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Potassium (K) deficiency has consequences not only on cellular ion balance and transmembrane potential but also on metabolism. In fact, several enzymes are K-dependent including enzymes in catabolism, causing an alteration in glycolysis and respiration. In addition, K deficiency is associated with the induction of specific pathways and accumulation of metabolic biomarkers, such as putrescine. However, such drastic changes are usually observed when K deficiency is established. Here, we carried out a kinetic analysis with metabolomics to elucidate early metabolic events when nutrient conditions change from K-sufficiency to K-deficiency in Arabidopsis rosettes from both wild type and mutants affected in both K absorption and low-K signalling (hak5 akt1 cipk23). Our results show that mutants have a metabolomics pattern similar to K-deficient wild-type, showing a constitutive metabolic response to low K. In addition, shifting to low K conditions induces (i) changes in sugar metabolism and (ii) an accumulation of salicylic acid metabolites before the appearance of biomarkers of K deficiency (putrescine and aconitate), and such an accumulation is more pronounced in mutants. Our results suggest that early events in the response to low K conditions involve salicylic acid metabolism., G.T. thank the Région Pays de la Loire and Angers Loire Métropole for its financial support via the grant Connect Talent Isoseed. We thank Sergio García for his skilful assistance. This work was funded by grant number 20806/PI/18 (to FR) from Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia, Spain, grant PID2019-106649RB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain (to FR and MN-C). This work was also supported by the Red de Excelencia BIO2016-81957-REDT from Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. All grants from Spanish ministries were co-financed by the FEDER Fund. MN-C, is recipient of a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RyC-2017-21924) from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain

The increased use of renewable energy in electricity generation has not been sufficient to reduce the associated emissions. Therefore, a better understanding of the evolution of electricity consumption may be advisable to undertake suitable energy policies. This paper contributes to this understanding by analyzing the non-linear income and temperature effects on electricity demand in the residential sector in Andalusia (Spain). To this end, panel data Ordinary Least Squares and quantile regression analysis methods have been performed to provide a complete picture of the relationship between the studied variables. The results show evidence to support an inverted N shaped relationship, with respect to income, without reaching the upper threshold point. The results also show that electricity elasticity, with respect to income, tends to increase with residential electricity consumption. It is also observed that temperature values, increasing above 22ºC and temperatures decreasing below 15ºC, progressively increase residential electricity consumption, the elasticity with respect to temperatures being higher for municipalities with lower residential electricity consumption. Reinforcing energy efficiency measures in the municipalities with the highest electricity consumption is recommended. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía US1260925

Major research efforts are being carried out for the technological advancement to an energetically sustainable society. However, for the full commercial integration of electrochemical energy storage devices, not only materials with higher performance should be designed and manufactured but also more competitive production techniques need to be developed. The laser processing technology is well extended at the industrial sector for the versatile and high throughput modification of a wide range of materials. In this work, a method based on laser processing is presented for the fabrication of hybrid electrodes composed of graphene nanowalls (GNWs) coated with different transition-metal oxide nanostructures for electrochemical capacitor (EC) applications. GNW/stainless steel electrodes grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition were decorated with metal oxide nanostructures by means of their laser surface processing while immersed in aqueous organometallic solutions. The pseudocapacitive nature of the laser-induced crystallized oxide materials prompted an increase of the GNW electrodes’ capacitance by 3 orders of magnitude, up to ca. 28 F/cm3 at 10 mV/s, at both the positive and negative voltages. Finally, asymmetric aqueous and solid-state ECs revealed excellent stability upon tens of thousands of charge–discharge cycles., The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness under the projects ENE2017-89210-C2-1-R and ENE2017-89210-C2-2-R and support from AGAUR of Generalitat de Catalunya through projects 2017 SGR 1086. ICMAB acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the ‘Severo Ochoa’ Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (CEX2019-000917-S). Y.E.B acknowledges the financial support from CONACyT—Mexico through the postdoctoral scholarship granted 740661. P.G.L thanks the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness through the grant BES-2017-081652 for the formation of scientific researchers. The authors acknowledge the support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

Bioorthogonal chemistry comprises chemical reactions that can take place inside complex biological environments, providing outstanding tools for the investigation and elucidation of biological processes. Its use in combination with nanotechnology can lead to further developments in diverse areas of biomedicine, such as molecular bioimaging, targeted delivery, in situ drug activation, study of cell–nanomaterial interactions, biosensing, etc. Here, we summarise the recent efforts to bring together the unique properties of nanoparticles and the remarkable features of bioorthogonal reactions to create a toolbox of new or improved biomedical applications. We show how, by joining forces, bioorthogonal chemistry and nanotechnology can overcome some of the key current limitations in the field of nanomedicine, providing better, faster and more sensitive nanoparticle-based bioimaging and biosensing techniques, as well as therapeutic nanoplatforms with superior efficacy., This work has been supported by the European Commission, MagicCellGene Project (M-ERA.NET COFUND call 2016, funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO, Spain in the framework of the PCIN-2017-060 project), Ministerio de Innovación, Ciencia y Universidades (MCIU, PGC2018-096016-B-I00 to R. M. F.), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (BIO 2017-84246-C2-1R to J. M. F.) and MINECO and FSE/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ramón y Cajal subprogram, grant RYC-2015-17640 to R.M.F.). R. M. F. also acknowledges financial support from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the MarieSkłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 657215. J. I. L. and E. M. A. acknowledge financial support for their predoctoral fellowships from Gobierno de Aragón (DGA 2017-2021 call, co-funded by the Programa Operativo Fondo Social Europeo de Aragón 2014-2020) and Ministerio de Universidades (FPU17/02024), respectively. Authors also acknowledge support from Gobierno de Aragón and Fondos Feder for funding the Bionanosurf (E15_17R) research group. For the table of content figure the authors would like to acknowledge help from Miguel Ruiz and the use of resources from Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com) and Flaticon (https://www.flaticon.com). Part of Figure 14 was created with BioRender.com.

The European physical journal / C Particles and fields C80(6), 497 (2020). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8079-3, The remaining theoretical uncertainties from unknown higher-order corrections in the prediction for the light Higgs-boson mass of the MSSM are estimated. The uncertainties associated with three different approaches that are implemented in the publicly available code FeynHiggs are compared: the fixed-order diagrammatic approach, suitable for low SUSY scales, the effective field theory (EFT) approach, suitable for high SUSY scales, and the hybrid approach which combines the fixed-order and the EFT approaches. It is demonstrated for a simple single-scale scenario that the result based on the hybrid approach yields a precise prediction for low, intermediate and high SUSY scales with a theoretical uncertainty of up to $\sim 1.5\,\, \mathrm {GeV}$ for large stop mixing and $\sim 0.5\,\, \mathrm {GeV}$ for small stop mixing. The uncertainty estimate of the hybrid calculation approaches the uncertainty estimate of the fixed-order result for low SUSY scales and the uncertainty estimate of the EFT approach for high SUSY scales, while for intermediate scales it is reduced compared to both of the individual results. The estimate of the theoretical uncertainty is also investigated in scenarios with more than one mass scale. A significantly enhanced uncertainty is found in scenarios where the gluino is substantially heavier than the scalar top quarks. The uncertainty estimate presented in this paper will be part of the public code FeynHiggs., Published by Springer, Heidelberg

Mesoporous silica features open and accessible pores that can intake substances from the outside. The combination of mesoporous silica with plasmonic nanostructures represents an interesting platform for an optical sensor based on the dependence of plasmonic modes on the refractive index of the medium in which metallic nanoparticles are embedded. However, so far only a limited number of plasmonic nanostructures are combined with mesoporous silica, including random dispersion of metallic nanoparticles and flat metallic thin films. In this study, we make a mesoporous silica layer on an aluminum nanocylinder array. Such plasmonic arrangements support both localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and extended modes which are the result of the hybridization of LSPRs and photonic modes extending into the mesoporous layer. We investigate in situ optical reflectance of this system under controlled pressure of isopropanol vapor. Upon exposure, the capillary condensation in the mesopores results in a gradual spectral shift of the reflectance. Our analysis demonstrates that such shifts depend largely on the nature of the modes; that is, the extended modes show larger shifts compared to localized ones. Our materials represent a useful platform for the field of environmental sensing

We introduce herein the advanced application of low-pressure plasma procedures for the development of piezo and triboelectric mode I hybrid nanogenerators. Thus, plasma assisted deposition and functionalization methods are presented as key enabling technologies for the nanoscale design of ZnO polycrystalline shells, the formation of conducting metallic cores in core@shell nanowires, and for the solventless surface modification of polymeric coatings and matrixes. We show how the perfluorinated chains grafting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) provides a reliable approach to increase the hydrophobicity and surface charges at the same time that keeping the PDMS mechanical properties. In this way, we produce efficient Ag/ZnO convoluted piezoelectric nanogenerators supported on flexible substrates and embedded in PDMS compatible with a contact–separation triboelectric architecture. Factors like crystalline texture, ZnO thickness, nanowires aspect ratio, and surface chemical modification of the PDMS are explored to optimize the power output of the nanogenerators aimed for harvesting from low-frequency vibrations. Just by manual triggering, the hybrid device can charge a capacitor to switch on an array of color LEDs. Outstandingly, this simple three-layer architecture allows for harvesting vibration energy in a wide bandwidth, thus, we show the performance characteristics for frequencies between 1 Hz and 50 Hz and demonstrate the successful activation of the system up to ca. 800 Hz.

