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The title compound, {[Ni(C14H18O4)(C11H9N3O)]·H2O}n, contains octahedrally coordinated NiII ions ligated by 1,3-adamantanediacetato (ada) ligands and N-(pyridin-3-yl)isonicotinamide (3-pina) ligands, to form coordination polymer layers with a triangular (3,6) grid topology based on [Ni2(OCO)2] dimeric units. The diperiodic layer motifs stack in an ABAB pattern mediated by C—H...O supramolecular interactions between ada ligands and water molecules of crystallization to form the full triperiodic crystal structure of the title compound.

The title compound, {[Cu(C10H8O4)(C16H20N4)]·H2O}n, contains square-planar coordinated CuII ions linked by 4-(carboxylatoethyl)benzoato (ceb) and 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazine (bpmp) ligands into a tri-periodic coordination polymer with twofold interpenetrating 658 cds topology. Positional crystallographic disorder among the copper atoms, the ethylcarboxy group of the ceb ligands, and the water molecules of crystallization exists in a refined 0.655 (6)/0.345 (6) ratio.

The title compound, {[Ni(C12H14O4)(C11H9N3O)(H2O)]·H2O}n, contains octahedrally coordinated NiII ions ligated by adamantane-1,3-dicarboxylate (adc) and N-(pyridin-3-yl)isonicotinamide (3-pina) ligands forming coordination polymer layers with a (4,4) grid topology. These diperiodic layer motifs aggregate in an AAA pattern mediated by supramolecular C—H...O interactions to form the full triperiodic crystal structure of the title compound.

The title compound, {[Cu(C10H7O4)2(C14H14N4O2)(H2O)2]n, contains octahedrally coordinated CuII ions ligated by two bis(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1-isobenzofuranacetate (dibf) ligands and two trans water molecules, linked by N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)dinicotinamide (edn) ligands into mono-periodic coordination polymer chains. The dibf ligands exhibit a pseudo-mirror positional disorder over two positions in a 89.2 (3)/10.8 (3) ratio; the central amide groups of the edn ligands are disordered pseudo-rotationally in the same ratio. These mono-periodic chain motifs are held into supramolecular di-periodic supramolecular layers by means of N—H...O hydrogen bonding between edn amide groups and unligated dibf carboxylate O atoms. In turn, the supramolecular layers are held by crystal packing forces into the full crystal structure of the title compound.

In the title compound, [Cu2(C4H4O4)2(C11H10N4O)]n, mono-periodic coordination polymer ribbons are held into the crystal structure by means of N—H...O hydrogen bonding and crystal packing forces.

The title compound, [Cu2(C5H6O4)2(C11H10N4O)]n, contains square-pyramidally coordinated CuII ions linked by anti-gauche conformation glutarate (glu) ligands into [Cu2(glu)2]n di-periodic coordination polymer layers with embedded [Cu2(OCO)4] paddlewheel clusters. In turn, the layer motifs are connected by 1,3-di(pyridin-3-yl)urea (3-dpu) linkers to form a [Cu2(glu)2(3-dpu)]n tri-periodic coordination polymer network. Treating the [Cu2(OCO)4] clusters as 6-connected nodes reveals an underlying 41263 pcu topology according to TOPOSPRO software [Blatov et al. (2014). Cryst. Growth Des. 14, 3576–3586].

The title compound, {[Zn(C10H6O4)(C16H16N4O2]·2.5H2O}n, contains five-coordinate ZnII ions intermediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal–bipyramidal coordination environments. The ZnII ions are connected by 2-carboxycinnamate (cca) ligands and N,N′-bis-(pyridine-4-carboxamido)piperazine (4-pcap) ligands to construct a non-interpenetrated, tri-periodic coordination polymer with embedded [Zn2(OCO)2] dimeric units. Treating these as six-connected nodes reveals an overall (41263) pcu topology. One of the 4-pcap piperazinyl rings is disordered equally over two sets of crystallographic positions.

