kim, Elias Kiritsis, Crete Center for Theoretical Physics [Heraklion] (CCTP), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Department of Physics [Heraklion], Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Crete Center for Theoretical Physics (CCTP), Physics Department, APC - THEORIE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, and Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH)
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Magnetoresistance, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Black hole, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Hall effect, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Science::Mathematics [DRNTU], Charge carrier, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Quantum
Abstract: A holographic model of a quantum critical theory at a finite but low temperature, and finite density is studied. The model exhibits non-relativistic z=2 Schr\"odinger symmetry and is realized by the Anti-de-Sitter-Schwarzschild black hole in light-cone coordinates. Our approach addresses the electrical conductivities in the presence or absence of an applied magnetic field and contains a control parameter that can be associated to quantum tuning via charge carrier doping or an external field in correlated electron systems. The Ohmic resistivity, the inverse Hall angle, the Hall coefficient and the magnetoresistance are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results of strange metals at very low temperature. The holographic model also predicts new scaling relations in the presence of a magnetic field., Comment: 39 pages, 7 figures, (v2) Major revision that considers a wider range of phenomena, explanations and comparisons to experimental data. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1107.2116
Published: 2012
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38. The Evolving Interstellar Medium of Star-Forming Galaxies since Z = 2 as Probed by their Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions

Author: Maurilio Pannella, Fabian Walter, Helmut Dannerbauer, E. da Cunha, Mark Sargent, Georgios E. Magdis, Vassilis Charmandaris, Emanuele Daddi, Ho Seong Hwang, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, David Elbaz, Mark Dickinson, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Matthieu Béthermin, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Universität Wien, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Smithsonian Institution, UPGAL, European Project: 240039,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-StG,UPGAL(2009), University of Oxford, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Physics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), NOAO, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and AUTRES
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Stellar mass, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Infrared, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Galaxy, Luminosity, Interstellar medium, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Millimeter, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Using data from the mid-infrared to millimeter wavelengths for individual galaxies and for stacked ensembles at 0.5, which is proportional to the dust mass weighted luminosity (LIR/Mdust), and the primary parameter defining the shape of the SED, is equivalent to SFE/Z. For MS galaxies we measure this quantity, , showing that it does not depend significantly on either the stellar mass or the sSFR. This is explained as a simple consequence of the existing correlations between SFR-M*, M*-Z and Mgas-SFR. Instead, we show that (or LIR/Mdust) does evolve, with MS galaxies having harder radiation fields and thus warmer temperatures as redshift increases from z=0 to 2, a trend which can also be understood based on the redshift evolution of the M*-Z and SFR-M* relations. These results motivate the construction of a universal set of SED templates for MS galaxies which vary as a function of redshift with only one parameter, ., Comment: To appear in ApJ, in the November 10, 2012, v759 -2 issue
Published: 2012
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39. The Molecular Gas Content of Z = 3 Lyman Break Galaxies: Evidence of a Non-Evolving Gas Fraction in Main-Sequence Galaxies At Z > 2

Author: Chiara Feruglio, Georgios E. Magdis, Helmut Dannerbauer, Mark Dickinson, Raphael Gobat, Emanuele Daddi, Qinghua Tan, Vassilis Charmandaris, M. T. Sargent, D. Rigopoulou, N. Reddy, D. Elbaz, Herve Aussel, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), IESL, National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, UPGAL, ANR-08-JCJC-0008,UPGAL(2008), European Project: 240039,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-StG,UPGAL(2009), Department of Physics, NOAO, University of Oxford, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Infrared, Star formation, FOS: Physical sciences, Plateau de Bure Interferometer, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Mass ratio, Plateau (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Flattening, Galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present observations of the CO[3-2] emission towards two massive and infrared luminous Lyman Break Galaxies at z = 3.21 and z = 2.92, using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer, placing first constraints on the molecular gas masses (Mgas) of non-lensed LBGs. Their overall properties are consistent with those of typical (Main-Sequence) galaxies at their redshifts, with specific star formation rates ~1.6 and ~2.2 Gyr^(-1), despite their large infrared luminosities L_IR ~2-3 x 10^12 Lsun derived from Herschel. With one plausible CO detection (spurious detection probability of 10^(-3)) and one upper limit, we investigate the evolution of the molecular gas-to-stellar mass ratio (Mgas/M*) with redshift. Our data suggest that the steep evolution of Mgas/M* of normal galaxies up to z~2 is followed by a flattening at higher redshifts, providing supporting evidence for the existence of a plateau in the evolution of the specific star formation rate at z > 2.5., Accepted for publication in ApJL
Published: 2012
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40. Ultra-sensitive atom imaging for matter-wave optics

