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Abstract This viewpoint paper focuses on challenges for Swiss physiotherapy education institutes related to the transition towards evidence-based practice and the incorporation of advanced roles within the profession. To tackle such challenges, it is essential to establish structured pathways and competency frameworks and position physiotherapists as integral contributors to innovative healthcare.

Background Physiotherapists have strong knowledge and skills to deal with many of the functional problems that result from cancer treatment. The role of physiotherapy spans from cancer prevention to palliative and end of life care. Physiotherapeutic interventions offer a solution for many of the impairments experienced by patients living with and beyond cancer such as declines in physical function and quality of life. Specialized physiotherapeutic interventions can manage complex cancer-related side effects. The aim of this position paper is to outline the role of physiotherapy in the cancer journey. Material and methods The research was performed by eleven physiotherapy experts in oncology between May and October 2021 by using PubMed, PeDro and clinical guidelines databases. The search was divided according to the phases of the cancer journey: primary and secondary prevention, prehabilitation, during cancer treatment, post-treatment cancer rehabilitation, long-term rehabilitation of people living after cancer and advanced cancer. The role of physiotherapy is described and statements for each phase are developed. The final text was reviewed by three external reviewers, who provided feedback to improve the final version. Results Ten statements were developed by the authors, including general statements and statements for the different phases of the cancer journey. An infographic compiles all the statements providing a general and graphic vision of the role of physiotherapy in cancer care, based on the evidence. Conclusions Physiotherapists play an increasingly important role in the multidisciplinary care of cancer survivors. Many oncology physiotherapists have skills that can help to manage cancer-related impairments such as lymphedema, functional decline and cancer-related fatigue. Physiotherapists have strong knowledge and skills to deal with many of the functional problems that result from cancer treatment. Rehabilitation services, including physiotherapy, should be integrated at the point of diagnosis to assess an individual's baseline functional performance status and inform about the cancer care plan.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of mobile video-guided home exercise program and standard paper-based home exercise program. Methods: Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either experimental group with mobile video-guided home exercise program or control group with home exercise program in a standard pamphlet for three months. The primary outcome was exercise adherence. The secondary outcomes were self-efficacy for exercise by Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale; and functional outcomes including mobility level by Modified Functional Ambulatory Category (MFAC) and basic activities of daily living (ADL) by Modified Barthel Index (MBI). All outcomes were captured by phone interviews at 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after the participants were discharged from the hospitals. Results: A total of 56 participants were allocated to the experimental group (n=27) and control group (n=29). There were a significant between-group differences in 3-months exercise adherence (experimental group: 75.6%; control group: 55.2%); significant between-group differences in 1-month SEE (experimental group: 58.4; control group: 43.3) and 3-month SEE (experimental group: 62.2; control group: 45.6). For functional outcomes, there were significant between-group differences in 3-month MFAC gain (experimental group: 1.7; control group: 1.0). There were no between-group differences in MBI gain. Conclusion: The use of mobile video-guided home exercise program was superior to standard paper-based home exercise program in exercise adherence, SEE and mobility gain but not basic ADL gain for patients recovering from stroke.

Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting: a Position Paper of the Italian Association of Respiratory Physiotherapists (ARIR) On February 2020, Italy, especially the northern regions, was hit by an epidemic of the new SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus that spread from China between December 2019 and January 2020. The entire healthcare system had to respond promptly in a very short time to an exponential growth of the number of subjects affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) with the need of semi-intensive and intensive care units.

There is a gap in research on how best to support exercise in moderate to severe MS. The objective of this study is to share perspectives of people living with MS and physiotherapists on their experiences in a randomized clinical trial of online physiotherapy vs. an active comparator. Semi-structured exit interviews were conducted with volunteer participants from the online and comparator arms of the trial, and focus groups were held with study physiotherapists. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Perspectives from participants with MS yielded three themes: usability of their program, utility of their program, and motivation to participate. Visual and dexterity impairments limited the usability of the online program. Having an opportunity "to be pushed" was valued by participants in both trial arms. Motivation to exercise was variable, and participants desired periodic face-to-face contact with their physiotherapists. Perspectives from trial physiotherapists yielded similar and complementary findings concerning usability and utility. Participants with MS and physiotherapists found the online physiotherapy platform useful for supporting exercise, yet they identified some limitations. As the appeal of online platforms has increased since the pandemic, it will be important to consider the needs of people with moderate to severe MS. NCT03039400. People with moderate-to-severe MS and physiotherapists involved in a clinical trial found online physiotherapy useful for supporting exercise. Physiotherapists and participants using the online program desired improved platform accommodations for people living with MS with visual and dexterity impairments. Physiotherapists and people living with MS from both the online exercise program and comparator groups perceived a need for more face-to-face contact and opportunities to build therapeutic alliance. Perspectives from prescribing physiotherapists and people living with MS about supporting exercise online may have practice implications during and post-pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Physical therapy modalities are often applied in treatment of neurological conditions in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the methodological quality of research focusing on the application of physical therapy modalities in children and adolescents with neurological conditions. METHODS: Papers published between 2007 and 2018 were included in the review. 149 papers were analyzed and finally 26 studies investigating the use of physical therapy modalities in children and adolescents with neurological conditions were included in the review. Jadad scale (0–5) was used to assess the methodological value of the studies. RESULTS: The mean Jadad score was 1.46 (researcher 1) and 1.38 (researcher 2). A score of 0 was awarded to nine (r1) and eight papers (r2). A score of 5 points was awarded to three (r1) and two papers (r2). CONCLUSION: 1. The evidence showing the effectiveness of the use of physical therapy modalities is mainly of low quality. 2. The Jadad scale is a valuable tool to assess the quality of research, although it does not always reflect the real value in the case children participate in studies. 3. The analyzed studies show that physical therapy modalities are effective in the treatment of children and adolescents with neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first of two papers which examine the relationship between professional organisations and organisational change. Different theoretical paradigms for change are outlined against the historical development of the physiotherapy profession in South Africa. An evolutionary approach using an open systems framework emphasises the need for constant interaction by the physiotherapy profession with the external environment. Some of the responses by the physiotherapy profession to the changing events and shifts in the external environment are discussed and some strategic recommendations for the continuing sustainability of the profession are made.

