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This paper studies the global attitude stabilization of a rigid body, a task that is subjected to topological obstacles. As a result of these obstructions, continuous feedbacks cannot globally stabilise the rigid body attitude. Therefore, this paper presents an observer-based hybrid controller to overcome these restrictions. Consequently, a new kind of synergistic potential function is designed which induces a gradient vector field to globally stabilise a given set. Moreover, the gradient of the proposed potential functions is utilised to derive a hybrid observer. Furthermore, this paper considers two types of constraints: angular velocity constraint and torque constraint. Afterward, these constraints are formulated in terms of the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) optimisation problem to perform constraints satisfaction. Besides, this paper introduces a novel hybrid quantiser to deal with the problem of the low-price wireless network. Finally, a comparative study in simulations is provided to assess the performance of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Constructing a contactless pig mass estimation method through computer vision technology can help us to adjust our pig breeding program to improve production efficiency. Due to the complexity of the actual production environment, there are few reports on pig mass estimation in an unconstrained environment. In this study, we constructed a pig mass estimate model based on deep learning without constraint. The experimental results proved that the pig body mass estimation model constructed in this paper can quickly and accurately obtain the body mass of pigs. The model can evaluate the body quality of sows in real-time in an unconstrained environment, thereby providing data support for grading and adjusting breeding plans, and has broad application prospects. The body mass of pigs is an essential indicator of their growth and health. Lately, contactless pig body mass estimation methods based on computer vision technology have gained attention thanks to their potential to improve animal welfare and ensure breeders' safety. Nonetheless, current methods require pigs to be restrained in a confinement pen, and no study has been conducted in an unconstrained environment. In this study, we develop a pig mass estimation model based on deep learning, capable of estimating body mass without constraints. Our model comprises a Mask R-CNN-based pig instance segmentation algorithm, a Keypoint R-CNN-based pig keypoint detection algorithm and an improved ResNet-based pig mass estimation algorithm that includes multi-branch convolution, depthwise convolution, and an inverted bottleneck to improve accuracy. We constructed a dataset for this study using images and body mass data from 117 pigs. Our model achieved an RMSE of 3.52 kg on the test set, which is lower than that of the pig body mass estimation algorithm with ResNet and ConvNeXt as the backbone network, and the average estimation speed was 0.339 s·frame−1 Our model can evaluate the body quality of pigs in real-time to provide data support for grading and adjusting breeding plans, and has broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much existing research investigates embodiment and body image in individualised terms, new research in youth studies takes a wider view. How are young people's experiences of embodiment entangled with sociocultural and structural influences? How do young people come to develop a sense of embodied identity in contexts that teem with hostile and unattainable body ideals? How are possibilities for affirming and affirmative embodiment navigated by young people—especially those living outside prevailing appearance norms? In this paper, we engage with these questions, drawing insights from an in-depth, collaborative research project designed to understand what supports and constrains hauora and wellbeing for young people in Aotearoa (New Zealand). First, we analyse young people's accounts thematically, identifying three prevailing systems of cultural privilege that regulate embodiment. These include processes of racialisation and gendering, as well as cisnormative, heteronormative, ableist and healthist logics. Second, we work closely with one young person's interview, exploring how her narrative unsettles prevailing norms of appearance and embodiment. By spotlighting what young people themselves tell us about their bodies and embodied experiences, this paper demonstrates the value of an embodiment lens for youth and wellbeing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: An interplay of clinical and psychosocial variables affects breast cancer patients' experiences and clinical trajectories. Several studies investigated the role of socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors in predicting relevant outcomes in breast cancer care, thus developing predictive models. Our aim is to summarize predictive models for specific psychological and behavioral outcomes: psychological distress, quality of life, and medication adherence. Specifically, we aim to map the determinants of the outcomes of interest, offering a thorough overview of these models.Methods: Databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase) have been searched to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria: a breast cancer patients' sample, development/validation of a predictive model for selected psychological/behavioral outcomes (ie, psychological distress, quality of life, and medication adherence), and availability of English full-text.Results: Twenty-one papers describing predictive models for psychological distress, quality of life, and adherence to medication in breast cancer were included. The models were developed using different statistical approaches. It has been shown that treatment-related factors (eg, side-effects, type of surgery or treatment