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Objective: Thoughtful human touch and acute tactile recognition are important nursing skills. In Japanese nursing education, first year lectures provide few opportunities for students to develop their sense of touch. Due to the COVID 19 pandemic, physical distancing requirements have caused educators to shi ft to distance learning, further reducing the exploration of touch. We developed and analyzed Touch Deeply a new educational method that can be used in classroom settings and through distance learning to inspire nursing students to explore their sense of touch and think deeply about the importance of touch in their work.Methods: This project started in 2019 developing a new tactile educational method using ordinary objects to guide first year students in classroom settings through a process of narrative inquiry. Bubble wrap was found to be a highly effective material for focusing students’ attention on their sense of touch. In distance learning sessions, sheets of ordinary paper became a useful alternative. Nursing students were guided through exercises u sing these materials combined with thought provoking questions.Results: The Touch Deeply method stimulated students to explore their use of their hands and become aware of their sensation of touch. Touching ordinary objects became an entry point for stu dents to discover their impulses, urges and tendencies, and for them to examine the dimensions and subtlety of their touch. Through distance learning, students discovered their fine acuity in touching paper, and they discussed their thoughts about touch in relation to human life and nursing care. Many students related their touch experiences to ideas about humanity and society.Discussion: Through Touch Deeply exercises, students noticed their sensations, expressed their feelings, and reflected upon their experiences in nursing. When instruction is limited to distance learning, the sense of the hand in nursing practice can atrophy. The embodiment of recognition through touching helped students link their personal experiences to educational content about ba sic humanity in nursing.Conclusion: Through the new Touch Deeply method, it is possible to stimulate students to reflect on the nature and importance of touch in nursing practice., 目的；21世紀の現在、日本の大学では視覚情報が主流の教育が行われている。学生は視覚以外の感覚を使用することが少ない。しかし私たち人間は、かなり高度な手とタッチの認識力を持っている。ここ数年、著者らは学生が周囲の物体に触れ、自分の感情に気づき、表現し、経験を反省し、そこから考え学ぶ教育方法を開発してきた。方法；身の回りの物体の中でも特にBubble Wrap（プチプチ）は人がそれに触れると、人に内在する「潰したいという衝動」を誘発する。 2019年、著者らはプチプチに触れたときの学生の衝動を出発点とする新たな触覚教育法を開発した。しかし2020年には新型コロナウイルス COVID-19の流行により、プチプチの準備や対面での語りかけが困難になった。そこでCOVID-19禍のもとでの遠隔教育という新たな状況下でも、学生が問題なく入手できる代替物体として、一枚の紙に焦点を当て、紙に触れて感じ考える教育方法を開発した。結果；2019年に、プチプチに触れた学生は、その形状と触感に強く反応し、自己の衝動を意識化できた。さらにその気づきを出発点として、様々な質問を投げかけることで、人や社会への関心を拡げた。他方、2020年、一枚の紙に触れた学生は、当初は平らな紙に反応するように見えなかった。紙はプチプチよりも指先への刺激が少ないからである。しかし紙を折り、曲げ、微細な段差を作るなどする中で、学生は自己の指先の鋭敏さに気づき、微細な段差と自己の経験を重ね合わせ、COVID-19 のもとでの自分の生活環境変化も考察し始めた。結論；COVID-19禍の下で大学教育の主流はオンラインに移行し、視覚的な情報がますます重視される一方で、触覚など手の感覚に注意が向けられることは少ない。しかし、本試行で開発した指先のタッチ、触覚を活用する方法は、オンラインでも有効なことが示された。, 実践報告 = Report

