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The accurate timing for collision avoidance actions is crucial for preventing maritime collisions. Traditional methods often rely on collision risk assessments, using quantitative indicators like the Distance to the Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and the Time to the Closest Point of Approach (TCPA). Ship Officers on Watch (OOWs) are required to execute avoidance maneuvers once these indicators reach or exceed preset safety thresholds. However, the effectiveness of these indicators is limited by uncertainties in the maritime environment and the human behaviors of OOWs. To address these limitations, this study introduces a machine learning method to learn collision avoidance behavior from empirical data of ship collision avoidance, particularly in cross-encounter situations. The research utilizes Automatic Identification System (AIS) data from the open waters around Ningbo Zhoushan Port. After data preprocessing and applying spatio-temporal constraints, this study identifies ship trajectory pairs in crossing scenarios and calculates their relative motion parameters. The Douglas–Peucker algorithm is used to identify the timing of ship collision avoidance actions and a collision avoidance decision dataset is constructed. The Random Forest algorithm was then used to analyze the factors affecting the timing of collision avoidance, and six key factors were identified: the distance, relative speed, relative bearing, DCPA, TCPA, and the ratio of the lengths of the giving-way and stand-on ships. These factors serve as inputs for the XGBoost algorithm model, which is enhanced with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and thus constructing a ship collision avoidance decision model. In addition, considering the inherent errors in any model and the dynamic nature of the ship collision avoidance process, an action time window for collision avoidance is introduced, which provides a more flexible time range for ships to make timely collision avoidance responses based on actual conditions and the specific encounter environment. This model provides OOWs with accurate timing for taking collision avoidance decisions. Case studies have validated the practicality and effectiveness of this model, offering new theoretical foundations and practical guidance for maritime collision avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cutaneous wound healing, an overproduction of inflammatory chemokines and bacterial infections impedes the process. Hydrogels can maintain a physiologically moist microenvironment, absorb chemokines, prevent bacterial infection, inhibit bacterial reproduction, and facilitate wound healing at a wound site. The development of hydrogels provides a novel treatment strategy for the entire wound repair process. Here, a series of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi polysaccharide extracts loaded with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and pectin hydrogels were successfully fabricated through the freeze–thaw method. A hydrogel containing a 1% mixing weight ratio of FLL-E (named PVA-P-FLL-E1) demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties such as swellability, water retention, degradability, porosity, 00drug release, transparency, and adhesive strength. Notably, this hydrogel exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. Moreover, the crosslinked hydrogel, PVA-P-FLL-E1, displayed multifunctional attributes, including significant antibacterial properties, earlier re-epithelialization, production of few inflammatory cells, the formation of collagen fibers, deposition of collagen I, and faster remodeling of the ECM. Consequently, the PVA-P-FLL-E1 hydrogel stands out as a promising wound dressing due to its superior formulation and enhanced healing effects in wound care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been progressively implementing stricter regulations on ship carbon emissions, leading to many vessels adopting the virtual arrival (VA) method to reduce their carbon footprint. However, the effectiveness of the traditional VA method often varies in busy ports with complex traffic organization scenarios. To address this, our study presents a novel, comprehensive model that integrates vessel scheduling with the VA approach. This model is designed to achieve a dual objective: reducing carbon emissions through virtual arrival while simultaneously minimizing vessel waiting times. In addition to these goals, it incorporates essential aspects of safety, efficiency, and fairness in port management, utilizing the NSGA-2 algorithm to find optimal solutions. This model has been tested and validated through a case study at Ningbo-Zhoushan port, employing its dataset. The results demonstrate that our innovative model and algorithm significantly outperform traditional scheduling methods, such as First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) and Virtual-Arrival Last-Serve (VALS), particularly in terms of operational efficiency and reduction in vessel carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous thromboembolic complications (VTCs), which include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), have remained a pressing problem in modern clinical medicine for a long time. Despite the already wide arsenal of modern methods for diagnosing and treating this disease, VTCs rank third in the structure of causes of death among all