Author: M Pappa, A Lazoudis, G O Konstantinidis, Paul C. Condylis, Olivier Morizot, Vasiliki Bolpasi, D. Sahagun, Mark Baker, W. von Klitzing, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], business.industry, Degenerate energy levels, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, Quantum state, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Matter wave, 010306 general physics, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Quantum, Bose–Einstein condensate, Order of magnitude
Abstract: International audience; Quantum degenerate Fermi gases and Bose–Einstein condensates give access to a vast new class of quantum states. The resulting multi-particle correlations place extreme demands on the detection schemes. Here we introduce diffractive dark-ground imaging as a novel ultra-sensitive imaging technique. Using only moderate detection optics, we image clouds of less than 30 atoms with near-atom shot-noise-limited signal-to-noise ratio and show Stern–Gerlach separated spinor condensates with a minority component of only seven atoms. This presents an improvement of more than one order of magnitude when compared to our standard absorption imaging. We also examine the optimal conditions for absorption imaging, including saturation and fluorescence contributions. Finally, we discuss potentially serious imaging errors of small atom clouds whose size is near the resolution of the optics.
Published: 2011
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41. GOODS-Herschel~: Gas-to-dust mass ratios and CO-to-H_2 conversion factors in normal and starbursting galaxies at high-z

Author: Dominik A. Riechers, Georgios E. Magdis, D. Rigopoulou, Ho Seong Hwang, E. Elbaz, Maurilio Pannella, M. T. Sargent, Helmut Dannerbauer, Fabian Walter, James Mullaney, Chris Carilli, Roger Leiton, Emanuele Daddi, J. A. Hodge, Mark Dickinson, Douglas Scott, H. Aussel, Vassilis Charmandaris, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), IESL, Department of Astronomy [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Socorro] (NRAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Department of Physics and Astrononomy, University of British Columbia (UBC), ANR-08-JCJC-0008,UPGAL(2008), European Project: 240039,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-StG,UPGAL(2009), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Oxford, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Physics, NOAO, Department of Physics, ICTP, UPGAL, and European Project
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Field (physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Infrared, Metallicity, Star (game theory), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Mass ratio, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Body function, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We explore the gas-to-dust mass ratio (G/D) and the CO luminosity-to-Mgas conversion factor (a_co) of two well studied galaxies in the GOODS-N field, that are expected to have different star forming modes, the starburst GN20 at z=4.05 and the normal star-forming galaxy BzK-21000 at z=1.52. Detailed sampling is available for their Rayleigh-Jeans emission via ground based mm interferometry (1.1-6.6mm) along with Herschel, PACS and SPIRE data that probe the peak of their infrared emission. Using the physically motivated Draine & Li (2007) models, as well as a modified black body function, we measure the dust mass (Md) of the sources and find 2.0^{+0.7}_{-0.6} x 10^{9} Msun for GN20 and 8.6^{+0.6}_{-0.9} x 10^{8} Msun for BzK-21000. The addition of mm data reduces the uncertainties of the derived Md by a factor of ~2, allowing the use of the local G\D vs metallicity relation to place constraints on the a_co values of the two sources. For GN20 we derive a conversion factor of a_co < 1.0 Msun pc^{-2}(K km s^{-1})^{-1}, consistent with that of local ULIRGs, while for BzK-21000 we find a considerably higher value, a_co ~4.0 Msun pc^{-2}(K km s^{-1})^{-1}, in agreement with an independent kinematic derivation reported previously. The implied star formation efficiency is ~25 Lsun/Msun for BzK-21000, a factor of ~5-10 lower than that of GN20. The findings for these two sources support the existence of different disk-like and starburst star-formation modes in distant galaxies, although a larger sample is required to draw statistically robust results, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2011
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42. Analysis of the environmental magnetic noise rejection by using two simple magnetoelectric sensors

