77,782 results
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202. European task force on atopic dermatitis position paper: treatment of parental atopic dermatitis during preconception, pregnancy and lactation period.
- Author
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Vestergaard C, Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Christen-Zaech S, Deleuran M, Spuls P, Flohr C, Trzeciak M, von Kobyletzki L, Seneschal J, Paul C, Bieber T, Werfel T, Fölster-Holst R, Darsow U, Gieler U, Svensson Å, Cork M, Stalder JF, De Raeve L, Kunz B, Simon D, Chernyshov P, Hijnen D, Gelmetti C, Ring J, Taieb A, de Bruin-Weller M, and Thyssen JP
- Subjects
- Adult, Advisory Committees, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Dermatitis, Atopic therapy, Dermatologic Agents therapeutic use, Lactation, Preconception Care, Ultraviolet Therapy
- Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that affects both children and adults, including a large number of adults of reproductive age. Several guidelines for the treatment of AD exist, yet specific recommendations for the treatment of pregnant or lactating women and for adults planning to have a child are often lacking. This position paper from the European Task force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) is based on up-to-date scientific literature on treating pregnant and lactating women as wells as adults with AD planning to have a child. It is based on the expert opinions of members of the ETFAD and on existing safety data on the proposed treatments, many of which are derived from patients with other inflammatory diseases or from transplantation medicine. For treating future parents, as well as pregnant and lactating women with AD, the use of topical treatments including moisturizers, topical corticosteroids, tacrolimus, antiseptics such as chlorhexidine, octenidine, potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is deemed to be safe. Ultraviolet (UV) therapy may also be used. Systemic treatment should be prescribed only after careful consideration. According to the opinion of the ETFAD, treatment should be restricted to systemic corticosteroids and cyclosporine A, and, in selected cases, azathioprine., (© 2019 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)
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- 2019
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203. Analysing the potential for implementation of CCS within the European pulp and paper industry
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Jönsson, Johanna and Berntsson, Thore
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PAPER industry , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) , *POTENTIAL energy , *PULP mills , *BIOMASS , *CARBON sequestration , *CARBON dioxide , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *EMISSIONS trading , *SULFATE waste liquor , *BIOMASS gasification - Abstract
In this paper an approach for analysing the potential for implementation of different technology pathways for the European pulp and paper industry (PPI) is presented. The approach is based on detailed technical research and aggregates the knowledge from previous studies to incorporate the whole European PPI. Thus, the potential for different technology pathways can be estimated on a European level whilst still considering important characteristics of individual mills. The usefulness of the approach was exemplified by applying it to a case study of the potential for introduction of carbon capture and storage (CCS) within the European PPI. The results from the case study show that for the European PPI, CCS has an up-hill road in order to be a viable, large scale alternative for reduction of CO2 emissions. If CCS is to be introduced in large scale within the European PPI, large biomass-based point sources of CO2 emissions need to be included when planning for CCS infrastructure and also the infrastructure needs to be built out for clusters emitting <20 MtCO2/yr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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204. Children of Migrants and Ethnic Minorities: An Overview and Conceptual Framework. Innocenti Occasional Papers. The Urban Child Series, Number 5.
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United Nations Children's Fund, Florence (Italy). International Child Development Centre., Blanc, Cristina S., and Chiozzi, Paolo
- Abstract
In Western Europe, internal and international migrations have generated vulnerable populations, notably an increasing number of children and young people of "foreign" parentage. Their problems are not specific to one ethnic group but derive from sociocultural processes and from situations of social relegation. Case studies based on a literature review provide profiles of the situation of migrant families and children in the Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy. Each study discusses political and ideological attitudes toward immigrant groups, the historical context of migrations, and key aspects of relevant legislation. The social and ethno-cultural situations of major migrant groups are examined, focusing on family and household data, school performance, nutrition and health status, youth employment, and encounters with the law. The studies indicate that a growing number of children are being affected by divided families, "commuter" or cyclical migrations, the feminization and racialization of poverty, informal-sector employment, formation of ghettos, and loss of hope. Although migrant children have lower educational attainment than "indigenous" children with similar socioeconomic characteristics, the same migrant populations fare differently in different host countries. There is an urgent need for the European community to adopt a new social agenda in which migrants and their children figure prominently. This paper contains 81 references. (SV)
- Published
- 1992
205. 5 Interesting Facts about Containerboard (and Its Future).
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Sharp, Stuart
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PAPER industry ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SULFATE pulping process ,INVESTMENT management - Published
- 2023
206. Guidance for the Management of Patients with Vascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and COVID-19: Position Paper from VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine.
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Gerotziafas GT, Catalano M, Colgan MP, Pecsvarady Z, Wautrecht JC, Fazeli B, Olinic DM, Farkas K, Elalamy I, Falanga A, Fareed J, Papageorgiou C, Arellano RS, Agathagelou P, Antic D, Auad L, Banfic L, Bartolomew JR, Benczur B, Bernardo MB, Boccardo F, Cifkova R, Cosmi B, De Marchi S, Dimakakos E, Dimopoulos MA, Dimitrov G, Durand-Zaleski I, Edmonds M, El Nazar EA, Erer D, Esponda OL, Gresele P, Gschwandtner M, Gu Y, Heinzmann M, Hamburg NM, Hamadé A, Jatoi NA, Karahan O, Karetova D, Karplus T, Klein-Weigel P, Kolossvary E, Kozak M, Lefkou E, Lessiani G, Liew A, Marcoccia A, Marshang P, Marakomichelakis G, Matuska J, Moraglia L, Pillon S, Poredos P, Prior M, Salvador DRK, Schlager O, Schernthaner G, Sieron A, Spaak J, Spyropoulos A, Sprynger M, Suput D, Stanek A, Stvrtinova V, Szuba A, Tafur A, Vandreden P, Vardas PE, Vasic D, Vikkula M, Wennberg P, and Zhai Z
- Subjects
- Anticoagulants therapeutic use, COVID-19 epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases drug therapy, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Europe, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight therapeutic use, Humans, Inflammation, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Factors, Rivaroxaban therapeutic use, Societies, Medical, Thrombophilia, Thrombosis, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, COVID-19 diagnosis, Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, SARS-CoV-2 physiology
- Abstract
COVID-19 is also manifested with hypercoagulability, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Predisposing risk factors to severe COVID-19 are male sex, underlying cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors including noncontrolled diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension, obesity, and advanced age. The VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine draws attention to patients with vascular disease (VD) and presents an integral strategy for the management of patients with VD or cardiovascular risk factors (VD-CVR) and COVID-19. VAS recommends (1) a COVID-19-oriented primary health care network for patients with VD-CVR for identification of patients with VD-CVR in the community and patients' education for disease symptoms, use of eHealth technology, adherence to the antithrombotic and vascular regulating treatments, and (2) close medical follow-up for efficacious control of VD progression and prompt application of physical and social distancing measures in case of new epidemic waves. For patients with VD-CVR who receive home treatment for COVID-19, VAS recommends assessment for (1) disease worsening risk and prioritized hospitalization of those at high risk and (2) VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for those at high risk. For hospitalized patients with VD-CVR and COVID-19, VAS recommends (1) routine thromboprophylaxis with weight-adjusted intermediate doses of LMWH (unless contraindication); (2) LMWH as the drug of choice over unfractionated heparin or direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE or hypercoagulability; (3) careful evaluation of the risk for disease worsening and prompt application of targeted antiviral or convalescence treatments; (4) monitoring of D-dimer for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment; and (5) evaluation of the risk of VTE before hospital discharge using the IMPROVE-D-dimer score and prolonged post-discharge thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or LMWH., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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207. ECS Position Paper on the Opinion of the Advocate General in the Case HP Belgium v Reprobel before the Court of Justice of the EU.
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Griffiths, Jonathan, Janssens, M.-C., Metzger, Axel, Peukert, Alexander, Ricolfi, Marco, Rognstad, Ole-Andreas, Senftleben, Martin, Strowel, Alain, Vivant, Michel, and Xalabarder, Raquel
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LEGAL opinions ,COPYRIGHT - Abstract
On 11 June 2015, A.G. Pedro Cruz Villalon delivered his Opinion in the HP Belgium v Reprobel case then pending before the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). The Advocate General's Opinion and the underlying case raise one important issue: is it permissible for a national copyright law to allocate a portion of the fair compensation fo r reproductions exempted under art.5(2)(a) and (b) of the 2001/29 Infosoc Directive directly to publishers, although they are not listed among the initial holders of the reproduction right under art. 2 of the Infosoc Directive? As a group of academics concerned about the copyright reforms envisaged in the EU as well as by the interpretation and development of the law by the CJEU, the European Copyright Society (ECS) takes this opportunity to share its view on this matter of principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
208. AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION CONFERENCE, 1962, REVIEWS, PAPERS, AND REPORTS.
- Author
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne (Australia).