看護師にとって手の働きは重要であり、触れる技術としてのタッチは看護の基本技術と位置付けられる。しかし看護の初学者に対し、技術としてのタッチの教育を急ぐ前に、タッチの基礎となる「手で対象に触れ感じ考えることの意味」をどのように教育したらよいだろうか。国内外の文献を検索したが、適切な先行研究が見当たらなかった。そこで看護大学の初年次教育用に新プログラムを開発した。 開発に当たっては、筆者が1990 年代から医学生を対象に行ってきた視覚障害体験実習の１プログラム「身の回りの物体に触れて考える」を出発点とした。少人数の設定では、学生は様々な物体（複雑な日用品から人間の手肌まで）に触れて考えることができる。しかしこの設定を大教室に適用するのは難しい。大教室で実行するためには工夫が必要である。飽きることなく触れ続けられ、様々なことを考えられる物体は何だろうか？学生がその指先から“人間性”や“看護の概念”に至るまで、思考を拡げることは可能だろうか？ 試行錯誤の結果、気泡緩衝材（通称プチプチ）に注目した。プチプチは独特なアフォーダンスを持っている。通常はプチプチを渡すと学生はすぐにそれを潰し始める。しかし「なぜ潰すのか？それを命と考えても潰せるか？」などの問いを投げかけると、学生は触れることの意味を考え始める。プチプチにナラティブな問いかけを組み合わせ、新教育プログラムとした。2019 年6 月、学生120 名に対して新プログラムを実施した。学生はプチプチを教材として受入れ、“触れることの意味”から“看護と人間性”に至るまで、自律的に思考を発展させたことが観察された。, Hands are important for nurses, and touch is positioned as a basic nursing technique. However, before going rush to educate technical touch, how should we guide novice nursing students to notice and discover hidden ability of their tactile sense and meaning of touch? I searched domestic and foreign literature on this point, but I did not find any appropriate literature. Therefore, I developed a new program “Let’s discover meanings of touch from our fingertip and start to think about nursing and humanity!”. The prototype of development is “Let’s touch objects around us and reflect about our daily life”, a program included in the visual-impairment-experience that the author has continued for a group of medical students since the 1990s. In this program, students touch various objects (from complex daily objects to human hands/skins) and think/reflect. However, this small group setting was difficult to apply to a class of 120 students. To perform the touching program in a large class, it is necessary to renew both the touching object and the touching protocol. What are the objects that can be touched without getting bored and think about various issues? Is it possible for students to extend their thinking from ones’ fingertips to the concept of humanity and nursing? As the result of trials and errors, I decided to use the bubble wrap (nickname “Putiputi” in Japan) as the object of touch. Bubble wrap has unique affordance, and usually when I give bubble wrap to students, they begin to pop it immediately. At the same time, however, when I ask questions such as “why do you pop/ crush?” or “how do you feel when you think it is a living creature?”, the students begins to reflect what they did and start to think more deeply. In this way, I developed a new educational program of touching bubble wrap and think / reflect various dimensions of humanity & nursing under the guidance of narrative inquiries. In June 2019, I implemented the program for 120 students. Students accepted bubble wrap (Putiputi) as an educational material and were able to develop their thinking autonomously from “meaning of touch” to nursing and humanity., 報告 = report

公衆衛生の考え方は健康な社会を構築する上で必須である。しかし日本では、公衆衛生の専門家教育は不十分である。専門家教育の不足を補うべく、健康に関連した全職種で国家資格を取得するために、科目としての公衆衛生の履修が求められる。しかし幅広い領域を一つの科目に押し込める結果、科目としての公衆衛生は複雑で学ぶのも教えるのも容易ではない。知識の詰め込みを優先する日本の公衆衛生教育の現状を変えることを目指し、本論考では講義室での経験を重視する新たな学修法を提案する。論考前半では、日本の公衆衛生概念の成立を歴史的に整理し、公衆衛生学の複雑さは以下の２点から成り立つことを示した；１）明治時代の文明開化から始まる理系・実験的な接近を重視した衛生学に由来の複雑さ、２）太平洋戦争後、米国教育使節団の視察を契機に社会科学的な視点が追加され公衆衛生学が誕生した際の複雑さ。論考後半では、複雑な科目、公衆衛生の学修において、個々の知識が学修者に無関係なものとして提示されることの多い現状を振り返った上で、学修者が講義室で何らかの経験をすることを重視し、新たな教育方法の概要をデザインした。特に注目したのは、学修者が指先で物体に触れて感じ考える触覚的な経験である。これまでに筆者が積み重ねてきた試行を元に、気泡緩衝材プチプチに触れて考える授業の概要を示し、プチプチから具現化される触覚的な知性に言及した。, The concept of public health is essential for building a healthy society. However, in Japan, public health professional education is inadequate. In order to make up for the lack of professional education, public health as a study subject is required to obtain a national qualification in all occupations related to health. However, as a result of pushing the broad spectrum of public health into one study subject (one class), public health has become very complex and difficult to learn and teach. Aiming to change the current state of public health education in Japan, which prioritizes the packing of knowledge, this paper proposes a new learning method that emphasizes the experience in the lecture room.In the first half of the paper, I historically organized the formation of public health in Japan and showed that the complexity of public health in Japan consists of the following two points: 1) Complexity originated through the process of importing and assimilating concepts of hygiene from Europe, starting with the civilization in the Meiji era, 2) Complexity when social science perspective was added and concept of public health was born in Japan, as the result of a visit of the US Education Mission after the Pacific War.In the second half of the paper, in the typical public health class, I looked back on the current educational situation where individual knowledge was presented as unrelated to the learner. Then I emphasized the importance of learner’s perspective, learner’s possibility of doing some experience in the lecture room, and designed an outline of a new educational method.Of particular interest is the tactile experience in which learners touch and feel objects with their fingertips. Based on the trials that I have accumulated so far, I have provided an outline of a class that I let learners touch bubble wrap and think.

