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The article focuses on the tendencies in artificial intelligence (AI) conceptualization based on the analysis of Russian media discourse. The conceptual, figurative and axiological features of AI as an abstract mental formation are identified. The conceptualization of artificial intelligence is shown to be represented in two directions: the ability of an artificial system to perform tasks that mimic human cognitive abilities and the science of modelling computerized intellectual behavior. The nuclear features of the concept with the key representation in the word combination artificial intelligence are recorded in lexicographic sources and special-purpose dictionaries; they constitute the basis for the conceptualization of artificial intelligence in media discourse. In the figurative-andperceptual aspect, artificial intelligence is conceptualized as a living being endowed with physical characteristics and analytical abilities. Artificial intelligence is noted to be conceptualized in media discourse as an object of use, development, implementation, training, that performs a wide range of vital functions, and as a subject that demonstrates anthropomorphic characteristics (the ability to memorize, explain, analyze, etc.). The conceptualization of artificial intelligence in the value dimension manifests itself through positive assessment or possible harm. The utilitarian properties are evaluated positively, whereas the hypothetical impact on humans, in the case of uncontrolled headway in this area, is assessed negatively.

Reproducing the speech portrait of a character in the text of a literary work is a difficult artistic task, especially for characters who have certain intellectual impairments and speech disorders, i.e. suffer from aphasia. The writer gives an authentic and detailed description of certain manifestations of aphatic syndromes in the character taking into account both language disorders and psychopathological manifestations that significantly affect the structure and content of the text. The article defines and characterizes the peculiarities of the use of language means in creating the image of a character with intellectual disabilities in the novel. The novel under study shows the evolution of the character’s personality: as a result of a scientific experiment (surgical operation), a patient with low level of intellectual development turns practically into a genius. But interfering with the character’s brain gives only a temporary improvement –– rapid progress is replaced by degradation. The changes in Charlie Gordon’s intellectual development are shown through his speech portrait –– an important means of revealing the image of the character and his inner world. The depiction of the image of a character in a literary work involves giving him speech abilities in accordance with all factors that affect the course of speech, its qualitative and quantitative characteristics (personal, mental, psychological, age, social, national, regional). The analysis of the novel by D. Keys shows that the writer portrays the character in dynamics, which is also reflected in his speech portrait. Charlie Gordon’s path from a person with intellectual disability to an intellectual genius and vice versa is shown in his reports-records, in which all that happened to him is successively reproduced, and the people he had to communicate with, his worldview and his perception of the world are described. In order to create the image of a character with intellectual disabilities, D. Keyes chose only a few linguistic means (graphon, capitalization, lexical repetitions) to reproduce the speech of such a person, with a wider range of such means for the image of Charlie the intellectual. The deliberate selection of linguistic means helped to create contrasting images of Charlie as a person with intellectual disabilities and Charlie as a person with a high IQ. Contrasting speech portraits of the character involves a special expressiveness, addressability and helps D. Keys to create a three-dimensional, multifaceted image.

The relevance of the study is determined by the demand for “new sincerity” that has emerged in society. Reflecting modern trends, mass media highlight the urgency of research into this phenomenon from various angles. The purpose of the work is to describe mass media potential for the use of irony and post-irony as means of expressing “new sincerity”. The analysis is carried out on the material of modern intellectual periodicals The Rules of Life (formerly Esquire) and The New Yorker, which represent a striking example and an integral part of postmodern culture, create and communicate its values. The novelty of the study lies in the integrated approach that enabled the authors to describe the linguistic mechanisms of transforming irony to post-irony and to prove the capability of the “new sincerity” concept extrapolation to the sphere of mass media through determining the characteristic features of irony and post-irony that reflect new communicative strategies. An empirical study identifies lexical, syntactic, stylistic, graphic means of post-irony expression in modern intellectual periodicals and allows to conclude that it is represented in pathos and categoricity reduction, explicit criticism and sarcasm elimination, as well as transition from the irony of rejection to the post-irony of sensitivity, frankness and sympathy. Post-irony is shown to constitute the style of intellectual periodicals while the magazines themselves are noted to be the bearers of the “new sincerity” philosophy.