cardiovascular diseases, behind myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke (IS). Numerous studies have confirmed the importance of understanding the molecular processes of VTCs for effective therapy and diagnosis. Significant progress has been made in VTC research in recent years, where the relative contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the mechanism of thrombus formation and their consideration as therapeutic targets have been well studied. In this case, accurate, timely, and as early as possible diagnosis of VTCs is of particular importance, which will help improve both short-term and long-term prognoses of patients. This case accounts for the already well-studied circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers. This study presents currently available literature data on the role of miRNAs in VTCs, revealing their potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic and prognostic tools for this terrible disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify and analyze the significant risk factors contributing to accidents involving fishing vessels, a crucial step towards enhancing safety and promoting sustainable practices in the fishing industry. Using a data-driven Bayesian network (BN) model that incorporates feature selection through the random forest (RF) method, we explore these key factors and their interconnected relationships. A review of past academic studies and accident investigation reports from the Fishery Mutual Insurance Association (FMIA) revealed 17 such factors. We then used the random forest model to rank these factors by importance, selecting 11 critical ones to build the Bayesian network model. The data-driven Bayesian network (BN) model is further utilized to delve deeper into the central factors influencing fishing vessel accidents. Upon validation, the study results show that incorporating the random forest feature selection method enhances the simplicity, reliability, and precision of the BN model. This finding is supported by a thorough performance evaluation and scenario analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review outlines the data of numerous studies relating to the broad-spectrum antiviral drug Triazavirin that was launched on the Russian pharmaceutical market in 2014 as an anti-influenza drug (the international non-patented name is Riamilovir). The range of antiviral activity of Triazavirin has been significantly expanded during recent years; in particular, it has been shown that Triazavirin exhibits activity against tick-borne encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, West Nile fever, and other infections of viral etiology. This drug has been approved for treatment of influenza and acute respiratory infections by the Russian Ministry of Health on the basis of comprehensive clinical trials involving over 450 patients. Triazavirin was found to be a highly effective and well-tolerated drug, allowing its over-the-counter sale. The recently published data on the use of Triazavirin in clinical practice for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 are discussed, with special attention paid to potential biological targets for this drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increase in wind power accessing power system in recent years, the low-frequency oscillation of power system is more complicated. Therefore, a new adaptive switching control method combined with a nonlinear system is proposed for the complex operating conditions of the grid-connected power system. Firstly, this method decomposes the low-frequency oscillation control problem of the power system into two parts, which are the linear system control and the nonlinear system control. Then, in the linear system control part, the iterative identification method is used to control this part. In the nonlinear system control part, the nonlinear term is decomposed into a combination of the previous beating measurable and the nonlinear estimation increment. Secondly, the nonlinear system is divided into three different operating conditions by the nonlinear estimation increment. Thus, four different adaptive controllers are obtained. Then, the designed controller is switched according to the controlled object with four controllers by the switching function, which not only ensures the stability of the closed-loop system, but also improves the control performance of the controller under different operating conditions. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified, and the controller can fit the control efficiency of the real power system well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial infection is one of the greatest challenges to public health, a crisis demanding the next generation of highly effective antibacterial agents to specifically target MDR bacteria. Herein, a novel photocatalytic quantum dot (QD)‐armed bacteriophage (QD@Phage) is reported for combating green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GFP‐P. aeruginosa) infection. The proposed QD@Phage nanosystem not only specifically binds to the host GFP‐P. aeruginosa while preserving the infectivity of the phage itself, but also shows a superior capacity for synergistic bacterial killing by phage and by the photocatalytic localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from anchored QD components. Notably, this highly targeted QD@Phage nanosystem achieves robust in vitro antibacterial elimination for both