4,580,467 results
Search Results
52. Protocols for multi‐site trials using hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI for imaging of ventilation, alveolar‐airspace size, and gas exchange: A position paper from the 129 Xe MRI clinical trials consortium
- Author
-
Jonathan H. Rayment, Bastiaan Driehuys, Chase S. Hall, G. Wilson Miller, Zackary I. Cleveland, Sarah Svenningsen, Rachel L. Eddy, Jim M. Wild, John P. Mugler, Ho-Fung Chan, Peter Niedbalski, Mario Castro, Neil J. Stewart, Sean B. Fain, Giles E. Santyr, Brandon Zanette, Jason C. Woods, Guilhem Collier, Grace Parraga, Robert P. Thomen, Matthew M. Willmering, and Jaime F. Mata
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Image quality ,Multi site ,Clinical trial ,Lung structure ,Breathing ,Medicine ,Image acquisition ,Position paper ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Medical physics ,business ,Pulmonary disorders - Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) 129 Xe MRI uniquely images pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, and terminal airway morphology rapidly and safely, providing novel information not possible using conventional imaging modalities or pulmonary function tests. As such, there is mounting interest in expanding the use of biomarkers derived from HP 129 Xe MRI as outcome measures in multi-site clinical trials across a range of pulmonary disorders. Until recently, HP 129 Xe MRI techniques have been developed largely independently at a limited number of academic centers, without harmonizing acquisition strategies. To promote uniformity and adoption of HP 129 Xe MRI more widely in translational research, multi-site trials, and ultimately clinical practice, this position paper from the 129 Xe MRI Clinical Trials Consortium (https://cpir.cchmc.org/XeMRICTC) recommends standard protocols to harmonize methods for image acquisition in HP 129 Xe MRI. Recommendations are described for the most common HP gas MRI techniques-calibration, ventilation, alveolar-airspace size, and gas exchange-across MRI scanner manufacturers most used for this application. Moreover, recommendations are described for 129 Xe dose volumes and breath-hold standardization to further foster consistency of imaging studies. The intention is that sites with HP 129 Xe MRI capabilities can readily implement these methods to obtain consistent high-quality images that provide regional insight into lung structure and function. While this document represents consensus at a snapshot in time, a roadmap for technical developments is provided that will further increase image quality and efficiency. These standardized dosing and imaging protocols will facilitate the wider adoption of HP 129 Xe MRI for multi-site pulmonary research.
- Published
- 2021
53. Recalcitrant pollutants removal from paper mill wastewater by ferrous ion- and heat- activated persulfate oxidation processes using response surface methodology: a comparison study
- Author
-
Gamze Varank, Emine Can-Güven, and Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Filtration and Separation ,Paper mill ,General Chemistry ,Persulfate ,Pulp and paper industry ,Ferrous ,Ion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Wastewater ,Phenol ,Response surface methodology ,business - Abstract
In this study, the removal of UV254, phenol, and calcium from paper industry wastewater by persulfate oxidation was investigated. Fe2+ addition and heat application methods were used for persulfate...
- Published
- 2021
54. ESC working group on cardiac cellular electrophysiology position paper: relevance, opportunities, and limitations of experimental models for cardiac electrophysiology research
- Author
-
Dierk Thomas, Milan Stengl, Dobromir Dobrev, Matteo E. Mangoni, Jordi Heijman, Carol Ann Remme, Larissa Fabritz, Katja E. Odening, Godfrey L. Smith, Cristina E. Molina, Leonardo Sacconi, A.M. Gomez, Antonio Zaza, Frank R. Heinzel, Cardiologie, RS: Carim - H01 Clinical atrial fibrillation, RS: Carim - H04 Arrhythmogenesis and cardiogenetics, Cardiology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Methodology, University of Bern, Odening, K, Gomez, A, Dobrev, D, Fabritz, L, Heinzel, F, Mangoni, M, Molina, C, Sacconi, L, Smith, G, Stengl, M, Thomas, D, Zaza, A, Remme, C, and Heijman, J
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,TORSADE-DE-POINTES ,Cardiac electrophysiology ,Medizin ,Cardiomyopathy ,Arrhythmias ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,0302 clinical medicine ,BIO/09 - FISIOLOGIA ,Mechanisms ,Position paper ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,LEFT-VENTRICULAR WALL ,SINOATRIAL NODE ,Atrial fibrillation ,Animal models ,3. Good health ,PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION ,Ion channels ,cardiovascular system ,HEART-FAILURE ,Mechanism ,Ion channel ,Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Experimental models ,PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS ,Arrhythmia ,Myocarditis ,Cellular electrophysiology ,LONG-QT SYNDROME ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,Physiology (medical) ,SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Animal model ,Experimental model ,business.industry ,TRANSGENIC RABBIT MODEL ,Cardiac arrhythmia ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease ,Electrophysiological Phenomena ,030104 developmental biology ,Heart failure ,ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of death and disability. A large number of experimental cell and animal models have been developed to study arrhythmogenic diseases. These models have provided important insights into the underlying arrhythmia mechanisms and translational options for their therapeutic management. This position paper from the ESC Working Group on Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology provides an overview of (i) currently available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo electrophysiological research methodologies, (ii) the most commonly used experimental (cellular and animal) models for cardiac arrhythmias including relevant species differences, (iii) the use of human cardiac tissue, induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived and in silico models to study cardiac arrhythmias, and (iv) the availability, relevance, limitations, and opportunities of these cellular and animal models to recapitulate specific acquired and inherited arrhythmogenic diseases, including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, sinus node, and conduction disorders and channelopathies. By promoting a better understanding of these models and their limitations, this position paper aims to improve the quality of basic research in cardiac electrophysiology, with the ultimate goal to facilitate the clinical translation and application of basic electrophysiological research findings on arrhythmia mechanisms and therapies.
- Published
- 2021
55. Thermally Enhanced Boron Nitride Nanotube/reduced Graphene Oxide Paper and Their Application
- Author
-
Dong Ick Son, Jaehyeon Lee, Joo Song Lee, and Jaeho Shim
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Oxide ,Buckypaper ,Durability ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Nanomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Electromagnetic shielding ,Optoelectronics ,Thermal stability ,business ,Graphene oxide paper - Abstract
We demonstrated the thermally robust reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) papers and their application in electromagnetic interference shielding. In order to overcome the thermal durability shortcomings of electromagnetic wave shielding paper based on rGO nanomaterial, rGO/BNNT electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding paper having excellent thermal durability could be manufactured using BNNT nanomaterials having excellent chemical and thermal stability at high temperature. With the addition of a little BNNT, the durability against temperature can be increased by more than two times while there is little reduction in EMI performance.
- Published
- 2021
56. Highly Deformable High-Performance Paper-Based Perovskite Photodetector with Improved Stability
- Author
-
Xiao-Lu Xu, Yi-Shi Xu, Ying Yang, Hong Xia, Ying Xu, and Shun-Xin Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Optoelectronics ,Photodetector ,General Materials Science ,Paper based ,Molar absorptivity ,business ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
Paper-based photodetectors have attracted extensive research interest owing to their environmentally friendly and highly deformable properties. Although perovskite crystals with outstanding optoelectronic properties have proved to be one of the most promising candidates for photodetectors, the development of paper-based photodetectors is hindered by the moisture absorptivity of paper and the instability of perovskite crystals in a humid atmosphere. In this study, we demonstrate a highly deformable and high-performance paper-based perovskite photodetector. The photodetector maintains its excellent performance even after exposure to a relative humidity of 60% for 120 h.
- Published
- 2021
57. Rethinking the paper cup — beginning with extrusion process optimization for compostability and recyclability
- Author
-
Nicole Whiteman, Andrea Auchter, Michael Prue, and Andrew Christie
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.product_category ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,Extrusion ,Process optimization ,General Chemistry ,Paper cup ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
More than 50 billion disposable paper cups used for cold and hot beverages are sold within the United States each year. Most of the cups are coated with a thin layer of plastic — low density polyethylene (LDPE) — to prevent leaking and staining. While the paper in these cups is both recyclable and compostable, the LDPE coating is neither. In recycling a paper cup, the paper is separated from the plastic lining. The paper is sent to be recycled and the plastic lining is typically sent to landfill. In an industrial composting environment, the paper and lining can be composted together if the lining is made from compostable materials. Coating paper cups with a compostable performance material uniquely allows for used cups to be processed by either recycling or composting, thus creating multiple pathways for these products to flow through a circular economy. A segment of the paper converting industry frequently uses an extrusion grade of polylactic acid (PLA) for zero-waste venues and for municipalities with ordinances for local composting and food service items. The results among these early adopters reveal process inefficiencies that elevate manufacturing costs while increasing scrap and generally lowering output when using PLA for extrusion coating. NatureWorks and Sung An Machinery (SAM) North America researched the extrusion coating process utilizing the incumbent polymer (LDPE) and PLA. The trademarked Ingeo 1102 is a new, compostable, and bio-based PLA grade that is specifically designed for the extrusion coating process. The research team identified the optimum process parameters for new, dedicated PLA extrusion coating lines. The team also identified changes to existing LDPE extrusion lines that processors can make today to improve output. The key finding is that LDPE and PLA are significantly different polymers and that processing them on the same equipment without modification of systems and/or setpoints can be the root cause of inefficiencies. These polymers each have unique processing requirements with inverse responses. Fine tuning existing systems may improve over-all output for the biopolymer without capital investment, and this study showed an increase in line speed of 130% by making these adjustments. However, the researchers found that highest productivity can be achieved by specifying new systems for PLA. A line speed increase to more than 180% and a reduction in coat weight to 8.6 µm (10.6 g/m2 or 6.5 lb/3000 ft2) was achieved in this study. These results show that Ingeo 1102 could be used as a paper coating beyond cups.