Understanding the mechanism of molecular dissociation under applied bias is a fundamental requirement to progress in (electro)-catalysis as well as in (opto)-electronics. The working conditions of a molecular-based device and the stability of chemical bonds can be addressed in metal–organic junctions by injecting electrons in tunneling conditions. Here, we have correlated the energy of de-bromination of an aryl group with its density of states in a self-assembled dimeric structure of 4′-bromo-4-mercaptobiphenyl adsorbed on a Au(111) surface. We have observed that the electron-energy range where the molecule is chemically stable can be extended, shifting the bias threshold for the rupture of the –C–Br bond continuously from about 2.4 to 4.4 V by changing the electron current. Correspondingly, the power needed for the dissociation drops sharply at 3.6 V, identifying different reaction regimes and the contribution of different molecular resonance states., A.B. acknowledges Vicerrectorado de Investigacion of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) for the PhD fellowship (2016). R.R. and N.L. are grateful for the computer resources at Finisterrae II, the technical support provided by CESGA and the EU-FET Open H2020 Mechanics with Molecules project (grant 766864). A.B. and L.V. acknowledge the funding of Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO Grant number MAT2016-78293-C6-5-R); Diputacion Foral de Guipuzcoa (Red/Sarea 2020-CIEN-000009-01), and the Basque Government (Proyectos de Investigación Básica y/o Aplicada grant number PIBA-2021-0026).

Inkjet printing (IJP) is a very appealing cost-effective deposition technique to achieve large-area solution-derived functional films. For many applications, it is very challenging to increase the film thickness in order to achieve competitive performance, for instance, high critical currents in superconducting films. In this paper, the preparation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 thick films (∼1.1 μm) using a single deposition is reported. Specific rules for ink design, deposition protocols, and pyrolysis processes are provided. The most important aspect is to formulate an ink with a solvent having a high boiling point that keeps the whole film wet during deposition to avoid liquid movement due to coffee-ring effects. An additional success has been to modify the ink with a photocurable polyacrylic ester varnish which after polymerization with a UV LED lamp helps keep homogeneous thickness. This varnish also helped avoid the generation of film instabilities (wrinkling or cracking) during pyrolysis. Homogeneous pyrolyzed thick films are transformed into epitaxial thick films with high critical currents. The IJP process is shown to be valid to prepare nanocomposite films using colloidal inks including pre-prepared BaZrO3 nanoparticles. The nanocomposite thick films display enhanced vortex pinning, thus keeping high critical currents under high magnetic fields., The authors acknowledge the EUROTAPES project (EU-FP7 NMP-LA-2012-280432), COACHSUPENERGY (MAT2014- 51778-C2-1-R and MAT2014-51778-C2-2-R), SUMATE (RTI2018-095853-BC21 and RTI2018-095853-B-C22) cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund and SUPERINKS (RTC-2015-3840-S) from MINECO (cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund), 2017-SGR 753 from Generalitat de Catalunya, and COST Action NANOCOHYBRI (CA16218). ICMAB authors acknowledge the Center of Excellence awards Severo Ochoa SEV2015-0496 and CEX2019-000917-S. The authors acknowledge the Scientific Services at ICMAB, ICN2 Electron Microscopy Division, and LMA-INA from Aragon. They also acknowledge KAO Chimigraf for providing varnishes and Bruker HTS for providing metallic substrates.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) plays a key role in controlling the temperature of the Earth. But the increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere brings with it a series of consequences, originating several environmental problems. The use of electrochemical, spectroscopic and molecular dynamics techniques are useful toolkits to valorize carbon dioxide, and to know the reduction mechanism as a function of CO2 concentration, the cathode nature, and the electrolyte. This manuscript will be mainly centered in the use of ionic liquids (IL) for efficient CO2 capture and valorization into different valuable products thanks to the CO2 electrochemical reduction. In this sense, spectroelectrochemistry based on cyclic voltammetry coupled with Polarization Modulation-Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS) appear to be an efficient instrument to follow the CO2 reactivity in imidazolium ionic liquids. Finally, we present molecular dynamics paired with cyclic voltammetry in order to calculate the diffusion coefficient of CO2 and the number of electrons involved in its reduction process, respectively. Therefore, the current research opens the door to the use of theoretical-experimental approaches altogether to determine how is the CO2 reduction mechanism. The CO2 reduction products in function of the solvent and nature of the cathode is suggested, proving that the product obtained from the electrochemical reduction of CO2 depends on the electrode material and the solvent., The authors thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain for financial support though the projects CTQ 2015-65439-R and PID2019-106171RB-I00. SM acknowledges the Autonomous University of Barcelona for her predoctoral PIF grant. SKS thanks the University of Iowa Department of Chemistry for support of this project. The invitation by the E3TECH Spanish Network of Excellence (CTQ2017-90659-REDT (MEIC/AEI)) is also kindly acknowledged. JF acknowledges CESGA supercomputing center for computer time and technical support at the Finisterrae supercomputer and financial support from MINECO Severo Ochoa programme, Grant CEX2019-000917-S. We thank Dr Piotr Kubisiak for sharing his datafiles with us.

Introgression is a poorly understood evolutionary outcome of hybridisation because it may remain largely undetected whenever it involves the transfer of small parts of the genome from one species to another. Aiming to understand the early stages of this process, a putative case from the southernmost border of the Armeria pungens range from its congener A. macrophylla is revisited following the discovery of a subpopulation that does not show phenotypic signs of introgression and resembles typical A. pungens. We analysed morphometrics, nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and plastid DNA (trnL‐trnF) sequences, genome size, 45S and 5S rDNA loci‐FISH data and nrDNA IGS sequences. Within the study site, most individuals match morphologies of either of the two hybridising species, particularly the new subpopulation, with intermediate phenotypes being scarce. This pattern does not fully fit molecular evidence revealing two ITS ribotypes co‐occurring intragenomically in most plants from the study site and one single plastid haplotype. Genome size and structural features of the IGS sequences both indicate that A. pungens from the study site is genetically more similar to its sympatric congener than to the remainder of its conspecifics. Introgression of A. macrophylla into A. pungens and plastid capture explain all the evidence analysed. However, important features to understand the origin and fate of the introgressed population, such as the degree and direction of introgression, which are important for understanding early stages of hybridisation in plants with low reproductive barriers, should be addressed with new data., SG benefited from a Ramón y Cajal contract from the Government of Spain (RYC‐2014‐16608). This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity through: CGL2013‐49097‐C2‐(subprojects 1‐P and 2‐P), CGL2016‐75694‐P and CGL2017‐88500‐P (AEI/FEDER, EU).

This study analyzes the microstructures and deformational characteristics of spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field (NGVF), located on the northern margin of a young extensional basin presently affected by compression. The xenoliths show a wide range of microstructures, bearing the imprints of heterogeneous deformation and variable degrees of subsequent annealing. Olivine crystal preferred orientations (CPOs) have dominantly [010]-fiber and orthorhombic patterns. Orthopyroxene CPOs indicate coeval deformation with olivine. Olivine J indices correlate positively with equilibration temperatures, suggesting that the CPO strength increases with depth. In contrast, the intensity of intragranular deformation in olivine varies as a function of the sampling locality. We interpret the microstructures and CPO patterns as recording deformation by dislocation creep in a transpressional regime, which is consistent with recent tectonic evolution in the Carpathian-Pannonian region due to the convergence between the Adria microplate and the European platform. Postkinematic annealing is probably linked to percolation of metasomatism by mafic melts through the upper mantle of the NGVF prior to the eruption of the host alkali basalt. Elevated equilibration temperatures in xenoliths from the central part of the volcanic field are interpreted to be associated with the last metasomatic event, which only shortly preceded the ascent of the host magma. Despite well-developed olivine CPOs in the xenoliths, which imply a strong seismic anisotropy, the lithospheric mantle alone cannot account for the shear wave splitting delay times measured in the NGVF, indicating that deformation in both the lithosphere and the asthenosphere contributes to the observed shear wave splitting., The authors would like to thank the people who contributed to this work. We owe thanks to Fabrice Barou and David Adams for their help with EBSD-SEM analyses at Geosciences Montpellier and at CCFS Macquarie University, respectively. L?szl? Aradi is acknowledged for his help with field work, petrography and MTEX application. We are grateful for the constructive criticism of Sandra Piazolo and Jacques Pr?cigout and two anonymous reviewers, as well as for the editorial handling of Stephen Parman. Our research received financial support from a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (grant NAMS-230937), a postdoctoral grant (grant PD101683) of the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), and a Bolyai J?nos Postdoctoral Research Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to I. J. K., as well as from the Lend?let Pannon LitH2Oscope Research Group (Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences). N. L. received support from Macquarie University international PhD scholarship and project and travel funding from ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS). K. H. acknowledges funding from Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, Spain) and the State Research Agency (AEI, Spain; grants FPDI-2013-16253 and CGL2016-81085-R). Instruments used at Macquarie University are funded by DEST Systemic Infrastructure Grants, ARC LIEF, NCRIS/AuScope, industry partners, and Macquarie University. The data used in this paper are listed in the references, tables, and supporting information. The raw EBSD data are available from the corresponding author upon request. This is the 92nd publication of the Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab (LRG), contribution 1361 from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (www.ccfs.mq.edu.au) and 1320 from the GEMOC Key Centre (www.gemoc.mq.edu.au).

Peri-urban agriculture provides environmental benefits to the nearby urban areas. However, domestic and industrial infrastructures can be sources of pollution that can affect agricultural production. In this work, the diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique was used to assess the bioavailability of mercury (Hg) in organic-amended agricultural soils, and uptake by lettuce. Two different amendments were studied individually in three different sets using a wood-based biochar at two rates (3% and 6%, w/w), and compost at one rate (30% w/w). The effect of the amendments on Hg bioavailability, mobility and uptake was investigated by means of both DGT analyses and accumulation of Hg by lettuce. DGT manufactured in-house devices with polyacrylamide gel using both open and restricted diffusive layers (ODL and RDL, respectively) were used to determine organic and inorganic Hg labile species in soils, respectively. The Hg concentration in lettuce leaves and roots were analyzed and compared with DGT measurements to predict the uptake of Hg from the different organic-amended soils and the non-amended soils. Results show that the application of biochar reduces the bioavailability of Hg in soil and, in consequence, the Hg uptake by lettuce. Inorganic Hg species were predominant in all the different sets of the experiment (62–97%), although the addition of the different amendments reduced the free ionic species in soil. © 2019, The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (MEIC) through Project AGL2017-89518-R and CTM2016-78798-C2-2-P (AEI/FEDER/UE). The authors would further like to thank the officers and farmers of the Baix Llobregat Agrarian Park for their assistance, as well as Ms. Yolanda Rodríguez and Ms. Rui You for their technical assistance with the sampling and sample preparation.

