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1. Relationship of Estimated GFR and Albuminuria to Concurrent Laboratory Abnormalities: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis in a Global Consortium

Author: Inker, Lesley A, Grams, Morgan E, Levey, Andrew S, Coresh, Josef, Cirillo, Massimo, Collins, John F, Gansevoort, Ron T, Gutierrez, Orlando M, Hamano, Takayuki, Heine, Gunnar H, Ishikawa, Shizukiyo, Jee, Sun Ha, Kronenberg, Florian, Landray, Martin J, Miura, Katsuyuki, Nadkarni, Girish N, Peralta, Carmen A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Schaeffner, Elke, Sedaghat, Sanaz, Shlipak, Michael G, Zhang, Luxia, van Zuilen, Arjan D, Hallan, Stein I, Kovesdy, Csaba P, Woodward, Mark, Levin, Adeera, Astor, Brad, Appel, Larry, Greene, Tom, Chen, Teresa, Chalmers, John, Arima, Hisatomi, Perkovic, Vlado, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Tamakoshi, Koji, Li, Yuanying, Hirakawa, Yoshihisa, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Grams, Morgan, Sang, Yingying, Polkinghorne, Kevan, Chadban, Steven, Atkins, Robert, Djurdjev, Ognjenka, Liu, Lisheng, Zhao, Minghui, Wang, Fang, Wang, Jinwei, Ebert, Natalie, Martus, Peter, Tang, Mila, Heine, Gunnar, Emrich, Insa, Seiler, Sarah, Zawada, Adam, Nally, Joseph, Navaneethan, Sankar, Schold, Jesse, Shlipak, Michael, Sarnak, Mark, Katz, Ronit, Hiramoto, Jade, Iso, Hiroyasu, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Umesawa, Mitsumasa, Muraki, Isao, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hasegawa, Takeshi, Fujii, Naohiko, Wheeler, David, Emberson, John, Townend, John, Landray, Martin, Brenner, Hermann, Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Fox, Caroline, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Köttgen, Anna, Schneider, Markus P, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Green, Jamie, Kirchner, H Lester, and Chang, Alex R
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Women's Health, Clinical Research, Kidney Disease, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Albuminuria, Blood Chemical Analysis, Creatinine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Progression, Female, Global Health, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Renal, Internationality, Kidney Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Urinalysis, CKD Prognosis Consortium, CKD stage, Chronic kidney disease, albuminuria, anemia, diabetes, glomerular filtration rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, hyperparathyroidism, hypertension, individual-level meta-analysis, kidney function, laboratory abnormality, laboratory tests, meta-analysis, serum bicarbonate, serum calcium, serum intact parathyroid hormone, serum phosphorus, serum potassium, staging system, Public Health and Health Services, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: Rationale & objectiveChronic kidney disease (CKD) is complicated by abnormalities that reflect disruption in filtration, tubular, and endocrine functions of the kidney. Our aim was to explore the relationship of specific laboratory result abnormalities and hypertension with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria CKD staging framework.Study designCross-sectional individual participant-level analyses in a global consortium.Setting & study populations17 CKD and 38 general population and high-risk cohorts.Selection criteria for studiesCohorts in the CKD Prognosis Consortium with data for eGFR and albuminuria, as well as a measurement of hemoglobin, bicarbonate, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, potassium, or calcium, or hypertension.Data extractionData were obtained and analyzed between July 2015 and January 2018.Analytical approachWe modeled the association of eGFR and albuminuria with hemoglobin, bicarbonate, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, potassium, and calcium values using linear regression and with hypertension and categorical definitions of each abnormality using logistic regression. Results were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsThe CKD cohorts (n=254,666 participants) were 27% women and 10% black, with a mean age of 69 (SD, 12) years. The general population/high-risk cohorts (n=1,758,334) were 50% women and 2% black, with a mean age of 50 (16) years. There was a strong graded association between lower eGFR and all laboratory result abnormalities (ORs ranging from 3.27 [95% CI, 2.68-3.97] to 8.91 [95% CI, 7.22-10.99] comparing eGFRs of 15 to 29 with eGFRs of 45 to 59mL/min/1.73m2), whereas albuminuria had equivocal or weak associations with abnormalities (ORs ranging from 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60-0.99] to 1.92 [95% CI, 1.65-2.24] comparing urinary albumin-creatinine ratio > 300 vs < 30mg/g).LimitationsVariations in study era, health care delivery system, typical diet, and laboratory assays.ConclusionsLower eGFR was strongly associated with higher odds of multiple laboratory result abnormalities. Knowledge of risk associations might help guide management in the heterogeneous group of patients with CKD.
Published: 2019

2. Alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk: A pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and the SYNERGY study

Author: Brenner, Darren R, Fehringer, Gord, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, Meyers, Travis, Matsuo, Keitaro, Ito, Hidemi, Vineis, Paolo, Stucker, Isabelle, Boffetta, Paolo, Brennan, Paul, Christiani, David C, Diao, Nancy, Hong, Yun-Chul, Landi, Maria T, Morgenstern, Hal, Schwartz, Ann G, Rennert, Gad, Saliba, Walid, McLaughlin, John R, Harris, Curtis C, Orlow, Irene, Dios, Juan M Barros, Raviña, Alberto Ruano, Siemiatycki, Jack, Koushik, Anita, Cote, Michele, Lazarus, Philip, Fernandez-Tardon, Guillermo, Tardon, Adonina, Le Marchand, Loïc, Brenner, Hermann, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Duell, Eric J, Andrew, Angeline S, Consonni, Dario, Olsson, Ann, Hung, Rayjean J, and Straif, Kurt
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Public Health, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Lung Cancer, Lung, Prevention, Substance Misuse, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Stroke, Good Health and Well Being, Adenocarcinoma, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Beverages, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Alcohol, Lung cancer, Pooled analysis, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: BackgroundThere is inadequate evidence to determine whether there is an effect of alcohol consumption on lung cancer risk. We conducted a pooled analysis of data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and the SYNERGY study to investigate this possible association by type of beverage with adjustment for other potential confounders.MethodsTwenty one case-control studies and one cohort study with alcohol-intake data obtained from questionnaires were included in this pooled analysis (19,149 cases and 362,340 controls). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for each measure of alcohol consumption. Effect estimates were combined using random or fixed-effects models where appropriate. Associations were examined for overall lung cancer and by histological type.ResultsWe observed an inverse association between overall risk of lung cancer and consumption of alcoholic beverages compared to non-drinkers, but the association was not monotonic. The lowest risk was observed for persons who consumed 10-19.9 g/day ethanol (OR vs. non-drinkers = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91), where 1 drink is approximately 12-15 g. This J-shaped association was most prominent for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The association with all lung cancer varied little by type of alcoholic beverage, but there were notable differences for SCC. We observed an association with beer intake (OR for ≥20 g/day vs nondrinker = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.90).ConclusionsWhether the non-monotonic associations we observed or the positive association between beer drinking and squamous cell carcinoma reflect real effects await future analyses and insights about possible biological mechanisms.
Published: 2019

3. Adiposity and risk of decline in glomerular filtration rate: meta-analysis of individual participant data in a global consortium

Author: Chang, Alex R, Grams, Morgan E, Ballew, Shoshana H, Bilo, Henk, Correa, Adolfo, Evans, Marie, Gutierrez, Orlando M, Hosseinpanah, Farhad, Iseki, Kunitoshi, Kenealy, Timothy, Klein, Barbara, Kronenberg, Florian, Lee, Brian J, Li, Yuanying, Miura, Katsuyuki, Navaneethan, Sankar D, Roderick, Paul J, Valdivielso, Jose M, Visseren, Frank LJ, Zhang, Luxia, Gansevoort, Ron T, Hallan, Stein I, Levey, Andrew S, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Shalev, Varda, Woodward, Mark, Astor, Brad, Appel, Larry, Greene, Tom, Chen, Teresa, Chalmers, John, Arima, Hisatomi, Perkovic, Vlado, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Tamakoshi, Koji, Hirakawa, Yoshihisa, Coresh, Josef, Sang, Yingying, Polkinghorne, Kevan, Chadban, Steven, Atkins, Robert, Levin, Adeera, Djurdjev, Ognjenka, Klein, Ron, Lee, Kristine, Liu, Lisheng, Zhao, Minghui, Wang, Fang, Wang, Jinwei, Tang, Mila, Heine, Gunnar, Emrich, Insa, Zawada, Adam, Bauer, Lucie, Nally, Joseph, Schold, Jesse, Shlipak, Michael, Sarnak, Mark, Katz, Ronit, Hiramoto, Jade, Iso, Hiroyasu, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Umesawa, Mitsumasa, Muraki, Isao, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hamano, Takayuki, Hasegawa, Takeshi, Fujii, Naohiko, Jafar, Tazeen, Hatcher, Juanita, Poulter, Neil, Chaturvedi, Nish, Wheeler, David, Emberson, John, Townend, John, Landray, Martin, Brenner, Hermann, Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Fox, Caroline, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Köttgen, Anna, Schneider, Markus P, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Green, Jamie, Kirchner, H Lester, Ito, Sadayoshi, Miyazaki, Mariko, Nakayama, Masaaki, Yamada, Cirillo, Massimo, Romundstad, Solfrid, Øvrehus, Marius, Langlo, Knut Asbjørn, Irie, Fujiko, Sairenchi, Toshimi, Rebholz, Casey M, and Young, Bessie
Subjects: Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Obesity, Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular, Aging, Prevention, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adiposity, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Risk Factors, Waist Circumference, CKD Prognosis Consortium, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences, Psychology
Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between adiposity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio) with decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and with all cause mortality.DesignIndividual participant data meta-analysis.SettingCohorts from 40 countries with data collected between 1970 and 2017.ParticipantsAdults in 39 general population cohorts (n=5 459 014), of which 21 (n=594 496) had data on waist circumference; six cohorts with high cardiovascular risk (n=84 417); and 18 cohorts with chronic kidney disease (n=91 607).Main outcome measuresGFR decline (estimated GFR decline ≥40%, initiation of kidney replacement therapy or estimated GFR
Published: 2019

4. Polygenic hazard score to guide screening for aggressive prostate cancer: development and validation in large scale cohorts.

Author: Seibert, Tyler M, Fan, Chun Chieh, Wang, Yunpeng, Zuber, Verena, Karunamuni, Roshan, Parsons, J Kellogg, Eeles, Rosalind A, Easton, Douglas F, Kote-Jarai, ZSofia, Al Olama, Ali Amin, Garcia, Sara Benlloch, Muir, Kenneth, Grönberg, Henrik, Wiklund, Fredrik, Aly, Markus, Schleutker, Johanna, Sipeky, Csilla, Tammela, Teuvo Lj, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nielsen, Sune F, Weischer, Maren, Bisbjerg, Rasmus, Røder, M Andreas, Iversen, Peter, Key, Tim J, Travis, Ruth C, Neal, David E, Donovan, Jenny L, Hamdy, Freddie C, Pharoah, Paul, Pashayan, Nora, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Maier, Christiane, Vogel, Walther, Luedeke, Manuel, Herkommer, Kathleen, Kibel, Adam S, Cybulski, Cezary, Wokolorczyk, Dominika, Kluzniak, Wojciech, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, Brenner, Hermann, Cuk, Katarina, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Park, Jong Y, Sellers, Thomas A, Slavov, Chavdar, Kaneva, Radka, Mitev, Vanio, Batra, Jyotsna, Clements, Judith A, Spurdle, Amanda, Teixeira, Manuel R, Paulo, Paula, Maia, Sofia, Pandha, Hardev, Michael, Agnieszka, Kierzek, Andrzej, Karow, David S, Mills, Ian G, Andreassen, Ole A, Dale, Anders M, and PRACTICAL Consortium*
Subjects: PRACTICAL Consortium*, Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Kallikreins, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Disease-Free Survival, Risk Assessment, Survival Analysis, Cohort Studies, Predictive Value of Tests, Age of Onset, Genotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Aged, Middle Aged, European Continental Ancestry Group, Male, Early Detection of Cancer, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Aging, Urologic Diseases, Cancer, Genetic Testing, Prevention, Prostate Cancer, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, General & Internal Medicine, Public Health and Health Services, Clinical Sciences
Abstract: ObjectivesTo develop and validate a genetic tool to predict age of onset of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) and to guide decisions of who to screen and at what age.DesignAnalysis of genotype, PCa status, and age to select single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diagnosis. These polymorphisms were incorporated into a survival analysis to estimate their effects on age at diagnosis of aggressive PCa (that is, not eligible for surveillance according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines; any of Gleason score ≥7, stage T3-T4, PSA (prostate specific antigen) concentration ≥10 ng/L, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis). The resulting polygenic hazard score is an assessment of individual genetic risk. The final model was applied to an independent dataset containing genotype and PSA screening data. The hazard score was calculated for these men to test prediction of survival free from PCa.SettingMultiple institutions that were members of international PRACTICAL consortium.ParticipantsAll consortium participants of European ancestry with known age, PCa status, and quality assured custom (iCOGS) array genotype data. The development dataset comprised 31 747 men; the validation dataset comprised 6411 men.Main outcome measuresPrediction with hazard score of age of onset of aggressive cancer in validation set.ResultsIn the independent validation set, the hazard score calculated from 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms was a highly significant predictor of age at diagnosis of aggressive cancer (z=11.2, P98th centile) were compared with those with average scores (30th-70th centile), the hazard ratio for aggressive cancer was 2.9 (95% confidence interval 2.4 to 3.4). Inclusion of family history in a combined model did not improve prediction of onset of aggressive PCa (P=0.59), and polygenic hazard score performance remained high when family history was accounted for. Additionally, the positive predictive value of PSA screening for aggressive PCa was increased with increasing polygenic hazard score.ConclusionsPolygenic hazard scores can be used for personalised genetic risk estimates that can predict for age at onset of aggressive PCa.
Published: 2018

5. Measures of chronic kidney disease and risk of incident peripheral artery disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data

Author: Matsushita, Kunihiro, Ballew, Shoshana H, Coresh, Josef, Arima, Hisatomi, Ärnlöv, Johan, Cirillo, Massimo, Ebert, Natalie, Hiramoto, Jade S, Kimm, Heejin, Shlipak, Michael G, Visseren, Frank LJ, Gansevoort, Ron T, Kovesdy, Csaba P, Shalev, Varda, Woodward, Mark, Kronenberg, Florian, Chalmers, John, Perkovic, Vlado, Grams, Morgan E, Sang, Yingying, Schaeffner, Elke, Martus, Peter, Levin, Adeera, Djurdjev, Ognjenka, Tang, Mila, Heine, Gunnar, Seiler, Sarah, Zawada, Adam, Emrich, Insa, Sarnak, Mark, Katz, Ronit, Brenner, Hermann, Schöttker, Ben, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Köttgen, Anna, Schneider, Markus, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Green, Jamie, Kirchner, H Lester, Chang, Alex R, Black, Corri, Marks, Angharad, Prescott, Gordon, Clark, Laura, Fluck, Nick, Jee, Sun Ha, Mok, Yejin, Chodick, Gabriel, Wetzels, Jack FM, Blankestijn, Peter J, van Zuilen, Arjan D, Bots, M, Peralta, Carmen, Hiromoto, Jade, Bottinger, Erwin, Nadkarni, Girish N, Ellis, Stephen B, Nadukuru, Rajiv, Kenealy, Timothy, Elley, C Raina, Collins, John F, Drury, Paul L, Bakker, Stephan JL, Heerspink, Hiddo J Lambers, Jassal, Simerjot K, Bergstrom, Jaclyn, Ix, Joachim H, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Carrero, Juan J, Gasparini, Alessandro, Qureshi, Abdul Rashid, Barany, Peter, Algra, Ale, van der Graaf, Yolanda, Evans, Marie, Segelmark, Mårten, Stendahl, Maria, Schön, Staffan, Tangri, Navdeep, Sud, Maneesh, Naimark, David, Lannfelt, Lars, Larsson, Anders, Hallan, Stein, Levey, Andrew S, Chen, Jingsha, and Kwak, Lucia
Subjects: Clinical Research, Kidney Disease, Prevention, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Albuminuria, Creatinine, Databases, Factual, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk Factors, Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract: BackgroundSome evidence suggests that chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for lower-extremity peripheral artery disease. We aimed to quantify the independent and joint associations of two measures of chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and albuminuria) with the incidence of peripheral artery disease.MethodsIn this collaborative meta-analysis of international cohorts included in the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (baseline measurements obtained between 1972 and 2014) with baseline measurements of eGFR and albuminuria, at least 1000 participants (this criterion not applied to cohorts exclusively enrolling patients with chronic kidney disease), and at least 50 peripheral artery disease events, we analysed adult participants without peripheral artery disease at baseline at the individual patient level with Cox proportional hazards models to quantify associations of creatinine-based eGFR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and dipstick proteinuria with the incidence of peripheral artery disease (including hospitalisation with a diagnosis of peripheral artery disease, intermittent claudication, leg revascularisation, and leg amputation). We assessed discrimination improvement through c-statistics.FindingsWe analysed 817 084 individuals without a history of peripheral artery disease at baseline from 21 cohorts. 18 261 cases of peripheral artery disease were recorded during follow-up across cohorts (median follow-up was 7·4 years [IQR 5·7-8·9], range 2·0-15·8 years across cohorts). Both chronic kidney disease measures were independently associated with the incidence of peripheral artery disease. Compared with an eGFR of 95 mL/min per 1·73 m2, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident study-specific peripheral artery disease was 1·22 (95% CI 1·14-1·30) at an eGFR of 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 and 2·06 (1·70-2·48) at an eGFR of 15 mL/min per 1·73 m2. Compared with an ACR of 5 mg/g, the adjusted HR for incident study-specific peripheral artery disease was 1·50 (1·41-1·59) at an ACR of 30 mg/g and 2·28 (2·12-2·44) at an ACR of 300 mg/g. The adjusted HR at an ACR of 300 mg/g versus 5 mg/g was 3·68 (95% CI 3·00-4·52) for leg amputation. eGFR and albuminuria contributed multiplicatively (eg, adjusted HR 5·76 [4·90-6·77] for incident peripheral artery disease and 10·61 [5·70-19·77] for amputation in eGFR
Published: 2017

6. Alcohol and lung cancer risk among never smokers: A pooled analysis from the international lung cancer consortium and the SYNERGY study

Author: Fehringer, Gordon, Brenner, Darren R, Zhang, Zuo‐Feng, Lee, Yuan‐Chin Amy, Matsuo, Keitaro, Ito, Hidemi, Lan, Qing, Vineis, Paolo, Johansson, Mattias, Overvad, Kim, Riboli, Elio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Stucker, Isabelle, Boffetta, Paolo, Brennan, Paul, Christiani, David C, Hong, Yun‐Chul, Landi, Maria Teresa, Morgenstern, Hal, Schwartz, Ann G, Wenzlaff, Angela S, Rennert, Gad, McLaughlin, John R, Harris, Curtis C, Olivo‐Marston, Susan, Orlow, Irene, Park, Bernard J, Zauderer, Marjorie, Dios, Juan M Barros, Raviña, Alberto Ruano, Siemiatycki, Jack, Koushik, Anita, Lazarus, Philip, Fernández‐Somoano, Ana, Tardon, Adonina, Le Marchand, Loic, Brenner, Hermann, Saum, Kai‐Uwe, Duell, Eric J, Andrew, Angeline S, Szeszenia‐Dabrowska, Neonila, Lissowska, Jolanta, Zaridze, David, Rudnai, Peter, Fabianova, Eleonora, Mates, Dana, Foretova, Lenka, Janout, Vladimir, Bencko, Vladimir, Holcatova, Ivana, Pesatori, Angela Cecilia, Consonni, Dario, Olsson, Ann, Straif, Kurt, and Hung, Rayjean J
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Lung, Cancer, Substance Misuse, Tobacco, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Prevention, Lung Cancer, Cardiovascular, Stroke, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Beverages, Asia, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Europe, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, North America, Risk Factors, Smoking, alcohol, lung cancer, wine, beer, liquor, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: It is not clear whether alcohol consumption is associated with lung cancer risk. The relationship is likely confounded by smoking, complicating the interpretation of previous studies. We examined the association of alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in a large pooled international sample, minimizing potential confounding of tobacco consumption by restricting analyses to never smokers. Our study included 22 case-control and cohort studies with a total of 2548 never-smoking lung cancer patients and 9362 never-smoking controls from North America, Europe and Asia within the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) and SYNERGY Consortium. Alcohol consumption was categorized into amounts consumed (grams per day) and also modelled as a continuous variable using restricted cubic splines for potential non-linearity. Analyses by histologic sub-type were included. Associations by type of alcohol consumed (wine, beer and liquor) were also investigated. Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with lung cancer risk with evidence most strongly supporting lower risk for light and moderate drinkers relative to non-drinkers (>0-4.9 g per day: OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.70-0.90; 5-9.9 g per day: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69-0.99; 10-19.9 g per day: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-0.96). Inverse associations were found for consumption of wine and liquor, but not beer. The results indicate that alcohol consumption is inversely associated with lung cancer risk, particularly among subjects with low to moderate consumption levels, and among wine and liquor drinkers, but not beer drinkers. Although our results should have no relevant bias from the confounding effect of smoking we cannot preclude that confounding by other factors contributed to the observed associations. Confounding in relation to the non-drinker reference category may be of particular importance.
Published: 2017

7. Vitamin D Supplementation Trials Aimed at Reducing Mortality Have Much Higher Power When Focusing on People with Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations

Author: Brenner, Hermann, Jansen, Lina, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Holleczek, Bernd, and Schöttker, Ben
Published: 2017
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8. Burden of hip fracture using disability-adjusted life-years: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts in the CHANCES consortium

Author: Papadimitriou, Nikos, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K, Orfanos, Philippos, Benetou, Vassiliki, Ntzani, Evangelia E, Soerjomataram, Isabelle, Künn-Nelen, Annemarie, Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika, Eriksson, Sture, Brenner, Hermann, Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Holleczek, Bernd, Grodstein, Francine D, Feskanich, Diane, Orsini, Nicola, Wolk, Alicja, Bellavia, Andrea, Wilsgaard, Tom, Jørgensen, Lone, Boffetta, Paolo, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, and Trichopoulou, Antonia
Published: 2017
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9. Epidemiology and health care utilization of patients suffering from Huntington’s disease in Germany: real world evidence based on German claims data