planktonic (over 99.9%) and biofilm (over 99%) modes of growth. In a mouse wound infection model, this system also shows remarkable activity in eliminating the wound infection and promoting its recovery. These results demonstrate that the novel QD@Phage nanosystem can diversify the existing pool of antibacterial agents and inspire the development of promising therapeutic strategies against MDR bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resident memory T lymphocytes (TRM) of epithelial tissues and the Bm protect their host tissue. To what extent these cells are mobilized and contribute to systemic immune reactions is less clear. Here, we show that in secondary immune reactions to the measles‐mumps‐rubella (MMR) vaccine, CD4+ TRM are mobilized into the blood within 16 to 48 h after immunization in humans. This mobilization of TRM is cognate: TRM recognizing other antigens are not mobilized, unless they cross‐react with the vaccine. We also demonstrate through methylome analyses that TRM are mobilized from the Bm. These mobilized cells make significant contribution to the systemic immune reaction, as evidenced by their T‐cell receptor Vβ clonotypes represented among the newly generated circulating memory T‐cells, 14 days after vaccination. Thus, TRM of the Bm confer not only local, but also systemic immune memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a common degenerative chronic metabolic disease often accompanied by severe cardiovascular complications (DCCs) as major causes of death in diabetic patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) as the most common DCC. The metabolic disturbance in DCM generates the conditions/substrates and inducers/triggers and activates the signaling molecules and death executioners leading to cardiomyocyte death which accelerates the development of DCM and the degeneration of DCM to heart failure. Various forms of programmed active cell death including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and entosis have been identified and characterized in many types of cardiac disease. Evidence has also been obtained for the presence of multiple forms of cell death in DCM. Most importantly, published animal experiments have demonstrated that suppression of cardiomyocyte death of any forms yields tremendous protective effects on DCM. Herein, we provide the most updated data on the subject of cell death in DCM, critical analysis of published results focusing on the pathophysiological roles of cell death, and pertinent perspectives of future studies. This review article provides the research evidence for the presence and role of various types of cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as the perspectives of future studies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanopatterned poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layers fabricated by soft-nanoimprint were applied to CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) light-emitting diodes to enhance light extraction. The electric field distribution of MAPbBr3 devices with different periods of the nanopatterned PEDOT:PSS was calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method, demonstrating that the 400-nm period was more effective in improving light outcoupling. By integrating the nanopatterned PEDOT:PSS layer, the external quantum efficiency of the device increased from 6.5% to 10.3%. It can be attributed to the fact that the nanopatterned structure reduced the refractive index discontinuity at the interface between MAPbBr3 and PEDOT:PSS, thereby reducing light trapping in the waveguide mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Aspiration thrombectomy is an effective method of recanalizing large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, the efficacy of a direct aspiration first-pass technique (ADAPT) for recanalization of LVO of different etiologies is not properly understood. Methods: The prospectively collected database on ADAPT was reviewed retrospectively. We defined two groups of enrolled patients: the embolism-related occlusions (EMB-O) group and the intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS)-related occlusion (ICAS-O) group. Baseline characteristics, procedural variables, and post-procedural variables were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify first-pass recanalization predictors. Results: Of 114 registered patients, 94 were eligible for this study (51 patients in the EMB-O group and 43 patients in the ICAS-O group). Achieving successful reperfusion immediately after direct aspiration was more frequent in the EMB-O group than in the ICAS-O group (64.71 vs. 27.91%, respectively, p = 0.006), with fewer additional rescue treatments needed (35.29 vs. 70.09%, respectively, p = 0.001). The EMB-O group also showed a higher final successful reperfusion rate (96.8 vs. 74.41%, p = 0.006). However, the 90-day good functional outcomes were not affected by the groups. Independent predictors of first-pass success of aspiration included the isolated middle cerebral artery site of occlusion, embolic etiology, and use of larger bore catheters. Conclusions: The efficacy of ADAPT recanalization approach was better in EMB-O than in ICAS-O. In case of embolic etiology and the isolated MCA site of occlusion, using a larger aspiration catheter for direct aspiration thrombectomy may be reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in adolescence. Lately, light‐emitting diodes (LED)‐based