12 páginas.- 8 figuras.- 52 referencias.- Suplemental data in http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/suppl/2019/05/03/pp.19.00255.DC1, Recent investigations have revealed that, in addition to monolignols, some phenolic compounds derived from the flavonoid and hydroxystilbene biosynthetic pathways can also function as true lignin monomers in some plants. In this study, we found that the hydroxystilbene glucosides isorhapontin (isorhapontigenin-O-glucoside) and, at lower levels, astringin (piceatannol-O-glucoside) and piceid (resveratrol-O-glucoside), are incorporated into the lignin polymer in Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark. The corresponding aglycones isorhapontigenin, piceatannol, and resveratrol, along with glucose, were released by derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC), a chemical degradative method that cleaves β-ether bonds in lignin, indicating that the hydroxystilbene glucosides are (partially) incorporated into the lignin structure through β-ether bonds. 2D-NMR analysis confirmed the occurrence of hydroxystilbene glucosides in this lignin, and provided additional information regarding their modes of incorporation into the polymer. The hydroxystilbene glucosides, particularly isorhapontin and astringin, can therefore be considered genuine lignin monomers that participate in coupling and cross-coupling reactions during lignification in Norway spruce bark., J.C.d.R, J.Re., G.M. and A.G. were funded by the Spanish projects CTQ2014-60764-JIN and AGL2017-83036-R (financed by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER), and the CSIC project 2014-40E-097; J.Ra. and H.K. were funded by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-SC0018409); J.G. and H.P. were funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under UID/AGR/00239/2013; D.N. was funded by FCT through a PhD scholarship (PD/BD/52697/2014) under the SUSFOR doctoral program.

7 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 2 tabla.- 30 referencias, [ES]: Containerized ornamental plant production is facing several environmental challenges. One of them is to replace the widely used, but with questionable sustainability, peat based substrates and another is to avoid water contamination by chemicals leaching from the nursery. Therefore, as have been verified that petunia and pelargonium plants can be produced in peat-based growing media partially replaced by vermicompost (V) and biochar (B) without decreasing commercial quality, this study has focused on analyzing the leachate from a standard peat-based substrate as a control, used for producing these two ornamental species, and those from the same substrate to which different proportions in volume of V (10% and 20%) and B (4% and 12%) have been added. The amount of nitrogen leached from the mixed substrates was reduced compared to the control one in both species (on average 37%). Nitrogen was leached mainly as nitrate-nitrogen (89% in Petunia and 97% in Pelargonium). In Petunia phosphorous leaching was also decreased (30%) for the treatment with 10% V and 4% B, while potassium leaching in substrate containing 20% V and 12% B increased by 100%. Our results show that these two organic materials tested (V and B) can help producers to reduce the use of peat and chemical fertilizers as well as the risk of contamination by chemicals, mainly nitrate., [PO]: A produção de plantas ornamentais em contêineres está enfrentando vários desafios ambientais. Um deles é substituir os substratos amplamente utilizados, mas com sustentabilidade questionável, baseados em turfa, e outro é evitar a contaminação da água por produtos químicos lixiviados do viveiro. Verificou-se que as plantas de petúnia e gerânio podem ser produzidas em meios de crescimento baseados em turfa parcialmente substituídos por vermicomposto (V) e biochar (B) sem diminuir a sua qualidade comercial. Este estudo concentrou-se na análise do lixiviado de uma turfa padrão como controle, utilizado para a produção destas duas espécies ornamentais, e o mesmo substrato ao qual foram adicionados diferentes proporções em volume de V (10% e 20%) e B (4% e 12%). Verificou-se que a quantidade de nitrogenio lixiviado dos substratos misturados foi reduzida em comparação com a testemunha em ambas as espécies (em média 37%). O nitrogênio foi lixiviado principalmente como nitrato-nitrogênio (89% em Petunia e 97% em Pelargonium). Na Petunia a lixiviação de fósforo também foi reduzida (30%) para o tratamento com 10% de V e 4% de B, enquanto a lixiviação de potássio em substrato contendo 20% de V e 12% de B aumentou em 100%. Nossos resultados mostram que esses dois materiais orgânicos testados (V e B) podem ajudar os produtores a reduzir o uso de turfa e fertilizantes químicos, bem como diminuir o risco de contaminação por substâncias químicas, principalmente nitrato., This work was partially supported by the project CTQ 2013-46804-C2-1-R, CTQ 2017-85251-C2-2-R and CGL2016-76498-R of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)

The present paper evaluates the efficiency of sustainable activated carbons obtained from the valorization of lignocellulosic waste in removing siloxanes and volatile organic compounds for the purification of anaerobic digester biogas. Pyrolized and non-pyrolized lignocellulosic residues generated in food and wood industries were used as precursor materials to obtain experimental adsorbents by a chemical activation process using several activating agents. The highest porosity was obtained by non-pyrolized residue activated by K2CO3 at 900 °C. The performance of the experimental materials was compared with that of commercial activated carbons in gas adsorption tests of siloxanes (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and hexamethyldisiloxane) and volatile organic compounds (toluene and limonene). The waste-based activated carbons developed in this work proved to be more efficient for the removal of both siloxanes and VOCs than the commercial samples in most of the conditions tested. Adsorption capacities correlated with porosity, while the more relevant pore size depends on the adsorbate., This work was funded by MINECO – Spain (CTQ2014-53718-R) co-funded by FEDER and University of Girona. Eric Santos-Clotas thanks Universitat de Girona for his predoctoral grant (IFUdG-2015/51). Alba Cabrera-Codony acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 712949 (TECNIOspring PLUS) and from the Agency for Business Competitiveness of the Government of Catalonia (TECSPR16-1-0045). LEQUIA has been recognized as consolidated research group by the Catalan Government (2017-SGR-1552).

In this work, a wet powder spraying method has been investigated as a facile low cost route to deposit electrode layer on SOFC electrolyte support. A particular focus has been examining the interfacial stability of the deposited layers, and determining the influence of the thickness of the different layers, as well as the ball milling regime used to produce the electrode inks. The developed system consist of an yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte support, a La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 (LSF) cathode, a Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) barrier layer between the electrolyte and the cathode, and LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 (LNF) as a contact layer, for a future integration with the SOFC interconnector. The electrolyte supports (300 μm thickness and 9 mm diameter) supports were prepared by uniaxial pressing, while the deposition of thin barrier layers, cathode and contact layer were carried out by manual spray coating., This research has been funded by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad [MAT2016-76739-R and MAT2015-68078-R] [AEI/FEDER, UE] and Dpto. Educación of the Basque Government [IT-630-13]. The authors thanks the support received by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The technical support of SGIker of UPV/EHU is gratefully acknowledged. A. Wain-Martin thanks Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for funding his work [BES-2014-068433].

Plants respond to the loss of vertical growth re-orientating their affected organs. In trees, this phenomenon has received the scientific attention due to its importance for the forestry industry. Nowadays it is accepted that auxin distribution is involved in the modulation of the tilting response, but how this distribution is controlled is not fully clear. Auxin transporters that determine the spatio-temporal auxin distribution in radiate pine seedlings exposed to 45° of tilting were identified. Additionally, based on indications for an intimate plant hormone crosstalk in this process, IAA and JA contents were evaluated. The experiments revealed that expression of the auxin transporters was down-regulated in the upper half of the tilted stem, while being induced in the lower half. Moreover, transporter-coding genes were first induced at the apical zone of the stem. IAA was consistently redistributed toward the lower half, which is in accordance with the expression profile of the auxin transporters. In contrast, JA was mainly accumulated in the upper half of tilted stems. Finally, lignin content and monomeric composition were analyzed in both sides of stem and along the time course of tilting. As expected, lignin accumulation was higher at the lower half of stem at longer times of tilting. However, the most marked difference was the accumulation of the H-lignin monomer in the lower half, while the G-lignin unit was more dominant in the upper half. Here, we provide detailed insight in the distribution of IAA and JA, affecting the lignin composition during the tilting response in Pinus radiata seedlings., FONDECYT #11121170 supported this work. P. Ramos acknowledges ‘Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario’ from Universidad de Talca. S. Pollmann is supported by project BFU2014-55575-R by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO). David Caparrós-Ruiz was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2014-58126-R and SEV-2015-0533 from the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D 2016–2019) and by CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya, and the Suport a Grups de Recerca Programme (SGR2014-1434) from the Autonomous Government of Catalonia.

In this work, we assess the possible reasons for the differences observed in open circuit voltage (VOC) in mixed cation perovskite solar cells when comparing four different hole transport materials (HTMs), namely TAE‐1, TAE‐3, TAE‐4 and spiro‐OMeTAD. All these HTMs present close chemical and physical properties. Additionally to the evaluation of the HTM influence on recombination, we find that, upon deposition of the organic HTM on top of the perovskite, there is an important change in the energy levels position, and the impact on the device VOC is discussed. We consider that this experimental observation could be general for other organic HTMs and would justify the difficulties for finding molecules and materials that could improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells overcoming the solar‐to‐energy conversion efficiency of solar cells made using spiro‐OMeTAD as holes selective contact., EP and AVF thank MINECO (projects CTQ2013-47183 and CTQ2017- 89814-P). NM thanks the European Research Council (ERC-320441- Chirallcarbon), the CAM (Y2018/NMT-4783QUIMTRONIC-CM) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO (projects CTQ2014-52045-R, CTQ2015-71154-P, CTQ2016-80042-R, CTQ2017-83531-R and CTQ2016-81911-REDT). NM also thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Unidad de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0686 is acknowledged. EP and AV are also grateful to ICIQ and ICREA for economical support. EB and CO thank the Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR668 and 2017 SGR669, the MINEICO projects MAT2016-77852-C2-1-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), MAT2015-68994-REDC and the ‘‘Severo Ochoa’’ Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0496). IG thanks Jesús Jiménez López for the fruitful discussions.

