39 results on '"S. Preis"'
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2. Photocatalytic oxidation of fuel oxygenated additives in aqueous solutions
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M. Krichevskaya, A. Kachina, T. Malygina, S. Preis, and J. Kallas
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Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Experimental research of photocatalytical oxidation (PCO) of aqueous solutions of de-icing agents (ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was undertaken. These chemicals are water-soluble components of jet and motor fuels accidentally disposed to the environment. Titanium dioxide (Degussa P25) under near-UV irradiation was selected as a photocatalyst. A slightly acidic medium was preferable for the process efficiency for MTBE, whereas a neutral medium was beneficial for de-icing agents and jet fuel aqueous extracts. TiO2 suspension fractional composition was found to be dependent on pH and the presence of organic admixtures: the minimum size of TiO2 particles at their maximum uniformity was established in an acidic medium, where the efficiency of PCO of de-icing agents was the poorest. On the other hand, neutral and slightly acidic media, beneficial for PCO efficiency, were favourable for particle agglomeration, which indicates a minimal role for photocatalyst particle size in PCO efficiency. PCO efficiency increased with increasing MTBE and icing inhibitor concentration. The biodegradability of aqueous solutions of oxygenated additives increased as PCO proceeded. The influence of mineral additives—sulphate, calcium, ferric and manganese ions—on the process efficiency was found to be complex. Special attention was paid to energy-saving PCO with a photocatalyst attached to buoyant glass micro-spheres and reduced intensity of stirring of the slurry.
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- 2003
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3. The Influence of Iron Ions on the Aqueous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Deicing Agents
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D. Klauson and S. Preis
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Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
An experimental research into aqueous photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of the deicing compounds, 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DEGMME), and ethylene glycol (EG) was undertaken. The addition of iron ions to the acidic aqueous solutions to be treated displayed complex influence on the oxidation efficiency of the above mentioned substances, resulting in a sharp increase of the PCO efficiency at smaller concentrations of iron ions followed by a drastic decrease with the increasing iron ion concentrations. The phenomena observed can be explained by the electron scavenging effect of the iron ions and the competitive adsorption of iron ions and the oxidized substances on titanium dioxide surface. The carbonic acids determined as the PCO by-products allow outlining some reaction pathways for the substances under consideration.
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- 2007
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4. Seed morphometrics unravels the evolutionary history of grapevine in France
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L. Bouby, V. Bonhomme, S. Ivorra, R. Bacilieri, S. Ben Makhad, E. Bonnaire, M. Cabanis, M. Derreumaux, M. F. Dietsch-Sellami, F. Durand, A. Evin, I. Figueiral, L. Flottes, C. Hallavant, F. Jedrusiak, T. Lacombe, P. Marinval, L. Martin, V. Matterne, C. Pagnoux, T. Pastor, R. Pinaud, B. Pradat, S. Preiss, J. Ros, N. Rovira, M. P. Ruas, C. Schaal, M. Tillier, F. Toulemonde, J. Wiethold, and J. F. Terral
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Vitis vinifera ,Domestication ,Morphometrics ,Archaeobotany ,Taphonomy ,Diffusion ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The cultivation of grapevines has spanned millennia, leading to thousands of varieties through exchanges, mutations, and crosses between genotypes, as well probably as gene flow from wild populations. These varieties are typically categorized by regional origin and primary use, either for wine production or fruit consumption. France, within the Western European group, hosts many of the world’s renowned wine grape varieties. However, the historical development of cultivated grapevines in France and in the world remains poorly understood. This study applies morphometry on 19,377 charred and waterlogged archaeological grape pips to investigate the evolutionary history of grapevine in France over the last 10,000 years. The study compares seed outlines and lengths, corrected for taphonomic distortions, with a reference collection of 80 wild and 466 modern domestic grapevine accessions. Findings reveal a shift from wild grapevine exploitation to the expansion of domestic varieties around 600–500 BCE, coinciding with Mediterranean cultural influences and the introduction of eastern grape types. The identification of the East-Table group, a group of varieties of eastern origin for fruit consumption, indicates that grapes were also grown for food, especially in Mediterranean regions and near urban areas, alongside wine production. Early French viticulture featured a notable presence of Western European wine-type grapevines. The abundance of pips with wild-like morphology suggests early cultivation involved plants at an initial domestication stage and gene flow between introduced and wild grapevines. As viticulture spread northward, wild and Eastern morphotypes declined, leading to the dominance of Western European wine types in inner France during the Middle Ages.
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- 2024
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5. Providing Food While Sustaining Soil Fertility in Two Pre-industrial Alpine Agroecosystems
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Fridolin Krausmann, Roberto García-Ruiz, S. Preis, Simone Gingrich, and Gertrud Haidvogl
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Agroecosystem ,Biomass (ecology) ,education.field_of_study ,Sociology and Political Science ,Ecology ,Land use ,business.industry ,Agroforestry ,Soil nitrogen ,Population ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Population density ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Agronomy ,Anthropology ,Food processing ,Environmental science ,Soil fertility ,business ,education - Abstract
This article employs the concept of socio-ecological metabolism for historical analyses of agroecosystems. We empirically investigate two case studies in the Austrian Alps of c. 1830 in terms of food and feed provision and soil nitrogen (N) balances. Total biomass extraction and food production were higher in the prealpine Enns valley. However, the larger non-agricultural population working in metal processing relied on food imports. In the high alpine Moll valley, food production was lower, but sustained the smaller regional population. There is no evidence of soil N-depletion at the regional scale in the Enns valley, but it cannot be ruled out in the Moll valley. While our results confirm that output intensity of land use increases with population density, the lower soil N-balance of the less densely populated Moll valley indicates that system-level land-use intensity was unexpectedly higher.
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- 2015
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6. Erfassen von Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehungen in Flusslandschaften: Vermittlung von Systemwissen in Schulen als Beitrag für ein nachhaltiges Flussgebietsmanagement
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Roland Grillmayer, Andreas Zitek, Michaela Poppe, Susanne Muhar, S. Preis, Reinfried Mansberger, and Sigrid Scheikl
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Political science ,Humanities ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Das wissenschaftliche Verstandnis von Prozessen in Flusslandschaften stellt eine wichtige Basis fur die Einbindung der Bevolkerung in ein wirkungsvolles und nachhaltiges Flussgebietsmanagement dar. Durch Vermittlung von Systemwissen an SchulerInnen sollen diese als zukunftige BewohnerInnen und NutzerInnen von Flusslandschaften Zusammenhange erkennen, Projektentscheidungen und Masnahmen verstehen und nachhaltige Planungen unterstutzen. Im Oktober 2012 startete aus diesem Grunde im Rahmen des Forschungsprogrammes „Sparkling Science“ des Bundesministeriums fur Wissenschaft und Forschung das Projekt „FlussAu:WOW!“. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes arbeiten WissenschaftlerInnen gemeinsam mit SchulerInnen zweier BG/BRG-Oberstufenklassen uber einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren zu Forschungsfragen des Flusslandschaftsmanagements. Fachliches Ziel des Projektes ist die Erarbeitung eines Indikatorensets, um die Funktionalitat des Fluss-Auen-Niveaus abzubilden. Gemeinsam mit den SchulerInnen wurden im ersten Schuljahr Forschungsfragen in Workshops bearbeitet, Freilandkartierungen durchgefuhrt und die Ergebnisse der Feldarbeit analysiert. In den Bearbeitungen und Diskussionen wurden von Seiten der WissenschaftlerInnen immer wieder die komplexen Zusammenhange in Fluss-Auensystemen aufgezeigt. Die Wissensevaluierung der im Projekt beteiligten SchulerInnen erfolgte mittels Pra- und Post-Tests. Die Analyse der Pra-Tests zeigte grose Wissenslucken zu Fragen des Flusslandschaftsmanagements u. a. uber signifikante Belastungen von Flusslandschaften. Der Vergleich der Pra- und Post-Tests dokumentierte einen signifikanten Anstieg des Faktenwissens der Jugendlichen nach dem ersten Schuljahr. Eine Vernetzung des Wissens und das Erkennen von Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehungen waren aber nur in Einzelfallen im Post-Test erkennbar. Neben Faktenwissen stellt vor allem das Wissen um die Vernetzung einzelner Systemelemente eine wesentliche Basis der wissenschaftlichen Bildung dar. Interaktive, moderne Ansatze haben bei der Vermittlung von Systemwissen eine grose Bedeutung. Im Rahmen des „FlussAu:WOW!“-Projektes wird das systembasierende Lernen im zweiten Schuljahr mithilfe einer neuartigen Modellierungs- und Simulationssoftware umgesetzt. Die Befragung der SchulerInnen nach deren Interessen zeigte sowohl im Pra- als auch im Post-Test eine hohe Motivation an der Forschungsmitarbeit und groses Interesse an Fragen zu Umwelt und Natur. Bereits nach dem ersten Schuljahr konnte die Zusammenarbeit WissenschaftlerInnen/ PadagogInnen/ SchulerInnen damit einen wertvollen Beitrag zu einem nachhaltigen Flussgebietsmanagement liefern.