Author: Ohlmeier, Christoph, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Galetzka, Wolfgang, Beier, Dominik, and Gothe, Holger
Published: 2019
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10. Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Author: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), [missing], Mishra, Anu, Zhou, Bin, Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Bixby, Honor, Singleton, Rosie K., Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Sheffer, Kate E., Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Lhoste, Victor, Iurilli, Maria L. C., Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bentham, James, Phelps, Nowell H., Sophiea, Marisa K., Stevens, Gretchen A., Danaei, Goodarz, Cowan, Melanie J., Savin, Stefan, Riley, Leanne M., Gregg, Edward W., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Baker, Jennifer L., Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fink, Günther, Heinen, Mirjam, Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Khang, Young-Ho, Laatikainen, Tiina, Laxmaiah, Avula, Ma, Jun, Monroy-Valle, Michele, Mridha, Malay K., Padez, Cristina P., Reynolds, Andrew, Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Wirth, James P., Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Abdul Rahim, Hanan F., Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adam, Ishag, Adamczyk, Marzena, Adams, Robert J., Adu-Afarwuah, Seth, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agbor, Valirie N., Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguenaou, Hassan, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadi, Nastaran, Ahmed, Imran, Ahmed, Soheir H., Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Al-Lahou, Badreya, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Al Hourani, Huda M., Al Qaoud, Nawal M., Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Aldwairji, Maryam A., Alexius, Sylvia, Ali, Mohamed M., Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala’a, Alkhatib, Buthaina M., Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Etxezarreta, Pilar Amiano, Amoah, John, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Androutsos, Odysseas, Ängquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anufrieva, Elena, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aseffa, Nega, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assembekov, Batyrbek, Assunção, Maria Cecília F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdičová, Mária, Avi, Shina, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Jørgensen, Maja Bæksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Bakacs, Marta, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Balanova, Yulia, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Banegas, José R., Baran, Joanna, Baran, Rafał, Barbagallo, Carlo M., Filho, Valter Barbosa, Barceló, Alberto, Baretić, Maja, Barkat, Amina, Barnoya, Joaquin, Barrera, Lena, Barreto, Marta, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes, Bartosiewicz, Anna, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Aline P., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Baur, Louise A., Bayauli, Pascal M., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Rolandi, Gilda Estela Benitez, Bere, Elling, Bergh, Ingunn Holden, Berhane, Yemane, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Carrasola, Ximena Berrios, Bettiol, Heloísa, Beutel, Manfred E., Beybey, Augustin F., Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Biasch, Katia, Lele, Elysée Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M., Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Anne A., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Björkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V., Blokstra, Anneke, Magnazu, Moran Blychfeld, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boer, Jolanda M. A., Boggia, Jose G., Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bojesen, Stig E., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Boymatova, Khadichamo, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, João, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Briceño, Yajaira, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Brito, Miguel, Brophy, Sinead, Brug, Johannes, Bruno, Graziella, Bugge, Anna, Buntinx, Frank, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Caixeta, Roberta B., Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, José, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C., Cañete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V., Čapková, Naděžda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Rocco, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardol, Marloes, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Joana, Casajús, José A., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Maribel, Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cervantes‐Loaiza, Marvin, Cesar, Juraci A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nish, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chee, Miao Li, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Yiling J., Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chinapaw, Mai J. M., Chinnock, Anne, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Cirillo, Massimo, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Compañ-Gabucio, Laura-María, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C., Corpeleijn, Eva, Cortés, Lilia Yadira, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crampin, Amelia C., Cross, Amanda J., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., Csányi, Tamás, Csilla, Semánová, Cucu, Alexandra M., Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V., Cuschieri, Sarah, Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ewelina, D’Arrigo, Graziella, d’Orsi, Eleonora, Dacica, Liliana, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, de Assis, Maria Alice Altenburg, De Backer, Gui, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Fragas Hinnig, Patrícia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R., De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., DeGennaro, Vincent, Delisle, Hélène, Delpeuch, Francis, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Dereń, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Díaz-Sánchez, María Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Fernández, Pedro Díaz, Ripollés, María Pilar Díez, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Dominguez, Liria, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Dong, Guanghui, Dong, Yanhui, Donoso, Silvana P., Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Dragano, Nico, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A., Duboz, Priscilla, Duleva, Vesselka L., Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C., Dushpanova, Anar, Dyussupova, Azhar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Echeverría, Guadalupe, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ammari, Laila, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Endevelt, Ronit, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Ergor, Gul, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhradiyev, Ildar, Fakhretdinova, Albina A., Fall, Caroline H., Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Sant’Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Fawzi, Wafaie W., Feigl, Edit, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Gerson, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M., Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferreira, Haroldo S., Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiró, Thamara Hubler, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fisberg, Mauro, Fischer, Krista, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., do Carmo Franco, Maria, Fras, Zlatko, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujiati, Isti I., Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furdela, Viktoriya, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Cuesta, Manuel Galán, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, Henrike, Galeone, Daniela, Galfo, Myriam, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Gao, Pei, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Mérida, María José García, Solano, Marta García, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo, Gaya, Anelise Reis, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M., George, Ronnie, Ghaderi, Ebrahim, Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gieger, Christian, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Gkiouras, Konstantinos, Glushkova, Natalya, Gluškova, Natalja, Godara, Ramesh, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldberg, Marcel, Goltzman, David, Gómez, Georgina, Gómez, Jesús Humberto Gómez, Gomez, Luis F., Gómez, Santiago F., Gomula, Aleksandra, da Silva, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro, Gonçalves, Helen, Gonçalves, Mauer, González-Alvarez, Ana D., Gonzalez-Chica, David A., González-Gil, Esther M., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Leon, Margot, González-Rivas, Juan P., González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, María-Elena, Gonzalez, Angel R., Gottrand, Frederic, Graça, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Gregório, Maria João, Grøholt, Else Karin, Grøntved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guajardo, Viviana, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Guallar-Castillón, Pilar, Gualtieri, Andrea, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc J., Guo, Xiu-Hua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, González, Enrique Gutiérrez, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Gwee, Xinyi, Ha, Seongjun, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A., Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Halkjær, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R., Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hanekom, Willem A., Hange, Dominique, Hanif, Abu A. M., Hantunen, Sari, Hao, Jie, Hardman, Carla Menêses, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Lassen, Tina Harmer, Harooni, Javad, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuan, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felső, Regina, Heier, Margit, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, dos Santos Henrique, Rafael, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella, Herrera, Victor M., Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G., Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Höfelmann, Doroteia A., Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Homs, Clara, Hopman, Wilma M., Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Huiart, Laetitia, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huu, Chinh Nguyen, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Iakupova, Ellina M., Ibarluzea, Jesús M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikram, M. Arfan, Iñiguez, Carmen, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E., Ishida, Takafumi, Isiguzo, Godsent C., Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islek, Duygu, Ivanova-Pandourska, Ivaila Y., Iwasaki, Masanori, Jääskeläinen, Tuija, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jadoul, Michel, Jafar, Tazeen, Jallow, Bakary, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M., Jamrozik, Konrad, Jansson, Anna, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarani, Juel, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O., Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Josipović, Josipa, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jóźwiak, Jacek J., Judge, Debra S., Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Simina, Iulia Jurca, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kaducu, Felix O., Kafatos, Anthony, Kaj, Mónika, Kajantie, Eero O., Kakutia, Natia, Kállayová, Daniela, Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kameli, Yves, Kampmann, Freja B., Kanala, Kodanda R., Kannan, Srinivasan, Kapantais, Efthymios, Karaglani, Eva, Karakosta, Argyro, Kårhus, Line L., Karki, Khem B., Katchunga, Philippe B., Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Kaze, François F., Ke, Calvin, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han C. G., Keramati, Maryam, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaledifar, Arsalan, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse M. S. L., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Sophia J., Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Kim, Jeongseon, Kindblom, Jenny M., Kingston, Andrew, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, König, Jürgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovács, Éva, Kovacs, Viktoria Anna, Kovalskys, Irina, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratenova, Jana, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriaucioniene, Vilma, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krizan, Helena, Kroker-Lobos, Maria F., Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kruger, Ruan, Kryst, Łukasz, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M., Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kunešová, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kutsenko, Vladimir, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, La, Quang Ngoc, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Lachat, Carl, Lackner, Karl J., Laid, Youcef, Lall, Lachmie, Lam, Tai Hing, Jimenez, Maritza Landaeta, Landais, Edwige, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Larissa, Simo Pone, Latt, Tint Swe, Laurenzi, Martino, Lauria, Laura, Lazo-Porras, Maria, Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle, Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le Port, Agnès, Le, Tuyen D., Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lee, Paul H., Lehmann, Nils, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Leskošek, Branimir, Leszczak, Justyna, Leth-Møller, Katja B., Leung, Gabriel M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Liivak, Merike, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Charlie, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lin, Yi-Ting, Lind, Lars, Lingam, Vijaya, Linkohr, Birgit, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Liu, Lijuan, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Long, Khuong Quynh, Abril, Guadalupe Longo, Lopes, Luis, Lopes, Marcus V. V., Lopes, Oscar, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, José Eugenio, Lukrafka, Janice L., Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lunogelo, Charles, Lustigová, Michala, Łuszczki, Edyta, M’Buyamba-Kabangu, Jean-René, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Xu, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M., Macia, Enguerran, Macieira, Luisa M., Madar, Ahmed A., Madsen, Anja L., Maestre, Gladys E., Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magnacca, Sara, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Mäki, Päivi, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia K., Maniego, Lynell V., Manios, Yannis, Manix, Masimango Imani, Mann, Jim I., Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manyanga, Taru, Manzato, Enzo, Marcil, Anie, Margozzini, Paula, Mariño, Joany, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Martin, Rosemarie, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Maruszczak, Katharina, Marventano, Stefano, Masala, Giovanna, Mascarenhas, Luis P., Masoodi, Shariq R., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matłosz, Piotr, Matsha, Tandi E., Matsudo, Victor, Mavrogianni, Christina, Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNairy, Margaret L., McNulty, Breige A., Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jørgen, Meisinger, Christa, Melgarejo, Jesus D., Melkumova, Marina, Mello, João, Méndez, Fabián, Mendivil, Carlos O., Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Mensink, Gert B. M., Menzano, Maria Teresa, Meshram, Indrapal I., Meto, Diane T., Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F., Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miłkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C., Milushkina, Olga, Minderico, Cláudia S., Mini, G. K., Miquel, Juan Francisco, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Duraković, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A., Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohamed, Shukri F., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Møllehave, Line T., Møller, Niels C., Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Montenegro Mendoza, Roger A., Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Mopa, Hermine T., Moradpour, Farhad, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morey, Francis, Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N., Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Moslem, Alireza, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André, Movsesyan, Yeva, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muc, Magdalena, Muca, Florian, Mugoša, Boban, Muiesan, Maria L., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Münzel, Thomas, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Milanović, Sanja Musić, Musil, Vera, Musinguzi, Geofrey, Muyer, Muel Telo M. C., Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Nalecz, Hanna, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Naseri, Take, Nauck, Matthias, Neal, William A., Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nekkantti, Chandini, Nelis, Keiu, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Ng, Tze Pin, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Ni, Michael Y., Nicolescu, Rodica, Nie, Peng, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E., Nikitin, Yury P., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishi, Nobuo, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Nogueira, Helena, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Nsour, Mohannad Al, Nuhoğlu, Irfan, Nunes, Baltazar, Nurk, Eha, Nuwaha, Fred, Nyirenda, Moffat, O’Neill, Terence W., O’Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M., Oda, Eiji, Odili, Augustine N., Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Claes, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Örn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Omar, Saeed M., Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P., Ortiz, Pedro J., Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Pagkalos, Ioannis, Pahomova, Elena, de Paiva, Karina Mary, Pająk, Andrzej, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Paoli, Mariela, Papadopoulou, Sousana K., Papandreou, Dimitrios, Pareja, Rossina G., Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M., Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D., Pattussi, Marcos, Pavlyshyn, Halyna, Pechlaner, Raimund, Pećin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Pedro, João M., Peer, Nasheeta, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peres, Marco A., Pérez, Cynthia M., Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Kovtun, Olga Petrovna, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Pfeiffer, Norbert, Phall, Modou Cheyassin, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N., Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N., Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Platonova, Alina G., Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Polka, Nadija S., Pop, Raluca M., Popovic, Stevo R., Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J., Price, Jacqueline F., Prista, Antonio, Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J., Pudule, Iveta, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qadir, Muhammed S., Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley K., Quiroga-Padilla, Pedro J., Bao, Tran Quoc, Rach, Stefan, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rajabov, Tamerlan, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramadan, Otim P. C., Ramires, Virgílio V., Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangelova, Lalka S., Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A., Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Regecová, Valéria, Renner, Jane D. P., Repasy, Judit A., Reuter, Cézane P., Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Rho, Yeunsook, Ribas-Barba, Lourdes, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rigotti, Attilio, Rinaldo, Natascia, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F., Rito, Ana I., Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Rivera, Juan A., Roa, Reina G., Robinson, Louise, Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rodríguez, Andrea Y., Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rohloff, Peter, Rohner, Fabian, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L., Rosario, Rafaela V., Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Rouzier, Vanessa, Roy, Joel G. R., Ruano, Maira H., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rühli, Frank J., Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A., Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Saamel, Marge, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sabbaghi, Hamideh, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saghi, Mohammad Hossien, Saidi, Olfa, Saki, Nader, Šalaj, Sanja, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Saleva, Calogero, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Rodríguez, Inés Sánchez, Sandjaja, [missing], Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santacruz, Ethel, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Santos, Lèlita C., Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Santos, Tamara R., Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D., Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schindler, Karin, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schneider, Andrea, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schröder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schulze, Matthias B., Schutte, Aletta E., Sebert, Sylvain, Sedaghattalab, Moslem, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sequera, Guillermo, Serra-Majem, Luis, Servais, Jennifer, Ševčíková, Ľudmila, Shalnova, Svetlana, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Seyed Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shimony, Tal, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Sidossis, Labros S., Silitrari, Natalia, Silva, Antonio M., de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Kelly S., Sim, Xueling, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, Skoblina, Natalia A., Skodje, Gry, Slazhnyova, Tatyana, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemysław, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugène, Sodemann, Morten, Söderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E., Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Soofi, Sajid, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Sørgjerd, Elin P., Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E., Soumaré, Aïcha, Sousa-Poza, Alfonso, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spencer, Phoebe R., Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A., Stamm, Hanspeter, Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanović, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, Suárez-Medina, Ramón, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sun, Liang, Sundström, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sweis, Nabil William G., Swinburn, Boyd A., Sy, Rody G., Sylva, René Charles, Szklo, Moyses, Szponar, Lucjan, Tabone, Lorraine, Tai, E. Shyong, Tambalis, Konstantinos D., Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanrygulyyeva, Maya, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Braunerová, Radka Taxová, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tchibindat, Félicité, Te Velde, Saskia, Tebar, William R., Tell, Grethe S., Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, K. R., Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thomas, Nihal, Thorand, Barbara, Thuesen, Betina H., Tichá, Ľubica, Timmermans, Erik J., Tjandrarini, Dwi H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topór-Mądry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J., Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Tremblay, Mark S., Triantafyllou, Areti, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tsao, Yu-Hsiang, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsintavis, Panagiotis, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuitele, John, Tuliakova, Azaliia M., Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzala, Evangelia, Tzotzas, Themistoklis, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora A. M., Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M., van den Born, Bert-Jan, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Van Lippevelde, Wendy, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio, Vargas, Luz Nayibe, Varona-Pérez, Patricia, Vasan, Senthil K., Vasques, Daniel G., Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Verloigne, Maïté, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Victora, Cesar G., Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Vik, Frøydis N., Vilar, Monica, Villalpando, Salvador, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wade, Alisha N., Waldhör, Thomas, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis O. A., Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weber, Adelheid, Webster-Kerr, Karen, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Westbury, Leo D., Whincup, Peter H., Wickramasinghe, Kremlin, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Więcek, Andrzej, Wild, Philipp S., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojciech, Rusek, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolf, Kathrin, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Andrew, Wong, Emily B., Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Hon-Yen, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Wyszyńska, Justyna, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yasuharu, Tabara, García, Martha Yépez, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yngve, Agneta, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yu, Yu-Ling, Yu, Yunjiang, Yusof, Safiah Md, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zayed, Ayman A., Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Żegleń, Magdalena, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhecheva, Yanitsa V., Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Zoghlami, Nada, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zuziak, Monika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Black, Robert E., and Ezzati, Majid
Subjects: Developing world, Public health, Multidisciplinary, Science General, Paediatric research, Nutrition
Abstract: Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was
Published: 2023

11. Genome-wide association meta-analyses and fine-mapping elucidate pathways influencing albuminuria

Author: Teumer, Alexander, Li, Yong, Ghasemi, Sahar, Prins, Bram P., Wuttke, Matthias, Hermle, Tobias, Giri, Ayush, Sieber, Karsten B., Qiu, Chengxiang, Kirsten, Holger, Tin, Adrienne, Chu, Audrey Y., Bansal, Nisha, Feitosa, Mary F., Wang, Lihua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Cocca, Massimiliano, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gorski, Mathias, Hoppmann, Anselm, Horn, Katrin, Li, Man, Marten, Jonathan, Noce, Damia, Nutile, Teresa, Sedaghat, Sanaz, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Tayo, Bamidele O., van der Most, Peter J., Xu, Yizhe, Yu, Zhi, Gerstner, Lea, Ärnlöv, Johan, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Baptista, Daniela, Biggs, Mary L., Boerwinkle, Eric, Brenner, Hermann, Burkhardt, Ralph, Carroll, Robert J., Chee, Miao-Li, Chee, Miao-Ling, Chen, Mengmeng, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cook, James P., Coresh, Josef, Corre, Tanguy, Danesh, John, de Borst, Martin H., De Grandi, Alessandro, de Mutsert, Renée, de Vries, Aiko P. J., Degenhardt, Frauke, Dittrich, Katalin, Divers, Jasmin, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Ehret, Georg, Endlich, Karlhans, Felix, Janine F., Franco, Oscar H., Franke, Andre, Freedman, Barry I., Freitag-Wolf, Sandra, Gansevoort, Ron T., Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gögele, Martin, Grundner-Culemann, Franziska, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hamet, Pavel, Harris, Tamara B., Hicks, Andrew A., Holm, Hilma, Foo, Valencia Hui Xian, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Jakobsdottir, Johanna, Josyula, Navya Shilpa, Jung, Bettina, Kähönen, Mika, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kiess, Wieland, Koenig, Wolfgang, Körner, Antje, Kovacs, Peter, Kramer, Holly, Krämer, Bernhard K., Kronenberg, Florian, Lange, Leslie A., Langefeld, Carl D., Lee, Jeannette Jen-Mai, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lieb, Wolfgang, Lim, Su-Chi, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Liu, Jianjun, Loeffler, Markus, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Maranville, Joseph C., Mascalzoni, Deborah, McMullen, Barbara, Meisinger, Christa, Meitinger, Thomas, Miliku, Kozeta, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Mychaleckyj, Josyf C., Nauck, Matthias, Nikus, Kjell, Ning, Boting, Noordam, Raymond, Connell, Jeffrey O’, Olafsson, Isleifur, Palmer, Nicholette D., Peters, Annette, Podgornaia, Anna I., Ponte, Belen, Poulain, Tanja, Pramstaller, Peter P., Rabelink, Ton J., Raffield, Laura M., Reilly, Dermot F., Rettig, Rainer, Rheinberger, Myriam, Rice, Kenneth M., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Runz, Heiko, Ryan, Kathleen A., Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Schöttker, Ben, Shaffer, Christian M., Shi, Yuan, Smith, Albert V., Strauch, Konstantin, Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Benjamin B., Szymczak, Silke, Tai, E-Shyong, Tan, Nicholas Y. Q., Taylor, Kent D., Teren, Andrej, Tham, Yih-Chung, Thiery, Joachim, Thio, Chris H. L., Thomsen, Hauke, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tönjes, Anke, Tremblay, Johanne, Uitterlinden, André G., van der Harst, Pim, Verweij, Niek, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Völker, Uwe, Waldenberger, Melanie, Wang, Chaolong, Wilson, Otis D., Wong, Charlene, Wong, Tien-Yin, Yang, Qiong, Yasuda, Masayuki, Akilesh, Shreeram, Bochud, Murielle, Böger, Carsten A., Devuyst, Olivier, Edwards, Todd L., Ho, Kevin, Morris, Andrew P., Parsa, Afshin, Pendergrass, Sarah A., Psaty, Bruce M., Rotter, Jerome I., Stefansson, Kari, Wilson, James G., Susztak, Katalin, Snieder, Harold, Heid, Iris M., Scholz, Markus, Butterworth, Adam S., Hung, Adriana M., Pattaro, Cristian, and Köttgen, Anna
Published: 2019
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12. Frailty and healthcare costs—longitudinal results of a prospective cohort study

Author: Hajek, André, Bock, Jens-Oliver, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Matschinger, Herbert, Brenner, Hermann, Holleczek, Bernd, Haefeli, Walter E, Heider, Dirk, and König, Hans-Helmut
Published: 2018
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13. A longitudinal investigation of willingness to pay for health insurance in Germany

Author: Bock, Jens-Oliver, Hajek, Andre, Brenner, Hermann, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Matschinger, Herbert, Haefeli, Walter Emil, Schottker, Ben, Quinzler, RenateHeider, Dirk, and Konig, Hans-Helmut
Subjects: STATA Corp., Health insurance industry -- Surveys, Medical care, Cost of -- Surveys, Computer software industry -- Surveys, Valuation -- Surveys, Business, Health care industry
Abstract: Objective. To investigate factors affecting willingness to pay (WTP) for health insurance of older adults in a longitudinal setting in Germany. Data Sources. Survey data from a cohort study in [...]
Published: 2017
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14. Genetic Variants in the Vitamin D Pathway, 25(OH)D Levels, and Mortality in a Large Population-Based Cohort Study

Author: Ordóñez-Mena, José Manuel, Maalmi, Haifa, Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Holleczek, Bernd, Wang, Thomas J., Burwinkel, Barbara, and Brenner, Hermann
Published: 2017

15. Self-reported smoking, serum cotinine, and blood DNA methylation

Author: Zhang, Yan, Florath, Ines, Saum, Kai-Uwe, and Brenner, Hermann
Published: 2016
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16. Associations of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers with total morbidity and multi-morbidity in a large cohort of older German adults

Author: Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Jansen, Eugène H. J. M., Holleczek, Bernd, and Brenner, Hermann
Published: 2016
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17. Methodology used in studies reporting chronic kidney disease prevalence: a systematic literature review

Author: Brück, Katharina, Jager, Kitty J., Dounousi, Evangelia, Kainz, Alexander, Nitsch, Dorothea, Ärnlöv, Johan, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Browne, Gemma, Capuano, Vincenzo, Ferraro, Pietro Manuel, Ferrieres, Jean, Gambaro, Giovanni, Guessous, Idris, Hallan, Stein, Kastarinen, Mika, Navis, Gerjan, Gonzalez, Alfonso Otero, Palmieri, Luigi, Romundstad, Solfrid, Spoto, Belinda, Stengel, Benedicte, Tomson, Charles, Tripepi, Giovanni, Völzke, Henry, Wie[COMBINING CEDILLA]cek, Andrzej, Gansevoort, Ron, Schöttker, Ben, Wanner, Christoph, Vinhas, Jose, Zoccali, Carmine, Van Biesen, Wim, Stel, Vianda S., Jousilahti, Pekka, Helmer, Catherine, Metzger, Marie, Ruidavets, Jean Bernard, Bongard, Vanina, Koenig, Wolfgang, Denkinger, Michael D., Brenner, Hermann, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Nauck, Matthias, Stracke, Sylvia, Perry, Ivan, Eustace, Joseph, Lupo, Antonio, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Palleschi, Simonetta, Lamaida, Norman, Capuano, Ernesto, Sinkeler, Steef, Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R., Bakker, Stephan J.L., Aasarød, Knut, Holmen, Jostein, Chudek, Jerzy, Malgorzata, Mossakowska, Gardete-Correia, Luis, Raposo, João F., de Francisco, A.L. Martin, Gayoso Diz, P., Nerpin, Elisabet, Lind, Lars, Bochud, Murielle, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Fletcher, Astrid, Roderick, Paul, Van Pottelbergh, Gijs, Van Der Tol, Arjan, Hadjadj, Samy, and Stojceva-Taneva, Olivera
Published: 2015
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18. Cognitive impairment, all-cause and cause-specific mortality among non-demented older adults

Author: Perna, Laura, Wahl, Hans-Werner, Mons, Ute, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Holleczek, Bernd, and Brenner, Hermann
Published: 2015
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19. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