- Abstract
IN THIS REPORT OF AN AUSTRALIAN TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON CASE STUDIES AND RESEARCH APPLICABLE TO PROFESSIONAL EXTENSION WORK, INCLUDING FARMER CONTACTS AND SUCH SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES AS LIAISON WORK AND COURSE WORK IN THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. THE FIRST SECTION DESCRIBES SERVICES IN EACH STATE AND IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY, NEW GUINEA, AND NEW ZEALAND. THE NEXT THREE SECTIONS COVER COMPARTIVE EXTENSION IN AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, AND THE UNITED STATES, SPECIAL PROBLEMS RELATING TO AUSTRALIAN PASTORAL AND OTHER INDUSTRIES, AND THE WORK AND PROBLEMS OF DISTRICT ADVISORS. THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMERCIAL FIRMS AND PRIVATE ADVISORY SERVICES (INCLUDING FARM MANAGEMENT CLUBS) IN FARM MANAGEMENT EXTENSION ARE DOCUMENTED IN THE FIFTH SECTION. OTHER SECTIONS DEAL WITH PROGRAM PLANNING, GROUP METHODS AND DEMONSTRATIONS, TELEVISION AND OTHER MASS MEDIA. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTENSION AND REGULATORY SERVICES AND RESEARCH EXTENSION LIAISON, RESEARCH IN COMMUNICATIONS, ADULT LEARNING, DECISION MAKING, AND PROGRAM EVALUATION, ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING (HIGHER EDUCATION, INSERVICE TRAINING, INTERNATIONAL AID), AND POSTCONFERENCE REPORTS BY OVERSEAS VISITORS AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES. ALSO INCLUDED ARE FOUR FIGURES, 35 TABLES, AND NUMEROUS REFERENCES. (LY)
- Published
- 1963
209. Management of heart failure patients with COVID-19: a joint position paper of the Chinese Heart Failure Association & National Heart Failure Committee and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology.
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Zhang Y, Coats AJS, Zheng Z, Adamo M, Ambrosio G, Anker SD, Butler J, Xu D, Mao J, Khan MS, Bai L, Mebazaa A, Ponikowski P, Tang Q, Ruschitzka F, Seferovic P, Tschöpe C, Zhang S, Gao C, Zhou S, Senni M, Zhang J, and Metra M
- Subjects
- COVID-19, China, Comorbidity, Coronavirus Infections therapy, Europe, Heart Failure epidemiology, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral therapy, SARS-CoV-2, Betacoronavirus, Cardiology, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Disease Management, Heart Failure therapy, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Societies, Medical
- Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multiple reports have suggested that patients with heart failure (HF) are at a higher risk of severe disease and mortality with COVID-19. Moreover, evaluating and treating HF patients with comorbid COVID-19 represents a formidable clinical challenge as symptoms of both conditions may overlap and they may potentiate each other. Limited data exist regarding comprehensive management of HF patients with concomitant COVID-19. Since these issues pose serious new challenges for clinicians worldwide, HF specialists must develop a structured approach to the care of patients with COVID-19 and be included early in the care of these patients. Therefore, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology and the Chinese Heart Failure Association & National Heart Failure Committee conducted web-based meetings to discuss these unique clinical challenges and reach a consensus opinion to help providers worldwide deliver better patient care. The main objective of this position paper is to outline the management of HF patients with concomitant COVID-19 based on the available data and personal experiences of physicians from Asia, Europe and the United States., (© 2020 European Society of Cardiology.)
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- 2020
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210. [Recommendations for gene therapy of spinal muscular atrophy with onasemnogene abeparvovec-AVXS-101 : Consensus paper of the German representatives of the Society for Pediatric Neurology (GNP) and the German treatment centers with collaboration of the medical scientific advisory board of the German Society for Muscular Diseases (DGM)].
- Author
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Ziegler A, Wilichowski E, Schara U, Hahn A, Müller-Felber W, Johannsen J, von der Hagen M, von Moers A, Stoltenburg C, Saffari A, Walter MC, Husain RA, Pechmann A, Köhler C, Horber V, Schwartz O, and Kirschner J
- Subjects
- Child, Consensus, Europe, Germany, Humans, Genetic Therapy, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal genetics, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal therapy, Muscular Diseases, Neurodegenerative Diseases genetics, Neurodegenerative Diseases therapy, Neurology
- Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe, life-limiting neurodegenerative disease. A disease-modifying and approved therapy with nusinersen has been available in Germany since July 2017. Gene therapies offer another promising treatment option through a once in a lifetime administration. In May 2019 a gene replacement therapy for the treatment of SMA was approved for the first time by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). An application for approval in Europe has been submitted and is currently pending., Objective: This consensus paper was compiled at the invitation of the German Society for Muscular Diseases (DGM) with the participation of all potential German neuromuscular treatment centers, the German section of the Society for Pediatric Neurology (GNP) and with the involvement of the medical scientific advisory board of the DGM. The aim was to define and establish the necessary prerequisites for a safe and successful application of the new gene replacement therapy in clinical practice., Conclusion: Gene replacement therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec has the potential to significantly influence the course of SMA. Long-term data on sustainability of effects and possible adverse effects of gene replacement therapy are not yet available. The application of this innovative therapy must be carried out in specialized and appropriately qualified treatment centers under strict safety conditions. This article makes suggestions for the necessary framework conditions and gives recommendations for a systematic pretreatment and posttreatment assessment schedule under gene therapy. The effectiveness and safety of the therapy should be systematically documented in an industry-independent and disease-specific register.
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- 2020
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211. The Critical Need to Build a European Governance Model for Online Access to Medical Information Services: A Position Paper.
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Pienaar, Stefne, Dunnett, Sarah, Flores, Angela, Hamilton, Ian, Mohamed, Susan, and De Wit, Jan
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INFORMATION services , *BASIC needs , *ACCESS to information , *INFORMATION resources , *MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
European pharmaceutical companies have a legal requirement to provide non-promotional Medical Information (MI) services to support healthcare professionals (HCPs) who are using their medicinal products. While the industry has self-regulating bodies with established Codes of Practice, these mainly focus on promotional messaging and commercial activities. In the absence of similar frameworks for MI, such services struggle to understand how to meet HCP digital expectations, often in fear of breaching the promotional codes. This is limiting access to the wealth of non-promotional patient-focussed information held within the industry. Meanwhile, a large volume of unregulated, low-quality information can be readily found on the internet. To understand the current status, the Medical Information Leaders in Europe (MILE) industry association performed a benchmarking survey which explored the online MI service provision of 13 mid-large pharmaceutical companies across Europe. This highlighted a great diversity in approach in terms of geographical coverage and content. Visibility and access for HCPs is complex, compromising online engagement and website utilisation. This MILE position paper highlights the critical need to establish a clear governance model, which empowers pharmaceutical company MI functions to provide unbranded, non-promotional, medicinal product information sources to support HCP online information needs. It is essential to build confidence, transparency and trust by establishing a practical quality framework with principles and standards for online MI services for HCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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212. [Formaldehyde determination in packing paper for food products by the colorimetric method with acetylacetone].
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Lewandowska I, Biernat U, Jurkiewicz M, and Stelmach A
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- Colorimetry methods, Equipment Reuse, Europe, Formaldehyde chemistry, Indium Radioisotopes, Pentanones, Food Contamination prevention & control, Formaldehyde analysis, Paper
- Abstract
Papers used for food packing were studied for formaldehyde migration from them by the colorimetric method with acetylacetone. The studied material comprised 14 samples of paper of Polish or foreign production: pergamenous paper, offset and sulphite papers and one sample from waste paper imported from Germany. Formaldehyde migration from these samples differed but never exceeded 1 mg/dm2, with the exception of the recycled paper from which it was 1.77 mg/dm2.
- Published
- 1994
213. (Un)folding places with care: Migrant caregivers 'dwelling‐in‐folds'.