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- 2013
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7. Outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis in large multi-age egg layer chicken flocks in Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rodrigo M. Couto, Roselene Ecco, Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga, Ingred S. Preis, Nelson Rodrigo da Silva Martins, and Bruno S. A. F. Brasil
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Gallid herpesvirus 1 ,Conjunctiva ,Population ,herpesvirus tipo 1 dos galináceos ,Galinhas de postura ,Virus ,medicine ,histopatologia ,conventional PCR ,Laying hen ,education ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,biology ,avian infectious laryngotracheitis ,Outbreak ,sequencing ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,sequenciamento ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Paranasal sinuses ,histopathology ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Histopathology ,Flock ,laringotraqueite infecciosa das aves ,PCR convencional - Abstract
A recent (November 2010) outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in a multi-age laying hen facility in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, is described. Previous ILT outbreak in laying hens was only notified in São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2002. In the outbreak described here, the affected population was approximately eight million hens, with flock sizes ranging from 100,000 to 2,900,000 chickens. The average mortality ranged from 1 to 6%, and morbidity was around 90% (most of the twenty seven farms of the area were positive for ILT virus). Three multi-age laying farms from one company were selected for this report. Clinical signs included prostration, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, occasional swelling of the paranasal sinuses and bloody mucous nasal discharge. Severely affected chickens presented with dyspnea, gasping and became cyanotic before death. At necropsy, these chickens had fibrinous exudate blocking the larynx and the lumen of cranial part of the trachea. In addition, conjunctivitis with intense hyperemia, edema and sinuses with caseous exudate were present. On histopathology, there were marked necrosis and desquamation of respiratory ephitelium and conjunctiva with numerous syncytial cells formation and fibrinous exudate. Moderate to marked non suppurative (especially lymphocytes and plasma cells) infiltration in the lamina propria also was observed. Sixteen out of 20 examined chickens, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the syncytial cells. The DNA extracted from larynx and trachea produced positive PCR results for ILT virus (ILTV) DNA using formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. Amplicons from a small region of ICP4 gene were submitted to sequencing and showed 100% identity with ILTV EU104910.1 (USA strain), 99% with ILTV JN596963.1 (Australian strain) and 91% with ILTV JN580316.1 (Gallid herpesvirus 1 CEO vaccine strain) and JN580315.1 (Gallid herpesvirus 1 TCO vaccine strain).
- Published
- 2013
8. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical characterization of 172 cutaneous round cell tumours in dogs
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Gleidice Eunice Lavalle, Ingred S. Preis, Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Roselene Ecco, and Marina Rios de Araújo
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skin ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cães ,imunoistoquimica ,Biology ,Histiocytic sarcoma ,CD117 ,Cytokeratin ,Dogs ,medicine ,T-cell lymphoma ,Histiocyte ,neoplasias ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Histology ,celulas redondas ,CD79a ,medicine.disease ,CD3 ,Lymphoma ,Staining ,round-cells tumours ,pele ,immunohistochemistry ,biology.protein ,lcsh:SF600-1100 - Abstract
This paper describes the use of a panel of antibodies (CD117, CD3, CD79a, CD45, cytokeratin, vimentin and E-cadherin) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of canine cutaneous round cell tumours. Neoplastic tumours were diagnosed by histology and histochemical stains and included 107 mast cell tumours, 31 cutaneous histiocytomas, two localized histiocytic sarcomas, 21 cutaneous lymphomas, three plasma cell tumours, one transmissible venereal tumour and seven unclassified round cell tumours. The histologic diagnosis was modified in 39.5% of the total 172 neoplasms. The staining for CD45 and Ecadherin were variable, and therefore, the final diagnoses of cutaneous histiocytoma and localized histiocytic sarcoma were made based on histology in association with negative results for CD3, CD79a, CD117 and cytokeratin. The cellular origin of unclassified round cell tumours was defined in all cases. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and plasma cell tumours were CD79a-positive and could be distinguished from each other by the morphological characteristics. Mast cell tumours and T cell lymphoma were CD117 and CD3 positive, respectively. The positive staining for vimentin and the negative staining for CD3, CD79a, CD117 and cytokeratin favoured the diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumours. Thus, the final diagnosis of cutaneous round cell tumours should be based on the interpretation of immunohistochemical results together with the cellular morphology observed by histology. Therefore, more studies to optimize the specific markers in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues (especially for histiocytes) are required for definitive diagnosis of round cell tumours in dogs.
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- 2012
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9. Identification and isolation of psittacid herpesvirus from psittacids in Brazil
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Marcela Miranda Luppi, Ingred S. Preis, Roselene Ecco, Marcelo C. C. Malta, Mauricio G. C. Resende, Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca, Ana Paula Moreira Franco Luiz, and Fabiana Magalhães Coelho
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Captivity ,Chick Embryo ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Herpesviridae ,law.invention ,Parrots ,Cloaca ,law ,Leukocytes ,medicine ,Animals ,Cells, Cultured ,Phylogeny ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Base Sequence ,General Veterinary ,Bird Diseases ,Herpesviridae Infections ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,Viral tegument ,Fibroblasts ,Virology ,Liver ,Capsid ,DNA, Viral ,Histopathology ,Brazil ,Spleen - Abstract
Psittacid herpesvirus (PsHV) was isolated from 41 birds kept in captivity in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/Brazil using chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cell cultures. For this study, leukocytes or cloacal swabs of live birds were used. Also, portions of liver, spleen or kidney from birds collected at necropsy were utilized for these tests. PCR tests confirmed the presence of PsHV in 100% of samples. Thirty-three of the PCR products were sequenced and the results disclosed a 99% and 100% identity when compared with other sequences PsHV-1 (AY372243.1 and AF261756.1), previously deposited in GenBank. In addition, histopathology was performed and 19 of the 29 birds contained random multifocal lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis with necrotic foci, suggestive of viral infection. Three samples were examined by electron microscopy to visualize the viral particles obtained from cell culture. The viral structures measured 269 nm in average, had envelopes with an icosahedral capsid and tegument, consistent with herpesvirus. Thus, a total of 41 isolates were obtained from PsHV cell cultivation in CEF, confirming the circulation of the virus between parrots kept in captivity in Belo Horizonte, and affirming the importance of further studies in this area.