Author: Iurilli, Maria L. C., Zhou, Bin, Bennett, James E., Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Sophiea, Marisa K., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Bixby, Honor, Solomon, Bethlehem D., Taddei, Cristina, Danaei, Goodarz, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J., Bovet, Pascal, Damasceno, Albertino, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Jackson, Rod T., Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Miranda, J. Jaime, Saidi, Olfa, Sebert, Sylvain, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Gregg, Edward W., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H., Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Al-Lahou, Badreya, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M., Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Avi, Shina, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha, Jorgensen, Maja Boksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio Jd, Gomes Barros, Mauro Virgilio, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Bergh, Ingunn Holden, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M., Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bojesen, Stig E., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. 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Univ Nove Julho, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Canarian Hlth Serv, Univ Ind Santander, Assoc Calabrese Epatol, Univ Minho, Fiji Natl Univ, Spanish Nutr Fdn, Publ Hlth Agcy Sweden, Inst Food Sci Natl Res Council, Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Kindergarten Avlonari, Natl Inst Hlth, Catalan Dept Hlth, Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Inst Saude Ambiental, South Karelia Social & Hlth Care Dist, McMaster Univ, Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Rigshosp, Acad Med Ctr Univ Amsterdam, Ctr Oral Hlth Serv & Res Midnorway, Lagos State Univ, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Comenius Univ, Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Nippon Med Sch, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Publ Hlth Promot & Dev Org, St Vincents Hosp, Nes Municipal, Hlth Polytech Jakarta II Inst, Diponegoro Univ, Univ Bari, Inst Reg Sante Publ, Univ Bordeaux, Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Univ Leuven, Lamprecht & Stamm Sozialforsch & Beratung AG, Univ Bonn, Kalina Malina Kindergarten, Jikei Univ, Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Natl Stat Off, Natl Inst Publ Hlth Natl Inst Hyg, Sci Res Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Univ Lincoln, Cent Univ Kerala, Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Hlth Serv Murcia, Inst Invest Sanitaria Illes Balears, Univ Bologna, Hellen Hlth Fdn, Govt Med Coll, Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Addis Ababa Univ, Univ Ctr Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Meharry Med Coll, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Univ Tampere, Sabiha Gokcen Ilkokulu, Polytech Inst Porto, Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Univ CEU San Pablo, Univ Miguel Hernandez, Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Sunflower Nursery Sch, North Karelia Ctr Publ Hlth, Univ Witwatersrand, Med Univ Vienna, Cork Inst Technol, Inst Med Res, Xinjiang Med Univ, Shanghai Educ Dev Co Ltd, Rebro Univ, St Georges Univ London, Univ Indonesia, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Fudan Univ, Univ Cyprus, Niigata Univ, Int Med Univ, Iran Univ Med Sci, Ctr Diabet & Endocrine Care, Peking Univ First Hosp, Jiangsu Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sun Yat Sen Univ, West Kazakhstan Med Univ, Inner Mongolia Med Univ, and Przedszkole 81
Subjects: Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, Science & Technology, AUSTRALIAN ADULTS, CHINESE ADULTS, nutritional and metabolic diseases, MALNUTRITION, TRENDS, DOUBLE BURDEN, PREVALENCE, POOLED ANALYSIS, US ADULTS, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, HEALTH, sense organs, skin and connective tissue diseases, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biology
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-09 Wellcome Trust From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. 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State Of Palest, Israel Usmanu Danfodiyo Univ Teaching Hosp, Sokoto, Nigeria Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia Mahidol Univ, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand BRAC James P Grant Sch Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark Food & Nutr Res Inst, Taguig, Philippines Urmia Univ Med Sci, Orumiyeh, Iran Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nut, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, Shahrekord, Iran Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany Republican Ctr Hlth Promot, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Natl Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Genet, Amman, Jordan Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Kuwait, Kuwait King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Dasman Diabet Inst, Kuwait, Kuwait Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg Aldara Hosp & Med Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia King Abdullah Int Med Res Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark Barcelona Inst Global Hlth CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain World Hlth Org Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt Bombay Hosp & Med Res Ctr, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Res Ctr Social Determinants Hlth, Tehran, Iran UMR CNRS MNHN 7206 Ecoanthropologie, Paris, France Univ Lille, Lille, France Lille Univ Hosp, Lille, France Western Norway Univ Appl Sci, Sogndal, Norway Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Zahedan, Iran Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Tunis, Tunisia Univ Porto, Inst Publ Hlth, Porto, Portugal Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA Abt Associates Inc, Kathmandu, Nepal Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Univ Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Med 1, Yangon, Myanmar Banska Bystrica Reg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Univ Porto, Med Sch, Porto, Portugal Neyshabur Univ Med Sci, Neyshabur, Iran Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark Univ Sci & Technol, Sanaa, Yemen Med Univ Lodz, Lodz, Poland Med Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland Univ Autonoma Madrid CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain Univ Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland Univ Palermo, Palermo, Italy Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA Mohammed V Univ Rabat, Rabat, Morocco Univ Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil Baqai Inst Diabetol & Endocrinol, Karachi, Pakistan Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, Jordan Univ Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Brazil Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Fed Minist Social Affairs Hlth Care & Consumer Pr, 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Potsdam, Germany Endocrinol Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia Ctr Educ Med & Invest Clin, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy Toulouse Univ, Sch Med, Toulouse, France Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Hosp KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Flemish Agcy Care & Hlth, Brussels, Belgium Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands Univ Cent Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela Bielefeld Univ, Bielefeld, Germany World Hlth Org Reg Off Europe, Moscow, Russia German Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany Fred Hollows Fdn, Auckland, New Zealand Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales Univ Coll Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Inst Publ Hlth, Tirana, Albania Munster Technol Univ, Cork, Ireland Univ La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Univ Malta, Msida, Malta Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA Minist Hlth, Tongatapu, Tonga Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada Hosp Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil Minist Publ Hlth, Asuncion, Paraguay Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic Gaetano Fucito Hosp, Mercato San Severino, Italy Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Karolinska Inst, Huddinge, Sweden Ctr Estudios Nutr Infantil, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Porto, Porto, Portugal Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Santiago de Compostela Univ, Santiago De Compostela, Spain Minist Hlth, Ankara, Turkey Council Agr Res & Econ, Rome, Italy Fed Univ Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil India Diabet Res Fdn, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Duke NUS Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore ICMR Natl Inst Med Stat, New Delhi, India Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore Acad Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Capital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China Duke Univ, Durham, NH USA Kailuan Gen Hosp, Tangshan, Peoples R China Univ Oxford, Oxford, England Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Ahvaz, Iran Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy 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Madrid, Spain Indian Stat Inst, Kolkata, India Tabriz Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran Geneva Univ Hosp, Geneva, Switzerland Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Natl Res Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, Russia Innovating Hlth Int, Port Au Prince, Haiti Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada French Natl Res Inst Sustainable Dev, Montpellier, France French Publ Hlth Agcy, St Maurice, France Mediterranea Cardioctr, Naples, Italy Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil Natl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol, Havana, Cuba Natl Council Sci & Tech Res, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran Univ Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Natl Inst Nutr, Hanoi, Vietnam Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy Univ Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran Minist Sante & Hyg Publ, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire Univ Hosp Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany Natl Inst Cardiol, Warsaw, Poland Beijing Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China UMI 3189 ESS, Marseille, France Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA Scuola Super Sant Anna, Pisa, Italy Univ Latvia, Riga, Latvia Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Gizo, Solomon Islands Hormozgan Univ Med Sci, Bandar Abbas, Iran Univ Benin, Benin, Nigeria Univ Skovde, Skovde, Sweden Natl Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Tunis, Tunisia Univ West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA Univ Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa Univ Duisburg Essen, Duisburg, Germany Karadeniz Tech Univ, Trabzon, Turkey Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Rafsanjan, Iran Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Tabriz, Iran Fasa Univ Med Sci, Fasa, Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Shiraz, Iran Baqai Med Univ, Karachi, Pakistan Ctr Salud Villanueva Norte, Badajoz, Spain Hosp Don Benito Villanueva Serena, Badajoz, Spain Minist Hlth, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile Inst Mother & Child Hlth, Warsaw, Poland Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland Univ Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Univ Sains Malaysia, Kota Baharu, Kelantan, Malaysia Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Hosp Univ Son Espases, Palma De Mallorca, Spain Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Kindai Univ, Osaka, Japan Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan Med Univ Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Krakow, Poland Minist Salute DG Prevenz Sanit, Rome, Italy Univ Catania, Catania, Italy CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ, Alicante, Spain Africa Hlth Res Inst, Mtubatuba, South Africa Univ Geneva, Med Sch, Geneva, Switzerland CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ, Barcelona, Spain Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med, Villejuif, France Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada Gasol Fdn, Barcelona, Spain PASs Hirszfeld Inst Immunol & Expt Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain St Annes Univ Hosp, Brno, Czech Republic Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico Ctr Estudios Diabet AC, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Univ Autonoma Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep Minist Hlth, Lisbon, Portugal Inst Clin & Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Warsaw, Poland Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Author Sanitaria San Marino, San Marino, CA USA Iceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland Univ Icesi, Cali, Colombia Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil Kings Coll London, London, England Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France Capital Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China Capital Med Univ, Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Navi Mumbai, India Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Natl Hlth Insurance Serv, Wonju, South Korea Prevent Metab Disorders Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Res & Educ Inst Child Hlth, Nicosia, Cyprus Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark Univ West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, Iran Univ Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China Int Hellen Univ, Thessaloniki, Greece Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA USA Natl Res Inst Hlth & Family Planning, Beijing, Peoples R China Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Pecs, Pecs, Hungary Danish Hlth Author, Copenhagen, Denmark Joep Lange Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands Univ Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil Oulu Univ Hosp, Oulu, Finland Univ Autonoma Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland Chron Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia Kingston Hlth Sci Ctr, Kingston, ON, Canada Fdn Oftalmol Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Univ Oran 1, Oran, Algeria Nay Pyi Taw, Independent Publ Hlth Specialist, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar Minist Hlth & Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar Peking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Bucharest, Romania Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ, San Sebastian, Spain Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands Med Univ Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic, Australia Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Gerontol, Tokyo, Japan Hadassah 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Estonia Kansai Med Univ, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan Hungarian Sch Sport Federat, Budapest, Hungary Minist Hlth & Qual Life, Port Louis, Mauritius Univ Hosp Ulm, Ulm, Germany North West Univ, Potchefstroom, South Africa Univ Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland Inst Publ Hlth, Podgorica, Montenegro Amrita Inst Med Sci, Cochin, Kerala, India Inst Endocrinol, Prague, Czech Republic All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya Hanoi Univ Publ Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam Hassan First Univ Settat, Settat, Morocco Minist Hlth, Algiers, Algeria Harokopio Univ, Athens, Greece Sahlgrens Acad, Gothenburg, Sweden Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Publ Hlth, Yangon, Myanmar Int Food Policy Res Inst, Dakar, Senegal Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Tampere Univ Hosp, Tampere, Finland Univ Douala, Douala, Cameroon Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Natl Inst Hlth Dev, Tallinn, Estonia West Virginia 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Stockholm, Sweden Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam Univ Med & Pharm Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Hanoi Med Univ, Hanoi, Vietnam LifeDoc Hlth, Memphis, TN USA Heartfile, Islamabad, Pakistan Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, Amman, Jordan Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England State Univ Med & Pharm, Kishinev, Moldova Tachikawa Gen Hosp, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cheongju, South Korea Japan Wildlife Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey Minist Hlth, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Madeira, Funchal, Portugal Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA Ctr Clin Res & Prevent, Glostrup, Denmark MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, Ghana UniSante, Lausanne, Switzerland Inst Canc Res, Prevent & Clin Network, Florence, Italy Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany IRCCS Ente Osped Specializzato Gastroenterol S de, Bari, Italy Zayed Univ, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates Catholic Univ Daegu, Daegu, South Korea Univ Med Pharm Sci & Technol Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania Jivandeep Hosp, Anand, Gujarat, India South African Med Res Council, Durban, South Africa Natl Dent Care Ctr Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Univ Malaga, Malaga, Spain Univ Hosp Varese, Varese, Italy Vietnam Natl Heart Inst, Hanoi, Vietnam Clin Med Avanzada Dr Abel Gonzalez, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Bremen, Germany Univ Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg Cardiovasc Prevent Ctr Udine, Udine, Italy Pisa Univ Hosp, Pisa, Italy Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Honiara, Solomon Islands Publ Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Barcelona, Spain Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Ardebil, Iran Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Riga, Latvia Alborz Univ Med Sci, Karaj, Iran Minist Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam Pure Earth, Dhaka, Bangladesh Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh Univ Turku, Turku, Finland Inst Univ Invest Atenc Primaria Jordi Gol, Girona, Spain Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sotiria Hosp, Athens, Greece Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain Univ Philippines, Manila, Philippines Slovak Acad Sci, Bratislava, Slovakia Nutr Res Fdn, Barcelona, Spain Minas Gerais State Secretariat Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil CS S Agustin Ibsalut, Palma De Mallorca, Spain Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Amsterdam, Netherlands Natl Inst Hlth Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Nove Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Canarian Hlth Serv, Tenerife, Spain Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Assoc Calabrese Epatol, Reggio Di Calabria, Italy Univ Minho, Braga, Portugal Fiji Natl Univ, Suva, Fiji Spanish Nutr Fdn, Madrid, Spain Publ Hlth Agcy Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden Inst Food Sci Natl Res Council, Avellino, Italy Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India Kindergarten Avlonari, Evia, Greece Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru Minist Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia Catalan Dept Hlth, Barcelona, Spain Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, San Sebastian, Spain Inst Saude Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal South Karelia Social & Hlth Care Dist, Lappeenranta, Finland McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada Natl Canc Ctr, Tokyo, Japan Univ Sao Paulo Clin Hosp, Sao Paulo, Brazil Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark Acad Med Ctr Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Ctr Oral Hlth Serv & Res Midnorway, Trondheim, Norway Lagos State Univ, Coll Med, Lagos, Nigeria Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain Comenius Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia Nippon Med Sch, Tokyo, Japan Sungkyunkwan Univ, Seoul, South Korea Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland Publ Hlth Promot & Dev Org, Kathmandu, Nepal St Vincents Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia Nes Municipal, Aarnes, Norway Hlth Polytech Jakarta II Inst, Jakarta, Indonesia Diponegoro Univ, Semarang, Indonesia Univ Bari, Bari, Italy Inst Reg Sante Publ, Ouidah, Benin Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Oslo, Norway Inst Publ Hlth, Skopje, North Macedonia Univ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Lamprecht & Stamm Sozialforsch & Beratung AG, Zurich, Switzerland Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med, Nancy, France Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany Sotiria Hosp, Sotiria, Greece Kalina Malina Kindergarten, Pazardjik, Bulgaria Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Natl Stat Off, Praia, Cape Verde Natl Inst Publ Hlth Natl Inst Hyg, Warsaw, Poland Deakin Univ, Sydney, NSW, Australia Sci Res Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan Univ Lincoln, Lincoln, England Minist Hlth, Amman, Jordan UNICEF, Niamey, Niger Cent Univ Kerala, Kasaragod, India Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands Hlth Serv Murcia, Murcia, Spain Inst Invest Sanitaria Illes Balears, Menorca, Spain Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece Govt Med Coll, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Ga Rankuwa, South Africa Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Minist Hlth, Wellington, New Zealand Univ Ctr Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN 37208 USA Dokuz Eylul Univ, Izmir, Turkey Univ Tampere, Tays Eye Ctr, Tampere, Finland Sabiha Gokcen Ilkokulu, Ankara, Turkey Polytech Inst Porto, Porto, Portugal Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA Univ CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain CNR, Pisa, Italy Univ Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Sunflower Nursery Sch, Craiova, Romania North Karelia Ctr Publ Hlth, Joensuu, Finland Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria Cork Inst Technol, Cork, Ireland Inst Med Res, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Xinjiang Med Univ, Urumqi, Peoples R China Shanghai Educ Dev Co Ltd, Shanghai, Peoples R China Minist Hlth, Auckland, New Zealand Rebro Univ, Rebro, Sweden St Georges Univ London, London, England Univ Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Inst Food & Nutr Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Childrens Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China Univ Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan Int Med Univ, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Hellen Mediterranean Univ, Iraklion, Greece Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran Ctr Diabet & Endocrine Care, Srinagar, India Peking Univ First Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China Jiangsu Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanjing, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples R China West Kazakhstan Med Univ, Aktobe, Kazakhstan Inner Mongolia Med Univ, Hohhot, Peoples R China Przedszkole 81, Warsaw, Poland Univ Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
Published: 2021

20. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Author: Zhou, Bin Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Riley, Leanne M. Paciorek, Christopher J. Stevens, Gretchen A. and Gregg, Edward W. Bennett, James E. Solomon, Bethlehem and Singleton, Rosie K. Sophiea, Marisa K. Iurilli, Maria L. C. and Lhoste, Victor P. F. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan and Woodward, Mark Balanova, Yulia Cifkova, Renata Damasceno, Albertino Elliott, Paul Farzadfar, Farshad He, Jiang and Ikeda, Nayu Kengne, Andre P. Khang, Young-Ho Kim, Hyeon Chang Laxmaiah, Avula Lin, Hsien-Ho Margozzini Maira, Paula and Miranda, J. Jaime Neuhauser, Hannelore Sundstrom, Johan and Varghese, Cherian Widyahening, Indah S. Zdrojewski, Tomasz and Ezzati, Majid Abarca-Gomez, Leandra Abdeen, Ziad A. Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin and Adams, Robert J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Afsana, Kaosar and Afzal, Shoaib Agdeppa, Imelda A. Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad and Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemang, Charles Ahmad, Noor Ani and Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadizar, Fariba and Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahrens, Wolfgang Ajlouni, Kamel and Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Alarouj, Monira AlBuhairan, Fadia and AlDhukair, Shahla Ali, Mohamed M. Alkandari, Abdullah and Alkerwi, Ala'a Allin, Kristine Aly, Eman Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Amougou, Norbert Amouyel, Philippe Andersen, Lars Bo and Anderssen, Sigmund A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Ansong, Daniel Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Araujo, Joana and Ariansen, Inger Aris, Tahir Arku, Raphael E. Arlappa, Nimmathota Aryal, Krishna K. Aspelund, Thor Assah, Felix K. and Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F. Auvinen, Juha Avdicova, Maria and Azevedo, Ana Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen Azizi, Fereidoun Azmin, Mehrdad Babu, Bontha V. Bahijri, Suhad Balakrishna, Nagalla and Balanova, Yulia Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Banach, Maciej and Banadinovic, Maja Bandosz, Piotr Banegas, Jose R. Baran, Joanna Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Barkat, Amina and Barreto, Marta Barros, Aluisio J. D. Gomes Barros, Mauro Virgilio Bartosiewicz, Anna Basit, Abdul Bastos, Joao Luiz D. Bata, Iqbal Batieha, Anwar M. Batyrbek, Assembekov and Baur, Louise A. Beaglehole, Robert Belavendra, Antonisamy and Ben Romdhane, Habiba Benet, Mikhail Bennett, James E. and Benson, Lowell S. Berkinbayev, Salim Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio and Bettiol, Heloisa Bezerra, Jorge Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor Bhargava, Santosh K. Bia, Daniel Biasch, Katia Lele, Elysee Claude Bika Bikbov, Mukharram M. Bista, Bihungum Bjerregaard, Peter and Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia and Bloch, Katia V. Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Bobak, Martin Boeing, Heiner Boggia, Jose G. Boissonnet, Carlos P. and Bojesen, Stig E. Bongard, Vanina Bonilla-Vargas, Alice and Bopp, Matthias Borghs, Herman Bovet, Pascal Boyer, Christopher B. Braeckman, Lutgart Brajkovich, Imperia and Branca, Francesco Breckenkamp, Juergen Brenner, Hermann and Brewster, Lizzy M. Briceno, Yajaira Brito, Miguel Bruno, Graziella Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas Bueno, Gloria Bugge, Anna Burns, Con Bursztyn, Michael Cabrera de Leon, Antonio and Cacciottolo, Joseph Cameron, Christine Can, Gunay and Candido, Ana Paula C. Capanzana, Mario V. Capkova, Nadezda and Capuano, Eduardo Capuano, Vincenzo Cardoso, Viviane C. and Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Joana Casanueva, Felipe F. and Censi, Laura Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chan, Angelique W. and Chan, Queenie Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nish Chee, Miao Li Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai and Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Cheng, Ching-Yu Cheraghian, Bahman Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui Chetrit, Angela Chien, Kuo-Liong Chiolero, Arnaud Chiou, Shu-Ti Chirita-Emandi, Adela Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores Cho, Belong Christensen, Kaare Christofaro, Diego G. Chudek, Jerzy Cifkova, Renata and Cinteza, Eliza Claessens, Frank Clarke, Janine Clays, Els Cohen, Emmanuel Concin, Hans Cooper, Cyrus and Coppinger, Tara C. Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique and Cowell, Chris Craig, Cora L. Crampin, Amelia C. Crujeiras, Ana B. Cruz, Juan J. Csilla, Semanova Cui, Liufu Cureau, Felipe V. Cuschieri, Sarah D'Arrigo, Graziella d'Orsi, Eleonora Dallongeville, Jean Damasceno, Albertino Danaei, Goodarz Dankner, Rachel Dantoft, Thomas M. Dauchet, Luc and Davletov, Kairat De Backer, Guy De Bacquer, Dirk De Curtis, Amalia de Gaetano, Giovanni De Henauw, Stefaan de Oliveira, Paula Duarte De Ridder, David De Smedt, Delphine Deepa, Mohan Deev, Alexander D. DeGennaro, Vincent Jr Delisle, Helene Demarest, Stefaan Dennison, Elaine Deschamps, Valerie and Dhimal, Meghnath Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares Diaz, Alejandro Dickerson, Ty T. Dika, Zivka and Djalalinia, Shirin Do, Ha T. P. Dobson, Annette J. and Donfrancesco, Chiara Donoso, Silvana P. Doering, Angela and Dorobantu, Maria Doerr, Marcus Doua, Kouamelan Dragano, Nico and Drygas, Wojciech Duante, Charmaine A. Duboz, Priscilla and Duda, Rosemary B. Dulskiene, Virginija Dushpanova, Anar and Dzakula, Aleksandar Dzerve, Vilnis Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Eddie, Ricky Eftekhar, Ebrahim Eggertsen, Robert and Eghtesad, Sareh Eiben, Gabriele Ekelund, Ulf El-Khateeb, Mohammad El Ati, Jalila Eldemire-Shearer, Denise Eliasen, Marie Elliott, Paul Elosua, Roberto Erasmus, Rajiv T. and Erbel, Raimund Erem, Cihangir Eriksen, Louise Eriksson, Johan G. Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge Eslami, Saeid Esmaeili, Ali Evans, Alun Faeh, David Fakhretdinova, Albina A. and Fall, Caroline H. Faramarzi, Elnaz Farjam, Mojtaba and Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Fawwad, Asher and Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Felix, Stephan B. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandes, Romulo A. Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Daniel Ferrao, Thomas Ferrari, Marika Ferrario, Marco M. and Ferreccio, Catterina Ferreira, Haroldo S. Ferrer, Eldridge and Ferrieres, Jean Figueiro, Thamara Hubler Fink, Gunther and Fischer, Krista Foo, Leng Huat Forsner, Maria Fouad, Heba M. and Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. and Fujita, Yuki Fumihiko, Matsuda Furdela, Viktoriya Furer, Ariel Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Galbarczyk, Andrzej and Galenkamp, Henrike Galvano, Fabio Gao, Jingli Gao, Pei and Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Garcia, Pablo Gareta, Dickman and Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda and Gazzinelli, Andrea Gehring, Ulrike Geleijnse, Johanna M. and George, Ronnie Ghanbari, Ali Ghasemi, Erfan Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Ghimire, Anup Gialluisi, Alessandro and Giampaoli, Simona Gieger, Christian Gill, Tiffany K. and Giovannelli, Jonathan Gironella, Glen Giwercman, Aleksander and Gkiouras, Konstantinos Goldberg, Marcel Goldsmith, Rebecca A. and Gomez, Luis F. Gomula, Aleksandra Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Goncalves, Helen Goncalves, Mauer Gonzalez-Chica, David A. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P. and Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena and Gonzalez, Angel R. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic and Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grafnetter, Dusan Grajda, Aneta and Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Gregor, Ronald D. Grodzicki, Tomasz and Grosso, Giuseppe Gruden, Gabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc J. Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurzkowska, Beata and Gutierrez, Laura Gutzwiller, Felix Ha, Seongjun Hadaegh, Farzad Haghshenas, Rosa Hakimi, Hamid Halkjaer, Jytte and Hambleton, Ian R. Hamzeh, Behrooz Hange, Dominique Hanif, Abu A. M. Hantunen, Sari Hao, Jie Hardman, Carla Meneses and Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Hata, Jun and Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hayes, Alison J. He, Jiang He, Yuna and Heier, Margit Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henrique, Rafael dos Santos Henriques, Ana Cadena, Leticia Hernandez Herrala, Sauli Heshmat, Ramin Hill, Allan G. Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hobbs, Michael Holdsworth, Michelle Homayounfar, Reza Dinc, Gonul Horasan Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina and Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than and Hu, Yonghua Huerta, Jose Maria Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani and Huiart, Laetitia Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif S. and Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim Ikeda, Nayu Ikram, M. Arfan Iotova, Violeta Irazola, Vilma E. and Ishida, Takafumi Isiguzo, Godsent C. Islam, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwasaki, Masanori Jackson, Rod T. and Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jaddou, Hashem Y. Jafar, Tazeen James, Kenneth Jamrozik, Konrad Janszky, Imre Janus, Edward and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Jasienska, Grazyna Jelakovic, Ana and Jelakovic, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jha, Anjani Kumar Jiang, Chao Qiang Jimenez, Ramon O. Joeckel, Karl-Heinz Joffres, Michel Johansson, Mattias Jokelainen, Jari J. Jonas, Jost B. and Jorgensen, Torben Joshi, Pradeep Joukar, Farahnaz and Jozwiak, Jacek Juolevi, Anne Jurak, Gregor Juresa, Vesna and Kaaks, Rudolf Kafatos, Anthony Kajantie, Eero O. and Kalmatayeva, Zhanna Kalpourtzi, Natasa Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra and Kampmann, Freja B. Kannan, Srinivasan Karaglani, Eva and Karhus, Line L. Karki, Khem B. Katibeh, Marzieh Katz, Joanne and Kauhanen, Jussi Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam and Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Keil, Ulrich Boker, Lital Keinan and Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Kelishadi, Roya Kemper, Han C. G. and Kengne, Andre P. Keramati, Maryam Kerimkulova, Alina and Kersting, Mathilde Key, Timothy Khader, Yousef Saleh and Khalili, Davood Khang, Young-Ho Khaw, Kay-Tee Kheiri, Bahareh Kheradmand, Motahareh Khosravi, Alireza and Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Kiechl, Stefan Killewo, Japhet and Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jeongseon Klakk, Heidi and Klimek, Magdalena Klumbiene, Jurate Knoflach, Michael and Kolle, Elin Kolsteren, Patrick Kontto, Jukka P. Korpelainen, Raija Korrovits, Paul Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratenova, Jana and Kriaucioniene, Vilma Kristensen, Peter Lund Krokstad, Steiner Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kubinova, Ruzena and Kuciene, Renata Kujala, Urho M. Kulaga, Zbigniew Kumar, R. Krishna Kurjata, Pawel Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kutsenko, Vladimir Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher and Latt, Tint Swe Laxmaiah, Avula Le Coroller, Gwenaelle Khanh Le Nguyen Bao Le, Tuyen D. Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee and Lehmann, Nils Lehtimaki, Terho Lemogoum, Daniel Levitt, Naomi S. Li, Yanping Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Wei-Yen and Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lin, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting and Lind, Lars Lingam, Vijaya Linneberg, Allan Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Lo, Wei-Cheng Loit, Helle-Mai and Lopez-Garcia, Esther Lopez, Tania Lotufo, Paulo A. Lozano, Jose Eugenio Lovrencic, Iva Lukacevic Lukrafka, Janice L. and Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lunet, Nuno Lustigova, Michala Luszczki, Edyta Ma, Guansheng and Ma, Jun Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Macia, Enguerran Macieira, Luisa M. Madar, Ahmed A. Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahasampath, Gowri Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta and Makdisse, Marcia Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza and Malhotra, Rahul Mallikharjuna, Kodavanti Malyutina, Sofia K. and Maniego, Lynell V. Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. and Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manzato, Enzo Marcil, Anie and Margozzini, Paula Marild, Staffan B. Glavic, Mihalea Marinovic and Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marques, Larissa Pruner Marrugat, Jaume and Martorell, Reynaldo Mascarenhas, Luis P. Matasin, Marija and Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mathur, Prashant Matijasevich, Alicia and Matlosz, Piotr Matsha, Tandi E. Mavrogianni, Christina and Mbanya, Jean Claude N. Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McLachlan, Stela McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene Medzioniene, Jurate Mehdipour, Parinaz and Mehlig, Kirsten Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Meirhaeghe, Aline and Meisinger, Christa Mendoza Montano, Carlos Menezes, Ana Maria B. and Menon, Geetha R. Mereke, Alibek Meshram, Indrapal I. and Metspalu, Andres Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michels, Nathalie and Mikkel, Kairit Milkowska, Karolina Miller, Jody C. and Minderico, Claudia S. Mini, G. K. Miranda, J. Jaime and Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Mirrakhimov, Erkin Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Modesti, Pietro A. Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Mohajer, Bahram Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Shukri F. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra and Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohammadpourhodki, Reza Mohan, Viswanathan Mohanna, Salim Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd and Mohebbi, Iraj Mohebi, Farnam Moitry, Marie Mollehave, Line T. Molnar, Denes Momenan, Amirabbas Mondo, Charles K. and Monterrubio-Flores, Eric Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. Moon, Jin Soo Moosazadeh, Mahmood Moreira, Leila B. Morejon, Alain and Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali Mota, Jorge and Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel Motta, Jorge Andre Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Mridha, Malay K. Msyamboza, Kelias P. Mu, Thet Thet and Muhihi, Alfa J. Muiesan, Maria L. Muller-Nurasyid, Martina and Murphy, Neil Mursu, Jaakko Musa, Kamarul Imran and Milanovic, Sanja Music Musil, Vera Mustafa, Norlaila and Nabipour, Iraj Naderimagham, Shohreh Nagel, Gabriele Naidu, Balkish M. Najafi, Farid Nakamura, Harunobu Namesna, Jana and Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Narake, Sameer Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba Neal, William A. Nejatizadeh, Azim Nenko, Ilona and Neovius, Martin Neuhauser, Hannelore K. Nguyen, Chung T. and Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang V. Quang Ngoc Nguyen and Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E. Niiranen, Teemu J. Nikitin, Yury P. and Ninomiya, Toshiharu Nishtar, Sania Njelekela, Marina A. and Noale, Marianna Noboa, Oscar A. Noorbala, Ahmad Ali Norat, Teresa Nordendahl, Maria Nordestgaard, Borge G. Noto, Davide and Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia Al Nsour, Mohannad Nunes, Baltazar O'Neill, Terence W. O'Reilly, Dermot Ochimana, Caleb Oda, Eiji Odili, Augustine N. Oh, Kyungwon Ohara, Kumiko Ohtsuka, Ryutaro Olie, Valerie Olinto, Maria Teresa A. Oliveira, Isabel O. Omar, Mohd Azahadi Onat, Altan and Ong, Sok King Ono, Lariane M. Ordunez, Pedro Ornelas, Rui and Ortiz, Pedro J. Osmond, Clive Ostojic, Sergej M. and Ostovar, Afshin Otero, Johanna A. Overvad, Kim Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Paccaud, Fred Michel Padez, Cristina Pahomova, Elena and de Paiva, Karina Mary Pajak, Andrzej Palli, Domenico and Palmieri, Luigi Pan, Wen-Harn Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra and Panza, Francesco Paoli, Mariela Papandreou, Dimitrios Park, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Parnell, Winsome R. Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Pasquet, Patrick Patel, Nikhil D. Pavlyshyn, Halyna Pecin, Ivan Pednekar, Mangesh S. Pedro, Joao M. and Peer, Nasheeta Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku and Pereira, Alexandre C. Peres, Karen G. D. A. Peres, Marco A. and Peters, Annette Petkeviciene, Janina Peykari, Niloofar Son Thai Pham Pichardo, Rafael N. Pigeot, Iris Pikhart, Hynek and Pilav, Aida Pilotto, Lorenza Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Pizarro, Andreia N. Plans-Rubio, Pedro Polasek, Ozren Porta, Miquel Poudyal, Anil Pourfarzi, Farhad and Pourshams, Akram Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Price, Alison J. Price, Jacqueline F. Providencia, Rui Puhakka, Soile E. Puiu, Maria Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. and Qorbani, Mostafa Queiroz, Daniel Tran Quoc Bao Radic, Ivana and Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahimikazerooni, Salar Rahman, Mahfuzar Raitakari, Olli Raj, Manu Rakhimova, Ellina M. and Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramachandran, Ambady Ramos, Elisabete and Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rangel Reina, Daniel A. and Rarra, Vayia Rech, Cassiano Ricardo Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Regecova, Valeria Revilla, Luis and Rezaianzadeh, Abbas Ribeiro, Robespierre Riboli, Elio and Richter, Adrian Rigo, Fernando de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke and Ritti-Dias, Raphael M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Roggenbuck, Ulla Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Romaguera, Dora Romeo, Elisabetta L. Rosengren, Annika Roy, Joel G. R. and Rubinstein, Adolfo Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Ruiz-Castell, Maria Rusakova, Iuliia A. and Russo, Paola Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi and Sabbaghi, Hamideh Sachdev, Harshpal S. Sadjadi, Alireza and Safarpour, Ali Reza Safi, Sare Safiri, Saeid Saidi, Olfa and Sakarya, Sibel Saki, Nader Salanave, Benoit Salazar Martinez, Eduardo Salmeron, Diego Salomaa, Veikko Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Sans, Susana and Santos, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Lelita C. and Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. and Sardinha, Luis B. Sarganas, Giselle Sarrafzadegan, Nizal and Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu Saum, Kai-Uwe Savva, Savvas and Sawada, Norie Sbaraini, Mariana Scazufca, Marcia Schaan, Beatriz D. Schargrodsky, Herman Schipf, Sabine Schmidt, Carsten O. Schnohr, Peter Schoettker, Ben Schramm, Sara and Schultsz, Constance Schutte, Aletta E. Sebert, Sylvain Sein, Aye Aye Sen, Abhijit Senbanjo, Idowu O. Sepanlou, Sadaf G. and Servais, Jennifer Shalnova, Svetlana A. Shamah-Levy, Teresa and Shamshirgaran, Morteza Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam and Sharafkhah, Maryam Sharma, Sanjib K. Shaw, Jonathan E. and Shayanrad, Amaneh Shayesteh, Ali Akbar Shi, Zumin Shibuya, Kenji Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana Shin, Dong Wook Shirani, Majid and Shiri, Rahman Shrestha, Namuna Si-Ramlee, Khairil Siani, Alfonso Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Simon, Mary and Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjostrom, Michael and Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam and So, Hung-Kwan Soares, Fernanda Cunha Sobngwi, Eugene and Soderberg, Stefan Soemantri, Agustinus Sofat, Reecha and Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Somi, Mohammad Hossein Sonestedt, Emily and Song, Yi Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Sorgjerd, Elin P. Soric, Maroje Jerome, Charles Sossa Soumare, Aicha Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente Sparrenberger, Karen Staessen, Jan A. Starc, Gregor and Stavreski, Bill Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter and Stein, Aryeh D. Stergiou, George S. Stessman, Jochanan and Stieber, Jutta Stoeckl, Doris Stocks, Tanja Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Suka, Machi and Sun, Chien-An Sundstrom, Johan Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Syddall, Holly E. Sylva, Rene Charles and Szklo, Moyses Tai, E. Shyong Tammesoo, Mari-Liis Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tan, Eng Joo Tang, Xun Tanser, Frank Tao, Yong and Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Taylor, Julie Tebar, William R. Tell, Grethe S. and Tello, Tania Tham, Yih Chung Thankappan, K. R. Theobald, Holger Theodoridis, Xenophon Thijs, Lutgarde Thinggaard, Mikael Thomas, Nihal Thorand, Barbara Thuesen, Betina H. and Timmermans, Erik J. Tjandrarini, Dwi H. Tjonneland, Anne and Toft, Ulla Tolonen, Hanna K. Tolstrup, Janne S. Topbas, Murat Topor-Madry, Roman Jose Tormo, Maria Tornaritis, Michael J. Torrent, Maties Torres-Collado, Laura Touloumi, Giota Traissac, Pierre Triantafyllou, Areti Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Trichopoulou, Antonia Trinh, Oanh T. H. Trivedi, Atul Tshepo, Lechaba Tsugane, Shoichiro Tuliakova, Azaliia M. Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tullu, Fikru Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomilehto, Jaakko Turley, Maria L. Twig, Gilad and Tynelius, Per Tzourio, Christophe Ueda, Peter Ugel, Eunice Ulmer, Hanno Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Valdivia, Gonzalo and Valvi, Damaskini van Dam, Rob M. van den Born, Bert-Jan and Van der Heyden, Johan van der Schouw, Yvonne T. Van Herck, Koen and Hoang Van Minh Van Schoor, Natasja M. van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. van Zutphen, Elisabeth M. Vanderschueren, Dirk and Vanuzzo, Diego Varbo, Anette Vasan, Senthil K. Vega, Tomas and Veidebaum, Toomas Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veronesi, Giovanni Verschuren, W. M. Monique Verstraeten, Roosmarijn and Victora, Cesar G. Viet, Lucie Villalpando, Salvador Vineis, Paolo Vioque, Jesus Virtanen, Jyrki K. Visvikis-Siest, Sophie Viswanathan, Bharathi Vlasoff, Tiina Vollenweider, Peter Voutilainen, Ari Wade, Alisha N. Walton, Janette and Wambiya, Elvis O. A. Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Wanderley Junior, Rildo de Souza Wang, Ming-Dong and Wang, Ningli Wang, Qian Wang, Xiangjun Wang, Ya Xing and Wang, Ying-Wei Wannamethee, S. Goya Wareham, Nicholas Wei, Wenbin Weres, Aneta Werner, Bo Whincup, Peter H. and Widhalm, Kurt Widyahening, Indah S. Wiecek, Andrzej Wilks, Rainford J. Willeit, Johann Willeit, Peter Williams, Emmanuel A. Wilsgaard, Tom Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wong-McClure, Roy A. Wong, Andrew Wong, Tien Yin Woo, Jean Woodward, Mark Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Shouling Wyszynska, Justyna and Xu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Yaacob, Nor Azwany Yan, Weili and Yang, Ling Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Yasuharu, Tabara and Ye, Xingwang Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. Yoosefi, Moein and Yoshihara, Akihiro You, San-Lin Younger-Coleman, Novie O. and Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi Zainuddin, Ahmad A. Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul and Zamani, Farhad Zambon, Sabina Zampelas, Antonis Elisa Zapata, Maria Zaw, Ko Ko Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zejglicova, Kristyna Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic Zeng, Yi Zhang, Luxia and Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhao, Dong Zhao, Ming-Hui Zhen, Shiqi and Zheng, Yingfeng Zholdin, Bekbolat Zhu, Dan Zins, Marie and Zitt, Emanuel Zocalo, Yanina Zoghlami, Nada Zuniga Cisneros, Julio NCD Risk Factor Collaboration
Abstract: Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.
Published: 2021

