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1. Participatory-action research leading to transformation of scientific disciplines’ interrelations, research paths, actors’ reasoning, and viticultural practices

Author

Masson Jean Eugène

Subjects
scientific disciplines, transformation, reasoning, participatory-action research, vine and environment health, Science, Social Sciences
Abstract

Scientific disciplines have been studying the impact of human activities on the planet since 1972 and have developed accurate scenarios. However, they have faced challenges in effecting timely changes. In their pursuit of excellence, these disciplines may have become excessively specialized, isolating themselves from one another and hindering their ability to tackle complex problems. As a solution we could envisage fostering interdisciplinary relationships between these disciplines, or involving society at large. However, both options would require dealing with different systems of evidence, languages, epistemologies, and temporalities. In the field of viticulture, despite numerous projects spanning more than two decades, the global use of harmful pesticides has persisted, leading us down a dead-end. Designing more environmentally friendly viticultural practices and extending beyond agriculture has consequently become an urgent and crucial issue. In this paper I compare the contributions of various disciplines and their relationships with one another in addressing this issue through a series of projects ranging from monodisciplinarity to interdisciplinarity. We also discuss their limitations in resolving the problem at hand. Drawing on ten years of experience in participatory-action research, we propose moving beyond interdisciplinary approaches and embracing a ‘transformative’ transdisciplinary path. This approach can profoundly transform all stages of research, from formulating questions to generating knowledge and implementing actions. Transformative participatory-action research also impacts relationships between disciplines and between researchers and societal actors, as well as the forms of reasoning involved. I suggest that such an epistemology, while better suited to dealing with complexity, can contribute to a much-anticipated sea change in the world.

Published
2024
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2. OP-023 Feasibility of short enteral feeding for bronchiolitis to avoid hospitalization

Author

Haesebaert Julie, Gaudin Amandine, Peralta Aude, Toumi Chadia, Finci Sabine, Agodomou Tossavi, Horvat Come, Toin Tom, Masson Elsa, Panetta Luc, Ouziel Antoine, Receveur Matthieu, Mezgueldi Ellia, Déal Marie-Hélène, Cheyssac Philippe, Chassery Carine, Cantais Aymeric, Launay Elise, Guiheneuf Cécile, Javouhey Etienne, Casalegno Jean-Sebastien, Gillet Yves, and Ploin Dominique

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Published
2024
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3. Factors perceived by health professionals to be barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children: a systematic review

Author

Guillemette Lienhart, Masson Elsa, Pierre Farge, Anne-Marie Schott, Beatrice Thivichon-Prince, and Marc Chanelière

Subjects
Dental caries, Children, Health promotion, Systematic review, Attitude of health personnel, Primary care, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Abstract Background Considered the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in childhood, dental caries is both an individual and a collective burden. While international guidelines highlight prevention as a major strategy for caries management in children, health professionals still struggle to implement prevention into their clinical practice. Further research is needed to understand the gap between the theoretical significance of dental prevention and its lack of implementation in the clinical setting. This systematic review aims to identify and classify factors perceived by health professionals to be barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children. Method A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science and Cairn). Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts and texts. To be selected, studies had to focus on barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children and include health professionals as study participants. Qualitative and quantitative studies were selected. The factors influencing caries prevention in children were sorted into 3 main categories (clinician-related factors, patient-related factors, and organizational-related factors) and then classified according to the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Results A total of 1771 references were found by combining manual and database searches. Among them, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which half were qualitative and half were quantitative studies. Dentists (n = 12), pediatricians (n = 11), nurses (n = 9), and physicians (n = 5) were the most frequently interviewed health professionals in our analysis. Barriers and facilitators to caries prevention in children were categorized into 12 TDF domains. The most frequently reported domains were Environmental Context and Resources, Knowledge and Professional Role and Identity. Conclusion This systematic review found that a wide range of factors influence caries prevention in children. Our analysis showed that barriers to pediatric oral health promotion affect all stages of the health care system. By highlighting the incompatibility between the health care system’s organization and the implementation of caries prevention, this study aims to help researchers and policy-makers design new interventions to improve children’s access to caries prevention. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42022304545.

Published
2023
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5. Artisanal and farmer bread making practices differently shape fungal species community composition in French sourdoughs

Author

Michel, Elisa, Masson, Estelle, Bubbendorf, Sandrine, Lapicque, Léocadie, Nidelet, Thibault, Segond, Diego, Guézenec, Stéphane, Marlin, Thérèse, Devillers, Hugo, Rué, Olivier, Onno, Bernard, Legrand, Judith, and Sicard, Delphine

Subjects
Archaeology, CC1-960, Science
Abstract

Preserving microbial diversity in food systems is one of the many challenges to be met to achieve food security and quality. Although industrialization led to the selection and spread of specific fermenting microbial strains, there are still ongoing artisanal processes that may allow the conservation of a wider species diversity and genetic diversity. We examined whether the diversity of artisanal practices could lead to an increased level in fungal species diversity for bread making. We used an interdisciplinary participatory research approach including bakers, psycho-sociologists and microbiologists to analyze French bread making practices and describe fungal communities in naturally fermented sourdough of 27 bakers and 12 farmer bakers. Bread making practices were classified in two groups: the farmer-like practice group and the artisanal-like practice group. The well-known bakery yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was dominant (i.e. with a relative abundance over 50%) in only 24% of sourdoughs while other yeast species, belonging to the Kazachstania genus, were dominant in 54% of sourdoughs. Bread making practices were found to drive the distribution of fungal species across sourdoughs. The most striking bread making practice effect was the occurrence of Kazachstania humilis in sourdoughs made with artisanal-like practices and the occurrence of Kazachstania bulderi in sourdoughs made with farmer-like practices. Phenotypic divergences between sourdough and non-sourdough strains were found for K. humilis but not for K. bulderi. Overall, our results showed that preserving bread making practice diversity allows the preservation of a higher species and phenotypic diversity in microbial communities.

Published
2023
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7. Focus – Surveillance de la contamination chimique des sédiments dans les cours d’eau : pertinence de l’échantillonnage intégratif des matières en suspension

Author

DABRIN, Aymeric, YARI, Anice, MASSON, Matthieu, and LE COZ, Jérôme

Subjects
état écologique, cours d'eau, directive cadre européenne sur l'eau, sédiment, contamination chimique, granulométrie, échantillonnage, matière en suspension, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Plusieurs études ont montré que l’utilisation des matières en suspension était plus pertinente que celle du sédiment pour évaluer la contamination chimique de la matrice sédimentaire. Dans cette note, les auteurs préconisent l’utilisation de pièges à particules car ils permettent de récupérer une quantité importante de matières en suspension nécessaire aux différentes analyses chimiques et d’intégrer la dynamique de la contamination sur la période de déploiement.