received), socio-demographic (eg, younger age, lower income, and inactive occupational status), clinical (eg, advanced stage of disease, comorbidities, physical symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, and pain) and psychological variables (eg, anxiety, depression, body image dissatisfaction) might predict poorer outcomes.Conclusion: Predictive models of distress, quality of life, and adherence, although heterogeneous, showed good predictive values, as indicated by the reported performance measures and metrics. Many of the predictors are easily available in patients' health records, whereas others (eg, coping strategies, perceived social support, illness perceptions) might be introduced in routine assessment practices. The possibility to assess such factors is a relevant resource for clinicians and researchers involved in developing and implementing psychological interventions for breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional body classification methods are usually based on three-dimensional human body data. With the development of computer vision technology, two-dimensional (2D) anthropometry technology has garnered a great deal of research attention in the field of anthropometry. This paper presents a body shape classification and discrimination method using 2D images based on computer vision technology. The research included three main parts. (1) Index extraction of body shape classification based on computer vision. The orthogonal 2D human body image information of 362 young female samples was extracted. After normalizing the body height, three body shape classification indexes were separated: the body height pixel value (H), the feature of the projected unit area (ρ), and the feature of the projected area ratio of the front and side of the human body (F). (2) Two-dimensional human body shape classification based on the two-step cluster model. The optimal classification number was determined, and the characteristics of each type of body shape were analyzed. (3) Automatic discrimination of the 2D human body shape based on the Bayesian algorithm. The correct rate of recognition was 94.8%. The results indicate that the body shape classification method based on computer vision technology and the selection of the proposed classification indexes are effective, and the accuracy of body shape recognition is high. In this paper, the classification of human body shape based on 2D digital images was realized, and this method can be applied to 2D anthropometry and other related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the relationship between Black cultural identity body image and mental well-being among Black Americans and Black immigrant women who attend predominately white universities (PWIs). As part of the Multi-Site University Study of Identity and Culture (MUSIC) survey, participants completed the Brief Inventory of Body Image, which included questions such as "I'm proud of my body," "I often feel ugly," 'I have a good figure," "I'm ashamed of my body," and "I am anxious about the way I look." The results showed that there were several similarities between the subgroups in the correlations between body image and mental health indices, such as social anxiety, depression, psychological well-being, and self-esteem. Both Black American and Black immigrant college-aged women had a positive association between body image and indicators of Black women's sense of self, like self-esteem and psychological well-being. They also had a negative association between body image and mental health, such as social anxiety and depression. However, there was one key difference in that Black American women had a stronger association between their sense of self and self-esteem and psychological well-being compared to Black immigrant women. These findings support other studies that suggest Black women tend to have a stronger positive body satisfaction relative to their overall mental well-being. The study has important implications for the understanding of Black women, ethnic identity, body image, and mental health, which are discussed in the paper. Plain Language Summary: Examining body image issues among Black women and its impact on their mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internalization of body ideals is a critical predictor of body image and health behaviors. Thin and athletic ideal internalization in women need to be elucidated. The aims of the current study included: (i) describing the endorsement of thin and athletic body ideals among women and (ii) examining group differences in negative and positive self-conscious emotions and body image. Participants (N = 392 women; M age = 25.6, SD = 5.3 years) were assigned to Fit Ideal (n = 110), Thin Ideal (n = 83), Athletic Ideal (n = 55), and Low Internalization (n = 144) groups based on scores for thin and athletic internalization. Three multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to examine Body Ideal group differences on negative appearance and fitness self-conscious emotions, and positive self-conscious emotions and body image. The Athletic Ideal and Low Internalization groups generally scored lower on negative self-conscious emotions and higher on positive self-conscious emotions and body image in comparison to the Fit and Thin Ideal groups (Cohen's d =.35 to 1.15). Results suggest that differing levels of thin and athletic internalization may intersect uniquely with women's body-related self-conscious emotions and positive body image and thus may have distinct effects on women's health and behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Crown Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Sexual minority individuals display heightened body image disturbance, which is associated with negative health outcomes. Structural stigmas are associated with negative health outcomes among sexual minority individuals, but the association between structural stigmas and body image is not