The title compound, [Ni(C10H8O4)(C16H20N4)(H2O)2]n, contains NiII cations octahedrally surrounded within an [O4N2] coordination set. The cations are linked by 4-(carboxyethyl)benzoate (ceb) and 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazine (bpmp) ligands into tri-periodic diamondoid (dia) networks. The fivefold interpenetrated dia networks are held into the crystal structure by means of O—H...O hydrogen bonding between bound water molecules and unligated carboxylate O atoms of the ceb ligands.

In the title coordination polymer, [Cu2(C9H6O4)2(C16H20N4)]n, the CuII atoms in {NO4} square-pyramidal coordination environments are conjoined into diperiodic coordination polymer slabs by the full span of the bridging 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazine (bpmp) and 4-(carboxylethyl)benzoate (ceb) ligands. The slab motifs are expanded into the full crystal structure by means of longer-range C—H...O attractive interactions.

In the title compound, {[Cu(C10H8O4)(C14H14N4O2)]·H2O}n, the CuII cations are coordinated in a square-pyramidal fashion, with trans pyridyl-N donor atoms from two N-(2-(pyridin-3-ylamino)ethyl)isonicotinamide (pein) ligands in the basal plane. The other three coordination sites are taken up by carboxylate O-atom donors from three different 3-(2-carboxyphenyl)propionate (cpp) ligands. The central ethylenediamine segments of the pein ligands are disordered equally over two sets of positions. {Cu2O2} rhomboid clusters are connected into [Cu(cpp)(pein)]n (4,4) coordination polymer grids by the full span of the cpp and pein ligands. Individual layer motifs stack in an AAA pattern along the a axis by means of interlayer hydrogen-bonding interactions.

In the title compound, {[Zn2(C12H12O4)2(C11H10N4O)(H2O)]·3H2O}n, monoperiodic coordination polymer double strands are held into the triperiodic crystal structure by means of N—H...O hydrogen-bonding patterns between the amide groups of the 1,3-di(pyridin-4-yl)urea ligands and unligated O atoms belonging to 5-tert-butylisophthalate ligands. One of the Zn atoms displays a tetrahedral coordination environment, while the other Zn atom adopts a five-coordinate geometry intermediate between square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal. Additionally, O—H...O hydrogen-bonding patterns involving the water molecules of crystallization serve as a structure-stabilizing element by aggregating the double-strand motifs.

In the title compound, [Zn2(C9H6O4)2(C11H10N4O)2]n, diperiodic coordination polymer slabs with {3.648}{326.728} 4,4-connected binodal topology are held into a parallel interpenetrated triperiodic crystal structure by means of N—H...O hydrogen-bonding patterns.

In the title compound, {[Cu2(C10H8O4)2(C14H14N4O2)]·5H2O}n, the CuII cations are coordinated in a square-pyramidal fashion, with four 3-(2-carboxyphenyl)propionate (cpp) carboxylate O-atom donors in the basal plane, along with an N-atom donor from a N-[2-(pyridin-3-ylamino)ethyl]nicotinamide (pen) ligand in the apical position. [Cu2(cpp)2]n coordination polymer layer motifs with embedded {Cu2(OCO)4} paddlewheel clusters are thereby constructed. These layer motifs are connected into a three-dimensional [Cu2(cpp)2(pen)]n coordination polymer network by tethering pen ligands. Treating the {Cu2(OCO)4 paddelwheel clusters as 6-connected nodes reveals an underlying cross-pillared self-penetrated rob network with 48668 topology. The water molecules of crystallization are held to the coordination polymer network by N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding patterns.

In the title compound, {[Co(C9H6O4)(H2O)]·0.5C16H20N4·0.5H2O}n, two-dimensional coordination polymer slabs are held together in the three-dimensional crystal structure by means of O—H...N hydrogen bonding between bound water molecules and pyridyl N atoms of cocrystallized 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazine molecules.

In the title compound, {[Cu(C14H8O4)(C11H10N4O)(H2O)]·1.25H2O}n, the CuII cations are coordinated in a square-pyramidal fashion by trans carboxylate O-atom donors from two diphenate (dip) ligands, trans pyridyl N-atom donors from two bis(4-pyridyl)urea (bpu) ligands, and a ligated water molecule in the apical position. [Cu(H2O)(dip)(bpu)]n coordination polymer layer motifs are oriented parallel to (\overline{1}02). These layer motifs display a standard (4,4) rectangular grid topology and stack in an AAA pattern along the a-axis direction to form the full three-dimensional crystal structure of the title compound, mediated by N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonding patterns involving the water molecules of crystallization.