Introduction and hypothesis: Pelvic floor physiotherapy has been utilized extensively over the past decades for the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the most frequently cited articles on pelvic floor physiotherapy published in the last 30 years.Methods: A PubMed search of all articles published between 1983 and 2013 was performed. Articles with more than 100 citations were identified as “classic,” and were further analyzed based on author names, year of publication, journal of publication, subject, study design, country of research, and number of citations. In 2017, a new search for papers on pelvic floor physiotherapy was conducted using the same methods to compare them with the 2013 data.Results: Of 1,285 articles published between 1983 and 2013, only 20 articles were cited more than 100 times. Among them, we found 12 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and only 4 reviews. The most common topics among the classic articles were behavior therapy, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), biofeedback-assisted PFMT, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. In 2017, we found 1,745 papers containing the term “pelvic floor physiotherapy,” indicating an increase of around 35% in 4 years.Conclusions: Although there is a fast-growing number of publications, we still have few classic papers on pelvic floor physiotherapy, concentrated in a few research centers. However, the large number of RCTs shows that these papers have a high scientific level, confirming that they can be classified as classic papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Telehealth and mHealth apps become increasingly popular in health professions such as physiotherapy calling for increased awareness on functionality, privacy, and data security. Objectives: This work presents a functionality, privacy, and data-security evaluation of four telehealth services commonly used in physiotherapy. Methods: We examined functionality and features, data protection, privacy implementations and data-security with a questionnaire and performed an in-depth investigation of the services. Results: Privacy and security relevant findings such as use of outdated webservers, problems with certificate renewal as well as questionable GDPR compliance were reported. Conclusion: Due to the privacy and security relevant findings in this analysis it can be concluded that there is a need for improvement in design, development, operation as well as regulation of telehealth apps and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the glowing advancement of Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT), clear evidence about its effectiveness in stroke is still scarce. Hence it is essential to review the current information to provide up-to-date insight. Therefore the aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of VRT on the balance and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with stroke. Data Sources: A literature search was done in Google Scholar, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. Eligibility Criteria: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published from June 2014 to January 2020, evaluating the effects of VRT on the balance and/ or HRQoL in stroke. Fourteen eligible trials were analyzed, of which, 7 studies focused on balance and 7 on HRQoL. Quality Appraisal: Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane tool. Results: Most of the trials supported the effectiveness of VRT in improving balance and HRQoL. However, few trials reported similar improvements in HRQoL using VRT via Nintendo WiiTM games and conventional physiotherapy. Conclusions: High to moderate evidence supports the effectiveness of VRT use in improving balance and HRQoL in stroke survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lack of a clear answer regarding the efficacy of physiotherapy in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) has led to attempts to critically assess the scientific studies conducted to date. Materials and Methods: Two databases (MEDLINE via PubMed and PEDro) and Google Scholar were used to search for papers. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials, case series, and case reports that evaluate the effects of physiotherapy in the treatment of patients with CuTS. Results: A total of 18 studies met the eligibility criteria, capturing a total of 425 participants. Seven papers were randomized controlled trials, three more described prospective studies without a control group, and eight papers contained case reports. An analysis of the literature evaluating the effectiveness of various forms of broadly defined physiotherapy indicates that their use can have a beneficial effect in reducing many subjective and objective symptoms and improving function. In the majority of papers included in this review, their authors indicated positive therapeutic effects. Only one randomized controlled trial reported no change following therapy. It can therefore be stated that the results of the research conducted so far are optimistic. However, only 7 of the 18 papers were randomized controlled trials, while 3 were prospective studies, and 8 papers were case studies, in which 23 people with CuTS were studied. Conclusions: The small number of randomized clinical trials and their considerable heterogeneity do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness of physiotherapy in the conservative treatment of CuTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of motor symptoms of degenerative cerebellar ataxia remains difficult. Yet there are recent developments that are likely to lead to significant improvements in the future. Most desirable would be a causative treatment of the underlying cerebellar disease. This is currently available only for a very small subset of cerebellar ataxias with known metabolic dysfunction. However, increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of hereditary ataxia should lead to an increasing number of medically sensible drug trials. In this paper, data from recent drug trials in patients with recessive and dominant cerebellar ataxias will be summarized. There is consensus that up to date, no medication has been proven effective. Aminopyridines and acetazolamide are the only exception, which are beneficial in patients with episodic ataxia type 2. Aminopyridines are also effective in a subset of patients presenting with downbeat nystagmus. As such, all authors agreed that the mainstays of treatment of degenerative cerebellar ataxia are currently physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. For many years, well-controlled rehabilitation studies in patients with cerebellar ataxia were lacking. Data of recently published studies show that coordinative training improves motor function in both adult and juvenile patients with cerebellar degeneration. Given the well-known contribution of the cerebellum to motor learning, possible mechanisms underlying improvement will be outlined. There is consensus that evidence-based guidelines for the physiotherapy of degenerative cerebellar ataxia need to be developed. Future developments in physiotherapeutical interventions will be discussed including application of non-invasive brain stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate whether, in patients with trauma and soft tissue injuries of the wrist, hand and/or fingers, an exercise program performed on a touchscreen tablet-based app reduces the consumption of face-to-face resources and improves clinical recovery, compared to a conventional home exercise program prescribed on paper. Design: Pragmatic, multicentre, parallel, two-group, controlled clinical trial with blinded assessor. Participants and setting: Eighty-one patients with traumatic bone and/or soft tissue injuries of the hand, wrist and/or fingers recruited in four hospitals of the Andalusian Public Health System. Interventions: The experimental group received a home exercise program using a touchscreen tablet application and the control group received a home exercise program on paper. Both groups received the same treatment of face-to-face physiotherapy. Primary outcome: Number of physiotherapy sessions. Secondary outcomes were the duration of physiotherapy and clinical variables such as functional ability, grip strength, pain and manual dexterity. Results: The experimental group required fewer physiotherapy sessions (MD −11,5 sessions; 95% CI −21.4 to −1.4), showed a shorter duration of physiotherapy (MD −3.8 weeks, 95% CI −7 to −1) and had better recovery of grip strength, pain and dexterity compared to the control group. Conclusions: In patients with trauma and soft tissue injuries of the wrist, hand and/or fingers, an exercise program performed on a touchscreen tablet-based app in combination with face-to-face physiotherapy reduces the consumption of face-to-face resources and improves clinical recovery, compared to conventional home exercise program prescribed on paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: Physiotherapists are health professionals who enhance mobility and quality of life (QoL) through clinical reasoning and the application of evaluation and treatment strategies. Their role is crucial in promoting health, preventing injury, and maintaining function. Aim: This paper aims to (1) share early experiences and learnings from integrating physiotherapy in rural primary health care, (2) discuss the scope and role of physiotherapists in the primary care team, (3) list the competencies of physiotherapists in rural primary care settings, and (4) advocate for a re-imagined role of physiotherapists as multi-skilled "primary care physiotherapists." Setting and Method: Using a selection of case stories from rural primary health care settings, the paper provides insights into the integration and impact of physiotherapy within these communities. Results: The integration of physiotherapy in rural primary health care has demonstrated significant benefits in promoting comprehensive primary health care. The case stories highlight the expanded scope and essential competencies of physiotherapists as vital members of the primary care team. Conclusion: This paper emphasizes the critical role physiotherapy plays in primary health care and calls for broader recognition and support for physiotherapists. It underscores the need for a re-imagined perspective of physiotherapists in rural settings, advocating for their role as multi-skilled primary care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterised by widespread pain, sleep disturbance, headache, stiffness and fatigue. There are a number of potential detrimental factors on bone health in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome including immobility, depression, lack of sunlight and poor nutrition. In this article, the literature relating to fibromyalgia syndrome and bone health is reviewed, and evidence is provided for the potential role of physiotherapy in treating fibromyalgia and maintaining bone health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in tertiary education at Universities of Applied Sciences recommend a high level of competence orientation. This can be achieved and evaluated by the definition of Learning Outcomes. Furthermore, these Outcomes can assure a comparison of the level of education after graduation. Efforts should be made to achieve this form of Quality Assurance for the professional education of physiotherapists.