understood. Using a linear regression approach, we examined how U.S. state-level structural racism and structural sexual minority stigma were associated with body image-related outcomes including eating pathology, appearance and/or performance-enhancing drug (APED) misuse, and dysmorphic concern. Participants were 942 cisgender sexual minority individuals ages 18-30, with approximately equal representation among non-Hispanic/Latinx White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic/Latinx individuals. There was not a significant main effect of state-level structural sexual minority stigma on body image-related outcomes. In states with higher structural racism, Hispanic/Latinx participants endorsed higher APED misuse, and this interaction was not significant among non-Hispanic/Latinx White individuals. This pattern was not found among Black or Asian participants, nor was it replicated for dysmorphic concern or eating pathology. Findings suggest that reducing exposure to structural racism could reduce APED misuse among Hispanic/Latinx individuals., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Previous work has supported direct, positive associations between body appreciation and positive mental health, but has largely neglected to examine possible indirect mechanistic pathways. Here, we propose one relevant mediational pathway, wherein body appreciation is associated with positive mental health via positive self-beliefs (i.e., cognitions that lead individuals to view themselves, their lives, and/or their futures under a positive outlook). To test this hypothesis, we asked an online sample of 496 adults (249 women, 247 men) from the United Kingdom to complete measures of body appreciation, positive self-beliefs, and positive mental health. Participants also completed measures of self-efficacy and resilience, and provided their demographic information. Correlational analysis revealed significant, positive, and strong associations between body appreciation and facets of positive self-beliefs and positive mental health, respectively. Structural equation modelling showed that positive self-beliefs mediated the association between body appreciation and positive mental health after controlling for self-efficacy and resilience. This model was robust across women and men separately, and the mediational effects remained intact in sensitivity and robustness analyses. We discuss ways in which greater body appreciation may help individuals develop and maintain positive self-beliefs, which in turn shape mental health outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

White supremacy and racial inequities have long pervaded psychological research, including body image scholarship and practice. The experiences of white, heterosexual, able-bodied, cisgender (predominantly college) women from wealthy, Westernized nations have been centered throughout body image research and practice, thereby perpetuating myths of invulnerability among racialized groups and casting white ideals and experiences as the standard by which marginalized bodies are compared. Body image is shaped by multiple axes of oppression that exist within systemic and structural systems, ultimately privileging certain bodies above others. In this position paper, we highlight how white supremacy has shaped body image research and practice. In doing so, we first review the history of body image research and explain how participant sampling, measurement, interpretive frameworks, and dissemination of research have upheld and reinforced white supremacy. Next, grounded in inclusivity and intersectionality, we advance the Sociostructural-Intersectional Body Image (SIBI) framework to more fully understand the body image experiences of those with racialized and minoritized bodies, while challenging and seeking to upend white supremacy in body image research and practice. We encourage other scholars to utilize the SIBI framework to better understand body inequities and the body image experiences of all people, in all bodies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We examined the life histories of older lesbian, bisexual, and queer women, focusing on the stories they told about their bodies and sexuality from early to later life. Guided by a narrative constructionist approach, a series of two life history interviews were conducted with 17 lesbian, bisexual, and queer women aged 65-86. Two themes were constructed through a narrative thematic analysis: Queering the Corset: Negotiating Gender Expression and (Aspirational) Aging Body Acceptance. Participants experienced body-related freedom through 'tomboy' expressions of physicality as children. This body autonomy was constrained in adolescence and adulthood due to heterosexist messages surrounding idealized femininity relayed by family and (heterosexual) men, which disrupted self-care yet catalyzed attuned, queer desire and positive embodiment. Women worked to accept their bodies as they aged; they experienced some body dissatisfaction in relation to age-related body changes, yet gratitude and pride in their older queer identities. The findings highlight concurrent positive and negative body image, and breadth of body-related experiences ranging from attunement and agency to discomfort and disruption throughout the life course. This work contributes to body image and embodiment research by moving beyond dominant (youthful) heteronormative perspectives by illuminating how ageism and heterosexism can shape body-related experiences., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have read the Instructions for Authors and do not have any interests that might be interpreted as influencing the research. Each author has approved the paper, and have also agreed to the bi-line order. The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In the present times, there is a high influence caused by social media platforms in case of body image issues faced by an individual. Pregnancy is a stage for women where they go through several mental and physical changes. Realizing the inseparable role played by social media in this aspect, it is an attempt here to determine the effect caused by social media on the body image of pregnant women as well for those in their post-partum stages. The PRISMA method is used by the authors to arrive at 55 research papers from the Scopus databases that are systematically reviewed. The authors' review reveals that social media can have both negative and positive effects on women's perception of body image during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