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PAPER arts , *CAREGIVERS , *HOUSEHOLD employees , *IMMIGRANTS , *HOUSEKEEPING , *MOTHERHOOD - Abstract
This paper is based on longitudinal ethnographic work among Bulgarian migrant women who work as live‐in caregivers and domestic workers in Italian households and explores the analytical potential of place and place making for transmigration literature by conceptualizing the co‐production of place with subjectivities. Such approach sensitizes to mundane practices of care and belonging, which actively create migratory lives of meaning. Drawing on Deleuze's concept of the fold as subjectivity and Clifford's notion of dwelling‐in‐travelling, I propose the term 'dwelling‐in‐folds' – and its mechanism 'folding place' – in order to make sense of temporary migrants' experience of place(s) that foregrounds their ability to connect and reconcile fractures and discontinuities, particularly when doing transnational motherhood. In doing so, the paper folds place empirically – showing how 'dwelling‐in‐folds' is achieved and unfolds place analytically – demonstrating the potential of this concept for sociology and transmigration studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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214. [European Silver Paper. European document on the future of health promotion and preventive measures, basic research and clinical aspects of aging-related diseases].
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Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Franco A, Sommer P, Baeyens JP, Jankowska E, Maggi A, Ponikowski P, Ryś A, Szczerbińska K, and Milewicz A
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- Aging, Europe, Forecasting, Humans, Biomedical Research trends, Geriatrics, Health Promotion trends, Preventive Medicine trends
- Published
- 2009
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215. ECCO Position Paper: Harmonization of the Approach to Ulcerative Colitis Histopathology.
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Magro F, Doherty G, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Svrcek M, Borralho P, Walsh A, Carneiro F, Rosini F, de Hertogh G, Biedermann L, Pouillon L, Scharl M, Tripathi M, Danese S, Villanacci V, and Feakins R
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- Colonoscopy methods, Consensus, Europe, Humans, Patient Acuity, Prognosis, Reference Standards, Remission Induction methods, Treatment Outcome, Biopsy methods, Biopsy standards, Colitis, Ulcerative drug therapy, Colitis, Ulcerative pathology, Histological Techniques methods, Histological Techniques standards, Intestinal Mucosa diagnostic imaging, Intestinal Mucosa pathology
- Abstract
Currently, the main targets of drug therapy for ulcerative colitis [UC] are endoscopic and clinical remission. However, there is active discussion about the additional advantages of including histological remission as a target. Accumulating evidence indicates that microscopic activity persists in endoscopically quiescent UC, that histological changes may lag behind clinical remission after treatment, and that absence of histological activity predicts lower rates of relapse, hospitalization, surgery and subsequent neoplasia. Obtaining useful information from mucosal biopsies in this setting depends on accurate and consistent evaluation of histological features. However, there is no standardization of biopsy procedures, histological sample processing technique or histological scoring systems, and there is no agreement on the definitions of histological remission, response or activity. Accordingly, a consensus expert panel convened by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] reviewed the literature and agreed a number of position statements regarding harmonization of UC histopathology. The objective was to provide evidence-based guidance for the standardization and harmonization of procedures, definitions and scoring systems for histology in UC, and to reach expert consensus where possible. We propose the absence of intraepithelial neutrophils, erosion and ulceration as a minimum requirement for the definition of histological remission. For randomized control trials we recommend the use of the Robarts histopathology index [RHI] or the Nancy index [NI]. For observational studies or in clinical practice we recommend the use of the NI. To predict the risk of future neoplasia in UC, cumulative histological scores over time are more useful than single scores., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
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216. Diagnosis and management of the drug hypersensitivity reactions in Coronavirus disease 19: An EAACI Position Paper.
- Author
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Gelincik A, Brockow K, Çelik GE, Doña I, Mayorga C, Romano A, Soyer Ö, Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Barbaud A, and Torres MJ
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- Academies and Institutes, Drug Hypersensitivity complications, Europe, Humans, Pandemics, COVID-19 complications, Drug Hypersensitivity diagnosis, Drug Hypersensitivity drug therapy
- Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory tract infection caused by a novel human coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, leads to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to patients with mild and severe symptoms, with or without pneumonia. Given the huge influence caused by the overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic affecting over three million people worldwide, a wide spectrum of drugs is considered for the treatment in the concept of repurposing and off-label use. There is no knowledge about the diagnosis and clinical management of the drug hypersensitivity reactions that can potentially occur during the disease. This review brings together all the published information about the diagnosis and management of drug hypersensitivity reactions due to current and candidate off-label drugs and highlights relevant recommendations. Furthermore, it gathers all the dermatologic manifestations reported during the disease for guiding the clinicians to establish a better differential diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions in the course of the disease., (© 2020 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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217. The cardiac arrest centre for the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest due to presumed cardiac cause - aims, function and structure: Position paper of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care of the European Society of Cardiology (AVCV), European Association of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (EAPCI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Resuscitation Council (ERC), European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM).
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Sinning C, Ahrens I, Cariou A, Beygui F, Lamhaut L, Halvorsen S, Nikolaou N, Nolan JP, Price S, Monsieurs K, Behringer W, Cecconi M, Van Belle E, Jouven X, and Hassager C
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- Europe, Humans, Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation methods, Consensus, Critical Care statistics & numerical data, Death, Sudden, Cardiac etiology, Emergency Medicine, Myocardial Ischemia surgery, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Societies, Medical
- Abstract
Approximately 10% of patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survive to hospital discharge. Improved management to improve outcomes is required, and it is proposed that such patients should be preferentially treated in cardiac arrest centres. The minimum requirements of therapy modalities for the cardiac arrest centre are 24/7 availability of an on-site coronary angiography laboratory, an emergency department, an intensive care unit, imaging facilities such as echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and a protocol outlining transfer of selected patients to cardiac arrest centres with additional resources (out-of-hospital cardiac arrest hub hospitals). These hub hospitals are regularly treating a high volume of patients and offer further treatment modalities. This consensus document describes the aims, the minimal requirements for therapeutic modalities and expertise, and the structure, of a cardiac arrest centre. It represents a consensus among the major European medical associations and societies involved in the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.
- Published
- 2020
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218. Scientific papers on musculoskeletal radiology presented at ECR 2020.
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Parkar AP
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- Europe, Humans, Radiology, Congresses as Topic, Diagnostic Imaging methods, Musculoskeletal Diseases diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 2020
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219. Quality of Care Standards in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: a European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] Position Paper.
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Fiorino G, Lytras T, Younge L, Fidalgo C, Coenen S, Chaparro M, Allocca M, Arnott I, Bossuyt P, Burisch J, Campmans-Kuijpers M, de Ridder L, Dignass A, Drohan C, Feakins R, Gilardi D, Grosek J, Groß E, Hart A, Jäghult S, Katsanos K, Lönnfors S, Panis Y, Perovic M, Pierik M, Rimola J, Tulchinsky H, and Gisbert JP
- Subjects
- Europe epidemiology, Holistic Health standards, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Outcome Assessment, Health Care methods, Outcome Assessment, Health Care standards, Patient Acuity, Reference Standards, Colitis, Ulcerative epidemiology, Colitis, Ulcerative therapy, Crohn Disease epidemiology, Crohn Disease therapy, Patient Care Management methods, Patient Care Management standards, Practice Patterns, Physicians' organization & administration, Practice Patterns, Physicians' standards, Quality Improvement organization & administration, Standard of Care organization & administration
- Abstract
The management of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is complex, and requires tight control of disease activity, close monitoring to avoid treatment side effects, health care professionals with expertise in IBD, and an interdisciplinary, holistic approach. Despite various efforts to standardise structures, processes, and outcomes,1-8 and due to the high variability at the local, national, and international levels, there are still no clear definitions or outcome measures available to establish quality of care standards for IBD patients which are applicable in all contexts and all countries. For this reason, the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] supported the construction of a list of criteria summarising current standards of care in IBD. The list comprises 111 quality standard points grouped into three main domains [structure n = 31, process n = 42, outcomes n = 38] and is based on scientific evidence, interdisciplinary expert consensus, and patient-oriented perspectives. The list of proposed criteria is intended to represent the position of ECCO regarding the optimum quality of care that should be available to patients. Since health care systems and regulations vary considerably between countries, this list may require adaptation at local and national levels. It is recognised that not all these criteria that have been identified as optimal will be available in every unit. However, ECCO will continue its efforts to develop and coordinate projects and initiatives that will help to guarantee optimal quality of care for all IBD patients., (Copyright © 2020 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
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220. Feature engineering of EEG applied to mental disorders: a systematic mapping study.