Research on patient-centeredness within physiotherapy points to a need for clarification about what the concept entails in science and practice and how research positions itself within health care. Thus, the aim is to systematically map the characteristics of research on patient-centeredness in physiotherapy and critically discuss the dominant understandings within. A systematic research mapping was carried out, based on searches in leading bibliographic databases. Four categories were selected in order to characterize the research field: focus, design, theoretical approach and inherent logic. Of 5,324 studies, 101 were included in the final mapping, pointing to a limited amount of research. The papers included were published in 47 different journals. Two major research foci emerges: one testing or developing technologies (tools) to promote patient-centeredness and one exploring patients' or professionals' experiences related to physiotherapy practice. Most papers reported on empirical research and there seems to be a dearth of conceptual papers. The theoretical approaches applied were mainly psychological, pedagogical and biomedical. The papers included were divided into equal amounts of studies carried out within inherent logics of causality and complexity. The mapping suggests an incipient awareness of patient-centeredness within the research field of physiotherapy. Empirical studies dominate the field, whereas conceptual and critical papers seem in need of wider acknowledgment. The research field is divided into two mutually disconnected trends: one concerned with understanding the complexity of clinical practice and patients' experiences of treatment and illness, and another trend concerned with solving "the problem" of patient involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting. Topics include the hospitals entire buildings and wards have been converted in semi-intensive and trained dedicated COVID-19 teams consisting of physicians, the acute hypoxemic patients may experience dyspnoea that may persist despite the administration of oxygen flows, and the potential rapid worsening of hypoxemia with subsequent need of intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation.

During the past decade the healthcare industry has evolved from paper-based storage of clinical data into the digital era. Electronic healthcare records play a crucial role to meet the growing need for integrated data-storage and data communication. In this context a new law was issued in Belgium on December 7th, 2005, which requires physiotherapists (but also nurses and speech therapists) to keep an electronic version of the registry. This (electronic) registry contains all physiotherapeutic acts, starting from January 1, 2007. Up until that day, a paper version of the registry had to be created every month. This article describes the development of an electronic version of the registry that not only meets all legal constraints, but also enables to verify the traceability and inalterability of the generated documents, by means of SHA-256 codes. One of the major concerns of the process was that the rationale behind the electronic registry would conform well to the common practice of the physiotherapist. Therefore we opted for a periodic recording of a standardized “image” of the controllable data, in the patient database of the software-system, into the XML registry messages. The proposed XSLT schema can also form a basis for the development of tools that can be used by the controlling authorities. Hopefully the electronic registry for physiotherapists will be a first step towards the future development of a fully integrated electronic physiotherapy record. By means of a certification procedure for the software systems, we succeeded in developing a user friendly system that enables end-users that use a quality labeled software package, to automatically produce all the legally necessary documents concerning the registry. Moreover, we hope that this development will be an incentive for non-users to start working in an electronic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To review the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of physiotherapy when delivered remotely. CINAHL, MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, and Cochrane Library databases (January 2015–February 2022) were searched and screened for papers (of any design) investigating remote physiotherapy. Data were extracted by two independent raters. Methodological quality of the identified papers was not assessed. Thematic content analysis drew out the key issues. Forty-one papers (including nine systemic reviews and six with meta-analyses) were selected involving musculoskeletal, stroke and neurological, pulmonary, and cardiac conditions. The most commonly delivered intervention was remote exercise provision, usually following assessment which was completed in-person. All studies, which assessed it, found that remote physiotherapy was comparably effective to in-person delivery at lower cost. Patient satisfaction was high, they found remote physiotherapy to be more accessible and convenient. It boosted confidence and motivation by reminding patients when and how to exercise but adherence was mixed. No adverse events were reported. Barriers related to access to the technology; technical problems and concerns about therapists' workload. Remote physiotherapy is safe, feasible, and acceptable to patients. Its effects are comparable with traditional care at lower cost. Remote physiotherapy is safe, feasible, and acceptable to patients with comparable effects to in-person care. Remote delivery increases access to physiotherapy especially for those who cannot travel to a treatment facility whether due to distance or disability. Remote physiotherapy may increase adherence to exercise by reminding patients when and how to exercise. Remote physiotherapy does not suit everyone, thus a hybrid system with both in-person and remote delivery may be most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fizioterapija is the property of Slovenian Association of Physiotherapists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Internationally, hip or knee arthroplasty (TJA) with a 1-day hospital length of stay (LOS) is common and demonstrates improved patient and health service outcomes. This study aimed to develop and pilot an enhanced recovery program (ERP) for patients undergoing TJA to achieve a next-day discharge in an Australian public hospital setting. Methods: A project lead and six perioperative clinical craft group leads developed an ERP protocol based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) principles. Strict patient eligibility criteria were developed. Quality improvement methodology was used to implement the ERP. A patient navigator was put in place as a single contact point for patients. Results: A total of 825 patients were screened for the ERP and 47 patients completed the protocol. The mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) of the LOS was 34.7 (± 7.2) h with 41 patients (87%) achieving next-day discharge, the remaining six (13%) discharged on Day 2. Compliance with ERAS was high (96%) with mobilisation within 12 h occurring on 87% of occasions. There were no adverse events. Patient experience was positive. Conclusion: Next-day discharge was achieved with a selected cohort of patients with no adverse events and positive patient experience, using a multidisciplinary approach and an improvement framework. Broadening inclusion criteria will make ERP available to more patients. What is known about the topic? Next-day discharge following hip or knee arthroplasty in Australian public hospital settings is uncommon and little has been published reflecting enhanced recovery principles in this local context. What does this paper add? This paper describes the development and piloting of an enhanced recovery program using a novel approach to achieve next-day discharge following hip and knee replacement. What are the implications for practitioners? Other health services may leverage this approach to design and implement an enhanced recovery program to reduce hospital length of stay and improve patient and health service outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Psychosocial factors are a barrier to recovery for people with musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial screening tools are consistently recommended by best practice guidelines to assist in identification. However, many physiotherapists do not use these tools. Presently, the perspectives on psychosocial screening tools of Australian physiotherapists are unknown. Exploration of these factors may create targets for increased uptake. The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively explore Australian physiotherapists' attitudes, perceptions, and behaviours towards psychosocial screening tools for musculoskeletal pain conditions. Materials and Methods: An Interpretive description qualitative study design was employed. Seventeen Australian physiotherapists were interviewed about their attitudes, perceptions, and behaviours towards psychosocial screening tools. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to interpretive description. Results: Analysis highlighted three major themes: (1) understanding the patient through psychosocial screening, (2) confidence and competence with psychosocial factors, and (3) factors outside of my control influence screening. Conclusions: This study presents a deeper understanding of Australian physiotherapists' diverse attitudes and practices regarding psychosocial screening tools. The research highlights not only the variability in perspectives towards the relevance of psychosocial factors in patient assessments, but also the influence of external elements such as patient demographics and clinic culture on the utilization of these screening methods. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Australian physiotherapists' varying attitudes and limited understanding of the impact of psychosocial factors may hinder the use of recommended psychosocial screening. Concerns about scope of practice, tool appropriateness for different patients, and clinic culture further challenge the integration of psychosocial assessments. The findings from this study indicate the need to provide more education to Australian physiotherapists on the importance and use of psychosocial risk factor screening, as part of clinical care standards and best practice guidelines in the management of patients, with musculoskeletal pain conditions. The findings from this study can support the creation of targeted training/innovations to improve the uptake of screening tools in Australian musculoskeletal clinical practice, to improve the care of patients with musculoskeletal pain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Continuous health promotion systems are increasingly important, enabling decentralized patient care, providing comfort, and reducing congestion in healthcare facilities. These systems allow for treatment beyond clinical settings and support preventive monitoring. Wearable systems have become essential tools for health monitoring, but they focus mainly on physiological data, overlooking motor data evaluation. The World Health Organization reports that 1.71 billion people globally suffer from musculoskeletal conditions, marked by pain and limited mobility. (2) Methods: To gain a deeper understanding of wearables for the motor rehabilitation, monitoring, and prediction of the progression and/or degradation of symptoms directly associated with upper-limb pathologies, this study was conducted. Thus, all articles indexed in the Web of Science database containing the terms "wearable", "upper limb", and ("rehabilitation" or "monitor" or "predict") between 2019 and 2023 were flagged for analysis. (3) Results: Out of 391 papers identified, 148 were included and analyzed, exploring pathologies, technologies, and their interrelationships. Technologies were categorized by typology and primary purpose. (4) Conclusions: The study identified essential sensory units and actuators in wearable systems for upper-limb physiotherapy and analyzed them based on treatment methods and targeted pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bell palsy is a sudden facial nerve paralysis that affects many individuals annually. It significantly impacts patients and their families, leading to a reduced quality of life if left untreated. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework focuses on outcome measures, functional limitations, and overall quality of life of the patients. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management of the condition. In order to standardize clinical practice and contribute to recommendations of certain interventions, this paper focuses on the optimal dosage of physiotherapy intervention for Bell palsy patients, which includes exercise therapy and electrotherapy. Case presentation: An Indian 33-year-old male visited our physiotherapy department 15 days after being diagnosed with right-sided Bell palsy with unknown aetiology. His chief complaints were right-eye dryness, facial pain, drooping of the face, and difficulty performing facial activities. The outcome measures are the strength duration curve (SD curve), House-Brackmann grading, manual muscle testing, and visual analogue scale (VAS) scale. The physiotherapy intervention includes two primary components: electrotherapy and exercise therapy. Conclusion: The Kabat rehabilitation technique, along with nerve stimulation and an active exercise regimen, is significantly effective in treating Bell palsy, and the outcome measures show significant improvement with optimal therapy dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The WHO emphasises that rehabilitation services must be integrated into primary healthcare as an inherent part of universal health coverage. However, there is limited research on the integration of rehabilitation services in primary healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the literature on service guidelines, models, and protocols that support the integration of rehabilitation services in primary healthcare in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). Methods: A scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework was conducted. Structured database and website searches identified published and unpublished records from 2010, which were subjected to eligibility criteria. Mendeley, JBI SUMARI, and Microsoft Excel were used to extract and synthesise the data. Results: The search strategy identified 542 records. Thirty-two records met the inclusion criteria. Shared care and community-based rehabilitation were the most reported practice models, and the implementation of the models, guidelines, and protocols was mostly described in mental health services. Conclusion: This review discusses BRICS countries' rehabilitation service guidelines, models, and protocols for primary healthcare integration and implementation challenges. Rehabilitation professionals should rethink, realign, and apply existing models because of the lack of primary healthcare integration directives. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The integration of rehabilitation services in low-resourced and remote settings can be improved by involving community health workers and community rehabilitation workers in transdisciplinary teams. Peer support workers and community health workers can improve rehabilitation outcomes, particularly through shared care models that emphasize peer-to-peer learning, mentoring, and coaching. Self-management interventions can have a positive impact on functional outcomes. Integrated rehabilitation services in primary healthcare can be supported through community-based rehabilitation, which emphasises community involvement and engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent marketing literature suggests that brand orientation is an alternative concept for the public health because it is believed to address the shortcomings of market orientation. Brand orientation is specifically of interest to the sector of healthcare, due to the complex nature of the sector. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to find out what the possibilities are of brand orientation for local healthcare providers. The study shows that brand orientation is relevant for physical therapy primary healthcare organizations (PTPHOs), but is not always adopted effectively. PTPHOs are strongly focused on the patient as the only stakeholder. A more powerful option would be to choose a brand positioning strategy for all relevant stakeholders. PTPHOs have to design integrated marketing activities to encourage consumers directly to use our products/services, and to encourage suppliers, distributors, and other key stakeholders to promote our products/services to consumers. In order to safeguard their role and position in the context of community care for the future, the PTPHO is challenged to become more active and more visible, and must collaborate more with other (healthcare) professionals in the community, broaden their services, and focus more on the (future) needs of the citizen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-specific back pain is a global concern. Exercise and health education are crucial components in its management. The Back School is a theoretical practical program that integrates both elements. The objective of this study is to determine if Back School-based programs are effective in reducing pain, disability, and