The article presents the analysis of linguistic and cultural features of COVID-19 discourse. The current research is an attempt to identify the discourse-forming features of the given discourse as well as to analyze the empirical material focusing on its genre and language features. The analysis is based upon general scientific methods, with the use of interpretive methodology and contextual analysis. The author analyzes methods of construction and navigation of COVID-19 Internet pages integrated into the university Internet portal providing the justification of its hypertext characteristics and describing the thematic features of the headings. The article describes constructive features of the COVID-19 discourse including its participants, chronotope, goals, strategies and values. The author considers COVID-19 discourse an institutional hybrid interdiscursive phenomenon which forms a thematically limited communicative space in the structure of the university Internet portal during the coronavirus pandemic. The article contains the analysis of the genre aspects of the given discourse based on two non-similar languages (Russian, German) focusing on their discourse-conditioned lexical, syntactic peculiarities. The research revealed the specific genre nature of the COVID-19 university discourse which is determined by the formation and existence of the COVID-19 discourse in different linguocultures. The author shows the interdependence of genre structure and intra-genre linguistic means focusing on the similarities and differences in syntactic and lexical markers of discourse. All this allows to suggest the presence of linguocultural determination of COVID-19 discourse in the structure of the university Internet portal of two non-similar languages. The study opens up the prospects for further focus on the linguocultural determination of COVID-19-discourse and a detailed analysis of its linguistic and translatological features.

The article presents some results of a research project that studies the semantics of unity and animosity in Russian lexis and phraseology. Taking a semasiological approach, the authors explore the socionym ‘yuppie’, which belongs to social vocabulary and performs a nominative function for a social group of yuppies – young urban professionals. This category is viewed as a linguocultural type which emerged in the USA in the 1980s. The authors aim at revealing how the socionym ‘yuppie’ and its derivatives function in mass media texts. The research sample includes 42 articles retrieved from foreign newspapers and websites published from the 1980s to the 2020s. The analysis of dictionary definitions and real texts has discovered a well-established family of words with a bound root morpheme yup- (yuppie, yuppieish; yuppiedom; yuppiefy; deyuppiefy; yuppiefication; Yupmobile; pre-yuppie; proto-yuppie; anti-yuppie; Über-yuppie). The lexeme ‘yuppie’ and its derivatives still serve as motivating words for neologisms (deyuppiefication). Contextual analysis reveals the scope of the concept including its denotative and connotative meanings. The main characteristics of the type include workaholism, conspicuous consumption, weirdness and indifference to others. In the mass media of the 80s, the socionym ‘yuppie’ used to function as a pejorative label, which resulted in its euphemistic change for ‘the Y-word’. The socionym ‘yuppie’ has transformed over time: the yuppie type of the 1980s has lost its main denotative features and acquired another connotative meaning: envy of and distaste to ‘yuppies’ are replaced by a nostalgic flair in the modern media, while the lexeme ‘neo-yuppie’ comes into use to indicate new consumption models and lifestyles. The systematic study of nominative units that are used to mark linguocultural types helps to identify their main characteristics, as well as track changes in the language system in relation to social context.