In the title compound, [Cd(C10H8O4)(H2O)2)]n, the CdII cation is coordinated in a distorted trigonal–prismatic fashion. 3-(4-Carboxyphenyl)propionate (cpp) ligands connect the CdII cations into zigzag [Cd(cpp)(H2O)2)]n coordination polymer chains, which are oriented parallel to [101]. The chains aggregate into supramolecular layers oriented parallel to (10\overline{1}) by means of O—H...O hydrogen bonding between bound water molecules and ligating cpp carboxylate O atoms. The layers stack in an ABAB pattern along [100] via other O—H...O hydrogen-bonding mechanisms also involving the bound water molecules. The crystal studied was an inversion twin.

In the title compound, [Zn(C9H6O4)]n, the ZnII cations are coordinated in a tetrahedral fashion by carboxylate O-atom donors belonging to four 4-(carboxymethyl) benzoate (4-cmb) ligands. Each 4-cmb ligand binds to four ZnII cations in an exotetradentate fashion to create a non-interpenetrated [Zn(4-cmb)]n three-dimensional coordination polymer network with a new non-diamondoid 66 topology. The crystal studied was refined as an inversion twin.

In the title compound, [Cd2(C9H6O5)2(H2O)2]n, the crystallographically distinct CdII cations are coordinated in pentagonal–bipyramidal and octahedral fashions. The 2-(carboxymethoxy)benzoate (cmb) ligands connect the Cd atoms into [Cd2(cmb)2(H2O)2)]n coordination polymer ribbons that are oriented along the a-axis direction. Supramolecular layers are formed parallel to (01\overline{1}) by O—H...O hydrogen bonding between the ribbons. The supramolecular three-dimensional crystal structure of the title compound is then constructed by π–π stacking interactions with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.622 (2) Å between cmb ligands in adjacent layer motifs.

The title compound, [Cd2(C8H8O4)2]n, crystallizes in the centrosymmetric monoclinic P21/n space group. Via cis-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate ligands in two different binding modes, square pyramidally and pentagonal bipyramidally coordinated Cd atoms are connected into coordination polymer layer motifs oriented parallel to the ab plane. These layered motifs are aggregated into the three-dimensional supramolecular crystal structure of the title compound by means of crystal packing forces.

In the title compound, [Ni(C4H5NO4)(C10H9N3)(H2O)]n, the NiII cations are octahedrally coordinated by an N atom donor and two O donor atoms belonging to a tridentate iminodiacetate (ida) ligand in a fac fashion, an O atom donor from an aqua ligand, and cis-disposed pyridyl N donor atoms from two 4,4′-dipyridylamine (dpa) ligands. The dpa ligands are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.594 (7):0.406 (7) ratio. Through the bridging dpa ligands, [Ni(ida)(dpa)(H2O)]n zigzag coordination polymer chains are formed that are oriented along the b-axis direction. These chain motifs are anchored into the three-dimensional supramolecular crystal structure of the title compound by means of O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen-bonding pathways.

In the title compound, [CuNa2(C9H4O6)2(H2O)4]n, the CuII cations are square-planar coordinated by carboxylate O-atom donors from four different hydrogen benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate (btcH) ligands, thereby forming [Cu(btcH)2]n2n− coordination polymer ribbons. These are connected by octahedrally coordinated and hydrated NaI cations within Na2(μ-H2O)2 clusters to construct the full [Na2(H2O)4Cu(btcH)2]n three-dimensional coordination polymer.

The title cocrystal, C8H12O4·C17H20N4O2·2H2O, shows O—H...N hydrogen bonded supramolecular chain motifs of cis-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (H2cdc) molecules alternating with N,N′-(pentane-1,5-diyl)bis(pyridine-4-carboxamide)pentane (bpcpe) molecules. These chain motifs are aggregated by C—H...O interactions into supramolecular layers and slabs, which are stacked into the three-dimensional crystal structure by means of O—H...O interactions mediated by the water molecules of crystallization.

