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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines water management under the Spanish liberal state between 1833 and 1866, focusing on how the early liberal state addressed hydraulic issues and the evolution of water regulations before the establishment of a formal hydraulic policy. It highlights the legislative actions and the transition from old regime practices to new forms of water management, emphasizing the state's role in mediating conflicts and developing regulatory frameworks during this period.

Street-level resolutions are reached when street-level bureaucrats resolve disputes between citizens and other state officials. However, little is known about the factors that influence the tendencies in such resolutions to accept the citizens' claims. Such knowledge is important for exposing street-level bureaucrats' state or citizen favouritism which can shift the public's perceptions of those serving at the front lines of governance. This study examines real-world street-level resolutions (administrative lower-court rulings) and finds that those made, jointly or alone, by deciders who are career members of mixed-teams that include non-career lay-official members, have a higher tendency to favour the citizen's claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Royal Decree-Law 5/2023 of 28 June repeals Law 3/2009 of 3 April and introduces new regulation in the field of structural modifications such as the transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/2121 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border transformations, mergers and spin-offs. This article gives an overview of the main changes brought about by this new regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Royal Decree-Law 5/2023 of 28 June has implemented a number of legislative reforms. From a procedural perspective, in addition to introducing various measures for legal professionals to achieve a better work-life balance, cassation appeals have been completely reformed in all jurisdictions, especially in the civil jurisdiction. Royal Decree-Law 5/2023 aims to simplify and rationalise the work of the Supreme Court's various chambers, reduce their response times, and heighten their function in developing case law, rejecting cases that do not warrant the involvement of the highest-instance court of the judicial system. With this reform, lawyers will need to be familiar with how the various chambers interpret these rules and make their cassation appeals more concise and to the point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overly aggressive use of force by police on African Americans illustrates a fundamental dissonance within the American polity. The ideal of justice and liberty juxtaposed with the reality of suffering and death at the hands of frontline law enforcement. This paper considers the relationship between administrative rules, policing, and racial disparities in the application of the use of force in the United States through the lens of social equity. The article details the racialized nature of use of force and suggests a possible way forward for administrators to address the unequal application of force by police in their encounters with African Americans. Specifically, the creation of processes that limit discretion related to the use of force, the establishment of uniform licensing standards, and the implementation of a database that tracks all incidents when force is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article specifies the rule-regime for the context of subordinate legislation and the law of judicial review around legislative delegation using the Vavilov case. Topics discussed include principles and doctrinal design of rule-regime for administrative actions such as executive legislation, Vavilovian reasonableness concerning the principles of statutory interpretation and legal scope of regulatory action, Vavilov's constitutional commitments, and review of subordinate instruments.

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental is the property of CIEMAT, through its Centro Internacional de Estudios de Derecho Ambiental (CIEDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of delegated legislation has always been examined between three arms of government. However, the concept has not been seriously addressed between levels of government. This study therefore seeks to examine the concept of delegated legislation between levels of government in Nigeria and Kenya. The study finds that in both Nigeria and Kenya, the concept of delegated legislation within levels of government has not been seriously explored and that in both countries, there is ethnic tension and the need for devolution of power. The study therefore argues that delegated legislation between levels of government if carefully managed may be used to achieve devolution of power and douse ethnic tension in Nigeria and Kenya. The study concludes that Nigeria and Kenya should explore the concept of delegated legislation at levels of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study purpose is to analyze the principles of administrative procedure and proceedings established in the Administrative Procedural Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to identify recommendations for their improvement in legislation and in law enforcement practice. The concept and principles of administrative procedure and proceedings are analyzed, and deficiencies in the legal regulation of administrative procedure and proceedings principles are revealed. The study proceeds from the assumption that the existing set of principles of administrative procedure in the Republic of Kazakhstan, set out in the new Administrative Procedure and Processual Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, limit the possibilities for protecting the rights of citizens in the administrative and procedural order. Being limited to the existing set, they significantly narrow the possibilities for improving administrative and legal norms in the future. Based on the review of specialized foreign legislative regulation in the field of administrative procedure, the study gives grounds to say that when developing a new act, the Kazakh legislator did not use positive foreign experience. The experience of Kazakhstan can be used in other countries that are faced with the need to