- Published
- 2021
58. Developing the subspecialty of cardio-nephrology: The time has come. A position paper from the coordinating committee from the Working Group for Cardiorenal Medicine of the Spanish Society of Nephrology
- Author
-
Patricia de Sequera, Rafael Santamaria, Javier Díez, Alberto Ortiz, and Juan F. Navarro-González
- Subjects
Nephrology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Enfermedad cardiovascular ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Psychological intervention ,Specialty ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Subspecialty ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Enfermedad renal crónica ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Cardio-nefrología ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Family medicine ,Medicina cardiorenal ,Position paper ,Professional association ,RC870-923 ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Patients with the dual burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) experience unacceptably high rates of morbidity and mortality, which also entail unfavorable effects on healthcare systems. Currently, concerted efforts to identify, prevent and treat CVD in CKD patients are lacking at the institutional level, with emphasis still being placed on individual specialty views on this topic. The authors of this position paper endorse the need for a dedicated interdisciplinary team of subspecialists in cardio-nephrology that manages appropriate clinical interventions across the inpatient and outpatient settings. There is a critical need for training programs, guidelines and best clinical practice models, and research funding from nephrology, cardiology and other professional societies, to support the development of the subspecialty of cardio-nephrology. This position paper from the coordinating committee from the Working Group for Cardiorenal Medicine of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (S.E.N.) is intended to be the starting point to develop the subspecialty of cardio-nephrology within the S.E.N.. The implementation of the subspecialty in day-to-day nephrological practice will help to diagnose, treat, and prevent CVD in CKD patients in a precise, clinically effective, and health cost-favorable manner. Resumen: Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) que presentan enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) tienen índices de morbilidad y mortalidad inaceptablemente elevados, que impactan desfavorablemente sobre los sistemas de salud. En la actualidad, se requieren actuaciones multidisciplinares para identificar, prevenir y tratar la ECV en los pacientes con ERC, debiendo pues superarse la época de las actuaciones de las especialidades individuales. Los autores de este artículo respaldan la necesidad de un equipo interdisciplinar de subespecialistas en cardionefrología que gestione las intervenciones clínicas adecuadas en el entorno hospitalario y en el ambulatorio. Existe una gran necesidad de programas de formación, de guías y modelos de práctica clínica, y de fondos para la investigación en las sociedades de nefrología, cardiología y otras, para apoyar el desarrollo de la subespecialidad de cardio-nefrología. Este documento de opinión del comité coordinador del Grupo de Trabajo de Medicina Cardiorenal de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología (S.E.N.) pretende ser el inicio del desarrollo de la subespecialidad de Cardionefrología en el marco de la S.E.N. La implementación de la subespecialidad en la práctica nefrológica diaria contribuirá a diagnosticar, tratar y prevenir la ECV en los pacientes con ERC de una manera precisa, clínicamente efectiva y sanitariamente rentable.
- Published
- 2021
59. Management of oral leukoplakia: a position paper of the Society of Oral Medicine, Chinese Stomatological Association
- Author
-
Xiaobo Luo, Hongxia Dan, Xin Zeng, Lu Jiang, Yu Zhou, Weiyi Pan, and Qianming Chen
- Subjects
China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Path diagram ,Oral Medicine ,MEDLINE ,Delphi method ,Cochrane Library ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Dentistry (miscellaneous) ,Grading (education) ,business.industry ,030206 dentistry ,Oral leukoplakia ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,Position paper ,Surgery ,Leukoplakia, Oral ,Oral Surgery ,business ,Oral medicine - Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to develop the first edition of a Chinese evidence-based position paper on the management of oral leukoplakia (OLK). Study Design The consultant group for drafting the position paper consisted of 31 oral medicine specialists and 2 evidence-based medicine specialists. English studies (searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) and Chinese studies (searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang) published before January 2018 were used. The quality of the study was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation grid, and the strength of the recommendations was determined based on the results of 3 rounds of voting among the consultant group members using the Delphi method. Results Twenty-two evidence-based guidelines for clinical management and monitoring of OLK were established in this position paper. A clinical path diagram for oral health practitioners was constructed based on the recommendations. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that management and monitoring of patients with OLK should be performed by experienced clinicians to control the lesion and for early detection of malignant transformation. However, all recommendations are based on evidence of low or extremely low quality and may require further modification as new evidence is produced.
- Published
- 2021
60. ANALYSIS OF LINE EFFICIENCY IN FINISHING DEPARTMENT PT PURA NUSAPERSADA UNIT PAPER MILL 7/8
- Author
-
Wahyu Ani Maulidiyah Sari and Bambang Suhardi
- Subjects
business.industry ,Mechanical engineering ,Environmental science ,Paper mill ,Line (text file) ,business ,Unit (housing) - Abstract
Measuring line efficiency and productivity are very important to do to find out in which level the efficiency and productivity of the business process has been carried out by the company. This paper aims to determine line efficiency analysis and provide suggestions for improvements to increase line efficiency at the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada. Measurement of line efficiency in the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada paper mill unit 7 has not yet reached the company's line efficiency value target. The initial line efficiency assessment obtained a percentage of 65.14% while the company's target was 70%. In this paper, a fishbone diagram is used to determine the root cause of the problem. Based on the research results, it was found that the most dominant cause of the problem was the inefficient work elements at the cutter, sorting, pollar, and packing work stations. Improvements were made using the eliminate, combine, re-arrange, and simplify (ECRS) method and the results of the line efficiency improvements in the finishing department increased to 71.90% and the company's target can be met.
- Published
- 2021
61. The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the reflectance spectra of prints on hemp papers
- Author
-
Gabriel Žilić, Irena Bates, Ivana Plazonić, and Vesna Džimbeg-Malčić
- Subjects
Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics ,Materials science ,business.industry ,paper ,Computational Mechanics ,hemp ,T351-385 ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Reflectivity ,Electromagnetic radiation ,Spectral line ,reflectance spectra ,flexographic inks ,Optics ,artificial ageing ,business - Abstract
From the moment of production, paper as a printing substrate is exposed to the process of natural ageing regardless of the type of cellulose fibres in its composition. Accordingly, the prints produced by the various printing techniques are also exposed to several factors that impair the quality of the print i.e. its colour over time. Therefore, it is very important to properly select the printing substrate for achieving a high quality of graphic products. For that purpose, three types of papers with hemp fibres were used as printing substrates which were printed with laboratory hand-operated instrument Esiproof using flexographic cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y) and black (K) water-based inks. Prints were artificially aged in SunTEST XLS+ test chamber according to standard ASTM D 6789-02 for 48 and 96 hours. Based on changes in the reflectance spectra of each printed ink after exposure to electromagnetic radiation it was noticed how composition of printing substrate strongly influence on colour stability of prints due time. An increase of exposure time to electromagnetic radiation leads to a decrease in the value of the reflectance of the printing substrate and cyan, magenta and yellow prints. It was confirmed how electromagnetic radiation have the greatest impact on the reflectance of yellow print, while the black one is the most stabile regardless of the substrate it was printed on.
- Published
- 2021
62. Mechanical behavior of toilet paper perforation
- Author
-
Joana Vieira, Paulo Torrão Fiadeiro, André Vieira, Ana Paula Cabral Seixas Costa, Ana M. M. S. Carta, and António de Oliveira Mendes
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,business.industry ,Limit value ,Perforation (oil well) ,Bioengineering ,Structural engineering ,Finite element method ,Tissue paper ,Line (geometry) ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Toilet paper ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Stress concentration ,Mathematics - Abstract
Perforation is used in multilayer tissue products, such as toilet and kitchen papers, as part of the converting process. Perforation facilitates the detachment of consecutive sheets by the user. The compromise between the strength required to detach a perforated sheet and the strength required to break a sheet affects the perforation efficiency. In this work, the mechanical behaviors of 15 commercial papers from different European producers were studied. A morphological analysis of the materials was performed, followed by the determination of their perforation efficiency (through tensile tests). A qualitative analysis of the cuts quality, along with a quantitative analysis of the same cuts dimensions was performed through an optical system. Finally, the stress concentration in the holes and the influence of the cuts distance were analyzed using a finite element model implemented in Abaqus/Standard finite element software. The results showed that a cut distance of 2.0 mm should not be used in these types of papers, and the perforation efficiency increased with the cut distance, regardless of the number of plies in the toilet paper. The stress concentration factor was also determined to have a limit value of 0.11. Papers above this limit value tear at the perforation line, as desired.
- Published
- 2021
63. Slime control in paper mill using biological agents as biocides
- Author
-
Nishi Kant Bhardwaj, Chhavi Sharma, Puneet Pathak, and Varun Kumar
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Biocide ,030306 microbiology ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Materials Science ,Paper mill ,General Chemistry ,business ,Pulp and paper industry ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
The environmental conditions of paper mills are suitable for the growth of slime-forming microorganisms due to the supply of nutrients, favorable temperature, and moisture. The slime formation causes the spoilage of raw materials & additives, breaks in the paper during papermaking, loss of production, reduces the hygienic quality of the end products, produces off-spec and rejected products, creates microbiological corrosion, and produces harmful gases. The main microorganisms are Bacteria (mainly Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium, etc.), Fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, etc.), and Algae. Besides the use of conventional toxic chemical biocides or slimicides, slime formation can also be controlled in an eco-friendly way using enzymes, bacteriophages, biodispersants, and biocontrol agents alone or along with biocides to remove the slime. Enzymes have shown their effectiveness over conventional chemicals due to nontoxic and biodegradable nature to provide clean and sustainable technology. Globally enzymes are being used at some of the paper mills and many enzymatic products are presently being prepared and under the trail at laboratory scale. The specificity of enzymes to degrade a specific substrate is the main drawback of controlling the mixed population of microorganisms present in slime. The enzyme has the potential to provide the chemical biocide-free solution as a useful alternative in the future with the development of new technologies. Microorganisms control in the paper mill may appear as a costly offer but the cost of uncontrolled microbial growth can be much higher leading to slime production and large economic drain.