21. Equalization of four cardiovascular risk algorithms after systematic recalibration: individual-participant meta-analysis of 86 prospective studies

Author: Pennells, Lisa, Kaptoge, Stephen, Wood, Angela, Sweeting, Mike, Zhao, Xiaohui, White, Ian, Burgess, Stephen, Willeit, Peter, Bolton, Thomas, Moons, Karel G M, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Selmer, Randi, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Assmann, Gerd, Amouyel, Philippe, Salomaa, Veikko, Kivimaki, Mika, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Blaha, Michael J, Kuller, Lewis H, Brenner, Hermann, Gillum, Richard F, Meisinger, Christa, Ford, Ian, Knuiman, Matthew W, Rosengren, Annika, Lawlor, Debbie A, Völzke, Henry, Cooper, Cyrus, Marín Ibañez, Alejandro, Casiglia, Edoardo, Kauhanen, Jussi, Cooper, Jackie A, Rodriguez, Beatriz, Sundström, Johan, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Dankner, Rachel, Nietert, Paul J, Davidson, Karina W, Wallace, Robert B, Blazer, Dan G, Björkelund, Cecilia, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Krumholz, Harlan M, Nissinen, Aulikki, Davis, Barry R, Coady, Sean, Whincup, Peter H, Jørgensen, Torben, Ducimetiere, Pierre, Trevisan, Maurizio, Engström, Gunnar, Crespo, Carlos J, Meade, Tom W, Visser, Marjolein, Kromhout, Daan, Kiechl, Stefan, Daimon, Makoto, Price, Jackie F, Gómez de la Cámara, Agustin, Wouter Jukema, J, Lamarche, Benoît, Onat, Altan, Simons, Leon A, Kavousi, Maryam, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Gallacher, John, Dekker, Jacqueline M, Arima, Hisatomi, Shara, Nawar, Tipping, Robert W, Roussel, Ronan, Brunner, Eric J, Koenig, Wolfgang, Sakurai, Masaru, Pavlovic, Jelena, Gansevoort, Ron T, Nagel, Dorothea, Goldbourt, Uri, Barr, Elizabeth L M, Palmieri, Luigi, Njølstad, Inger, Sato, Shinichi, Monique Verschuren, W M, Varghese, Cherian V, Graham, Ian, Onuma, Oyere, Greenland, Philip, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Psaty, Bruce M, Sattar, Naveed, Jackson, Rod, Ridker, Paul M, Cook, Nancy R, D'Agostino, Ralph B, Thompson, Simon G, Danesh, John, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Simpson, Lara M, Pressel, Sara L, Couper, David J, Nambi, Vijay, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Folsom, Aaron R, Shaw, Jonathan E, Magliano, Dianna J, Zimmet, Paul Z, Wannamethee, S Goya, Willeit, Johann, Santer, Peter, Egger, Georg, Casas, Juan Pablo, Amuzu, Antointtte, Tikhonoff, Valérie, Sutherland, Susan E, Cushman, Mary, Søgaard, Anne Johanne, Håheim, Lise Lund, Ariansen, Inger, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Jensen, Gorm B, Schnohr, Peter, Giampaoli, Simona, Vanuzzo, Diego, Panico, Salvatore, Balkau, Beverley, Bonnet, Fabrice, Marre, Michel, de la Cámara, Agustin Gómez, Rubio Herrera, Miguel Angel, Friedlander, Yechiel, McCallum, John, McLachlan, Stela, Guralnik, Jack, Phillips, Caroline L, Wareham, Nick, Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Holleczek, Bernd, Tolonen, Hanna, Vartiainen, Erkki, Jousilahti, Pekka, Harald, Kennet, D’Agostino, Ralph B, Massaro, Joseph M, Pencina, Michael, Vasan, Ramachandran, Kayama, Takamasa, Kato, Takeo, Oizumi, Toshihide, Jespersen, Jørgen, Møller, Lars, Bladbjerg, Else Marie, Chetrit, A, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Dennison, Elaine, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Doi, Yasufumi, Nijpels, Giel, Stehouwer, Coen D A, Kazumasa, Yamagishi, Iso, Hiroyasu, Kurl, Sudhir, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Salonen, Jukka T, Deeg, Dorly J H, Nilsson, Peter M, Hedblad, Bo, Melander, Olle, De Boer, Ian H, DeFilippis, Andrew Paul, Verschuren, W M Monique, Watt, Graham, Tverdal, Aage, Kirkland, Susan, Shimbo, Daichi, Shaffer, Jonathan, Bakker, Stephan J L, van der Harst, Pim, Hillege, Hans L, Dallongeville, Jean, Schulte, Helmut, Trompet, Stella, Smit, Roelof A J, Stott, David J, Després, Jean-Pierre, Cantin, Bernard, Dagenais, Gilles R, Laughlin, Gail, Wingard, Deborah, Aspelund, Thor, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Gudmundsson, Elias Freyr, Ikram, Arfan, van Rooij, Frank J A, Franco, Oscar H, Rueda-Ochoa, Oscar L, Muka, Taulant, Glisic, Marija, Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Howard, Barbara V, Zhang, Ying, Jolly, Stacey, Davey-Smith, George, Can, Günay, Yüksel, Hüsniye, Nakagawa, Hideaki, Morikawa, Yuko, Miura, Katsuyuki, Ingelsson, Martin, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gaziano, J Michael, Shipley, Martin, Arndt, Volker, Cook, Nancy, Ibañez, Alejandro Marín, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Epidemiology, Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Pennells, Lisa [0000-0002-8594-3061], Kaptoge, Stephen [0000-0002-1155-4872], Wood, Angela [0000-0002-7937-304X], Sweeting, Michael [0000-0003-0980-8965], Zhao, Xiaohui [0000-0001-9922-2815], Burgess, Stephen [0000-0001-5365-8760], Danesh, John [0000-0003-1158-6791], Di Angelantonio, Emanuele [0000-0001-8776-6719], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Nutrition and Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Groningen Institute for Organ Transplantation (GIOT), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, Internal medicine, Epidemiology and Data Science, İÜC, Lisa, Pennell, Stephen, Kaptoge, Angela, Wood, Mike, Sweeting, Xiaohui, Zhao, Ian, White, Stephen, Burge, Peter, Willeit, Thomas, Bolton, Karel G M, Moon, Yvonne T, van der Schouw, Randi, Selmer, Kay-Tee, Khaw, Vilmundur, Gudnason, Gerd, Assmann, Philippe, Amouyel, Veikko, Salomaa, Mika, Kivimaki, Børge G, Nordestgaard, Michael J, Blaha, Lewis H, Kuller, Hermann, Brenner, Richard F, Gillum, Christa, Meisinger, Ian, Ford, Matthew W, Knuiman, Annika, Rosengren, Debbie A, Lawlor, Henry, Völzke, Cyrus, Cooper, Alejandro, Marín Ibañez, Edoardo, Casiglia, Jussi, Kauhanen, Jackie A, Cooper, Beatriz, Rodriguez, Johan, Sundström, Elizabeth, Barrett-Connor, Rachel, Dankner, Paul J, Nietert, Karina W, Davidson, Robert B, Wallace, Dan G, Blazer, Cecilia, Björkelund, Chiara, Donfrancesco, Harlan M, Krumholz, Aulikki, Nissinen, Barry R, Davi, Sean, Coady, Peter H, Whincup, Torben, Jørgensen, Pierre, Ducimetiere, Maurizio, Trevisan, Gunnar, Engström, Carlos J, Crespo, Tom W, Meade, Marjolein, Visser, Daan, Kromhout, Stefan, Kiechl, Makoto, Daimon, Jackie F, Price, Agustin, Gómez de la Cámara, J, Wouter Jukema, Benoît, Lamarche, Altan, Onat, Leon A, Simon, Maryam, Kavousi, Yoav, Ben-Shlomo, John, Gallacher, Jacqueline M, Dekker, Hisatomi, Arima, Nawar, Shara, Robert W, Tipping, Ronan, Roussel, Eric J, Brunner, Wolfgang, Koenig, Masaru, Sakurai, Jelena, Pavlovic, Ron T, Gansevoort, Dorothea, Nagel, Uri, Goldbourt, Elizabeth L M, Barr, Luigi, Palmieri, Inger, Njølstad, Shinichi, Sato, W M, Monique Verschuren, Cherian V, Varghese, Ian, Graham, Oyere, Onuma, Philip, Greenland, Mark, Woodward, Majid, Ezzati, Bruce M, Psaty, Sattar, W Tipping, Naveerobert, M Simpson, Lara, L Pressel, Sara, J Couper, David, Nambi, Vijay, Matsushita, Kunihiro, R Folsom, Aaron, E Shaw, Jonathan, J Magliano, Dianna, Z Zimmet, Paul, W Knuiman, Matthew, H Whincup, Peter, Goya Wannamethee, S, Willeit, Johann, Santer, Peter, Egger, Georg, Pablo Casas, Juan, Amuzu, Antoinette, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Gallacher, John, Tikhonoff, Valérie, Casiglia, Edoardo, E Sutherland, Susan, J Nietert, Paul, Cushman, Mary, M Psaty, Bruce, Johanne Søgaard, Anne, Lund Håheim, Lise, Ariansen, Inger, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, B Jensen, Gorm, Schnohr, Peter, Giampaoli, Simona, Vanuzzo, Diego, Panico, Salvatore, Palmieri, Luigi, Balkau, Beverley, Bonnet, Fabrice, Marre, Michel, Gómez de la Cámara, Agustin, Angel Rubio Herrera, Miguel, Friedlander, Yechiel, Mccallum, John, Mclachlan, Stela, Guralnik, Jack, L Phillips, Caroline, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nick, Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Holleczek, Bernd, Nissinen, Aulikki, Tolonen, Hanna, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Vartiainen, Erkki, Jousilahti, Pekka, Harald, Kennet, B D’Agostino, Ralph, M Massaro, Joseph, Pencina, Michael, Vasan, Ramachandran, Kayama, Takamasa, Kato, Takeo, Oizumi, Toshihide, Jespersen, Jørgen, Møller, Lar, Marie Bladbjerg, Else, Chetrit, A, Rosengren, Annika, Wilhelmsen, Lar, Björkelund, Cecilia, Lissner, Lauren, Nagel, Dorothea, Dennison, Elaine, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Doi, Yasufumi, Rodriguez, Beatriz, Nijpels, Giel, A Stehouwer, Coen D, Sato, Shinichi, Kazumasa, Yamagishi, Iso, Hiroyasu, Goldbourt, Uri, Salomaa, Veikko, Kurl, Sudhir, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, T Salonen, Jukka, Visser, Marjolein, H Deeg, Dorly J, W Meade, Tom, M Nilsson, Peter, Hedblad, Bo, Melander, Olle, H De Boer, Ian, Paul DeFilippis, Andrew, M Monique Verschuren, W, Sattar, Naveed, Watt, Graham, Meisinger, Christa, Koenig, Wolfgang, H Kuller, Lewi, Tverdal, Aage, F Gillum, Richard, A Cooper, Jackie, Kirkland, Susan, Shimbo, Daichi, Shaffer, Jonathan, Ducimetiere, Pierre, L Bakker, Stephan J, van der Harst, Pim, L Hillege, Han, J Crespo, Carlo, Amouyel, Philippe, Dallongeville, Jean, Assmann, Gerd, Schulte, Helmut, Trompet, Stella, J Smit, Roelof A, J Stott, David, T van der Schouw, Yvonne, Després, Jean-Pierre, Cantin, Bernard, R Dagenais, Gille, Laughlin, Gail, Wingard, Deborah, Trevisan, Maurizio, Aspelund, Thor, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Freyr Gudmundsson, Elia, Ikram, Arfan, A van Rooij, Frank J, H Franco, Oscar, L Rueda-Ochoa, Oscar, Muka, Taulant, Glisic, Marija, Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Völzke, Henry, V Howard, Barbara, Zhang, Ying, Jolly, Stacey, Davey-Smith, George, Can, Günay, Yüksel, Hüsniye, Nakagawa, Hideaki, Morikawa, Yuko, Miura, Katsuyuki, Njølstad, Inger, Ingelsson, Martin, Giedraitis, Vilmanta, M Ridker, Paul, Michael Gaziano, J, Kivimaki, Mika, Shipley, Martin, J Brunner, Eric, Arndt, Volker, Brenner, Hermann, Cook, Nancy, Ford, Ian, Marín Ibañez, Alejandro, M Geleijnsed, Johanna, Rod, Jackson, Paul M, Ridker, Nancy R, Cook, Ralph B, D'Agostino, Simon G, Thompson, John, Danesh, and Emanuele, Di Angelantonio
Subjects: Male, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Nutrition and Disease, Prevention and Epidemiology, PREDICTION, Áhættuþættir, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, GUIDELINES, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, FRAMINGHAM, Discrimination, Medicine, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, Blóðrásarsjúkdómar, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Non-U.S. Gov't, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, CALIBRATION, Kardiologi, Framingham Risk Score, Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, SCORES, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Incidence (epidemiology), Middle Aged, Cardiovascular disease, Justice and Strong Institutions, Risk prediction, ddc, 3. Good health, Cardiovascular Diseases, Meta-analysis, Cohort, Calibration, Female, Risk assessment, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Algorithm, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Algorithms, SDG 16 - Peace, Risk algorithms, DISEASE PREVENTION, Research Support, Risk Assessment, VALIDATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, Journal Article, Humans, ddc:610, Risk factor, VLAG, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, 030229 sport sciences, R1, STATIN USE, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, business, PRIMARY PREVENTION, TASK-FORCE
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Aims: There is debate about the optimum algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation. We conducted head-to-head comparisons of four algorithms recommended by primary prevention guidelines, before and after 'recalibration', a method that adapts risk algorithms to take account of differences in the risk characteristics of the populations being studied. Methods and results: Using individual-participant data on 360 737 participants without CVD at baseline in 86 prospective studies from 22 countries, we compared the Framingham risk score (FRS), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), pooled cohort equations (PCE), and Reynolds risk score (RRS). We calculated measures of risk discrimination and calibration, and modelled clinical implications of initiating statin therapy in people judged to be at 'high' 10 year CVD risk. Original risk algorithms were recalibrated using the risk factor profile and CVD incidence of target populations. The four algorithms had similar risk discrimination. Before recalibration, FRS, SCORE, and PCE over-predicted CVD risk on average by 10%, 52%, and 41%, respectively, whereas RRS under-predicted by 10%. Original versions of algorithms classified 29-39% of individuals aged ≥40 years as high risk. By contrast, recalibration reduced this proportion to 22-24% for every algorithm. We estimated that to prevent one CVD event, it would be necessary to initiate statin therapy in 44-51 such individuals using original algorithms, in contrast to 37-39 individuals with recalibrated algorithms. Conclusion: Before recalibration, the clinical performance of four widely used CVD risk algorithms varied substantially. By contrast, simple recalibration nearly equalized their performance and improved modelled targeting of preventive action to clinical need., The work of the co-ordinating centre was funded by the UK Medical Research Council (G0800270), British Heart Foundation (SP/09/ 002), British Heart Foundation Cambridge Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence, UK National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, European Research Council (268834), and European Commission Framework Programme 7 (HEALTH-F2-2012-279233). The Emerging Risk Factor Collaboration’s website https://www.phpc.cam.ac.uk/ceu/erfc/list-of-studies/ has compiled a list provided by investigators of some of the funders of the component studies in this analysis. I.W. was supported by the Medical Research Council Unit Programme MC_UU_12023/21. M.K. is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Veni grant (Veni, 91616079). J.P. is supported by Erasmus Mundus Western Balkans (ERAWEB), a project funded by the European Commission.
Published: 2019

22. National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio : a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries

Author: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), [missing], Taddei, Cristina, Jackson, Rod, Zhou, Bin, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Bentham, James, Bennett, James E, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Cifkova, Renata, Dallongeville, Jean, DeBacquer, Dirk, Giampaoli, Simona, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Khang, Young-Ho, Laatikainen, Tiina, Mann, JimI, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Mensah, George A, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Petkeviciene, Janina, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Servais, Jennifer, Söderberg, Stefan, Stavreski, Bill, Wilsgaard, Tom, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zhao, Dong, Stevens, Gretchen A, Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J, Riley, Leanne M, Ezzati, Majid, Adams, Robert J, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Ariansen, Inger, Arveiler, Dominique, Aspelund, Thor, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicová, Mária, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Bata, Iqbal, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bi, Yufang, Bienek, Asako, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bo, Simona, Boehm, Bernhard O, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Borghs, Herman, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Bruno, Graziella, Busch, Markus A, Cabrera de León, Antonio, Capuano, Vincenzo, Casanueva, Felipe F, Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A, Censi, Laura, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cooper, Cyrus, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Crujeiras, Ana B, Cui, Liufu, D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dauchet, Luc, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, De Smedt, Delphine, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valérie, DiCastelnuovo, Augusto, Dobson, Annette J, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Döring, Angela, Drygas, Wojciech, Du, Yong, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, Elosua, Roberto, Eriksson, Johan G, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Frontera, Guillermo, Fujita, Yuki, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goltzman, David, GonzalezGross, Marcela, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Grabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guallar-Castillón, Pilar, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Guessous, Idris, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hardy, Rebecca, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Herrala, Sauli, TapaniHihtaniemi, Ilpo, Hobbs, Michael, Hopman, Wilma M, MaríaHuerta, José, Huybrechts, Inge, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G, Ikeda, Nayu, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, QiangJiang, Chao, Joffres, Michel, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Kajantie, Eero O, Kauhanen, Jussi, Keil, Ulrich, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kersting, Mathilde, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Ko, Stephanie, Kolle, Elin, Korpelainen, Raija, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Krokstad, Steinar, Kujala, Urho M, Kurjata, Pawel, HingLam, Tai, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Laugsand, Lars E, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Jing, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lorbeer, Roberto, EugenioLozano, José, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Manzato, Enzo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Metcalf, Patricia, Mi, Jie, Miller, Jody C, Moreno, Luis A, Morin, Suzanne, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Muiesan, Maria L, Mursu, Jaakko, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nauck, Matthias, MariaNavarrete-Muñoz, Eva, Neal, William A, Nenko, Ilona, Niiranen, Teemu J, Ning, Guang, Noale, Marianna, Norie, Sawada, Noto, Davide, O'Neill, Terence, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oh, Kyungwon, Olafsson, Örn, MichelPaccaud, Fred, Pajak, Andrzej, Palmieri, Luigi, Panza, Francesco, Parnell, Winsome R, Peltonen, Markku, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Pigeot, Iris, Pilotto, Lorenza, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Porta, Miquel, Price, Jacqueline F, Puder, Jardena J, Puhakka, Soile E, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Raitakari, Olli, Ramos, Rafel, Redon, Josep, Rigo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, MaríadelCristo, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G R, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Rutkowski, Marcin, Salanave, Benoit, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sans, Susana, Saramies, Jouko L, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Scheidt-Nave, Christa, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schöttker, Ben, Sebert, Sylvain, Sen, Abhijit, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, WookShin, Dong, Shiri, Rahman, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Sundström, Johan, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, JooTan, Eng, Taylor, Anne, Tell, Grethe, Thijs, Lutgarde, Tolonen, HannaK, Topór-Madry, Roman, JoséTormo, María, Torrent, Maties, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tzourio, Christophe, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Van Herck, Koen, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Veronesi, Giovanni, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, JyrkiK, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Wagner, Aline, Wagner, Anne, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, XingWang, Ya, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wei, Wenbin, Whincup, Peter H, Wiecek, Andrzej, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Andrew, Woodward, Mark, GiwercmanWu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Zambon, Sabina, Zhao, Wenhua, Imperial College London, University of Auckland [Auckland], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Middlesex University, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], University of Kent [Canterbury], Mahidol University [Bangkok], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Icelandic Heart Association [Kopavogur, Iceland] (IHA), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Umeå University, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Medical University of Gdańsk, Capital University of Medical Sciences [Beijing] (CUMS), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Adelaide, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Norwegian School of Sport Sciences = Norges idrettshøgskole [Oslo] (NIH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], University of Oulu, Regional Authority of Public Health [Slovaquia] (RAPH), Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic [Slovaquia], Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Dalhousie University [Halifax], The University of Sydney, Public Health Agency of Canada, University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Turin, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S.), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]-Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Faculté de Médecine [Rangueil], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Silesia in Katowice, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Southampton, Biomolécules et inflammation pulmonaire, Service d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], University of Queensland [Brisbane], IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Manchester [Manchester], Kindai University, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Bergen (UiB), Tulane University, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Oulu University Hospital [Oulu], The University of Western Australia (UWA), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Niigata University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), University of Eastern Finland, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Universitätsklinikum Ulm - University Hospital of Ulm, University of Jyväskylä (JYU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere [Finland], West Virginia University [Morgantown], University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Peking University [Shenzhen], The Jikei University School of Medicine, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AUSTRALIA), Universita degli Studi di Padova, University of Edinburgh, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology [Warsaw] (IIMCB), Università degli Studi di Brescia [Brescia], Konan University [Kobe, Japan], University of Turku, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Epidemiology, Health Economics and Public Health, UMR 558 INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Unité de Surveillance et d'Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (USEN), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain, parent, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for plasma research, Institute for Plasma Research, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University [Lund], Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Applied Food Science, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology [Louvain, Belgique], Studies Coordinating Centre [Louvain, Belgique], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), National Cancer Center, University of Kuopio, Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et métabolique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Tampere University, Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Internal Medicine, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Epidemiologia Ambiental, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)-Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) of Pamplona-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Medical University of Silesia (SUM), University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Hygiene Warsaw, The Georges Institute for International Health, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Grant numbers 101506/Z/13/Z and Research Training Fellowship 203616/Z/16/Z, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (grant number 15-27109A), UAM. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología, HUS Children and Adolescents, Department of Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Taddei, C, Zhou, B, Bixby, H, Danaei, G, Di Cesare, M, Kuulasmaa, K, Hajifathalian, K, Bentham, J, Bennett, JE, Aekplakorn, W, Cifkova, R, Dallongeville, J, DeBacquer, D, Giampaoli, S, Gudnason, V, Khang, Y-O, Laatikainen, T, Mann, JI, Marques-Vidal, P, Mensah, GA, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Ninomiya, T, Petkeviciene, J, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, Servais, J, Söderberg, S, Stavreski, B, Wilsgaard, T, Zdrojewski, T, Zhao, D, Stevens, GA, Savin, S, Cowan, Mj, Riley, LM, Ezzati, M, Adams, R, Ahrens, W, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Anderssen, SA, Ariansen, I, Arveiler, D, Aspelund, T, Auvinen, A, Avdicová, M, Banach, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas. JR, Barbagallo, CM, Bata, I, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Bennet, JE, Bernotiene, G, Bi, Y, Bienek, A, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Boehm, BO, Bonaccio, M, Bongard, V, Borchini, R, Borghs, H, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Bruno, G, Busch, MA, CabreradeLeón, A, Capuano, V, Casanueva, FF, Casas, J-P, Caserta, CA, Censi, L, Chen, F, Chen, S, Chirlaque, M-D, Cho, B, Cho, Y, Chudek, J, Claessens, F, Clarke, J, Clays, E, Cooper, C, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell C, Crujeiras, AB, Cui, L, D'Arrigo, G, Dauchet, L, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, De Smedt, D, Dennison, E, Desschamps, V, Di Castelnuovo, A, Dobson, AJ, Donfrancesco, C, Döring, A, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Du, Y, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Eggertsen, R, Ekelund, U, Elousa, R, Eriksson, JG, Evans, A, Faeh, D, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrari, M, Ferrieres, J, Finn, JD, Forslund, A-S, Forsner, M, Frontera, G, Fujita, Y, Gaciong, Z, Galvano, F, Gao, J, Garcia-de-la-Hera, M, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasul, L, Gates, L, Gianfagna, F, Gill, TK, Giovannelli, J, Goltzman, D, GonzalezGross, M, Gottrand, F, Graff-Iversen, S, Grafnetter, D, Gregor, RD, Grodzicki, T, Grosso, G, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guallar-Castillón, P, Gudmundsson, EF, Guessous, I, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gutzwiller, F, Hardy, R, Hata, J, Haugsgjerd, T, Hayes, AJ, He, H, He, Y, Herrala, S, Hihtaniemi, IP, Hobbs, M, Hopman, WM, Huerta, JM, Huybrechts, I, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ikeda, N, Iwasaki, M, Jackson, R, Jamrozi, K, Janszky, I, Jarvelin, M-R, Jasienska, G, Jennings, G, Jeong, S-L, Jiang, CQ, Joffres, M, Jokelainen, JJ, Jonas, JB, Jóźwiak, J, Kajantie, EO, Kauhanen, K, Keil, U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kersting, M, Khang, Y-H, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U, Kiechl, S, Kim, J, Kim, Y-Y, Klumbiene, J, Knoflach, M, Ko, S, Kolle, E, Korpelainen, R, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Kratzer, W, Kriemler, S, Krokstad, S, Kujala,UM, Kurjata, P, Lam, TH, Lanska, V, Lappas , G, Laugsand, LE, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Li, Y, Lilly, C, Lin, X, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, J, Lopez-Garcia, E, Lorbeer, R, Lozano, JE, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lundqvist, R, Lytsy, P, Ma, G, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Manzato, E, Mathiesen, EB, McLachlan, S, McLean, RM, Meirhaeghe, A, Metcalf, P, Mi, JM, Miller, JC, Moreno, LA, Morin, S, Mossakowska, M, Muiesan, ML, Mursu, J, Nakamura, H, Námešná, J, Navarrete-Muñoz, EM, Neal, WA, Nenko, I, Niiranen, T, Ning, G, Noale, M, Norie, S, Noto, Davide, O’Neill, T, O'Reilly, D, Oh, K, Olafsson, O, Paccaud, F, Pajak, A, Palmieri, L, Panza, F, Parnell, WR, Peltonen, M, Peters, A, Petersmann, A, P Pigeot, I, Pilotto, L, Piwonska, A, Pedro Plans-Rubió, P, Porta, M, Price, JF, Puder, JJ, Puhakka, SE, Radisauskas, R, Raitakari, O, Ramos, R, Redon, J, Rigo, F, Rodriguez-Perez, MdC, Romaguera, D, Ronkainen, K, Rosengren, A, Roy, JGR, Ruidavets, JB, Rutkowski, M, Salanave, B, Salmeron, D, Salomaa, V, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Sans, S, Saramies, JL, Saum, K-U, Scheidt-Nave, C, Schienkiewitz, A, Schipf, S, Schmidt, CO, Schottker, B, Sebert S, Sen, A, Shaw, JE, Shibuya, K, Shin, DO, Shiri, R, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjostrom, M, Slowikowska-Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soumare, A, Staessen, JA, Stathopoulou, MG, Steene-Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stieber, J, Stöckl, D, Stokwiszewski, J, Sundström, J, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Tamosiunas, A, Tan, E, Taylor, A, Tell, G, Thijs, L, Tolonen, HK, Topór-Madry, R, Tormo, MJ, Torrent, M, Tsugane, S, Tuomainen, T-P, Tuomilehto, J, Tzourio, C, Uusitalo, HMT, Van Herck, K, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Vatten, L, Vega, T, Veronesi, G, Vioque, P, Virtanen, JK, Visvikis-Siest, S, Vollenweider, P, Voutilainen, S, Vrijheid, M, Wagner, A, Wang, M-D, Wang, Q, Wang YX, Wannamethee, SG, Wei, W, Whincup, PH, Wiecek, A, Willeit, J, Willeit, P, Wojtyniak, B, Wong, A, Woodward, M, Wu, FC, JianFeng Wu, JF, Wu, SL, Xu, H, Xu, L, Yan, W, Yang, X, Ye, X, Yoshihara, A, Zambon, S, Zhao, W, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Jackson, R., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Danaei, G., Di Cesare, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Bennett, J.E., Aekplakorn, W., Cifkova, R., Dallongeville, J., DeBacquer, D., Giampaoli, S., Gudnason, V., Khang, Y.H., Laatikainen, T., Mann, J., Marques-Vidal, P., Mensah, G.A., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Ninomiya, T., Petkeviciene, J., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Servais, J., Söderberg, S., Stavreski, B., Wilsgaard, T., Zdrojewski, T., Zhao, D., Stevens, G.A., Savin, S., Cowan, M.J., Riley, L.M., Ezzati, M., Adams, R.J., Ahrens, W., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Anderssen, S.A., Ariansen, I., Arveiler, D., Aspelund, T., Auvinen, J., Avdicová, M., Banach, M., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Bata, I., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Bernotiene, G., Bi, Y., Bienek, A., Björkelund, C., Bo, S., Boehm, B.O., Bonaccio, M., Bongard, V., Borchini, R., Borghs, H., Breckenkamp, J., Brenner, H., Bruno, G., Busch, M.A., Cabrera de León, A., Capuano, V., Casanueva, F.F., Casas, J.P., Caserta, C.A., Censi, L., Chen, F., Chen, 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Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Kyushu University, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs), Service Epidémiologie clinique et santé publique [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, University of Helsinki, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, and University of Helsinki, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
Subjects: Male, gupo de ascendencia continental asiática, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Total Cholesterol, Ldl Cholesterol, Hdl Cholesterol, Blood Lipids, Multi-country Study, Epidemiology, kolesteroli, humanos, Blood lipids, BLOOD-PRESSURE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, triglicéridos, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, High-density lipoprotein, HDL cholesterol, Medicine and Health Sciences, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, mediana edad, lípidos, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, 2. Zero hunger, anciano, education.field_of_study, Age Factors, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, colesterol, adulto, kansainvälinen vertailu, Lipids, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Europe, Cholesterol, Population Surveillance, LDL cholesterol, SERUM-LIPIDS, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Canada, Total cholesterol, blood lipids, multi-country study, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Medicina, European Continental Ancestry Group, Population, Nursing, HDL-kolesteroli, White People, DIETARY-FAT, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Asian People, kansanterveys, vigilancia de la población, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, ddc:610, LDL-kolesteroli, education, Triglycerides, METAANALYSIS, Aged, INDIVIDUAL DATA, Science & Technology, business.industry, Omvårdnad, blood lipid, Cholesterol, HDL, Ecological study, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, United States, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Cholesterol/blood, Lipids/blood, Population Surveillance/methods, Triglycerides/blood, chemistry, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Multi-country study, grupo de ascendencia continental europea, business, HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Demography, Lipoprotein
Abstract: Artículo con numerosos autores. Sólo quedan reflejados el primero, los pertenecientes a la UAM y el colectivo, Background: Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods: We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results: Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions: HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol., This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant numbers 101506/Z/13/Z and Research Training Fellowship 203616/Z/16/Z). R.C. acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (grant number 15-27109A)
Published: 2020

23. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Author: Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K, Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J, Iurilli, Maria LC, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Gregg, Edward W, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Baran, Joanna, 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Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zuziak, Monika, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 774548, Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli ML, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, 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Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Baran J, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJ, Barros MVG, Basit A, Bastos JLD, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benedics J, Benet M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bi H, Bi Y, Bia D, Bika Lele EC, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Bogova E, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Bovet P, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MC, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Brinduse L, Brophy S, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, Cabrera de León A, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Capková N, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Cesar JA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Che Abdul Rahim N, Chen C-J, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng C-Y, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou S-T, Chirlaque M-D, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Corpeleijn E, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cucu AM, Cui L, Cureau FV, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dacica L, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro V, Jr, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deren K, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HT, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duda RB, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Enguerran M, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Farzadfar F, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz J-M, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea O-F, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando M-E, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøholt EK, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Gualtieri A, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter MJ, Guo X-H, Guo Y, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutiérrez-González E, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou CA, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hange D, Hanif AA, Hantunen S, Hari Kumar R, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, He Y, Heidinger-Felso R, Heinen M, Hejgaard T, Hendriks ME, Henrique RDS, Henriques A, Hernandez Cadena L, Herrala S, Herrera VM, Herter-Aeberli I, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Holden Bergh I, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Homs C, Hopman WM, Horimoto AR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huidumac Petrescu C, Husseini A, Huu CN, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Ibarluzea JM, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin M-R, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel K-H, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jovic DP, Józwiak JJ, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jurca Simina I, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HC, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khaw K-T, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IM, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Klakk H, Klimek M, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Korzycka M, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kovacs VA, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Krtalic B, Kruger HS, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kujala UM, Kujundzic E, Kulaga Z, Kumar RK, Kunešová M, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Lambrinou C-P, Landais E, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Lauria L, Lazo-Porras M, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le Port A, Le TD, Lee J, Lee J, Lee PH, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Levitt NS, Li Y, Liivak M, Lilly CL, Lim W-Y, Lima-Costa MF, Lin H-H, Lin X, Lin Y-T, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Liu L, Lo W-C, Loit H-M, Long KQ, Lopes L, Lopes O, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Lukrafka JL, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lunet N, Lunogelo C, Lustigová M, Luszczki E, Ma G, Ma J, Ma X, Machado-Coelho GL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Machi S, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magnacca S, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Mäki P, Malekzadeh F, Malhotra R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Malyutina SK, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Markaki A, Markey O, Markidou Ioannidou E, Marques-Vidal P, Marques LP, Marrugat J, Martin-Prevel Y, Martin R, Martorell R, Martos E, Marventano S, Mascarenhas LP, Masoodi SR, Mathiesen EB, Mathur P, Matijasevich A, Matsha TE, Mavrogianni C, Mazur A, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GB, Menzano MT, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Milkowska K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Mirjalili MR, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohamed SF, Mohammad K, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Molbo D, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monroy-Valle M, Monterrubio-Flores E, Monyeki KDK, Moosazadeh M, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota-Pinto A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Moura-dos-Santos MA, Mridha MK, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Mukhtorova P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musa KI, Music Milanovic S, Musil V, Mustafa N, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nelis K, Nelis L, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Nguyen CT, Nguyen D, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nikitin YP, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Nogueira H, Norat T, Nordendahl M, Nordestgaard BG, Noto D, Nowak-Szczepanska N, Nsour MA, Nuhoglu I, Nurk E, O'Neill TW, O'Reilly D, Obreja G, Ochimana C, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oda E, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohlsson C, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Ortiz PJ, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pagkalos I, Pahomova E, Paiva KMD, Pajak A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan W-H, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park S-W, Park S, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Pasquet P, Patel ND, Pednekar MS, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peres MA, Pérez-Farinós N, Pérez CM, Peterkova V, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Pettenuzzo E, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Pop RM, Porta M, Posch G, Poudyal A, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourfarzi F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puhakka SE, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quoc Bao T, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Rahman M, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rakhimova E, Rakhmatulloev S, Rakovac I, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rarra V, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rasmussen M, Rech CR, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Revilla L, Rezaianzadeh A, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Richter A, Rigo F, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito A, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robitaille C, Roccaldo R, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MDC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Roggenbuck U, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosario RV, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JG, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets J-B, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Ruiz Moreno E, Rusakova IA, Russell Jonsson K, 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Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skodje G, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So H-K, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MY, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørgjerd EP, Sossa Jérome C, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanovic R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suka M, Sun C-A, Sundström J, Sung Y-T, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Syddall HE, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Szponar L, Tai ES, Tammesoo M-L, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taxová Braunerová R, Taylor A, Taylor J, 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Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TG, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EO, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley Júnior RDS, Wang M-D, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang Y-W, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Yasuharu T, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You S-L, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang Z-Y, Zhao D, Zhao M-H, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zocalo Y, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Zuziak M, Ezzati M, Tampere University, Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Eye Centre, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Global Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, Public and occupational health, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Adult Psychiatry, Global Health, APH - Methodology, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Rodriguez-Martinez A., Zhou B., Sophiea M.K., Bentham J., Paciorek C.J., Iurilli M.L., Carrillo-Larco R.M., Bennett J.E., Di Cesare M., Taddei C., Bixby H., Stevens G.A., Riley L.M., Cowan M.J., Savin S., Danaei G., Chirita-Emandi A., Kengne A.P., Khang Y.-H., Laxmaiah A., Malekzadeh R., Miranda J.J., Moon J.S., Popovic S.R., Sorensen T.I., Soric M., Starc G., Zainuddin A.A., Gregg 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Uysal N., Vaitkeviciute J., Valdivia G., Vale S., Valvi D., van Dam R.M., Van der Heyden J., van der Schouw Y.T., Van Herck K., Van Minh H., van Valkengoed I.G., Vanderschueren D., Vanuzzo D., Varbo A., Varela-Moreiras G., Varona-Perez P., Vasan S.K., Vega T., Veidebaum T., Velasquez-Melendez G., Velika B., Veronesi G., Verschuren W.M., Victora C.G., Viegi G., Viet L., Villalpando S., Vineis P., Vioque J., Virtanen J.K., Visser M., Visvikis-Siest S., Viswanathan B., Vladulescu M., Vlasoff T., Vocanec D., Volzke H., Voutilainen A., Voutilainen S., Vrijheid M., Vrijkotte T.G., Wade A.N., Wagner A., Waldhor T., Walton J., Wambiya E.O., Wan Bebakar W.M., Wan Mohamud W.N., Wanderley Junior R.D.S., Wang M.-D., Wang N., Wang Q., Wang X., Wang Y.X., Wang Y.-W., Wannamethee S.G., Wareham N., Weber A., Wedderkopp N., Weerasekera D., Weghuber D., Wei W., Weres A., Werner B., Whincup P.H., Widhalm K., Widyahening I.S., Wiecek A., Wilks R.J., Willeit J., Willeit P., Williams J., Wilsgaard T., Wojtyniak B., Wong-McClure R.A., Wong A., Wong J.E., Wong T.Y., Woo J., Woodward M., Wu F.C., Wu J., Wu L.J., Wu S., Xu H., Xu L., Yaacob N.A., Yamborisut U., Yan W., Yang L., Yang X., Yang Y., Yardim N., Yaseri M., Yasuharu T., Ye X., Yiallouros P.K., Yoosefi M., Yoshihara A., You Q.S., You S.-L., Younger-Coleman N.O., Yusof S.M., Yusoff A.F., Zaccagni L., Zafiropulos V., Zakavi S.R., Zamani F., Zambon S., Zampelas A., Zamrazilova H., Zapata M.E., Zargar A.H., Zaw K.K., Zdrojewski T., Zeljkovic Vrkic T., Zeng Y., Zhang L., Zhang Z.-Y., Zhao D., Zhao M.-H., Zhao W., Zhen S., Zheng W., Zheng Y., Zholdin B., Zhou M., Zhu D., Zocalo Y., Zuniga Cisneros J., Zuziak M., and Ezzati M.
Subjects: Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed
Published: 2020

24. Investigation of a possible association of potentially inappropriate medication for older adults and frailty in a prospective cohort study from Germany

Author: Muhlack, Dana Clarissa, primary, Hoppe, Liesa Katharina, additional, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Haefeli, Walter E, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, and Schöttker, Ben, additional
Published: 2019
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25. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author: Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Ängquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assunção, Maria Cecília F., Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Björkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as), Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Hélène, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Föger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., do Carmo Franco, Maria, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Gonçalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P., Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Hari Kumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Elisabeth, Marleen, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Than Htike, Maung Maung, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, al-Safi Ismail, Aziz, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Krishna Kumar, R., Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, León-Muñoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, José Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Cláudia S., Francisco, Juan, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Møllehave, Line T., Møller, Niels C., Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Esmaeel Motlagh, Mohammad, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A., Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F., Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. 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Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C, Snijder, Marieke B, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Soric, Maroje, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Shyong Tai, E, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Matie, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T H, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene G M, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lar, Vega, Toma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Monique Verschuren, W M, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Justin Y Y, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology [Shanghai, China] (CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science), Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology [Shanghai, China]-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Shanghai, China], Imperial College London, University of Kentucky, Middlesex University, Cleveland Clinic, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Brandeis University, Mulago Hospital [Kampala, Ouganda], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), World Health Organisation (WHO), Al-Quds University, Discipline of Medicine, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Centre for Industrial Management, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Dept. Atherosclerose, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Technical University of Lisbon, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Ufa Eye Research Institute [Bashkortostan], National Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne university hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Medical Sciences [Turin, Italy] (DMS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), ASU - School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Oxford [Oxford], Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red especializado en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Los Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-IRC KULAK, Department of Public Health, State University of Ghent, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit [Southampton, UK], University of Southampton, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC, Institut National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire (INNTA), University of Huddersfield, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Medstar Research Institute, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Medical Research Council, Applied Sciences, National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Department of Epidemiology [Rotterdam], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mammifères Marins (LEMM), Océanopolis [Brest], Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Centro Investig Quim Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, Centro Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], Health Services Research Unit, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University College of London [London] (UCL), The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, School of Information Technology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Faculté de Médecine, Université Djilali Liabès [Sidi-Bel-Abbès], Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Research Center for Prevention and Health, University of Ljubljana, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Crete School of medicine, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Oncology, University of Tampere Medical School, University of Tampere, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre for Environmental Health, National Institue of Public Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), INRAN, National University of Singapore (NUS), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Earthquake Science, CEA, Beijing, CEA, Beijing, University of Porto Medical School, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aging Program, National research council, Padua, Italy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institute of Internal Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Départment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Oran Es-Senia [Oran] | Université d'Oran Es-Senia [Oran], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Tartu, Department of Community, Université Ain Shams-Faculty of Medicine-Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pécsi Tudemányegyetem, Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Université Ain Shams, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry [Ulm, Allemagne], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, MRc Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Cardiology, Eastbourne General Hospital, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Movement Disorders and Tourette Centre, Genetica medicala, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tampere University Hospital, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain, parent, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], University of São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute for plasma research, Institute for Plasma Research, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC - Academic medical center, Central Hospital and Faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences university, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, School of Computing [Leeds], University of Leeds, Copenhagen University Hospital, Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Food Science, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Social Medecine, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences [Leuven], Cancer Epidemiology Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion (MONICA Data Centre), National Public Health Institute, Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Havard School of Public Health, Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School [Athens], University of Kuopio, Tampere University, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam, Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Catholic University of Leuven, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition [Kuopio, Finland], Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Hygiene Warsaw, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Food Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CAE-NUAA), NUAA, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z]., NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). We thank WHO country and regional offices and the World Heart Federation for support in data identification and access., Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Turin, Universidade do Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University Diabetes Centre-Lund University [Lund], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Kentucky (UK), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Lausanne University Hospital, University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Giampaoli, Simona [0000-0002-6679-1488], Moschonis, George [0000-0003-3009-6675], Papandreou, Dimitrios [0000-0002-4923-484X], Stathopoulou, Maria G. [0000-0003-4376-2083], Stergiou, George S. [0000-0002-6132-0038], Trichopoulou, Antonia [0000-0002-7204-6396], Valvi, Damaskini [0000-0003-4633-229X], Chen, Z, Woodward, M, Key, T, and Smith, M
Subjects: systolic blood pressure, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, blood pressure measurement, HEALTH EXAMINATION SURVEYS, Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Population Health, Global Health, Non-communicable Disease, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], global health, South Asia, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], kohonnut verenpaine, Medicine and Health Sciences, middle income country, measurement method, skin and connective tissue diseases, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Kardiologi: 771, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, adult, Population health, public health, blood pressure regulation, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Non-communicable disease, kansainvälinen vertailu, health survey, aged, female, priority journal, Blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, GLOBAL TRENDS, SODIUM-INTAKE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, survey design, hypertension, prevalence, Global health, UNITED-STATES, URBAN COMMUNITIES, Article, SECULAR TRENDS, Middle East, Central Asia, male, disease prevalence, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, kansanterveys, blood, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, human, verenpainetauti, non-communicable disease, Science & Technology, Pacific Ocean, high income country, diastolic blood pressure, Pacific Rim, Blood Pressure - Epidemiology - Population, North Africa, major clinical study, HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE, verenpaine, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, POTASSIUM INTAKE, sense organs, trend analysis, trend study, population research, population health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, low income country
Abstract: Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups., This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z].
Published: 2018

26. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author: Abarca-GÃ³mez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Acuin, Cecilia, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Al Buhairan, Fadia, Al Dhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Andrade, Dolores S, Ã„ngquist, Lars H, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, AraÃºjo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, AssunÃ§Ã£o, Maria CecÃlia F, Aung, May Soe, AvdicovÃ¡, MÃ¡ria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, JosÃ© R, Barbagallo, Carlo M, BarcelÃ³, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro VG, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Bennett, James E, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bhatti, Zaid, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Biehl, Anna, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, BjÃ¶rkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn CE, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, JoÃ£o, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as), Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de LeÃ³n, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, JosÃ©, Can, GÃ¼nay, CÃ¢ndido, Ana Paula C, Capanzana, Mario, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carvalho, Maria J, Casanueva, Felipe F, Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, MarÃa-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crujeiras, Ana B, CUCU, ALEXANDRA, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T, Danaei, Goodarz, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, Karin, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, HÃ©lÃne, Delpeuch, Francis, Deschamps, ValÃ©rie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, DÃ¶ring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, 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Hannu MT, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lar, Vega, Toma, Veidebaum, Tooma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Victora, Cesar G, Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Vã¶lzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhã¶r, Thoma, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, 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León-Muñoz, Luz M, Li, Yanping, Lozano, José Eugenio, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Meisfjord, Jørgen, Mi, Jie, Minderico, Cláudia S, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Møllehave, Line T, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Déne, Mu, Thet Thet, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Námešná, Jana, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Oh, Kyungwon, Olafsson, Örn, Pérez, Cynthia M, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Rühli, Frank J, Salmerón, Diego, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, null, Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Stöckl, Dori, Suárez-Medina, Ramón, Sundström, Johan, Sy, Rody G, Braunerová, Radka Taxová, Tchibindat, Félicité, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Völzke, Henry, Waldhör, Thoma, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Ye, Xingwang, Zamrazilová, Hana, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, and Lu, Yuan
Subjects: Male, obesity, Pediatric Obesity, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, age distribution, Bayes theorem, Niue, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], global health, preschool child, Body Mass Index, underweight, Prevalence, statistics and numerical data, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Medicine (all), adult, Age Factors, American Samoa, female, priority journal, Child, Preschool, body height, young adult, Cook Islands, Nauru, childhood obesity, Adolescent, Palau, sex difference, Eastern Europe, adolescent obesity, Article, Polynesia, South and Central America, body weight, Federated States of Micronesia, Sex Factors, Thinness, geographic distribution, Humans, controlled study, human, Caribbean, Overweight, North Africa, major clinical study, body mass, United States, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], age, sex factor, trend study
Abstract: © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5–19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5–19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (−0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval −0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69–1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64–1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (−0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50–1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4–1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8–6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5–1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7–9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0–12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8–10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4–19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3–14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7–29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5–38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44–117) million girls and 117 (70–178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24–89) million girls and 74 (39–125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. Funding Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
Published: 2017

27. A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals

Author: Wuttke, Matthias, Li, Yong, Li, Man, Sieber, Karsten B., Feitosa, Mary F., Gorski, Mathias, Tin, Adrienne, Wang, Lihua, Chu, Audrey Y., Hoppmann, Anselm, Kirsten, Holger, Giri, Ayush, Chai, Jin-Fang, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Tayo, Bamidele O., Nutile, Teresa, Fuchsberger, Christian, Marten, Jonathan, Cocca, Massimiliano, Ghasemi, Sahar, Xu, Yizhe, Horn, Katrin, Noce, Damia, van der Most, Peter J., Sedaghat, Sanaz, Yu, Zhi, Akiyama, Masato, Afaq, Saima, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Almgren, Peter, Amin, Najaf, Ärnlöv, Johan, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Bansal, Nisha, Baptista, Daniela, Bergmann, Sven, Biggs, Mary L., Biino, Ginevra, Boehnke, Michael, Boerwinkle, Eric, Boissel, Mathilde, Bottinger, Erwin P., Boutin, Thibaud S., Brenner, Hermann, Brumat, Marco, Burkhardt, Ralph, Butterworth, Adam S., Campana, Eric, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Canouil, Mickaël, Carroll, Robert J., Catamo, Eulalia, Chambers, John C., Chee, Miao-Ling, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Xu, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Yurong, Christensen, Kaare, Cifkova, Renata, Ciullo, Marina, Pina Concas, Maria, Cook, James P., Coresh, Josef, Corre, Tanguy, Sala, Cinzia Felicita, Cusi, Daniele, Danesh, John, Daw, E. Warwick, de Borst, Martin H., De Grandi, Alessandro, de Mutsert, Renée, de Vries, Aiko P. J., Degenhardt, Frauke, Delgado, Graciela, Demirkan, Ayse, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Dittrich, Katalin, Divers, Jasmin, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Ehret, Georg, Elliott, Paul, Endlich, Karlhans, Evans, Michele K., Felix, Janine F., Foo, Valencia Hui Xian, Franco, Oscar H., Franke, Andre, Freedman, Barry I., Freitag-Wolf, Sandra, Friedlander, Yechiel, Froguel, Philippe, Gansevoort, Ron T., Gao, He, Gasparini, Paolo, Gaziano, J. Michael, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Giulianini, Franco, Gögele, Martin, Gordon, Scott D., Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Haller, Toomas, Hamet, Pavel, Harris, Tamara B., Hartman, Catharina A., Hayward, Caroline, Hellwege, Jacklyn N., Heng, Chew-Kiat, Hickst, Andrew A., Hofer, Edith, Huang, Wei, Hutri-Kähönen, Nina, Hwang, Shih-Jen, ikram, M. Arfan, indridason, Olafur S., Ingelsson, Erik, ising, Marcus, Jaddoe, Vincent W. 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L., Thomsen, Hauke, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Toniolo, Daniela, Tönjes, Anke, Tremblay, Johanne, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Uitterlinden, André G., Vaccargiu, Simona, van Dam, Rob M., van der Harst, Pim, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Velez Edward, Digna R., Verweij, Niek, Vogelezang, suzanne, Völker, üwe, Vollenweider, Peter, Waeber, Gerard, Waldenberger, Melanie, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Chaolong, Waterworth, Dawn M., Bin Wei, Wen, White, Harvey, Whitfield, John B., Wild, Sarah H., Wilson, James F., Wojczynski, Mary K., Wong, Charlene, Wong, Tien-Yin, Xu, Liang, Yang, Qiong, Yasuda, Masayuki, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Zhang, Weihua, Zonderman, Alan B., Rotter, Jerome I., Bochud, Murielle, Psaty, Bruce M., Vitart, Veronique, Wilson, James G., Dehghan, Abbas, Parsa, Afshin, Chasman, Daniel I., Ho, Kevin, Morris, Andrew P., Devuyst, Olivier, Akilesh, Shreeram, Pendergrass, Sarah A., Sim, Xueling, Böger, Carsten A., Okada, Yukinori, Edwards, Todd L., Snieder, Harold, Stefansson, Kari, Hung, Adriana M., Heid, Iris M., Markus Scholz, Teumer, Alexander, Köttgen, Anna, Pattaro, Cristian, Groningen Institute for Organ Transplantation (GIOT), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, Erasmus MC other, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, APH - Digital Health, Wuttke, M, Li, Y, Li, M, Sieber, Kb, Feitosa, Mf, Gorski, M, Tin, A, Wang, L, Chu, Ay, Hoppmann, A, Kirsten, H, Giri, A, Chai, Jf, Sveinbjornsson, G, Tayo, Bo, Nutile, T, Fuchsberger, C, Marten, J, Cocca, M, Ghasemi, S, Xu, Y, Horn, K, Noce, D, van der Most, Pj, Sedaghat, S, Yu, Z, Akiyama, M, Afaq, S, Ahluwalia, T, Almgren, P, Amin, N, Ärnlöv, J, Bakker, Sjl, Bansal, N, Baptista, D, Bergmann, S, Biggs, Ml, Biino, G, Boehnke, M, Boerwinkle, E, Boissel, M, Bottinger, Ep, Boutin, T, Brenner, H, Brumat, M, Burkhardt, R, Butterworth, A, Campana, Eric, Campbell, A, Campbell, H, Canouil, M, Carroll, Rj, Catamo, E, Chambers, Jc, Chee, Ml, Chen, X, Cheng, Cy, Cheng, Y, Christensen, K, Cifkova, R, Ciullo, M, Concas, Mp, Cook, Jp, Coresh, J, Corre, T, Sala, Cf, Cusi, D, Danesh, J, Daw, Ew, de Borst, Mh, De Grandi, A, de Mutsert, R, de Vries, Apj, Degenhardt, F, Delgado, G, Demirkan, A, Di Angelantonio, E, Dittrich, K, Divers, J, Dorajoo, R, Eckardt, Ku, Ehret, G, Elliott, P, Endlich, K, Evans, Mk, Felix, Jf, Foo, Vhx, Franco, Oh, Franke, A, Freedman, Bi, Freitag-Wolf, S, Friedlander, Y, Froguel, P, Gansevoort, Rt, Gao, H, Gasparini, P, Gaziano, Jm, Giedraitis, V, Gieger, C, Girotto, G, Giulianini, F, Gögele, M, Gordon, Sd, Gudbjartsson, Df, Gudnason, V, Haller, T, Hamet, P, Harris, Tb, Hartman, Ca, Hayward, C, Hellwege, Jn, Heng, Ck, Hicks, Aa, Hofer, E, Huang, W, Hutri-Kähönen, N, Hwang, Sj, Ikram, Ma, Indridason, O, Ingelsson, E, Ising, M, Jaddoe, Vwv, Jakobsdottir, J, Jonas, Jb, Joshi, Pk, Josyula, N, Jung, B, Kähönen, M, Kamatani, Y, Kammerer, Cm, Kanai, M, Kastarinen, M, Kerr, Sm, Khor, Cc, Kiess, W, Kleber, Me, Koenig, W, Kooner, J, Körner, A, Kovacs, P, Kraja, At, Krajcoviechova, A, Kramer, H, Krämer, Bk, Kronenberg, F, Kubo, M, Kühnel, B, Kuokkanen, M, Kuusisto, J, La Bianca, M, Laakso, M, Lange, La, Langefeld, Cd, Lee, Jj, Lehne, B, Lehtimäki, T, Lieb, W, Lifelines Cohort, Study, Lim, Sc, Lind, L, Lindgren, Cm, Liu, J, Loeffler, M, Loos, Rjf, Lucae, S, Lukas, Ma, Lyytikäinen, Lp, Mägi, R, Magnusson, Pke, Mahajan, A, Martin, Ng, Martins, J, März, W, Mascalzoni, D, Matsuda, K, Meisinger, C, Meitinger, T, Melander, O, Metspalu, A, Mikaelsdottir, Ek, Milaneschi, Y, Miliku, K, Mishra, Pp, V. A., Million Veteran Program, Mohlke, Kl, Mononen, N, Montgomery, Gw, Mook-Kanamori, Do, Mychaleckyj, Jc, Nadkarni, Gn, Nalls, Ma, Nauck, M, Nikus, K, Ning, B, Nolte, Im, Noordam, R, O'Connell, J, O'Donoghue, Ml, Olafsson, I, Oldehinkel, Aj, Orho-Melander, M, Ouwehand, Wh, Padmanabhan, S, Palmer, Nd, Palsson, R, Penninx, Bwjh, Perls, T, Perola, M, Pirastu, M, Pirastu, N, Pistis, G, Podgornaia, Ai, Polasek, O, Ponte, B, Porteous, Dj, Poulain, T, Pramstaller, Pp, Preuss, Mh, Prins, Bp, Province, Ma, Rabelink, Tj, Raffield, Lm, Raitakari, Ot, Reilly, Df, Rettig, R, Rheinberger, M, Rice, Km, Ridker, Pm, Rivadeneira, F, Rizzi, F, Roberts, Dj, Robino, A, Rossing, P, Rudan, I, Rueedi, R, Ruggiero, D, Ryan, Ka, Saba, Y, Sabanayagam, C, Salomaa, V, Salvi, E, Saum, Ku, Schmidt, H, Schmidt, R, Schöttker, B, Schulz, Ca, Schupf, N, Shaffer, Cm, Shi, Y, Smith, Av, Smith, Bh, Soranzo, N, Spracklen, Cn, Strauch, K, Stringham, Hm, Stumvoll, M, Svensson, Po, Szymczak, S, Tai, E, Tajuddin, Sm, Tan, Nyq, Taylor, Kd, Teren, A, Tham, Yc, Thiery, J, Thio, Chl, Thomsen, H, Thorleifsson, G, Toniolo, D, Tönjes, A, Tremblay, J, Tzoulaki, I, Uitterlinden, Ag, Vaccargiu, S, van Dam, Rm, van der Harst, P, van Duijn, Cm, Velez Edward, Dr, Verweij, N, Vogelezang, S, Völker, U, Vollenweider, P, Waeber, G, Waldenberger, M, Wallentin, L, Wang, Yx, Wang, C, Waterworth, Dm, Bin Wei, W, White, H, Whitfield, Jb, Wild, Sh, Wilson, Jf, Wojczynski, Mk, Wong, C, Wong, Ty, Xu, L, Yang, Q, Yasuda, M, Yerges-Armstrong, Lm, Zhang, W, Zonderman, Ab, Rotter, Ji, Bochud, M, Psaty, Bm, Vitart, V, Wilson, Jg, Dehghan, A, Parsa, A, Chasman, Di, Ho, K, Morris, Ap, Devuyst, O, Akilesh, S, Pendergrass, Sa, Sim, X, Böger, Ca, Okada, Y, Edwards, Tl, Snieder, H, Stefansson, K, Hung, Am, Heid, Im, Scholz, M, Teumer, A, Köttgen, A, and Pattaro, C.
Subjects: catalog, Inheritance Patterns, Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Kidney Function Tests, Bioinformatics, DISEASE, 0302 clinical medicine, Uromodulin/urine, kidney function, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Kidney, Genome-wide association, HERITABILITY, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, COMMON VARIANTS, RENAL-FUNCTION, TRANS-EQTLS, METAANALYSIS, TRANSPORTER, CLASSIFICATION, INTEGRATION, Chromosome Mapping, 3. Good health, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medical genetics, Common variants, Renal function, Trans-EQTLS, Metaanalysis, Heritability, Transporter, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Metaanalysi, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, European Continental Ancestry Group, Quantitative Trait Loci, Common variant, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, V. A. Million Veteran Program, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Lifelines Cohort Study, Uromodulin, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Genetic Association Studies, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Science & Technology, urogenital system, association, genetic loci, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics/physiopathology/urine, Genetic Association Studies/methods, ddc:000, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology, Genome-Wide Association Study, Kidney disease
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through trans-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these, 147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
Published: 2019

28. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Author: Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. 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M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Md Yusof S, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GBM, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Meyer HE, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Miquel JF, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadifard N, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Molbo D, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monterrubio EA, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin S, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mota J, Mota-Pinto A, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Mukhtorova P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Milanovic SM, Musil V, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Nauck M, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Neal WA, Nelis K, Nelis L, Nenko I, Nervi F, Nguyen CT, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Norat T, Norie S, Noto D, Nsour MA, Nurk E, Nyirenda M, Obreja G, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oda E, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Oltarzewski M, Omar MA, Onat A, O’Neill TW, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, O’Reilly D, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Ortiz PJ, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pagkalos I, Pahomova E, Pająk A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan W-H, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park S-W, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Patel ND, Pecin I, Pednekar MS, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Pérez CM, Perez-Farinos N, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Pop RM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Posch G, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puhakka SE, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quoc Bao T, Radhika MS, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rajkumar H, Rakhmatulloev S, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rao KM, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rasmussen M, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Revilla L, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito A, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robitaille C, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets J-B, Ruiz Moreno E, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Safiri S, Saidi O, Salanave B, Salazar-Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Santa-Marina L, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos O, Santos R, Sanz SS, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum K-U, Savva S, Savy M, Scazufca M, Schaffrath Rosario A, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schöttker B, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sein AA, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera V, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Shalnova SA, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shengelia L, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Si-Ramlee K, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Snijder MB, So H-K, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Sossa Jérome C, Soumaré A, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Sun C-A, Sundström J, Sung Y-T, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szponar L, Tai ES, Tammesoo M-L, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taxová Braunerová R, Taylor A, Tchibindat F, Tebar WR, Tell G, Tello T, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Tichá L, Timmermans EJ, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Toselli S, Traissac P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tsao Y-H, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsugane S, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen T-P, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Tynelius P, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel EE, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo HMT, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varela-Moreiras G, Varona-Pérez P, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley RS, Jr, Wang M-D, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang Y-W, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong JE, Wong TY, Wong-McClure RA, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You S-L, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine
Subjects: Male, Rural Population, obesity, Obesity, body mass index, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Letter, Urban Population, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, body-mass index, adolescente, Geographic Mapping, Sex Factor, países desarrollados, Rural Health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], systematic analysis, Body Mass Index, países en desarrollo, 80 and over, risk factors, Age Factor, physical-activity, mediana edad, mapeo geográfico, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], dieta, Age Factors, health, adulto, Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary Sciences, adulto joven, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], estado nutricional, nutrition, Science & Technology - Other Topics, NUTRITION, Female, HEALTH, pooled analysis, Diet, Healthy, worldwide trends, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Adolescent, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https], FOOD SYSTEM, Socio-culturale, Nutritional Status, URBAN, Aged, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Humans, Obesity, Sex Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, POOLED ANALYSIS, Developing Countrie, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index, obesidad, Middle-income countries, food system, urban, weight, Healthy, Science & Technology, índice de masa corporal, Diet, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Risk factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, WEIGHT
Abstract: Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.
Published: 2019

29. Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with venous thromboembolism

Author: Gregson, John, Kaptoge, Stephen, Bolton, Thomas, Pennells, Lisa, Willeit, Peter, Burgess, Stephen, Bell, Steven, Sweeting, Michael, Rimm, Eric B., Kabrhel, Christopher, Zoller, Bengt, Assmann, Gerd, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Folsom, Aaron R., Arndt, Volker, Fletcher, Astrid, Norman, Paul E., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Kitamura, Akihiko, Mahmoodi, Bakhtawar K., Whincup, Peter H., Knuiman, Matthew, Salomaa, Veikko, Meisinger, Christa, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kavousi, Maryam, Voelzke, Henry, Cooper, Jackie A., Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Casiglia, Edoardo, Rodriguez, Beatriz, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Despres, Jean-Pierre, Simons, Leon, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Notdurfter, Marlene, Kromhout, Daan, Price, Jackie, Sutherland, Susan E., Sundstroem, Johan, Kauhanen, Jussi, Gallacher, John, Beulens, Joline W. J., Dankner, Rachel, Cooper, Cyrus, Giampaoli, Simona, Deen, Jason F., Gomez de la Camara, Agustin, Kuller, Lewis H., Rosengren, Annika, Svensson, Peter J., Nagel, Dorothea, Crespo, Carlos J., Brenner, Hermann, Albertorio-Diaz, Juan R., Atkins, Robert, Brunner, Eric J., Shipley, Martin, Njolstad, Inger, Lawlor, Deborah A., van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Selmer, Randi Marie, Trevisan, Maurizio, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Greenland, Philip, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Lowe, Gordon D. O., Wood, Angela M., Butterworth, Adam S., Thompson, Simon G., Danesh, John, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Meade, Tom, Rosamond, Wayne, Whitsel, Eric, Cushman, Mary, Barr, Elizabeth L. M., Shaw, Jonathan E., Zimmet, Paul Z., Kiechl, Stefan, Weger, Siegfried, Willeit, Johann, Amuzu, Antoinette, Dale, Caroline, Casas, Juan P., Tikhonoff, Valerie, Nietert, Paul, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Jensen, Gorm B., Lora Pablos, David, Cancelas Navia, Pilar, McLachlan, Stela, Schoettker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Holleczek, Bernd, Ariansen, Inger, Meyer, Haakon E., Haheim, Lise Lund, Vartiainen, Erkki, Jousilahti, Pekka, Harald, Kennet, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Dennison, Elaine, Syddall, Holly, Westbury, Leo, Flicker, Leon, Hankey, Graeme J., Golledge, Jonathan, Doi, Yasufumi, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Elders, Petra, Stehouwer, Coen, Jensen, Majken, Iso, Hiroyasu, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Sudhir, Kurl, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Salonen, Jukka T., Boer, Jolanda M. A., Blokstra, Anneke, Melander, Olle, Nilsson, Peter M., Engstrom, Gunnar, Palmieri, Luigi, Vanuzzo, Diego, Peters, Annette, Thorand, Barbara, Heier, Margit, Hu, Frank B., Manson, JoAnn E., Meijer, Karina, Gansevoort, Ron T., Schulte, Helmut, Sluijs, Ivonne, Cantin, Bernard, Lamarche, Benoit, Dagenais, Gilles R., McEvoy, Linda, Laughlin, Gail, Daniels, Lori B., Aspelund, Thor, Gudmundsson, Elias Freyr, Thorsson, Bolli, Leening, Maarten J. G., Ikram, M. Arfan, Franco, Oscar H., Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Werner, Andre, Devereux, Richard, Jolly, Stacey, Smith, George Davey, Can, Gunay, Yuksel, Husniye, Altay, Servet, Ingelsson, Martin, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Claessen, Heiner, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Parikh, Nisha, I, Eaton, Charles, Kivimaki, Mika, Feskens, Edith, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Spackman, Sarah, Walker, Matthew, Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Kaptoge, Stephen [0000-0002-1155-4872], Pennells, Lisa [0000-0002-8594-3061], Burgess, Stephen [0000-0001-5365-8760], Bell, Steven [0000-0001-6774-3149], Sweeting, Michael [0000-0003-0980-8965], Wood, Angela [0000-0002-7937-304X], Butterworth, Adam [0000-0002-6915-9015], Danesh, John [0000-0003-1158-6791], Di Angelantonio, Emanuele [0000-0001-8776-6719], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Epidemiology, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Epidemiology and Data Science, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias
Subjects: Male, Outcome Assessment, ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION, Coronary Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS, Prospective cohort study, Original Investigation, Venous Thrombosis, education.field_of_study, Kardiologi, Hazard ratio, INDIVIDUAL-PARTICIPANT DATA, Venous Thromboembolism, Middle Aged, Biobank, 3. Good health, Pulmonary embolism, ddc, Cardiovascular Diseases, OBESITY, Female, SMOKING, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, PULMONARY-EMBOLISM, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Diabetes Mellitus, Online First, Life Science, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, ddc:610, Obesity, Pulmonary Embolism, Smoking, United Kingdom, Risk factor, education, METAANALYSIS, VLAG, Global Nutrition, Wereldvoeding, business.industry, Research, DIABETES-MELLITUS, medicine.disease, Health Care, LIPOPROTEIN, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Key Points Question To what extent are established cardiovascular risk factors associated with risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)? Findings In this analysis of individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration and the UK Biobank including 1.1 million participants, among a panel of several established cardiovascular risk factors, older age, smoking, and greater adiposity were consistently associated with higher VTE risk. Meaning There is overlap in at least some of the major population determinants of important venous and arterial thrombotic diseases., This analysis of data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration and the UK Biobank estimates the associations of major cardiovascular risk factors with venous thromboembolism., Importance It is uncertain to what extent established cardiovascular risk factors are associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Objective To estimate the associations of major cardiovascular risk factors with VTE, ie, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Design, Setting, and Participants This study included individual participant data mostly from essentially population-based cohort studies from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (ERFC; 731 728 participants; 75 cohorts; years of baseline surveys, February 1960 to June 2008; latest date of follow-up, December 2015) and the UK Biobank (421 537 participants; years of baseline surveys, March 2006 to September 2010; latest date of follow-up, February 2016). Participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline were included. Data were analyzed from June 2017 to September 2018. Exposures A panel of several established cardiovascular risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures Hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD higher usual risk factor levels (or presence/absence). Incident fatal outcomes in ERFC (VTE, 1041; coronary heart disease [CHD], 25 131) and incident fatal/nonfatal outcomes in UK Biobank (VTE, 2321; CHD, 3385). Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI). Results Of the 731 728 participants from the ERFC, 403 396 (55.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the survey was 51.9 (9.0) years; of the 421 537 participants from the UK Biobank, 233 699 (55.4%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the survey was 56.4 (8.1) years. Risk factors for VTE included older age (ERFC: HR per decade, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.45-2.91; UK Biobank: HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.71-1.92), current smoking (ERFC: HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.20-1.58; UK Biobank: HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.40), and BMI (ERFC: HR per 1-SD higher BMI, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.50; UK Biobank: HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.32-1.41). For these factors, there were similar HRs for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in UK Biobank (except adiposity was more strongly associated with pulmonary embolism) and similar HRs for unprovoked vs provoked VTE. Apart from adiposity, these risk factors were less strongly associated with VTE than CHD. There were inconsistent associations of VTEs with diabetes and blood pressure across ERFC and UK Biobank, and there was limited ability to study lipid and inflammation markers. Conclusions and Relevance Older age, smoking, and adiposity were consistently associated with higher VTE risk.
Published: 2019