reform or develop administrative procedural regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los Glaciares and Perito Francisco Pascasio Moreno National Parks are spaces with a strong regulatory system and nature in dispute. Taking this into account, this article analyzes the different laws and decrees that regulate the production of its limits, the conflicts between the National Parks and the province of Santa Cruz administrations, and the consequences for the development of activities by other land agents. Firstly, documentation was reviewed and, then, interviews and observation were conducted in each park. The obtained results allowed to indicate that the territorial lack of control resulting from normative ambiguity has diminished the exercise of institutional power and enabled the advancement of commercial frontiers typical of neoliberal conservation, primarily in Los Glaciares National Park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our main aim is to identify the key features of spatial disputes concerning decisions on building conditions that concluded with a court decision. Parties to such planning disputes, directions of court decisions and territorial regularities were all identified. Both the database of administrative rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court (391 judgments in 205 municipalities) and data on local spatial planning documents (2.5 million decisions in 2,477 municipalities in Poland) were used. The results show that the initiators of planning disputes concluded in court are mainly property owners and their neighbours. Courts are more likely to uphold an investor's complaint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the administrative review mechanism under the 'old' and the 'new' Aarhus Regulation is analysed. It is argued that the mechanism still raises concerns, among others, regarding impartiality and fairness, as required by the Aarhus Convention (the 'old problems'). The conclusion is that although the Aarhus Regulation administrative review mechanism was introduced in order to strengthen access to justice in environmental matters in the EU legal system, it does not significantly contribute to this aim. Instead, it constitutes the mechanism of self-review for the EU institutions and bodies. Nevertheless, it is argued that this failure is inevitable and lays down in its very foundations. In practical terms, it seems that the mechanism designed to 'provide for access to judicial or other review procedures for challenging acts and omissions by private persons' effectively contributes to another than access to justice component of environmental democracy, mainly access to information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the official languages and delegated legislation in Canada. Under the protection of the Canadian federal Department of Justice, a major research project has been undertaken to identify legislative instruments that must, under the terms of the Legislative Instruments Re-enactment Act, be repealed and re-enacted in both official languages in order to ensure their constitutional validity. Furthermore, the Constitution Act, 1867 is as subsequently amended, the major written element of the country's constitution.

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As part of our ongoing concern for the safety and well-being of our employees, CleanCity Services has decided to conduct an exhaustive occupational health and safety compliance audit. The purpose of this audit is to assess and ensure compliance with the highest OH&S standards and regulations, and to identify opportunities to improve our existing practices and procedures. In this audit, we will focus on assessing our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, the validity and updating of OSH documentation, the identification and proper management of occupational risks, the effectiveness of our OSH policies and procedures, as well as identifying opportunities to improve our system of occupational health and safety management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Law Faculty (SHD) is the property of Sakarya University Journal of Law Faculty (SHD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The bureaucratization of religion represents a significant and often underexplored dimension of governance in Southeast Asia. This study delves into the administrative regulation of religious practices and institutions in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand, as highlighted in the September 2023 United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) report. By focusing on these countries, the paper aims to elucidate the broader implications of bureaucratization on freedom of religion and belief (FoRB). Methods: A qualitative research methodology was employed, involving a critical review of the September 2023 USCIRF report and other relevant literature. The study analyzed governmental policies, administrative measures, and their impact on religious practices and FoRB. Comparative analysis across the four countries was conducted to identify common patterns and unique deviations in the bureaucratization process. Results: The study found that the bureaucratization of religion in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand is characterized by intricate administrative controls over religious institutions and practices. Key features include registration requirements, restrictions on religious gatherings, and monitoring of religious discourse. These measures, while varying in form and intensity across the countries, collectively impose significant limitations on FoRB. The analysis revealed that these administrative controls are strategically employed by governments to regulate religious expression and maintain socio-political stability. Discussion: The findings underscore a substantial threat posed by the bureaucratization of religion to FoRB and related human rights. The nuanced use of administrative measures enables governments to subtly control and restrict religious practices without overtly violating international norms. This regulatory approach not only curtails individual freedoms but also affects the overall religious landscape, influencing cultural diversity and inter-religious relations. The study enhances the understanding of the complex interplay between religion and state, highlighting the need for more robust