In the title compound, [Cd(C14H19O4)2(C16H16N4O2)]n, the CdII cation is coordinated in a distorted octahedral fashion by trans pyridyl N-atom donors from two N,N′-bis(pyridine-4-carboxamido)piperazine (bpcp) ligands, and chelating carboxylate groups from two 2-[3-(carboxymethyl)adamantan-1-yl]acetate ligands. [Cd(adaH)(bpcp)]n coordination polymer chains are oriented along [-111] and aggregate into supramolecular layers parallel to (122) by O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The supramolecular three-dimensional crystal structure is then constructed by interlayer C—H...O non-classical interactions. The O atoms of one of the carboxylate groups were refined as disordered over two sets of sites, with occupancies 0.553 (7) and 0.447 (7).

In the title solvated coordination complex, [Ni(C8H5O4)2(C14H14N4O2)2(H2O)2]·6H2O, the NiII cation is octahedrally coordinated by trans carboxylate O-atom donors from two crystallographically distinct monodentate hydrogen phthalate (Hpht−) ligands, two trans aqua ligands, and trans pyridyl N-atom donors from two crystallographically distinct N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(isonicotinamide) (ebin) ligands. Extensive O—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen-bonding patterns involving the water molecules of crystallization anchor neighboring coordination complexes into a three-dimensional network.

In the crystal structure of the title co-crystal, C25H32N4O2·C8H6O4, isophthalic acid and [propane-1,3-diylbis(piperidine-4,1-diyl)]bis(pyridin-4-ylmethanone) molecules are connected into supramolecular chains aligned along the c axis by O—H...N hydrogen bonding. These aggregate into supramolecular layers oriented parallel to the ac plane by C—H...O interactions. These layers then stack in an ABCD pattern along the b-axis direction by additional C—H...O interactions to give the full three-dimensional crystal structure. The central chain in the dipyridylamide molecule has an anti–gauche conformation.

In the title co-crystal, C25H32N4O2·C14H10O5, molecules are connected into supramolecular chains aligned along [102] by O—H...N hydrogen bonding. These aggregate into supramolecular layers oriented parallel to (20-1) by C—H...O interactions. These layers then stack in an ABAB pattern along the c crystal direction to give the full three-dimensional crystal structure. The central chain in the dipyridylamide has an anti–anti conformation. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring planes is 29.96 (3)°. Disorder is noted in some of the residues in the structure and this is manifested in two coplanar dispositions of one statistically disordered carboxylic acid group.

In the title compound, {[Co(C10H8O6)(C16H20N4)(H2O)2]·5H2O}n, octahedrally coordinated CoII ions on crystallographic inversion centres are bound by trans O atoms belonging to two hydroquinone-O,O′-diacetate (hqda) anions {systematic name: 2,2′-[(1,4-phenylene)bis(oxy)]diacetate}, two trans-pyridine N-donor atoms from two bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazine (4-bpmp) ligands, and two trans aqua ligands. The exobidentate hqda and 4-bpmp ligands form [Co(hqda)(4-bpmp)(H2O)2]n coordination polymer layers parallel to (110) that are anchored into the full crystal structure by O—H...O hydrogen bonding between aqua ligands and ligated hqda O atoms. Disordered water molecules of crystallization occupy incipient channels along [100]. However, these could not modeled reliably and so they were treated with SQUEEZE in PLATON [Spek (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155]; the crystal data take the presence of these molecules into account. The crystal under investigation was twinned by non-merohedry, the twin fraction of the components being 53.3% and 46.7%. Only data from the major twin component were used in the refinement.

In the title compound, [Cu(C11H10N3O)2(C8H4O5)2]·4H2O, the CuII ion, located on a crystallographic inversion center, is coordinated in a square-planar environment by two trans-O atoms belonging to two monodentate 5-hydroxyisophthalate (hip) dianions and two trans nicotinamide pyridyl N-donor atoms from monodentate protonated pendant N-(pyridin-4-yl)nicotinamide (4-pnaH) ligands. The protonated 4-pyridylamine groups engage in N—H+...O− hydrogen-bond donation to unligated hip O atoms to construct supramolecular chain motifs parallel to [100]. Water molecules of crystallization, situated between the chains, engage in O—H...O hydrogen bonding to form supramolecular layers and the overall three-dimensional network structure.