現代の学習環境では目から視覚的に知識を学ぶ局面が増えている。電子端末の普及に伴ってタッチパネルに触れる機会は増えたが、主な情報は目から入る。手で文字を書くことも無くなりつつある。手や指の活用は減っている。しかし人間は本来、高度な触知思考能力（手の触覚を介して感じ考える能力）を持っている。本試行では、学習者の触知思考能力を引き出す方法の開発を試みた。対象とした学習項目は、保健医療看護福祉を専攻する学生に基礎・教養的な知識として求められる「人と社会に関連の諸概念」である。開発では触覚からのリフレクション（内省）を出発点とした。触覚が多様なリフレクションの引き金になることは、本開発に先行して明らかにしている。しかしリフレクションは自己の内面に向く傾向が強い。新たな知識を学習する上では、未体験の概念獲得に向けて「自分の内側から一歩外に踏み出すアプローチ」が欠かせない。このアプローチを現実化する触知物を探した結果、気泡緩衝材（通称プチプチ）に行き着いた。プチプチの触知から新たな概念に近づくための説明を検討し、以下の項目の意識化に向けたナラティブを開発した； (1)衝動・動機、(2)生命と人権、(3)実験的な発想、(4)個と集団、(5)行動科学的な接近、(6)構成主義的な内面への接近。2019 年4 月に上記の方法で授業を試行した。通常の授業に比較して「人と社会に関する基本的な概念をこれまでよりも身近に感じ、楽しく学べた」との学習者からの反応を得た。, In today's education, visual information is dominant. Learners are less likely to use senses other than vision. Writing of letters by hand is disappearing, and learners are expected to react using the touch panel. However, human beings initially possess advanced tactile thinking ability (the ability to think and feel through the touch). In this study, I tried to develop a method to extract learner's tactile thinking ability. The targeted learning items are "concepts related to people and society" that are required for students majoring in health care as basic and liberal knowledge.At the time of development, reflection from the sense of touch was the starting point. It is clear from my previous action research that the sense of touch triggers multiple reflections. However, these reflections tend to focus and reveal the inner surface of oneself. To learn new knowledge, it is essential to have an "approach to take a step outside of oneself" to acquire an inexperienced concept. As a result of searching for an appropriate object (tactile material) that makes this approach a reality, I came to a bubble wrap. I examined explanations for learners to approach new concepts guided by touching of bubble wrap and finally developed narratives to make the following topics conscious and learnable: (1) human motivation/needs, (2) life and human rights, (3) dose response ideas, (4) individuals and groups, (5) behavioral perspectives, and (6) constructivist perspectives.

There has been much publicity about New Zealand houses having indoor temperatures below World Health Organization standards and how insulation can benefit the health and comfort of the occupants. Landlords are required to install underfloor and ceiling insulation. In Christchurch, in some council flats, it has been suggested that commercial insulation is not practical and too expensive to retrofit, and tenants have been asked to use bubble wrap on windows. So, does bubble wrap actually improve interior comfort? In this study, air temperatures were measured in a typical New Zealand, three bedrooms, 100 m2, 1960s house. A heat-pump in the living room was set to heat to 18 °C. Bubble wrap was applied to bedroom windows during the winter and spring of 2019. Temperatures were compared to 2016 data, which was prior to the installation of the bubble wrap. Regression analysis was employed to determine if the bubble-wrap had any effect on air temperature by either reducing variability or improving average temperatures.