- Published
- 2021
64. Multicolorimetric ELISA biosensors on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device for visual point-of-care detection of infection diseases
- Author
-
Lei Ma, Yousef Abugalyon, and Xiujun Li
- Subjects
Paper ,Polymers ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Point-of-care detection ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Communicable Diseases ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Multicolorimetric ELISA ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Humans ,Disease biomarker ,Integrated processing ,Paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic device ,Horseradish Peroxidase ,High potential ,Point of care ,Detection limit ,Quantitative biomarker detection ,Infectious disease ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Visual detection ,Embedded system ,Colorimetry ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Hepatitis C virus core Antigen ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biosensor ,Biomarkers ,Research Paper - Abstract
Graphical abstract Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used for the detection of disease biomarkers. However, it utilizes time-consuming procedures and expensive instruments, making it infeasible for point-of-care (POC) analysis especially in resource-limited settings. In this work, a multicolorimetric ELISA biosensor integrated on a paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic device was developed for rapid visual detection of disease biomarkers at point of care, without using costly equipment. This multicolormetric ELISA platform was built on multiple distinct color variants resulted from the catalytic oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and the etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The vivid color changes could be easily distinguished by the naked eye, and their red mean values allowed quantitative biomarker detection, without using any sophisticated instruments. When this multicolorimetric ELISA was integrated on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device, it not only provided integrated processing and high portability but also enabled fast assays in about 50 min due to the unique advantages of paper/polymer hybrid devices. The limit of detection of 9.1 ng/μL of the hepatitis C virus core antigen, a biomarker for hepatitis C, was achieved using this multicolorimetric ELISA platform. This multicolor ELISA analytical device provides a new versatile, user-friendly, affordable, and portable immunosensing platform with high potential for on-site detections of various viruses, proteins, and biomarkers for low-resource settings such as at home, public venues, rural areas, and developing nations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03359-8.
- Published
- 2021
65. Removal of colour and lignin from paper mill wastewater using activated carbon from plastic mix waste
- Author
-
Ravindra K. Rawal, Nishi Kant Bhardwaj, and V. Gupta
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Paper mill ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,engineering ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Lignin ,Char ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,Pyrolysis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The study aimed at the use of char produced during pyrolysis of mix plastic waste. It further focused on producing activated carbon from char and also found its efficacy as efficient adsorbent for treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater. The activated carbon was characterized in comparison with raw char for their physical, surface and adsorptive properties. Batch type adsorption experiments were carried out using 100 ml wastewater to observe the individual effectiveness using five different variables such as adsorbent dose (0.25–2.0 g), pH (6–10), time (5–24 h), agitation speed (100–200 rpm) and temperature (30–50 °C) by keeping other variables constant which helped to find out the effective range of all the variables. The competency was evaluated on the basis of colour and lignin content of pulp and paper industry wastewater. Once the effective range of different variables was identified, the statistical analysis was conducted to monitor the mutual impact on the reduction in colour and lignin contents in wastewater. From the statistical design applied, the best result was obtained at activated carbon dose (1.25 g), pH (8.0), contact time (7 h), agitation speed (184 rpm) and temperature (40 °C). The study resulted in reduction of 96.48% in colour and 94.25% in lignin at optimized condition in comparison with 87.37 and 80.44%, respectively, at unoptimized conditions. A potential increase in reduction of 9.0% in colour and 14.0% in lignin content was achieved after optimization through statistical design that confirmed its usefulness.
- Published
- 2021
66. Treatment of paper mill effluent via electrochemical reaction and assessment of antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles in in-vitro conditions
- Author
-
Khanindra Sharma, Madhurankhi Goswami, Neelotpal Sen Sarma, Arundhuti Devi, and Mohammed Shadab
- Subjects
Chemistry ,business.industry ,Environmental remediation ,General Chemical Engineering ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Paper mill ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Bacterial growth ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Chemistry ,Phenol ,0210 nano-technology ,Antibacterial activity ,Hydrogen peroxide ,business ,Effluent ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A simple electrochemical approach has been strategically developed for in situ generations of ZnO nanoparticles using Zn rods as electrodes and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant without the formation of any by-product. These ZnO nanoparticles were extended for remediation of pollutants present in paper mill effluents, and separation efficiency was found to be above 90% for hydrocarbons, 92% for lignin, 99% for phenol, and 93% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), as confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and COD analysis. It was also observed that the experimental setup could successfully remove 99% of the color from the sample. These ZnO nanoparticles have been proven in the past to be antibacterial and were explored for its ability to inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the effluent samples after the removal of toxic pollutants. Therefore, we proposed an electrochemical reaction for the in situ synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for remediation of paper mill effluent as well as inhibit the bacterial growth in the treated effluent sample.
- Published
- 2021
67. Pulp and paper mill wastes: utilizations and prospects for high value-added biomaterials
- Author
-
Wassie Mengie, Amare Abuhay, Gemeda Gebino Gelebo, Derseh Yilie Limeneh, Adane Haile, Million Ayele Mebrate, and Tamrat Tesfaye
- Subjects
Technology ,020209 energy ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,TP1-1185 ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Bioplastic ,Biomaterials ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Viscose ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Pulping waste ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Chemical technology ,Paper mill ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,Cellulosic ethanol ,engineering ,Environmental science ,business ,High value-added ,Black liquor ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
A wide variety of biomass is available all around the world. Most of the biomass exists as a by-product from manufacturing industries. Pulp and paper mills contribute to a higher amount of these biomasses mostly discarded in the landfills creating an environmental burden. Biomasses from other sources have been used to produce different kinds and grades of biomaterials such as those used in industrial and medical applications. The present review aims to investigate the availability of biomass from pulp and paper mills and show sustainable routes for the production of high value-added biomaterials. The study reveals that using conventional and integrated biorefinery technology the ample variety and quantity of waste generated from pulp and paper mills can be converted into wealth. As per the findings of the current review, it is shown that high-performance carbon fiber and bioplastic can be manufactured from black liquor of pulping waste; the cellulosic waste from sawdust and sludge can be utilized for the synthesis of CNC and regenerated fibers such as viscose rayon and acetate; the mineral-based pulping wastes and fly ash can be used for manufacturing of different kinds of biocomposites. The different biomaterials obtained from the pulp and paper mill biomass can be used for versatile applications including conventional, high performance, and smart materials. Through customization and optimization of the conversion techniques and product manufacturing schemes, a variety of engineering materials can be obtained from pulp and paper mill wastes realizing the current global waste to wealth developmental approach.
- Published
- 2021
68. Adsorptive decontamination of paper mill effluent by nano fly ash: response surface methodology, adsorption isotherm and reusability studies
- Author
-
Sonal Nigam, Tithi Mehrotra, Rachana Singh, Divya Bisht, Surbhi Sinha, and Kavya Bisaria
- Subjects
Langmuir ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,nano fly ash ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Coal Ash ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,Adsorption ,Freundlich equation ,Response surface methodology ,Effluent ,Decontamination ,TD1-1066 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,business.industry ,colour removal ,Paper mill ,pulp and paper mill effluent ,Human decontamination ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Pulp and paper industry ,adsorption isotherm ,Kinetics ,Coal ,column adsorption study ,Fly ash ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,bbd design model - Abstract
In the present study, adsorption of colour and other pollutants from agro-based paper mill effluent onto fabricated coal fly ash nanoparticles (CFA-N) have been investigated. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the operational conditions for maximum ouster of colour from effluent by nano structured CFA-N. Maximum reduction in colour (92.45%) and other pollutants were obtained at optimum conditions: 60 min interaction time, 60 g/L adsorbent dosage and 80 rpm agitation rate. The regression coefficient values (adjusted R2 = 0.7169; predicted R2 = 0.7539) established harmony between predicted and the experimental data. The adsorption equilibrium results matched perfectly with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with maximum adsorption capacity of 250 platinum–cobalt/g. Additionally, the efficacy of CFA-N was also assessed in a continuous column mode. Furthermore, the feasibility of treated effluent for irrigation purpose was checked by growing the plant Solanum lycopersicum. Overall, the findings demonstrated the outstanding role of inexpensive and abundantly available CFA-N in treatment of paper mill effluent to the required compliance levels. HIGHLIGHTS Nano fly ash was successfully utilized for removal of colour and other pollutants from agro-based paper mill effluent.; RSM using BBD was used to optimize the operational conditions.; Quadratic models have been established for the response variables.; Fixed-bed column adsorption studies illustrated the feasibility of nano fly ash for pilot-scale applications.; The reusability of treated effluent for irrigation was examined.
- Published
- 2021
69. Electrochemical technique for paper mill effluent degradation using concentric aluminum tube electrodes (CATE)
- Author
-
Chandrashekhar Basayya Shivayogimath and Prashant Basavaraj Bhagawati
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,law.invention ,Taguchi methods ,020401 chemical engineering ,law ,0204 chemical engineering ,Turbidity ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Electrolysis ,business.industry ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Paper mill ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Electrode ,Orthogonal array ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
In this study, Taguchi experimental design was used to the optimize operating parameters for the degradation of paper mill effluent using electrochemical (EC) process with two-dimensional concentric aluminum tube electrodes (CATE). For this purpose, four significant experimental factors were used in four levels pH (6–9), electrolysis time (10–40 min), voltage (6–12 V) and surface area (357–624 cm(2)). The process parameters were optimized, through performing L16 orthogonal array of Taguchi technique, for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. The percent COD and turbidity reductions were transferred into an accurate S/N ratio for a larger value is the better (LBT) response. The study presents a unique method of finding optimum combination of process parameters to illustrate their effect on the turbidity and COD reduction. The treatment conditions for the maximum elimination of the pollutants were second level of pH (7), third level of ET (30 min), fourth level of voltage (12 V) and second level of surface area (446 cm(2)). The confirmation experiment results were within the confidence intervals (CI) indicating an acceptable agreement between predicted and observed values. Based on the p-values, the electrolysis time and voltages were found to be the most significant factors for both COD and turbidity reduction. The findings of research indicated, that the Taguchi method can be used successfully for the treatment of paper industry effluent by electrochemical technique.