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García-Ponsoda, Sandra, García-Carrasco, Jorge, Teruel, Miguel A., Maté, Alejandro, and Trujillo, Juan
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MENTAL illness ,MACHINE learning ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,ENGINEERING - Abstract
Around a third of the total population of Europe suffers from mental disorders. The use of electroencephalography (EEG) together with Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to diagnose mental disorders has recently been shown to be a prominent research area, as exposed by several reviews focused on the field. Nevertheless, previous to the application of ML algorithms, EEG data should be correctly preprocessed and prepared via Feature Engineering (FE). In fact, the choice of FE techniques can make the difference between an unusable ML model and a simple, effective model. In other words, it can be said that FE is crucial, especially when using complex, non-stationary data such as EEG. To this aim, in this paper we present a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) focused on FE from EEG data used to identify mental disorders. Our SMS covers more than 900 papers, making it one of the most comprehensive to date, to the best of our knowledge. We gathered the mental disorder addressed, all the FE techniques used, and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm applied for classification from each paper. Our main contributions are: (i) we offer a starting point for new researchers on these topics, (ii) we extract the most used FE techniques to classify mental disorders, (iii) we show several graphical distributions of all used techniques, and (iv) we provide critical conclusions for detecting mental disorders. To provide a better overview of existing techniques, the FE process is divided into three parts: (i) signal transformation, (ii) feature extraction, and (iii) feature selection. Moreover, we classify and analyze the distribution of existing papers according to the mental disorder they treat, the FE processes used, and the ML techniques applied. As a result, we provide a valuable reference for the scientific community to identify which techniques have been proven and tested and where the gaps are located in the current state of the art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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221. Palliative care in primary care: European Forum for Primary Care position paper.
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Rotar Pavlič D, Aarendonk D, Wens J, Rodrigues Simões JA, Lynch M, and Murray S
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- Consensus, Europe, Humans, Models, Organizational, Palliative Care organization & administration, Primary Health Care organization & administration
- Abstract
Aim: The aim of this position paper is to assist primary health care (PHC) providers, policymakers, and researchers by discussing the current context in which palliative health care functions within PHC in Europe. The position paper gives examples for improvements to palliative care models from studies and international discussions at European Forum for Primary Care (EFPC) workshops and conferences., Background: Palliative care is a holistic approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing problems associated with terminal illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and diligent assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, whether physical, psychosocial, or spiritual. Unfortunately, some Europeans, unless they have cancer, still do not have access to generalist or specialist palliative care., Methods: A draft of this position paper was distributed electronically through the EFPC network in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Active collaboration with the representatives of the International Primary Palliative Care Network was established from the very beginning and more recently with the EAPC Primary Care Reference Group. Barriers, opportunities, and examples of good and bad practices were discussed at workshops focusing on palliative care at the international conferences of Southeastern European countries in Ljubljana (2015) and Budva (2017), at regular conferences in Amsterdam (2015) and Riga (2016), at the WONCA Europe conferences in Istanbul (2015), Copenhagen (2016), and Prague (2017), and at the EAPC conference in Madrid (2017)., Findings: There is great diversity in the extent and type of palliative care provided in primary care by European countries. Primary care teams (PCTs) are well placed to encourage timely palliative care. We collected examples from different countries. We found numerous barriers influencing PCTs in preparing care plans with patients. We identified many facilitators to improve the organization of palliative care.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
222. EHRA White Paper: knowledge gaps in arrhythmia management-status 2019.
- Author
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Goette A, Auricchio A, Boriani G, Braunschweig F, Terradellas JB, Burri H, Camm AJ, Crijns H, Dagres N, Deharo JC, Dobrev D, Hatala R, Hindricks G, Hohnloser SH, Leclercq C, Lewalter T, Lip GYH, Merino JL, Mont L, Prinzen F, Proclemer A, Pürerfellner H, Savelieva I, Schilling R, Steffel J, van Gelder IC, Zeppenfeld K, Zupan I, and Heidbüchel H
- Subjects
- Europe, Humans, Organizational Objectives, Societies, Medical, Arrhythmias, Cardiac therapy, Biomedical Research
- Abstract
Clinicians accept that there are many unknowns when we make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Acceptance of uncertainty is essential for the pursuit of the profession: bedside decisions must often be made on the basis of incomplete evidence. Over the years, physicians sometimes even do not realize anymore which the fundamental gaps in our knowledge are. As clinical scientists, however, we have to halt and consider what we do not know yet, and how we can move forward addressing those unknowns. The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) believes that scanning the field of arrhythmia / cardiac electrophysiology to identify knowledge gaps which are not yet the subject of organized research, should be undertaken on a regular basis. Such a review (White Paper) should concentrate on research which is feasible, realistic, and clinically relevant, and should not deal with futuristic aspirations. It fits with the EHRA mission that these White Papers should be shared on a global basis in order to foster collaborative and needed research which will ultimately lead to better care for our patients. The present EHRA White Paper summarizes knowledge gaps in the management of atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia/sudden death and heart failure., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2019. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
223. Recovery for all in the community; position paper on principles and key elements of community-based mental health care.
- Author
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Keet R, de Vetten-Mc Mahon M, Shields-Zeeman L, Ruud T, van Weeghel J, Bahler M, Mulder CL, van Zelst C, Murphy B, Westen K, Nas C, Petrea I, and Pieters G
- Subjects
- Consensus Development Conferences as Topic, Europe, Humans, Regional Health Planning, Community Mental Health Services standards, Community Networks, Quality of Health Care
- Abstract
Background: Service providers throughout Europe have identified the need to define how high-quality community-based mental health care looks to organize their own services and to inform governments, commissioners and funders. In 2016, representatives of mental health care service providers, networks, umbrella organizations and knowledge institutes in Europe came together to establish the European Community Mental Health Services Provider (EUCOMS) Network. This network developed a shared vision on the principles and key elements of community mental health care in different contexts. The result is a comprehensive consensus paper, of which this position paper is an outline. With this paper the network wants to contribute to the discussion on how to improve structures in mental healthcare, and to narrow the gap between evidence, policy and practice in Europe., Main Text: The development of the consensus paper started with an expert workshop in April 2016. An assigned writing group representing the workshop participants built upon the outcomes of this meeting and developed the consensus paper with the input from 100 European counterparts through two additional work groups, and two structured feedback rounds via email. High quality community-based mental health care: 1) protects human rights; 2) has a public health focus; 3) supports service users in their recovery journey; 4) makes use of effective interventions based on evidence and client goals; 5) promotes a wide network of support in the community and; 6) makes use of peer expertise in service design and delivery. Each principle is illustrated with good practices from European service providers that are members of the EUCOMS Network., Conclusions: Discussion among EUCOMS network members resulted in a blueprint for a regional model of integrated mental health care based upon six principles.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
224. Health aspects of carbonless copy paper.
- Author
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Murray R
- Subjects
- Dermatitis, Occupational etiology, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Europe, Humans, Occupational Diseases etiology, Paper
- Abstract
In the past 20 years, there have been numerous reports of skin and mucous membrane disorders allegedly caused by the use of carbonless copy paper, to such an extent that some people in Europe were refusing to work with it and concern was expressed in the European Parliament. In view of its undoubted convenience and superiority over carbon paper, the author was asked by the Commission of the European Communities for a report. Based on visits to manufacturers and users and the investigation of complaints, the conclusion is that, as exposure to the constituents of the paper during its manufacture is considerably greater than in its use and no cases have arisen in his experience in the industry, the complaints are more likely to be attributable to "sick building syndrome" than to the specific effect of any component of the paper.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
225. [Revision of the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis (EP3OS) with particular attention to acute and recurrent rhinosinusitis].