[EN] The purpose of this work is to fabricate self-assembled microstructures by the sol–gel method and study the morphological, structural and compositional dependence of 3-Fe2O3 nanoparticles embedded in silica when glycerol (GLY) and cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are added as steric agents simultaneously. The combined action of a polyalcohol and a surfactant significantly modifies the morphology of the sample giving rise to a different microstructure in each of the studied cases (1, 3 and 7 days of magnetic stirring time). This is due to the fact that the addition of these two compounds leads to a considerable increase in gelation time as GLY can interact with the alkoxide group on the surface of the iron oxide precursor micelle and/or be incorporated into the hydrophilic chains of CTAB. This last effect causes the iron oxide precursor micelles to be interconnected forming aggregates whose size and structure depend on the magnetic stirring time of the sol–gel synthetic route. In this paper, crystalline structure, composition, purity and morphology of the sol–gel coatings densified at 960 ºC are examined. Emphasis is placed on the nominal percentage of the different iron oxides found in the samples and on the morphological and structural differences. This work implies the possibility of patterning 3-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in coatings and controlling their purity by an easy one-pot sol–gel method., Spanish Ministry of Industry, Economy and Competitiveness for financing the project MAT2015-65445-C2-1-R, MAT2017-86450-C4-1-R, MAT2015-67557-C2-1-P, by the Comunidad de Madrid S2013/MIT-2850 NANOFRONTMAG and H2020 AMPHIBIAN Project ID: 720853. The authors are also grateful to the BM25-SpLine staff for their valuable technical support beyond their duties and for the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) under Grant No. PIE 2010- 6OE-013, The ESRF – The European Synchrotron, MICIU and CSIC are acknowledged for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities. A. S. acknowledges the Financial support from the Comunidad de Madrid for an “Atracción de Talento Investigador” contract (No. 2017-t2/IND5395).

[Aims]: In this paper, we aim to study the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O II]3727 emitters detected in the OTELO survey in order to characterise the star formation processes in low-mass galaxies at z ∼ 1.43 and to constrain the faint-end of the LF. [Methods]: Here, we describe the selection method and analysis of the emitters obtained from narrow-band scanning techniques. In addition, we present several relevant properties of the emitters and discuss the selection biases and uncertainties in the determination of the LF and the star formation rate density (SFRD). [Results]: We confirmed a total of 60 sources from a preliminary list of 332 candidates as [O II]3727 emitters. Approximately 93% of the emitters have masses in the range of 108, JAdD thanks the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) for its support through the Programa de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the Gobierno de Canarias for the Programa de Talento Tricontinental grant. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2013-46724-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-2-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-3-P, AYA2016-75808-R, AYA2016-75931-C2-1-P, AYA2016-75931-C2-2-P, and MDM-2017-0737 (Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu, CAB). This work was supported by the project Evolution of Galaxies, of reference AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, within the “Programa estatal de fomento de la investigación científica y técnica de excelencia del Plan Estatal de Inves-tigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación (2013–2016)” of the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades”, and co-financed by the FEDER “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional”. This article is based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias on the island of La Palma. This study makes use of data from AEGIS, a multi-wavelength sky survey conducted with the Chandra, GALEX, Hubble, Keck, CFHT, MMT, Subaru, Palomar, Spitzer, VLA, and other telescopes, and is supported in part by the NSF, NASA, and the STFC. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of the CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Sci-entifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based on observations obtained with WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, France, at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX, the WIRDS (WIRcam Deep Survey) consortium, and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre. This research was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-07-BLAN-0228., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (SEV-2017-0709).

Hydrodynamic escape is the most efficient atmospheric mechanism of planetary mass loss and has a large impact on planetary evolution. Three hydrodynamic escape regimes have been identified theoretically: energy-limited, recombination-limited, and photon-limited. However, no evidence of these regimes had been reported until now. Here, we report evidence of these three regimes via an analysis of a helium I triplet at 10 830 Å and Lyα absorption involving a 1D hydrodynamic model that allows us to estimate hydrogen recombination and advection rates. In particular, we show that HD 209458 b is in the energy-limited regime, HD 189733 b is in the recombination-limited regime, and GJ 3470 b is in the photon-limited regime. These exoplanets can be considered as benchmark cases for their respective regimes. © ESO 2021., CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto (Almeria, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de Andalucia and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). CARMENES was funded by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through projects FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, and CAHA16-CE-3978, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the MINECO, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the ERDF through projects ESP2016-76076-R, ESP2017-87143-R, BES-2015-074542, PID2019-110689RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PGC2018-099425-B-I00, PID2019-109522GB-C51/2/3/4, PGC2018-098153-B-C33, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, and the Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" and "Maria de Maeztu" awards to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiologia (MDM-2017-0737), and the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. T.H. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program via the ERC Advanced Grant Origins 832428. A.S.L. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 694513.

[EN] Perovskite systems with structurally different multiferroic end members are being extensively investigated, because large phase-change magnetoelectric responses have been anticipated at the morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs) between polymorphic forms with differentiated ferroic orderings. (1-x) YMnO-x BiFeO is one such system, for which two continuous perovskite solid solutions with rhombohedral R3c and orthorhombic Pnma symmetries are present, and coexist across a wide compositional range. This might be a discontinuous MPB between a non-polar and a polar phase, at which the orthorhombic to rhombohedral transition may be electrically induced with a distinctive magnetic signature. In order to explore this possibility, magnetic properties have been characterized across the whole system, and relationships between perovskite crystal structure and magnetism have been established. Distinctive evolutions within each solid solution are revealed that define a region between x = 0.6 and 0.9, where a non-polar orthorhombic ferromagnetic phase coexists with a polar rhombohedral antiferromagnetic one at room temperature., Research funded by Spanish MICINN through project MAT2017-88788-R. J.A. Quintana-Cilleruelo also recognizes additional funding by Spanish MINECO (grant BES-2015-072595), and training in JANA2006 during a two-month research stay at Ecole Centrale Paris under the supervision of Dr. Brahim Dkhil. Technical support by Ms. I. Martínez at ICMM-CSIC, and magnetic data acquisition by Mr. T. Guizouarn at ISCR are greatly acknowledged.

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) combined with enzymatic methods or gelatin incorporation in the gelation process of protein isolated from Acheta domesticus was investigated. The results indicate that transglutaminase (TGasa) or glucose oxidase (GOx) enzymes can induce reversible aggregation in dispersions of insoluble protein fractions and increase viscosity in dispersions of soluble fractions, but does not induce gel formation even after HHP treatment; in consequence, enzymatic treatment on cricket protein can be used to increase viscosity but not to form gels. It is technically feasible to obtain gels by adding 2% porcine gelatin to dispersions of protein fractions and subjecting them to HHP. The firmness and syneresis variation values of those gels during storage depended on the protein extracted fraction (insoluble or soluble protein) and on the concentration of protein used. The highest hardness and lowest syneresis was found with the gels obtained from the insoluble fraction at 11 and 15% (w/w) protein concentration. Color difference (ΔE* > 3) appreciable to the naked eye was observed along the storage period and no noticeable pH variations were found after 28 days of storage. Results indicate that new raw materials of interest can be developed for the food industry based on cricket protein isolates, to make high-protein foods which could be applied in a wide variety of different food applications including 3D printing or fat substitution., Financial support of the projects AGL2013-48993-C2-2-R and AGL2017-86840-C2-2-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competiveness, FEDER funds.

The increase of concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics in agricultural soils worldwide is of special concern, due to its potential toxic effects on soil bacterial communities. In the present work, the reuse of two waste/by-product materials as soil amendments was tested as a preventive practice for reducing tetracycline antibiotics toxicity in soils. Pine bark (PB), with high percentage of organic carbon, and crushed mussel shell (CMS), a frequent natural liming material, were added to 4 soils in doses 0, 6, 12 and 48 g of by-product per kg−1 of soil (dry weight) of each one (separately). The soils and soil-waste mixtures were then spiked with tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC). After one day of incubation, the bacterial growth was estimated in soils and soil-mixtures using the leucine incorporation technique. The addition of PB to the soils showed two different behaviors, depending on the antibiotics. The toxicity of TC and OTC decreased with the addition of PB (toxicities going from 6 to 25% and from 5 to 36%, respectively). However, CTC toxicity did not change, or even increased in response to the PB amendment. Regarding soil amendment with CMS, it was not effective to prevent the toxicity of any of the three antibiotics studied., This study has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the projects CGL 2015-67333-C2-1-R and -2-R (FEDER Funds), and by Xunta de Galicia CITACA Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/07) and BV1 research group (ED431C 2017/62-GRC). David Fernández Calviño holds a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2016-20411) financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. Vanesa Santás Miguel holds a pre-doctoral fellowship founded by the University of Vigo.