mechanisms to protect FoRB in the region. Conclusion: The bureaucratization of religion in Southeast Asia presents a profound challenge to FoRB. By critically examining the practices in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand, this study provides valuable insights into the administrative strategies used to control religious discourse. The research underscores the importance of addressing these issues to safeguard religious freedoms and promote a more inclusive and respectful religious landscape in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The USDA Forest Service recently launched a Wildfire Crisis Strategy outlining objectives to safeguard communities and other values at risk by substantially increasing the pace and scale of fuel reduction treatment. This analysis quantified layered operational constraints to mechanical fuel reduction treatments, including existing vegetation, protected areas, steep slopes, and administrative boundaries in twenty-one prioritized landscapes. Results suggest that achieving the objective to treat 20%–40% of high-risk area is unlikely in most landscapes under a business-as-usual approach to mechanical fuel reduction treatments. Increased investment in steep-slope systems and expanded road access opens sufficient acreage to meet treatment objectives in eighteen of twenty-one priority landscapes. Achieving treatment objectives in the remaining three landscapes will require both increased investment to overcome physical constraints and navigating administrative complexities within reserved land allocations to implement fuels treatments at the pace and scale needed to moderate fire risk to communities. Study Implications: Legal, operational, and administrative factors have hindered the implementation of proposed wildland fire risk reduction management actions. Investing in steep-slope systems, expanding use of temporary roads, and revising administrative rules to allow for appropriately tailored mechanical thinning in special conservation areas are possible ways to meet fuel reduction treatment objectives of the USDA Forest Service Wildfire Crisis Strategy in twenty-one landscapes across the western United States. Broadening the land base available for mechanical treatment allows for flexibility to develop treatment plans that optimize across the multiple dimensions of effective landscape-scale fuel treatment design and restore fire as a key ecosystem process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbitration is one of the important laws prevalent in ancient and modern times because of its effective role in resolving disputes at the local and international levels. Official documentation is considered a legal process, the document can be authenticated by a legal authority or a recognized legal certification. This work aims to study and understand the concept of arbitration, how it is organized, and the considerations of its decisions as official documents. The researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach to the provisions and laws of Jordanian evidence. Researchers have concluded that arbitration decisions are considered official documents if they follow the necessary legal and administrative rules and procedures for documenting them. Accordingly, arbitration decisions are considered official documents and their rulings are implemented as stated in the Jordanian Arbitration Law. Researchers recommend enhancing legal awareness of the importance of arbitration as an effective means of resolving local and international disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the factors contributing to developing an integrated strategy for the successful implementation of e-government in practice. Method: To achieve this, this study follows a comprehensive descriptive and developmental approach to the performance of e-government to identify the modern and requirements for implementing the e-government system. Therefore, the study focuses on modern concepts and new methods of electronic government, which led to the emergence and development of electronic management. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that new institutions and modern legislation appeared that regulate the relationship between e-government and public administration on the one hand and its relationship with citizens and companies on the other hand. The study concluded that it is necessary to activate legislative practices to achieve an integrated legal system for e-government. This is done by developing the rules of administrative law and establishing modern electronic administrative legislation that regulates all public administration activities, in addition to establishing and developing electronic constitutional regulations that consolidate the principles of democracy, political unity, and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article is dedicated to the empirical case study from Ukraine and focuses on the work of Ukrainian courts resolving the cases of internally displaced persons in the realm of social policy. Based on interviews and secondary sources in terms of data, it explains the problem area of the legal regulations and administrative practices applicable to internally displaced Ukrainians in the sphere of social rights, and it analyses selected decisions of the courts in the cases brought by them, including the courts' approaches, motivations and limitations, all while doing so from the combined perspective of security, law and internal migrants' agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Cihan University-Erbil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the article is to define the administrative and legal aspects of the activities of religious organizations of Ukraine under the legal regime of martial law. The article identifies the peculiarities of administrative and legal regulation in the field of activity of religious organizations in modern conditions. The author considers the increasing role of mechanisms of administrative prevention of the negative impact of religious worship on the formation of a child's personality. Attention is focused on the state regulation of religious rights of military personnel in the combat zone. The author highlights the peculiarities of the mechanism of prohibitions related to the activities of organizations, including religious ones, which have close ties with the aggressor state. The author