This paper explores the overlooked contributions of Husserl's Phenomenology of intersubjectivity in understanding anorexia nervosa. It highlights the intricate relationship between the self and others, emphasizing their mutual constitution while acknowledging inherent differences. The distorted body image approach often overlooks this perspective, leading to psychopathological issues in individuals with anorexia nervosa. By integrating subjective experience and external observation, a more balanced and equal intersubjective relationship can be established. Utilizing this philosophical framework allows for a deeper understanding of the disorder's dynamics and sheds new light on the subjective experiences of individuals with anorexia nervosa in relation to others., (© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Summary: The paper examines preferences for nutritional and health‐related food attributes, the importance placed on intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of food and the individual, household and psychographic determinants when making choices. To address the lack of empirical studies, the paper estimates Poisson, negative binomial and linear regressions using data from 457 young Chinese adults between 18 and 30 years. The results show a strong preference for nutritional and health‐related food attributes. Gender and unemployment are associated with a decrease in the number of nutritional features valued in food choices. In contrast, a higher income and a positive perception of body shape are associated with an increase in the number of valued nutritional features. Also, older individuals assign lower importance to intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics in evaluating food, while larger household size, higher income, and positive body shape perception increase the importance placed on intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics in evaluating food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture affects individuals' perceptions and experiences of their bodies. In order to provide the most effective solutions to body image-related issues, it is necessary to understand cultures and their influences on body image in various populations. This paper focuses on the effects of culture on body image. Therefore, a systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, yielding 2064 articles published between 1990 and 2023. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 articles were selected. Our findings showed a strong influence of culture on body image, highlighting the impact of societal expectations on individuals' mental well-being. Western cultures, with their preference for thinness, differ from non-Western ideals. The findings also showed the impact of regional variations within the same culture and society on body image. Furthermore, the study found that the young demographic, especially females, is the most vulnerable to body image issues; however, emerging research within our review also indicates a growing concern among males. This study underscores the necessity of culturally considering interventions to address body image issues, which are integral to improving mental health concerns like body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, depression, low self-esteem, and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates how natural language processing methods can support the computer-aided rapid assessment of young adults suffering from anorexia nervosa. We applied natural language processing and machine learning techniques to develop methods that classified body image notes into four categories (sick/healthy, past tense, irony, and sentiment) and analyzed personal vocabulary. The datasets consisted of notes from 115 anorexic patients, 85 healthy participants, and 50 participants with head and neck cancer. To evaluate the usefulness of the proposed approach, we interviewed ten professional psychologists who were experts in eating disorders, eight direct (first contact) staff, and fourteen school counselors and school psychologists. The developed tools correctly differentiated the individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa, which was reflected in the linguistic profile and the results of the machine learning classification of the body image notes. The developed tool also received a positive evaluation from the psychologists specializing in treating eating disorders, school psychologists, and nurses. The obtained results indicate the potential of using natural language processing techniques for the computer-aided rapid assessment of a person's condition in terms of anorexia nervosa. This method could be applied as both a screening tool and for the regular monitoring of people at risk of eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore teacher candidates' response to young adult literature (prose and comics) featuring fat identified protagonists. The paper considers the textual and embodied resources readers use and reject when imagining and interpreting a character's body. This paper explores how readers' meaning making was influenced when reading prose versus comics. This paper adds to a corpus of scholarship about the relationships between young adult literature, comics, bodies and reader response theory. Design/methodology/approach: At the time of the study, participants were enrolled in a teacher education program at a Midwestern University, meeting monthly for a voluntary book club dedicated to reading and discussing young adult literature. To examine readers' responses to comics and prose featuring fat-identified protagonists, the author used descriptive qualitative methodologies to conduct a thematic analysis of meeting transcripts, written participant reflections and researcher memos. Analysis was grounded in theories of reader response, critical fat studies and multimodality. Findings: Analyses indicated many readers reject textual clues indicating a character's body size and weight were different from their own. Readers read their bodies into the stories, regarding them as self-help narratives instead of radical counternarratives. Some readers were not able to read against their assumptions of thinness (and whiteness) until prompted by the researcher and other participants. Originality/value: Although many reader response scholars have demonstrated readers' tendencies toward personal identification in the face of racial and class differences, there is less research regarding classroom practices around the entanglement of physical bodies, body image and texts. Analyzing reader's responses to the constructions of fat bodies in prose versus comics may help English Language Arts (ELA) educators and students identify and deconstruct ideologies of thin-thinking and fatphobia. This study, which demonstrates thin readers' tendencies to overidentify with protagonists, suggests ELA classrooms might encourage readers to engage in critical literacies that support them in reading both with and against their identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In recent years, issues related to body image, fat shaming, and societal perceptions of weight have gained more attention in educational discourse (Carmona-Márquez, et al., 2023; Dark and Aphramor, 2023; Nutter, Ireland, Alberga, et al., 2019; Schorb, 2022). The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of engaging students and educators to critically examine fat ideology in teacher education and P-12 classrooms through the lens of multicultural education. Design/methodology/approach: Using a multicultural lens to examine fat phobia in education. Findings: This paper explores the importance of engaging students and educators to critically examine fat ideology in teacher education and P-12 classrooms through the lens of multicultural education. Practical implications: By acknowledging the intersection of body image bias with cultural diversity, educators can foster inclusive environments that challenge harmful stereotypes and promote body positivity. This paper also provides strategies for integrating discussions on fat ideology within the multicultural education framework, aiming to empower both teachers and students from a multicultural education perspective to think critically and advocate for social justice. Social implications: This paper also provides strategies for integrating discussions on fat ideology within the multicultural education framework, aiming to empower both teachers and students from a multicultural education perspective to think critically and advocate for social justice. Originality/value: The issue of fat phobia is rarely discussed in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to evaluate children's literature that focuses on body size issues for elementary readers. Design/methodology/approach: The paper used an evaluative tool based on three categories: content, audience and other considerations. Findings: The evaluative tool was used to evaluate six children's books identified as critical literature supporting body image. The books evaluated focused on body image but were also tied to other themes such as body positivity, body neutrality, self-love, acceptance, diversity and inclusivity. All books acknowledged and celebrated the uniqueness of varied body types. Research limitations/implications: Because of the number of books evaluated, the evaluative results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to evaluate other critical children's literature focused on body image. Practical implications: The paper offers recommendations for parents, teachers and schools. Originality/value: This paper encourages the need for parents, teachers and schools to help children embrace body positivity and neutrality so that they would love their skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify the 100 top-cited meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy studies published in radiology, medical imaging and nuclear medicine journals. Methods: A PubMed search with pre-defined criteria was performed. The 100 top-cited articles meta-analyses were retrieved, using a custom Python script and the Scopus Application Programming Interface (Elsevier). Publication, citation and affiliation details were extracted from each meta-analysis. No formal statistical analysis was performed. Results: The top meta-analysis was cited 394 times, the 100th meta-analysis 38 times. The USA was the top country represented in the papers (33 meta-analyses) followed by The Netherlands, China and Germany. The journal Radiology published 24 studies. The most common modality reported was positron emission tomography (PET) or PET computed tomography (36 instances), followed by magnetic resonance imaging (30 instances) and computed tomography (27 instances). Cardiac (19 meta-analyses), abdominal (18 meta-analyses), followed by neurological (12 meta-analyses) investigations were the most frequently encountered in the top 100 cited meta-analyses. Conclusions: The 100 top-cited meta-analyses encompass a broad range of imaging modalities and body regions. This may comprise a useful resource for identifying influential evidence-based diagnostic accuracy information in radiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]