Protein functional interactions could explain the biological response of secoiridoids (SECs), main phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil (VOO). The aim was to assess protein¿protein interactions (PPIs) of the aorta gap junction alpha-1 (GJA1) and the heart peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (FKBP1A), plus the phosphorylated heart proteome, to describe new molecular pathways in the cardiovascular system in rats using nanoliquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. PPIs modified by SECs and associated with GJA1 in aorta rat tissue were calpain, TUBA1A, and HSPB1. Those associated with FKBP1A in rat heart tissue included SUCLG1, HSPE1, and TNNI3. In the heart, SECs modulated the phosphoproteome through the main canonical pathways PI3K/mTOR signaling (AKT1S1 and GAB2) and gap junction signaling (GAB2 and GJA1). PPIs associated with GJA1 and with FKBP1A, the phosphorylation of GAB2, and the dephosphorylation of GJA1 and AKT1S1 in rat tissues are promising protein targets promoting cardiovascular protection to explain the health benefits of VOO., The work summarized in this paper was supported in part by grants (grant nos. MEFOPC Project, AGL2012-40144-C03-02 and AGL2012-40144-C03-03, and AppleCOR Project, AGL2016-76943-C2-2-R) from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). L.R. is supported by a Sara Borrell postdoctoral grant (CD14/00275; Spain), A.P. is supported by a postdoctoral grant (PTQ-15-08068; Spain), and Ú.C. is supported by a Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut (PERIS) postdoctoral grant (SLT002/16/00239; Catalunya, Spain).

The observation of electronic phase separation textures in vanadium dioxide, a prototypical electron‐correlated oxide, has recently added new perspectives on the long standing debate about its metal–insulator transition and its applications. Yet, the lack of atomically resolved information on phases accompanying such complex patterns still hinders a comprehensive understanding of the transition and its implementation in practical devices. In this work, atomic resolution imaging and spectroscopy unveils the existence of ferroelastic tweed structures on ≈5 nm length scales, well below the resolution limit of currently used spectroscopic imaging techniques. Moreover, density functional theory calculations show that this pretransitional fine‐scale tweed, which on average looks and behaves like the standard metallic rutile phase, is in fact weaved by semi‐dimerized chains of vanadium in a new monoclinic phase that represents a structural bridge to the monoclinic insulating ground state. These observations provide a multiscale perspective for the interpretation of existing data, whereby phase coexistence and structural intermixing can occur all the way down to the atomic scale., The authors thank Prof. Enric Canadell for enlightening discussions. The authors also thank Prof. Etienne Snoeck and Dr. Christophe Gatel for obtaining HRTEM images of the 80 nm‐thick film at CEMES (Toulouse), and Dr. Belén Ballesteros for assistance during preliminary TEM observations. F.S. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) for financial support through the “Severo Ochoa” programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV‐2015‐0496) and Project No. RTI2018‐098537‐B‐C21. G.C., J.S., and L.R. acknowledge financial support from MINECO (Grant No. MAT2016‐77100‐C2‐1‐P) and the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya, Grant No. 2017 SGR 579). M.P. acknowledges financial support from Spanish MICIU, AEI and EU FEDER (Grant No. PGC2018‐096955‐B‐C43) and Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant No. 2017SGR1506). Research at ICN2 was also supported by the CERCA programme (Generalitat de Catalunya) and by the “Severo Ochoa” programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D of MINECO (Grant No. SEV‐2017‐0706). C.M. acknowledges funding from MINECO under Project No. MAT2017‐82970‐C2‐R and from the European's Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant No. 823717‐ESTEEM3.

[Context]: The morphology of galaxies provide us with a unique tool for relating and understanding other physical properties and their changes over the course of cosmic time. It is only recently that we have been afforded access to a wealth of data for an unprecedented number galaxies thanks to large and deep surveys. [Aims]: We present the morphological catalogue of the OTELO survey galaxies detected with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-ACS F814W images. We explore various methods applied in previous works to separate early-type (ET) and late-type (LT) galaxies classified via spectral energy distribution (SED) fittings using galaxy templates. Together with this article, we are releasing a catalogue containing the main morphological parameters in the F606W and F814W bands derived for more than 8000 sources. [Methods]: The morphological analysis is based on the single-Sérsic profile fit. We used the GALAPAGOS2 software to provide multi-wavelength morphological parameters fitted simultaneously in two HST-ACS bands. The GALAPAGOS2 software detects, prepares guess values for GALFIT-M, and provides the best-fitting single-Sérsic model in both bands for each source. Stellar masses were estimated using synthetic rest-frame magnitudes recovered from SED fittings of galaxy templates. The morphological catalogue is complemented with concentration indexes from a separate SExtractor dual, high dynamical range mode. [Results]: A total of 8812 sources were successfully fitted with single-Sérsic profiles. The analysis of a carefully selected sample of ∼3000 sources up to zphot = 2 is presented in this work, of which 873 sources were not detected in previous studies. We found no statistical evidence for the evolution of the low-mass end of mass-size relation for ET and LT since z = 2. Furthermore, we found a good agreement for the median size evolution for ET and LT galaxies, for a given stellar mass, with the data from the literature. Compared to previous works on faint field galaxies, we found similarities regarding their rest-frame colours as well as the Sérsic and concentration indices. ©, This work was supported by the project Evolution of Galaxies, of reference AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P and AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, within the "Programa estatal de fomento de la investigacion cientifica y tecnica de excelencia del Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion (2013-2016)" of the "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades", and co-financed by the FEDER "Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional". APG, RPM and MSP was supported by AYA2017-88007-C3-2-P. APG and MC are also supported by the Spanish State Research Agency grant MDM-2017-0737 (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu CAB). JAD is grateful for the support from the UNAM-DGAPA-PASPA 2019 program, and the kind hospitality of the IAC. Based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, on the island of La Palma. This paper made use of the IAC Supercomputing facility HTCondor (http://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/). This paper made use of the Wright (2006) cosmological calculator. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. M.A.L.L. is a DARK-Carlsberg Foundation Fellow (Semper Ardens project CF15-0384). MP acknowledges financial financial support from the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI) under the Ethiopian Ministry of Innovation and Technology (MInT), and of the Spanish MEC undergrant AYA2016-76682-C3-1-P and PID2019-106027GB-C41 and financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andaluca (SEV-2017-0709).

Novel composite materials are being investigated for improving the energy storage performance of electrochemical capacitors. For this goal, synergistic effects via the combination of diverse types of materials are crucial. In this work, electrodes composed of reduced graphene oxide, multiwall carbon nanotubes, as well as cerium and manganese oxides were fabricated through reactive inverse matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIMAPLE). UV-pulsed laser irradiation of frozen aqueous dispersions containing graphene oxide sheets, carbon nanotubes, and ceria nanoentities, besides manganese acetate precursor, led to the simultaneous chemical transformation and co-deposition of hybrid electrodes onto flexible metallic substrates via photothermal and photochemical processes. Thorough morphological and compositional studies of the electrodes demonstrated the laser-induced reduction of graphene oxide, besides the crystallization of a mixture of cerium and manganese oxide nanostructures decorating the carbon nanoentities during the deposition process. Electrochemical analyses revealed a remarkable improvement of performance with the combination of electrochemical double layer in the porous nanocarbon framework with pseudocapacitance from the oxide nanostructures, obtaining excellent volumetric capacitances of up to 140 F cm−3 at 10 mV s−1 with the combination of all four materials. The attained results are the best ones yet published regarding RIMAPLE of hybrid nanocarbon-based electrodes with micrometric thickness. Finally, symmetric electrochemical capacitors were fabricated using aqueous electrolyte, revealing excellent stability upon tens of thousands of charge–discharge cycles., The authors thank the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under the project ENE2017-89210-C2-1-R and support from AGAUR of Generalitat de Catalunya through projects 2017 SGR 1086 and 2017 SGR 1771. PGL thanks the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness through the grant BES-2017-081652 for the formation of scientific researchers. ICMAB acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through Severo Ochoa FUNFUTURE (CEX2019-000917-S). The FTIRM experiments were performed at MIRAS beamline at ALBA Synchrotron with the collaboration of ALBA staff. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

7 figures.-- Supplementary material available on line (6 figures).-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder., Carbon nanomaterials offer excellent prospects as therapeutic agents, and among them, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gained considerable interest thanks to their aqueous solubility and intrinsic fluorescence, which enable their possible use in theranostic approaches, if their biocompatibility and favorable pharmacokinetic are confirmed. We prepared ultra-small GQDs using an alternative, reproducible, top-down synthesis starting from graphene oxide with a nearly 100% conversion. The materials were tested to assess their safety, demonstrating good biocompatibility and ability in passing the ultrafiltration barrier using an in vitro model. This leads to renal excretion without affecting the kidneys. Moreover, we studied the GQDs in vivo biodistribution confirming their efficient renal clearance, and we demonstrated that the internalization mechanism into podocytes is caveolae-mediated. Therefore, considering the reported characteristics, it appears possible to vehiculate compounds to kidneys by means of GQDs, overcoming problems related to lysosomal degradation., J. M. G.-D. acknowledges Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for his Juan de la Cierva Incorporación research contract (No. IJCI-2016-27789). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 734834 (INFUSION) and No. 734381 (CARBO-IMmap), and from MIUR. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (No. SEV-2017-0706)., Funding note : Open Access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Trieste within the CRUICARE Agreement.

Glutathione (GSH) is a useful biomarker in the development, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, most of the reported GSH biosensors are expensive, time-consuming and often require complex sample treatment, which limit its biological applications. Herein, a nanobiosensor for the detection of GSH using folic acid-functionalized reduced graphene oxide-modified BSA gold nanoclusters (FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs) based on the fluorescence quenching interactions is presented. Firstly, a facile and optimized protocol for the fabrication of BSA/AuNCs is developed. Functionalization of rGO with folic acid is performed using EDC/NHS cross-linking reagents, and their interaction after loading with BSA/AuNCs is demonstrated. The formation of FA-rGO, BSA/AuNCs and FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs are confirmed by the state-of-art characterization techniques. Finally, a fluorescence turn-off sensing strategy is developed using the as-synthesized FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs for the detection of GSH. The nanobiosensor revealed an excellent sensing performance for the detection of GSH with high sensitivity and desirable selectivity over other potential interfering species. The fluorescence quenching is linearly proportional to the concentration of GSH between 0 and 1.75 µM, with a limit of detection of 0.1 µM under the physiological pH conditions (pH 7.4). Such a sensitive nanobiosensor paves the way to fabricate a “turn-on” or “turn-off” fluorescent sensor for important biomarkers in cancer cells, presenting potential nanotheranostic applications in biological detection and clinical diagnosis., This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia [FRGS/1/2016/STG07/UNIM/02/1] and by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence programme, funded by the Spanish Research Agency (AEI, Grant no. SEV-2017-0706). We acknowledge support from Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) for funding the project MAT2017-87202-P. Authors acknowledge the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 881603 (Graphene Flagship Core 3).