kinesiophobia in patients with non-specific back pain. Methods: A systematic review of research involving participants with non-specific back pain was carried out on databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline. Results: In total, 25 papers were chosen for review. All of these papers focused on the effects on the lumbar area, with the exception of one paper that specifically targeted the cervical region. The pain variable showed statistically significant results with standardized mean differences of −1.01 (950 confidence interval = −1.39 to −0.63; p < 0.001), and the disability variable had standardized mean differences of −0.98 (95% confidence interval = −1.38 to −0.58; p < 0.001), and only one study analysed the kinesiophobia variable and concluded that Back School programs have a positive effect on kinesiophobia between the baseline and post-intervention levels. Conclusions: Back School programs have shown effectiveness in reducing non-specific back pain and lowering disability rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Post-stroke patients constitute a large group suffering from disabilities that require rehabilitation long after discharge. Quality indicators (QIs) that specify the minimum expected standard of quality in outpatient rehabilitation could contribute to the valuation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation on decision-makers, health professionals, patients, and relatives. This review aims to identify QIs focusing on physiotherapists' outpatient rehabilitation of stroke patients. Materials and methods: The databases Cinahl, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for publications, and the grey literature was also searched. Through a pragmatic appraisal and assessment with the modified AGREE II-QI instrument, relevant QIs were selected. Results: A total of 1129 papers were retrieved, and five papers presenting 91 QIs were included. Thirty-six QIs were considered relevant to physiotherapy in outpatient rehabilitation. The QIs cover structure, process, and outcome and concern basic mobility, spasticity, organisation and content of the training, patient-reported outcome measures, education of patients and relatives, and follow-up and goal setting. Conclusions: The study appraised 36 QIs relevant for outpatient rehabilitation of stroke survivors conducted by physiotherapists. A Delphi panel is required to develop the final set of QIs for physiotherapists and, subsequently, the development of a core set of multidisciplinary QIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide increase in the number of disorders requiring rehabilitation is weighing more and more on healthcare systems, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Emergent technologies and techniques should be used more and more in both physical and psychological rehabilitation, after a thorough study of their potential and effects. Our paper presents an original virtual reality-based system including gamified immersive physio-psychological exercises, which was tested in a clinical setting with 25 patients suffering from various musculoskeletal, neuromotor, or mental disorders. A thorough testing protocol was followed during a two-week period, including repeated trials, progress tracking, and objective and subjective instruments used for data collection. A statistical analysis helped us identify interesting correlations between complex virtual reality games and people's performance, and the high level of relaxation and stress relief (4.57 out of 5 across all games) which can be offered by VR-based psychotherapy exercises, as well as the increased ease of use (4.26 out of 5 perceived across all games) of properly designed training exercises regardless of patients' level of VR experience (84% of patients with no or low experience and no patient with high experience). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dizziness and vertigo are common referrals to Ear Nose Throat (ENT) outpatient services however these services have long waitlists for assessment. Primary contact physiotherapy-led vestibular clinics are recognized as improving access to care. This pilot study investigated agreement between physiotherapists and an ENT medical practitioner for diagnostic and management decisions in patients attending a primary contact physiotherapy-led vestibular clinic. Methods: Prospective blinded inter-rater agreement study undertaken in an ENT primary contact physiotherapy-led vestibular clinic. Participants were adults referred to ENT from general practitioners, triaged (Category 2 or 3) to the primary contact physiotherapy-led vestibular clinic with clinical symptoms consistent with vestibular disorder. Primary outcome measures included agreement of diagnoses and management decisions made by an ENT medical practitioner and Physiotherapist based on a vestibular physiotherapy assessment. Adverse events were reviewed 11 months post data collection. Gwet's first order agreement co-efficient (AC1) calculated inter-rater reliability between physiotherapy and ENT. Results: Fifty-one participants were recruited consecutively from the primary contact physiotherapy-led vestibular clinic. Physiotherapy and ENT had a substantial agreement (AC1 0.613) on diagnosis. AC1 between physiotherapy and ENT for recommending Magnetic resonance imaging (0.810) and computerized tomography (0.935) both indicated near perfect agreement. There was moderate to near-perfect agreement regarding management recommendations between physiotherapy and ENT. Substantial agreement (AC1 0.720) was found for recommendations for ENT input, near perfect agreement (AC1 0.933) for neurology input and moderate agreement (AC1 0.574) for physiotherapy input. There were no adverse events from physiotherapist's management decision, based on final recommendations undertaken 11-months post data collection. Conclusions: Physiotherapists and ENT medical practitioner made comparable diagnostic and management decisions, based on physiotherapy and audiology hearing assessment, for adults with signs of vestibular dysfunction, within an ENT primary contact physiotherapy-led vestibular clinic. This study provides support for this type of Physiotherapy-led service in managing patients referred to an ENT service with vestibular dysfunction. Key points: 1. This is the first study investigating interprofessional agreement between physiotherapists and an ENT medical practitioner in the diagnosis and management of patients within an ENT primary contact physiotherapy-led vestibular clinic (recommendations were based on a vestibular physiotherapy assessment as participants were not directly assessed by ENT). 2. Physiotherapists and ENT agreement on diagnosis was substantial. 3. Agreement between physiotherapy and ENT on requesting MRI brain and CT head were near perfect; and agreement between physiotherapy and ENT for onward management to ENT, neurology or physiotherapy was moderate to near perfect. 4. There were no adverse events from physiotherapy's management decision, based on the final recommendations. 5. This paper provides support for the competency of physiotherapists in managing patients referred to ENT with vestibular dysfunction and the safety of ENT primary contact physiotherapy-led vestibular clinics, albeit the presence of bias given the recommendations were based on a vestibular physiotherapy assessment only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An appreciation of the history of physiotherapy permits an understanding of the development of the profession and appreciates its societal role. However, the study of history within physiotherapy is confounded by methods favoring a deductive approach and the exclusion of bias. To discover the historical elements of a profession or a technique, methods applied in research need to be abductive, inclusive of bias, and open to alternative sources of information enabling the discovery and emplotment of new narratives. There is minimal attention to the historical development of the physiotherapy profession or the genesis of techniques utilized. Research methodologies used by those seeking to expand understanding are limited by the scientific health-care research methods chosen. This paper discusses a hybrid approach for historical research in our profession, using the example of an analytical framework to address the question of the historical genesis of manual therapy in health care, outlining the development of this method and including the creation of a novel historical source appraisal tool, as we seek to emplot an updated historical narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparotomy is now an integral component of the modern surgical practice from simple elective appendicitis to complex oncological operations. However, with the years, the