Author: Jiefang Li, Liangguo Shen, Ying Shen, Junqi Gao, David Gray, Sébastien Saez, Dwight D. Viehland, Christophe Dolabdjian, Xin Zhuang, Peter Finkel, Department of Materials Science and Engineering [Blacksburg] (MSE), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Equipe Electronique - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Zhunag, Xin
Subjects: Engineering, Magnetic noise, Acoustics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Simple (abstract algebra), Data logger, 0103 physical sciences, Image noise, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Signal processing, Magnetoelectric senssors, business.industry, Metals and Alloys, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Noise floor, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Noise, Electromagnetic shielding, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; We have evaluated the performance of a classical differential technique to reject magnetic or, in a lesser extent, the vibrational coherent noise sources sensed by two identical magnetoelectric (ME) laminated sensors with the help of a data logger. The signals of two ME sensors were directly subtracted given highly homogeneous external noise. Through a signal processing technique, the intrinsic noise of the ME sensor systems was obtained to be 20 pT/√Hz with a rejection factor of the external homogeneous noise sources of 20. The latter is mainly limited, as theoretical described, by the incoherent noise and discrepancy between the sensors. To demonstrate the efficiency of this technique by using ME sensors, internal noise tests were also performed in a magnetic shielding chamber for individual ME sensor and shown to be close to that of the sensors in an open environment
Published: 2011

43. Tuning spectral properties of ultrafast laser ablation plasmas from brass using adaptive temporal pulse shaping

Author: David Gray, Mathieu Guillermin, Razvan Stoian, A. Klini, Jean-Philippe Colombier, Eric Audouard, Florence Garrelie, Carl Liebig, Costas Fotakis, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), ULTRA, European Project: 212025,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2007-1,LASERLAB-EUROPE CONT(2008), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Femtosecond pulse shaping, Materials science, Hot Temperature, Manufactured Materials, plume optimization, 02 engineering and technology, Radiation Dosage, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pulsed laser deposition, X-ray laser, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, Materials Testing, pulsed laser deposition, 010302 applied physics, Laser ablation, temporal pulse shaping, business.industry, Lasers, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Pulse shaping, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, breakdown spectroscopy, Zinc, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Gases, (140.3390) Laser materials processing, (320.2250) Femtosecond phenomena, ultrafast laser ablation, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse, Copper
Abstract: International audience; Using automated laser pulse temporal shaping we report on enhancing spectral emission characteristics of ablation plasmas produced by laser irradiation of brass on ultrafast time scales. For different input irradiance levels, control of both atomic and ionic species becomes possible concerning the yield and the excitation state. The improved energy coupling determined by tailored pulses induces material ejection with lower mechanical load that translates into hot gas-phase regions with higher excitation degrees and reduced particulates.
Published: 2010

44. yielding processes in a colloidal glass of soft star-like micelles under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS)