Published
2021

8. 1921–2021: 100 years of macroseismic studies at BCSF

Author

Sira, Christophe, Cara, Michel, Schlupp, Antoine, Masson, Frédéric, Schaming, Marc, and Mendel, Véronique

Subjects
Earthquake, Macroseismic survey, Intensity, Macroseismic questionnaire, Seismic hazard, Ground motion, Historical archives, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The French Central Seismological Bureau (BCSF) was set up in Strasbourg in July 1921 by a governmental decision. Since then, BCSF is in charge of the macroseismic survey for the French territories. One of its main tasks is to determine macroseismic intensity in the different localities after each felt earthquake. This paper shows how the way of collecting macroseismic information evolved with time through the analysis of questionnaires sent to various dissemination networks and by using different methods and macroseismic scales. In context of a renewal of interest in macroseismic data, we present their main uses, as well as some perspectives for the forthcoming years. The quality of macroseismic data, together with the improvement of the analytical methods and the accessibility to BCSF data, in particular those from our archives, remain at the heart of our concerns and objectives.

Published
2021
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9. The neutron veto of the XENONnT experiment: Results with demineralized water

Author

XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morá, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Radiogenic neutrons emitted by detector materials are one of the most challenging backgrounds for the direct search of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). To mitigate this background, the XENONnT experiment is equipped with a novel gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector, which encloses the xenon dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The neutron veto (NV) tags neutrons via their capture on gadolinium or hydrogen, which release $\gamma$-rays that are subsequently detected as Cherenkov light. In this work, we present the key features and the first results of the XENONnT NV when operated with demineralized water in the initial phase of the experiment. Its efficiency for detecting neutrons is $(82\pm 1)\,\%$, the highest neutron detection efficiency achieved in a water Cherenkov detector. This enables a high efficiency of $(53\pm 3)\,\%$ for the tagging of WIMP-like neutron signals, inside a tagging time window of $250\,\mathrm{\mu s}$ between TPC and NV, leading to a livetime loss of $1.6\,\%$ during the first science run of XENONnT.

Published
2024

10. Search for Orphan Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the alert broker Fink

Author

Masson, Marina and Bregeon, Johan

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Orphan gamma-ray burst afterglows are good candidates to learn more about the GRB physics and progenitors or for the development of multi-messenger analysis with gravitational waves. Our objective is to identify orphan afterglows in Rubin LSST data, by using the characteristic features of their light curves. In this work, we generated a population of short GRBs based on the Swift SBAT4 catalogue, and we simulated their off-axis afterglow light curves with afterglowpy. We then used the rubin_sim package to simulate observations of these orphan afterglows with Rubin LSST and proceeded with the characterisation of orphan light curves by extracting a number of parameters. The same parameters are computed for the ELAsTiCC (Extended LSST Astronomical Time-series Classification Challenge) data set, a simulated alert stream of the Rubin LSST data. We then started to develop a machine learning filter able to discriminate orphan-like events among all the variable objects. We present here the performance of our filter as implemented in the Fink broker and tested on the ELAsTiCC data set and our own Rubin pseudo-observation simulations., Comment: Contribution to the 2024 Very High Energy Phenomena in the Universe session of the 58th Rencontres de Moriond

Published
2024

11. Search for Light Dark Matter in Low-Energy Ionization Signals from XENONnT

Author

Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on a blinded search for dark matter with single- and few-electron signals in the first science run of XENONnT relying on a novel detector response framework that is physics-model-dependent. We derive 90\% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron interactions. Heavy and light mediator cases are considered for the standard halo model and dark matter up-scattered in the Sun. We set stringent new limits on dark matter-electron scattering via a heavy mediator with a mass within 10-20\,MeV/$c^2$ and electron absorption of axion-like particles and dark photons for $m_\chi$ below 0.186\,keV/$c^2$., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

12. Commissioning An All-Sky Infrared Camera Array for Detection Of Airborne Objects

Author

Dominé, Laura, Biswas, Ankit, Cloete, Richard, Delacroix, Alex, Fedorenko, Andriy, Jacaruso, Lucas, Kelderman, Ezra, Keto, Eric, Little, Sarah, Loeb, Abraham, Masson, Eric, Prior, Mike, Schultz, Forrest, Szenher, Matthew, Watters, Wes, and White, Abby

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

To date there is little publicly available scientific data on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) whose properties and kinematics purportedly reside outside the performance envelope of known phenomena. To address this deficiency, the Galileo Project is designing, building, and commissioning a multi-modal ground-based observatory to continuously monitor the sky and conduct a rigorous long-term aerial census of all aerial phenomena, including natural and human-made. One of the key instruments is an all-sky infrared camera array using eight uncooled long-wave infrared FLIR Boson 640 cameras. Their calibration includes a novel extrinsic calibration method using airplane positions from Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data. We establish a first baseline for the system performance over five months of field operation, using a real-world dataset derived from ADS-B data, synthetic 3-D trajectories, and a hand-labelled real-world dataset. We report acceptance rates (e.g. viewable airplanes that are recorded) and detection efficiencies (e.g. recorded airplanes which are successfully detected) for a variety of weather conditions, range and aircraft size. We reconstruct $\sim$500,000 trajectories of aerial objects from this commissioning period. A toy outlier search focused on large sinuosity of the 2-D reconstructed trajectories flags about 16% of trajectories as outliers. After manual review, 144 trajectories remain ambiguous: they are likely mundane objects but cannot be elucidated at this stage of development without distance and kinematics estimation or other sensor modalities. Our observed count of ambiguous outliers combined with systematic uncertainties yields an upper limit of 18,271 outliers count for the five-month interval at a 95% confidence level. This likelihood-based method to evaluate significance is applicable to all of our future outlier searches.