operative risks have been minimized by the advancement in surgical procedures, but the postoperative period is crucial for the patient's healing and subsequent physiotherapy. This phase includes concerns like pai n management, complications related to immobility, and the use of multiple approaches to improve the patient's outcome. Today, physiotherapy is considered one of the critical steps in the postoperative care of patients who have undergone abdominal surgery. They are the promotion of early mobility to avoid complications such as muscle atrophy and thromboembolism, pain management that does not involve the use of opioids, and physical therapy to enable patients to regain their mobility and hence have a better quality of life. In addition, physiotherapy addresses the psychological and emotional aspects of the patient's state and guarantees the patient's adherence to the proposed therapy. This review article is intended to describe the modern challenges and concerns in the rehabilitation of patients after abdominal surgery and to emphasize the role of physiotherapy in improving the results of the patients. Therefore, the implementation of EBP by physiotherapists is crucial in enhancing the outcomes of postoperative patients and the reduction of the overall costs of health care since the patients stay longer in the hospital and are prone to complications. Stressing the necessity of early intervention and individualized approach, this paper demonstrates the potential of physiothe rapy interventions to provide comprehensive and person-centered rehabilitation after abdominal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prep-4-RT is a co-designed stepped-care multimodal prehabilitation program for people scheduled to receive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). Prehabilitation, which occurs between diagnosis and treatment commencement, aims to improve a patient's health to reduce the incidence and severity of current and future impairments. HNC treatment can be distressing and has detrimental impacts on function and quality of life. HNC patients have increased social vulnerabilities including higher rates of socio-economic disadvantage and engagement in lifestyle habits which increase cancer risk. High levels of physical and psychological impacts of HNC treatment and increased social vulnerabilities of this population warrant investigation of optimal pathways of care, such as prehabilitation. This paper describes a research protocol to evaluate the feasibility of Prep-4-RT, which was designed to prepare HNC patients for the physical and psychological impacts of radiotherapy. Methods and analysis: At least sixty adult HNC patients, scheduled to receive radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy), will be recruited over a five-month period. All participants will receive access to Prep-4-RT self-management resources. Participants identified through screening as high-risk will also be offered individualised interventions with relevant allied health professionals prior to the commencement of radiotherapy (psychologists, dietitians, speech pathologists and physiotherapists). Participants will complete evaluation surveys assessing their experiences with Prep-4-RT resources and interventions. Clinicians will also complete program evaluation surveys. Primary feasibility outcomes include adoption (uptake and intention to try) and fidelity (adherence to the specialist prehabilitation pathway). Secondary feasibility outcomes include acceptability (patient and clinician) of and satisfaction (patient) with Prep-4-RT as well as operational costs. Feasibility outcome data will be analysed using exact binomial and one-sample t tests, as appropriate. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia. Results will be presented at national conferences and published in peer-reviewed journal(s) so that it can be accessed by clinicians involved in the care of HNC patients receiving radiotherapy. If the model of care is found to be feasible and acceptable, the transferability and scalability to other cancer centres, or for other cancer types, may be investigated. Registration details: ANZCTA (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) ACTRN12623000770662. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe our methodology and share the practical tools we have developed to operationalize a multidisciplinary Long COVID clinic that incorporates progressive, personalized exercise prescription as a cornerstone feature. Background: There is a lack of evidence-based guidance regarding optimal rehabilitation strategies for people with Long COVID. Existing guidelines lack precision regarding exercise dosage. As one of Australia's few established multidisciplinary Long COVID clinics, we describe our novel approach to safely incorporating exercise of both peripheral and respiratory muscles, with essential monitoring and management of post-exertional symptom exacerbation. Methods: Working closely with primary health-care providers, our multidisciplinary team screens referrals for people aged 16 and older with Long COVID. Staff apply a three tier model of triage, dependent on the consumer's presenting problems. Exercise-based interventions necessitate detailed monitoring for post-exertional symptom exacerbation both in the clinic and at home. Personalized exercise prescription includes resistance training at a submaximal threshold (4– 6 exercises, 3 days/week); whole-body endurance exercise titrated to the individual's progress, at an intensity 4– 6/10 (Rate of Perceived Exertion); and for those limited by dyspnoea, high-intensity inspiratory muscle training using a threshold-based handheld device (30 repetitions per day, ≥ 50% of their maximum inspiratory pressure). Discussion: We have used these approaches for the past 2 years in 250 consumers with no serious adverse events and promising consumer feedback. Our exercise prescription is less conservative than the methods advocated in international guidelines for people with Long COVID, and these more progressive tools may be valuable in other contexts. Conclusion: In our experience, a multidisciplinary clinic-based approach to safely prescribing progressive exercise in Long COVID is feasible. Both peripheral and inspiratory muscle exercise can be effectively titrated to each individual's symptoms, and careful monitoring for post-exertional symptom exacerbation is crucial. Plain Language Summary: Long COVID affects 5-10% of people following COVID infection. There is little specific guidance on how exercise can be safely prescribed in Long COVID. This paper is the first to provide a detailed description of an Australian multidisciplinary Long COVID clinic, including specific tools and guidance about how exercise can be prescribed while minimising post-exertional symptom exacerbation. The tools described could be valuable to other health facilities striving to optimise multidisciplinary care for people with Long COVID, incorporating safe exercise prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Providing individualized care based on the context and preferences of the patient is important. Knowledge on both prognostic risk stratification and blended eHealth care in musculoskeletal conditions is increasing and seems promising. Stratification can be used to match patients to the most optimal content and intensity of treatment as well as mode of treatment delivery (i.e. face-to-face or blended with eHealth). However, research on the integration of stratified and blended eHealth care with corresponding matched treatment options for patients with neck and/or shoulder complaints is lacking. Methods: This study was a mixed methods study comprising the development of matched treatment options, followed by an evaluation of the feasibility of the developed Stratified Blended Physiotherapy approach. In the first phase, three focus groups with physiotherapists and physiotherapy experts were conducted. The second phase investigated the feasibility (i.e. satisfaction, usability and experiences) of the Stratified Blended Physiotherapy approach for both physiotherapists and patients in a multicenter single-arm convergent parallel mixed methods feasibility study. Results: In the first phase, matched treatment options were developed for six patient subgroups. Recommendations for content and intensity of physiotherapy were matched to the patient's risk of persistent disabling pain (using the Keele STarT MSK Tool: low/medium/high risk). In addition, selection of mode of treatment delivery was matched to the patient's suitability for blended care (using the Dutch Blended Physiotherapy Checklist: yes/no). A paper-based workbook and e-Exercise app modules were developed as two different mode of treatment delivery options, to support physiotherapists. Feasibility