This research problematizes design issues involving articulations between creative methodologies (BAXTER, 2011; LOBACH, 2001; MUNARI, 2015) and creative processes (DELEUZE, 1987). Therefore, some procedures adopted by contemporary artists shall be used as resources, such as appropriation, displacement and reinvention. This here investigation aims to offer a theoretical basis for the practices presented in the course of interior design, more specifically in the discipline of furniture design, in the form of creative workshops for the development of projects. One of the ways to present these practices and workshops is based on the adoption of such strategies by designers Fernando and Humberto Campana, founders of the Campana brand and acknowledged in the domestic environment and abroad as well since the 1980s. In their pieces, these professionals incorporate the concepts of transformation, reinvention, appropriation and displacement. Their broad portfolio brings together proposals ranging from handicrafts to industry, as they incorporate concepts of reuse, as well as connections between art and sustainability. Among the unusual materials and procedures they adopt, there are PVC hoses transformed into the finish / coating of an armchair named Anemone, in allusion to the tentacles of the aquatic plant. There are also stuffed animals, fabric dolls and bubble wrap, which are displaced from their everyday / functional use to form the Banquet Armchair – which mocks the countless plush animals that materialize the seat; – the Multitude Armchair – in reference to the agglomeration of cloth dolls that cover it –; and the Bubble-Plastic Chair, whose back and seat are made of the material that would normally pack it. There are also wooden slats functionally destined to the packaging of fruit and vegetables at street fairs, appropriated by the designers for the construction of design objects such as the Favela Chair, evidenced by the disorganization in the shape and sizes of the slats used. This practical approach that reaches across design and art differs from rationalist design methodologies. These are practices that seek to contribute to the expansion of the reference repertoire, in addition to stimulating creative processes impregnated with critical thinking, posing questions about the functional and commercial meaning of objects, in addition to the possibility of assigning new significations and poetics to whatever is being projected. It is also worth mentioning that in the current scenario of crisis and value assessment that have been crossing the prevailing modes of production since the industrial era, the need to question creative and productive fields has been gaining strength, always with a view to generating critical reflections and promoting results of social relevance.

In this communication, we highlight the use of bubble wrap in the simple parallel synthesis of CuInS2-based quantum dots with different optical properties, based on varying precursors concentrations.

Throughout the World more children die and are disabled from injury than illness and disease, despite the fact that we are living in a society that is perceived to be safer than it has ever been. Environment and product modification means we have safer cars, homes, workplaces and play areas. Legislation and policy approaches have been introduced to regulate and enforce safe practices. However, in some cases this has brought about an over regulated and over protective societal change. Experiences and tasks once enjoyed by children are now often regarded as dangerous and irresponsible. The freedom of children to experience life in a way that allows them to develop competencies they need to become competent risk managers can be been hampered by over regulation of governing bodies and over protective practices of parents and caregivers, creating a bubble-wrapped generation in some communities. This paper captures an approach where child safety is reconceptualised by introducing a cultural-historical informed safety risk assessment model pushing against the current trend towards bubble-wrapped solutions to childhood injury prevention.

In northern countries, we sometimes encounter heavy snow fall and it causes low visible condition. In this circumstance, we have difficulty to keep the driving lane. For the purpose of safety driving, we develop the vehicle navigation system with Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RF-ID) to keep the driving lane. We obtain a vehicle location on the driving lane using UHF RF-ID system. The vehicle position in driving lane is written on RF-ID tags in advance and these tags are buried in an asphalt road. Our experimental vehicle equips RF-ID antenna which communicates with RF-ID tags and gets vehicle location on the driving lane. This position information is given to a driver by Liquid Cristal Display. We make Graphical User Interface which shows vehicle location and direction to the center of the driving lane. And our system gives voice instruction, which says the above direction. In order to simulate low visible condition, we put a bubble wrap onthe wind shield in front of driver’s seat. This bubble wrap makes driver difficult to see the outside. In our driving experiment with a daily driver and a novice driver, they can keep on the driving lane using our navigation system against the bubble wrap on the windshield. The navigation system with RF-ID is useful underthe low visible condition. And low visible condition is occurred in not only in the heavy snow fall, also thick fog and so on.