Nowadays there is not an effective drug for the treatment of infections caused by human adenovirus (HAdV) which supposes a clinical challenge, especially for paediatric and immunosuppressed patients. Here, we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation as anti-adenovirus agents of a new library (57 compounds) of diester, monoester and triazole derivatives based on 3-amino-1,2-propanediol skeleton. Seven compounds (17, 20, 26, 34, 44, 60 and 66) were selected based on their high anti-HAdV activity at low micromolar concentration (IC50 from 2.47 to 5.75 µM) and low cytotoxicity (CC50 from 28.70 to >200 µM). In addition, our mechanistic assays revealed that compounds 20 and 44 might be targeting specifically the HAdV DNA replication process, and compound 66 would be targeting HAdV E1A mRNA transcription. For compounds 17, 20, 34 and 60, the mechanism of action seems to be associated with later steps after HAdV DNA replication., This work has been supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Plan Estatal 2017-2020 Retos - Proyectos I + D + i (PID2019-104767RB-I00); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Plan Nacional I + D + i 2013-2016, Retos-Proyectos (CTQ2016-78580-C2-2-R); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0009), cofinanced by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Proyectos de Investigación en Salud (PI17/01055; PI18/01191) and Proyectos de Desarrollo Tecnológico en Salud (DTS17/00130), the Spanish Adenovirus Network (AdenoNet, BIO2015/68990-REDT), and the program “Nicolás Monardes” (C-0059-2018), Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía.

A laboratory experiment was performed to examine the medium-term influence of three tetracycline antibiotics (chlortetracycline, CTC; tetracycline, TC and oxytetracycline, OTC) at different concentrations in four agricultural soils with similar pH and different soil organic content. After a 42-days incubation period, three different soil enzymes ( -glucosidase, urease, and phosphomonoesterase) were estimated, as well as the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). A residual effect was observed on all microbial parameters measured in the four soils affecting to the soil enzymes activity and soil microbial communities structure (PLFA pattern). A different microbial sensitivity to antibiotics was detected depending on both, soil type and the microbial property considered. Specifically, in general, no antibiotic effect or even a slight positive effect was observed for phosphomonoesterase and -glucosidase enzyme activities, respectively, while a negative effect was detected for urease activity values, particularly at higher doses of the antibiotics in a soil with a low organic matter content. The principal component analysis performed with the PLFAs data obtained for all soil samples showed different microbial communities depending mainly on soil type, followed by the antibiotic added to the soil (CTC, TC or OTC) and, in a lesser extent, by its concentration. In general, the PLFA patterns showed similar microbial communities structure due to OTC and TC addition in comparison to the microbial communities structure of soil treated with CTC. These results could be environmentally relevant, especially as regards potential effects of antibiotics on the soil microbiome and hence on health risk assessment of these antibiotics in soils., This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the projects CGL2015-67333-C2-1-R and -2-R (FEDER Funds). The research group was also funded by Xunta de Galicia via the BV1 research group (ED431C 2017/62-GRC). David Fernández Calviño holds a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2016-20411), financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness. Vanesa Santás Miguel holds a predoctoral fellowship (ED481A-2020/089) financed by the Ministry of Education, University, and Professional Training of Xunta de Galicia.

15 pags., 12 figs., 6 tabs., We present a joint experimental and theoretical study of line broadening and mixing in the Q branch of the Raman spectrum of CO perturbed by N at 77, 195 and 298 K. Advanced methods and facilities have been used for both aspects of the study: the experiments were conducted using a high-resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy setup, while the calculations were performed using a quantum dynamical formalism and one of the most recent potential energy surfaces available. Line broadening coefficients were determined experimentally for rovibrational lines up to j=11 at 77 K, j=15 at 195 K and j=19 at 298 K, and calculated for lines up to j=6 at the three temperatures. Line mixing was also observed and coefficients measured for lines up to j=8 at 77 K and j=5 at 195 K, and again calculated up to j=6 at the three temperatures. A comparison shows an overall very good agreement between experiments and calculations for both sets of coefficients. Additional calculated data for the pure rotational R and S lines are also provided., D. Paredes-Roibás and R. Z. Martínez acknowledge the fund- ing received from Project FIS2017-84391-C2-1-P of Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. H. Józwiak’s contribution is supporte by the National Science Centre in Poland through Project No. 2018/31/B/ST2/00720.

In the Near East, nomadic hunter-gatherer societies became sedentary farmers for the first time during the transition into the Neolithic. Sedentary life presented a risk of isolation for Neolithic groups. As fluid intergroup interactions are crucial for the sharing of information, resources and genes, Neolithic villages developed a network of contacts. In this paper we study obsidian exchange between Neolithic villages in order to characterize this network of interaction. Using agent-based modelling and elements taken from complex network theory, we model obsidian exchange and compare results with archaeological data. We demonstrate that complex networks of interaction were established at the outset of the Neolithic and hypothesize that the existence of these complex networks was a necessary condition for the success and spread of a new way of living., This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy (grants SimulPast-CSD-2010-00034, HAR2013-47480-P and FIS2012-32334)., We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

This study presents a new self‐powered electronic transistor concept “the solar transistor.” The transistor effect is enabled by the functional integration of a ferroelectric‐oxide thin film and an organic bulk heterojunction. The organic heterojunction efficiently harvests photon energy and splits photogenerated excitons into free electron and holes, and the ferroelectric film acts as a switchable electron transport layer with tuneable conduction band offsets that depend on its polarization state. This results in the device photoconductivity modulation. All this (i.e., carrier extraction and poling) is achieved with only two sandwiched electrodes and therefore, with the role of the gating electrode being taken by light. The two‐terminal solar‐powered phototransistor (or solaristor) thus has the added advantages of a compact photodiode architecture in addition to the nonvolatile functionality of a ferroelectric memory that is written by voltage and nondestructively read by light., A.P.T. acknowledges Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional under contract ENE2015‐74275‐JIN. All authors acknowledge Prof. Martijn Kemerink (Linköping University) for their valuable comments, Dr. G. Sauthier for the XPS/UPS measurements, S. Amores for the lamella fabrication, and Dr. B. Ballesteros for the TEM inspection. The ICN2 is funded by the CERCA programme / Generalitat de Catalunya and by the Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant no. SEV‐2013‐0295), for the grant ENE2016‐79282‐C5‐2‐R and the OrgEnergy Excelence NetworkCTQ2016‐81911‐REDT. To the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca for the support to consolidated Catalonia research groups 2014SGR 1212 and 1216‐F. To the COST Action StableNextSol project MP1307 and to the European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant, project No. 308023.

Local development strategies, policies and initiatives that contribute to sustainable development are gaining increasing prominence. Cooperative societies&mdash, the most relevant organisations within the social economy&mdash, are widely present in Andalusia and play a key role in boosting sustainable development through their principles and values. On this basis, the article aims to determine whether certain areas in Andalusia are more predisposed to the presence of these enterprises and are more sustainable as a result. The methods used include an adapted shift-share analysis and application of local Moran&rsquo, s I to obtain spatial clusters allowing the areas most favourable to the presence of this type of organisation to be identified. Therefore, one of the main contributions of the study is that it provides a tool for the application of local development policies, strategies and initiatives involving cooperatives in pursuit of a more sustainable society.

22 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables.-- Dataset https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13748, Increases of water turbidity and suspended sediment transport in submarine canyons have been associated with high-energy events such as storms, river floods and dense shelf water cascading (DSWC), and occasionally with bottom trawling along canyon flanks and rims. To assess the variations on the water column turbidity and sediment transport in the Palamós Canyon linked to both natural and trawling-induced processes, an autonomous hydrographic profiler, as well as a near-bottom current meter and a turbidimeter were deployed in the canyon axis (929 m depth) from February to June 2017, covering a trawling closure (February) and trawling activities (March-June). Periods of enhanced water turbidity during the trawling closure were mostly associated with storms and DSWC events, transporting turbid dense waters into the canyon. In absence of such events, the water column displayed low suspended sediment concentrations (~ 0.3 mg L− 1) until the trawling season began, when particulate matter detachments, ranging between > 1 mg L− 1 and 3.8 mg L− 1, were observed at the water depths where the trawling grounds are found. During the trawling closure, high near-bottom suspended sediment fluxes (35–44 g m− 2 s− 1) were sporadically registered at ~ 920 m depth associated with a major storm and DSWC event. Smaller but more frequent increases of near-bottom suspended sediment fluxes (0.1–1.4 g m− 2 s− 1) were recorded during trawling activities. Despite these smaller trawling-induced suspended sediment fluxes, 30 days of continuous bottom trawling activity transported a total amount of 40 kg m− 2, of similar magnitude to that generated by a major DSWC event (50 kg m− 2). Since bottom trawling in Palamós Canyon is practiced on a daily basis throughout the year, a much larger contribution of anthropogenically derived water turbidity and suspended sediment transport can be expected, This work has been supported by the ABIDES (CTM2015-65142) Spanish Project and by the autonomous government of Catalonia grants 2017 SGR 863 and 2017 SGR 1241, as well as by the TrawledSeas Project receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under a MSCA grant agreement (No. 867471). M. Arjona-Camas is supported by a predoctoral FPI grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo OchoaCentre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