therapy has emerged as a new promising approach for several diseases. However, it remains unknown in human OS. Here, we found that the blue LED irradiation significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of human OS cells, while we observed blue LED irradiation increased ROS production through increased NADPH oxidase enzymes NOX2 and NOX4, as well as decreased Catalase (CAT) expression levels. Furthermore, we revealed blue LED irradiation‐induced autophagy characterized by alterations in autophagy protein markers including Beclin‐1, LC3‐II/LC3‐I and P62. Moreover, we demonstrated an enhanced autophagic flux. The blockage of autophagy displayed a remarkable attenuation of anti‐tumour activities of blue LED irradiation. Next, ROS scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) and NOX inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) blocked suppression of OS cell growth, indicating that ROS accumulation might play an essential role in blue LED‐induced autophagic OS cell death. Additionally, we observed blue LED irradiation decreased EGFR activation (phosphorylation), which in turn led to Beclin‐1 release and subsequent autophagy activation in OS cells. Analysis of EGFR colocalization with Beclin‐1 and EGFR‐immunoprecipitation (IP) assay further revealed the decreased interaction of EGFR and Beclin‐1 upon blue LED irradiation in OS cells. In addition, Beclin‐1 down‐regulation abolished the effects of blue LED irradiation on OS cells. Collectively, we concluded that blue LED irradiation exhibited anti‐tumour effects on OS by triggering ROS and EGFR/Beclin‐1‐mediated autophagy signalling pathway, representing a potential approach for human OS treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new growth method for BaSi2 thin film has been developed by co-sputtering Ba and Si to solve the problem that it is difficult to sputter BaSi2 epitaxial films by a single BaSi2 target. A template layer was first optimized for the subsequent BaSi2 deposition. X-ray diffraction results revealed that BaSi2 epitaxial films with high crystalline quality have been achieved under different growth temperatures between 500 °C–600 °C and different growth rates from 9.37–16.7 nm min−1. Compared with molecular beam epitaxy, the growth rate of BaSi2 was increased by more than one order of magnitude. The new growth method provides a high-speed, low-cost way for the growth of high-quality BaSi2 thin films. BaSi2-based devices such as an n-BaSi2/p-Si heterojunction diode and a Ag/n-BaSi2 Schottky junction diode were also fabricated. We demonstrated the obvious rectifying properties in these junctions, which will be a guide to design and fabricate BaSi2 thin-film solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies in animal models have shown that skin tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide enhanced and immediate effector function at the site of infection. However, analyses of skin TRM cells in humans have been hindered by the lack of an optimized isolation protocol. Here, we present a combinatorial strategy-the 6-h collagenase IV digestion and gentle tissue dissociation – for rapid and efficient isolation of skin TRM cells with skin tissue-specific immune features. In comparison with paired blood circulating memory T cells, these ex vivo isolated skin T cells express typical TRM cell markers and display higher polyfunctional properties. Moreover, these isolated cells can also be assessed for longer periods of time in ex vivo cultures. Thus, the optimized isolation protocol provides a valuable tool for further understanding of human skin TRM cells, especially for direct comparison with peripheral blood T cells at the same sample collection time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a self-powered broadband perovskite/silicon hybrid photodetector based on a novel heterostructure of Si/SnO2/MAPbI3/MoO3. The insertion of SnO2 and MoO3 was effective in reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. By optimizing the thickness of the SnO2 layer, the detection capabilities of the hybrid photodetectors were significantly improved. The best-performing photodetector had a 40 nm SnO2 layer, showing a detectivity of 2.23 × 1012 Jones with a responsivity of 50.9 mA W−1 at 815 nm and a photocurrent/dark current ratio of 3.37 × 104 under zero bias. Furthermore, the photodetectors were sensitive to broadband irradiation from 300 to 1150 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The valence band structures of a 35-nm-thick BaSi2 epitaxial film on Si(111) have been explored at room temperature by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The experimentally obtained photoelectron spectrum is well reproduced by first-principles calculations based on the pseudopotential method. The top of the valence band consists mainly of Si 3s and 3p states in BaSi2, suggesting that the effective mass of holes is small in BaSi2. This is favorable from the viewpoint of solar cell applications. The observed spectrum shifted slightly to the lower energy side due to n-type conductivity of BaSi2. The valence band top was observed at about 0.8 eV below the Fermi level in the HAXPES spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SF 6 /N 2 mixtures is considered as a practical alternative proposal of SF 6 in GIS and GIL. Simulating particle transportations and chemical reactions during the positive streamer propagation in SF 6 /N 2 mixtures assists in the