Published
2024

13. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory

Author

XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60 to 80 t capable of probing the remaining WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3$\sigma$ discovery potential half-life of 5.7$\times$10$^{27}$ yr (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3$\times$10$^{28}$ yr) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024

14. The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author

XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for a next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. The detector will have an active liquid xenon target mass of 60-80 tonnes and is proposed by the XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) collaboration. The design is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology of the current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. A baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components are discussed. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory is also projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the atmosphere, sun, and galactic supernovae., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures

Published
2024

15. Optomechanical self-organization in a mesoscopic atom array

Author

Ho, Jacquelyn, Lu, Yue-Hui, Xiang, Tai, Rusconi, Cosimo C., Masson, Stuart J., Asenjo-Garcia, Ana, Yan, Zhenjie, and Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

A fundamental challenge in modern physics is bridging the gap between an exact description of few-body microscopic systems and the emergent description of many-body macroscopic systems. This gap may be bridged by tracing the properties of well-controlled intermediate-size mesoscopic systems. Here, we study mesoscopic signatures of a spatial self-organization phase transition in deterministically prepared arrays of between 10 and 22 atoms inside an optical cavity. Through precise engineering of the atom-cavity interactions, we reveal how critical behavior depends on atom number. We identify characteristic dynamical behaviors related to symmetry breaking and system size in the self-organized regime, and observe a finite optomechanical susceptibility at the critical point. This work opens the door to probing particle-number- and time-resolved properties of phase transitions in mesoscopic systems., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024

16. 'My Earth' Astrophysics and Planets -- a serious game to build low carbon scenarios in the astronomy academic community

Author

Malbet, Fabien, Santerne, Alexandre, Milli, Julien, Champollion, Nicolas, Lamy, Laurent, Imbaud, Hélène, Gaunet, Florence, Masson, Thierry, Daré, Anne-Marie, Gratiot, Nicolas, and Bellemain, Pascal

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This report summarizes what has happened in the mini-workshops entitled ''My Earth in 180 minutes'' organized during the lunch break at the SF2A 2024 conference in Marseille. The project showcased an innovative serious game designed to raise awareness of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in astronomical research laboratories. Participants, organized into teams, simulate strategies to reduce their carbon footprints by 50\%, focusing on key astronomical activities such as space instrumentation, data analysis, and laboratory work. The sessions highlight the challenges of achieving significant emissions reductions without disrupting core research activities, such as telescope observations. While the serious game facilitates important discussions on sustainable practices, the results point to the need for broader engagement, adaptation to different cultural contexts, and institutional support. The project highlights the importance of integrating climate action into the academic environment and suggests potential future directions for expanding its impact., Comment: SF2A 2024, Jun 2024, Marseille, France

Published
2024

17. Visual Writing: Writing by Manipulating Visual Representations of Stories

Author

Masson, Damien, Zhao, Zixin, and Chevalier, Fanny

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

We introduce "visual writing", an approach to writing stories by manipulating visuals instead of words. Visual writing relies on editable visual representations of time, entities, events, and locations to offer representations more suited to specific editing tasks. We propose a taxonomy for these representations and implement a prototype software supporting the visual writing workflow. The system allows writers to edit the story by alternating between modifying the text and manipulating visual representations to edit entities, actions, locations, and order of events. We evaluate this workflow with eight creative writers and find visual writing can help find specific passages, keep track of story elements, specify edits, and explore story variations in a way that encourages creativity.

Published
2024

18. Deterministic generation of photonic entangled states using decoherence-free subspaces

Author

Rubies-Bigorda, Oriol, Masson, Stuart J., Yelin, Susanne F., and Asenjo-Garcia, Ana

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We propose the use of collective states of matter as a resource for the deterministic generation of quantum states of light, which are fundamental for quantum information technologies. Our minimal model consists of three emitters coupled to a half-waveguide, i.e., a one-dimensional waveguide terminated by a mirror. Photon-mediated interactions between the emitters result in the emergence of bright and dark states. The dark states form a decoherence-free subspace, protected from dissipation. Local driving of the emitters and control of their resonance frequencies allows to perform arbitrary quantum gates within the decoherence-free subspace. Coupling to bright states facilitates photon emission, thereby enabling the realization of quantum gates between light and matter. We demonstrate that sequential application of these gates leads to the generation of photonic entangled states, such as Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and one- and two-dimensional cluster states.

Published
2024

19. Model-independent searches of new physics in DARWIN with a semi-supervised deep learning pipeline

Author

Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Balzer, M., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Giacomobono, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Kahlert, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, A., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qin, J., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stevens, A., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Utoyama, M., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wilson, M., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wu, V. H. S., Wüstling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present a novel deep learning pipeline to perform a model-independent, likelihood-free search for anomalous (i.e., non-background) events in the proposed next generation multi-ton scale liquid Xenon-based direct detection experiment, DARWIN. We train an anomaly detector comprising a variational autoencoder and a classifier on extensive, high-dimensional simulated detector response data and construct a one-dimensional anomaly score optimised to reject the background only hypothesis in the presence of an excess of non-background-like events. We benchmark the procedure with a sensitivity study that determines its power to reject the background-only hypothesis in the presence of an injected WIMP dark matter signal, outperforming the classical, likelihood-based background rejection test. We show that our neural networks learn relevant energy features of the events from low-level, high-dimensional detector outputs, without the need to compress this data into lower-dimensional observables, thus reducing computational effort and information loss. For the future, our approach lays the foundation for an efficient end-to-end pipeline that eliminates the need for many of the corrections and cuts that are traditionally part of the analysis chain, with the potential of achieving higher accuracy and significant reduction of analysis time., Comment: 10 Figures, 3 Tables, 23 Pages (incl. references)

Published
2024

20. Seismotectonics in Northeastern France and neighboring regions

Author

Doubre, Cécile, Meghraoui, Mustapha, Masson, Frédéric, Lambotte, Sophie, Jund, Hélène, Bès de Berc, Maxime, and Grunberg, Marc

Subjects
Low strain region, Seismicity, Active fault, Northeastern France, Intraplate domain, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The region of northeastern France is affected by low-magnitude background seismicity, with the rare occurrence of moderate earthquakes, which gives this region a non-negligible seismic risk. We provide an overview of the seismicity and seismotectonics of this intraplate domain and of its sub-regions: the Upper-Rhine Graben (URG), the external range and foreland of Jura, the Vosges, northern France and southern Belgium. Previously published catalogues over historical and instrumental times are used, and the epicentral distribution of earthquakes is compared to known tectonic structures, and the recently computed deformation field. Although no large earthquakes with $\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{w}} > 6.0$ occurred since the 1356 Basel seismic event (Io IX, MKS), the recent identification of active faults suggests periods of high seismic strain rates in the past. The origin of the seismic activity in each of these sub-regions, characterized by low to very-low strain rates, is attributed to pre-existing faults reactivated under specific natural or anthropogenic conditions.