Audience: The Bubble-Wrap Peritonsillar Abscess Model is designed to instruct PGY 1-4 Emergency Medicine residents as well as Emergency Medicine-bound students. Introduction: Peritonsillar Abscesses (PTA) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Emergent ENT consultation may not be possible. Emergency physicians must be able to perform needle aspiration of PTA. This procedure is fraught with risk due to the natural proximity of the internal jugular vein and carotid artery to the pharyngeal tonsils. Deliberate practice of clinical procedures can drastically reduce associated complications (Okuda et al., 2009); however, no simulators are available for this particular purpose. Here we describe a PTA model that can be used to practice PTA drainage by novice learners. Objectives: The basic purpose of the bubble-wrap PTA model is to teach learners competency in the needle aspiration of peritonsillar abscesses. Method: This model uses bubble wrap, zip ties, chicken broth and liquid latex to simulate a peritonsillar abscess. Learners are then able to perform a needle aspiration of the simulated abscess from start to the end with no risk to a live patient.

Mariana and Martin live in Buenos Aires, two buildings apart (unbeknownst to each other). Both find themselves searching for human interaction after having deprived themselves of it for a long time. Mariana works as a window display designer, has a phobia of elevators, and becomes involved with a mannequin she is using for one of her projects. Her hope is that people looking at her windows will eventually interact with her inner world.Martin tries to cope with his anxiety attacks by secluding himself for a few years in his 400-square-foot shoebox apartment after furrowing himself in the virtual world of gaming and web design. On advice from his psychiatrist, he packs an urban survival backpack and sets out to rediscover the beauty of the city he's never leftby walking and photographing.The lack of human friction and interaction in the city is the way Medianeras/ Sidewalls (Gustavo Taretto, AR/ES/DE, 2011) portrays the living conditions in contemporary Buenos Aires. Surfaces, planes, and walls formulate the city section-a city of physical separations between people. Throughout the film, this section is destabilized by framing and exposing varying degrees of permeability of sound, touch, and light through the city's skins, which react in tandem with the characters' resistance to their secluded condition. The camera first focuses on the opaque, impenetrable, and distorting nature of surfaces-mirrored in gloves, bubble wrap, video games, pills, swimming lane lines, and computer screens.Then, panning in on the semi-porous nature of reflective and transparent surfaces, evoking Lee Friedlander's urban landscape of superimpositions, objects and figures bleed into one another and the foreground and background of the cinematic frame. They reverberate and project expanding planes into semi-virtual spaces (Figure 1). From here, the camera captures cracked walls, with cavities that make space for unexpected penetrations like the wild weeds that grow in them. It freezes when the sidewalls are pierced to create illegal windows, visually bridging the gap between the characters, the narratives, and the city.Even when there is no clear physical separation within the captured cinematography, the director continues to find it by framing a reoccurring composition: the camera is static, capturing vertical objects such as columns, fountains, trees, lampposts, etc., and placing them strategically at the center of the frame. They act as dividers for the figures that move and interact within these seemingly separate spaces. This sets the streetscape to a staccato rhythm of potentially secluded spaces.This approach to the composition of the frame recalls Albrecht Durer's 1504 engraving of Adam and Eve being expelled from Eden (Figure 2), which expresses a discontinuity in space and narrative when he places a tree between them. …

In this paper, we demonstrate that the bubbles of bubble wrap make ideal trapping chambers for integration with low-cost optical manipulation. The interior of the bubbles is sterile and gas permeable, allowing for the bubbles to be used to store and culture cells, while the flat side of the bubble wrap is of sufficient optical quality to allow for optical trapping inside the bubbles. Through the use of a 100 W bulb to cure hanging droplets of PDMS, a low-cost optical trapping system was constructed. Effector T cells were cultured in bubble wrap for 8 days and then trapped with the PDMS droplet based optical manipulation. These techniques further demonstrate the opportunities for biophysical analysis afforded through repurposing common materials in resource-limited settings.

