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In a study conducted across an urban school district, we tested a classroom-based intervention in which students were taught online evaluation strategies drawn from research with professional fact checkers. Students practiced the heuristic of "lateral reading": leaving an unfamiliar website to search the open Web before investing attention in the site at hand. Professional development was provided to high school teachers who then implemented six 50-minute lessons in a district-mandated government course. Using a matched control design, students in treatment classrooms (n = 271) were compared to peers (n = 228) in regular classrooms. A multilevel linear mixed model showed that students in experimental classrooms grew significantly in their ability to judge the credibility of digital content. These findings inform efforts to prepare young people to make wise decisions about the information that darts across their screens.

Calculus is traditionally tested, at least in part, by a closed book written examination taken under secure conditions. In March 2020, two-thirds of the way through a vector calculus course, our institution went into lockdown and all teaching and assessment had to shift online. While some teachers insisted that remotely written non-proctored examinations remain closed book, we accepted that this would result in inequity, with some students certainly choosing to flout that rule should it be imposed, to their advantage over their classmates. Driven by circumstance, we were forced to design a vector calculus examination that would be written open book and 'open internet' with access to online calculators and computer graphing packages. Proficiency at vector calculus is exhibited far more in the interpretation of information and effective decision-making than in the computational solving of integrals. In this article, we shall present and discuss our experiences, address the challenge of non-proctored examinations and argue for the merit of open book examinations in an otherwise standard vector calculus course.

The article focuses on latent meanings and semantic nuances in patriotic blogs on the open Zen Internet platform; first, the motivating incentives to enter into communication and, secondly, the verbally manifested emotions and emotional states of the authors of comments and responses to them were revealed. The research task was to obtain data that allows understanding and forecasting trends and the vector of development of socially significant processes that are influenced (may be influenced) by communication interactions in the blogs selected for study. A set of complementary methods was used: motive-target analysis and content analysis. The dominant incentive for the authors of the analyzed blogs to enter into communication was the desire to anal yze in detail the factual and moral aspects of the events and problems covered and to give a personal forecast taking into account the interests of the country. The dominant incentive of the authors of the response comments turned out to be the desire to get an assessment of the problems that concern them, to report their point of view and, most importantly, to get hope for a favorable outcome. A typical latent semantic feature for all participants of communication, which allows positive forecasts and optimism, is confidence in the effectiveness of moral principles, following which will lead to the desired result. The content analysis data recorded a high level of optimism, gaining confidence and relieving anxiety among the authors of comments and responses to them. The complex of the data obtained allows us to conclude that the analyzed blogs have a high potential in optimizing the processes of social adaptation both among the direct participants of communication and within the socio-cultural group that they conventionally represent. The data obtained can be used in making operational managerial, political, socio-cultural and other decisions.

Purpose: to analyze social media messages of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), or their careers in order to investigates the patients’ opinion in the condition of real clinical routine. Material and methods. Real-life anonymized stories of patients from Russian-language open Internet sources (forums, social networks in Russia) were processed by artificial intelligence techniques: the technologies of automated analysis of unstructured natural language texts, including semantic technologies. In these messages, patients and their careers (mainly, family members) openly and in an ‘uncensored’ way share their experience in diagnostics and treatment while looking for a second opinion or supporting each other. They use general social networks as well as specific disease-related forums or Q&A portals. We identified 73 098 DR/nAMD-related posts, including 13 138 posts by 844 DR patients and 358 posts by 212 nAMD patients. The posts were analyzed in several steps with the technologies of automated analysis of unstructured natural language texts including semantic technologies aimed at processing large volumes of data. The semantic analysis of texts dealt with the whole meaning rather than individual keywords. Results. We obtained information on the patients’ characteristics and treatment plans of retinal diseases in real practice but also on the patients’ attitude to their condition, diagnostic and curative procedures, their needs and difficulties experienced during treatment. The nAMD and DR patients have a low level of Internet activity and poor awareness of these diseases as compared with the patients suffering from non-ophthalmological diseases with lower prevalence (breast cancer, multiple sclerosis, etc.) or other ophthalmological disorders. Most of the content for DR was produced by the patients’ relatives (82.6 % of messages), and for nAMD — by the patients themselves (65 %). The key item for DR patients was diabetic microvascular manifestations (over 42 000 posts discussed ‘diabetic foot’ and only 681 ‘diabetic retinopathy’). Quality of life (QoL) was shown to be significantly affected with inability to work as a major burden for 30 % of nAMD patients, and diabetes-associated comorbidities as a key factor compromising QoL in 20 % of DR patients. In nAMD patients, the average time-to-diagnosis after disease manifestation was 1 year (35 % patients reported 1–2 months), in DR, over a half of the messages mentioned 1–2 years. The key reasons for visiting the clinics included in-depth eye exams (OCT mentioned by 59 % of nAMD patients) and treatment (24.1 %). Only 33.2 % of nAMD patients and 7 % of DR patients noted that they received anti-VEGFs. Treatment unaffordability is one of the key barriers. The patients lack clear understanding of the prognosis and effective treatment options. Conclusion. The study revealed low activity and awareness of nAMD and DR patients with regard to their diseases. This justifies the need of increasing computer literacy and awareness of effective treatment options and efficacy criteria not only in patients, but also in their younger relatives. The results confirm that, among the studied group of retinal patients, vision-related quality of life is compromised. We need to change at least several aspects of nAMD and DR patients’ management: reducing the time to diagnosis, prescribing effective treatment options and increasing the availability of these options.