establishes that the administrative and legal component is traced in some peculiarities of legal regulation of administrative and legal regimes, namely, the legal regime of martial law in systemic connection with the right of citizens to profess beliefs which deny the use of weapons. The author concludes that the legislation regulating the activities of religious organizations has numerous flaws and gaps that do not correspond to the significance of the risks to national security arising from the exercise of religious rights and freedoms of citizens. The administrative and legal status of religious organizations now requires rethinking and taking into account the following trends: a) the need to protect the rights and interests of a child whose parents profess a religion whose observance of the tenets may cause harm to the child's health or mental development; b) establishing a feedback loop between quotas for the appointment of military chaplains and the effectiveness of ensuring the religious rights of military personnel; c) strengthening the role of administrative and legal means in ensuring compliance by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (in unity with the Moscow Patriarchate) with the requirements of national legislation; d) setting out the Law of Ukraine "On Alternative (Nonmilitary) Service" in a new version that would take into account the current peculiarities of military service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article clarifies the legal basis for ensuring the proper functioning of the cultural heritage preservation system by local self-government bodies; the powers of local self-government bodies regarding the proper functioning of the system for ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage are defined; directions for improving their administrative and legal regulation are defined. As a result of the study, it was established that the areas of improvement in the implementation of state policy by local self-government bodies in the field of culture should include: 1) legislative unification in the field of culture; 2) the creation of a publicly accessible integrated information base of cultural institutions, the launch of a single portal of the Ministry of Culture, which would highlight the announcements of all cultural events aimed at the development of culture in Ukraine, because currently such announcements are made only by commercial structures that organize concert events in Ukraine on their websites; 3) conducting an inventory of the material and technical base of communally owned cultural institutions (identification of cultural institutions that need to be reduced or merged with more powerful specialized institutions, while it is necessary to preserve the specialization of this cultural institution, improve the state of material and technical support for the work of its employees, however to optimize by reducing the administrative staff of such institutions; 4) development of a transparent and open procedure for the calculation and distribution of cultural subsidies from the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine to cultural institutions and vice versa; 5) updating the classification categories of personnel in the field of culture, according to which the salary grid will be formed (because today there is a significant distortion in the salary of some cultural institutions that are financed from the state budget and those that are on the balance sheet of local government; 6) promotion of the development of private institutions of culture (museums, galleries, exhibition centers, theaters, choreographic and music studios) and their receipt of subventions in terms of their provision of narrowly focused cultural services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The related literature has primarily addressed cigarette smoking control. It seems that researchers have failed to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control. In an attempt to fill this gap, the present study explores experts' views about aspects of HS control in Bandar Abbas, a city in the south of Iran. Methods: The present qualitative study, conducted in 2022 and 2023, used a content analysis. To this aim, 30 experts in tobacco prevention and control were invited to participate in the research. Twenty seven accepted the invitation. In-depth, semi-structured, and face-to-face interviews were held with the experts. A purposive sampling was used and the data collection continued until data saturation. The interviews lasted between 18 and 65 min. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data management and analysis. Results: The expert interviewees had a mean age of 44.77 ± 6.57 years and a mean work experience of 18.6 ± 6.8 years. A total number of six main categories were extracted from the data, including usin influential figures to control HS, controlling HS by alternative activities, changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, taking administrative and regulatory measures, and facilitating HS cessation. Conclusion: This qualitative study explored the multifaceted ways people adopt to quit HS. Using influential figures to control hookah smoking, promoting alternative activities as a means of control, changing beliefs and attitudes, enforcing administrative regulations, and facilitating quit attempts all play an important role in tackling the prevalence of hookah smoking. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to integrate various interventions to effectively address hookah smoking behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the legal integration of Sardinia with the mainland, highlighting the concept of ‘fusion' from various historical perspectives. Topics include the timeline starting from the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, significant legal milestones such as the Royal Decree of 1848 and the Rattazzi Law of 1855, and the culmination of these processes in the unification of 1865.

The article focuses on the interplay between the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act and General Data Protection Regulation compliance, exploring when and how organizations need to adhere to both regulations. Topics include the ethical governance of AI in the legal sector, emphasizing holistic policy approaches, and the legal constraints involved in AI-powered judicial decision-making.