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- 2011
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10. Schutz und Sicherung ökologisch sensibler Fließgewässerstrecken: Anforderungen, Kriterien, Implementierungsprozess
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Stefan Schmutz, S. Preis, Mathias Jungwirth, Michaela Poppe, and Susanne Muhar
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Die Nutzung der Fliesgewasser wird sowohl auf globaler als auch nationaler Ebene weiterhin intensiviert, was zunehmend auch zu Veranderungen und Beeintrachtigungen der Gewasserokosysteme und Gefahrdung der bereits stark in Anzahl und Ausdehnung reduzierten, intakten Fliesgewasser-Okosysteme fuhrt. Mit der EU-Richtlinie "Erneuerbare Energien" (RES 2009/28/EC) wurde das EU weite Ziel definiert, bis zum Jahr 2020 20 % des Endenergieverbrauchs aus erneuerbaren Energien zu decken. Somit ist zukunftig mit einem weiter forcierten Wasserkraftausbau zu rechnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich bei zukunftigen Nutzungseingriffen die Frage nach einer Abstimmung okologischer, gesellschaftlicher und okonomischer Interessen. Zudem machen die normativen Vorgaben des Verschlechterungsverbotes sowie des Verbesserungsgebotes der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie – in Zusammenschau mit anderen, naturschutzrelevanten Richtlinien – die Handlungserfordernisse in Hinblick auf Schutzstrategien deutlich. Fur diesen Abstimmungs- und in der Folge Priorisierungsprozess werden erstmalig sowohl auf EU- als auch nationaler Ebene neue Herangehensweisen im Sinne raumlich ubergeordneter, fachubergreifender "pre-planning Instrumente" diskutiert. Ziel ist eine raumlich differenzierte Ausweisung jener Flussstrecken, in denen eine masvolle Nutzung der Wasserressourcen grundsatzlich moglich ist und jener, deren okologische Funktionsfahigkeit vorrangig zu sichern ist. Im gegenstandlichen Artikel werden – als Basis fur weiterfuhrende Arbeiten zur Ausweisung okologisch sensibler Gewasserstrecken – Schutzwerte und -kriterien im Bereich des Fliesgewasserschutzes anhand von Literaturrecherchen auf internationaler Ebene betrachtet. Weiters wird ein Uberblick uber den Stand der Kriterienfestlegung in einzelnen Alpenstaaten gegeben und der Prozess der Implementierung von Schutzkriterien und -konzepten beispielhaft fur die Schweiz und Osterreich aufgezeigt. Anhand einer raumlichen Anwendung ausgewahlter sektoraler Kriterien fur das osterreichische Fliesgewassernetz werden schlussendlich exemplarisch Fliesgewasserstrecken dargestellt, die hohe okologische Wertigkeit aufweisen.
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- 2011
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11. Auswirkungen des Wasserkraftausbaues auf die Fischfauna der steirischen Mur
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Stefan Schmutz, S. Preis, Mathias Jungwirth, Günther Unfer, C. Wiesner, and Susanne Muhar
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In der steirischen Mur gibt es derzeit 29 Wasserkraftwerke, 26 % der Mur sind gestaut und 11 % ausgeleitet (Restwasser). Etwa 25 % des Flusslaufes weisen noch einen guten hydromorphologischen Zustand auf. Hohe Fliesstreckenanteile existieren im Abschnitt Landesgrenze bis Bruck/Murzmundung und in der Grenzmur. Die Huchenpopulation der Mur ist von sehr hoher internationaler Schutzwurdigkeit und weist eigenstandige Reproduktion auf. Mit ca. 1.500 Adulttieren liegt die Huchenpopulation der Mur bereits unter der kritischen Grenze langfristig uberlebensfahiger Minimalpopulationsgrosen. Teilpopulationen mit jeweils uber 100 Adulttieren befinden sich nur in langeren durchgehenden Fliesstrecken, v.a. flussauf von Leoben. Ein Verschwinden des Huchens in Abschnitten mit gutem Zustand entsprechend FIA fuhrt zu einer Verschlechterung zum masigen Zustand. Generell weisen Stauhaltungen starke Defizite im Artenspektrum und Fischokologischen Zustand auf (Zustandsklasse 4 bis 5). Vollwasser-Fliesstrecken weisen zu 89 % den Guten oder sehr Guten Zustand auf, Restwasserstrecken noch zu 77 % den Guten Zustand. Mit zunehmenden Stau- oder Restwasseranteil verschlechtert sich der Fischokologische Zustand.
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- 2011
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12. Rekonstruktion historischer Flusslandschaften als Grundlage im Gewässermanagement – Potential und Limits
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Severin Hohensinner, S. Preis, and Gertrud Haidvogl
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In diesem Artikel werden Moglichkeiten und Limits der Verwendung historischer Karten fur die Rekonstruktion fruherer gewassermorphologischer Verhaltnisse diskutiert. Anhand von Fallbeispielen zu Moll, Lech, Kamp und zur Donau wird dargestellt, dass teils sehr detaillierte Analysen moglich sind. Im Gewassermanagement liefern solche Rekonstruktionen wichtige Beitrage fur die Formulierung eines Leitbilds, okologischer Defizite sowie Vorgaben fur die Planung von Masnahmen und fur ein okologisches Monitoring. Gleichzeitig gibt es aber auch klare Einschrankungen. Verfugbare Kartenwerke entstammen meist dem 19. Jahrhundert und damit aus einer Zeit, in der Gewasser nicht mehr unbeeinflusst waren. Zudem haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen fur die zukunftige morphologische Entwicklung von Gewassern haufig geandert, sodass historisch basierte Leitbilder und Bewertungsmasstabe nur eingeschrankt umgesetzt werden konnen.
- Published
- 2011
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13. Einfluss der Hydromorphologie auf den Nährstoffrückhalt in Weinviertler Bächen – Schlussfolgerungen für das Gewässermanagement
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N. Kreuzinger, Thomas Hein, Susanne Muhar, Jennifer Fuchsberger, Bernadette Teufl, Gabriele Weigelhofer, K. Schilling, and S. Preis
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Als Folge von umfassenden Regulierungstatigkeiten in der Vergangenheit und der intensiven landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung des Gebiets weisen zahlreiche kleine Bache im Weinviertel eine degradierte Gewassermorphologie und eine massive Belastung der Wasserqualitat durch Nahrstoffe auf. Im ETZ-Projekt ProFor wurde der Einfluss der Hydromorphologie auf die Wasser- und Sedimentqualitat sowie auf den Nahrstoffruckhalt im Gewasser untersucht, um Sanierungsansatze fur stark belastete Gewasseroberlaufe im Weinviertel auszuarbeiten, die auf eine Verbesserung des Nahrstoffhaushalts abzielen. Die Untersuchungen zeigten vor allem in den degradierten, schilfbewachsenen Strecken eine Akkumulation an nahrstoffreichem, organisch belasteten Feinsediment aus erodiertem Ackerboden mit einem hohen Freisetzungspotential fur Ammonium und Phosphat (bis zu 20 mg m−2 h−1). Der Nahrstoffruckhalt war generell masig. Die mittleren Transportdistanzen fur geloste Nahrstoffe betrugen meist mehrere Kilometer, die mittleren Aufnahmeraten fur Ammonium und Phosphat lagen bei ca. 5 mg m−2 h−1. Abschnitte mit einem Geholzsaum wiesen im Allgemeinen eine bessere Sedimentqualitat und einen hoheren Nahrstoffruckhalt auf als degradierte Strecken. Die Studie zeigt, dass eine Verminderung der stofflichen Belastung und eine Verbesserung der okologischen Funktionsfahigkeit, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Wiederherstellung der Selbstreinigungskapazitat, nur durch eine Masnahmenkombination aus einer Restrukturierung der Gewassermorphologie und einer gleichzeitigen Reduktion des Bodeneintrags aus dem Umland erreicht werden kann.