- Author
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Passali D and Bellussi L
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Diagnosis, Differential, Equipment Design, Europe, Humans, Immunoglobulin A blood, Nasal Mucosa pathology, Nasal Mucosa physiopathology, Nasal Obstruction diagnosis, Nasal Obstruction physiopathology, Olfaction Disorders diagnosis, Olfaction Disorders physiopathology, Otolaryngology methods, Paranasal Sinus Diseases diagnosis, Paranasal Sinus Diseases physiopathology, Paranasal Sinus Diseases therapy, Recurrence, Rhinomanometry instrumentation, Severity of Illness Index, Nasal Polyps physiopathology, Rhinitis diagnosis, Rhinitis physiopathology, Rhinitis therapy, Sinusitis diagnosis, Sinusitis physiopathology, Sinusitis therapy
- Published
- 2007
226. A review of submissions to International Tax and Public Finance, 2010–2020.
- Author
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Davies, Ronald B. and Studnicka, Zuzanna
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PUBLIC finance ,TAX evasion ,TAXATION ,AUTHORSHIP - Abstract
We analyze nearly 3,300 submissions to International Tax and Public Finance from 2010–2020 to identify trends in authorship, content, and the overall performance of the journal. Doing so reveals several things. First, in terms of authorship and data sources, there is a clear predominance of OECD countries, especially the US and Europe. These locations particularly dominate publications; while non-OECD authors are on 40% of submissions, they only make up 24% of publications. Second, 90% of submissions have a male coauthor. There is not, however, any significant correlation between author gender and the acceptance rate. Third, issues of tax evasion have become ever more prominent in both submissions and publications. Finally, there is a shift in research towards empirical analysis, especially that using disaggregated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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227. Stakeholder Influence in University Alliance Identity -- An Analysis of European Universities Initiative Mission Statements
- Author
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C. Hartzell, J. Schueller, Flavia Colus, and N. Cristina do Rosário
- Abstract
The European Commission recently incentivized universities to establish alliances in order to institutionalise regional collaboration through the European Universities Initiative (EUI). Alliances are envisioned to maintain Europe's global position and enhance regional integration. Their mission statements are ways of signalling identity and legitimacy and are used for strategic planning and performance frameworks. This study explores how 31 EUI alliances communicate their identity using insights from institutional theory and strategic balance. Findings reveal that EUI alliances anchor their identity within low risk and easily accepted areas of value to stakeholders and project homogenisation in regionally institutionalised areas. However, alliance missions also articulate in varying levels of detail a range of ambitions in claims, which demonstrate areas alliances chose to distinguish themselves. The findings provide insight into how alliances exert bounded agency within a regional initiative and highlight potentially competing tensions within the initiative.
- Published
- 2023
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228. Advancing Internationalization through an International Network: A Case Study of a European Institution
- Author
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Pushpa Asia Neupane
- Abstract
Internationalization in higher education is of growing importance as institutions respond to globalization trends. Cross-border partnerships between institutions have existed for many years, but the number of networks with multiple institutions to further information exchange and build on resources have been increasing more recently. This case study examined one European institution and how it used and was involved in an international network. The research question guiding this study was: How do higher education administrators in a European institution successfully implement internationalization through an international network? Three key themes emerged from the data collected as related to how the institution is successful, the institution: (i) prioritizes the network; (ii) adapts to the network challenges; and (iii) establishes partnerships beyond the network. The findings from the study led to three recommendations for institutional practice: (i) develop a communication plan, including a mission statement; (ii) empower the secretariat to be the key facilitator; and (iii) encourage individualized strategies for each institution. Overall, this case study will help higher education administrators plan for best practices related to using networks to amplify internationalization strategies in their institutions.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
229. Management of patients with multiple myeloma in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a consensus paper from the European Myeloma Network (EMN).
- Author
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Terpos E, Engelhardt M, Cook G, Gay F, Mateos MV, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, van de Donk NWCJ, Avet-Loiseau H, Hajek R, Vangsted AJ, Ludwig H, Zweegman S, Moreau P, Einsele H, Boccadoro M, San Miguel J, Dimopoulos MA, and Sonneveld P
- Subjects
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections transmission, Coronavirus Infections virology, Disease Management, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Multiple Myeloma virology, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral transmission, Pneumonia, Viral virology, SARS-CoV-2, Betacoronavirus isolation & purification, Coronavirus Infections prevention & control, Infection Control methods, Multiple Myeloma therapy, Pandemics prevention & control, Pneumonia, Viral prevention & control, Practice Guidelines as Topic standards, Telemedicine, Time-to-Treatment statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) seem to be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 infection and associated complications due to their immunocompromised state, the older age and comorbidities. The European Myeloma Network has provided an expert consensus statement in order to guide therapeutic decisions in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient education for personal hygiene and social distancing measures, along with treatment individualization, telemedicine and continuous surveillance for early diagnosis of COVID-19 are essential. In countries or local communities where COVID-19 infection is widely spread, MM patients should have a PCR test of nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 before hospital admission, starting a new treatment line, cell apheresis or ASCT in order to avoid ward or community spread and infections. Oral agent-based regimens should be considered, especially for the elderly and frail patients with standard risk disease, whereas de-intensified regimens for dexamethasone, bortezomib, carfilzomib and daratumumab should be used based on patient risk and response. Treatment initiation should not be postponed for patients with end organ damage, myeloma emergencies and aggressive relapses. Autologous (and especially allogeneic) transplantation should be delayed and extended induction should be administered, especially in standard risk patients and those with adequate MM response to induction. Watchful waiting should be considered for standard risk relapsed patients with low tumor burden, and slow biochemical relapses. The conduction of clinical trials should continue with appropriate adaptations to the current circumstances. Patients with MM and symptomatic COVID-19 disease should interrupt anti-myeloma treatment until recovery. For patients with positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, but with no symptoms for COVID-19, a 14-day quarantine should be considered if myeloma-related events allow the delay of treatment. The need for surveillance for drug interactions due to polypharmacy is highlighted. The participation in international COVID-19 cancer registries is greatly encouraged.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
230. Palliative Care Implementation in Long-Term Care Facilities: European Association for Palliative Care White Paper.
- Author
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Froggatt KA, Moore DC, Van den Block L, Ling J, and Payne SA
- Subjects
- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Europe, Humans, Switzerland, Long-Term Care, Palliative Care
- Abstract
Objectives: The number of older people dying in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is increasing globally, but care quality may be variable. A framework was developed drawing on empirical research findings from the Palliative Care for Older People (PACE) study and a scoping review of literature on the implementation of palliative care interventions in LTCFs. The PACE study mapped palliative care in LTCFs in Europe, evaluated quality of end-of-life care and quality of dying in a cross-sectional study of deceased residents of LTCFs in 6 countries, and undertook a cluster-randomized control trial that evaluated the impact of the PACE Steps to Success intervention in 7 countries. Working with the European Association for Palliative Care, a white paper was written that outlined recommendations for the implementation of interventions to improve palliative and end-of-life care for all older adults with serious illness, regardless of diagnosis, living in LTCFs. The goal of the article is to present these key domains and recommendations., Design: Transparent expert consultation., Setting: International experts in LTCFs., Participants: Eighteen (of 20 invited) international experts from 15 countries participated in a 1-day face-to-face Transparent Expert Consultation (TEC) workshop in Bern, Switzerland, and 21 (of 28 invited) completed a follow-up online survey., Methods: The TEC study used (1) a face-to-face workshop to discuss a scoping review and initial recommendations and (2) an online survey., Results: Thirty recommendations about implementing palliative care for older people in LTCFs were refined during the TEC workshop and, of these, 20 were selected following the survey. These 20 recommendations cover domains at micro (within organizations), meso (across organizations), and macro (at national or regional) levels addressed in 3 phases: establishing conditions for action, embedding in everyday practice, and sustaining ongoing change., Conclusions and Implications: We developed a framework of 20 recommendations to guide implementation of improvements in palliative care in LTCFs., (Copyright © 2020 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. Singultus, paper-bag ventilation, and hypercapnia.