SUMMARYTouch is a principal sense in all animals. It is potentially important in species of freshwater crayfish that encounter murky waters or are nocturnal. Little is known about how tactile (touch) stimuli affect exploratory behaviour under these conditions. We placed animals in different tactile situations at the start of an exploration in a dark arena and tracked the position of the body and antennae to test whether subsequent search behaviour was affected. Individuals were exposed to differently textured walls, channelled out along a wall, or released in contact with no, one, or two walls. A corner arrangement of surfaces, where individuals started near two walls at right angles,produced behaviour that differed from that of other configurations; animals chose one wall and then maintained a close distance from the wall along which they were moving. The distance from a wall adopted by a crayfish walking parallel to it was affected by the texture of the wall. These results on the influence of tactile stimuli on crayfish exploratory behaviour may have implications for other taxa.

This paper demonstrates that the gas-filled compartments in the packing material commonly called “bubble wrap” can be repurposed in resource-limited regions as containers to store liquid samples, and to perform bioanalyses. The bubbles of bubble wrap are easily filled by injecting the samples into them using a syringe with a needle or a pipet tip, and then sealing the hole with nail hardener. The bubbles are transparent in the visible range of the spectrum, and can be used as “cuvettes” for absorbance and fluorescence measurements. The interiors of these bubbles are sterile and allow storage of samples without the need for expensive sterilization equipment. The bubbles are also permeable to gases, and can be used to culture and store micro-organisms. By incorporating carbon electrodes, these bubbles can be used as electrochemical cells. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of the bubbles by culturing E. coli, growing C. elegans, measuring glucose and hemoglobin spectrophotometrically, and measuring ferrocyanide electrochemically, all within the bubbles.

In her children’s action adventure novel Museum of Thieves , Lian Tanner overtly critiques adult risk-aversion and the over-protection of children. The protagonist is Goldie, an unruly child who escapes the oppressive regime of the City of Jewel where children up to the age of 12 are chained, for their own safety, to adult companions. Goldie escapes Jewel’s power structures and enters a mysterious museum housing the city’s unwanted wildness and danger. In its opening chapter Museum of Thieves establishes a subversive schema that problematises concepts of safety and order and glorifies chaos and risk, but this paper argues that as the novel progresses the author finds the schema increasingly difficult to control. It is tempting to read the museum as a “time out” zone such as CS Lewis’s Narnia, L Frank Baum’s Oz, and Maurice Sendak’s “place where the wild things are”: a space in which child characters can gain self-knowledge and skills before returning to an adult-dominated order. However, because of the degree to which Jewel and its structures are pathologised, Tanner finds she cannot bring Goldie back from “time out”. But rather than being a transgressive text, Museum of Thieves ends in a much less subversive place than it sets out to reach; the museum is revealed as a tightly controlled space and Goldie is well-protected, both within the diegesis by the museum’s special features, and beyond the diegesis by the author and the author’s cognisance of contemporary publishing industry expectations about the depiction of risk in children’s fiction. Keywords: bubble-wrap; order; chaos; unruly; safety; risk; “time out”; Australian children’s fiction

With the aid of bubble wrap, researchers have created a low-cost system capable of boiling water using just ambient sunlight.

Using a microfluidic device, tiny polymeric capsules have been made in which different compounds can be isolated in separate, membrane-bound compartments — a prerequisite for the development of artificial cell aggregates.

Dear mummy I am really glad that you are my mummy because you sound, feel, and smell really nice. I am looking forward to be held in your arms properly and when I get a bit older I'll be able to focus on you and see how beautiful you are. That's what Dad says anyway and I believe him. Thank you for looking after me when I was on the inside—I felt really good in there—but I just couldn't wait to come out and see you. I know you have both been really worried about me in the last few days but I think I am feeling a little better now—hang in there Mum cos I'm hanging in there for you. I love you lots Mummy. Emma Dear Mummy and Daddy Well that's the first day out of the way. I now have a long line in. What it means is I can have more food to make me fatter as I am a wee baby. I have got this bright light in my incubator because I am a wee bit jaundiced but under this light and under my bubble wrap hiding in my incubator I feel like the crown jewels. I was really chuffed you came up to …