Published
2021
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21. Induced and triggered seismicity below the city of Strasbourg, France from November 2019 to January 2021

Author

Schmittbuhl, Jean, Lambotte, Sophie, Lengliné, Olivier, Grunberg, Marc, Jund, Hélène, Vergne, Jérôme, Cornet, François, Doubre, Cécile, and Masson, Frédéric

Subjects
Fault zone, Induced seismicity, Deep geothermal energy, Rhine Graben, Fluid pressure, EGS, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Between November 2019 and January 2021, a series of seismic events were felt by the population of the city of Strasbourg, France. The first main event (MLv 3.0) that occurred on November 12, 2019, was part of a seismic swarm (the southern cluster) that has been initiated a few days before, lasted four months, and was located by the BCSF-Rénass (EOST), below La Robertsau area at a depth of 5 km. Its location in the vicinity of the deep geothermal wells (Geoven), the temporal correlation with the injection activity on site, the similarity of the depth between the bottom of the wells and the hypocenter of the event, the lack of local seismicity before the event occurrence, the known geological structures including crustal faults in the area, all strongly support the possible triggering of the events by the deep geothermal activities despite the relatively large distance (4–5 km). From template matching and double-difference relocations, a complex fault zone is evidenced in this southern cluster area that extends over 800 m. Focal mechanisms of the two largest events of the cluster are consistent with the known orientation of the main fault zone in the area. The regional stress field in combination with the fault orientation and a Coulomb failure criterion shows that the seismic cluster location is in an unstable domain, if the cohesion of the fault is weak, particularly sensitive to stress perturbations. In October 2020, after a new series of hydraulic tests, second cluster of seismic events with more felt earthquakes (the northern cluster) developed closer to the geothermal wells (${

Published
2021
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22. Réchauffement climatique : état des connaissances scientifiques, enjeux, risques et options d’action

Author

Masson-Delmotte, Valérie

Subjects
Réchauffement climatique, Gaz à effet de serre, Evènements climatiques extrêmes, Paléoclimatologie, Adaptation, Atténuation, Durabilité, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

This article takes stock of climate change, based on three special IPCC reports published in 2018 and 2019. These reports provide integrated assessments across different scientific disciplines, and for the first time are written by scientists from different disciplines in each chapter. They provide an update on observed changes and their causes, future opportunities and risks, depending on the evolution of greenhouse gas emissions, socio-economic development choices, and shed light on solutions for climate action and for sustainable development, preserving biodiversity and enabling everyone to live in dignity.The first SR15 Special Report (October 2018) focuses on the impacts associated with a global warming of 1.5 °C, as well as compatible greenhouse gas emission trajectories, in the context of strengthening the response to climate change, sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty: www.ipcc.ch/report/SR15.The second SRCCL Special Report (August 2019) focuses on climate change and land use, particularly desertification and land degradation, sustainable land management, food security and greenhouse gas flows in terrestrial ecosystems: www.ipcc.ch/report/SRCCL. It addresses the challenges of both adaptation and mitigation.The third SROCC Special Report (September 2019) focuses on the ocean and cryosphere in an changing climate. It focuses on how climate change is affecting the ocean and the cryosphere, ecosystems and human societies, in high mountain areas, the regions polar, for the coastline, which is linked to the ocean, including via extreme and abrupt events. The mitigation options are not part of this assessment, except for “blue carbon” (the potential for carbon sinks linked to coastal marine ecosystems). This report highlights the challenges of action to building resilience: www.ipcc.ch/report/SROCC.This summary takes stock of the trends observed, their causes, the projections of future changes, in particular with regard to their impacts and risks, depending on the future greenhouse gas emission trajectories, and our collective choices.

Published
2021
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23. Mieux comprendre les mécanismes cérébraux d’apprentissage pour faciliter la mise en application des connaissances issues de la recherche et favoriser la réussite scolaire des élèves

Author

Lorie-Marlène Brault Foisy and Masson Steve

Subjects
neuroéducation, contraintes cérébrales, neuroplasticité, enseignement, Social Sciences
Abstract

Résumé Souvent désignée « décennie du cerveau », la décennie des années 90 a été marquée par l’accroissement des connaissances neuroscientifiques et l’avènement de nouvelles technologies d’imagerie cérébrale. Ces progrès en neurosciences ont progressivement mené la communauté de recherche à se questionner sur les retombées possibles des connaissances neuroscientifiques pour le domaine de l’éducation. Une nouvelle approche de recherche interdisciplinaire a ainsi émergé : la neuroéducation. Cette approche s’intéresse à des problématiques propres au milieu de l’éducation à l’aide d’un niveau d’analyse qui est celui du fonctionnement cérébral. La neuroéducation cherche donc à établir un pont entre le fonctionnement cérébral, les mécanismes liés à l’apprentissage et l’enseignement. De l’avis de plusieurs chercheurs et organisations internationales, une meilleure compréhension du cerveau pourrait en effet fournir des pistes intéressantes afin de mieux comprendre ce qui caractérise différents apprentissages sur le plan cérébral et, ultimement, guider le choix d’approches pédagogiques mieux adaptées à l’organisation et au fonctionnement du cerveau des élèves. D’une part, la neuroéducation permet en ce sens une compréhension plus fondamentale de différents apprentissages scolaires en s’intéressant aux changements qui s’opèrent durant l’apprentissage grâce à la neuroplasticité. D’autre part, plusieurs recherches ont mis en évidence que la neuroplasticité ne serait pas infinie et présenterait certaines limites. Elle serait en effet influencée par différentes contraintes, en particulier par la structure et l’organisation initiale du cerveau, c’est‑à‑dire l’architecture cérébrale préalable à l’apprentissage. Dans la lignée des recherches menées en psychologie cognitive, les résultats des recherches en neuroéducation fournissent déjà des points de repère intéressants pour guider le choix de certaines stratégies pédagogiques. Néanmoins, la mise en application des résultats de recherche à la salle de classe représente un défi considérable. À cet égard, le présent article vise à discuter de l’idée qu’une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes cérébraux d’apprentissage pourrait faciliter la mise en application des connaissances issues de la recherche et ainsi favoriser la réussite scolaire des élèves. Mots-clés : neuroéducation; contraintes cérébrales; neuroplasticité; enseignement Abstract Often referred to as the "decade of the brain," the decade of the 1990s was marked by the growth of neuroscience knowledge and the advent of new brain imaging technologies. These advances in neuroscience gradually led the research community to question the potential impact of neuroscientific knowledge on the field of education. A new interdisciplinary research approach has thus emerged: neuroeducation. This approach focuses on problems specific to the field of education using a level of analysis that is that of brain function. Neuroeducation therefore seeks to establish a bridge between brain functioning, the mechanisms related to learning and teaching. In the opinion of several researchers and international organizations, a better understanding of the brain could indeed provide interesting avenues to better understand what characterizes different learning processes at the brain level and, ultimately, guide the choice of pedagogical approaches that are better adapted to the organization and functioning of the students' brain. On the one hand, neuroeducation allows for a more fundamental understanding of various school learning processes by focusing on the changes that occur during learning through brain plasticity. On the other hand, several studies have shown that neuroplasticity is not infinite and has certain limits. It would indeed be influenced by different constraints, in particular by the initial structure and organization of the brain, i.e. the cerebral architecture prior to learning. In line with research in cognitive psychology, neuroeducational research findings already provide valuable insights to orient the choice of teaching strategies. Nevertheless, the application of research findings to the classroom presents a considerable challenge. In this respect, the present article aims to discuss the idea that a better understanding of the brain mechanisms of learning could facilitate the application of research findings and thus promote the academic success of students. Keywords: neuroeducation; brain constraints; neuroplasticity; teaching