- Author
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Petroianu GA
- Subjects
- Europe, Hiccup physiopathology, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Hypercapnia, Physicians, Hiccup history, Hiccup therapy, Hypoventilation therapy
- Abstract
Sir Louis Francis Knuthsen (1869-1957), the physician who painstakingly listed almost all treatments known for obstinate hiccough, ascribes the holding of breath method to Philip Henry Pye-Smith, FRS (1840-1914), consultant at Guy's Hospital in London. In fact, the strategy is much older and was mentioned by greats such as Francis Bacon (1561-1626), Aristoteles (384-322 BC), and Eryximachus (late-fifth century bce). Hypoventilation to reduce central nervous system excitability was used in antiquity as evidenced by Cyriacus' treatment of Artemia, the daughter of Emperor Diocletian (≈ 244-311). She was suffering from (among others) seizures that Cyriacus was apparently controlling by tightening a scarf around her neck, as depicted by Mathias Grünewald (1460-1528) on a wing of the so-called Heller Altar now on display at the Historical Museum, Frankfurt, Germany. In modern times, around 1920, inducing hypercapnia by CO
2 inhalation as therapy for hiccups was suggested and tried by a number of anesthetists, such as Americans Russel Firth Sheldon (1885-1960) and Brian Collins Sword (1889-1956) in Boston; Briton Christopher Langton Hewer (1896-1986) at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London; Austrian Karl Doppler (1887-1947) in Vienna; and the German/Polish Arthur Dzialoszynski (1893-1977) in Berlin. Although various authors assign the scientific primate to any of them, the first mention of carbon dioxide inhalation as treatment of singultus in the scientific literature is of French origin and was made by Paris pharmacist Henri Bocquillon-Limousin (1856-1917) in his 1892 Formulaire des médicaments nouveaux et des médications nouvelles .- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
232. Conducting clinical trials in heart failure during (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic: an Expert Consensus Position Paper from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
- Author
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Anker SD, Butler J, Khan MS, Abraham WT, Bauersachs J, Bocchi E, Bozkurt B, Braunwald E, Chopra VK, Cleland JG, Ezekowitz J, Filippatos G, Friede T, Hernandez AF, Lam CSP, Lindenfeld J, McMurray JJV, Mehra M, Metra M, Packer M, Pieske B, Pocock SJ, Ponikowski P, Rosano GMC, Teerlink JR, Tsutsui H, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Verma S, Voors AA, Wittes J, Zannad F, Zhang J, Seferovic P, and Coats AJS
- Subjects
- COVID-19, Clinical Trials as Topic ethics, Clinical Trials as Topic standards, Europe, Humans, Informed Consent ethics, Informed Consent standards, Patient Safety, Patient Selection ethics, SARS-CoV-2, Betacoronavirus, Clinical Trials as Topic methods, Coronavirus Infections, Heart Failure complications, Heart Failure therapy, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Research Design standards
- Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has important implications for the safety of participants in clinical trials and the research staff caring for them and, consequently, for the trials themselves. Patients with heart failure may be at greater risk of infection with COVID-19 and the consequences might also be more serious, but they are also at risk of adverse outcomes if their clinical care is compromised. As physicians and clinical trialists, it is our responsibility to ensure safe and effective care is delivered to trial participants without affecting the integrity of the trial. The social contract with our patients demands no less. Many regulatory authorities from different world regions have issued guidance statements regarding the conduct of clinical trials during this COVID-19 crisis. However, international trials may benefit from expert guidance from a global panel of experts to supplement local advice and regulations, thereby enhancing the safety of participants and the integrity of the trial. Accordingly, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology on 21 and 22 March 2020 conducted web-based meetings with expert clinical trialists in Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and Asia. The main objectives of this Expert Position Paper are to highlight the challenges that this pandemic poses for the conduct of clinical trials in heart failure and to offer advice on how they might be overcome, with some practical examples. While this panel of experts are focused on heart failure clinical trials, these discussions and recommendations may apply to clinical trials in other therapeutic areas., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
233. Peptide hormone analysis in diagnosis and treatment of Differences of Sex Development: joint position paper of EU COST Action 'DSDnet' and European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions.
- Author
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Johannsen TH, Andersson AM, Ahmed SF, de Rijke YB, Greaves RF, Hartmann MF, Hiort O, Holterhus PM, Krone NP, Kulle A, Ljubicic ML, Mastorakos G, McNeilly J, Pereira AM, Saba A, Wudy SA, Main KM, and Juul A
- Subjects
- Anti-Mullerian Hormone blood, Chromatography, Liquid standards, Disease Management, Europe, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone blood, Humans, Inhibins blood, Luteinizing Hormone blood, Male, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Rare Diseases, Reference Standards, Tandem Mass Spectrometry standards, Disorders of Sex Development diagnosis, Disorders of Sex Development therapy, Immunoassay standards, Peptide Hormones blood
- Abstract
Differences of Sex Development (DSD) comprise a variety of congenital conditions characterized by atypical chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. Diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of patients suspected of DSD conditions include clinical examination, measurement of peptide and steroid hormones, and genetic analysis. This position paper on peptide hormone analyses in the diagnosis and control of patients with DSD was jointly prepared by specialists in the field of DSD and/or peptide hormone analysis from the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action DSDnet (BM1303) and the European Reference Network on rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN). The goal of this position paper on peptide hormone analysis was to establish laboratory guidelines that may contribute to improve optimal diagnosis and treatment control of DSD. The essential peptide hormones used in the management of patients with DSD conditions are follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and Inhibin B. In this context, the following position statements have been proposed: serum and plasma are the preferred matrices; the peptide hormones can all be measured by immunoassay, while use of LC-MS/MS technology has yet to be implemented in a diagnostic setting; sex- and age-related reference values are mandatory in the evaluation of these hormones; and except for Inhibin B, external quality assurance programs are widely available.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
234. Europe as a Celebrated Community of Culture. The Council of Europe’s Art Exhibitions in the 1950s.
- Author
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Spyrou, Lefteris
- Subjects
ART exhibitions ,PAPER arts ,CITIES & towns ,CULTURAL property ,RENAISSANCE - Abstract
Copyright of Artl@s Bulletin is the property of Purdue University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
235. A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses.
- Author
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Neumeyer, Rainer, Baur, Hannes, Guex, Gaston-Denis, and Praz, Christophe
- Subjects
- *
PAPER wasps , *MORPHOMETRICS , *CYTOCHROME oxidase , *GENETIC barcoding , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *PRINCIPAL components analysis - Abstract
We combine multivariate ratio analysis (MRA) of body measurements and analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data to examine the status of several species of European paper wasps (Polistes Latreille, 1802) closely related to P. gallicus. Our analyses unambiguously reveal the presence of a cryptic species in Europe, as two distinct species can be recognized in what has hitherto been considered Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937. One species is almost as light coloured as P. gallicus, and is mainly recorded from Southern Europe and Western Asia. The other species is darker and has a more northern distribution in Central Europe. Both species occur syntopically in Switzerland. Given that the lost lectotype of P. bischoffi originated from Sardinia, we selected a female of the southern species as a neotype. The northern species is described as P. helveticus sp. n. here. We also provide a redescription of P. bischoffi rev. stat. and an identification key including three more closely related species, P. biglumis, P. gallicus and P. hellenicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
236. "Re-Materialized" Medical Data: Paper-Based Transmission of Structured Medical Data Using QR-Code, for Medical Imaging Reports.
- Author
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LAURIOT DIT PREVOST, Arthur, BENTEGEAC, Raphaël, DEQUESNES, Audrey, BILLIAU, Adrien, BAUDELET, Emmanuel, LEGLEYE, Rémi, HUBAUT, Marc-Antoine, CASSAGNOU, Michel, PUECH, Philippe, BESSON, Rémi, and CHAZARD, Emmanuel
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC data interchange ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,TELECONFERENCING ,MEDICAL informatics ,ALGORITHMS ,TELEMEDICINE - Abstract
Although paper-based transmission of medical information might seem outdated, it has proven efficient, and remains structurally safe from massive data leaks. As part of the ICIPEMIR project for improving medical imaging report, we explored the idea of structured data storage within a medical report, by embedding the data themselves in a QR-Code (and no URL-to-the-data). Three different datasets from ICIPEMIR were serialized, then encoded in a QR-Code. We compared 4 compression algorithms to reduce file size before QR-Encoding. YAML was the most concise format (character sparing), and allowed for embedding of a 2633-character serialized file within a QR-Code. The best compression rate was obtained with gzip, with a compression ratio of 2.32 in 15.7ms. Data were easily extracted and decompressed from a digital QR-Code using a simple command line. YAML file was also successfully recovered from the printed QR-Code with both Android and iOS smartphone. Minimal detected size was 3*3cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
237. Discrimination of document paper by XRF, LA–ICP–MS and IRMS using multivariate statistical techniques.
- Author
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van Es, A., de Koeijer, J., and van der Peijl, G.
- Subjects
MULTIVARIATE analysis ,BUSINESS records ,ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of inorganic analysis techniques for the discrimination of document (multipurpose office) paper. A set of 25 different multipurpose office papers from the European market was used for comparison. It appeared that for the single techniques LA–ICP–MS had the highest overall discriminating power. Despite its lower sensitivity, XRF also showed good discriminating power but the correlation with LA–ICP–MS is high. The combination of LA–ICP–MS and IRMS provides a powerful and strongly discriminating set of techniques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
238. The Search for Eden: Paper Towns That Never Were.
- Author
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Nieman, Thomas
- Subjects
URBAN planning ,CITIES & towns ,LANDSCAPES ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,OPPRESSION ,EXPLOITATION of humans ,LAND tenure - Abstract
The pursuit of happiness as an issue in planning for towns in trans-Appalachian America was a prime requisite. It is the intent of this paper to illustrate that, while many of the towns were paper towns that were never actualised, they acted as a catalyst for immigrants seeking to escape the oppression of Europe. Visualised as a new Eden, and promising land ownership with liberty, they were an opiate so strong that even with numerous instances of fraud and deceit the settlers came. Their belief that they had indeed arrived at Eden was so strong that it transcended any and all difficulties. This belief has influenced the planning and development of towns in America up to and including modern times. As long as people believe that their living situation is what is meant for them, their pursuit of happiness is satisfied. They have found their Eden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
239. Evidence of Fungal Spreading by the Grey Silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudatum) in Austrian Museums.