In the title compound, [Cu(C4H2O4)(C11H9N3O)2(H2O)]n, CuII ions on crystallographic twofold rotation axes are coordinated in a square pyramidal environment by two trans O atoms belonging to two monodentate fumarate anions, two trans isonicotinamide pyridyl N-donor atoms from monodentate, pendant 3-pyridylisonicotinamide (3-pina) ligands, and one apical aqua ligand, also sited on the crystallographic twofold rotation axis. The exobidentate fumarate ligands form [Cu(fumarate)(3-pina)2(H2O)]n coordination polymer chains that are arranged parallel to [001]. In the crystal, these polymeric chains are anchored into supramolecular layers parallel to (100) by O—H...O hydrogen bonds between aqua ligands and unligating fumarate O atoms, and N—H...O(=C) hydrogen bonds between 3-pina ligands. In turn, the layers aggregate by weak C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, affording a three-dimensional network.

In the polymeric title compound, [Cu3(C7H5O2)6(C11H9N3O)2]n, square-planar-coordinated CuII ions on crystallographic inversion centres are bound by two monodentate benzoate anions. The resulting [Cu(benzoate)]2 fragments are joined to centrosymmetic [Cu2(benzoate)4] paddlewheel clusters [Cu...Cu = 2.6331 (5) Å] by means of bridging N-(pyridin-4-yl)nicotinamide (4-pna) ligands [dihedral angle between the aromatic rings = 39.18 (12)°], thereby forming [Cu3(benzoate)6(4-pna)2]n coordination-polymer chains that are arranged parallel to the [30-1] crystal direction. These polymeric chains are anchored into supramolecular layers by N—H...O hydrogen bonding between neighboring 4-pna ligands. These layers aggregate by crystal packing forces to afford the crystal structure of the title compound.

In the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C11H9N3O)2(H2O)2], the octahedrally coordinated CoII ion lies on a crystallographic inversion center and is bound by two isothiocyanate ligands, two aqua ligands and two N-(pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide (4-pina) ligands. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings in the 4-pina ligand is 8.98 (11)°. In the crystal, the individual molecular units are aggregated in three dimensions by O—H...N, O—H...S and N—H...S hydrogen-bonding pathways.

In the title compound, [Cu2(C8H4BrO4)4(C16H20N4)(H2O)2], slightly distorted square-planar-coordinated CuII ions are bound by one aqua ligand and two monodentate 3-bromo-5-carboxybenzoate anions, and linked into a centrosymmetric dinuclear molecule by a bridging 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazine (4-bpmp) ligand. In the crystal, molecules are connected into a supramolecular two-dimensional network parallel to (131) via O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the aqua ligands and 3-bromo-5-carboxybenzoate carboxylate groups.

In the title compound, {[Cd(C10H8O4)(H2O)3]·2H2O}n, pentagonal–bipyramidally coordinated CdII ions on a twofold rotation axis are linked by tethering 1,4-phenylenediacetate (1,4-phda) ligands into [Cd(1,4-phda)(H2O)3]n coordination polymer chains. The chain motifs are oriented parallel to the c-axis direction. Individual chains are connected into a supramolecular network via O—H...O hydrogen bonding involving the aqua ligands.

In the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C16H16N4O2)]n, the octahedrally coordinated CoII ion lies on a crystallographic inversion center, with trans isothiocyanate ligands. Pyridyl N-donor atoms and formyl O-donor atoms from exotetradentate bis(4-pyridylcarbonyl)piperazine (4-bpfp) ligands link the Co(NCS)2 units into a [Co(NCS)2(4-bpfp)]n coordination polymer layer that is oriented parallel to (101). The layers stack along [010] to construct the pseudo-three-dimensional structure.