30. E-cadherin breast tumor expression, risk factors and survival:Pooled analysis of 5,933 cases from 12 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Author: Horne, Hisani N., Oh, Hannah, Sherman, Mark E., Palakal, Maya, Hewitt, Stephen M., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Milne, Roger L., Hardisson, David, Benitez, Javier, Blomqvist, Carl, Bolla, Manjeet K., Brenner, Hermann, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Cora, Renata, Couch, Fergus J., Cuk, Katarina, Devilee, Peter, Easton, Douglas F., Eccles, Diana M., Eilber, Ursula, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Heikkilä, Päivi, Holleczek, Bernd, Hooning, Maartje J., Jones, Michael, Keeman, Renske, Mannermaa, Arto, Martens, John W. M., Muranen, Taru A., Nevanlinna, Heli, Olson, Janet E., Orr, Nick, Perez, Jose I. A., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Ruddy, Kathryn J., Saum, Kai-Uwe, Schoemaker, Minouk J., Seynaeve, Caroline, Sironen, Reijo, Smit, Vincent T. H. B. M., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Tengström, Maria, Thomas, Abigail S., Timmermans, A. Mieke, Tollenaar, Rob A. E. M., Troester, Melissa A., van Asperen, Christi J., van Deurzen, Carolien H. M., Van Leeuwen, Flora F., Van’t Veer, Laura J., García-Closas, Montserrat, Figueroa, Jonine D., National Breast Cancer Foundation (Australia), Cancer Australia, National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos), Cancer Research UK (Reino Unido), European Research Council, Dutch Cancer Society (Holanda), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts of Baden-Wuerttemberg (Alemania), German Cancer Aid, Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Cancer Society of Finland, Nordic Cancer Union (Islandia), Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Cancer Society of North Savo, Finnish Cancer Organizations, University of Eastern Finland (Finlandia), Cancer Council Queensland (Australia), Cancer Council New South Wales (Australia), Cancer Council Victoria (Australia), Cancer Council Tasmania (Australia), Cancer Council of South Australia (Australia), Cancer Council Western Australia (Australia), United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Estados Unidos), Institute of Cancer Research (Reino Unido), Milne, Roger L [0000-0001-5764-7268], Hardisson, David [0000-0002-2183-3699], Easton, Douglas F [0000-0003-2444-3247], Martens, John WM [0000-0002-3428-3366], Nevanlinna, Heli [0000-0002-0916-2976], Pharoah, Paul DP [0000-0001-8494-732X], Figueroa, Jonine D [0000-0002-5100-623X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Medical Oncology, and Pathology
Subjects: Adult, Receptor, ErbB-2, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Gene Expression, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Cadherins, Prognosis, Article, Editorial, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Receptors, Estrogen, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Biomarkers, Tumor, Odds Ratio, Journal Article, Humans, lcsh:Q, Female, lcsh:Science, Receptors, Progesterone, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models
Abstract: E-cadherin (CDH1) is a putative tumor suppressor gene implicated in breast carcinogenesis. Yet, whether risk factors or survival differ by E-cadherin tumor expression is unclear. We evaluated E-cadherin tumor immunohistochemistry expression using tissue microarrays of 5,933 female invasive breast cancers from 12 studies from the Breast Cancer Consortium. H-scores were calculated and case-case odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Survival analyses were performed using Cox regression models. All analyses were stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status and histologic subtype. E-cadherin low cases (N = 1191, 20%) were more frequently of lobular histology, low grade, >2 cm, and HER2-negative. Loss of E-cadherin expression (score
Published: 2018

31. E-cadherin breast tumor expression, risk factors and survival : Pooled analysis of 5,933 cases from 12 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Author: Horne, Hisani N., Oh, Hannah, Sherman, Mark E., Palakal, Maya, Hewitt, Stephen M., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Milne, Roger L., Hardisson, David, Benitez, Javier, Blomqvist, Carl, Bolla, Manjeet K., Brenner, Hermann, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Cora, Renata, Couch, Fergus J., Cuk, Katarina, Devilee, Peter, Easton, Douglas F., Eccles, Diana M., Eilber, Ursula, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Heikkilä, Paivi, Holleczek, Bernd, Hooning, Maartje J., Jones, Michael, Keeman, Renske, Mannermaa, Arto, Martens, John W. M., Muranen, Taru A., Nevanlinna, Heli, Olson, Janet E., Orr, Nick, Perez, Jose I. A., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Ruddy, Kathryn J., Saum, Kai-Uwe, Schoemaker, Minouk J., Seynaeve, Caroline, Sironen, Reijo, Smit, Vincent T. H. B. M., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Tengstrom, Maria, Thomas, Abigail S., Timmermans, A. Mieke, Tollenaar, Rob A. E. M., Troester, Melissa A., van Asperen, Christi J., van Deurzen, Carolien H. M., Van Leeuwen, Flora F., Van'tVeer, Laura J., Department of Oncology, Clinicum, Department of Pathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, HUS Gynecology and Obstetrics, and HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center
Subjects: ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR, HISTOLOGIC TYPE, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY, 3122 Cancers, UNITED-STATES, COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR PORTRAITS, MALIGNANT PROGRESSION, INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA, RECEPTOR STATUS, METASTATIC LESIONS, CLINICAL-TRIALS
Abstract: E-cadherin (CDH1) is a putative tumor suppressor gene implicated in breast carcinogenesis. Yet, whether risk factors or survival differ by E-cadherin tumor expression is unclear. We evaluated E-cadherin tumor immunohistochemistry expression using tissue microarrays of 5,933 female invasive breast cancers from 12 studies from the Breast Cancer Consortium. H-scores were calculated and case-case odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Survival analyses were performed using Cox regression models. All analyses were stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status and histologic subtype. E-cadherin low cases (N = 1191, 20%) were more frequently of lobular histology, low grade, > 2 cm, and HER2-negative. Loss of E-cadherin expression (score
Published: 2018

32. Methodology used in studies reporting chronic kidney disease prevalence: a systematic literature review

Author: Brück, Katharina, Jager, Kitty J., Dounousi, Evangelia, Kainz, Alexander, Nitsch, Dorothea, Ärnlöv, Johan, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Browne, Gemma, Capuano, Vincenzo, Ferraro, Pietro Manuel, Ferrieres, Jean, Gambaro, Giovanni, Guessous, Idris, Hallan, Stein, Kastarinen, Mika, Navis, Gerjan, Gonzalez, Alfonso Otero, Palmieri, Luigi, Romundstad, Solfrid, Spoto, Belinda, Stengel, Benedicte, Tomson, Charles, Tripepi, Giovanni, Völzke, Henry, Wiȩcek, Andrzej, Gansevoort, Ron, Schöttker, Ben, Wanner, Christoph, Vinhas, Jose, Zoccali, Carmine, Van Biesen, Wim, Stel, Vianda S., Jousilahti, Pekka, Helmer, Catherine, Metzger, Marie, Ruidavets, Jean Bernard, Bongard, Vanina, Koenig, Wolfgang, Denkinger, Michael D., Brenner, Hermann, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Nauck, Matthias, Stracke, Sylvia, Perry, Ivan, Eustace, Joseph, Lupo, Antonio, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Palleschi, Simonetta, Lamaida, Norman, Capuano, Ernesto, Sinkeler, Steef, Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R., Bakker, Stephan J.L., Aasarød, Knut, Holmen, Jostein, Chudek, Jerzy, Malgorzata, Mossakowska, Gardete-Correia, Luis, Raposo, João F., de Francisco, A.L. Martin, Gayoso Diz, P., Nerpin, Elisabet, Lind, Lars, Bochud, Murielle, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Fletcher, Astrid, Roderick, Paul, Van Pottelbergh, Gijs, Van Der Tol, Arjan, Hadjadj, Samy, and Stojceva-Taneva, Olivera
Subjects: urologic and male genital diseases, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications
Abstract: Background Many publications report the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. Comparisons across studies are hampered as CKD prevalence estimations are influenced by study population characteristics and laboratory methods. Methods For this systematic review, two researchers independently searched PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify all original research articles that were published between 1 January 2003 and 1 November 2014 reporting the prevalence of CKD in the European adult general population. Data on study methodology and reporting of CKD prevalence results were independently extracted by two researchers. Results We identified 82 eligible publications and included 48 publications of individual studies for the data extraction. There was considerable variation in population sample selection. The majority of studies did not report the sampling frame used, and the response ranged from 10 to 87%. With regard to the assessment of kidney function, 67% used a Jaffe assay, whereas 13% used the enzymatic assay for creatinine determination. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry calibration was used in 29%. The CKD-EPI (52%) and MDRD (75%) equations were most often used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD was defined as estimated GFR (eGFR)
Published: 2017

33. Vitamin D and cognitive function:a Mendelian randomisation study

Author: Maddock, Jane, Zhou, Ang, Cavadino, Alana, Kuźma, Elżbieta, Bao, Yanchun, Smart, Melissa C., Saum, Kai-Uwe, Schöttker, Ben, Engmann, Jorgen, Kjærgaard, Marie, Karhunen, Ville, Zhan, Yiqiang, Lehtimäki, Terho, Rovio, Suvi P., Byberg, Liisa, Lahti, Jari, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Sen, Abhijit, Perna, Laura, Schirmer, Henrik, Singh-Manoux, Archana, Auvinen, Juha, Hutri-Kähönen, Nina, Kähönen, Mika, Kilander, Lena, Räikkönen, Katri, Melhus, Håkan, Ingelsson, Erik, Guessous, Idris, Petrovic, Katja E, Schmidt, Helena, Schmidt, Reinhold, Vollenweider, Peter, Lind, Lars, Eriksson, Johan G., Michaëlsson, Karl, Raitakari, Olli T., Hägg, Sara, Pedersen, Nancy L., Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Veijola, Juha, Kivimaki, Mika, Jorde, Rolf, Brenner, Hermann, Kumari, Meena, Power, Chris, Llewellyn, David J., Hyppönen, Elina, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Medicum, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Department of Public Health, and Developmental Psychology Research Group
Subjects: Male, D SUPPLEMENTATION, Medicin och hälsovetenskap, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, DETERMINANTS, Medical and Health Sciences, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RECOMMENDATIONS, Article, Cohort Studies, D DEFICIENCY, Cognition, Humans, risk factors, Aged, Cognition/physiology, Female, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives, Vitamin D/blood, Vitamin D/physiology, Vitamins/physiology, Vitamin D, lcsh:Science, METAANALYSIS, Science & Technology, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750, DEMENTIA, lcsh:R, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750, ASSOCIATION, Vitamins, PERFORMANCE, IMPAIRMENT, Multidisciplinary Sciences, MICE, Risk factors, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Science & Technology - Other Topics, lcsh:Q, epidemiology
Abstract: The causal nature of the association between hypovitaminosis D and poor cognitive function in mid- to later-life is uncertain. Using a Mendelian randomisation(MR) approach, we examined the causal relationship between 25(OH)D and cognitive function. Data came from 172,349 participants from 17 cohorts. DHCR7(rs12785878), CYP2R1 rs12794714) and their combined synthesis score were chosen to proxy 25(OH)D. Cognitive tests were standardised into global and memory scores. Analyses were stratified by 25(OH)D tertiles, sex and age. Random effects meta-analyses assessed associations between 25(OH)D and cognitive function. Associations of serum 25(OH)D with global and memory-related cognitive function were non-linear (lower cognitive scores for both low and high 25(OH)D, pcurvature ≤ 0.006), with much of the curvature attributed to a single study. DHCR7, CYP2R1, and the synthesis score were associated with small reductions in 25(OH)D per vitamin D-decreasing allele. However, coefficients for associations with global or memory-related cognitive function were non-significant and in opposing directions for DHCR7 and CYP2R1, with no overall association observed for the synthesis score. Coefficients for the synthesis score and global and memory cognition were similar when stratified by 25(OH)D tertiles, sex and age. We found no evidence for serum 25(OH)D concentration as a causal factor for cognitive performance in mid- to later life. © The Author(s) 2017. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Published: 2017

34. Alcohol and lung cancer risk among never smokers: A pooled analysis from the international lung cancer consortium and the SYNERGY study

Author: Fehringer, Gordon Brenner, Darren R. Zhang, Zuo-Feng Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy Matsuo, Keitaro Ito, Hidemi Lan, Qing and Vineis, Paolo Johansson, Mattias Overvad, Kim Riboli, Elio and Trichopoulou, Antonia Sacerdote, Carlotta Stucker, Isabelle and Boffetta, Paolo Brennan, Paul Christiani, David. C. and Hong, Yun-Chul Landi, Maria Teresa Morgenstern, Hal and Schwartz, Ann G. Wenzlaff, Angela S. Rennert, Gad and McLaughlin, John R. Harris, Curtis C. Olivo-Marston, Susan and Orlow, Irene Park, Bernard J. Zauderer, Marjorie Barros Dios, Juan M. Ruano Ravina, Alberto Siemiatycki, Jack and Koushik, Anita Lazarus, Philip Fernandez-Somoano, Ana and Tardon, Adonina Le Marchand, Loic Brenner, Hermann Saum, Kai-Uwe Duell, Eric J. Andrew, Angeline S. and Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila Lissowska, Jolanta Zaridze, David and Rudnai, Peter Fabianova, Eleonora Mates, Dana Foretova, Lenka Janout, Vladimir Bencko, Vladimir Holcatova, Ivana and Pesatori, Angela Cecilia Consonni, Dario Olsson, Ann Straif, Kurt Hung, Rayjean J.
Abstract: It is not clear whether alcohol consumption is associated with lung cancer risk. The relationship is likely confounded by smoking, complicating the interpretation of previous studies. We examined the association of alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in a large pooled international sample, minimizing potential confounding of tobacco consumption by restricting analyses to never smokers. Our study included 22 case-control and cohort studies with a total of 2548 never-smoking lung cancer patients and 9362 never-smoking controls from North America, Europe and Asia within the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) and SYNERGY Consortium. Alcohol consumption was categorized into amounts consumed (grams per day) and also modelled as a continuous variable using restricted cubic splines for potential non-linearity. Analyses by histologic sub-type were included. Associations by type of alcohol consumed (wine, beer and liquor) were also investigated. Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with lung cancer risk with evidence most strongly supporting lower risk for light and moderate drinkers relative to non-drinkers (>0-4.9 g per day: OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.70-0.90; 5-9.9 g per day: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69-0.99; 10-19.9 g per day: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-0.96). Inverse associations were found for consumption of wine and liquor, but not beer. The results indicate that alcohol consumption is inversely associated with lung cancer risk, particularly among subjects with low to moderate consumption levels, and among wine and liquor drinkers, but not beer drinkers. Although our results should have no relevant bias from the confounding effect of smoking we cannot preclude that confounding by other factors contributed to the observed associations. Confounding in relation to the non-drinker reference category may be of particular importance.
Published: 2017

35. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016 : a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author: Ezzati, Majid, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bilano, Ver, Bixby, Honor, Zhou, Bin, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Taddei, Cristina, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Lu, Yuan, Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J., Paciore, Christopher J., Chiritaemandi, Adela, Hayes, Alison J., Katz, Joanne, Kelishadi, Roya, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, Ma, Jun, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Padez, Cristina, Rampal, Lekhraj, Zhu, Aubrianna, Bennet, James E., Danaei, Goodarz, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Acuin, Cecilia, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemng, Charles, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukai, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Andrade, Dolores S., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Arianse, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V. G., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Bernabe, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bhatti, Zaid, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Biehl, Anna, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertnes, Espen, Bjness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camola, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana P. C. C., Capanzana, Mario, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cucu, Alexandra, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Danae, Goodarz, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Gui, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, Karin, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Monterubio Flores, Eric, Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuch, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galeone, Daniela, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Giwerman, Aleksander, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goltzman, David, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Guallar-Castillon, Pilar, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Guo, Xiuhua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A., Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R., Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, He, Jiang, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M., Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Hopman, Wilma M., Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibarluzea, Jesus M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamil, Kazi M., Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jarani, Juel, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-Lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Magaly Jimenez-Acosta, Santa, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jovic, Dragana P., Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Kapantais, Efthymios, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Ousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Khouw, Ilse M. S. L., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiech, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A., Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kunesova, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Quang Ngoc La, Quang Ngoc La, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Lauria, Laura, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D Le, Tuyen D Le, Lebanan, May Antonnette O., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Loit, Helle-Mai, Lopes, Luis, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Eugenio Lozano, Jose, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahaletchumy, Alagappan, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Marques, Larissa P., Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Martin, Rosemarie, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Marventano, Stefano, Masoodi, Shariq R., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McKee, Martin, McLac, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Yusof, Safiah Md, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jorgen, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Mensink, Gert B. M., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F., Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Molbo, Drude, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monterrubio, Eric A., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejo, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mota, Jorge, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Motlag, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Mu, Thet Thet, Muc, Magdalena, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M., Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Quang Ngoc Nguye, Quang Ngoc Nguye, Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Norat, Teresa, Norie, Sawada, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olafsson, Orn, Anselmo Olinto, Maria Teresa, Oliveira, Isabel O., Oltarzewski, Maciej, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P., Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M., Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Perez-Farinos, Napoleon, Perez, Cynthia M., Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Peykari, Niloofar, Son Thai Pham, Son Thai Pham, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeo, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M., Popovic, Stevo R., Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. 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Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Rivera, Juan A., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruhli, Frank J., Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Russo, Paola, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, Sandjaja, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Santos, Osvaldo, dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Scazufca, Marcia, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serra-Majem, Luis, Shalnova, Svetlana A., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Shiri, Rahman, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Silva, Antonio M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjoberg, Agneta, Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. 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T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Hoang Van Minh, Hoang Van Minh, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Victora, Cesar G., Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voelzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Waldhor, Thomas, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S., Jr., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wan, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yardim, Nazan, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yngve, Agneta, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Faudzi, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M., Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, and Cisneros, Julio Zuniga
Subjects: Agriculture and Food Sciences, MILLION PARTICIPANTS, RISK, COUNTRIES, FOOD, MORTALITY, Medicine and Health Sciences, HEALTH, WEIGHT, CHILDHOOD OBESITY, PREVENTION PROGRAMS, PREVALENCE
Abstract: Background: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128.9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31.5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings: Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0.01 kg/m (2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0.42 to 0.39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease= 0.5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1.00 kg/m(2) per decade (0.69-1.35, PP> 0.9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0.95 kg/m (2) per decade (0.64-1.25, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0.09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0.33 to 0.49, PP= 0.6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0.77 kg/m (2) per decade (0.50-1.06, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0.7% (0.4-1.2) in 1975 to 5.6% (4.8-6.5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0.9% (0.5-1.3) in 1975 to 7.8% (6.7-9.1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9.2% (6.0-12.9) in 1975 to 8.4% (6.8-10.1) in 2016 in girls and from 14.8% (10.4-19.5) in 1975 to 12.4% (10.3-14.5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22.7% (16.7-29.6) among girls and 30.7% (23.5-38.0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation: The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.
Published: 2017

36. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128Â·9 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author: Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Acuin, Cecilia, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Al Buhairan, Fadia, Al Dhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Andrade, Dolores S, Ängquist, Lars H, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Aung, May Soe, Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro VG, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Bennett, James E, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bhatti, Zaid, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bi, Biehl, Anna, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Björkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Simona, Bo, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn CE, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, João, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as), Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, José, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Capanzana, Mario, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carvalho, Maria J, Casanueva, Felipe F, Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, 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Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kunešová, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Quang Ngoc, La, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E, Lauria, Laura, Laxmaiah, Avula, Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen, Tuyen D, Le, Lebanan, May Antonnette O, Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, León-Muñoz, Luz M, Levitt, Naomi S, Yanping, Li, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, 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Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Russo, Paola, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Saidi, Olfa, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, Null, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Osvaldo, dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Scazufca, Marcia, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serra-Majem, Luis, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Shiri, Rahman, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Antonio M, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, 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Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Victora, Cesar G, Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhör, Thomas, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Justin YY, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Shouling, Wu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Xu, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yardim, Nazan, Xingwang, Ye, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yngve, Agneta, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Faudzi, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bilano, Ver, Bixby, Honor, Zhou, Bin, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Taddei, Cristina, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Yuan, Lu, Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J, Paciorek, Christopher J, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Zhu, Aubrianna, and Ezzati, Majid
Subjects: Medicine (all)
Published: 2017

37. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants

Author: Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Cesare, Mariachiara Di, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Cowan, Melanie J., Paciorek, Christopher J., Singh, G., Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Bennett, James E., Taddei, C., Bilano, Ver, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, W. Z., Lu, Yuan, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Bovet, Pascal, Elliott, Paul, Gu, Dongfeng, Ikeda, Nayu, Jackson, Rod T., Joffres, Michel, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lam, Tai Hing, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mondo, Charles K., Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Sundstroem, Johan, Smeeth, Liam, Soric, Maroje, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Rahim, H. A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Raddadi, Rajaa Al, Woyatan, Rihab Al, Ali, Farhan, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, H. B., Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotine, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Bradbury, Mark, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Bugge, Anna, Burns, C., Bursztyn, Michael, Leon, Antonio Cabrera de, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cameron, Christine, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Y. Z., Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Backer, Guy De, Bacquer, Dirk De, Gaetano, Giovanni de, Hanauw, Stefaan De, Smedt, Delphine De, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Di, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, T. T., Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Döring, A., Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, Ati, Jalila El, Ellert, Ute, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Pena, Jorge Escobedo-de la, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fortmann, Stephen P., Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, M. Do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gavrila, Diana, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gross, M. G., Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Gruden, Grabriella, Grujic, Vera, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R., Hardy, Rebecca, Harikumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, L. H., Herqutanto, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, J. M., Hussieni, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Johansson, Mattias, Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khang, Young-Ho, Khaw, Kay-Tee H., Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Klumbiene, Jurate, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Koziel, Slawomir, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kula, Krzysztof, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Lachat, Carl, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Bao, K. Le Nguyen, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lekhraj, Rampal, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. F., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, J. E., Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Posso, A. J. McDonald, McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McNulty, Breige A., MdKhir, A. S., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Miquel, J. F., Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Yusoff, M. F. Mohd, Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, B. M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, E. E. K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Navarrete-Muñoz, E. M., Ndiaye, N. C., Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, T. J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, O. A., Noorbala, A. A., Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Nsour, Mohannad Al, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oh, Kyungwon, Olinto, M. T. A., Oliveira, I. O., Omar, Mohd A., Onat, Altan, Ordunez, Pedro, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, D., Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, N., Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Pelletier, C., Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Perez, Raquel, Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, S. T., Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polakowska, M., Polašek, O., Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, A., Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, E., Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, D. A. Rangel, Rasmussen, Finn, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Wit, T. F. Rinke de, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rosengren, Annika, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rui, Ornelas, Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S., Horimoto, A. R. V. Russo, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, S., Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, E. S., Salmerón, D., Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, I. S., Santos, Renata Nunes dos, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Margolis, Giselle Sarganas, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas C., Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schneider, Ione J., Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, S., Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Starc, Gregor, Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, D., Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, C. A., Sung, Y. T., Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tang, Line, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tormo, M. J., Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, Schouw, Yvonne T. van der, Herck, Koen Van, Rossem, Lenie van, Valkengoed, Irene G. M. van, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrdoljak, Ana, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, A. Fink, Walton, Janette, Mohamud, W. N. Wan, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wederkopp, N., Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, P., Williams, E. A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Tien Yin, Wong-McClure, R. A., Woo, Jean, Wu, A. G., Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad F., Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Zambon, Sabina, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285]
Subjects: Worldwide trends, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Medicine (all), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood pressure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license 389 10064 37 55
Published: 2017

38. Investigation of a possible association of potentially inappropriate medication for older adults and frailty in a prospective cohort study from Germany.