The possibility of direct communication between a huge number of non-public people on the open Internet platform, coupled with the ability to observe this process, which is being implemented by even more people, is the catalyst for the emergence of virtual socio-cultural worlds – conditional groups that are united by a single meaning and value field. Motive-target analysis of comments and feedback on comments on the open Internet platform “Zen” showed that one of the key semantic messages, which encourages a huge number of our compatriots to respond on the Internet and thus the manifestation of the most significant, essential points of their worldview, is the leitmotif of the importance of moral values and the requirements of their conformity at all levels of social and personal life. The mass participation of our compatriots in communication interactions on open Internet platforms is a variant of civic participation in its new, modern form, in which optimal conditions for self-determination, social adaptation and socialization arise. The key to the social significance of the meanings “living” here are the key supports for a person and society associated with traditional moral values, ideas and traditions. Control by state regulatory structures over the criteria for assessing blogs that analyze socio-political events and problems seems appropriate and socially significant. The reasons for their closure (“banning”) should be understandable, reasonable and transparent for all participants in communication interactions.

Active control of photosynthetic activities is important in plant physiological study. Although models of plant photosynthesis have been built at different scales, they have not been fully examined for their application in plant growth control. However, we do not have an infrastructure to support such experiments since current plant growth chambers usually use fixed control protocols. In our current paper, an open IoT-based framework is proposed. This framework allows a plant scientist or agricultural engineer, through an application programming interface (API), in a desirable programming language, (1) to gather environmental data and plant physiological responses; (2) to program and execute control algorithms based on their models, and then (3) to implement real-time commands to control environmental factors. A plant growth chamber was developed to demonstrate the concept of the proposed open framework.

In today’s digital era, the demand for uninterrupted and efficient data streaming is paramount across various sectors, from entertainment to industrial automation. While the traditional single-path solutions often fell short in ensuring rapid and consistent data transfers, Multipath TCP (MPTCP) emerges as a promising alternative, enabling simultaneous data transfer across multiple network paths. The efficacy of MPTCP, however, hinges on the choice of appropriate congestion control (CC) algorithms. Addressing the present knowledge gap, this research provides a thorough evaluation of key MPTCP CC algorithms in the context of streaming applications in open Internet environments. Our findings reveal that BALIA stands out as the most suitable choice for MPTCP streaming, adeptly balancing waiting time, throughput, and Head-of-Line blocking reduction. Conversely, the wVegas algorithm, with its delay-centric approach, proves less adequate for multipath streaming. This study underscores the imperative to fine-tune MPTCP for streaming applications, at the same time offering insights for future development areas and innovations.