Full list of authors: Baqui, P. O.; Marra, V.; Casarini, L.; Angulo, R.; Díaz-García, L. A.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Lopes, P. A. A.; López-Sanjuan, C.; Muniesa, D.; Placco, V. M.; Quartin, M.; Queiroz, C.; Sobral, D.; Solano, E.; Tempel, E.; Varela, J.; Vílchez, J. M.; Abramo, R.; Alcaniz, J.; Benitez, N. Bonoli, S.; Carneiro, S.; Cenarro, A. J.; Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.; de Amorim, A. L.; de Oliveira, C. M.; Dupke, R.; Ederoclite, A.; González Delgado, R. M.; Marín-Franch, A.; Moles, M.; Vázquez Ramió, H.; Sodré, L.; Taylor, K., Context. Future astrophysical surveys such as J-PAS will produce very large datasets, the so-called "big data", which will require the deployment of accurate and efficient machine-learning (ML) methods. In this work, we analyze the miniJPAS survey, which observed about similar to 1 deg(2) of the AEGIS field with 56 narrow-band filters and 4 ugri broad-band filters. The miniJPAS primary catalog contains approximately 64 000 objects in the r detection band (mag(AB)less than or similar to 24), with forced-photometry in all other filters.Aims. We discuss the classification of miniJPAS sources into extended (galaxies) and point-like (e.g., stars) objects, which is a step required for the subsequent scientific analyses. We aim at developing an ML classifier that is complementary to traditional tools that are based on explicit modeling. In particular, our goal is to release a value-added catalog with our best classification.Methods. In order to train and test our classifiers, we cross-matched the miniJPAS dataset with SDSS and HSC-SSP data, whose classification is trustworthy within the intervals 15, POB thanks, for financial support, the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. VM thanks CNPq (Brazil) and FAPES (Brazil) for partial financial support. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 888258. LADG is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant MOST 106-2628-M-001-003-MY3), and by the Academia Sinica (grant AS-IA-107-M01). ES has been partly supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Projects AYA2017-84089 and MDM-2017-0737 at Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu. MQ is supported by the Brazilian research agencies CNPq and FAPERJ. RGD acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709) and through the projects AyA2016-77846-P and PID2019-109067GB-100. LS acknowledges support from Brazilian agencies CNPq (grant 304819/2017-4) and FAPESP (grant 2012/00800-4). This work made use of the Virgo Cluster at Cosmo-ufes/UFES, which is funded by FAPES and administrated by Renan Alves de Oliveira. Based on observations made with the JST/T250 telescope and PathFinder camera for the miniJPAS project at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre (OAJ), in Teruel, owned, managed, and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon (CEFCA). We acknowledge the OAJ Data Processing and Archiving Unit (UPAD) for reducing and calibrating the OAJ data used in this work. Funding for OAJ, UPAD, and CEFCA has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragon through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Aragon Government through the Research Groups E96, E103, and E16_17R; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grant PGC2018-097585-B-C21; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO/FEDER, UE) under AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, and ICTS-2009-14; and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E2685). Based on data from ALHAMBRA Data Access Service the at CAB (CSIC-INTA). Funding for the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey has been provided by NSF grants AST-95-09298, AST-0071048, AST-0507428, and AST0507483 as well as NASA LTSA grant NNG04GC89G. The Hyper SuprimeCam (HSC) collaboration includes the astronomical communities of Japan and Taiwan, and Princeton University. The HSC instrumentation and software were developed by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), the University of Tokyo, the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), the Academia Sinica Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Taiwan (ASIAA), and Princeton University. Funding was contributed by the FIRST program from the Japanese Cabinet O ffice, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), the Toray Science Foundation, NAOJ, Kavli IPMU, KEK, ASIAA, and Princeton University. This paper makes use of software developed for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. We thank the LSST Project for making their code available as free software at dm.lsst.org. This paper is based [in part] on data collected at the Subaru Telescope and retrieved from the HSC data archive system, which is operated by Subaru Telescope and Astronomy Data Center (ADC) at National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Dpart carried out with the cooperation of Center for Computational Astrophysics (CfCA), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III website is sdss3.org. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University.

Shoshonitic volcanic centres are scarce within the back-arc mafic volcanism of the Puna Plateau in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. San Jerónimo and Negro de Chorrillos volcanoes are two well preserved shoshonitic monogenetic edifices that developed mainly Strombolian activity and lava flows, which extended more than 9 and 4 km from the vent, producing a volume DRE (Dense Rock Equivalent) of 0.091 and 0.020 km3, respectively. The new unspiked K–Ar (groundmass) ages of San Jerónimo (144 ± 3 ka) and Negro de Chorrillos (51 ± 2 ka) eruptions presented in this work are both younger than those previously published. Petrographic and compositional features allow distinguishing between potassic and ultrapotassic suites in volcanic products of both eruptions. Phlogopite occurrence and low glass content characterize the ultrapotassic suite. Based on the crustal thickness of this part of the Puna and the experimental constraint, these magmas last equilibrated at Moho depths at around 50 km (the highest depth of spinel lherzolite stability field) for temperatures of 1100–1200 °C. Once in the crust, the K-rich magma underwent a minor interaction with a trachytic-trachydacitic melt, which is evidenced petrographically and geochemically, e.g., mismatch of mineral assemblages (co-occurrence of olivine and quartz), disequilibrium crystal textures (dusty zones in plagioclase, embayments in sanidine), and a wide range of compositional variation in the glasses. Ultrapotassic (i.e., phlogopite-bearing) and potassic lavas in the same eruption are interpreted as pulses of the same magma but with a longer mixing time with the trachytic-trachydacitic melt for the resulting ultrapotassic rocks within an eruptive time frame of hours or days. The singular shoshonitic character of these magmas could be related to their origin along an old terrane boundary. Afterwards, as occurs for other mafic magmas of the Puna, major NW-SE fault systems would favour their ascent to the surface., Financial support was provided by Project QUECA (MINECO, ref. CGL 2011-23307). This study was carried out in the Research Consolidated Groups GEOVOL (Canary Islands Government, ULPGC) and GEOPAM (Generalitat de Catalunya, 2017 SGR 1494). We acknowledge the assistance in the analytical work of labGEOTOP Geochemistry Laboratory (infrastructure co-funded by ERDF–EU Ref. CSIC08–4E–001) of GEO3BCN, CSIC, and EPMA Laboratories of CCiTUB (X. Llovet), and D. Fernández, her support on reference management.

We use a generalized version of the equation of motion for a thin film of liquid on a solid, horizontal substrate as a model system to study the formation of singularities in space dimensions greater than one. Varying both the exponent controlling long-ranged forces, as well as the exponent of the nonlinear mobility, we predict the structure of the singularity as the film thickness goes to zero. The spatial structure of rupture may be either `pointlike¿ (approaching axisymmetry) or `quasi-one-dimensional¿, in which case a one-dimensional singularity is unfolded into two or higher space dimensions. The scaling of the profile with time may be either strictly self-similar (the `regular¿ case) or discretely self-similar and perhaps chaotic (the `irregular¿ case). We calculate the phase boundaries between these regimes, and confirm our results by detailed comparisons with time-dependent simulations of the nonlinear thin film equation in two space dimensions., M.A.H. and J.M.L.-H. acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the Junta de Andalucia of the Kingdom of Spain under grants PID2019-108278-RB-C31 and P18-FR-3623, respectively.

Lithium ion capacitor (LIC) is a promising energy storage system that can simultaneously provide high energy with high rate (high power). Generally, LIC is fabricated using capacitive cathode (activated carbon, AC) and insertion‐type anode (graphite) with Li‐ion based organic electrolyte. However, the limited specific capacities of both anode and cathode materials limit the performance of LIC, in particular energy density. In this context, we have developed “two in one” synthetic approach to engineer both cathode and anode from single precursor for high performance LIC. Firstly, we have engineered a low cost 1D polypyrrole nanopipes (PPy‐NPipes), which was utilized as cathode material and delivered a maximum specific capacity of 126 mAh/g, far higher than that of conventional AC cathodes (35 mAh/g). Later, N doped carbon nanopipes (N‐CNPipes) was derived from direct carbonization of PPy‐NPipes and successfully applied as anode material in LIC. Thus, a full LIC was fabricated using both pseudo‐capacitive cathode (PPy‐NPipes) and anode (N‐CNPipes) materials, respectively. The cell delivered a remarkable specific energy of 107 Wh/kg with maximum specific power of 10 kW/kg and good capacity retention of 93 % over 2000 cycles. Thus, this work provide a new approach of utilization of nanostructured conducting polymers as a promising pseudocapacitive cathode for high performance energy storage systems., DPD acknowledges support of University of Adelaide, Australia by University Research Fellowship (Research for Impact Fellow). The ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant no. SEV‐2013‐0295) and funded by the CERCA program/Generalitat de Catalunya.