- Published
- 2021
70. Temperature analysis of a novel MAIB reactor during the treatment of wastewater from recycled paper mill
- Author
-
Mohammadtaghi Vakili, Haider M. Zwain, Ahmed Samir Naje, and Irvan Dahlan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,modified anaerobic inclining-baffled (maib) reactor ,business.industry ,Paper mill ,recycled paper mill wastewater (rpmw) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,01 natural sciences ,thermophilic temperature ,Wastewater ,010608 biotechnology ,mesophilic temperature ,Environmental science ,business ,anaerobic digestion (ad) ,TD1-1066 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an essential technology for wastewater management, resource recovery and biogas production, and it is considered as an efficient and reliable treatment method for many wastewaters. Operating parameters have been shown to directly affect the stability and treatment performance of AD, especially temperature. For 180 days, the AD of recycled paper mill wastewater (RPMW) was carried out in a modified anaerobic inclining-baffled (MAIB) reactor under various temperature conditions, i.e. 29 °C (low mesophilic), 37 °C (mesophilic) and 55 °C (thermophilic). It was found that total COD removal of 94, 96 and 76%, and methane yields of 0.125, 0.196 and 0.256 L CH4/g CODremoved were attained at temperatures of 29, 37 and 55 °C, respectively. Throughout the three transition periods, the pH level in the MAIB reactor fluctuated slightly within the range of 5.8–6.5 without affecting the system stability. The results concluded that thermophilic condition strongly influenced the MAIB reactor performance, leading to lower COD removal, higher methane yield and gradually recovered pH level. Highlights Novel modified anaerobic inclining-baffled (MAIB) reactor, which combines the development of attached and settled microorganisms, was operated for the treatment of recycled paper mill wastewater (RPMW).; The operational temperature intensive analysis of MAIB was investigated at thermophilic and mesophilic conditions.; The system compartmental characteristics were also analyzed and discussed.
- Published
- 2021
71. Simulation Centers and Simulation-Based Education during the Time of COVID 19: A Multi-Center Best Practice Position Paper by the World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine
- Author
-
Veronica Tucci, Brad Peckler, Lorraine Mendez, Lisa Moreno, Willy Darmawan, Fatimah Lateef, Madhavi Suppiah, Too Xin Yi, Sagar Galwankar, Alfredo Tirado, and Shruti Chandra
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Norm (philosophy) ,business.industry ,Medical simulation ,Best practice ,“TraceTogether” ,lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,social distancing ,lcsh:RC86-88.9 ,Decentralization ,simulation-based learning ,simulation centers ,Resilience (organizational) ,Work (electrical) ,computer-based simulation ,Emergency medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Virtual learning environment ,Position paper ,Position Paper ,business ,COVID 19 - Abstract
COVID 19 struck us all like a bolt of lightning and for the past 10 months, it has tested our resilience, agility, creativity, and adaptability in all aspects of our lives and work. Simulation centers and simulation-based educational programs have not been spared. Rather than wait for the pandemic to be over before commencing operations and training, we have been actively looking at programs, reviewing alternative methods such as e-learning, use of virtual learning platforms, decentralization of training using in situ simulation (ISS) modeling, partnerships with relevant clinical departments, cross-training of staff to attain useful secondary skills, and many other alternatives and substitutes. It has been an eye-opening journey as we maximize our staff's talent and potential in new adoptions and stretching our goals beyond what we deemed was possible. This paper shares perspectives from simulation centers; The SingHealth Duke NUS Institute of Medical Simulation which is integrated with an Academic Medical Center in Singapore, The Robert and Dorothy Rector Clinical Skills and Simulation Center, which is integrated with Thomas Jefferson University, Oakhill Emergency Department, Florida State University Emergency Medicine Program, Florida, USA and The Wellington Regional Simulation and skills center. It describes the experiences from the time when COVID 19 first struck countries around the world to the current state whereby the simulation centers have stWWarting functioning in their “new norm.” These centers were representative examples of those in countries which had extremely heavy (USA), moderate (Singapore) as well as light (New Zealand) load of COVID 19 cases in the nation. Whichever categories these centers were in, they all faced disruption and had to make the necessary adjustments, aligning with national policies and advisories. As there is no existing tried and tested model for the running of a simulation center during an infectious disease pandemic, this can serve as a landmark reference paper, as we continue to fine-tune and prepare for the next new, emerging infectious disease or crisis.
- Published
- 2021
72. Paper-based PCR method development, validation and application for microbial detection
- Author
-
Anjali Apte-Deshpande, B. E. Rangaswamy, and Amruta Patil-Joshi
- Subjects
Coliforms ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Sample (material) ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Biology ,Whatman paper ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,Bacterial contaminants ,Sample preparation ,Rapid test ,0303 health sciences ,Carrier material ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Research ,Paper based ,Contamination ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Food safety ,Milk sample ,Biotechnology ,lcsh:Genetics ,PCR ,Pcr method ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
BackgroundThe analysis of the quality of food is important to protect humans from food-borne or food-based illnesses caused by pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Rapid identification of these pathogens is critical to ensure food safety. Various detection and identification strategies exist; however, they are laborious and time consuming and hence the detection takes longer time. The aim of this study was to develop the specific and fast method for the detection of contaminants in milk.ResultsIn this study, we have developed a simple paper-based PCR method with minimum sample preparation process. The 16S rDNA universal primers were used for the detection of bacterial contaminants. LacZ primers were used for coliform detection which causes serious illness and hence their detection is crucial. ITS region primers were used for fungal detection. The most unique thing about this study is use of Whatman paper no. 1 as sample carrier material. We developed and validated the paper-based PCR method and used it for the detection of microbes and coliforms using milk as a representative sample.ConclusionWe evaluated this method for its suitability in the detection of contaminant microbes using different milk samples. The paper-based method could successfully detect contaminants in the milk samples and the results were comparable to the traditional microbial detection method. The traditional microbiological method takes at least 18–20 h for detecting the presence of microbes in any sample but the developed paper-based PCR method can confirm the microbial presence in 2–3 h. This is very promising especially in the testing where sample sterility is crucial.
- Published
- 2021
73. How Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology deals with fraudulent papers from paper mills
- Author
-
Roland Seifert
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Engineering ,Biomedical Research ,Pharmacology toxicology ,Scientific fraud ,Scientific Misconduct ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,Scientific integrity ,Fake data ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Raw data ,Scientific misconduct ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Paper mills ,General Medicine ,030104 developmental biology ,Editorial ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Engineering ethics ,Periodicals as Topic ,business - Abstract
Fraudulent papers from paper mills are a serious threat to the entire scientific community. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology has become the target of a massive attack of fraudulent papers originating from paper mills. This editorial highlights 20 important features we observed with paper mills and explains how the journal is responding to this serious threat to restore the integrity of science. Hopefully, this editorial is also helpful for editors of other scientific journals.
- Published
- 2021
74. Facile extraction and characterization of calcium hydroxide from paper mill waste sludge of Bangladesh
- Author
-
Most. Hosney Ara Begum, Mohammad Sajjad Hossain, Mohammad Robel Molla, Mir Tamzid Rahman, Muhammad Shahriar Bashar, Riyadh Hossen Bhuiyan, Syed Farid Uddin Farhad, Md. Sha Alam, A. S. M. Asadur Rahman, and Nazmul Islam Tanvir
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Calcium hydroxide ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Paper mill ,business ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Herein, paper mill waste sludge (PMS) from two different sources has been investigated to extract calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 by a facile and inexpensive extraction process. This green process exploits typical chemical precipitation (CP) in an aqueous medium at room temperature to develop an economically and industrially viable technique for the effective utilization of calcium-containing waste sludge. PMS samples, collected from local paper mill plants of Bangladesh, were the main precursors wherein HCl and NaOH were utilized for chemical treatment. The as-synthesized products were analyzed by a variety of characterization tools including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analyses. Our studies confirm that the extracted product contains Ca(OH)2 as a major content, albeit it also includes CaCO3 phase formed owing to the inescapable carbonation process from the surrounding environment. The particle size of the synthesized products is in the range of 450 - 500 nm estimated from SEM micrographs. The crystallite domain size of the same estimated from XRD analyses and was found to be ~47 nm and ~31 nm respectively for product-A and product-B considering major (101) Bragg peak of Ca(OH)2. The yield percentage of the isolated products is about 65% for samples collected from both sources.