Author: Jörg Stellbrink, Frédéric Renou, George Petekidis, RENOU, Frédéric, Polymères, colloïdes, interfaces (PCI), Le Mans Université (UM), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), and Institute für Festkörperforschung, FZ Jülich, Jülich D-52425, Germany
Subjects: Dilatant, Chebyshev polynomials, [CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Viscoelasticity, Stress (mechanics), Rheology, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, ddc:530, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010304 chemical physics, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Non-Newtonian fluid, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Nonlinear system, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, Shear flow, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: The understanding of yielding and flow of a colloidal glass under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) represents a motivating challenge. Monitoring the higher harmonics in the stress signal by Fourier-transform (FT) rheology may provide useful insight on the progressive transition from linear to nonlinear viscoelastic response. However, the physical interpretation of FT-rheology data is still not obvious. Here we study the process of yielding in a colloidal glass formed by star-like block copolymer micelles with LAOS experiments and interrogate the nonlinear intracycle stress response by FT analysis and decomposition to an orthogonal set of Chebyshev polynomials [Ewoldt, R. H., et al. J. Rheol. 52(6), 1427-1458 (2008)]. Such approach provides a robust framework enabling us to map out a rich phenomenology of intracylce nonlinearities that may relate to distinct physical mechanisms. We find that the nonlinearities during yielding are represented by intracylce shear thickening/thinning and strain hardening/softening of the viscous and elastic response of the system, respectively. We suggest that the underlying mechanisms are related to cage breaking and reformation as well as stress storing and relaxation within the period of oscillatory shear which are affected by an interplay between shear and Brownian motions and thus relate to Peclet number variation with strain and frequency. (C) 2010 The Society of Rheology. [DOI: 10.1122/1.3483610]
Published: 2010
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45. Effective Holographic Theories for low-temperature condensed matter systems

Author: Rene Meyer, C. Charmousis, Blaise Goutéraux, Elias Kiritsis, Bom Soo Kim, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique Théorique (LMPT), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Department of Physics, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), APC - THEORIE, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Crete Center for Theoretical Physics [Heraklion] (CCTP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Condensed matter physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], FOS: Physical sciences, Charge density, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, Heat capacity, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Entropy (classical thermodynamics), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Back-reaction, Dilaton, Charge carrier, Gravitational singularity, 010306 general physics, Scaling
Abstract: The IR dynamics of effective holographic theories capturing the interplay between charge density and the leading relevant scalar operator at strong coupling are analyzed. Such theories are parameterized by two real exponents $(\gamma,\delta)$ that control the IR dynamics. By studying the thermodynamics, spectra and conductivities of several classes of charged dilatonic black hole solutions that include the charge density back reaction fully, the landscape of such theories in view of condensed matter applications is characterized. Several regions of the $(\gamma,\delta)$ plane can be excluded as the extremal solutions have unacceptable singularities. The classical solutions have generically zero entropy at zero temperature, except when $\gamma=\delta$ where the entropy at extremality is finite. The general scaling of DC resistivity with temperature at low temperature, and AC conductivity at low frequency and temperature across the whole $(\gamma,\delta)$ plane, is found. There is a codimension-one region where the DC resistivity is linear in the temperature. For massive carriers, it is shown that when the scalar operator is not the dilaton, the DC resistivity scales as the heat capacity (and entropy) for planar (3d) systems. Regions are identified where the theory at finite density is a Mott-like insulator at T=0. We also find that at low enough temperatures the entropy due to the charge carriers is generically larger than at zero charge density., Comment: (v3): Added discussion on the UV completion of the solutions, and on extremal spectra in the charged case. Expanded discusion on insulating extremal solutions. Many other refinements and corrections. 126 pages. 48 figures
Published: 2010
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46. Dynamic light scattering measurements in the activated regime of dense colloidal hard spheres