- Published
- 2011
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14. Ökologischer Zustand der Fließgewässer Österreichs – Perspektiven bei unterschiedlichen Nutzungsszenarien der Wasserkraft
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S. Schmutz, R. Schinegger, S. Muhar, S. Preis, and M. Jungwirth
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 2010
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15. Neue Ansätze im integrierten Hochwassermanagement: Floodplain Evaluation Matrix FEM, flussmorphologischer Raumbedarf FMRB und räumlich differenziertes Vegetationsmanagement egetationsmanagement VeMaFLOOD
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Michaela Poppe, M. Weiss, G. Krapesch, S. Preis, Bernhard Schober, Elisabeth Jäger, Christoph Hauer, Helmut Habersack, and Susanna Muhar
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In diesem Artikel werden drei neue Ansatze im integrierten Hochwassermanagement vorgestellt, welche in FloodRisk II entwickelt oder optimiert wurden. (I) Die Floodplain Evaluation Matrix (FEM) ermoglicht die objektive Evaluierung von Uberflutungsflachen in einem Einzugsgebiet und/oder einer Flussstrecke aus hydrologisch/hydraulischer, okologischer und soziologischer Sicht. (II) Der flussmorphologische Raumbedarf (FMRB) zeigt sich insbesondere bei grosen Hochwassern und wurde auf Basis der Untersuchungen minimal mit der insgesamt drei- bis siebenfachen Flussbreite (gemessen ab Boschungsoberkante) festgelegt, wo weder Bauten noch hoherwertige Nutzungen zulassig sind. Wo moglich, sollte beim FMRB eine Annaherung an das potenzielle Fluss-Auensystem (maximaler FMRB) erfolgen. (III) Mit dem raumlich differenzierten Vegetationsmanagement (VeMaFlood) erfolgt eine Einteilung der Flussabschnitte in vegetationsdynamische Strecken, Ubergangsstrecken und sensible Strecken mit unterschiedlicher Breite und Dichte der Vegetation, um damit eine verstarkende Retentionswirkung (hydrologisch) oder Minimierung des Wasserspiegels (hydraulisch) zu ermoglichen.
- Published
- 2010
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16. Evaluating the potential of qualitative reasoning models to contribute to sustainable catchment management
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Bert Bredeweg, Paulo Salles, Andreas Zitek, Susanne Muhar, S. Preis, Stefan Schmutz, and Theory of Computer Science (IVI, FNWI)
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Sustainable development ,Knowledge management ,Ecology ,Integrated catchment management ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Ecological Modeling ,Stakeholder ,Social learning ,Computer Science Applications ,Qualitative reasoning ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Sustainability ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Integrated management - Abstract
Due to the world wide degradation of river catchments and their related aquatic resources the development of integrated management strategies has become an important issue. Tools and processes are required that support the integration of science, the needs of stakeholders and the local population, within existing political frameworks to achieve a sustainable catchment development. In this paper the potential of qualitative reasoning (QR) models for sustainable catchment management is evaluated by students and domain experts. This evaluation yields promising results. The evaluated QR models were found to represent complex knowledge in an understandable manner. Most people ‘largely or fully agreed’ that the presented QR models may significantly contribute to the understanding of students and stakeholders, concerning which entities and processes drive a sustainable development of a riverine landscape, and therefore enhances their decision-making capabilities. Due to its potential to integrate quantitative and qualitative knowledge, to build causal models, and to run dynamic simulations, the presented QR approach has great potential to become an important contribution to integrated catchment management at multiple levels of the implementation process thereof (such as education, decision-making, social learning, integration of different scientific disciplines, and communication).
- Published
- 2009
17. The use of large wood in stream restoration: experiences from 50 projects in Germany and Austria
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Daniel Hering, Jochem Kail, Susanne Muhar, Marc Gerhard, and S. Preis
- Subjects
geography ,Watershed ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Water flow ,Scale (chemistry) ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Context (language use) ,STREAMS ,complex mixtures ,Soft engineering ,Environmental protection ,Environmental science ,Stream restoration ,Channel (geography) - Abstract
Summary 1Wood is increasingly used in restoration projects to improve the hydromorphological and ecological status of streams and rivers. However, despite their growing importance, only a few of these projects are described in the open literature. To aid practitioners, we conducted a postal mail survey to summarize the experiences gained in central Europe and compile data on 50 projects. 2Our results indicated the potential for improvement from an ecological point of view, as the number and total wood volume, and the median volume of single wood structures placed in the streams per project, were low compared with the potential natural state. Moreover, many wood structures were placed nearly parallel to the water flow, reducing their beneficial effect on stream hydraulics and morphology. 3Restoration success has been monitored in only 58% of the projects. General conclusions drawn include the following. (i) The potential effects of wood placement must be evaluated within a watershed and reach-scale context. (ii) Wood measures are most successful if they mimic natural wood. (iii) Effects of wood structures on stream morphology are strongly dependent on conditions such as stream size and hydrology. (iv) Wood placement has positive effects on several fish species. (v) Most projects revealed a rapid improvement of the hydromorphological status. 4Most of the wood structures have been fixed, called ‘hard engineering’. However, soft engineering methods (use of non-fixed wood structures) are known to result in more natural channel features for individual stream types, sizes and sites, and are significantly more cost-effective. 5Synthesis and applications. Large wood has been used successfully in several projects in central Europe, predominantly to increase the general structural complexity using fixed wood structures. Our results recommend the use of less costly soft engineering techniques (non-fixed wood structures), higher amounts of wood, larger wood structures and improved monitoring programmes for future restoration projects comparable with those in this study. We recommend the use of ‘passive restoration’ methods (restoring the process of wood recruitment on large scales) rather than ‘active restoration’ (placement of wood structures on a reach scale), as passive restoration avoids the risk of non-natural amounts or diversity of wood loading developing within streams. Local, active placement of wood structures must be considered as an interim measure until passive restoration methods have increased recruitment sufficiently.
- Published
- 2007
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18. Nachhaltige Entwicklung der Flusslandschaft Kamp: Darstellung eines Managementprozesses in Hinblick auf die Vorgaben der EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (EU-WRRL)
- Author
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Mathias Jungwirth, Helmut Habersack, S. Hofbauer, Christoph Hauer, Susanne Muhar, and S. Preis
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Political science ,Humanities ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Die Hochwasser und Uberschwemmungen des August 2002 betrafen auch das Kamptal und setzten hier fur das Leben und Wirtschaften ganzlich neue Rahmenbedingungen. Vor allem der Hochwasserschutz und die Raum- und Landschaftsplanung wurden dadurch vor zukunftsweisende Herausforderungen gestellt. Aus okologischer Sicht fuhrte das Extremereignis aber auch zu einer ausergewohnlichen Entwicklung. Es entstanden im Kamptal naturnahe, Flussabschnitte, wie sie an anderen Flussen Osterreichs erst mit grosem finanziellem Aufwand gezielt hergestellt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund beauftragte die NO Landesakademie in Kooperation mit dem Land NO im September 2003 die Universitat fur Bodenkultur mit der Erarbeitung eines integrativen Gesamtkonzepts zur “Nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Kamptal-Flusslandschaft”. Dabei galt es zukunftsorientierte Losungen zu finden, die den Bedurfnissen der Menschen vor Ort gerecht werden und den rechtlichen Vorgaben entsprechen. Das Projekt wird Ende 2006 finalisiert; als zentrales Ergebnis wird ein sogenannter ubergeordneter Managementplan vorliegen, der die unterschiedlichen Nutzungen im Kamptal vom Hochwasserschutz uber Energiewirtschaft, Siedlungs- und Wirtschaftstatigkeit bis hin zu Freizeit und Okologie optimal miteinander verbindet. Vorliegender Beitrag bildet als “Uberbau” zu den folgenden Fachartikeln Projektstruktur und Projektablaufe der Studie ab und stellt die wichtigsten Planungsgrundsatze, welche zur Anwendung kamen, dar.