- Published
- 2022
75. Examining guidelines and new evidence in oncology nutrition: a position paper on gaps and opportunities in multimodal approaches to improve patient care
- Author
-
Carla M. Prado, Michael D. Bastasch, Shila M. Newman, Maureen Gardner, Chelsia Gillis, Anthony D. Sung, Martin Chasen, Suayib Yalcin, Abby C. Sauer, Suzanne Dixon, Refaat Hegazi, and Alessandro Laviano
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Nursing research ,Pain medicine ,Prehabilitation ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Malnutrition ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Position paper ,business - Abstract
Malnutrition, muscle loss, and cachexia are prevalent in cancer and remain key challenges in oncology today. These conditions are frequently underrecognized and undertreated and have devastating consequences for patients. Early nutrition screening/assessment and intervention are associated with improved patient outcomes. As a multifaceted disease, cancer requires multimodal care that integrates supportive interventions, specifically nutrition and exercise, to improve nutrient intake, muscle mass, physical functioning, quality of life, and treatment outcomes. An integrated team of healthcare providers that incorporates societies’ recommendations into clinical practice can help achieve the best possible outcomes. A multidisciplinary panel of experts in oncology, nutrition, exercise, and medicine participated in a 2-day virtual roundtable in October 2020 to discuss gaps and opportunities in oncology nutrition, alone and in combination with exercise, relative to current evidence and international societies’ recommendations. The panel recommended five principles to optimize clinical oncology practice: (1) position oncology nutrition at the center of multidisciplinary care; (2) partner with colleagues and administrators to integrate a nutrition care process into the multidisciplinary cancer care approach; (3) screen all patients for malnutrition risk at diagnosis and regularly throughout treatment; (4) combine exercise and nutrition interventions before (e.g., prehabilitation), during, and after treatment as oncology standard of care to optimize nutrition status and muscle mass; and (5) incorporate a patient-centered approach into multidisciplinary care.
- Published
- 2021
76. Bio-mediated improvement process in a reinforced soil with waste paper fiber
- Author
-
Hitoshi Matsubara
- Subjects
business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Environmental science ,Geotechnical engineering ,Waste paper ,Fiber ,Process engineering ,business - Published
- 2021
77. Simplifying assessment of dimensions of oral lesions using a syringe and ‘impression planimetry’ with printer paper
- Author
-
P. Gole, S. Mahajan, Vidya Kharkar, Siddhi Chikhalkar, A. Kumar Bose, T. Vishwanath, and H. Balaji
- Subjects
Observer Variation ,Paper ,business.industry ,Syringes ,Lichen Planus ,Reproducibility of Results ,Dentistry ,Dermatology ,Impression ,Clinical trial ,Pemphigoid, Bullous ,Humans ,Medicine ,Coloring Agents ,business ,Oral Ulcer ,Pemphigus ,Syringe - Abstract
Two novel methods of measuring the dimensions of oral lesions are described, which would be of help in deciding relative efficacies of different therapeutic agents when used in clinical trials after larger studies quantitatively assessed for inter/intraobserver variability.
- Published
- 2021
78. Update on bone health: the International Menopause Society White Paper 2021
- Author
-
Steven R. Goldstein and T. J. de Villiers
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Population ageing ,business.industry ,Osteoporosis ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Bone health ,Menopause ,White paper ,Bone Density ,Intervention (counseling) ,Sarcopenia ,medicine ,Global health ,Humans ,business ,Aged - Abstract
Osteoporosis and associated fractures present a major challenge in improving global health outcomes. Key clinical aspects are the definition of osteoporosis and associated fractures, fracture risk prediction, stratification of risk of fracture, intervention thresholds and the most appropriate intervention based on integration of aforementioned. Correct understanding and application of these concepts are essential to stem the increasing tide of fragility fractures associated with an aging population. The role of muscle strength and function, sarcopenia, and the newly emerging concept of osteosarcopenia in maintaining bone health are discussed in detail.
- Published
- 2021
79. All around suboptimal health — a joint position paper of the Suboptimal Health Study Consortium and European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine
- Author
-
Olga Golubnitschaja, Bo Li, Zhaohua Zhong, Youxin Wang, Yulu Zheng, Yuxiang Yan, Xiuhua Guo, Enoch Odame Anto, Haifeng Hou, Zheng Guo, Timothy Kang, Monique Garcia, Gehendra Mahara, Xuerui Tan, and Wei Wang
- Subjects
Behavioural patterns ,Medical ethics ,Sleep medicine ,Artificial intelligence (AI) ,Drug Discovery ,Health care ,Periodontal health ,Body mass index (BMI) ,Individualised patient profile ,Risk assessment ,Big data management ,Dietary habits ,Glycan ,Cardiovascular disease ,Health policy ,Adolescence ,Mood disorders ,Cancers ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Suboptimal health status (SHS) ,Stress overload ,Communicable ,Multi-parametric analysis ,Neurologic diseases ,Omics ,Risk management tools ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,medicine ,Predictive preventive personalised medicine (PPPM/3PM) ,Modifiable preventable risks ,Non-communicable diseases ,Intensive care medicine ,Epidemics ,Health economy ,Pandemics ,Liquid biopsy ,business.industry ,Research ,Biochemistry (medical) ,COVID-19 ,Traditional medicine ,medicine.disease ,Lifestyle ,Multi-level diagnostics ,Position paper ,Eye disorder ,Microbiome ,business ,Natural substances - Abstract
First two decades of the twenty-first century are characterised by epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as many hundreds of millions of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast, lung, liver and prostate malignancies, neurological, sleep, mood and eye disorders, amongst others. Consequent socio-economic burden is tremendous. Unprecedented decrease in age of maladaptive individuals has been reported. The absolute majority of expanding non-communicable disorders carry a chronic character, over a couple of years progressing from reversible suboptimal health conditions to irreversible severe pathologies and cascading collateral complications. The time-frame between onset of SHS and clinical manifestation of associated disorders is the operational area for an application of reliable risk assessment tools and predictive diagnostics followed by the cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person.This article demonstrates advanced strategies in bio/medical sciences and healthcare focused on suboptimal health conditions in the frame-work of Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (3PM/PPPM). Potential benefits in healthcare systems and for society at large include but are not restricted to an improved life-quality of major populations and socio-economical groups, advanced professionalism of healthcare-givers and sustainable healthcare economy. Amongst others, following medical areas are proposed to strongly benefit from PPPM strategies applied to the identification and treatment of suboptimal health conditions:Stress overload associated pathologiesMale and female healthPlanned pregnanciesPeriodontal healthEye disordersInflammatory disorders, wound healing and pain management with associated complicationsMetabolic disorders and suboptimal body weightCardiovascular pathologiesCancersStroke, particularly of unknown aetiology and in young individualsSleep medicineSports medicineImproved individual outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19.
- Published
- 2021
80. The Past, Present and Future in Tube- and Paper-Based Colorimetric Gas Detectors
- Author
-
Koji Kawamura, Lloyd Kent, and Kazumasa Miyazawa
- Subjects
Semiconductor ,business.industry ,Detector ,Process control ,Environmental science ,Tube (fluid conveyance) ,Gas detector ,Electric power ,Paper based ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
Colorimetric gas detectors have been widely applied in many fields such as environmental sciences, industrial hygiene, process control, forensic science and indoor air quality monitoring. They have a history of about 100 years and include devices such as gas detector tubes and paper-based gas detectors. The sensitivity and selectivity of the colorimetric gas detector are relatively high compared to other types of gas detectors such as semiconductor, catalytic combustion and electrochemical gas detectors. Detection of gas concentration can be performed by the naked eye in some colorimetric gas detectors. These methods do not require an electrical power source and are simple, so they are suitable for field operations. This review introduces the history and provides a general overview of the development in the research of colorimetric gas detectors. Recently, the sensitivity and selectivity of colorimetric gas detectors have improved. New materials such as enzymes or particles with a large surface area have been utilized to improve selectivity and sensitivity. Moreover, new gas detectors without toxic materials have been developed to reduce the environmental load. At present, there is a rapid development of IoT sensors in many industrial fields, which might extend the applications of colorimetric gas detectors in the near future.
- Published
- 2021
81. Experimental analysis of the effect of the physicochemical properties of paper industry wastes on the performance of thermo-conversion processes: combustion and gasification
- Author
-
Carlos A. Gomez, Carlos F. Valdés, Farid Chejne, Alfredo Marin-Jaramillo, Jorge Franco-Ocampo, and Liliana Norena-Marin
- Subjects
Elemental composition ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Energy performance ,Pellets ,Boiler (power generation) ,Low melting point ,Combustion ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,Industrial wastewater treatment ,Environmental science ,Coal ,business - Abstract
This work analyzes the energy performance implications of the physicochemical properties and the mineralogical elemental composition of agro-industrial wastes in the form of pellets (ISR pellets) and pine bark chips (PBCh). ISR pellets were made from a mixture of industrial wastewater treatment plant (IWTP) primary sludge, coal boiler ashes (CBA), and wood waste chips (WW), which are wastes rich in inorganic material and with a usable energy potential. All these residues were obtained from the production processes of paper company (Smurfit Kappa Colombia). ISR pellets and PBCh were tested as individual and mixed fuels in the thermochemical gasification and combustion processes. Several synergistic effects were found through the co-processing of these fuels, resulting in improvements in the performance indices normally used for the energy assessment of waste, as well as substantial environmental impact and operational behavior improvements. These effects were predicted through fusibility correlations from the elemental composition of the inorganic content, particularly the low melting point salts precursor species and fusibility temperature, as developed for coal ashes. The results of experimental co-processing validated these predictions.
- Published
- 2021
82. Ventilatory support at home for children: A joint position paper from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand/Australasian Sleep Association
- Author
-
Amanda Griffiths, Moya Vandeleur, Jacob Twiss, Jasneek Chawla, Andrew Tai, Andrew Wilson, Susan Wilson, Sadasivam Suresh, Karen A. Waters, Elizabeth A. Edwards, and Gillian M. Nixon
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,business.industry ,Australia ,Expert consensus ,Home ventilation ,Family medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Position paper ,Sleep (system call) ,Child ,Sleep ,business ,Association (psychology) ,New Zealand - Abstract
The goal of this position paper on ventilatory support at home for children is to provide expert consensus from Australia and New Zealand on optimal care for children requiring ventilatory support at home, both non-invasive and invasive. It was compiled by members of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) and the Australasian Sleep Association (ASA). This document provides recommendations to support the development of improved services for Australian and New Zealand children who require long-term ventilatory support. Issues relevant to providers of equipment and areas of research need are highlighted.