Published
2022
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24. Salmonella virulence factors induce amino acid malabsorption in the ileum to promote ecosystem invasion of the large intestine

Author

Radlinski, Lauren C, Rogers, Andrew WL, Bechtold, Lalita, Masson, Hugo LP, Nguyen, Henry, Larabi, Anaïs B, Tiffany, Connor R, de Carvalho, Thaynara Parente, Tsolis, Renée M, and Bäumler, Andreas J

Subjects
Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Microbiome, Digestive Diseases, Nutrition, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Foodborne Illness, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Animals, Salmonella typhimurium, Virulence Factors, Amino Acids, Mice, Humans, Intestine, Large, Ileum, Salmonella Infections, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Cecum, Salmonella, colonization resistance, microbiota, short-chain fatty acids
Abstract

The gut microbiota produces high concentrations of antimicrobial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that restrict the growth of invading microorganisms. The enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Typhimurium triggers inflammation in the large intestine to ultimately reduce microbiota density and bloom, but it is unclear how the pathogen gains a foothold in the homeostatic gut when SCFA-producing commensals are abundant. Here, we show that S. Typhimurium invasion of the ileal mucosa triggers malabsorption of dietary amino acids to produce downstream changes in nutrient availability in the large intestine. In gnotobiotic mice engrafted with a community of 17 human Clostridia isolates, S. Typhimurium virulence factors triggered marked changes in the cecal metabolome, including an elevated abundance of amino acids. In an ex vivo fecal culture model, we found that two of these amino acids, lysine and ornithine, countered SCFA-mediated growth inhibition by restoring S. Typhimurium pH homeostasis through the inducible amino acid decarboxylases CadA and SpeF, respectively. In a mouse model of gastrointestinal infection, S. Typhimurium CadA activity depleted dietary lysine to promote cecal ecosystem invasion in the presence of an intact microbiota. From these findings, we conclude that virulence factor-induced malabsorption of dietary amino acids in the small intestine changes the nutritional environment of the large intestine to provide S. Typhimurium with resources needed to counter growth inhibition by microbiota-derived SCFAs.

Published
2024

25. Spectral Imaging with QUBIC: building astrophysical components from Time-Ordered-Data using Bolometric Interferometry

Author

Regnier, M., Laclavere, T., Hamilton, J-Ch., Bunn, E., Chabirand, V., Chanial, P., Goetz, L., Kardum, L., Masson, P., Granese, N. Miron, Scóccola, C. G., Torchinsky, S. A., Battistelli, E., Bersanelli, M., Columbro, F., Coppolecchia, A., Costanza, B., De Bernardis, P., De Gasperis, G., Ferazzoli, S., Flood, A., Ganga, K., Gervasi, M., Grandsire, L., Manzan, E ., Masi, S., Mennella, A., Mousset, L., O'Sullivan, C., Paiella, A., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Piccirillo, L., Rasztocky, E., Stolpovskiy, M., and Zannoni, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The detection of B-modes in the CMB polarization pattern is a major issue in modern cosmology and must therefore be handled with analytical methods that produce reliable results. We describe a method that uses the frequency dependency of the QUBIC synthesized beam to perform component separation at the map-making stage, to obtain more precise results. We aim to demonstrate the feasibility of component separation during the map-making stage in time domain space. This new technique leads to a more accurate description of the data and reduces the biases in cosmological analysis. The method uses a library for highly parallel computation which facilitates the programming and permits the description of experiments as easily manipulated operators. These operators can be combined to obtain a joint analysis using several experiments leading to maximized precision. The results show that the method works well and permits end-to-end analysis for the CMB experiments, and in particular, for QUBIC. The method includes astrophysical foregrounds, and also systematic effects like gain variation in the detectors. We developed a software pipeline that produces uncertainties on tensor-to-scalar ratio at the level of $\sigma(r) \sim 0.023$ using only QUBIC simulated data., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures

Published
2024

26. First Search for Light Dark Matter in the Neutrino Fog with XENONnT

Author

Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We search for dark matter (DM) with a mass [3,12] $\mathrm{GeV} / c^2$ using an exposure of 3.51 $\mathrm{t} \times \mathrm{y}$ with the XENONnT experiment. We consider spin-independent, spin-dependent, momentum-dependent, mirror DM, and self-interacting DM with a light mediator coupling to Standard Model particles. Using a lowered energy threshold compared to the previous WIMP search, a blind analysis of [0.5, 5.0] $\mathrm{keV}$ nuclear recoil events reveals no significant signal excess over the background. XENONnT excludes spin-independent DM-nucleon cross sections $>2.5 \times 10^{-45} \mathrm{~cm}^2$ at $90 \%$ confidence level for 6 $\mathrm{GeV} / c^2$ DM. The solar ${ }^8 \mathrm{B}$ neutrino coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering background accounts for approximately half of the background in the signal region. In the considered mass range, the DM sensitivity approaches the 'neutrino fog', the limitation where neutrinos produce a signal that is indistinguishable from that of light DM-xenon nucleus scattering.