The discussion of the need to establish a 'right to the internet', ongoing now for over thirty years, has not brought about a clear resolution. Despite the growing importance of online services to both the economy and social life, there is no consensus on the limits of such a right, nor on the need to define it at all—not to mention controversy over its inclusion in the catalogue of fundamental rights. However, the discussion about the right to internet access in the context of the EU legal system now seems obsolete. This is so, because—not through the direct modernisation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights but as part of new telecommunications legislation—a new subjective right, called the right to open internet, has emerged. The aim of this Article is to clarify the content of this right and its relationship to the principle of network neutrality. Against this background, recent judgments of the Court of Justice will be examined and discussed. Although closely related to the telecommunications market, these judgments may serve as a starting point for further discussion on the meaning of the right to open internet in the EU legal system, including its relation to the protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many natural conditions in the world, such as floods and earthquakes that cause major accidents. The actual question is how to anticipate and predict such events, which enables us to prepare ourselves in advance. We are interested in the advance classification of incoming calls to the smart city 112 public safety system for Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia, and the whole country. We used open Internet of Things data for Ljubljana and the whole of Slovenia for the years 2013–2016. Using different classification methods, different models were obtained and compared with each other. We have provided a report on how accurate the forecasts are and what classification result differences occur when different models or data of the capital city or the whole of Slovenia are used. The results obtained are a sound basis for further work on improving the classification in advance of incoming calls to the smart city 112 public safety system.

Video service is an important service for telecom operators.The advantages and disadvantages among IPTV,OTT TV and IPTV+OTT convergent architecture were compared,then the evolution direction of video service technology architecture of telecom operators was presented.Internet-1ike IPTV is either open and intelligent like OTT TV,or easy to operate and differentiated on service like IPTV.The evolution strategies of some key technologies,such as video codec,stream transportation,CDN,multicast,user interface,and end-to-end quality assurance,were proposed.

Article 13 of the Proposed Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market' (DSMD) and the accompanying Recital 38 are amongst the most controversial parts of the European Commission's copyright reform package. Several Members States (Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands2 and Germany3) have submitted questions seeking clarification on aspects that are essential to the guarantee of fundamental rights in the EU and to the future of the Internet as an open communication medium. The following recommendation urges European lawmakers-the Council and the Parliament alike-to consider these questions seriously. In the light of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice, it offers guidelines and background information with regard to the issues raised by the Member States: the compatibility of the proposed new legislation with the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the relation with the safe harbour provisions in arts 14 and 15 of the E-Commerce Directive, the relation with the concept of communication to the public in art. 3 of the Information Society Directive and the objective to compensate authors and performers for the use of their works and performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An enormous amount of information relevant to public health is being generated directly by online communities. Objective: To explore the feasibility of creating a dataset that links patient-reported outcomes data, from a Web-based survey of US patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) recruited on open Internet platforms, to health care utilization information from health care claims databases. The dataset was generated by linkage analysis to a broader MS population in the United States using both pharmacy and medical claims data sources. Methods: US Facebook users with an interest in MS were alerted to a patient-reported survey by targeted advertisements. Eligibility criteria were diagnosis of MS by a specialist (primary progressive, relapsing-remitting, or secondary progressive), ≥12-month history of disease, age 18-65 years, and commercial health insurance. Participants completed a questionnaire including data on demographic and disease characteristics, current and earlier therapies, relapses, disability, health-related quality of life, and employment status and productivity. A unique anonymous profile was generated for each survey respondent. Each anonymous profile was linked to a number of medical and pharmacy claims datasets in the United States. Linkage rates were assessed and survey respondents’ representativeness was evaluated based on differences in the distribution of characteristics between the linked survey population and the general MS population in the claims databases. Results: The advertisement was placed on 1,063,973 Facebook users’ pages generating 68,674 clicks, 3719 survey attempts, and 651 successfully completed surveys, of which 440 could be linked to any of the claims databases for 2014 or 2015 (67.6% linkage rate). Overall, no significant differences were found between patients who were linked and not linked for educational status, ethnicity, current or prior disease-modifying therapy (DMT) treatment, or presence of a relapse in the last 12 months. The frequencies of the most common MS symptoms did not differ significantly between linked patients and the general MS population in the databases. Linked patients were slightly younger and less likely to be men than those who were not linkable. Conclusions: Linking patient-reported outcomes data, from a Web-based survey of US patients with MS recruited on open Internet platforms, to health care utilization information from claims databases may enable rapid generation of a large population of representative patients with MS suitable for outcomes analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web of Objects uses a semantic ontology to create and provide knowledge-based Internet of Things services in terms of virtual objects and composite virtual objects. The objects are created through virtualization with the use of semantic ontology to form the virtual objects, where multiple virtual objects are combined to form the composite virtual objects to offer the services. Beacon-enabled Web of Objects is the extension of the existing web that allows the beacon to broadcast the uniform resource identifier of the real-world object to the nearer mobile devices. Based on the user selection and request, the service is handled and offered by the Web of Objects platform; thus, an architecture on the beacon-enabled Web of Objects has been proposed in this article. To offer the knowledge-based services, a knowledge creation model has been presented. To realize the knowledge-based service features on the proposed architecture, a use case scenario has been presented and a conceptual semantic ontology model has been designed. Finally, to assess the features, a prototype has been implemented and demonstrated on the use case scenario.