- Published
- 2006
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19. Management der Vegetation in einer Flusslandschaft — innovative Herangehensweisen aus hydraulischer und ökologischer Sicht am Beispiel Kamp
- Author
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Christoph Hauer, S. Hofbauer, S. Preis, Susanne Muhar, Mathias Jungwirth, and Helmut Habersack
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Political science ,medicine ,Forestry ,medicine.symptom ,Vegetation (pathology) ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Im Rahmen des integrativen Gesamtprojektes „Nachhaltige Entwicklung der Kamptal-Flusslandschaft”1 wurden die Themen Vegetation und Totholz sowohl aus wasserwirtschaftlicher als auch aus okologischer Sicht untersucht. Die umfangreiche Istbestandsanalyse umfasste die Kartierung der Vegetationsstrukturen und eine geneaue Erhebung der „geometrischen” Vegetationsparameter. Darauf aufbauend wurden unterschiedliche Vegetationsszenarien vor allem in Hinblick auf Breite und Dichte der Geholzvegetation entwickelt und deren Einfluss auf das Abflussgeschehen in einem wasserbaulichen Modellversuch untersucht. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen in Siedlungen und Freilandbereichen wurde fur das Management eine Einteilung in „sensible”, „vegetationsdynamische” und „Ubergangsstrecken” vorgeschlagen.
- Published
- 2006
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20. Flussmorphologische Veränderungen am Kamp durch das Hochwasser 2002 und ihre Bedeutung für Hochwasserschutz und Fischökologie
- Author
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Mathias Jungwirth, Christoph Hauer, S. Hofbauer, S. Preis, Susanne Muhar, C. Frangez, Günther Unfer, and Helmut Habersack
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,General Energy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine ,Art ,Water Science and Technology ,media_common - Abstract
In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt „Nachhaltige Entwicklung der Kamptal Flusslandschaft” vorgestellt, die sich mit der Dokumentation bzw. Prozessanalyse von flussmorphologischen Veranderungen durch das Hochwasser 2002 auseinandersetzen. Es galt, (1) Umlagerungsflachen/Verwerfungen auszuweisen bzw. Erosionen zu quantifizieren, (2) Verwerfungstypen zu klassifizieren, um in der Folge (3) physikalische Prozesse in diesen Umlagerungsflachen mit Hilfe von hydrodynamisch-numerischen (HN) Modellen zu beschreiben. Fur ein zukunftiges Management dieser Umlagerungsflachen wurden (4) Untersuchungen nach Hochwasserschutz-bzw. okologischen Kriterien an Hand eines Fallbeispiels durchgefuhrt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass vor allem Abflusskontraktionen bzw. flussab folgende Abflussexpansionen wesentlich zur Verwerfungsbildung durch das Hochwasser 2002 beitrugen. Die Umlagerungsflachen brachten lokal sowohl aus Sicht des Hochwasserschutzes, als auch aus Sicht der Fischokologie, eine Verbesserung gegenuber dem Zustand vor dem Hochwasser 2002. Die hier vorgestellten Projektergebnisse wurden im Auftrag der NO Landesakademie in Kooperation mit der Gruppe Wasser beim Amt der NO Landesregierung vom Institut fur Wasserwirtschaft, Hydrologie und Konstruktiven Wasserbau (IWHW) gemeinsam mit dem Institut fur Hydrobiologie und Gewassermanagement (IHG) des Departments fur Wasser-Atmosphare-Umwelt der Universitat fur Bodenkultur erarbeitet.
- Published
- 2006
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21. Partizipationsprozesse im Rahmen des Projektes 'Nachhaltige Entwicklung der Kamptal-Flusslandschaft'
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Susanne Muhar, S. Hofbauer, H. Hittinger, Helmut Habersack, M. Hinterhofer, Christoph Hauer, Mathias Jungwirth, and S. Preis
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Voraussetzung fur das Gelingen eines Partizipations prozesses ist eine rechtzeitige und vertiefte Information und Bewusstseinsbildung der Bevolkerung, die moglichst fruhzeitige Erhebung der Interessen, Wunsche und Angste der Bevolkerung (BurgerInnen-Leitbild/partizipatives Leitbild) und eine gezielte, moderierte Einbindung der BurgerInnen in den Planungsprozess selbst. Diesen Grundsatzen folgt das ProjektNachhaltige Entwicklung der Kamptal-Flusslandschaft1. Im Zentrum steht dabei dieaktive Einbindung der interessierten Kamptalerinnen und Kamptaler, welche diesen die Moglichkeit einraumt, auf den Prozess selbst sowie die Ergebnisse Einfluss zu nehmen. Die BurgerInnen-beteiligung erfolgt von Beginn des Projektes an und begleitet samtliche Projektphasen. Parallel dazu erfolgt — als Grundlage jeder Beteiligung — die kontinuierliche Information der Offentlichkeit uber Medien, Informationsveranstaltungen und das Internet.
- Published
- 2006
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22. Flächensicherung in Hinblick auf ein ökologisches und wasserwirtschaftliches Flusslandschaftsmanagement am Kamp nach dem Hochwasser 2002
- Author
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Helmut Habersack, Mathias Jungwirth, S. Muhar, S. Hofbauer, and S. Preis
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,General Energy ,Political science ,Forestry ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer Studie vorgestellt, deren Ziel die Flachensicherung als Basis fur ein zukunftiges Flusslandschaftsmanagement fur den Kamp nach dem Hochwasser 2002 war. Es galt, (1) Flachen hoher okologischer Wertigkeit mit Hauptaugenmerk auf die von den Hochwassern 2002 neu geschaffenen Flussstrukturen abzugrenzen, (2) diese Flachen anhand einer Prioritatenreihung als Grundlage fur Grundverhandlungen und-ankaufe zu kennzeichnen sowie (3) Bedeutung und Funktionen der ausgewiesenen Flachen fur Hochwasserschoz und Okologie aufzuzeigen. Auf Basis dieser Untersuchungen konnten fur das Kamptal knapp 321 ha als potenziell sichernswerte Flachen ausgewiesen werden. Mit Mitteln des Landes Niederosterreich sowie des BMLFUW wurden uber 90 ha dieser Flachen, die durch die Hochwasser 2002 stark beeintrachtigt waren, fur zukunftige Masnahmen des passiven Hochwasserschutzes erworben und in das offentliche Wassergut ubergefuhrt. Die hier vorgestellte Studie wurde im Auftrag des Landes Niederosterreich (Gruppe Wasser) vom Institut fur Hydrobiologie und Gewassermanagement gemeinsam mit dem Institut fur Wasserwirtschaft, Hydrologie und konstruktiven Wasserbau des Departments fur Wasser-Atmosphare-Umwelt der Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien erarbeitet.