In the title compound, [Cd2(C6H8O4)2(C16H20N4)(H2O)4]n, pentagonal-bipyramidally coordinated CdII ions are connected into {Cd2(2,2-dimethylsuccinate)2(H2O)4} centrosymmetric dimeric clusters. In turn, these clusters are linked by tethering 1,4-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (3-bpmp) ligands into [Cd2(2,2-dimethylsuccinate)2(3-bpmp)(H2O)4]n coordination polymer chains. The chain motifs are oriented parallel to [1overline{1}0]. Individual chains are connected into supramolecular layers via O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding mechanisms.

In the title compound, [Cu(C8H4O4)(C16H20N4)(H2O)]n, square-pyramidally coordinated CuII ions are linked into [Cu(H2O)(isophthalate)]n coordination polymer chains by isophthalate dianions. These chains are connected into undulating [Cu(H2O)(isophthalate)(3-bpmp)]n [3-bmp is bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine] layers by 3-bpmp tethering ligands. The pseudo three-dimensional structure of the title compound is fostered by interlayer O—H...O hydrogen bonding between the aqua ligands and unligated isophthalate O atoms. The selected crystal was non-merohedrally twinned. Only reflections from the major twin component were used in the solution and refinement.

In the title compound, [Zn(N3)2(C10H9N3)]n, tetrahedrally coordinated ZnII ions with two monodentate azide ligands are linked into zigzag one-dimensional chain motifs by di-4-pyridylamine (dpa) tethers. Individual [Zn(N3)2(dpa)]n chains are connected into supramolecular layers via N—H...N hydrogen bonding between the central amine groups of the dpa ligands and terminal unligated azide N atoms. The azide ligands in one supramolecular layer penetrate through the neighboring layers above and below, allowing stacking into a three-dimensional structure.

In the title compound, {(C16H22N4)[Co(C10H2O8)(H2O)4]·2H2O}n, the octahedrally coordinated CoII atom is situated on an inversion center and possesses four aqua ligands. The Co atoms are linked into an anionic coordination polymer chain by bis-monodentate pyromellitate ligands. The chain motifs are connected into a supramolecular layer by hydrogen bonding mediated by uncoordinated water molecules. Charge balance is provided by doubly protonated bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine units, which are anchored to the coordination polymer chain motifs by N—H...O hydrogen bonding.

In the title compound, [Cu(C8H4NO6)2(C13H14N2)]n, the square-planar coordinated CuII ion lies on an inversion centre and is coordinated by two protonated 5-nitroisophthalate ligands. The CuII ions are linked into a one-dimensional coordination polymer by tethering 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands, whose central methylene C atoms are situated on twofold rotation axes. The chains are oriented parallel to the c axis, and stack into a supramolecular three-dimensional structure through O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions.

In the title compound, {[CdCl2(C16H20N4)2]·4H2O}n, octahedrally coordinated CdII ions, situated on crystallographic inversion centres, bearing trans-disposed chloride ligands, are linked into (4,4)-grid coordination polymer layers by tethering 1,4-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine ligands. The layers are aligned parallel to the (overline{1}01) crystal planes and aggregate by means of O—H...N, O—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen-bonding mechanisms imparted by cyclic water molecule tetramers.

In the title salt, C16H21N4+·ClO4−·0.5C4H4O4, fumaric acid molecules, situated across crystallographic inversion centres, are O—H...N hydrogen bonded to two protonated 1,4-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine cations, forming trimolecular units. These construct one-dimensional supramolecular ribbons by N—H...N hydrogen bonding, and further aggregate via π–π interactions [shortest C...C contact = 3.640 (1) Å] and perchlorate-mediated C—H...O interactions.

In the title compound, [ZnCl2(C16H20N4)]n, tetrahedrally coordinated divalent Zn atoms are ligated by two Cl atoms and two N-donor atoms from two 1,4-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (3-bpmp) ligands. The tethering 3-bpmp ligands promote the formation of [ZnCl2(3-bpmp)]n chains situated parallel to (overline{1}02). These chains aggregate via C—H...Cl interactions to form supramolecular layers, which in turn stack to construct the three-dimensional crystal structure.

In the title salt, C10H10N3+·ClO4−, the 4-(4-pyridylamino)pyridinium cations are linked into chains via N—H...N hydrogen bonding and into layers by C—H...π interactions [C...Cg = 3.3875 (19) Å]. Perchlorate ions are anchored to the layer motifs by N—H...O hydrogen bonding. The perchlorate anion was found to be disordered about a Cl—O axis, with two sites, each of equal occupancy, being resolved for the three remaining O atoms.

