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Intraerythrocytic malaria parasites reside within a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) that closely overlays the parasite plasma membrane. Although the PVM is the site of several transport activities essential to parasite survival, the basis for organisation of this membrane system is unknown. Here, we performed proximity labeling at the PVM with BioID2, which highlighted a group of single‐pass integral membrane proteins that constitute a major component of the PVM proteome but whose function remains unclear. We investigated EXP1, the longest known member of this group, by adapting a CRISPR/Cpf1 genome editing system to install the TetR–DOZI‐aptamers system for conditional translational control. Importantly, although EXP1 was required for intraerythrocytic development, a previously reported in vitro glutathione S‐transferase activity could not account for this essential EXP1 function in vivo. EXP1 knockdown was accompanied by profound changes in vacuole ultrastructure, including apparent increased separation of the PVM from the parasite plasma membrane and formation of abnormal membrane structures. Furthermore, although activity of the Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins was not impacted by depletion of EXP1, the distribution of the translocon pore‐forming protein EXP2 but not the HSP101 unfoldase was substantially altered. Collectively, our results reveal a novel PVM defect that indicates a critical role for EXP1 in maintaining proper organisation of EXP2 within the PVM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an author's comment on the book "Teaching the Culturally Disadvantaged Pupil," which was reviewed by A. Harry Passow.

This article examines perceptions of how safe airline travel is and respondents’ level of concern over privacy and trust of authorities. These attitudes are then used to understand the choice to travel under passenger screening processes with differing levels of invasiveness. We find that travelers who are more trusting of authorities are more likely to choose to travel internationally, whereas those with low overall feelings of safety while onboard an aircraft are predisposed to not travel. Our analysis reveals what attitudes and potential screening measures are linked to this feeling of overall safety, chief among which is the presence of visible uniformed police. Our results are also novel as they study these attitudes in the context of a spate of recent air-related disasters; finding no desire to accept screening processes that invade privacy beyond what is currently practiced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large Mississippi River (MR) diversions (peak water flow >1416 m3/s and sediment loads >165 kg/s) have been proposed as part of a suite of coastal restoration projects and are expected to rehabilitate and rebuild wetlands to alleviate the significant historic wetland loss in coastal Louisiana. These coastal wetlands are undergoing increasing eustatic sea-level rise, land subsidence, climate change, and anthropogenic disturbances. However, the effect of MR diversions on wetland soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in receiving basins remains unknown. The rate of SOC sequestration or carbon burial in wetlands is one of the variables used to assess the role of wetland soils in carbon cycling and also to construct wetland carbon budgets. In this study, we examined the effects of MR water and sediment diversions on landscape-scale SOC sequestration rates that were estimated from vertical accretion for the next 50 yr (2010-2060) under two environmental (moderate and less optimistic) scenarios. Our analyses were based on model simulations taken from the Wetland Morphology model developed for Louisiana's 2012 Coastal Master Plan. The master plan modeled a "future-without-action" scenario as well as eight individual MR diversion projects in two of the hydrologic basins (Barataria and Breton Sound). We examined the effects that discharge rates (peak flow) and locations of these individual diversion projects had on SOC sequestration rates. Modeling results indicate that large river diversions are capable of improving basin-wide SOC sequestration capacity (162-222 g C·m-2·yr-1) by up to 14% (30 g C·m-2·yr-1) in Louisiana deltaic wetlands compared to the future-without-action scenario, especially under the less optimistic scenario. When large river diversions are placed in the upper receiving basin, SOC sequestration rates are 3.7-10.5% higher (6-24 g C·m-2·yr-1) than when these structures are placed in the lower receiving basin. Modeling results also indicate that both diversion discharge and location have large effects on SOC sequestration in low-salinity (freshwater and intermediate marshes) as compared to high-salinity marshes (brackish and saline marshes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the annual report for the Journal of American History (JHA) for 2010-2011. It examines content featured in the journal during that period, including the September 2010 project "Latino History: An Interchange on Present Realities and Future Prospects,” and notes that the journal conducted interviews with several scholars, including Heather Ann Thompson, Rachel Louise Moran, and Terri L. Snyder. The author expresses gratitude to editorial board members and staff, including John Nieto-Phillips, Khalil G. Muhammad, and Kimberly M. Stanley.