The study aims to determine whether the images of a teacher in the normative document and the minds of student teachers coincide, as well as to identify the differences. A total of 236 students of the Faculty of Philology and History participated in the associative experiment. The words "ability", "readiness", and "possession" are the most common words used in the normative documents of the Russian Federation in the context of higher education. The concept of "teacher" is the main stimulus word in the associative experiment. The results of the associative experiment revealed a group of the most frequent associative words. In addition, based on the quantitative indicators of the associative experiment, nine thematic groups of associative words were formed. A comparative analysis of the indicators of an associative experiment involving students from different countries can make it possible to compare the features of national education systems and show their effect on the formation of a teacher image in the minds of student teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the text in the modern paradigm of scientific knowledge from the perspective of categorization and pragmatics. A look at the text in a categorical dimension attests to a change in definitions, an expansion of the interpretation of the concept. It is noted that linguists differentiate text and discourse, study the text in semantic, grammatical, pragmatic-communicative and structural planes, study the categorical organization of the text. Focused on what, in addition to written texts, oral texts also attract the attention of scholars. The analysis of the text as an object of linguistic research in a pragmatic dimension is presented on the material of an oral text - a football television report. Football live television reporting appears as a process and product of oral communication addressed to a multi-million audience of game fans. The features of the football television report as a text are explained through a system of text categories with units of a lower hierarchy (according to the concept of A. Yeshchenko) in three dimensions: from the perspective of semantics, from the perspective of communicativeness, at the level of pragmatics. Summarized that, the correlation of text categories of different dimensions serves as a text-constitutive factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To this article the example of the use of institution of higher learning technologies (in particular, lingostylistic aspect) is driven during work with text on the lesson of Russian; the certain system of language means (mainly verbs and nouns) that organize artistic time in the story of A. P. Chekhov «Fiancee»; their correlation is underlined with the basic theme of work. The special attention is spared to the functions of verbal forms, transmitter a temporal orientation from the past - in a present and - in the future. A standard over of reasoning is brought during work with text.

Background. In connection with the active interest of researchers in the problems of social interaction in the public communicative space, it is reasonable for the authors to refer to the advertising technical discourse, where the features of social communication are due to different types of target audience, i.e., specialists, business people and the mass audience. The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the sociolinguistic features of advertising technical discourse, taking into account the social purposefulness and targeting of this type of discourse. Materials and methods. The empirical material was advertising booklets and ads in Yandex from 2018 to 2022. The sample size for the article was 140 texts of technical advertising. When analyzing the material, interpretive analysis, the method of content analysis were used. Results. The results of the study showed that technical advertising texts intended for specialists are characterized by the use of special terms. Those addressed to business people are characterized by the dominance of lexical units of economic subjects, the active use of attributive phrases, abbreviations in the field of economics and the international security standard. Technical advertising for a mass audience is distinguished by the use of evaluative words and expressions, various stylistic means. The analysis of social interaction in advertising technical discourse made it possible to identify the sociolinguistic specifics of advertising technical discourse by characterizing the language means used in advertising created for different types of recipients. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in practical work by advertising specialists who promote technical and high-tech products on the market; in lecture courses on lexicology and advertising discourse, they can also be useful to scientists involved in research on technical and scientific and technical advertising.

The article deals with the study of the peculiarities of linguistic expression of the category of assessment, which as a universal language category operating at different language levels, plays an important role in the choice of native speakers and, consequently, culture, language means of information and is equally important for mental processes of perception, comprehension and acceptance or non-acceptance of this information. The publications in the scientific literature on various aspects of the study of the category of evaluation in terms of language have been reviewed. The analysis of the peculiarities of verbalization of the category of evaluation is carried out on the material of fictional and dramatic discourse, which is a productive language environment for studying the category of evaluation, because through verbalized national-cultural ideas and stereotypes are reflected the conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world. First of all, this category is manifested in the language and characteristics of the characters. Special attention is paid to the characters of a (chynovnyk, pan, a pani, a panna and a cossack, verbalized in the fictional and dramatic discourse of the XIX century. Evaluative characteristics, which are the elements of language modeling of fictional images, served as a basis for distinguishing the following types of evaluation: positive and negative evaluation in the structure of the text narrative, neutral evaluation, hidden positive evaluation, author's evaluation, evaluation by other characters. A positive evaluation in the language of fiction is shown by the linguistic means of creating the character of a cossack. Negative assessment was found in the linguistic means of creating the image of the pan (landlord), the images of the pani and panna are ambivalent. Evaluation is present both in the language of the characters and in the author's characteristics or comments. The object of evaluation in the fictional and dramatic genres can be both internal and external characteristics of the characters, and external characteristics are often marked by positive evaluation, while internal features have either negative or ambivalent evaluation characteristics. It was found that the ways of realization of positive or negative evaluation in the language of fiction are quite diverse. They depend on the literary and fictional methods, the creative manner of the writer and reflect his worldview.

Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей использования дисфемизмов в качестве средств языкового манипулирования для реализации стратегии дискредитации в англоязычных средствах массовой информации. Авторы обращаются к проблеме рассмотрения основных понятий: «дисфемизм», «манипуляция», «языковое манипуляция», «дискредитация». В статье раскрываются основные функции использования дисфемизмов в СМИ, которые указывают на их эффективность в плане реализации стратегии дискредитации. Анализ фактического материала показал, что действительно первостепенной функцией дисфемизмов является дискредитирующая; данная функция наиболее ярко представлена в интерпретации событий в текстах СМИ. Значительное внимание уделяется исследованию примеров использования дисфемизмов для реализации тактики оскорбления, тактики наклеивания ярлыков и тактики издевки. Исследование основано на анализе конкретных примеров дисфемистических словоупотреблений для выражения отрицательной оценки, неодобрения или пренебрежения по отношению к адресату. Вербализаторами оценки выступают дисфемизмы и сопряжённые с ними отрицательно-оценочная лексика, метафоры. Посредством дисфемизмов осуществляется репрезентация, зачастую, переосмысление и намеренное искажение ценностей в медиатексте. Также, в результате анализа выявлено, что на страницах англоязычных СМИ сформирован некоторый образ России и ее политического лидера, президента В.В. Путина. Намеренное использование дисфемизмов приводит к приписыванию России отрицательно маркированных характеристик. Оценка роли и действий России на международной арене, ее ключевых политических персоналий осуществляется через призму субъективной позиции журналиста или медиаиздания. Оценка выражается как эксплицитно – посредством лексем с заключенным в них оценочным компонентом, так и имплицитно – метафорически.

The study aims to determine whether the images of a teacher in the normative document and the minds of student teachers coincide, as well as to identify the differences. A total of 236 students of the Faculty of Philology and History participated in the associative experiment. The words “ability”, “readiness”, and “possession” are the most common words used in the normative documents of the Russian Federation in the context of higher education. The concept of “teacher” is the main stimulus word in the associative experiment. The results of the associative experiment revealed a group of the most frequent associative words. In addition, based on the quantitative indicators of the associative experiment, nine thematic groups of associative words were formed. A comparative analysis of the indicators of an associative experiment involving students from different countries can make it possible to compare the features of national education systems and show their effect on the formation of a teacher image in the minds of student teachers.

The article deals with language means that are used to influence people’s feelings and consciousness to attract the attention of listeners by deliberate deviating from standard speech. The purpose of this article is to identify the specific features of lexical and syntactic means of reflecting political realities in the texts of English-language dystopias. The material for the study was the English-language dystopias of the 20-50s of the XX century. The analysis was based on methods of systematization and classification of the material, interpretation of the text, as well as contextual analysis. The practical significance of the research is that its results can be used in university courses in linguistics, literary studies and special courses in cultural linguistics, stylistics and linguistics of the text. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the stylistic means of language in the texts of English-speaking dystopias are used to highlight the emotional and expressive aspects of political language.

The article discusses the universal and culturally-specific features and linguistic means of the political cartoon in the Arabic and French languages. Political cartoon is a universal tool for political dialogue between government and society, a reflection or reaction of society to a certain political event, series of events, or a person of national or world level. The goals and objectives of political cartoon, its mechanism of influence on the addressee, and its genre identity have a common tradition and common components. The study of the phenomenon of a political cartoon in various linguistic cultures is an area of relevant multidisciplinary research, primarily because the authors creative principle at the level of text and drawing interacts in the political cartoon with tradition and its genre framework, producing a capacious multilayer creolized text, the decoding of which requires from the addressee the presence of linguistic, logical and extralinguistic (primarily political and historical) presuppositions and the skills to analyze it. The object of the proposed work is a modern political cartoon in Arabic and French. The subject of the research is structural, lexical-semantic, pragmatic and cultural-specific characteristics of the creolized text of a political cartoon in the Arabic and French languages. The purpose of the work is to identify universal and culturally specific features of a cartoon on a political leader or an event at the iconic and verbal level in each of the languages under consideration. For the first time in Russian linguistics the presented study carries out a comparative analysis of the political cartoon in the Arabic and French languages and describes its universal features and cultural-specific peculiarities.