insulation performance optimization of SF 6 /N 2 mixtures. This paper presents a fluid dynamic model coupled with the chemical reaction system for the positive streamer propagation in SF 6 /N 2 mixtures. The Townsend coefficients of the 20%SF 6 /80%N 2 mixture derived from the proposed chemical reaction system are in accordance with the measurement results. Based on this model, the propagation of the positive streamer in a 1 mm needle-plate gap in the 20%SF 6 /80%N 2 mixture is simulated. Simulated results indicate that there exists a negative space charge region in the streamer channel. It can be attributed to the increasing attachment rates of SF 6 yielding SF 5 − and SF 6 −, and the reduction of the ionization rates of N 2 and SF 6 in the streamer channel. Besides, it is noted that the ionization activities of N 2 and SF 6 at the streamer head are equally important to support the continuous propagation of the positive streamer. The ionization of N 2 in the streamer channel serves as an important factor to supply electrons and avoid the accumulation of the negative space charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma biomarkers are useful tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure (HF). In the last decade, numerous studies have aimed to identify novel HF biomarkers that would provide superior and/or additional diagnostic, prognostic, or stratification utility. Although numerous biomarkers have been identified, their implementation in clinical practice has so far remained largely unsuccessful. Whereas cardiac-specific biomarkers, including natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) and high sensitivity troponins (hsTn), are widely used in clinical practice, other biomarkers have not yet proven their utility. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) are the only novel HF biomarkers that are included in the ACC/AHA HF guidelines, but their clinical utility still needs to be demonstrated. In this review, we will describe natriuretic peptides, hsTn, and novel HF biomarkers, including Gal-3, sST2, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7), heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), soluble CD146 (sCD146), interleukin-6 (IL-6), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), procalcitonin (PCT), adrenomedullin (ADM), microRNAs (miRNAs), and metabolites like 5-oxoproline. We will discuss the biology of these HF biomarkers and conclude that most of them are markers of general pathological processes like fibrosis, cell death, and inflammation, and are not cardiac- or HF-specific. These characteristics explain to a large degree why it has been difficult to relate these biomarkers to a single disease. We propose that, in addition to clinical investigations, it will be pivotal to perform comprehensive preclinical biomarker investigations in animal models of HF in order to fully reveal the potential of these novel HF biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a known anti-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) reagent, whose clinical applications are limited by its serious cardiac toxicity and fatal adverse effects, such as sudden cardiac death resulting from long QT syndrome (LQTS). The mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmia due to ATO exposure still need to be elucidated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as major regulators of various pathophysiological processes. This study aimed to explore the involvement of lncRNAs in ATO-induced LQTS in vivo and in vitro. Methods: For in vivo experiments, mice were administered ATO through the tail vein. For in vitro experiments, ATO was added to the culture medium of primary cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. To evaluate the effect of lncRNA Kcnq1ot1, siRNA and lentivirus-shRNA were synthesized to knockdown lncRNA Kcnq1ot1.Results: After ATO treatment, the Kcnq1ot1 and Kcnq1 expression levels were down regulated. lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 knockdown prolonged the action potential duration (APD) in vitro and exerted LQTS in vivo. Correspondingly, Kcnq1 expression was decreased after silencing lncRNA Kcnq1ot1. However, the knockdown of Kcnq1 exerted no effect on lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 expression. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate that lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 downregulation is responsible for QT interval prolongation induced by ATO at least partially by repressing Kcnq1 expression. lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 has important pathophysiological functions in the heart and could become a novel antiarrhythmic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effect of the incorporation of O atoms into BaSi 2 films on their photoresponse properties. BaSi 2 films with higher O concentration exhibited higher photoresponsivity. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements showed that the O atoms were uniformly distributed in the BaSi 2 films, in contrast to our prediction that they would be mostly located around grain boundaries. First-principles calculations revealed that the O atoms occupy the interstitial sites known as the 4 c sites rather than substitutional sites. Moreover, they do not create localized states within the forbidden band gap, which indicates that O atoms incorporated into BaSi 2 are inactive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]