Road pricing as an economic construct is not a new phenomenon in transportation research. Whilst fuel taxation and tolling of roads are common ways of raising revenue in many countries, these initiatives are primarily aimed at road infrastructure financing. Worldwide there has been growing interest in pricing structures designed to also manage the growing levels of traffic congestion and, in recent times, an increasing focus on generating reductions in carbon emissions from vehicle ownership and use. This paper presents a stated choice experiment undertaken in response to the increasing interest in the environmental externalities of travel behaviour. The aim of this choice experiment is to identify the potential to switch to more fuel efficient cars that emit lower emissions, under differing pricing and technology scenarios. Results indicate that annual and variable emissions surcharges targeted very specifically to vehicle emission rates have a noticeable role in modifying vehicle purchasing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of automobile purchases in households often involves participation of more than one household member, each of which exerts some degree of influence on the final choice outcome. The influence of more than one agent has been recognised for many years, and yet the majority of automobile choice studies develop choice models as if a single agent is involved in the preference revelation process. What is not clear is whether it makes any substantive difference in preference revelation according to who is interviewed in a household. Using a generalised mixed logit framework that accounts for preference and scale heterogeneity, we estimate a series of models to investigate whether there are significant differences between the preferences of each individual in a household when assessed in isolation from other household members, as well as their joint preferences when expressing their preferences through a group choice task. The context is choosing amongst petrol, diesel and hybrid fuelled vehicles (associated with specific levels of fuel efficiency and engine capacity) when faced with a mix of vehicle prices, fuel prices, fixed annual registration fees, annual emission surcharges and vehicle kilometre emission surcharges. Using a stated choice experiment, we find that sampling a single individual as a representative of the household's preferences is less appropriate than utilising preference information from the relevant group of decision makers in the household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a model for incorporating a student-run campus awareness week into the course objectives of a sociology class. It reflects on four semesters in which students in a sociology course on eating disorders create social change by developing and implementing a campus-based awareness week. Although the article focuses specifically on a course about eating disorders, the method may be generalized to any course in which students have the potential to educate the college community with the knowledge they have learned over the course of a semester. This article describes the course and addresses the design of the project, including student responsibilities and expectations, the specific contributions of students, and previous week themes, and it offers an evaluation of the effectiveness of this assignment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. UC82b) was found to contain two distinct 3-deoxy- D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase genes that are differentially expressed. The corresponding cDNAs were isolated and characterized. Both genes code for putative plastidic DAHP synthase isoforms. The deduced amino acid sequences are 79% identical. A comparison of the known Solanaceae DAHP synthases indicates two distinct conserved isoforms. The steady-state levels of transcripts of the two tomato genes differ in all organs analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is concerned with the question of what to look for in a review of an achievement test when using test reviews as an aid in test selection. The author argues that a test review should summarize information descriptive of the test and evidence relevant to such characteristics as validity, reliability, adequacy of norms, speedednes, and so on. He believes that among the first things to look for in a review are the attributes of the review itself. Also, the author says that in evaluating the validity of an achievement test, content validity is of primary importance. Thus the "construct" validity of the test should also be considered. Another major characteristic to look for in a test review is evidence concerning the reliability of the test--how accurately it measures whatever it measures. Furthermore, the article mentions major things that must be considered during an achievement test review. Finally it is concluded that test selection offers opportunities to evaluate the merit of local instructional objectives and to motivate recognition of a more worthwhile range of objectives.

The article discusses the cultural deprivation, poverty and the dropout in adolescence. The importance of considering academic achievement separately for male and female students were given much consideration in a study by researchers. The authors describe the variation among the culturally deprived adolescent as concrete, content-centered, slow, externally oriented, inductive and physically oriented. The fact of variation among culturally deprived students is not as important as its association with differentially appropriate educational environments.

This article discusses the general overview of trend in testing. During the past three years educational and psychological testing has not experienced any marked changes. The number of tests given annually in the U.S. continues to increase. There are no indication that this trend will subside in the future according to the author of this article. From the result of this test, inference concerning human abilities are drawn. This review period was not a revolutionary one, many worthwhile contributions were made. It also deals with the developments that have important implications for teachers.

This article analyzes the recently formed transnational networks of Islamic education between Turkey and Africa south of the Sahara through the study of the neglected case of Erenköy Cemaati. The expansion of the schools affiliated with Erenköy Cemaati cannot be divorced from Turkey's Africa strategy and the growing importance of education within it since the late 2000s. Although Sufi orders and state institutions historically represent two divergent and conflicting streams of Islamic education in Turkey, the analysis of Erenköy Cemaati's schools in Africa south of the Sahara reveal their rapprochement in novel ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Turkey, Tanzania, and Senegal, this article shows that the complex relations between the Turkish state and Sufi orders in the field of education in Africa are facilitated by a constellation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Situating ethnographic data in historical context, it argues that the Islamic schools of Erenköy Cemaati are produced by the overlapping processes of the NGOization of Sufi orders in response to earlier state repression in Turkey and the NGOization of education in the wake of the neoliberal restructuring in Africa. While contributing to our understanding of post-coup Turkey and its evolving relations with Africa south of the Sahara, this article provides at the same time a new window into the NGOization of Islamic education on the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the authors of the news notes and articles as well as the reviewers of books in the December 1957 issue of this magazine. They include Mildred C. Letton, Nelson B. Henry, Gerald T. Kowitz, Harold B. Dunkel, Roger A. Pillet, Virginia Anderson, Alice C. Welch, Morris E. Eson, and John M. Beck.