The delegation theory of unconstitutional constitutional amendments, a limited theory of unamendability – Applying a doctrinal approach to justify unconstitutional constitutional amendments – Introducing a typology of unconstitutionality – The practical deficiencies and internal inconsistencies of the delegation theory – The limited role of the doctrine of unconstitutional constitutional amendments in the Swedish context – The redundancy of constituent power as a legal concept [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on cross-border cooperation in Europe is predominated by the analysis of the European Union (EU) INTERREG Programmes' results, while other support funds are often neglected. To fill this research gap, the authors undertook the research on cross-border cooperation of the area-based partnerships (Local Action Groups – LAGs) from Poland and the Czech Republic, financed by the Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) 2014–2020. The main purpose of our paper is to identify the rationales for cooperation, strategies to find partners, the scope of activities and obstacles in implementing the joint projects. The qualitative research involved a content analysis of LAG documents and interviews with LAG managers. The actions in twelve identified cooperation projects were mainly related to local traditions, inventory and the promotion of local products and services, the development of tourism and environmental issues. The respondents have emphasised that these actions required separate financing by national RDPs following different administrative rules, even though when constituting the components of a single project. The bureaucratic restrictions resulted in a clear asymmetry of LAGs activities, manifested in a lower involvement of the Czech LAGs. As a result, many projects can be considered as highly unilateral, solely national rather than genuinely international, which has not been the intention of the LAG managers, however. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors examine the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Olmstead v L.C. ex rel. Zimring and related Supreme Court rulings that could raise questions about the Americans With Disabilities Act's guarantee of care in integrated settings and about which governmental entity's interpretation should be respected when deciding whether a state has met its integration obligation. After reviewing statutes, administrative regulations, and judicial decisions, the authors conclude that Olmstead's integration mandate will likely stand, but actions should be taken to codify the rule in federal and state statutes so that governmental agencies will continue to have the authority to ensure compliance with the mandate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers some complexities surrounding the determination of child competency in matters of data protection. Focusing on the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) guidelines, the article highlights the apparently pivotal role competency plays in granting children the ability to exercise their data protection rights and interests. The article critically examines the inherent challenges arising from the ICO's approach, emphasising the reliance on data controllers to independently assess the competency of child data subjects. The inherent problematic nature of this approach is scrutinised, shedding light on potential shortcomings and raising questions about the effectiveness and fairness of such assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Telos is the property of Revista Telos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the aftermath of the Second World War, local authorities across West Germany implemented Sperrbezirke, or restricted areas for prostitution. These restricted areas became a central element of Germany's system of managing commercial sex. This article considers both the legacies of former systems of state-regulated prostitution in the development of Sperrbezirke and regional variations in restricted-area regulations since the 1960s. It examines their relation to red-light districts through regulations on brothels and tolerance zones, as well as the common associations of Sperrbezirke with vice in popular culture. The article then uses prostitutes' responses to restricted-area regulations to assess their impact in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the special educational needs of children with disabilities have garnered widespread attention across the globe. There has been a growing trend towards inclusive education. China, among many other nations, has endeavored to promote inclusive education through legislation, policy, and financial support. This article is a review of inclusive education development in China, with a view to summarizing Chinese experiences in this regard to contribute to the construction of a more inclusive, equitable, and higher-quality education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive education is aimed at giving children with disabilities equality of opportunity in education. The Chinese government has released a host of regulations and action plans concerning inclusive education, defining its direction and setting forth the principle of respect for differences in its implementation. Nevertheless, there remain many challenges in inclusive education development. Among them is the low level of popularization of inclusive education in compulsory education. This article delineates the complications of the implementation of inclusive education in China and analyzes their causes with the intent of contributing to its high-quality development in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the benefits and pitfalls associated with integrating a common blockchain model within a distinct administrative environment, focusing particularly on its effects on decision-making processes. The study is grounded in the doctrine of procedural due process, a holistic concept encompassing intertwined administrative rules and principles, designed to promote fairness and justice in decision-making, which can be succinctly distilled into three core principles: accuracy, integrity, and transparency. On initial examination, these principles seem to correspond with the fundamental characteristics of blockchain technology, which are identified as authenticity, integrity, and transparency. In our analysis, we measure the extent to which the attributes of blockchain technology align with the principles of the due process doctrine. An essential component of this assessment includes a meticulous examination of the practical merging of each characteristic within the decision-making procedure. The approach and practical applications explored in this study highlight the potential of blockchain technology to enhance adherence to due process, especially in areas where traditional trust-based systems have faltered in maintaining basic procedural safeguards. However, given the intricate complexity tied to its implementation, this technology should be regarded as a fallback option, strictly reserved for situations where the benefits of its utilisation unmistakably outweigh the numerous inherent risks. In the ensuing sections of this paper, we will delve deeper into these risks and propose actionable mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica (1578-956X) is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)