- Author
-
Querner, Pascal and Sterflinger, Katja
- Subjects
GRAPHIC arts ,PAPER arts ,MUSEUMS ,ALTERNARIA ,MODERN art - Abstract
Copyright of Restaurator is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. Position paper on the preparation of immune plasma to be used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
- Author
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Accorsi P, Berti P, de Angelis V, De Silvestro G, Mascaretti L, and Ostuni A
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Viral adverse effects, Blood Banks organization & administration, Blood Banks standards, Blood Donors legislation & jurisprudence, COVID-19, Europe, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Immunization, Passive adverse effects, Immunization, Passive standards, Informed Consent, Italy, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Antibodies, Viral therapeutic use, Betacoronavirus immunology, Coronavirus Infections therapy, Immunization, Passive methods, Plasma immunology, Pneumonia, Viral therapy
- Abstract
Passive immunotherapy with plasma derived from convalescent patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a promising approach in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. It is important that blood establishments are ready to satisfy requests for immune plasma by defining the requirements applicable to plasma donors and the standards for preparation, qualification, storage, distribution, and control of product use. This Position paper aims to give recommendations on the biological characteristics of a plasma preparation from convalescent donors and to support the evaluation of this therapeutic approach in more rigorous investigations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
241. The leading role of pathology in assessing the somatic molecular alterations of cancer: Position Paper of the European Society of Pathology.
- Author
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Matias-Guiu X, Stanta G, Carneiro F, Ryska A, Hoefler G, and Moch H
- Subjects
- Europe, Humans, Neoplasms genetics, Precision Medicine methods, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Neoplasms pathology, Pathologists, Pathology, Molecular
- Abstract
Molecular pathology is an essential part of pathology complementing conventional morphological tools to obtain a correct integrated diagnosis with appropriate assessment of prognosis and prediction of response to therapy, particularly in cancer. There is a concern about the situation of molecular pathology in some areas of Europe, namely, regarding the central role of pathologists in assessing somatic genomic alterations in cancer. In some countries, there are attempts that other laboratory medicine specialists perform the molecular analysis of somatic alterations in cancer, particularly now when next generation sequencing (NGS) is incorporated into clinical practice. In this scenario, pathologists may play just the role of "tissue providers," and other specialists may take the lead in molecular analysis. Geneticists and laboratory medicine specialists have all background and skills to perform genetic analysis of germline alterations in hereditary disorders, including familial forms of cancers. However, interpretation of somatic alterations of cancer belongs to the specific scientific domain of pathology. Pathologists are necessary to guarantee the quality of the results, for several reasons: (1) The identified molecular alterations should be interpreted in the appropriate morphologic context, since most of them are context-specific; (2) pre-analytical issues must be taken into consideration; (3) it is crucial to check the proportion of tumor cells in the sample subjected to analysis and presence of inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis should be monitored; and 4) the role of pathologists is crucial to select the most appropriate methods and to control the turnaround time in which the molecular results are delivered in the context of an integrated diagnosis. Obviously, there is the possibility of having core facilities for NGS in a hospital to perform the sequence analysis that are open to other specialties (microbiologists, geneticists), but also in this scenario, pathologists should have the lead in assessing somatic alterations of cancer. In this article, we emphasize the importance of interpreting somatic molecular alterations of the tumors in the context of morphology. In this Position Paper of the European Society of Pathology, we strongly support a central role of pathology departments in the process of analysis and interpretation of somatic molecular alterations in cancer.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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242. Effects of signalling tax evasion on redistribution and voting preferences: Evidence from the Panama Papers.
- Author
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Ait Bihi Ouali L
- Subjects
- Crime legislation & jurisprudence, Europe, Family Characteristics, Humans, Panama, Social Class, Surveys and Questionnaires, Taxes legislation & jurisprudence, Crime economics, Fraud prevention & control, Politics, Socioeconomic Factors, Taxes economics
- Abstract
This paper provides empirical evidence that individuals substantially revise their stated wealth redistribution preferences after fiscal scandals. The 2016 Panama Papers scandal revealed top-income tax evasion behaviour simultaneously worldwide. The empirical investigation exploits this event as a quasi-natural experiment. I rely on two original datasets, a UK household longitudinal dataset and a survey conducted in 22 European countries. I use a difference-in-differences strategy and find that pro-redistribution statements increased between 2% and 3.3% after the scandal. Responses are heterogeneous and larger for right-wing individuals and low-income individuals. This change in wealth redistribution preferences is likely to have been translated into a slight change in votes. The results suggest an increase in stated voting intentions for the left and a decrease for the right. Complementary estimations reveal that more media coverage and more individuals involved by country increase the magnitude of the response., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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243. Pre-hospital management of patients with chest pain and/or dyspnoea of cardiac origin. A position paper of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA) of the ESC.
- Author
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Beygui F, Castren M, Brunetti ND, Rosell-Ortiz F, Christ M, Zeymer U, Huber K, Folke F, Svensson L, Bueno H, Van't Hof A, Nikolaou N, Nibbe L, Charpentier S, Swahn E, Tubaro M, and Goldstein P
- Subjects
- Acute Coronary Syndrome complications, Acute Coronary Syndrome therapy, Aortic Dissection complications, Aortic Dissection therapy, Arrhythmias, Cardiac complications, Arrhythmias, Cardiac therapy, Cardiac Conduction System Disease complications, Cardiac Conduction System Disease therapy, Cardiac Tamponade complications, Cardiac Tamponade therapy, Cardiovascular Diseases complications, Chest Pain etiology, Disease Management, Dyspnea etiology, Electrocardiography, Europe, Heart Failure complications, Heart Failure therapy, Humans, Patient Transfer, Pericarditis complications, Pericarditis therapy, Pulmonary Embolism complications, Pulmonary Embolism therapy, Risk Assessment, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction complications, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction therapy, Societies, Medical, Cardiovascular Diseases therapy, Chest Pain therapy, Dyspnea therapy, Emergency Medical Services methods
- Abstract
Chest pain and acute dyspnoea are frequent causes of emergency medical services activation. The pre-hospital management of these conditions is heterogeneous across different regions of the world and Europe, as a consequence of the variety of emergency medical services and absence of specific practical guidelines. This position paper focuses on the practical aspects of the pre-hospital treatment on board and transfer of patients taken in charge by emergency medical services for chest pain and dyspnoea of suspected cardiac aetiology after the initial assessment and diagnostic work-up. The objective of the paper is to provide guidance, based on evidence, where available, or on experts' opinions, for all emergency medical services' health providers involved in the pre-hospital management of acute cardiovascular care.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. European Society of Cardiology/Heart Failure Association position paper on the role and safety of new glucose-lowering drugs in patients with heart failure.
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Seferović PM, Coats AJS, Ponikowski P, Filippatos G, Huelsmann M, Jhund PS, Polovina MM, Komajda M, Seferović J, Sari I, Cosentino F, Ambrosio G, Metra M, Piepoli M, Chioncel O, Lund LH, Thum T, De Boer RA, Mullens W, Lopatin Y, Volterrani M, Hill L, Bauersachs J, Lyon A, Petrie MC, Anker S, and Rosano GMC
- Subjects
- Benzhydryl Compounds, Canagliflozin, Clinical Trials as Topic, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors therapeutic use, Europe, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor antagonists & inhibitors, Glucose, Glucosides, Humans, Liraglutide, Societies, Medical, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors therapeutic use, Cardiology standards, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Heart Failure drug therapy, Heart Failure epidemiology, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Significant advances have recently occurred in the treatment of T2DM, with evidence of several new glucose-lowering medications showing either neutral or beneficial cardiovascular effects. However, some of these agents have safety characteristics with strong practical implications in HF [i.e. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), and sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors]. Regarding safety of DPP-4 inhibitors, saxagliptin is not recommended in HF because of a greater risk of HF hospitalisation. There is no compelling evidence of excess HF risk with the other DPP-4 inhibitors. GLP-1 RAs have an overall neutral effect on HF outcomes. However, a signal of harm suggested in two small trials of liraglutide in patients with reduced ejection fraction indicates that their role remains to be defined in established HF. SGLT-2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin) have shown a consistent reduction in the risk of HF hospitalisation regardless of baseline cardiovascular risk or history of HF. Accordingly, SGLT-2 inhibitors could be recommended to prevent HF hospitalisation in patients with T2DM and established cardiovascular disease or with multiple risk factors. The recently completed trial with dapagliflozin has shown a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality and HF events in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction, with or without T2DM. Several ongoing trials will assess whether the results observed with dapagliflozin could be extended to other SGLT-2 inhibitors in the treatment of HF, with either preserved or reduced ejection fraction, regardless of the presence of T2DM. This position paper aims to summarise relevant clinical trial evidence concerning the role and safety of new glucose-lowering therapies in patients with HF., (© 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2019 European Society of Cardiology.)