Author: George Petekidis, Djamel El Masri, Matteo Pierno, Ludovic Berthier, Giovanni Brambilla, Andrew B. Schofield, Luca Cipelletti, Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, Laboratoire des colloïdes, verres et nanomatériaux (LCVN), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), School of Physics (SUPA), University of Edinburgh, and ANR-07-BLAN-0157,DynHet,Quantitative characterisation of dynamic heterogeneities in glassy materials: models, simulations and new experiments(2007)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, MODE-COUPLING THEORY, Work (thermodynamics), MULTISPECKLE, GLASS-TRANSITION, SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS, SUSPENSIONS, FOS: Physical sciences, STRUCTURAL RELAXATION, SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS, SELF-DIFFUSION, SPECTROSCOPY, VELOCIMETRY, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Singularity, Dynamic light scattering, law, 0103 physical sciences, Crystallization, 010306 general physics, Divergence (statistics), Physics, Range (particle radiation), Relaxation (NMR), Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), Hard spheres, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, 3. Good health, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, 13. Climate action, Chemical physics, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: We use dynamic light scattering and numerical simulations to study the approach to equilibrium and the equilibrium dynamics of systems of colloidal hard spheres over a broad range of density, from dilute systems up to very concentrated suspensions undergoing glassy dynamics. We discuss several experimental issues (sedimentation, thermal control, non-equilibrium aging effects, dynamic heterogeneity) arising when very large relaxation times are measured. When analyzed over more than seven decades in time, we find that the equilibrium relaxation time, tau_alpha, of our system is described by the algebraic divergence predicted by mode-coupling theory over a window of about three decades. At higher density, tau_alpha increases exponentially with distance to a critical volume fraction phi_0 which is much larger than the mode-coupling singularity. This is reminiscent of the behavior of molecular glass-formers in the activated regime. We compare these results to previous work, carefully discussing crystallization and size polydispersity effects. Our results suggest the absence of a genuine algebraic divergence of tau_alpha in colloidal hard spheres., 16 pages; 12 figures
Published: 2010
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47. Probing the equilibrium dynamics of colloidal hard spheres above the mode-coupling glass transition

Author: Brambilla, Giovanni, Masri, Djamel El, Pierno, Matteo, Berthier, Ludovic, Cipelletti, Luca, Petekidis, George, Schofield, Andrew B., Laboratoire des colloïdes, verres et nanomatériaux (LCVN), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), School of Physics (SUPA), University of Edinburgh, CNES, ANR, NoE 'Softcomp', MCRTN 'Arrested Matter', and ANR-07-BLAN-0157,DynHet,Quantitative characterisation of dynamic heterogeneities in glassy materials: models, simulations and new experiments(2007)
Subjects: SCATTERING FUNCTION, SUSPENSIONS, PARTICLES, LIQUIDS, SPECTROSCOPY, Dynamic Light Scattering, MULTISPECKLE, Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamics, mode coupling theory, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, Power law, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Dynamic light scattering, 0103 physical sciences, 05.10.-a, 05.20.Jj, 64.70.P, glass transition, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, jamming, Coupling, Range (particle radiation), dynamic light scattering, Hard spheres, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Amplitude, Chemical physics, hard spheres, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), simulations, Glass transition, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: We use dynamic light scattering and computer simulations to study equilibrium dynamics and dynamic heterogeneity in concentrated suspensions of colloidal hard spheres. Our study covers an unprecedented density range and spans seven decades in structural relaxation time, $\ta$, including equilibrium easurements above $\phi_{\rm c}$, the location of the glass transition deduced from fitting our data to mode-coupling theory. Instead of falling out of equilibrium, the system remains ergodic above $\phi_{\rm c}$ and enters a new dynamical regime where $\ta$ increases with a functional form that was not anticipated by previous experiments, while the amplitude of dynamic heterogeneity grows slower than a power law with $\ta$, as found in molecular glass-formers close to the glass transition., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, published in PRL 102 085703 (2009)
Published: 2009
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48. Picosecond laser structuration under high pressures: observation of boron nitride nanorods