The article analyzes various approaches to the study of irony in Russian and foreign linguistics. Irony is considered as a complex multifaceted phenomenon, its types and specific features are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the means of expression of irony, relating to different linguistic levels, in modern literary text in English and French.

The article describes the most inconsistent and contradictory modal categories of obligation and necessity presented in linguistics. Many scientific papers have been devoted to the study of modality in general and its particular varieties. Interest in its research is caused by the increased attention to the role of language as a means of communication and individualization of the human thought and speech process. The relevance of the problem is also in line with the general trend of improving, ordering, and systematizing the conceptual and terminological apparatus of linguistics. Subjective modality has a multiple semantics, various means of expression, and a number of possible relationships between form and content in the process of speech functioning. These characteristics result in contradictory and confusing interpretations of these categories in science. The research objective was to determine the content basis of these modalities and show how they are interdependent. The study was based on the methods of analysis, comparison, and generalization. The article focuses on the relationship between obligation and necessity in the general field of modality, as well as on their linguistic nature. The types of unreal modality proved to be different varieties of modality with a common area of semantics and use. The author generalized an extensive theoretical material on the categories of obligation and necessity, identified their meanings, and provided a basis for further research. The results of the analysis can also be used in courses of theoretical and applied philology.

The article is devoted to the comprehensive review of the concepts of DISEASE and ANIMAL DISEASE and means of their verbalization in English. The material for the study were articles from dictionaries, texts of medical discourse, the works of foreign researchers on this issue. The use of descriptive and comparative methods, etymological and contextual analyzes contributed to the selection of semantic and cognitive features of the DISEASE concept, substantiation of the peculiarities of its verbalization. There are three most common units in the lexical-semantic series of the DISEASE concept: "disease", "illness", "sickness". A comparative analysis of these tokens within the lexical-semantic field "disease" in English showed that they have a common semantic feature: "health problems, physiological or mental disorders." The DISEASE concept exists in both scientific and naive pictures of the world, but the ways of its expression differ significantly. In the scientific medical field, the concept of "disease" occupies a prominent position. The terms "illness", "sickness" are mainly used by naive native speakers mainly on a daily basis. In the English veterinary terminology, only three nominations are used to denote animal diseases: "disease", "sickness" and "illness" with the dominance of the token "disease". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the description of "joy/sadness" as the major emotions in the cognitive linguistics on the example of Russian and English languages. The author tells that understanding of these emotions is extremely important for learning different problems which are related to the human activity. In spite the fact that numerous scientific works are devoted to the study of emotions (Yu. D. Apresyan, A. Vezhbitskaya, G. V. Kolshansky, N. A. Lukyanova, E. F. Petrishcheva), emotivity is not ready to offer its full description. It is known that emotive components are presented at all levels of language communication. They suggest a person's desire to establish and maintain a contact with other people. The author states that stereotypes of using expressions "joy/sadness" are based on the specific ethnic community, so the basic emotional reactions are considered by native speakers differently. The author concludes that the difference of expression "joy/sadness" in Russian and English languages depends on the cultural factors which generate specific experience of emotions.

The research featured suggestive potential of religious discourse. The authors interpret suggestion as an effective tool that allows its users to plant an idea or attitude into the mind of the recipient, the latter being unaware of the object of suggestion. The paper focuses on the problem of interaction between rational and emotional-subjective sides of communication. Suggestion is defined as a way of linguistic manipulation based on the sensory-associative sides of consciousness. The authors study the means and methods of linguistic manipulation of personal attitudes using religious texts as specific examples. The suggestion makes the recipient adopt and include new information in the existing system of views, thus leading to a certain transformation of the worldview, which changes the motivational basis of behavior and may trigger hostile intentions and extremist actions. Suggestive techniques make it possible to avoid legal punishment by disguising facts that can be used to prove the presence of conflict-generating elements in the discourse. Such texts are used to create a certain emotional state, thus facilitating motivation, further contacts, and formation of opinion.