Published
2024

27. Textoshop: Interactions Inspired by Drawing Software to Facilitate Text Editing

Author

Masson, Damien, Kim, Young-Ho, and Chevalier, Fanny

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

We explore how interactions inspired by drawing software can help edit text. Making an analogy between visual and text editing, we consider words as pixels, sentences as regions, and tones as colours. For instance, direct manipulations move, shorten, expand, and reorder text; tools change number, tense, and grammar; colours map to tones explored along three dimensions in a tone picker; and layers help organize and version text. This analogy also leads to new workflows, such as boolean operations on text fragments to construct more elaborated text. A study shows participants were more successful at editing text and preferred using the proposed interface over existing solutions. Broadly, our work highlights the potential of interaction analogies to rethink existing workflows, while capitalizing on familiar features.

Published
2024

28. A patchy CO$_2$ exosphere on Ganymede revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope

Author

Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Poch, Olivier, Leblanc, Françcois, Zakharov, Vladimir, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Quirico, Eric, de Pater, Imke, Fouchet, Thierry, Rodriguez-Ovalle, Pablo, Roth, Lorenz, Merlin, Frédéric, Duling, Stefan, Saur, Joachim, Masson, Adrien, Fry, Patrick, Trumbo, Samantha, Brown, Michael, Cartwright, Richard, Cazaux, Stéphanie, de Kleer, Katherine, Fletcher, Leigh N., Milby, Zachariah, Moingeon, Audrey, Mura, Alessandro, Orton, Glenn S., Schmitt, Bernard, Tosi, Federico, and Wong, Michael H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Jupiter's icy moon Ganymede has a tenuous exosphere produced by sputtering and possibly sublimation of water ice. To date, only atomic hydrogen and oxygen have been directly detected in this exosphere. Here, we present observations of Ganymede's CO$_2$ exosphere obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope. CO$_2$ gas is observed over different terrain types, mainly over those exposed to intense Jovian plasma irradiation, as well as over some bright or dark terrains. Despite warm surface temperatures, the CO$_2$ abundance over equatorial subsolar regions is low. CO$_2$ vapor has the highest abundance over the north polar cap of the leading hemisphere, reaching a surface pressure of 1 pbar. From modeling we show that the local enhancement observed near 12 h local time in this region can be explained by the presence of cold traps enabling CO$_2$ adsorption. However, whether the release mechanism in this high-latitude region is sputtering or sublimation remains unclear. The north polar cap of the leading hemisphere also has unique surface-ice properties, probably linked to the presence of the large atmospheric CO2 excess over this region. These CO2 molecules might have been initially released in the atmosphere after the radiolysis of CO$_2$ precursors, or from the sputtering of CO$_2$ embedded in the H$_2$O ice bedrock. Dark terrains (regiones), more widespread on the north versus south polar regions, possibly harbor CO$_2$ precursors. CO$_2$ molecules would then be redistributed via cold trapping on ice-rich terrains of the polar cap and be diurnally released and redeposited on these terrains. Ganymede's CO$_2$ exosphere highlights the complexity of surface-atmosphere interactions on Jupiter's icy Galilean moons., Comment: 21 pages, 21 figures, Accepted as a Letter in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2024
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29. High performance Lunar landing simulations

Author

Lebreton, Jérémy, Brochard, Roland, Ollagnier, Nicolas, Baudry, Matthieu, Salah, Adrien Hadj, Jonniaux, Grégory, Kanani, Keyvan, Goff, Matthieu Le, and Masson, Aurore

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Computer Science - Graphics, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Autonomous precision navigation to land onto the Moon relies on vision sensors. Computer vision algorithms are designed, trained and tested using synthetic simulations. High quality terrain models have been produced by Moon orbiters developed by several nations, with resolutions ranging from tens or hundreds of meters globally down to few meters locally. The SurRender software is a powerful simulator able to exploit the full potential of these datasets in raytracing. New interfaces include tools to fuse multi-resolution DEMs and procedural texture generation. A global model of the Moon at 20m resolution was integrated representing several terabytes of data which SurRender can render continuously and in real-time. This simulator will be a precious asset for the development of future missions., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the 73rd International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Paris, France, 18-22 November 2022. Contribution reference: IAC-22,A3,IP,44,x71795

Published
2024

30. XENONnT Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection

Author

XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyoergy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

The XENONnT experiment, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, features a 5.9 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber surrounded by an instrumented neutron veto, all of which is housed within a muon veto water tank. Due to extensive shielding and advanced purification to mitigate natural radioactivity, an exceptionally low background level of (15.8 $\pm$ 1.3) events/(tonne$\cdot$year$\cdot$keV) in the (1, 30) keV region is reached in the inner part of the TPC. XENONnT is thus sensitive to a wide range of rare phenomena related to Dark Matter and Neutrino interactions, both within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, with a focus on the direct detection of Dark Matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). From May 2021 to December 2021, XENONnT accumulated data in rare-event search mode with a total exposure of one tonne $\cdot$ year. This paper provides a detailed description of the signal reconstruction methods, event selection procedure, and detector response calibration, as well as an overview of the detector performance in this time frame. This work establishes the foundational framework for the `blind analysis' methodology we are using when reporting XENONnT physics results., Comment: 27 pages, 23 figures

Published
2024

31. First Indication of Solar $^8$B Neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with XENONnT

Author

Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar $^8$B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9 t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51 t$\times$yr resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5 keV, with ($26.4^{+1.4}_{-1.3}$) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73 $\sigma$. The measured $^8$B solar neutrino flux of $(4.7_{-2.3}^{+3.6})\times 10^6 \mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ is consistent with results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CE$\nu$NS cross section on Xe of $(1.1^{+0.8}_{-0.5})\times10^{-39} \mathrm{cm}^2$ is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.

Published
2024
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32. Toto: Time Series Optimized Transformer for Observability

Author

Cohen, Ben, Khwaja, Emaad, Wang, Kan, Masson, Charles, Ramé, Elise, Doubli, Youssef, and Abou-Amal, Othmane

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

This technical report describes the Time Series Optimized Transformer for Observability (Toto), a new state of the art foundation model for time series forecasting developed by Datadog. In addition to advancing the state of the art on generalized time series benchmarks in domains such as electricity and weather, this model is the first general-purpose time series forecasting foundation model to be specifically tuned for observability metrics. Toto was trained on a dataset of one trillion time series data points, the largest among all currently published time series foundation models. Alongside publicly available time series datasets, 75% of the data used to train Toto consists of fully anonymous numerical metric data points from the Datadog platform. In our experiments, Toto outperforms existing time series foundation models on observability data. It does this while also excelling at general-purpose forecasting tasks, achieving state-of-the-art zero-shot performance on multiple open benchmark datasets.