was evaluated in the second phase. Physiotherapists and patients were mildly satisfied with the new approach. Usability of the physiotherapist dashboard to set up the e-Exercise app was considered 'OK' by physiotherapists. Patients considered the e-Exercise app to be of 'best imaginable' usability. The paper-based workbook was not used. Conclusion: Results of the focus groups led to the development of matched treatment options. Results of the feasibility study showed experiences with integrating stratified and blended eHealth care and have informed amendments to the Stratified Blended Physiotherapy approach for patients with neck and/or shoulder complaints ready to use within a future cluster randomized trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the immediate and delayed effects of kinesiotape (KT) on postural control and patient-reported outcome measures under challenging conditions in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Methods: Thirty-two anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed patients for whom 6 months had passed since their operation were randomly assigned to either the KT (n = 16, aged 21.8 [5.5] y) or the placebo KT (n = 16, aged 24.0 [5.1] y) groups. Initially, both groups stood barefoot on a force platform while performing postural tasks in 4 randomized conditions (eyes open, eyes closed, cognitive task, and foam). Before the experiment, patients would bring the 4 conditions, which were written on folded papers, one by one, and in this way, the order of conditions for the examiners was determined. The patients' evaluations were conducted immediately and 48 hours after KT application. Postural control measures, with area and displacement of the center of pressure (CoP) in anterior--posterior and medial--lateral directions, and mean total velocity displacement of CoP (MVELO CoP) served as dependent variables. In addition, the International Knee Documentation Committee score was measured pretreatment and 48 hours posttreatment. Results: Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for displacement of COP in medial--lateral direction (P = .002) and MVELO CoP (P = .034). MVELO CoP significantly decreased (mean difference = 0.60, P = .009) immediately after KT application compared with preapplication measures. In the placebo group, a statistically significant decrease in MVELO CoP (mean difference = 0.869, P = .001) was observed at 48 hours post-KT compared with preapplication values. International Knee Documentation Committee scores significantly improved at 48 hours post-KT application in both groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Though observed at different time points, both KT (immediately after the intervention) and placebo KT (48 h after the intervention) were found to improve postural control measures. It appears that the changes in postural control may be more related to proprioceptive enhancement due to KT rather than the specific KT pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) encompass a variety of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by progressive deterioration of walking ability and a high risk for long-term disability. The management of problems associated with HSP, such as stiffness, deformity, muscle contractures, and cramping, requires strict adherence to recommended physiotherapy activity regimes. The aim of this paper is to conduct a critical narrative review of the available evidence focusing exclusively to the therapeutic advantages associated with various forms of physical therapy (PT) in the context of HSP, emphasizing the specific benefit of every distinct approach in relation to muscle relaxation, muscle strength, spasticity reduction, improvement of weakness, enhancement of balance, posture, walking ability, and overall quality of life. Methods: To conduct a literature review, the databases PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ (last access in June 2023) were searched. Results: The PubMed search returned a total of 230 articles, Scopus returned 218, and DOAJ returned no results. After screening, the final list included 7 papers on PT treatment for HSP patients. Conclusion: Electrostimulation, magnetotherapy, hydrotherapy, PT, robot-assisted gait training, and balance rehabilitation have the potential to increase lower extremity strength and decrease spasticity in HSP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strong evidence supports the provision of modified constraint‐induced movement therapy (mCIMT) to improve upper limb function after stroke. A service audit identified that very few patients received mCIMT in a large subacute, early‐supported discharge rehabilitation service. A behaviour change intervention was developed to increase the provision of mCIMT following an unsuccessful 'education only' attempt. This paper aims to systematically document the steps undertaken and to provide practical guidance to clinicians and rehabilitation services to implement this complex, yet effective, rehabilitation intervention. Methods: This clinician behaviour change intervention was developed over five stages and led by a working group of neurological experts (n = 3). Data collection methods included informal discussions with clinicians and an online survey (n = 35). The staged process included reflection on why the first attempt did not improve the provision of mCIMT (stage 1), mapping barriers and enablers to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and behaviour change wheel (BCW) to guide the behaviour change techniques (stages 2 and 3), developing a suitable mCIMT protocol (stage 4), and delivering the behaviour change intervention (stage 5). Results: Reflection among the working group identified the need for upskilling in mCIMT delivery and the use of a behaviour change framework to guide the implementation program. Key determinants of behaviour change operated within the TDF domains of knowledge, skills, environmental context and resources, social role and identity, and social influences. Following the development of a context‐specific mCIMT protocol, the BCW guided the behaviour change intervention, which included education, training, persuasion, environmental restructuring, and modelling. Conclusion: This paper provides an example of using the TDF and BCW to support the implementation of mCIMT in a large early‐supported discharge service. It outlines the suite of behaviour change techniques used to influence clinician behaviour. The success of this behaviour change intervention will be explored in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered a neurological disease with a high prevalence rate among population. One of its main problems is recurrent fall which has numerous contributing factors such as history of fall, fear of falling, gait deficits, impaired balance, poor functional mobility, and muscle weakness. Objective: To review and explore the focus/nature of interventions which target the role of physiotherapy preventing fall in patients with PD. Method: A scoping review was led dependent on Arksey and O'Malley as discussed by Wood et al. (2002). This paper based on this structure to perceive intervention studies have been embraced in physiotherapy to prevent fall after Parkinson's disease. The search included various databases. The referencing arrangements of every pertinent paper were additionally filtered for more studies. Findings: A total of 173 articles were included, 39 of which met the eligibility criteria. Fifteen studies reported on the direct impact of physiotherapy on fall, while the rest examined the impacts of physiotherapy on factors that are associated with fall. Different outcomes, interventions types, and duration were used in these studies. Findings showed a favorable result of physiotherapy on fall and near fall incidence, balance, gait, functional mobility, muscle strength, and fear of falling. Conclusion: Physiotherapy has the possibility to decrease fall incidence and fall risk in people with PD. However, the heterogeneity in the patients' selection, intervention studies, outcome measures chosen, time since the onset of disease, variation in intensity, and duration of treatment between included studies make the comparisons difficult. Consequently, more studies are needed on best intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we draw on an example of heuristic inquiry – (Re)imagining becoming a physiotherapist: a phenomenological approach – to illustrate the role that reflexivity and representation can play in physiotherapy research outcomes and the meaning they might have for moving the profession forward. Qualitative research in physiotherapy tends to acknowledge reflexivity as a route to objectivity by making researcher biases overt, yet the debate about data representation (a