В статье освещены вопросы преподавания косвенных речевых актов в иноязычной аудитории. Рассмо- трены основные средства реализации косвенных директивов (просьбы, приказа, совета, разрешения, запрета и угрозы), комиссивов (согласия и отказа), репрезентативов (одобрения, несогласия и возражения), экспрессивов (комплимента, прошения и иронии) и декларативов (информирования), изучаемых иностранцами на уровне владения украинским языком В2. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью освещения проблемы преподавания косвен- ных речевых актов в иноязычной аудитории. Для достижения поставленной цели использованы следующие методы: описательный, сравнительный, лексико-семантический и контекстуальный анализ. Научная новизна заключается в том, что впервые проанализированы средства выражения косвенных речевых актов в украинском языке для дальней- шего их изучения в иноязычной аудитории. Выводы. Доказано, что учебно-методические материалы по украинскому языку как иностранному должны содержать примеры использования косвенных речевых актов в процессе коммуника- ции. Это позволит иноязычному, изучая украинский язык, усвоить особенности непрямой коммуникации и будет спо- собствовать формированию коммуникативной компетентности, обеспечивая адекватную речевую и поведенческую реакцию.The paper deals with the issue of teaching indirect speech acts in a foreign-language audience. Main means of realization of indi- ect directives (request, order, advice, permission, prohibition and threat), commissives (agreement and refusal), representatives (approval, disapproval and negation), expressives (compliment, apology and irony) and declarations (informing) are examined, which are studied by foreigners at the Ukrainian language profici- ency level of В2. That is what determines the relevance of the article. Research methods. The descriptive method and the meth- d of comparison are applied for the analysis, synthesis and summ- ry of scientific theories. The descriptive method is also used to characterize the conditions that influence the realization of speech acts: communicative intentions, models of the addresser / the addr- dressee, communicative past / future, etc. The language means of expression of speech acts are systematized by methods of lexical- semantic and contextual analysis. The scientific novelty. The paper is the first to analyze the means of expressing indirect speech acts in Ukrainian for their further study in a foreign-language audi- dience at the Ukrainian language. Conclusions. It is proved that teaching materials in Ukrainian as a foreign language should cont- in examples of the use of indirect speech acts in the process of communication. This will enable foreigners, learning the Ukrainian language, to master the peculiarities of indirect communication, and contribute to the formation of communicative competence, providing an adequate speech and behavioral response.

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The actuality of the article is conditioned by the significant role of game elements in language functioning and in teaching linguistic disciplines, as well as by the importance of computer technology in modern society. The purpose of the article is to compare the logic (i.e. organization, structure) of a role-playing computer game (RPG) and communicative and research activity. The results of this comparison can be used in teaching a language and in linguistic studies. The research material includes the terms from the RPG sphere, language units and rules which are used in language activities. The research methods are observation and description, realized by the means of comparison and modeling, as well as of semiotic methods. The article analyzes semantic and structural connection between RPG elements (the personage, abilities and skills of the personage, quests, resources, research and development) and elements and patterns of communicative and research activity (communicator, language abilities and skills, the purpose of communication, language means). The functional similarity between the objects being compared on the base of universal RPG semiotics and language functioning is pointed out. It is shown how RPG logic helps to perform linguistic tasks on the example of Russian grammar categories (singular and plural forms of nouns, lexical and grammatical categories of adjectives). The author presents exercises for teaching the Russian language where pupils’ activity implicitly includes RPG logic.

The article deals with the specific character of the addresser’s category and his embodiment in the genre of media feature article. In particular, the repertoire of direct and indirect split-level linguistic markers of the author’s ego representation is defined; their quantitative indicators, as well as lingvopragmatic characteristics are revealed.

At the present stage of development of the language means of expression of emotional states gain the special importance. Object of research are language means of expression of an emotional state “irritation” in works of writers-bilingual of Kazakhstan. Fragments of the texts describing an emotional state “irritation” are given as examples.