In the title compound, {(C10H11N3)[Zn3(C8H4O4)4]·2H2O}n, divalent Zn atoms are linked into trinuclear units featuring tetrahedral, octahedral and distorted tetrahedral, octahedral and square-pyramidal coordination geometries. These trinuclear units are connected by isopthalate dianions into [Zn3(isophthalate)4]n2n− anionic layers, which aggregate into the three-dimensional structure via hydrogen-bonding pathways mediated by doubly protonated 4,4′-iminodipyridinium cations and water molecules of crystallization. One solvent water molecule was found to be disordered over two positions, each with a 50% site-occupancy factor.

In the title compound, [Ni(C5H6O4)2(C10H10N3)2]·6H2O, divalent nickel ions situated on the crystallographic twofold axis are octahedrally coordinated by four O atoms from two dimethylmalonate ligands in a 1,3-chelating mode and two N atoms from two protonated monodentate 4,4′-dipyridylamine molecules. The molecules link into chains via N—H...O hydrogen bonding mediated by protonated pyridyl groups. The chains form layer patterns via π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distance = 3.777 (2) Å] . Water molecule hexamers are generated from the unligated water molecules (three per asymmetric unit) by inversion centers at Wyckoff position d. These clusters are situated between the pseudolayers, providing hydrogen-bonding pathways that build up the three-dimensional structure.

In the title salt, {(C10H11N3)[V4O8(PO4)2]}n, cubane-like [V4O8]4+ clusters are connected by phosphate anions into anionic [V4P2O16]n2n− layers. These aggregate into the three-dimensional structure via N—H...O hydrogen-bonding mechanisms imparted by 4,4′-iminodipyridinium dications situated between the layers.

In the title compound, [Cu2Cl2(C11H8N2O)]n, stair-like ribbons of formula [Cu2Cl2]n are linked into coordination polymer layers by tethering (3-pyridyl)(4-pyridyl)methanone (3,4′-dpk) ligands. The two distinct CuI centres both adopt distorted CuNCl3 tetrahedral coordinations. Individual [Cu2Cl2(3,4′-dpk)]n layers stack in an AB pattern along the c direction by way of weak C—H...O interactions between the pyridyl rings and ketone O atoms.

In the title compound, {[Cu(C5H6O4)(ClO4)(C16H22N4)]ClO4·2H2O}n, square-pyramidally coordinated Cu atoms with perchlorate and dimethylmalonate ligands are connected into cationic sinusoidal coordination polymer chains by doubly protonated bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (3-bpmp) ligands. The chains aggregate into pseudo-layers parallel to the (101) crystal planes by N—H...O hydrogen bonding. Unligated perchlorate anions and water molecules of crystallization provide additional hydrogen bonding between pseudo-layers.

In the title compound, {[Co(C10H8N2)(H2O)4](ClO4)2·2C10H8N2·2H2O}n, slightly distorted octahedrally coordinated CoII ions situated on inversion centers are linked into polycationic chains through 4,4′-bipyridine tethering ligands. These are connected into supramolecular layers by hydrogen bonding involving aqua ligands, perchlorate anions and uncoordinated water molecules. A twofold interpenetrated primitive cubic supramolecular network is formed by the interaction of pseudo-layers by hydrogen bonding between aqua ligands and unligated 4,4′-bipyridine molecules.

In the title salt, C10H11N32+·2C8H5O4−, doubly protonated 4,4′-dipyridylamine (dpa) cations participate in N—H...O hydrogen bonding with two hydrogen phthalate anions to form a neutral unit. Both anions contain an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond. In the crystal structure, these units form two-dimensional layers through π–π stacking interactions with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.763 (3) Å. In turn, these layers aggregate in three dimensions by additional N—H...O hydrogen bonding. The assignment to the noncentrosymmetric space group P1 is corroborated by chemically unreasonable aromatic ring bond distances and poor K scale factor distributions for a disordered model in the centrosymmetric Poverline{1} space group.