Author: Muhlack, Dana Clarissa, Hoppe, Liesa Katharina, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Haefeli, Walter E, Brenner, Hermann, and Schöttker, Ben
Subjects: COGNITION disorder risk factors, ELDER care, ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents, BENZODIAZEPINES, COGNITION disorders, CONFIDENCE intervals, DEMENTIA patients, FRAIL elderly, LONGITUDINAL method, PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC agents, PROBABILITY theory, RISK assessment, TRANQUILIZING drugs, DECISION making in clinical medicine, LOGISTIC regression analysis, INDEPENDENT living, DISEASE incidence, DISEASE prevalence, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine), ODDS ratio
Abstract: Objective potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are commonly defined as drugs that should be avoided in older adults because they are considered to have a negative risk-benefit ratio. PIMs are suspected to increase the risk for frailty, but this has yet to be examined. Design prospective population-based cohort study. Setting and participants a German cohort of community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) was followed from October 2008 to September 2016. Methods in propensity score-adjusted logistic and Cox regression models, associations between baseline PIM use and prevalent/incident frailty were investigated. Frailty was assessed using the definition by Fried and co-workers, PIM were defined with the 2015 BEERS criteria , the BEERS criteria to avoid in cognitively impaired patients (BEERS dementia PIM), the EU(7)-PIM and the PRISCUS list. Results of 2,865 participants, 261 were frail at baseline and 423 became frail during follow-up. Only BEERS dementia PIM use was statistically significantly associated with prevalent frailty (odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.51 (1.04–2.17)). The strength of the association was comparable for all frailty components. Similarly, in longitudinal analyses, only BEERS dementia PIM use was associated with incident frailty albeit not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 1.19 (0.84–1.68)). Conclusions the association of PIM use and frailty seems to be restricted to drug classes, which can induce frailty symptoms (anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, z-substances and antipsychotics). Physicians are advised to perform frailty assessments before and after prescribing these drug classes to older patients and to reconsider treatment decisions in case of negative performance changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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39. E-cadherin breast tumor expression, risk factors and survival: Pooled analysis of 5,933 cases from 12 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Author: Horne, Hisani N., primary, Oh, Hannah, additional, Sherman, Mark E., additional, Palakal, Maya, additional, Hewitt, Stephen M., additional, Schmidt, Marjanka K., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, Hardisson, David, additional, Benitez, Javier, additional, Blomqvist, Carl, additional, Bolla, Manjeet K., additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Chang-Claude, Jenny, additional, Cora, Renata, additional, Couch, Fergus J., additional, Cuk, Katarina, additional, Devilee, Peter, additional, Easton, Douglas F., additional, Eccles, Diana M., additional, Eilber, Ursula, additional, Hartikainen, Jaana M., additional, Heikkilä, Päivi, additional, Holleczek, Bernd, additional, Hooning, Maartje J., additional, Jones, Michael, additional, Keeman, Renske, additional, Mannermaa, Arto, additional, Martens, John W. M., additional, Muranen, Taru A., additional, Nevanlinna, Heli, additional, Olson, Janet E., additional, Orr, Nick, additional, Perez, Jose I. A., additional, Pharoah, Paul D. P., additional, Ruddy, Kathryn J., additional, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Schoemaker, Minouk J., additional, Seynaeve, Caroline, additional, Sironen, Reijo, additional, Smit, Vincent T. H. B. M., additional, Swerdlow, Anthony J., additional, Tengström, Maria, additional, Thomas, Abigail S., additional, Timmermans, A. Mieke, additional, Tollenaar, Rob A. E. M., additional, Troester, Melissa A., additional, van Asperen, Christi J., additional, van Deurzen, Carolien H. M., additional, Van Leeuwen, Flora F., additional, Van’t Veer, Laura J., additional, García-Closas, Montserrat, additional, and Figueroa, Jonine D., additional
Published: 2018
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40. Amyloid blood biomarker detects Alzheimer's disease

Author: Nabers, Andreas, primary, Perna, Laura, additional, Lange, Julia, additional, Mons, Ute, additional, Schartner, Jonas, additional, Güldenhaupt, Jörn, additional, Saum, Kai‐Uwe, additional, Janelidze, Shorena, additional, Holleczek, Bernd, additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Hansson, Oskar, additional, Gerwert, Klaus, additional, and Brenner, Hermann, additional
Published: 2018
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41. Methylomic survival predictors, frailty, and mortality

Author: Zhang, Yan, primary, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Schöttker, Ben, additional, Holleczek, Bernd, additional, and Brenner, Hermann, additional
Published: 2018
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42. Vitamin D and cognitive function: A Mendelian randomisation study

Author: Maddock, Jane, primary, Zhou, Ang, additional, Cavadino, Alana, additional, Kuźma, Elżbieta, additional, Bao, Yanchun, additional, Smart, Melissa C., additional, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Schöttker, Ben, additional, Engmann, Jorgen, additional, Kjærgaard, Marie, additional, Karhunen, Ville, additional, Zhan, Yiqiang, additional, Lehtimäki, Terho, additional, Rovio, Suvi P., additional, Byberg, Liisa, additional, Lahti, Jari, additional, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, additional, Sen, Abhijit, additional, Perna, Laura, additional, Schirmer, Henrik, additional, Singh-Manoux, Archana, additional, Auvinen, Juha, additional, Hutri-Kähönen, Nina, additional, Kähönen, Mika, additional, Kilander, Lena, additional, Räikkönen, Katri, additional, Melhus, Håkan, additional, Ingelsson, Erik, additional, Guessous, Idris, additional, Petrovic, Katja E, additional, Schmidt, Helena, additional, Schmidt, Reinhold, additional, Vollenweider, Peter, additional, Lind, Lars, additional, Eriksson, Johan G., additional, Michaëlsson, Karl, additional, Raitakari, Olli T., additional, Hägg, Sara, additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, additional, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, Veijola, Juha, additional, Kivimaki, Mika, additional, Jorde, Rolf, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Kumari, Meena, additional, Power, Chris, additional, Llewellyn, David J., additional, and Hyppönen, Elina, additional
Published: 2017
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43. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants

Author: Cesare, Mariachiara Di, Bentham, James, Stevens, Gretchen A., Zhou, Bin, Danaei, Goodarz, Lu, Yuan, Bixby, Honor, Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Fortunato, Lea, Taddei, C., Bennett, James E., Ikeda, Nayu, Khang, Young-Ho, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mostafa, Aya, Turley, Maria L., Paciorek, Christopher J., Gunter, Marc, Ezzati, Majid, Abdeen, Ziad A., Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ali, Farhan, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Andrade, Dolores S., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Avdicova, Maria, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, H. B., Benet, Mikhail, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotine, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bhatti, Zaid, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bi, HongSheng, Bi, Yufang, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blake, Margaret, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Bovet, Pascal, Bradbury, Mark, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Bugge, Anna, Burns, C., Leon, Antonio Cabrera de, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Castetbon, Katia, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Y. Z., Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dauchet, Luc, Backer, Guy De, Bacquer, Dirk De, Gaetano, Giovanni de, Hanauw, Stefaan De, Smedt, Delphine De, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Dhana, Klodian, Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Di, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Döring, A., Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, Ati, Jalila El, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Peña, J. E. De La, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Flores, E. M., Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Fortmann, Stephen P., Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, M. Do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Gross, M. G., Rivas, J. P. G., Gorbea, M. 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Q., Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Sanjay, Rasmussen, Finn, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Wit, Tobias Floris Rinke de, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Rivera, Juan A., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruhli, Frank J., Rui, Ornelas, Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S., Horimoto, Andrea R. V. Russo, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, E. 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[0000-0002-8339-9285], NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (ukupan broj autora: 754), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Di Cesare M, Bentham J, Stevens GA, Zhou B, Danaei G, Lu Y, Bixby H, Cowan MJ, Riley LM, Hajifathalian K, Fortunato L, Taddei C, Bennett JE, Ikeda N, Khang Y-O, Kyobutungi C, Laxmaiah A, Li Y, Lin H-O, Miranda JJ, Mostafa A, Turley ML, Gunter M, Ezzati M, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams R, Aekplakorn W, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Ahmadvand A, Ahrens W, Ali MM, Ala'a Alkerwi A, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amouyel P, Antoinette Amuzu A, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Andrade DS, Anjana RM, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arlappa N, Arveiler D, Assah FK, Avdicová M, Azizi F, Babu BV, Balakrishna N, Bandosz P, Banegas. JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros MV, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Romdhane HB, Benet M, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SH, Bhatti Z, Bhutta ZA, Bi HS, Bi Y, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Blake M, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boeing H, Boissonnet CP, Bongard V, Bovet P, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Burns C, de León CA, Cacciottolo J, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carvalho MJ, Casanueva FF, Casas J-P, Caserta CA, Castetbon K, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Nishi Chaturvedi N, Chen C-J, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng C-Y, Chetrit A, Chiolero A, Chiou S-T, Chirita-Emandi A, Cho Y, Kaare Christensen K, Chudek J, Renata Cifkova R, Claessens F, Clays E, Concin H, Cooper C, Cooper R, Coppinger TC, Costanzo C, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crujeiras AB, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Dankner R, Luc Dauchet L, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Dhana K, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Diaz A, Djalalinia S, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Donfrancesco C, Döring A, Doua K, Drygas W, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Erasmus RT, Erem C, Eriksen L, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall CH, Farshad Farzadfar F, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Finn JD, Fischer K, Monterubio Flores E, Föger B, Foo LH, Forslund A-S, Fortmann SP, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MdC, Franco OH, Guillermo Frontera G, Fuchs FH, Fuchs SC, Fujita Y, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz J-M, GasulL M, Gates L, Geleijnse JM, Ghasemian A, Giampaoli S, GianfagnA F, 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Keinan Boker L, Kelishadi R, Kemper HHCG, Kengne AP, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khang Y-H, Kay-Tee H Khaw K-TH, Khouw LMSL, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim J, Kiyohara Y, Klimont J, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, Korrovits P, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Koziel S, Kratzer W, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger HS, Kula K, Kulaga Z, Kumar RK, Kusuma YS, Kuulasmaa K, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Landrove O, Lanska V, Lappas G, Laugsand LE, Nguyen Bao KL, Le TD, Leclercq C, Lee J, Jeonghee Lee J, Lehtimäki T, Lekhraj R, León-Muñoz LM, Lim W-Y, M Fernanda Lima-Costa MF, Lin H-H, Lin X, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Lorbeer R, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lytsy P, Ma G, Machi S, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Manios Y, Mann JI, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Markey O, Marques-Vidal P, Marrugat P, Martin-Prevel Y, Martorell R, Masoodi SR, Matsha TE, Mazur A, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McNulty BA, Md Yusof S, Mediene-Benchekor S, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger A, Mendes LL, Menezes AMB, Mensink GBM, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Mi JM, Michaelsen KF, Miller JC, Miquel JF, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadifard N, Mohan V, Mohd Yusoff MF, Molbo D, Møller NC, Molnár D, Mondo CK, Monterrubio EA, Monyeki KDK, Leila B Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Mu TT, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musa KI, Musil V, Nagel G, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Neuhauser HK, Nguyen ND, Ngoc Nguyen Q, Nieto-Martínez RE, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Norat T, Noto D, Al Nsour M, O'Reilly D, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oh K, Olayan IH, Olinto MTA, Oltarzewski M, Omar MA, Onat A, Ordunez P, Ortiz AP, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic AM, Otero JA, Overvad K, Paccaud F, Padez C, Pajak A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pednekar MS, Peeters PH, Peixoto SV, Pereira AC, Pérez CM, Peters A, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Piwonski J, Pedro Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Poulimeneas D, Pradeepa R, Prashant M, Price JF, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quoc Bao T, Radic I, Ricardas Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos R, Rampal S, Rasmussen F, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Robespierre Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Rinke de Wit TF, Ritti-Dias RM, Juan A Rivera JA, Robinson SM, Robitaille C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MdC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Ronkainen K, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Rui O, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo Horimoto ARV, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Saidi O, Salanave B, Salazar 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A, Tang L, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh M, Jakob Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taylor A, Félicité Tchibindat F, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Janne S Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Torrent M, Traissac P, Trichopoulos D, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tuomainen T-P, Tuomilehto J, Tynelius P, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Valdivia G, Susana Va S, Valvi D, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Viegi G, Viet L, Viikari-Juntura E, Vineis P, Vioque P, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Wade AN, Wagner A, Walton J, Wan Mohamud WN, Wang M-D, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Deepa Weerasekera D, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Wojtyniak B, Wong, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, JianFeng Wu JF, Wu SL, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang X, Yardim N, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yoshihara A, Qi Sheng You QS, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Ahmad A Zainuddin AA, Zambon S, Zdrojewski T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng Y, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zimmermann E, Zuñiga Cisneros J, General Internal Medicine, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Public and occupational health, Global Health, and APH - Amsterdam Public Health
Subjects: Male, Obesidad, CHILDREN, Salud, Review, países desarrollados, Global Health, Body Mass Index, Body mass index, population study, 0302 clinical medicine, Models, Factores de riesgo cardiovascular, Medicine, body mass index, underweight, overweight, obesity, Young adult, Human Nutrition & Health, education.field_of_study, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, General Medicine, ASSOCIATION, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, adulto, predicción, adulto joven, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, thinness/epidemiology, NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Developed country, teorema de Bayes, Medical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Thinness, Humans, education, Developing Countries, obesidad, VLAG, Science & Technology, Models, Statistical, CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, QP, Obesity, adult body-mass, Indice de masa corporal (IMC), RISK-FACTORS, Adolescent, Adult, Developed Countries, Female, Forecasting, Obesity/epidemiology, Prevalence, Thinness/epidemiology, Young Adult, RA, Body mass index, Demography, Meta-Analysis, Gerontology, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Nutrition and Disease, humanos, adolescente, Overweight, países en desarrollo, Voeding en Ziekte, Medicine and Health Sciences, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Non-U.S. Gov't, Medicine (all), Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, prevalencia, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Statistical, Underweight, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, obesity/*epidemiology, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Research Support, Medicine, General & Internal, EPIDEMIC, General & Internal Medicine, Journal Article, Life Science, ddc:610, Obesidad morbida, OBESITY PREVENTION, OVERWEIGHT, business.industry, índice de masa corporal, COHORTS, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Ciencias socio biomédicas, business, delgadez
Abstract: Copyright © NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY., Background: Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods: We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (, Wellcome Trust, Grand Challenges Canada
Published: 2016

44. A century of trends in adult human height

Author: Bentham, James, Cesare, Mariachiara Di, Stevens, Gretchen A., Zhou, Bin, Bixby, Honor, Cowan, Melanie J., Fortunato, Lea, Bennett, James E., Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Lu, Yuan, Riley, Leanne M., Laxmaiah, Avula, Kontis, Vasilis, Paciorek, Christopher J., Riboli, Elio, Ezzati, Majid, Abdeen, Ziad A., Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Raddadi, Rajaa Al, Ali, Mohamed M., Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Avdicova, Maria, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotine, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bhatti, Zaid, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bi, HongSheng, Bi, Yufang, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Bugge, Anna, Burns, C., Leon, Antonio Cabrera de, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Y. Z., Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dauchet, Luc, Backer, Guy De, Bacquer, Dirk De, Gaetano, Giovanni de, Hanauw, Stefaan De, Smedt, Delphine De, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Di, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dzerve, Vilnis, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, Ati, Jalila El, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Pena, Jorge Escobedo-de la, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Monterrubio, Eric A., Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fortmann, Stephen P., Francis, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, M. Do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gross, Marcela Gonzalez, Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Gruden, Grabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Guo, Xiu H., Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R., Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Hussieni, Abdullatif S., Huu, Chinh Nguyen, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jafar, Tazeen, Jamil, Kazi M., Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kapantais, Efthymios, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khang, Young-Ho, Khaw, Kay-Tee H., Khouw, Ilse M. S. L., Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kujala, Urho M., Kula, Krzysztof, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lekhraj, Rampal, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Maire, Bernard, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markey, Oonagh, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Martorell, Reynaldo, Masoodi, Shariq R., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matsha, Tandi E., Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McNulty, Breige A., Yusof, Safiah Md, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Mensink, Gert B. M., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F., Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Miquel, Juan Francisco, Miranda, J. Jaime, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Molbo, Drude, Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Musil, Vera, Nagel, Gabriele, Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, E. E. K., Nangia, Vinay B., Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Nsour, Mohannad Al, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oh, Kyungwon, Olayan, Iman H., Olinto, Maria Teresa Anselmo, Oltarzewski, Maciej, Omar, Mohd A., Onat, Altan, Ordunez, Pedro, Ortiz, Ana P., Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Perez, Cynthia M., Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Sanjay, Rasmussen, Finn, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Rigo, Fernando, Wit, Tobias Floris Rinke de, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Rivera, Juan A., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruhli, Frank J., Rui, Ornelas, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. 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[0000-0002-8339-9285], Public and occupational health, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Global Health, General Internal Medicine, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Global Health, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, APH - Methodology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Padez, Cristina, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Bentham, J., Cesare, M.D., Stevens, G.A., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Fortunato, L., Bennett, J.E., Danaei, G., Hajifathalian, K., Lu, Y., Riley, L.M., Laxmaiah, A., Kontis, V., Paciorek, C.J., Riboli, E., Ezzati, M., Abdeen, Z.A., Hamid, Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Adams, R., Aekplakorn, W., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Al-Hazzaa, H.M., Al-Othman, A.R., Raddadi, R.A., Ali, M.M., Alkerwi, A., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Aly, E., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Anjana, R.M., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Assah, F.K., Avdicová, M., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahijri, S., Balakrishna, N., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Barros, M.V., Bata, I., Batieha, A.M., Batista, R.L., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Romdhane, H.B., Benet, M., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bernotiene, G., Bettiol, H., Bhagyalaxmi, A., Bharadwaj, S., Bhargava, S.K., Bhatti, Z., Bhutta, Z.A., Bi, H., Bi, Y., Bjerregaard, P., Bjertness, E., Bjertness, M.B., Björkelund, C., Blokstra, A., Bo, S., Bobak, M., Boddy, L.M., Boehm, B.O., Boeing, H., Boissonnet, C.P., Bongard, V., Bovet, P., Braeckman, L., Bragt, M.C., Brajkovich, I., Branca, F., Breckenkamp, J., Brenner, H., Brewster, L.M., Brian, G.R., Bruno, G., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.A., Bugge, A., Burns, C., León, A.C., Cacciottolo, J., Cama, T., Cameron, C., Camolas, J., Can, G., Cândido, A.P., Capuano, V., Cardoso, V.C., Carlsson, A.C., Carvalho, M.J., Casanueva, F.F., Casas, J.P., Caserta, C.A., Chamukuttan, S., Chan, A.W., Chan, Q., Chaturvedi, H.K., Chaturvedi, N., Chen, C.J., Chen, F., Chen, H., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Cheng, C.Y., Chetrit, A., Chiolero, A., Chiou, S.T., Chirita-Emandi, A., Cho, B., Cho, Y., Christensen, K., Chudek, J., Cifkova, R., Claessens, F., Clays, E., Concin, H., Cooper, C., Cooper, R., Coppinger, T.C., Costanzo, S., Cottel, D., Cowell, C., Craig, C.L., Crujeiras, A.B., D'Arrigo, G., d'Orsi, E., Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A., Damsgaard, C.T., Dankner, R., Dauchet, L., Backer, G.D., Bacquer, D.D., Gaetano, Gd, Henauw, S.D., Smedt, D.D., Deepa, M., Deev, A.D., Dehghan, A., Delisle, H., Delpeuch, F., Deschamps, V., Dhana, K., Castelnuovo, A.F., Dias-da-Costa, J.S., Diaz, A., Djalalinia, S., Do, H.T., Dobson, A.J., Donfrancesco, C., Donoso, S.P., Döring, A., Doua, K., Drygas, W., Dzerve, V., Egbagbe, E., Eggertsen, R., Ekelund, U., Ati, J.E., Elliott, P., Engle-Stone, R., Erasmus, R.T., Erem, C., Eriksen, L., Peña, J.E., Evans, A., Faeh, D., Fall, C.H., Farzadfar, F., Felix-Redondo, F.J., Ferguson, T.S., Fernández-Bergés, D., Ferrante, D., Ferrari, M., Ferreccio, C., Ferrieres, J., Finn, J.D., Fischer, K., Flores, E.M., Föger, B., Foo, L.H., Forslund, A.S., Forsner, M., Fortmann, S.P., Fouad, H.M., Francis, D.K., Franco, M.do C., Franco, O.H., Frontera, G., Fuchs, F.D., Fuchs, S.C., Fujita, Y., Furusawa, T., Gaciong, Z., Gafencu, M., Gareta, D., Garnett, S.P., Gaspoz, J.M., Gasull, M., Gates, L., Geleijnse, J.M., Ghasemian, A., Giampaoli, S., Gianfagna, F., Giovannelli, J., Giwercman, A., Goldsmith, R.A., Gonçalves, H., Gross, M.G., Rivas, J.P., Gorbea, M.B., Gottrand, F., Graff-Iversen, S., Grafnetter, D., Grajda, A., Grammatikopoulou, M.G., Gregor, R.D., Grodzicki, T., Grøntved, A., Gruden, G., Grujic, V., Gu, D., Gualdi-Russo, E., Guan, O.P., Gudnason, V., Guerrero, R., Guessous, I., Guimaraes, A.L., Gulliford, M.C., Gunnlaugsdottir, J., Gunter, M., Guo, X., Guo, Y., Gupta, P.C., Gureje, O., Gurzkowska, B., Gutierrez, L., Gutzwiller, F., Halkjær, J., Hambleton, I.R., Hardy, R., Kumar, R.H., Hata, J., Hayes, A.J., He, J., Hendriks, M.E., Cadena, L.H., Herrala, S., Heshmat, R., Hihtaniemi, I.T., Ho, S.Y., Ho, S.C., Hobbs, M., Hofman, A., Hormiga, C.M., Horta, B.L., Houti, L., Howitt, C., Htay, T.T., Htet, A.S., Htike, M.M., Hu, Y., Husseini, A., Huu, C.N., Huybrechts, I., Hwalla, N., Iacoviello, L., Iannone, A.G., Ibrahim, M.M., Ikeda, N., Ikram, M.A., Irazola, V.E., Islam, M., Ivkovic, V., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, R.T., Jacobs, J.M., Jafar, T., Jamil, K.M., Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I., Jasienska, G., Jelakovic, B., Jiang, C.Q., Joffres, M., Johansson, M., Jonas, J.B., Jørgensen, T., Joshi, P., Juolevi, A., Jurak, G., Jureša, V., Kaaks, R., Kafatos, A., Kalter-Leibovici, O., Kapantais, E., Kasaeian, A., Katz, J., Kaur, P., Kavousi, M., Keil, U., Boker, L.K., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, 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Instituto Politécnico do Porto, EMGO - Quality of care, Urology, Grand Challenges Canada, Wellcome Trust, Claessens, Frank, Staessen, Jan A, Thijs, Lutgarde, and Vanderschueren, Dirk
Subjects: estatura corporal, Epidemiology, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, medical research, pituuskasvu, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, adults, Public health surveillance, Biology (General), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, height, global, trends, POPULATION, Human Nutrition & Health, biological sciences, education.field_of_study, EVOLUÇÃO HUMANA, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, General Medicine, adulto, Hälsovetenskaper, Biological sciences, nutrition, OF-THE-LITERATURE, Medicine, GROWTH, HEALTH, Public Health, Human, QH301-705.5, Science, SECULAR CHANGES, Socio-culturale, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical research, None, Health Sciences, Humans, Human height, education, VLAG, Neuroscience (all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Adult human height, CHILD UNDERNUTRITION, 030104 developmental biology, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography, 0301 basic medicine, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Nutrition and Disease, Immunology and Microbiology (all), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, epidemiology, global health, none, Voeding en Ziekte, Stature -- History -- 20th century, Medicine and Health Sciences, aikuiset, General Neuroscience, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Body size, Adult, Body Height, Adult height, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.03 [https], Research Article, STATURE, South asia, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https], Stature, Tall, Population, Global health, Journal Article, Life Science, General Immunology and Microbiology, biological science, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.04 [https], Quarter (United States coin), trendit, BODY-MASS INDEX, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, korkeus, Epidemiology and Global Health, Cancer incidence, CANCER INCIDENCE, WEIGHT
Abstract: Article, Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3–19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8–144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries., published version, http://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerReviewed
Published: 2016

45. Frailty and healthcare costs—longitudinal results of a prospective cohort study

Author: Hajek, André, primary, Bock, Jens-Oliver, additional, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Matschinger, Herbert, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Holleczek, Bernd, additional, Haefeli, Walter E, additional, Heider, Dirk, additional, and König, Hans-Helmut, additional
Published: 2017
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46. Education achievement and type 2 diabetes—what mediates the relationship in older adults? Data from the ESTHER study: a population-based cohort study

Author: Steele, Christopher J, primary, Schöttker, Ben, additional, Marshall, Adele H, additional, Kouvonen, Anne, additional, O'Doherty, Mark G, additional, Mons, Ute, additional, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Boffetta, Paolo, additional, Trichopoulou, Antonia, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, and Kee, Frank, additional
Published: 2017
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47. DNA methylation signatures in peripheral blood strongly predict all-cause mortality

Author: Zhang, Yan, primary, Wilson, Rory, additional, Heiss, Jonathan, additional, Breitling, Lutz P., additional, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Schöttker, Ben, additional, Holleczek, Bernd, additional, Waldenberger, Melanie, additional, Peters, Annette, additional, and Brenner, Hermann, additional
Published: 2017
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48. Tobacco smoking and smoking-related DNA methylation are associated with the development of frailty among older adults

Author: Gao, Xu, primary, Zhang, Yan, additional, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Schöttker, Ben, additional, Breitling, Lutz Philipp, additional, and Brenner, Hermann, additional
Published: 2017
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49. Genetic Variants in the Vitamin D Pathway, 25(OH)D Levels, and Mortality in a Large Population-Based Cohort Study

Author: Ordóñez-Mena, José Manuel, primary, Maalmi, Haifa, additional, Schöttker, Ben, additional, Saum, Kai-Uwe, additional, Holleczek, Bernd, additional, Wang, Thomas J., additional, Burwinkel, Barbara, additional, and Brenner, Hermann, additional
Published: 2016
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50. Evidence for the free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing from the CHANCES consortium : a meta-analysis of individual participant data

Author: Schöttker, Ben, Brenner, Hermann, Jansen, Eugène HJM, Gardiner, Julian, Peasey, Anne, Kubínová, Růžena, Pająk, Andrzej, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Holleczek, Bernd, Pikhart, Hynek, and Bobak, Martin
Subjects: Male, Medicine(all), Aging, Cardiovascular mortality, Free Radicals, Epidemiology, Cancer mortality, Middle Aged, Death, Meta-analysis, Oxidative Stress, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Germany, Humans, Female, Europe, Eastern, Mortality, Cohort study, Reactive Oxygen Species, Biomarkers, Research Article, Aged
Abstract: Background The free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing has received considerable attention, but the evidence on the association of oxidative stress markers with mortality is sparse. Methods We measured derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolite (D-ROM) levels as a proxy for the reactive oxygen species concentration and total thiol levels (TTL) as a proxy for the redox control status in 10,622 men and women (age range, 45–85 years), from population-based cohorts from Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, and Lithuania, of whom 1,702 died during follow-up. Results Both oxidative stress markers were significantly associated with all-cause mortality independently from established risk factors (including inflammation) and from each other in all cohorts. Regarding cause-specific mortality, compared to low D-ROM levels (≤340 Carr U), very high D-ROM levels (>500 Carr U) were strongly associated with both cardiovascular (relative risk (RR), 5.09; 95 % CI, 2.67–9.69) and cancer mortality (RR, 4.34; 95 % CI, 2.31–8.16). TTL was only associated with CVD mortality (RR, 1.30; 95 % CI, 1.15–1.48, for one-standard-deviation-decrease). The strength of the association of TTL with CVD mortality increased with age of the participants (RR for one-standard-deviation-decrease in those aged 70–85 years was 1.65; 95 % CI, 1.22–2.24). Conclusions In these four population-based cohort studies from Central and Eastern Europe, the oxidative stress serum markers D-ROM and TTL were independently and strongly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition, D-ROM levels were also strongly associated with cancer mortality. This study provides epidemiological evidence supporting the free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing and suggests that d-ROMs and TTL are useful oxidative stress markers associated with premature mortality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0537-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2015

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