researcher’s decision-making about how data are represented in a text) barely feature. This contrasts with qualitative research in other fields, including other health professions, where matters of representation (i.e., how knowledge is conveyed) are routinely debated and contested. Reflexivity, in fact, is much more than being transparent. Together with representation, reflexivity helps to position both the voices of participants and researchers within the research. The heuristic inquiry described in this paper offers new insights about learning to be a physiotherapist; it challenged assumptions about care in physiotherapy practice and it changed the first researcher’s identity and practice. These insights were generated through the synergies between reflexivity and representation, and we argue that physiotherapy research has an opportunity to be more expansive by taking a commitment to reflexivity and representation more seriously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several shifts in physiotherapy treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have occurred over time. This paper aims to identify shifts in physiotherapy practice for patients with RA based on the author's work experiences from the 1980s until today at two Norwegian rheumatism hospitals, and to explore why shifts may have happened. A narrative was developed by describing events making a difference, categorizing, and ordering them with the help of narrative analysis and a sensitizing analytic lens on discourses. The storyline from the 1980s to approximately the turn of the millennium is called 'Shifts determined mainly by clinical context-driven events' which occurred in response to medical advances and physiotherapists' clinical experiences. These shifts were later justified by physiotherapists' research in the clinical context. The other storyline covers mainly the 2000s and is called 'Shifts increasingly determined by events beyond clinical physiotherapy context.' They include adjustments to further medical advances and implementation of biopsychosocial understanding of disease at the hospital, and to external research-based recommendations, health reforms, and economy. These processes have moved physiotherapy practice at the hospital from mainly providing individualized remedial and rehabilitative physiotherapy for the purpose to normalize physical function to an increasing focus on generic health measures for the purposes of health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention. However, this shift may not fully match the complex needs presented by patients in disease remission with unrelenting fatigue and work inability and those who have multiple functional challenges and comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Musculoskeletal conditions are the leading contributor to global disability and health burden. Manual therapy (MT) interventions are commonly recommended in clinical guidelines and used in the management of musculoskeletal conditions. Traditional systems of manual therapy (TMT), including physiotherapy, osteopathy, chiropractic, and soft tissue therapy have been built on principles such as clinician-centred assessment, patho-anatomical reasoning, and technique specificity. These historical principles are not supported by current evidence. However, data from clinical trials support the clinical and cost effectiveness of manual therapy as an intervention for musculoskeletal conditions, when used as part of a package of care. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a modern evidence-guided framework for the teaching and practice of MT which avoids reference to and reliance on the outdated principles of TMT. This framework is based on three fundamental humanistic dimensions common in all aspects of healthcare: safety, comfort, and efficiency. These practical elements are contextualised by positive communication, a collaborative context, and person-centred care. The framework facilitates best-practice, reasoning, and communication and is exemplified here with two case studies. Methods: A literature review stimulated by a new method of teaching manual therapy, reflecting contemporary evidence, being trialled at a United Kingdom education institute. A group of experienced, internationally-based academics, clinicians, and researchers from across the spectrum of manual therapy was convened. Perspectives were elicited through reviews of contemporary literature and discussions in an iterative process. Public presentations were made to multidisciplinary groups and feedback was incorporated. Consensus was achieved through repeated discussion of relevant elements. Conclusions: Manual therapy interventions should include both passive and active, person-empowering interventions such as exercise, education, and lifestyle adaptations. These should be delivered in a contextualised healing environment with a well-developed person-practitioner therapeutic alliance. Teaching manual therapy should follow this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPoints of interestAlthough critical disability studies has become more widely recognized within physiotherapy scholarship and education, ableism still profoundly influences and directs the physiotherapy profession. We draw from post-structural French philosopher Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy to highlight how ableism is bound up in the taken-for-granted assumptions of physiotherapy. We outline how ableism is entangled with the profession’s ontology and European notion of human. As a result, ableism is maintained by clinicians through the embodiment of the ideal species typical human, in both the domain of the mind and body. As it stands, to do physiotherapy necessitates ableism. Imagining physiotherapy otherwise, we set out to critique and unsettle the profession’s metaphysical presuppositions, creating the possibility for new generative avenues for physiotherapy. Deleuze’s ontology of difference provides the profession an alternative starting point which makes the notion of ‘normal’, and consequently ableism, unthinkable.This paper explores how physiotherapy’s foundational assumptions continue to uphold ableism.By imagining the profession as always in motion, we argue that bodies are understood as always changing.We demonstrate how French philosopher Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy might enable physiotherapy to escape its ableist history.By theorizing physiotherapy as always in motion, the possibilities of what clients and clinicians can do and become open upWe outline the utility of not assessing physiotherapeutic interventions as ‘Good’ or ‘Bad’ but by what they do and what possibilities they open up.This paper explores how physiotherapy’s foundational assumptions continue to uphold ableism.By imagining the profession as always in motion, we argue that bodies are understood as always changing.We demonstrate how French philosopher Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy might enable physiotherapy to escape its ableist history.By theorizing physiotherapy as always in motion, the possibilities of what clients and clinicians can do and become open upWe outline the utility of not assessing physiotherapeutic interventions as ‘Good’ or ‘Bad’ but by what they do and what possibilities they open up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Localized provoked vulvodynia (LPV) is a prevalent sexual health condition with significant negative impacts on quality of life. There is a lack of consensus regarding effective management. Methods: We used Arksey and O'Malley's five-step method to identify, collate, and evaluate literature published between 2010 and 2023. The scoping review investigated the efficacy or effectiveness of interventions in the management of LPV. The aim of this paper is to map the literature on the efficacy or effectiveness of physical interventions. Results: The review produced 19 primary studies of physical interventions for LPV. These include acupuncture, laser therapy, physiotherapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, low-intensity shockwave therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, and vestibulectomy. Conclusion: Published studies that investigated a range of physical treatments for LPV showed some positive effects, except for transcranial direct-current stimulation. The remaining modalities demonstrated improved sexual pain and treatment satisfaction, when measured. Findings were mixed for non-sexual pain. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding other outcomes. Researchers are encouraged to conduct larger, high-quality studies that sample more diverse patient populations and use patient-oriented outcomes to assess effectiveness of physical modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]