- Published
- 2021
83. Using a Paper-Based Analytical Device Designed for Remote Learning Environments to Achieve Simple Quantitative Colorimetry without Micropipettes
- Author
-
Takeshi Komatsu, Akihiko Ishida, Hirofumi Tani, Manabu Tokeshi, Ryan Russel A. Gabatino, Masatoshi Maeki, and Harrienica Hofileña
- Subjects
SIMPLE (military communications protocol) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Sample (material) ,Pipette ,Remote learning ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,Volume control ,Ascorbic acid ,Colorimetry (chemical method) ,Education ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
The majority of chemical experiments conducted during educational programs are carried out in laboratories because they require instructors with special skills, in addition to large, expensive instruments. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for chemical experiments that can be carried out anywhere. Herein, we propose a novel type of paper-based analytical device (PAD) for enabling quantitative analysis without the requirement for a micropipette, since the PAD features a large sample loading zone and a waste zone, enabling accurate volume control of a liquid sample. We initially employed a micropipette to evaluate the PAD and demonstrate the quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and pH using different loading volumes. Finally, we determined the AA concentrations and pH values of commercially available beverages using disposable plastic droppers, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained through conventional methods. This PAD format can therefore be used as a novel educational tool for conducting certain chemical analyses in remote learning environments.
- Published
- 2021
84. Animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research: Current knowledge and optimal design—A position paper of the Committee on Cardiac Rehabilitation, Chinese Medical Doctors’ Association
- Author
-
Shenghui Lin, Junjie Xiao, Guifu Wu, Yuqin Shen, Yihua Bei, Zhiqing Fan, Lei Wang, Lin Che, Suixin Liu, Wei Gao, Jian Yang, Lan Guo, Xiao Lu, Qi Liang, Guolin Zhang, Wei Zhao, and Rongjing Ding
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cardiovascular health ,Cardiovascular research ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Disease ,Review ,Basic research ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Beneficial effects ,Exercise ,Rehabilitation ,Cardiac Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,Exercise models ,Cardiovascular disease ,Animal studies ,Exercise Therapy ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,GV557-1198.995 ,Sports medicine ,Position paper ,business ,RC1200-1245 ,Sports - Abstract
Highlights • Standard procedures and appropriate assessment of exercise are proposed for the commonly used animal models related to chronic exercise (e.g., treadmill running, voluntary wheel running, swimming exercise, and resistance exercise) in cardiovascular research. • Optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research should consider the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other factors, such as age, sex, and genetic background. • An optimal design for studying exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth and its related beneficial effects against cardiovascular diseases is presented., Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases., Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
85. ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Role of intra-aortic balloon pump in patients with acute advanced heart failure and cardiogenic shock
- Author
-
Roberta Rossini, Cesare Baldi, Massimo Imazio, Manlio Cipriani, Rossella Gilardi, Domenico Gabrielli, Nicola Gasparetto, Carlotta Sorini Dini, Fortunato Scotto di Uccio, Furio Colivicchi, Tullio Usmiani, Daniela Chiappetta, Alberto Somaschini, Marco Ferlini, Paolo Trambaiolo, Loris Roncon, Serafina Valente, Michele Massimo Gulizia, Simona Giubilato, Marco Marini, and Pasquale Caldarola
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Advanced heart failure ,Cardiogenic shock ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Articles ,Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping ,medicine.disease ,Intra-aortic balloon pump ,Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) ,Heart failure ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Position paper ,AcademicSubjects/MED00200 ,In patient ,Myocardial infarction ,Balloon pump ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
The treatment of patients with advanced acute heart failure is still challenging. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has widely been used in the management of patients with cardiogenic shock. However, according to international guidelines, its routinary use in patients with cardiogenic shock is not recommended. This recommendation is derived from the results of the IABP-SHOCK II trial, which demonstrated that IABP does not reduce all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. The present position paper, released by the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists, reviews the available data derived from clinical studies. It also provides practical recommendations for the optimal use of IABP in the treatment of cardiogenic shock and advanced acute heart failure.
- Published
- 2021
86. ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Timing of coronary angiography in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
- Author
-
Manlio Cipriani, Giuseppina Maura Francese, Furio Colivicchi, Vincenzo Amodeo, Stefano Urbinati, Andrea Di Lenarda, Pasquale Caldarola, Michele Massimo Gulizia, Nadia Aspromonte, Massimo Imazio, Loris Roncon, Giuseppe Di Pasquale, Stefano Domenicucci, Domenico Gabrielli, Gianni Casella, Adriano Murrone, Leonardo De Luca, Serafina Valente, and Fortunato Scotto di Uccio
- Subjects
Coronary angiography ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Articles ,Guideline ,medicine.disease ,Revascularization ,Risk profile ,Scientific evidence ,Revascularization timing ,Medicine ,ST segment ,Position paper ,AcademicSubjects/MED00200 ,Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes ,Myocardial infarction ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Risk stratification - Abstract
The European Society of Cardiology guidelines on non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes suggest different temporal strategies for the angiographic study depending on the risk profile. The scientific evidence underlying the guideline recommendations and the critical issues currently existing in Italy, that often do not allow either an extended strategy of revascularization within 24 h or the application of the principle of the same day transfer from a spoke to a hub centre, are analysed. The position paper focuses, in particular, on the subgroup of patients with a defined diagnosis of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction by proposing a timing of coronary angiography/revascularization that takes into account the available scientific evidence and the organizational possibilities of a considerable part of national cardiology services.
- Published
- 2021
87. Strength Improvement of the Coloring Paper for Fruit Bag by Using Non-woody Bamboo Kraft Pulp
- Author
-
Su Ho Kim, Hae Min Jo, LeeJi Young, and Yeon Hui Lee
- Subjects
Bamboo ,Softwood ,business.industry ,Paper mill ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Kraft process ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Media Technology ,Chemical pulp ,Hardwood ,General Materials Science ,Fiber ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of bamboo bleached kraft pulp (BKP) on the strength of the coloring paper used for pear paper bags. The characteristics of bamboo BKP were measured to compare them with those of softwood BKP and hardwood BKP. Handsheets from bamboo and hardwood BKPs were prepared at various mixing ratios, and their strengths were then analyzed. After that, a mill trial was performed to produce a prototype of coloring paper with bamboo BKP, and the effect of bamboo BKP on the strength of the coloring paper was finally determined. The initial freeness and fiber shape of bamboo BKP were similar to those of hardwood BKP, although the average fiber length and curl of bamboo BKP were higher than those of hardwood. As the mixing ratio of bamboo BKP increased, the strength of the handsheets increased, indicating the enhancing effect of bamboo BKP on the strength of coloring paper. As a result of the mill trial of coloring paper in the specialty paper mill, it was found that the tensile strength increased by 27.8% and burst strength by 20.0% when bamboo chemical pulp replaced 20% of the hardwood chemical pulp. Therefore, it was concluded that bamboo chemical pulp can replace and improve the strength of hardwood chemical pulp for manufacturing coloring paper.
- Published
- 2020
88. Home blood pressure monitoring: methodology, clinical relevance and practical application: a 2021 position paper by the Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability of the European Society of Hypertension
- Author
-
Paul Muntner, Anastasios Kollias, Paul L. Padfield, Jonathan Mant, George S. Stergiou, Juan Eugenio Ochoa, Richard J McManus, Martino F Pengo, Thomas Mengden, James E. Sharman, Satoshi Hoshide, Geoff Head, G. Mancia, Stefano Omboni, A. de la Sierra, Cristina Giannattasio, Anastasia S. Mihailidou, William B. White, Agustin J. Ramirez, Kazuomi Kario, Paolo Palatini, Angeliki Ntineri, Michael A. Weber, Ji-Guang Wang, Kei Asayama, Eoin O'Brien, Rajiv Agarwal, Y. Imai, R. Asmar, José A. Octavio, Nicolas Postel-Vinay, Martin G. Myers, Grzegorz Bilo, Jirar Topouchian, Efstathios Manios, Camilla Torlasco, Andrew Shennan, Gianfranco Parati, Egle Silva, Paul K. Whelton, Y. Li, Philippe Gosse, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Dario Pellegrini, Teemu J. Niiranen, Michel Burnier, Parati, G, Stergiou, G, Bilo, G, Kollias, A, Pengo, M, Ochoa, J, Agarwal, R, Asayama, K, Asmar, R, Burnier, M, De La Sierra, A, Giannattasio, C, Gosse, P, Head, G, Hoshide, S, Imai, Y, Kario, K, Li, Y, Manios, E, Mant, J, Mcmanus, R, Mengden, T, Mihailidou, A, Muntner, P, Myers, M, Niiranen, T, Ntineri, A, O'Brien, E, Octavio, J, Ohkubo, T, Omboni, S, Padfield, P, Palatini, P, Pellegrini, D, Postel-Vinay, N, Ramirez, A, Sharman, J, Shennan, A, Silva, E, Topouchian, J, Torlasco, C, Wang, J, Weber, M, Whelton, P, White, W, and Mancia, G
- Subjects
cardiovascular risk ,CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,hypertension ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,blood pressure measurement ,Physiology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,MEDLINE ,ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION ,TARGET-ORGAN DAMAGE ,Blood Pressure ,MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION/EUROPEAN SOCIETY ,cardiovascular disease ,SELF-MEASUREMENT ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,prevention and control ,Blood pressure monitoring ,Hypertension diagnosis ,Societies, Medical ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Blood Pressure Determination ,Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ,medicine.disease ,WHITE-COAT HYPERTENSION ,home blood pressure monitoring ,PROGNOSTIC VALUE ,Blood pressure ,Peripheral Vascular Disease ,MEASURING DEVICES ,Hypertension ,Cardiovascular System & Cardiology ,Position paper ,Medical emergency ,FOLLOW-UP ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,OUTCOME-DRIVEN THRESHOLDS ,blood pressure monitorign, home, methodology - Abstract
The present paper provides an update of previous recommendations on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring from the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability sequentially published in years 2000, 2008 and 2010. This update has taken into account new evidence in this field, including a recent statement by the American Heart association, as well as technological developments, which have occurred over the past 20 years. The present document has been developed by the same ESH Working Group with inputs from an international team of experts, and has been endorsed by the ESH. ispartof: JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION vol:39 issue:9 pages:1742-1767 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published
- Published
- 2021
89. Health Information Privacy, Protection, and Use in the Expanding Digital Health Ecosystem: A Position Paper of the American College of Physicians
- Author
-
Dejaih Johnson, Lois Snyder Sulmasy, Professionalism Ethics, and Brooke Rockwern
- Subjects
Digital Technology ,business.industry ,Internet privacy ,Privacy protection ,Privacy laws of the United States ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,General Medicine ,Digital health ,United States ,Health Records, Personal ,Privacy ,Health care ,Internal Medicine ,Electronic Health Records ,Humans ,Position paper ,Medicine ,Health information ,Privacy law ,business ,Computer Security ,Medical ethics - Abstract
Technologic advancements and the evolving digital health landscape have offered innovative solutions to several of our health care system's issues as well as increased the number of digital interactions and type of personal health information that is generated and collected, both within and outside of traditional health care. This American College of Physicians' position paper discusses the state of privacy legislation and regulations, highlights existing gaps in health information privacy protections, and outlines policy principles and recommendations for the development of health information privacy and security protections that are comprehensive, transparent, understandable, adaptable, and enforceable. The principles and recommendations aim to improve on the privacy framework in which physicians have practiced for decades and expand similar privacy guardrails to entities not currently governed by privacy laws and regulations. The expanded privacy framework should protect personal health information from unauthorized, discriminatory, deceptive, or harmful uses and align with the principles of medical ethics, respect individual rights, and support the culture of trust necessary to maintain and improve care delivery.