- Published
- 2005
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23. CT and MRI of congenital sinonasal ossifying fibroma
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S. Preis, W. Hassler, V. Engelbrecht, and H. G. Lenard
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Male ,Nasal cavity ,business.industry ,Fibrous dysplasia ,Nose Neoplasms ,Anatomy ,Ossifying fibroma ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anterior cranial fossa ,Dysplasia ,Fibroma, Ossifying ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Child ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ,Nose ,Neuroradiology ,Calcification - Abstract
We report a 9-year-old boy with a sinonasal ossifying fibroma, probably congenital, with atypical findings on CT and MRI. CT revealed a soft-tissue density mass in the sphenoethmoidal sinuses, nasal cavity and right maxillary sinus with a few foci of calcification and with remodelling and destruction of the adjacent facial bones. MRI showed high signal on T2- and intermediate signal on T1-weighted images. A thin, partly enhancing outer shell and some nonenhancing septa were visible on contrast-enhanced images. MRI also showed the tumour to extend into the anterior cranial fossa. Subtotal removal was performed. We compare our findings with reports in the literature and discuss the differences from fibrous dysplasia.
- Published
- 1999
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24. P1284 : Establishment of an interdisciplinary online expert-forum (INXFO) specialized in HIV and hepatitis in Germany – up-date 2014
- Author
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C. Wyen, P. Braun, L. Meemken, T. Kümmerle, N. Hanhoff, E. Wolf, Juergen K. Rockstroh, P. Ingiliz, and S. Preis
- Subjects
Hepatitis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Virology - Published
- 2015
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25. Human Rights as Cultural Practice: An Anthropological Critique
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Ann-Belinda S. Preis
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Human rights ,Statement (logic) ,Member states ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Declaration ,Gender studies ,Liberalism ,Law ,Sociology ,Patient assistance ,Associate professor ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Legitimacy ,media_common - Abstract
(1993). The preparation of the present article has taken place during the last months of my assignment with the Danish Center for Human Rights, Copenhagen, in the Autumn of 1994. I am grateful to the researchers at the Center, particularly Katarina Tomasevski and Karin Poulsen, as well as the Center's Director, Morten Kjaerum, for stimulating discussions which have inspired my work. The research would not have been possible without the patient assistance of the Center's two librarians, Karen-Lise Thylstrup and Agnete Olesen, to whom I am equally grateful. Associate Professor Michael Whyte, Institute of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, read an earlier draft of the article, and his comments have, as usual, been extremely useful in clarifying some of its most difficult issues. Last but not least, the shaping of my theoretical approach to human rights has benefitted immensely from discussions with Mr. Maurice Boussidan, philosopher and psychoanalyst, Association Freudienne Internationale, Paris. 2. Statement on Human Rights, 49 AM. ANTHROPOLOGIST 539, 542 (1947). This statement was submitted to one of the commissions of the United Nations, which, as is well-known, in 1947 carried out a theoretical inquiry into the foundations of an international declaration of human rights, drawing on a large number of individual philosophers, social scientists, jurists, and writers from UNESCO member states. For details, see Tore Lindholm, Prospects for Research on the Cultural Legitimacy of Human Rights: The Cases of Liberalism and Marxism, in HUMAN RIGHTS IN CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECIVES: A QUEST FOR CONSENSUS 387 (Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im ed., 1992) [hereinafter HUMAN RIGHTS IN
- Published
- 1996
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26. Ceftriaxone alone or in Combination with Teicoplanin in the Management of Febrile Episodes in Neutropenic Children and Adolescents with Cancer on an Outpatient Base
- Author
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Ulrich Göbel, S Preis, A A Oudekotte-David, Heribert Jürgens, C Friedland, and L. Thomas
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neutropenia ,Adolescent ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cephalosporin ,Antibiotics ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Opportunistic Infections ,Fever of Unknown Origin ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Humans ,Aplastic anemia ,Child ,Chemotherapy ,Leukemia ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Teicoplanin ,business.industry ,Septic shock ,Ceftriaxone ,Anemia, Aplastic ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,business ,Body Temperature Regulation ,medicine.drug - Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This study prospectively investigated the outpatient once daily therapy with ceftriaxone alone or if necessary in combination with teicoplanin, in the treatment of infections in children and adolescents with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia or aplastic anemia. PATIENTS 42 patients 1-22 years of age suffering from solid tumors, hematological and oncological diseases, with clinical signs of infection, increased serum CRP (> 1 mg/dl) and/or fever above 38.5 degrees C and neutropenia (WBC count and/or ANC < 1 x 10(9)/l) were included in this outpatient based study. One important exclusion criterion was poor clinical condition with symptoms of septic shock. METHODS After bacterial, fungal and viral cultures had been obtained, single agent broad spectrum cephalosporin treatment was initiated with ceftriaxone applied once daily in a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight as short infusion over 30 min. Daily examinations included WBC, CRP, physical inspection and reassessment. In case of persistence or increase of fever and CRP, either outpatient management was carried on with teicoplanin added or patients were hospitalized and switched to combination antibiotic regimen. RESULTS There were 64 febrile episodes in 42 patients. Single agent once daily broad spectrum cephalosporin was adequate in 43/64 (67%) of infectious episodes in neutropenic patients. For persisting or increased fever or CRP elevation, 9 patients were treated with ceftriaxone and teicoplanin successfully. Thus hospitalized was avoided in 52/64 (81%) of infectious episodes.
- Published
- 1993
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27. Effect of Bradykinin on Arteries and Veins in Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation
- Author
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S. Preis, M Wagmann, G. Bönner, U. Schunk, R Chrosch, and C. Toussaint
- Subjects
Ramipril ,Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Bradykinin ,Angiotensin-converting enzyme ,Vasodilation ,Captopril ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Circulatory system ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Vascular resistance ,business ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Blood vessel ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Bradykinin is a potent vasodilating and natriuretic peptide, which is potentiated by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In our investigations we studied the effect of bradykinin on systemic and pulmonary circulation as well as on dorsal hand vein tone. The effects of bradykinin on systemic and pulmonary circulation were tested by injection of bradykinin into the right atrium. Parameters were determined for blood pressure, cardiac output, ECG and mean pressure in pulmonary artery. Heart rate, total peripheral resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary arteriolar resistance were calculated by these measured parameters. The data raised in our investigations showed clearly that bradykinin reduced blood pressure by reducing total peripheral vascular resistance in a dose-dependent manner. In pulmonary circulation bradykinin develops a direct effect. All circulatory actions of bradykinin are not mediated by prostaglandins, since inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin (100-150 mg) was without any effect. ACE inhibition by ramipril (5 mg) or captopril (50 mg) potentiated all effects of bradykinin about 20- to 50-fold, whereas it decreased angiotensin I effects only about four- to fivefold. These results suggest, that endogenous kinins, if they will be similarly potentiated by ACE inhibition like the exogenous bradykinin in our experiments, might play an important role in the blood pressure lowering effect of ACE inhibitors. Dorsal hand vein tone was reduced by bradykinin too, indicating that kinins can lower cardiac preload by increasing venous blood pooling.