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- 2020
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245. EACVI communication paper: first international young dedicated multimodal cardiovascular imaging simulation education event organized by the ESC.
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Pezel T, Coisne A, Mahmoud-Elsayed H, Mandoli GE, Elgamal SM, Podlesnikar T, Cameli M, Grapsa J, Lafitte S, Edvardsen T, Donal E, and Dreyfus J
- Subjects
- Communication, Europe, Humans, Multimodal Imaging, Societies, Medical
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- 2020
- Full Text
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246. Diagnosis and risk stratification of chest pain patients in the emergency department: focus on acute coronary syndromes. A position paper of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association.
- Author
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Stepinska J, Lettino M, Ahrens I, Bueno H, Garcia-Castrillo L, Khoury A, Lancellotti P, Mueller C, Muenzel T, Oleksiak A, Petrino R, Guimenez MR, Zahger D, Vrints CJ, Halvorsen S, de Maria E, Lip GY, Rossini R, Claeys M, and Huber K
- Subjects
- Acute Coronary Syndrome epidemiology, Acute Disease, Algorithms, Biomarkers metabolism, Cardiology, Chest Pain epidemiology, Decision Making, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction blood, Patient Care Management standards, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention methods, Risk Assessment, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction physiopathology, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction surgery, Societies, Medical organization & administration, Triage, Troponin blood, Acute Coronary Syndrome diagnosis, Chest Pain diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction diagnosis
- Abstract
This paper provides an update on the European Society of Cardiology task force report on the management of chest pain. Its main purpose is to provide an update on the decision algorithms and diagnostic pathways to be used in the emergency department for the assessment and triage of patients with chest pain symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes.
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- 2020
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247. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Position Paper on Training in Paediatric Endoscopy.
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Broekaert I, Tzivinikos C, Narula P, Antunes H, Dias JA, van der Doef H, Isoldi S, Norsa L, Romano C, Scheers I, Silbermintz A, Tavares M, Torroni F, Urs A, and Thomson M
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- Child, Europe, Humans, Simulation Training trends, Societies, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate trends, Endoscopy education, Gastroenterology education, Pediatrics education
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. An EAPC white paper on multi-disciplinary education for spiritual care in palliative care.
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Best, Megan, Leget, Carlo, Goodhead, Andrew, and Paal, Piret
- Subjects
- *
CLINICAL competence , *CURRICULUM planning , *DECISION making , *PHILOSOPHY of education , *FEAR , *HEALTH care teams , *PALLIATIVE treatment , *PREJUDICES , *SPIRITUAL care (Medical care) , *STAKEHOLDER analysis - Abstract
Background: The EAPC White Paper addresses the issue of spiritual care education for all palliative care professionals. It is to guide health care professionals involved in teaching or training of palliative care and spiritual care; stakeholders, leaders and decision makers responsible for training and education; as well as national and local curricula development groups. Methods: Early in 2018, preliminary draft paper was written by members of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) spiritual care reference group inviting comment on the four core elements of spiritual care education as outlined by Gamondi et al. (2013) in their paper on palliative care core competencies. The preliminary draft paper was circulated to experts from the EAPC spiritual care reference group for feedback. At the second stage feedback was incorporated into a second draft paper and experts and representatives of national palliative care organizations were invited to provide feedback and suggest revisions. The final version incorporated the subsequent criticism and as a result, the Gamondi framework was explored and critically revised leading to updated suggestions for spiritual care education in palliative care. Results: The EAPC white paper points out the importance of spiritual care as an integral part of palliative care and suggests incorporating it accordingly into educational activities and training models in palliative care. The revised spiritual care education competencies for all palliative care providers are accompanied by the best practice models and research evidence, at the same time being sensitive towards different development stages of the palliative care services across the European region. Conclusions: Better education can help the healthcare practitioner to avoid being distracted by their own fears, prejudices, and restraints and attend to the patient and his/her family. This EAPC white paper encourages and facilitates high quality, multi-disciplinary, academically and financially accessible spiritual care education to all palliative care staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. The need for Pan‐European automatic pollen and fungal spore monitoring: A stakeholder workshop position paper.
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Tummon, Fiona, Arboledas, Lucas Alados, Bonini, Maira, Guinot, Benjamin, Hicke, Martin, Jacob, Christophe, Kendrovski, Vladimir, McCairns, William, Petermann, Eric, Peuch, Vincent‐Henri, Pfaar, Oliver, Sicard, Michaël, Sikoparija, Branko, and Clot, Bernard
- Subjects
- *
FUNGAL spores , *POLLEN , *CLIMATOLOGY , *ENVIRONMENTAL management , *UNITS of measurement - Abstract
Background: Information about airborne pollen concentrations is required by a range of end users, particularly from the health sector who use both observations and forecasts to diagnose and treat allergic patients. Manual methods are the standard for such measurements but, despite the range of pollen taxa that can be identified, these techniques suffer from a range of drawbacks. This includes being available at low temporal resolution (usually daily averages) and with a delay (usually 3–9 days from the measurement). Recent technological developments have made possible automatic pollen measurements, which are available at high temporal resolution and in real time, although currently only scattered in a few locations across Europe. Materials & Methods: To promote the development of an extensive network across Europe and to ensure that this network will respond to end user needs, a stakeholder workshop was organised under the auspices of the EUMETNET AutoPollen Programme. Participants discussed requirements for the groups they represented, ranging from the need for information at various spatial scales, at high temporal resolution, and for targeted services to be developed. Results: The provision of real‐time information is likely to lead to a notable decrease in the direct and indirect health costs associated with allergy in Europe, currently estimated between €50–150 billion/year.1 Discussion & Conclusion: A European measurement network to meet end user requirements would thus more than pay for itself in terms of potential annual savings and provide significant impetus to research across a range of disciplines from climate science and public health to agriculture and environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
250. Therapeutic strategies for severe COVID-19: a position paper from the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT).
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Mussini, Cristina, Falcone, Marco, Nozza, Silvia, Sagnelli, Caterina, Parrella, Roberto, Meschiari, Marianna, Petrosillo, Nicola, Mastroianni, Claudio, Cascio, Antonio, Iaria, Chiara, Galli, Massimo, Chirianni, Antonio, Sagnelli, Evangelista, Iacobello, Carmelo, Di Perri, Giovanni, Mazzotta, Francesco, Carosi, Giampiero, Tinelli, Marco, Grossi, Paolo, and Armignacco, Orlando
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *PANDEMICS , *CORONAVIRUS disease treatment , *TROPICAL medicine , *COVID-19 treatment - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become pandemic, reaching almost one million death worldwide. At present standard treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not well defined because the evidence, either from randomized or observational studies, with conflicting results, has led to rapid changes in treatment guidelines. Our aim was to narratively summarize the available literature on the management of COVID-19 in order to combine current evidence and interpretation of the data by experts who are treating patients in the frontline setting. The panel conducted a detailed review of the literature and eventual press releases from randomized clinical trials for each possible available treatment. Inductive PubMed search waws performed for publications relevant to the topic, including all clinical trials conducted. The result was a flowchart with treatment indications for patients with COVID-19. After 6 months of a pandemic situation and before a possible second coronavirus wave descends on Europe, it is important to evaluate which drugs proved to be effective while also considering that results from many randomized clinical trials are still awaited. Indeed, among treatments for COVID-19, only glucocorticoids have resulted in an association with a significant decrease in mortality in published randomized controlled trials. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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