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In today's digital era, the demand for uninterrupted and efficient data streaming is paramount across various sectors, from entertainment to industrial automation. While the traditional single-path solutions often fell short in ensuring rapid and consistent data transfers, Multipath TCP (MPTCP) emerges as a promising alternative, enabling simultaneous data transfer across multiple network paths. The efficacy of MPTCP, however, hinges on the choice of appropriate congestion control (CC) algorithms. Addressing the present knowledge gap, this research provides a thorough evaluation of key MPTCP CC algorithms in the context of streaming applications in open Internet environments. Our findings reveal that BALIA stands out as the most suitable choice for MPTCP streaming, adeptly balancing waiting time, throughput, and Head-of-Line blocking reduction. Conversely, the wVegas algorithm, with its delay-centric approach, proves less adequate for multipath streaming. This study underscores the imperative to fine-tune MPTCP for streaming applications, at the same time offering insights for future development areas and innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Policy & Internet is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the extent to which the decision of the Washington, D.C. Circuit in the case Comcast v. FCC limits the authority of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authority to implement the transparency protection defined in its Final Rules, "Preserving the Open Internet," which took effect on November 20, 2011. Topics discussed include elements of the Rules that FCC may have limited authority with and unique aspects of the transparency requirement.

The article discusses issues concerning the efficacy of the Open Internet Order adopted by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) which governs the operation of broadband Internet service providers (ISPs). It explores the problems associated with such order, and suggests that the FCC should develop an information collection requirement to improve transparency on network management practices. Also described is the legal authority of the FCC in implementing a mandatory data collection.

The article reports that the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted Net Neutrality Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) while it voted to adopt Net Neutrality Report and Order (R&O). It says that the Net Neutrality NPRM seeks public comment on whether FCC must adopt neutrality rules that would limit broadband Internet access providers. Meanwhile, it notes that Net Neutrality R&O will implement regulations on fixed and mobile broadband providers.

The open internet and net neutrality are intertwined. People debate whether net neutrality safeguards part of the open internet or not. The commercial aspect is paramount. Zero rating is one of these practices that is often discussed, especially in relation to developing countries. The open internet regulation addresses commercial practices. It is, however, vague and can be interpreted in multiple ways. To answer the question if zero rating is going against net neutrality or if it enables net neutrality, five case studies were analysed and 18 experts interviewed. To support the case studies, documents were analysed. In certain circumstances, it is useful to zero rate information. Zero rating mostly violates net neutrality and the open internet, because of its imbedded discrimination. Some zero rating offers are beneficial and do not harm competition. This mostly concerns offers evolving around e-learning, health and government information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the dissemination of online content is necessary and must be underpinned by human rights standards. It is up to the states to ensure responses anchored in sustainable governance models for the protection of people's rights. The purpose of the research is to identify the national communication policies implemented in the Andean countries between 2018 and 2022 that enable the adoption of the principles for a free, open and inclusive internet, as expressed by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights' Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. The research is descriptive and relational, using qualitative methodology through content analysis and semi-structured interviews. The adoption of standards is carried out, thanks to the guidance of international organizations. The humanistic vision that regulations should have is highlighted, and the aim should be to promote people's rights in order to achieve better levels of progress and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]