- Published
- 1992
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28. Hemodynamic Effects of Bradykinin on Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation in Healthy and Hypertensive Humans
- Author
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U. Schunk, G. Bönner, S. Preis, C. Toussaint, and W. Kaufmann
- Subjects
Ramipril ,Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Lisinopril ,Bradykinin ,Captopril ,Kinin ,medicine.disease ,Renovascular hypertension ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Vascular resistance ,business ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In our studies, we investigated the vasodepressor effects of bradykinin in vivo in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Bradykinin was injected intravenously and intra-arterially (40-6,050 pM/kg) and was infused intra-arterially (40-6,050 pM/kg/min). The investigations were performed in 21 normotensive and 15 hypertensive patients. Bradykinin injections were performed after the following pharmacological interventions: salt restriction (10 mmol of Na/day), salt loading (300 mmol of Na/day), captopril (50 mg), ramipril (5 mg), lisinopril (20 mg), ketotifen (2 X 1 mg), indomethacin (2 X 50 mg), and propranolol (80 mg). The results show that bradykinin lowers blood pressure in a dose-related manner by marked reduction in peripheral vascular resistance. The blood pressure reduction was strongly correlated with the increase in kinin concentration. This effect of bradykinin appears to be independent of changes in sodium metabolism, beta-adrenoceptors, histamine-1 receptors, and prostaglandins. ACE inhibitors protentiate the blood pressure-lowering effect of bradykinin approximately 20- to 50-fold. In the case of intra-arterial injection of bradykinin, only 2-5% of the intravenously used dose of bradykinin are needed to produce an identical fall in blood pressure. From these experiments, a pulmonary clearance rate of bradykinin of over 95% can be calculated. In the pulmonary arteries, bradykinin has no effect on vascular resistance. In patients suffering from primary or renovascular hypertension, the blood pressure response to bradykinin was enhanced. The bradykinin potentiating effect of the ACE inhibitors was not altered in the hypertensives. In patients suffering from borderline hypertension or primary hyperaldosteronism, bradykinin caused the same blood pressure lowering effect as in the normotensives.
- Published
- 1990
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29. Bovine cervical bursitis co-infection caused by Brucella abortus and Onchocerca sp.
- Author
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Soares Filho, Paulo Martins, Dias, Anderson Silva, Castro, Ingred S. Preis, de Souza, Patrícia Gomes, de Freitas Galvão, Mayra, and Xavier, Fabiana Galtarosa
- Abstract
The presence of Onchocerca guturosa in cattle is responsible for lesions similar to those observed in cases suspected of brucellosis, however, Onchocerca sp. is not a trade barrier, although it is also responsible for economic losses due to the removal of the affected parts of the carcasses. Brucella sp. is a zoonotic agent transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated animal products, the contact with infected animals and the handling of carcasses. This agent is also responsible for non-tariff trade barriers. Cervical bursitis is Brucella sp. suggestive lesions in bovine carcasses that requires laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to record the co-infection of Brucella abortus and Onchocerca sp. as a first report of co-infection of these two agents in the same lesion. The sample constituted of a nuchal bursitis in the cervical ligament, a suggestive lesion common to these two agents, submitted to histopathology and Brucella spp. isolation in the Brucellosis reference laboratory of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Brucellosis serological diagnosis were also performed in the animal's serum sample. B. abortus was isolated from the lesion and filarid nematode structures were identified in histopathology. All serological tests were positive for brucellosis. Further studies are needed, however, to understand the co-infection by Onchocerca sp. and B. abortus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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30. Gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of motor fuel oxygenated additives
- Author
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S, Preis and J L, Falconer
- Subjects
Methyl Ethers ,tert-Butyl Alcohol ,Photochemistry ,Carcinogens ,Solvents ,Temperature ,Humidity ,Gases ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Catalysis ,Water Purification - Abstract
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were oxidized in the gas phase by photocatalytic oxidation (PCO). Transient PCO was carried out at room temperature on TiO2 (Degussa P25), 0.2% Pt-TiO2, and 2% Pt-TiO2 catalysts. Surface-adsorbed reaction by-products were characterized by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and oxidation (TPO). Continuous flow PCO was also carried out at 373 K on TiO2. Acetone, H2O, and CO2 were the gas-phase products for PCO of TBA and MTBE, and formic acid was adsorbed on the TiO2 surface. Temperature-programmed desorption of TBA and MTBE formed 2-methyl-1-propene, water (TBA), and methanol (MTBE). During continuous-flow PCO, acetone desorbed in molar amounts equal to the amount of decomposed TBA and MTBE. The Pt/TiO2 catalysts had higher rates of complete oxidation during PCO and TPO. Injection of water during transient PCO increased the rates of oxidation of adsorbed TBA, formic acid, and acetone. Photocatalytic oxidation of TBA proceeded faster in humid air than dry air, but MTBE oxidation was less sensitive to humidity. The TiO2 catalyst was stable for MTBE, TBA, and acetone PCO at 373 K. The PCO at low conversions followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.
- Published
- 2004
31. Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome--successful treatment with a combination of retinoid and concurrent systematic periodontal therapy: case reports
- Author
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S, Kressin, A, Herforth, S, Preis, V, Wahn, and H G, Lenard
- Subjects
Male ,Keratolytic Agents ,Papillon-Lefevre Disease ,Child, Preschool ,Dental Care for Chronically Ill ,Humans ,Female ,Tooth Mobility ,Child ,Gingivitis ,Acitretin ,Periodontal Diseases - Abstract
Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive congenital differentiation disorder; the external signs are hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. Intraorally, the most salient manifestations are dystrophic periodontal problems that affect both the primary and permanent dentitions and frequently lead to premature tooth loss. Two children were treated with acitretin 0.5 mg/kg of body weight per day from November 1992 to November 1993, and another child since October 1993. Concurrently, the children received professional oral hygiene care (scaling, root planing, and curettage). The combination of retinoid therapy and periodontal treatment improved the dermatologic and periodontal conditions.
- Published
- 1995
32. Effect of bradykinin on arteries and veins in systemic and pulmonary circulation
- Author
-
G, Bönner, S, Preis, U, Schunk, M, Wagmann, R, Chrosch, and C, Toussaint
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pulmonary Circulation ,Hemodynamics ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Blood Pressure ,Arteries ,Pulmonary Artery ,Bradykinin ,Veins ,Electrocardiography ,Heart Rate ,Vasoconstriction ,Humans ,Female ,Vascular Resistance ,Angiotensin I ,Cardiac Output - Abstract
Bradykinin is a potent vasodilating and natriuretic peptide, which is potentiated by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In our investigations we studied the effect of bradykinin on systemic and pulmonary circulation as well as on dorsal hand vein tone. The effects of bradykinin on systemic and pulmonary circulation were tested by injection of bradykinin into the right atrium. Parameters were determined for blood pressure, cardiac output, ECG and mean pressure in pulmonary artery. Heart rate, total peripheral resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary arteriolar resistance were calculated by these measured parameters. The data raised in our investigations showed clearly that bradykinin reduced blood pressure by reducing total peripheral vascular resistance in a dose-dependent manner. In pulmonary circulation bradykinin develops a direct effect. All circulatory actions of bradykinin are not mediated by prostaglandins, since inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin (100-150 mg) was without any effect. ACE inhibition by ramipril (5 mg) or captopril (50 mg) potentiated all effects of bradykinin about 20- to 50-fold, whereas it decreased angiotensin I effects only about four- to fivefold. These results suggest, that endogenous kinins, if they will be similarly potentiated by ACE inhibition like the exogenous bradykinin in our experiments, might play an important role in the blood pressure lowering effect of ACE inhibitors. Dorsal hand vein tone was reduced by bradykinin too, indicating that kinins can lower cardiac preload by increasing venous blood pooling.