Published
2024

33. Collective transition quenching in the presence of multiple competing decay channels

Author

Mok, Wai-Keong, Masson, Stuart J., Stamper-Kurn, Dan M., Zelevinsky, Tanya, and Asenjo-Garcia, Ana

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We present a theoretical framework for 'collective transition quenching', a quantum many-body dissipative phenomenon that occurs in systems with multiple collective decay channels. Despite the competition, interactions suppress all but the dominant decay transition, leading to a 'winner takes all' dynamic where the system primarily settles into the dominant ground state. We prove that, in the presence of permutation symmetry, this problem is exactly solvable for any number of competing channels. Additionally, we develop an approximate model for the dynamics by mapping the evolution into a continuity equation for a fluid, and show analytically that the dominant transition ratio converges to unity with increasing system size as a power-law, for any branching ratio. This near-deterministic preparation of the dominant ground state has broad applicability. As an example we discuss a protocol for molecular photoassociation where collective dynamics effectively acts as a catalyst, amplifying the yield in a particular final state. Our results open new avenues for many-body strategies in the preparation and control of quantum systems., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

34. Determination of recent tectonic deformations in the vicinity of Adana–Osmaniye–Hatay–Gaziantep triple junction region by half-space modeling

Author

Serhan Yıldız, Selim, Özkan, Ali, Hakan Yavaşoğlu, Hasan, Masson, Frédéric, Tiryakioğlu, İbrahim, Nurullah Alkan, Mehmet, and Bilgi, Serdar

Subjects
Active tectonics, GPS, East Anatolian Fault Zone, Slip rate, Fault locking depth, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Recent earthquakes on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) and its surroundings in the Eastern Mediterranean region reveal a potential seismic hazard. It is thus needed to constrain deformations within tectonically active zones and clarify kinematics of the triple junction near Adana, Osmaniye, Hatay, and Gaziantep provinces. To understand strain accumulations and interseismic patterns of these active zones, one of the most popular geodetic methods was applied. Slip rates derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations by half-space modeling lead us to predict possible magnitudes and even probable locations of future destructive earthquakes. In this context, we form a region-specific GPS network consisting of both campaign observation sites and permanent stations to monitor strain accumulations across major active faults and investigate fault kinematics in detail. The campaign GPS data sets acquired in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2019 were merged with data from different local permanent GPS networks for an integrated analysis of the determination of recent tectonic deformations. The TDEFNODE software was used to construct a kinematic model in an elastic and homogeneous half-space. The modeling approach needs inputs such as block and fault geometries, GPS site velocities, and locking depth assumptions. Our kinematic model indicates that an almost purely sinistral strike-slip rate of 7.5 mm/yr without any significant normal or reverse component is dominant on the main branch of the EAFZ. This estimated slip rate supports a prediction for a magnitude margin of 7.2–7.6 for the next probable large earthquake on the Turkoglu–Golbasi segment. The Karatas–Osmaniye Fault has a 3.4 mm/yr dextral strike-slip rate together with a reverse-slip rate of 3.1 mm/yr, which corresponds to a possible magnitude of 6.8–7.1 for an earthquake on the southwest end of the East Anatolian Fault. The Karasu Fault extends from the Turkoglu Triple Junction on the EAFZ in the north to the Hatay Triple Junction in the south. This critical fault segment has a sinistral 4.4–5.4 mm/yr slip rate with a normal component slip rate of 3.0 mm/yr, supporting earthquake prediction with a possible magnitude of 6.8–7.2. As a result, the determination of such kinematic indications in active tectonic zones by GPS observations plays a key role in seismic hazard analysis for the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Published
2020
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35. The Effect of Viscosity and Application Mode of Phosphoric Acid on Bond Strength of GlassFiber Post

Author

Costa Scholz MF, Aboud Matos de Almeida R, Scholz N, Gomes GM, Masson-P MJ, Loguercio AD, Reis A, and Bandéca MC

Subjects
fiberglass reinforced polymer, acid etching, post and core technique, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Maria Fernanda Costa Scholz,1 Rossana Aboud Matos de Almeida,2 Nelson Scholz,1 Giovana M Gomes,1 María José Masson-P,1 Alessandro D Loguercio,1,3 Alessandra Reis,1 Matheus C Bandéca2 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil; 2The Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil; 3Faculdad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, EquadorCorrespondence: Matheus C BandécaPost-Graduation Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, Josue Montello, São Luis, Maranhão 65075-120, BrazilTel +55 98 982232998Email matheus.bandeca@gmail.comBackground: When a phosphoric acid is used, before applying an adhesive system, it is known that obtaining an effective adhesion to the root canal walls is a challenge. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of phosphoric acid viscosity and application mode on the push-out bond strength (BS) values of fiberglass post to root dentin. The conditioning pattern on the root dentin was also evaluated.Materials and Methods: The roots of 44 endodontically treated premolars were divided into 4 groups, of eleven teeth each, according to the combination of the main factors: phosphoric acid viscosity (liquid or gel) and application mode (passive or sonic). After application of the two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system, the fiberglass posts were cemented with a dual-cure resin-cement. Roots were sectioned transversely into six 1-mm slices for push-out BS test at 0.5 mm/min. Some roots of each group were selected for evaluation of the conditioning pattern by scanning electron microscopy. BS results (three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test) and the conditioning pattern (Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test) were statistically evaluated (α= 0.05).Results: The highest BS value was observed with a liquid phosphoric acid under sonic application mode (p < 0.05), being all other groups similar to one another (p < 0.05). Also, the highest BS value was observed in the cervical third, followed by the medium and the apical thirds (p < 0.05). The sonic application produced better smear layer removal and opening of dentinal tubules for both viscosities (p = 0.015).Conclusion: A better bonding of fiberglass posts to root canals can be achieved when the post spaces are conditioned with a liquid phosphoric acid under sonic application.Keywords: fiberglass reinforced polymer, acid etching, post and core technique

Published
2020

36. 'Terroir Rosé' wines, the example from Provence

Author

Masson Gilles, Chevallier Aurélie, Symoneaux Ronan, Amato Brice, Conrath Mireille, and Pouzalgues Nathalie

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502, Physiology, QP1-981, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The production of Rosé wine is developing around the world. In terms of quantity, the volumes made are increasing. In terms of quantity, two apparently contradicting tendencies can be observed: a global trend converging towards a clear, dry model and, at the same time, a desire to differentiate different regions, based on terroir. Thanks to several analytical and sensorial databases which have been assembled over the last fifteen years, the Centre du Rosé provides an objective view of these emerging phenomena. The typicity of the Provence Rosé wines can be measured, both analytically and sensorially, and within the Provençal vineyard itself, the different vintages have some remarkable characteristics. In other French and European wine regions we examined typical rosé wines whose particularity has its origins in the terroir.