The GALANTE optical photometric survey is observing the northern Galactic plane and some adjacent regions using seven narrow- and intermediate-filters, covering a total of 1618 deg2. The survey has been designed with multiple exposure times and at least two different air masses per field to maximize its photometric dynamic range, comparable to that of Gaia, and ensure the accuracy of its photometric calibration. The goal is to reach at least 1 per cent accuracy and precision in the seven bands for all stars brighter than AB magnitude 17 while detecting fainter stars with lower values of the signal-to-noise ratio. The main purposes of GALANTE are the identification and study of extinguished O+B+WR stars, the derivation of their extinction characteristics, and the cataloguing of F and G stars in the solar neighbourhood. Its data will be also used for a variety of other stellar studies and to generate a high-resolution continuum-free map of the Hα emission in the Galactic plane. We describe the techniques and the pipeline that are being used to process the data, including the basis of an innovative calibration system based on Gaia DR2 and 2MASS photometry. © 2021 The Author(s)., JMA, GH, and HGE acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through grant PGC2018-095 049-B-C22. EJA and AL-G acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through grant PGC2018-095 049-B-C21 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). The GALANTE team at the Centro de Astrobiología acknowledges financial support from the Science and Operations Department of the European Space Agency – Contract Number 4 000 126 507. RHB acknowledges support from the ESAC Faculty Visitor Program. Funding for OAJ, UPAD, and CEFCA has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragón through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Aragonese Government through the Research Groups E96, E103, and E16_17R; the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grantPGC2018-097 585-B-C21; the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE) with grants AYA2015-66 211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66 211-C2-2, AYA2012-30 789, and ICTS-2009-14; and the European FEDER funding with grants FCDD10-4E-867 and FCDD13-4E-2685. PRTC acknowledges financial support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) process number 2018/05 392-8 and CNPq process number 310 041/2018-0. The main source of data for this paper is the JAST80 telescope at the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre, Teruel, Spain (owned, managed, and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón). As detailed in this paper, the initial part of the reduction and astrometric calibration was done by the OAJ Data Processing and Archiving Unit (UPAD) and the main part of the reduction and calibration was done at the Centro de Astrobiología. In addition to the JAST80 data, two other types of data products have been used as sources for the catalogue generation and calibration: [1] from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. [2] From the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation, where the word ‘National’ refers to the United States of America. No optically reflecting surface with a size larger than the height of the tallest of the authors was required to write this paper.

Transposable elements (TEs) are a rich source of genetic variability. Among TEs, miniature inverted-repeat TEs (MITEs) are of particular interest as they are present in high copy numbers in plant genomes and are closely associated with genes. MITEs are deletion derivatives of class II transposons, and can be mobilized by the transposases encoded by the latter through a typical cut-and-paste mechanism. However, MITEs are typically present at much higher copy numbers than class II transposons. We present here an analysis of 103 109 transposon insertion polymorphisms (TIPs) in 738 Oryza sativa genomes representing the main rice population groups. We show that an important fraction of MITE insertions has been fixed in rice concomitantly with its domestication. However, another fraction of MITE insertions is present at low frequencies. We performed MITE TIP-genome-wide association studies (TIP-GWAS) to study the impact of these elements on agronomically important traits and found that these elements uncover more trait associations than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on important phenotypes such as grain width. Finally, using SNP-GWAS and TIP-GWAS we provide evidence of the replicative amplification of MITEs., RC is recipient of a Juan de la Cierva-formación contract from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovación. This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (AGL2016-78992-R/FEDER) and Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovación (PID2019-106374RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) to JMC. Computing resources have been provided by the Red Española de Supercomputación at the Pirineus machine (RES activity BCV-2019-2-0006).

Chemical routes for the synthesis of nanostructures are fundamental in nanoscience. Among the different strategies for the production of nanostructures, this article reviews the fundamentals of the bottom-up approaches, focusing on wet chemistry synthesis. It offers a general view on the synthesis of different inorganic and hybrid organic–inorganic nanostructures such as ceramics, metal, and semiconductor nanoparticles, mesoporous structures, and metal–organic frameworks. This review article is especially written for a wide audience demanding a text focused on the basic concepts and ideas of the synthesis of inorganic and hybrid nanostructures. It is styled for both early researchers who are starting to work on this topic and also non-specialist readers with a basic background on chemistry. Updated references and texts that provide a deeper discussion and describing the different synthesis strategies in detail are given, as well as a section on the current perspectives and possible future evolution

The controlled 3D nanostructuration of molecular layers of the semiconducting molecules C22H14 (pentacene) and N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C8) is addressed. A tip-assisted method using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is developed for removing part of the organic material and relocating it in up to six layer thick nanostructures. Moreover, unconventional molecular scale imaging combining diverse friction force microscopy modes reveals the stacking sequence of the piled layers. In particular, we unambiguously achieve epitaxial growth, an issue of fundamental importance in thin film strategies for the nanostructuration of more efficient organic nanodevices., We thank M. Aghamohammadi for her help with the film growth. This work has been supported by the Spanish Government under projects MAT2013-47869-C4-1-P and MAT2016-77852-C2-1-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Generalitat de Catalunya 2014 SGR501. We acknowledge the MINEICO project MAT2015-68994-REDC and the “Severo Ochoa” Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015- 0496). M.P. thanks the Spanish Government for financial support through BES-2008-003588 FPI and PTA2014-09788-I fellowships.

Here, we report the analogy of an extremely stable topological-like ultra-wide bandgap insulator, a solid that is a pure insulator in its bulk but has a metallic conductive surface, presenting a two-dimensional conductive channel at its surface that challenges our current thinking about semiconductor conductivity engineering. Nominally undoped epitaxial β-Ga2O3 thin films without any detectable defect (after a range of state-of-the-art techniques) showed the unexpectedly low resistivity of 3 × 10−2 Ωcm which was found to be also resistant to high dose proton irradiation (2 MeV, 5 × 1015cm−2 dose) and was largely invariant (metallic) over the phenomenal temperature range of 2 K up to 850 K. The unique resilience and stability of the electrical properties under thermal and highly ionizing radiation stressing, combined with the extended transparency range (thanks to the ultra-wide bandgap) and the already known toughness under high electrical field could open up new perspectives for use as expanded spectral range transparent electrodes (e.g., for UV harvesting solar cells or UV LEDs/lasers) and robust Ohmic contacts for use in extreme environments/applications and for novel optoelectronic and power device concepts., The authors acknowledge financial support from the Ile de France region (‘NOVATECS’ C'Nano IdF Project No? IF-08-1453. R) and from the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ‘Investissements d’Avenir’ program (Labex charmmmat, ANR-11-LABX-0039-grant). APT acknowledges Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional under contract ENE2015-74275-JIN. The ICN2 is funded by the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and by the Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant no. SEV-2013-0295). TT acknowledges Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant #04/04.

MRCTLH (muskelin/RanBPM/CTLH) is a protein complex found in humans (MRCTLH) that is involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, such as gluconeogenesis, cell signaling, development, nuclear extrusion, cell morphology, or stability of different proteins. According to genomic data, all eukaryotes have similar protein complexes. In yeast, a similar protein complex named GID was found to be involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis. LICC1 is a maize protein whose sequence resembles that of TWA1 in humans and GID8 in yeast, which are central components of the MRCTLH and GID complexes. LICC1 contains three highly conserved protein domains, LisH, CTLH, and CRA, typical of this protein family. Twa1 and gid8 are unique genes in human and yeast genomes. However, three copies of licc1 are present in the maize genome and multiple copies are present in other plant genomes. This result suggests the presence of multiple variants of the MRCTLH/GID complex in plants, which could increase its regulatory capacity. We also demonstrate here that LICC1 has the ability to interact with microtubules, similarly to the human TWA1. This interaction reinforces the idea that the LICC1 protein from maize, and its homologues in plants and, in general, the GID/MRCTLH complex in plants, can perform biological functions similar to those in humans and yeast., This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Government (BIO2001-1721), the Government of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya) (2014SGR-1434) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness “Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D” 2016-2019 (SEV2015-0533)”.

12 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables, Seabirds have been proposed as suitable candidates for tracking and monitoring changes in marine systems (bioindicators). However, their suitability depends on our ability to link the large degree of environmental variability inherent to marine systems with a few, relevant, and accessible signals (biomarkers) informing on changes in their feeding behavior or reproductive performance. We combined satellite remote-sensing records with stable isotope data (δ15N and δ13C) and breeding parameters (fledging success) spanning several years (2001-2014) to investigate the ecological responses to environmental variability by 2 sympatric seabirds inhabiting the western Mediterranean: Scopoli’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea and Cory’s shearwater C. borealis. Both species showed similar annual variations in their stable isotopic composition, likely as a response to the trophic consequences of changes in the magnitude and timing of the annual peak in marine productivity (as proxied by satellite imagery of chlorophyll a concentrations). In contrast, no relevant responses were observed in their breeding performance, suggesting that their life-history strategy has evolved to constancy in breeding success, which diminishes its value as a biomarker of changes in marine productivity patterns. Despite this limitation, combining remote sensing and stable isotopes in seabirds is a reliable and powerful tool for the early detection of fine-scale, climate-driven changes in marine productivity patterns and its cascading effects across communities and trophic levels, especially under the current scenario of ocean warming, This work was partially funded by ‘Estación Biológica de Doñana’ internal proposal call ‘Microproyectos’ financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excel-lence in R+D+I (SEV-2012-0262). F.R. was supported by Subprograma Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad’ (IJCI-2015-24531), With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

Two rationally designed strategies for covalent bonding of fluorescent dyes in coordination polymer nanoparticles aiming to achieve bifunctional fluorescent nanostructures have been developed. The first strategy was based on the synthesis of the coordination polymers structured as nanoparticles by coordination of CoII ions to two different catechol ligands containing free functional chemical groups (dopamine and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde), and a bis(imidazole)‐based ligand (1,4‐bis(imidazole‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, bix). Subsequently, different dyes, namely fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 1‐pyrenebutanoic acid hydrazide (PBH) or Alexa Fluor® 568 (A568), could be sequentially attached to the surface of the nanoparticles. The second strategy was focused on the prefunctionalization of catechol ligands with the corresponding dyes and, afterwards, the coordination with the metal ions in presence of bix. In vitro studies demonstrated the internalization of the bifunctional nanoparticles and the persistence of the fluorescent properties after cell uptake without dye leaching., This work was supported by the project MAT2015‐70615‐R and BIO2016‐78057‐R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and by FEDER funds. K. W thanks Generalitat de Catalunya for her fellowship (Beca F1 2013). F. N. thanks Universidad Nacional del Sur for supporting her postdoctoral stay. R.S. thanks the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte for the predoctoral grant PFU14/03170. The ICN2 is funded by the CERCA programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and supported by the Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant no. SEV‐2013‐0295).