- Published
- 1992
33. Hemodynamic effects of bradykinin on systemic and pulmonary circulation in healthy and hypertensive humans
- Author
-
G, Bönner, S, Preis, U, Schunk, C, Toussaint, and W, Kaufmann
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pulmonary Circulation ,Captopril ,Hemodynamics ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Blood Pressure ,Middle Aged ,Bradykinin ,Enalapril ,Heart Rate ,Lisinopril ,Hypertension ,Humans ,Female ,Vascular Resistance ,Angiotensin I ,Cardiac Output - Abstract
In our studies, we investigated the vasodepressor effects of bradykinin in vivo in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Bradykinin was injected intravenously and intra-arterially (40-6,050 pM/kg) and was infused intra-arterially (40-6,050 pM/kg/min). The investigations were performed in 21 normotensive and 15 hypertensive patients. Bradykinin injections were performed after the following pharmacological interventions: salt restriction (10 mmol of Na/day), salt loading (300 mmol of Na/day), captopril (50 mg), ramipril (5 mg), lisinopril (20 mg), ketotifen (2 X 1 mg), indomethacin (2 X 50 mg), and propranolol (80 mg). The results show that bradykinin lowers blood pressure in a dose-related manner by marked reduction in peripheral vascular resistance. The blood pressure reduction was strongly correlated with the increase in kinin concentration. This effect of bradykinin appears to be independent of changes in sodium metabolism, beta-adrenoceptors, histamine-1 receptors, and prostaglandins. ACE inhibitors protentiate the blood pressure-lowering effect of bradykinin approximately 20- to 50-fold. In the case of intra-arterial injection of bradykinin, only 2-5% of the intravenously used dose of bradykinin are needed to produce an identical fall in blood pressure. From these experiments, a pulmonary clearance rate of bradykinin of over 95% can be calculated. In the pulmonary arteries, bradykinin has no effect on vascular resistance. In patients suffering from primary or renovascular hypertension, the blood pressure response to bradykinin was enhanced. The bradykinin potentiating effect of the ACE inhibitors was not altered in the hypertensives. In patients suffering from borderline hypertension or primary hyperaldosteronism, bradykinin caused the same blood pressure lowering effect as in the normotensives.
- Published
- 1990
34. Maternal influenza vaccination: Making it a priority
- Author
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P. Buchy, S. Badur, G. Kassianos, S. Preiss, and J.S. Tam
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2020
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35. Obstruction of the lumen of a plastic 15-mm connector inserted into a cut paediatric tube-is it possible to avoid this damage?
- Author
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I S Preis and C A Preis
- Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Lumen (anatomy) ,Anatomy ,business - Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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36. Einflüsse von Bradykinin auf die systemische und die pulmonale Hämodynamik am Menschen
- Author
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U. Schunk, G. Wambach, G. Bönner, S. Preis, and T. Toussaint
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Ramipril ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Bradykinin ,Captopril ,General Medicine ,Propranolol ,Kinin ,medicine.disease ,Renovascular hypertension ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood pressure ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Vascular resistance ,Molecular Medicine ,business ,Genetics (clinical) ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In our studies we investigated the vasodepressor effects of bradykinin in vivo in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Bradykinin was injected intravenously and intraarterially (40–6050 pM/kg) respectively was infused intraarterially (40–6050 pM/kg/min). The investigations were performed in 21 normotensives and 15 hypertensives. Bradykinin injections were performed after the following pharmacological interventions: salt restriction (10 mmol Na/d), salt loading (300 mmol Na/d), captopril (50 mg), ramipril (5 mg), lisinopril (20 mg), ketotifen (2×1 mg), indomethacin (2×50 mg), and propranolol (80 mg). The results show that bradykinin lowers blood pressure dose related by marked reduction in peripheral vascular resistance. The blood pressure reduction was strongly correlated with the increase in kinin concentration. This effect of bradykinin appears to be independent of changes in sodium metabolism, of betaadrenoceptors, of histamin-1 receptors, and of prostaglandins. ACE-inhibitors potentiate the blood pressure lowering effect of bradykinin about 20- to 50-fold. In case of an intraarterial injection of bradykin in only 2–5% of the intravenously used dose of bradykinin are needed to produce an identical fall in blood pressure. From this experiments a pulmonary clearance rate of bradykinin over 95% can be calculated. In the pulmonary arteries bradykinin has no effect on the vascular resistance. In patients suffering from primary or renovascular hypertension the blood pressure response to bradykinin was enhanced. The bradykinin potentiating effect of the ACE-inhibitors was not altered in the hypertensives. In patients suffering from borderline hypertension or primary hyperaldosteronism bradykinin developed the same blood pressure lowering effect as in the normotensives.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Spontaneous Minced Cartilage Procedure for Unexpectedly Large Femoral Condyle Surface Defect
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G. M. Salzmann, G. A. Baumann, and S. Preiss
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Articular cartilage defects at the knee joint are being identified and treated with increasing frequency. Chondrocytes may have strongest potential to generate high-quality repair tissue within the defective region, in particular when large diameter defects are present. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is not available in every country. We present a case where we spontaneously covered an acute cartilage defect, which was significantly larger than expected and loose during initial arthroscopic inspection after reading preoperative MRI, by mincing the separated fragment and directly implanting the autologous cartilage chips into the defective region.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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38. Infecção transplacentária e intrauterina por Brucella abortus em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis)
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Melina G.S. Sousa, Felipe M. Salvarani, Henrique A. Bomjardim, Antonio A. Fonseca Jr, Ingred S. Preis, Marilene F. Brito, Rômulo C. Leite, and José D. Barbosa
- Subjects
Brucelose ,búfalos ,Bubalus bubalis ,Brucella abortus ,infecção transplacentária ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de Brucella abortus e as lesões causadas por esse agente nos anexos fetais e nos fetos de búfalas. Para isso, 20 búfalas em diversos meses de gestação, sorologicamente positivas para brucelose, foram submetidas ao abate sanitário. A idade fetal foi determinada através de exames ultrassonográficos associados à mensuração dos fetos durante a necropsia. Do útero fechado desses animais foram coletadas amostras para histopatologia e qPCR. A partir do segundo mês de gestação foi possível detectar a presença de DNA de B. abortus em líquido amniótico, líquido alantoide e em útero e, a partir do quinto mês, na placenta, coração, baço, rim, pulmão, intestino, fígado e linfonodos dos fetos. Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram placentite fibrinopurulenta necrótica e endometrite supurativa crônica.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis in large multi-age egg layer chicken flocks in Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ingred S. Preis, Juliana F.V. Braga, Rodrigo M. Couto, Bruno S.A.F. Brasil, Nelson R.S. Martins, and Roselene Ecco
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Galinhas de postura ,laringotraqueite infecciosa das aves ,herpesvirus tipo 1 dos galináceos ,histopatologia ,PCR convencional ,sequenciamento ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
A recent (November 2010) outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in a multi-age laying hen facility in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, is described. Previous ILT outbreak in laying hens was only notified in São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2002. In the outbreak described here, the affected population was approximately eight million hens, with flock sizes ranging from 100,000 to 2,900,000 chickens. The average mortality ranged from 1 to 6%, and morbidity was around 90% (most of the twenty seven farms of the area were positive for ILT virus). Three multi-age laying farms from one company were selected for this report. Clinical signs included prostration, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, occasional swelling of the paranasal sinuses and bloody mucous nasal discharge. Severely affected chickens presented with dyspnea, gasping and became cyanotic before death. At necropsy, these chickens had fibrinous exudate blocking the larynx and the lumen of cranial part of the trachea. In addition, conjunctivitis with intense hyperemia, edema and sinuses with caseous exudate were present. On histopathology, there were marked necrosis and desquamation of respiratory ephitelium and conjunctiva with numerous syncytial cells formation and fibrinous exudate. Moderate to marked non suppurative (especially lymphocytes and plasma cells) infiltration in the lamina propria also was observed. Sixteen out of 20 examined chickens, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the syncytial cells. The DNA extracted from larynx and trachea produced positive PCR results for ILT virus (ILTV) DNA using formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. Amplicons from a small region of ICP4 gene were submitted to sequencing and showed 100% identity with ILTV EU104910.1 (USA strain), 99% with ILTV JN596963.1 (Australian strain) and 91% with ILTV JN580316.1 (Gallid herpesvirus 1 CEO vaccine strain) and JN580315.1 (Gallid herpesvirus 1 TCO vaccine strain).
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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