Author: Jean Pierre Petitet, Andrei Kanaev, Jean-Pierre Michel, Wladimir Marine, Costas Fotakis, Luc Museur, Demetrios Anglos, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux et des Hautes Pressions (LIMHP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Galilée-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Propriétés mécaniques et thermodynamiques des matériaux (PMTM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut of electronic strucutre and laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cinam, Hal, and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, crystallization, Nucleation, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, boron nitride nanorods, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Boron, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Laser ablation, Wide-bandgap semiconductor, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, amorphization, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, chemistry, Chemical physics, Boron nitride, Picosecond, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], picosecond laser processing, 0210 nano-technology, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other), Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract: International audience; We report on picosecond UV-laser processing of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) at moderately high pressures above 500 bar. The main effect is specific to the ambient gas and laser pulse duration in the ablation regime: when samples are irradiated by 5 ps or 0.45 ps laser pulses in nitrogen gas environment, multiple nucleation of a new crystalline product - BN nanorods - takes place. This process is triggered on structural defects, which number density strongly decreases upon recrystallization. Non-linear photon absorption by adsorbed nitrogen molecules is suggested to mediate the nucleation-growth. High pressure is responsible for the confinement and strong backscattering of ablation products. A strong surface structuring also appears at longer 150-ps laser irradiation in similar experimental conditions. However, the transformed product in this case is amorphous strongly contaminated by boron suboxides BxOy.
Published: 2008
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49. Photoluminescence of hexagonal boron nitride: effect of surface oxidation under UV-laser irradiation

Author: Jean Michel, Demetrios Anglos, Jean-Pierre Petitet, Andrei Kanaev, Luc Museur, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut of electronic strucutre and laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux et des Hautes Pressions (LIMHP), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Propriétés mécaniques et thermodynamiques des matériaux (PMTM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Materials science, Biophysics, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, UV-laser irradiation, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, hexagonal boron nitride, 010306 general physics, Boron, surface oxydation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallographic defect, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], photoluminescence, PACS 78.55.Cr, 78.55-m, 68.43.-h, 0210 nano-technology, business, Stoichiometry, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract: International audience; We report on the UV laser induced fluorescence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) following nanosecond laser irradiation of the surface under vacuum and in different environments of nitrogen gas and ambient air. The observed fluorescence bands are tentatively ascribed to impurity and mono (VN), or multiple (m-VN with m = 2 or 3) nitrogen vacancies. A structured fluorescence band between 300 nm and 350 nm is assigned to impurity-band transition and its complex lineshape is attributed to phonon replicas. An additional band at 340 nm, assigned to VN vacancies on surface, is observed under vacuum and quenched by adsorbed molecular oxygen. UV-irradiation of h-BN under vacuum results in a broad asymmetric fluorescence at ~400 nm assigned to m-VN vacancies; further irradiation breaks more B-N bonds enriching the surface with elemental boron. However, no boron deposit appears under irradiation of samples in ambient atmosphere. This effect is explained by oxygen healing of radiation-induced surface defects. Formation of the oxide layer prevents B-N dissociation and preserves the bulk sample stoichiometry.
Published: 2008
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50. Theoretical comparison of 3C-SiC and Si nanowire FETs in ballistic and diffusive regimes

Author: Konstantinos Zekentes, Marc Bescond, Edwige Bano, K. Rogdakis, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)
Subjects: Materials science, Nanowire, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Silicon carbide, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Quantum, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Wide-bandgap semiconductor, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Subthreshold slope, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Optoelectronics, Field-effect transistor, Poisson's equation, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires (NWs) could combine the properties of one-dimensional (1D) structures with those of a wide band gap semiconductor. For this reason, we solved self-consistently the Poisson equation with both the quantum Non-Equilibrium Green Function Formalism (NEGF) and the classical drift–diffusion model in order to model and compare 3C-SiC and Si NW Field Effect Transistors (FETs) operating in ballistic and diffusive regimes. As a general conclusion from our calculations in the ballistic regime, Si and SiC NW FETs have almost the same electrical behavior. They show the same subthreshold slope and have similar on-current (ION/IOFF (SiC) ~81% ION/IOFF (Si) in the case of a 4 nm NW cross-section side). The drift–diffusion model predicts a better performance for SiC NW FETs. More specifically, SiC devices have a lower subthreshold slope (~85% for a Si device with 200 nm channel length) than Si devices as the FET channel length increases (from 200 to 750 nm), and as in case of ballistic regime SiC devices have a slightly smaller on-current.
Published: 2007
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