- Published
- 2021
90. The Critical Need to Build a European Governance Model for Online Access to Medical Information Services: A Position Paper
- Author
-
Jan De Wit, Ian A Hamilton, Sarah Dunnett, Susan Mohamed, Angela Flores, and Stefne Pienaar
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Information Services ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Corporate governance ,Health Personnel ,Information needs ,Benchmarking ,Public relations ,Trust ,Transparency (behavior) ,Product (business) ,Current Opinion ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Position paper ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,The Internet ,Quality (business) ,business ,media_common - Abstract
European pharmaceutical companies have a legal requirement to provide non-promotional Medical Information (MI) services to support healthcare professionals (HCPs) who are using their medicinal products. While the industry has self-regulating bodies with established Codes of Practice, these mainly focus on promotional messaging and commercial activities. In the absence of similar frameworks for MI, such services struggle to understand how to meet HCP digital expectations, often in fear of breaching the promotional codes. This is limiting access to the wealth of non-promotional patient-focussed information held within the industry. Meanwhile, a large volume of unregulated, low-quality information can be readily found on the internet. To understand the current status, the Medical Information Leaders in Europe (MILE) industry association performed a benchmarking survey which explored the online MI service provision of 13 mid-large pharmaceutical companies across Europe. This highlighted a great diversity in approach in terms of geographical coverage and content. Visibility and access for HCPs is complex, compromising online engagement and website utilisation. This MILE position paper highlights the critical need to establish a clear governance model, which empowers pharmaceutical company MI functions to provide unbranded, non-promotional, medicinal product information sources to support HCP online information needs. It is essential to build confidence, transparency and trust by establishing a practical quality framework with principles and standards for online MI services for HCPs.
- Published
- 2021
91. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in the Covid-19 Era: Position Paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA)
- Author
-
Pierluigi Allosio, Giovanni Addolorato, Fabio Caputo, Patrizia Balbinot, Davide Mioni, Doda Renzetti, Tiziana Fanucchi, Raffaella Rossin, Gianni Testino, Livia Maccio, Claudia Gandin, S. Arico, Michele Parisi, Maria Francesca Amendola, Aniello Baselice, Vincenzo Palmieri, Vito Campanile, Emanuele Scafato, Valentino Patussi, Mauro Bernardi, Giorgio Zoli, Cristina Meneguzzi, Teo Vignoli, Lisa Lungaro, Giovanni Greco, and Luigi C. Bottaro
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Telemedicine ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Telehealth ,Alcohol use disorder ,Alcohol-related liver cirrhosis ,Alcohol-related liver disease ,ALD and SARS-CoV-2 ,Management of AUD ,SARS-CoV-2 infection ,Liver transplantation ,NO ,03 medical and health sciences ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ,Pandemics ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,COVID-19 ,Hepatology ,medicine.disease ,Alcoholism ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Communicable Disease Control ,Position paper ,Original Article ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business - Abstract
Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), firstly reported in China last November 2019, became a global pandemic. It has been shown that periods of isolation may induce a spike in alcohol use disorder (AUD). In addition, alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the most common consequence of excessive alcohol consumption worldwide. Moreover, liver impairment has also been reported as a common manifestation of COVID-19. Aims The aim of our position paper was to consider some critical issues regarding the management of ALD in patients with AUD in the era of COVID-19. Methods A panel of experts of the Italian Society of Alcohology (SIA) met via “conference calls” during the lockdown period to draft the SIA’s criteria for the management of ALD in patients with COVID-19 as follows: (a) liver injury in patients with ALD and COVID-19 infection; (b) toxicity to the liver of the drugs currently tested to treat COVID-19 and the pharmacological interaction between medications used to treat AUD and to treat COVID-19; (c) reorganization of the management of compensated and decompensated ALD and liver transplantation in the COVID-19 era. Results and Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly carried us toward a new governance scenario of AUD and ALD which necessarily requires an in-depth review of the management of these diseases with a new safe approach (management of out-patients and in-patients following new rules of safety, telemedicine, telehealth, call meetings with clinicians, nurses, patients, and caregivers) without losing the therapeutic efficacy of multidisciplinary treatment.
- Published
- 2021
92. Best‐practices for preventing skin injury beneath personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A position paper from the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel
- Author
-
Barbara Delmore, Sharon Eve Sonenblum, Joyce Pittman, Nancy Munoz, Ann Marie Nie, Jill Cox, William V. Padula, Lee Ruotsi, Virginia Capasso, Joyce Black, David M. Brienza, Ann N. Tescher, Sarah Holden-Mount, and Janet Cuddigan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,030504 nursing ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Discursive Paper ,Skin Injury ,business.industry ,Best practice ,General Medicine ,Discursive Papers ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Personal hygiene ,Health care ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Position paper ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Personal protective equipment ,General Nursing - Abstract
COVID‐19 has infected millions of patients and impacted healthcare workers worldwide. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a key component of protecting frontline clinicians against infection. The benefits of PPE far outweigh the risks, nonetheless, many clinicians are exhibiting skin injury caused by PPE worn incorrectly. These skin injuries, ranging from lesions to open wounds are concerning because they increase the susceptibility of viral infection and transmission to other individuals. Early into the COVID‐19 pandemic (April 2020), the U.S. National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) developed a series of position statements to improve wear‐ability of PPE and protect healthcare professionals and their patients as safe from harm as possible under the circumstances. The NPIAP positions, which were formed by conducting a systematic review of what was known at the time, include: (1) Prepare skin before and after wearing PPE with skin sealants, barrier creams and moisturizers; (2) Frequent PPE offloading to relieve pressure and shear applied to skin; (3) treat visible skin injuries immediately caused by PPE to minimize future infection; (4) non‐porous dressings may provide additional skin protection, but lack evidence; (5) health systems should take care to educate clinicians about placement and personal hygiene related to handling PPE. Throughout all of these practices, handwashing remains a top priority to handle PPE. These NPIAP positions provided early guidance to reduce the risk of skin injury caused by PPE based on available research regarding PPE injuries, a cautious application of evidence‐based recommendations on prevention of device related pressure injuries in patients and the expert opinion of the NPIAP Board of Directors. Clinicians who adhere to these recommendations reduce the prospects of skin damage and long‐term effects (e.g. scarring). These simple steps to minimize the risk of skin injury and reduce the risk of coronavirus infection from PPE can help.
- Published
- 2021
93. Prevalence of nonsensical algorithmically generated papers in the scientific literature
- Author
-
Cyril Labbé, Guillaume Cabanac, Recherche d’Information et Synthèse d’Information (IRIT-IRIS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systèmes d’Information - inGénierie et Modélisation Adaptables (SIGMA ), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
- Subjects
Information Systems and Management ,History ,Computer Networks and Communications ,media_common.quotation_subject ,research integrity ,Library science ,Scientific literature ,citation manipulation ,Library and Information Sciences ,SCIgen ,050905 science studies ,publishing industry ,nonsense detection ,computer-generated papers ,retraction ,Absurdity ,media_common ,Point (typography) ,Grammar ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Publish or perish ,Publishing ,[INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR] ,0509 other social sciences ,050904 information & library sciences ,business ,Citation ,Yet another ,misconduct ,Information Systems - Abstract
International audience; In 2014 leading publishers withdrew more than 120 nonsensical publications automatically generated with the SCIgen program. Casual observations suggested that similar problematic papers are still published and sold, without follow-up retractions. No systematic screening has been performed and the prevalence of such nonsensical publications in the scientific literature is unknown. Our contribution is 2-fold. First, we designed a detector that combs the scientific literature for grammar-based computer-generated papers. Applied to SCIgen, it has a 83.6% precision. Second, we performed a scientometric study of the 243 detected SCIgen-papers from 19 publishers. We estimate the prevalence of SCIgen-papers to be 75 per million papers in Information and Computing Sciences. Only 19% of the 243 problematic papers were dealt with: formal retraction (12) or silent removal (34). Publishers still serve and sometimes sell the remaining 197 papers without any caveat. We found evidence of citation manipulation via edited SCIgen bibliographies. This work reveals metric gaming up to the point of absurdity: fraudsters publish nonsensical algorithmically generated papers featuring genuine references. It stresses the need to screen papers for nonsense before peer-review and chase citation manipulation in published papers. Overall, this is yet another illustration of the harmful effects of the pressure to publish or perish.
- Published
- 2021
94. Clinical Performance Monitoring in Undergraduate Dental Education - Paper-Based vs. Online Logbooks; Reporting by Students vs. Reporting by Instructors
- Author
-
Fatin Abdulrahman Hasanain
- Subjects
03 medical and health sciences ,Medical education ,0302 clinical medicine ,business.industry ,education ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Clinical performance ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,030206 dentistry ,Paper based ,Dental education ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical and dental education is highly dependent on the development of students’ clinical skills in addition to their theoretical knowledge. The use of logbooks to monitor the clinical procedures performed by students provides a great advantage in the educational process. Because of the pandemic, utilisation of digital logbooks may prove to be more advantageous. This study aims to investigate the effective use of online progress records and as to whether they actually decrease the chance of error compared to the traditional paper-based logbooks. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 139 student logbooks were studied to compare online and paper-based clinical procedures. Logbook monitoring of undergraduate dental students reported by the students themselves vs. instructors was compared. Students filled mandatory individual paper-based logbooks, reporting the number of clinical procedures performed in that year. Additionally, they filled online log- sheets, and updated them regularly. Instructors proofread and signed the paper-based students’ logbooks. Instructors also separately submitted individual online forms recording each student’s clinical procedure performed in clinical sessions. A total of 556 logbook records was collected. The mean number of procedures recorded by the students and instructors (online and paper-based) were statistically compared. RESULTS The mean number of procedures recorded in student-reported online logbooks were significantly lower than that in all other logbooks. Paper-based and online instructorreported logbook data was identical to that of student reported paper-based logbooks. CONCLUSIONS Within the scope of the study, it was concluded that online tools are an asset and may be used as a substitute for paper-based monitoring of clinical activity for instructors. However, students’ compliance updating and uploading online forms is a factor, which is a matter of concern. KEY WORDS Undergraduate Dental Logbooks, Clinical Progress Records, Monitoring Methods, Monitoring Tools, Undergraduate Dental Monitoring, Undergraduate Clinical Procedures Records
- Published
- 2021
95. Paper towel test as independently self‐administered to quantify cough‐related urine loss: Compliance and comparisons with survey‐only data in SWAN
- Author
-
Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez, Siobán D. Harlow, Janis M. Miller, Kerry C Richards-McCullough, and Michelle M Hood
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiologic study ,Urinary Incontinence, Stress ,Urology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Urinary incontinence ,Urine ,Article ,Compliance (psychology) ,Mixed incontinence ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Group cohesiveness ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Medicine ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Test (assessment) ,Urinary Incontinence ,Cough ,Paper towel ,Physical therapy ,Women's Health ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Aims The epidemiologic Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) includes urinary incontinence (UI) questionnaire items. We introduced an independently self-administered paper towel test (PTT-ISA; invention disclosure #2021-347) to objectively demonstrate UI. Aims were to determine: (1) PTT-ISA compliance and (2) relationship to questionnaire results. Methods 276 community women were invited to complete both SWAN questionnaire and PTT-ISA. For PTT-ISA, a woman holds a trifold brown paper towel against her perineum while coughing hard three times. She checks the towel for wetness and compares it with pictorial showing wetted area gradations (dry towel through >6 ml/saturated). She then selects the best photo match for her towel. A newly conceptualized variable constructed as PTT-ISA plus questionnaire results was formed. Results Of 276 women, noncompliance with PTT-ISA was 2.2% (6 women). Four others (1.5%) were missing questionnaires. For the remaining 266 women, conceptual cohesiveness between questionnaire-only and PTT-ISA + questionnaire was demonstrated in 165 (62.0%). Lack of cohesiveness occurred in 101 (38.9%), including 41 women who said "no" to the questionnaire item indicative of stress UI and had leakage on PTT-ISA; leakage degree varied across the full pictorial spectrum from drops to saturated. Conclusion PTT-ISA demonstrates high compliance, with rate comparable to survey compliance. It is a novel measure for objective sign of urine loss when independently self-administered by community women outside of a clinic environment. Further research comparing PTT-ISA with clinician-observed cough test is warranted. As independently self-administered, PTT-ISA is simple, noninvasive, inexpensive, and an acceptable test that adds value to otherwise survey-dependent research.
- Published
- 2021
96. The influence of information technology on the implementation of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code: A shift from paper-based to paperless ships
- Author
-
A Abeysiriwardhane and Samrat Ghosh
- Subjects
Engineering management ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Maritime industry ,Process (engineering) ,International standard ,Crew ,Code (cryptography) ,Information technology ,Paper based ,business ,Quality assurance - Abstract
To provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the International Safety Management (ISM) Code (adopted in 1993 and entered in force on 1st July 1998). The Code, through its guidelines and recommendations, provides seafarers (ship’s crew) the course of action for the safety and quality assurance process on ships. Traditionally a paper-based system, the ISM Code is now being digitalized in every aspect to streamline the processes to improve ship operations. This paper presents findings of a review of existing literature available on the world wide web to highlight areas of the Code that have been impacted by technology and the benefits that are being reaped. However, recent cyber attacks on ships and the maritime industry require a discussion on various implications associated with ships becoming increasingly reliant on technology and the advancing digital world. This paper highlights and explains the related implications and suggests strategies to address them.
- Published
- 2021
97. Effectiveness of Digital and Paper-Based Identification Keys for Plants with Slovenian Pre-service Teachers
- Author
-
Gregor Torkar
- Subjects
Knowledge management ,Computer science ,business.industry ,plants ,pre-service teacher ,usability of identification key ,Paper based ,plant determination ,določevalni ključi ,Education ,Pre service ,Educational research ,Identification (information) ,identification key ,business - Abstract
Teaching about biodiversity and its conservation could be an effective way to teach the importance of different species and human dependence on ecological support systems. This study compares the effectiveness of a digital and a paper-based dichotomous identification key for teaching pre-service teachers about plantspecies diversity. Twenty-four Slovenian teachers in pre-service training used a digital version of the key on tablet computers and twenty-nine used a paper-based version to identify woody species in the garden near their university faculty. Both keys contained the same species, identical photographs and the same sequence of steps to identify the species. The accuracy and time taken to identify the five species were measured. The participants also completed a questionnaire about the usability of the identification key. Overall, both versions of the key were equally good for determining species names. The digital version of the key was found to be more time-effective than the paper version only when multiple identification steps were required to identify species. The results confirm that those who scored better on the identification tasks have a better general opinion about the usability of the key especially students using digital version of the key. Implications for teachers using or creating identification keys are discussed in the conclusion.
- Published
- 2021
98. Study on technology of greaseproof paper for dry food packaging
- Author
-
Van Son Cao, Thanh Tu Do, Thi Quynh Hoa Le, and Thi Thu Nguyet Do
- Subjects
Food packaging ,Engineering ,business.industry ,business ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
This paper presents the research results that established the main technological conditions in the production of greaseproof paper, used as the packaging of dry food as the proportion of pulp types, the degree of the beating of pulp, the use of chemicals and oil and greaseproof resistant agent to the properties of the paper on a laboratory scale. At the same time, experimental production and technology conditions were regulated on a 3 ton/day capacity line. The paper quality produced is equivalent to the imported paper products of the same type which is consumed in the market: basis weight: 42.5 g/m2; tensile breaking length: MD (Machine Direction): 7,520 m, CD (Cross Direction): 3,740 m; tear index: MD: 6.8 mN.m2/g, CD: 5.4 mN.m2/g; burst index: 5.6 kPa.m2/g; Cobb60: 17.2 g/m2; KIT rating: 8; ensuring food safety and hygiene.
- Published
- 2021
99. The Research and Application of System for Paper Surface Morphology Stereoscopic Observation and Characterization
- Author
-
Haozhi Chen, Guangxue Chen, and Tingli Liu
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Point cloud ,Morphology (biology) ,Stereoscopy ,Paper quality ,Characterization (materials science) ,law.invention ,Microscopic observation ,Optics ,Artificial Intelligence ,Control and Systems Engineering ,law ,business ,Software ,Information Systems - Abstract
The work aims to explore a microscopic observation system of paper surface and achieve high-precision stereoscopic observation with detail characterization of paper surface morphology. Based on the DT-400E precision program-controlled three-dimensional translation stage and KEYENCE LJV-7200 two-dimensional laser scanner, the hardware parts of our own system are developed to scan and transmit point cloud data of paper surface morphology to the computer. The corresponding system software will automatically process the point cloud data acquired from the laser scanner and generate the corresponding vivid 3D model and height histogram. This system scans and characterizes four different types of paper samples, allowing the human eye to visually distinguish the differences in surface morphology as well as automatically calculate the numerical differences in paper surface morphology parameters. The results of the applicability test show that the system is highly efficient in acquiring, observing, and evaluating the topography of the paper surface. The system can not only predict the paper surface quality of printed paper, but can also be extended to the evaluation of 3D printed surfaces.
- Published
- 2021
100. Coconut Husk, a Lignocellulosic Biomass, as a Promising Engineering Material for Non-wood Paper Production
- Author
-
Nausheen Jaffur and Pratima Jeetah
- Subjects
business.industry ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Paper production ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Husk ,Environmentally friendly ,Renewable energy ,Environmental science ,Fiber ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Plant fiber classified as environmentally friendly material is a promising renewable engineering material rich in lignocellulose that can be employed in the pulp and paper industry as a substitutio...
- Published
- 2021
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.