Published
2023
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37. Recommandations d’un collectif franco-suisse d’experts pour une meilleure évaluation de la qualité écotoxicologique des sédiments par l’étude des communautés benthiques

Author

PESCE, Stéphane, FERRARI, Benoît JD, BONNIMEAU, Chloé, CASADO, Carmen, APOTHELOZ-PERRET-GENTIL, Laure, BOUCHEZ, Agnès, CHEVIRON, Nathalie, COQUERY, Marina, DABRIN, Aymeric, DAOUK, Silwan, FELIPE DE ALENCASTRO, Luiz, DEGLI-ESPOSTI, Davide, DUBOIS, Nathalie, EGEA, Émilie, FOLLY, Élise, FOULQUIER, Arnaud, GATEUILLE, David, GOUY, Véronique, LAFONT, Michel, LALUC, Mélanie, LODS-CROZET, Brigitte, LOIZEAU, Jean-Luc, LYAUTEY, Émilie, MARTIN-LAURENT, Fabrice, MASSON, Matthieu, MENDOZA-LERA, Claire, MONDY, Samuel, MONIER, Jean-Michel, MONTUELLE, Bernard, MOUGIN, Christian, MULATTIERI, Pascal, NAFFRECHOUX, Emmanuel, NEYRA, Marc, PERCEVAL, Olivier, REYJOL, Yorick, ROSSI, Magali, SANTIAGO, Sergio, SLAVEYKOVA, Vera, STAUB, Pierre-François, TLILLI, Ahmed, VIVIEN, Régis, and WERMEILLE, Christiane

Subjects
milieu aquatique, qualite de l'eau, sediment, ecotoxicologie, evaluation, communautes benthiques, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Les sédiments ont un rôle écologique essentiel pour de nombreuses espèces aquatiques. Toutefois, leur capacité à capter les polluants persistants peut participer à long terme à la contamination des milieux aquatiques. Aussi, afin de mieux prendre en compte les impacts écotoxicologiques de la contamination des sédiments et appréhender le risque écologique qui en découle, il est important de disposer de méthodes d'évaluation robustes. Cet article présente la contribution d'un groupe franco-suisse réunissant chercheurs, gestionnaires et représentants de bureaux d’études qui ont travaillé ensemble afin de dresser un état des lieux et formuler des recommandations pour mieux caractériser la contamination des sédiments, les niveaux d’exposition des communautés benthiques et les effets possibles sur ces espèces.

Published
2019

39. The XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment

Author

XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cassese, F., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Dadoun, O., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., De Fazio, B., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Disdier, J. M., Douillet, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Form, S., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Garroum, N., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guerzoni, M., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Huhmann, C., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Iven, L., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martella, P., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mele, E., Messina, M., Michinelli, R., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Nisi, S., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Parlati, S., Paschos, P., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rynge, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Stern, M., Stillwell, B. K., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Tatananni, D., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run., Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures

Published
2024

40. Genetic diversity and population structure of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum parvum on English walnut (Juglans regia L.) in France.

Author

Belair, Marie, Picot, Adeline, Lepais, Olivier, Masson, Cyrielle, Hébrard, Marie-Neige, Moronvalle, Aude, Comont, Gwénaëlle, Gabri Martin, Victor, Tréguer, Sylvie, Laloum, Yohana, Corio-Costet, Marie-France, Michailides, Themis, Moral, Juan, Le Floch, Gaétan, and Pensec, Flora

Subjects
Juglans regia, Botryosphaeriaceae, Emerging disease, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites, Juglans, Ascomycota, France, Genetic Variation, Plant Diseases, Microsatellite Repeats, Genotype
Abstract

Botryosphaeriaceae species are the major causal agents of walnut dieback worldwide, along with Diaporthe species. Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum parvum are the only two Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with this recently emergent disease in France, and little is known about their diversity, structure, origin and dispersion in French walnut orchards. A total of 381 isolates of both species were genetically typed using a sequence-based microsatellite genotyping (SSR-seq) method. This analysis revealed a low genetic diversity and a high clonality of these populations, in agreement with their clonal mode of reproduction. The genetic similarity among populations, regardless of the tissue type and the presence of symptoms, supports the hypothesis that these pathogens can move between fruits and twigs and display latent pathogen lifestyles. Contrasting genetic patterns between N. parvum populations from Californian and Spanish walnut orchards and the French ones suggested no conclusive evidence for pathogen transmission from infected materials. The high genetic similarity with French vineyards populations suggested instead putative transmission between these hosts, which was also observed with B. dothidea populations. Overall, this study provides critical insight into the epidemiology of two important pathogens involved in the emerging dieback of French walnut orchards, including their distribution, potential to mate, putative origin and disease pathways.

Published
2024

41. Ustekinumab in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Masson, Rahul, Seivright, Justine, Grogan, Tristan, Atluri, Swetha, Hamzavi, Iltefat, Hogeling, Marcia, Shi, Vivian Y, and Hsiao, Jennifer L

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Biologic treatments, Ustekinumab, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Clinical sciences
Abstract

IntroductionHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a frequently debilitating, inflammatory skin condition. Patients may have a limited response to adalimumab, currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved biologic treatment for HS. Ustekinumab is an interleukin-12/23 inhibitor that has been utilized in HS, but there is a lack of an updated systematic review on its efficacy and safety. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab for HS.MethodsIn October 2022, MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for articles on ustekinumab in HS. Data extraction was performed on relevant articles by two reviewers. The primary study outcome was the pooled response rate of HS to ustekinumab. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed, and Cochran's Q statistic and I squared index were used to assess heterogeneity. Statistical significance was determined at p

Published
2024

42. Gauge Fixing in QFT and the Dressing Field Method

Author

Guillaud, Mathilde, Lazzarini, Serge, and Masson, Thierry

Subjects
Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

In this paper, we revisit the Dressing Field Method (DFM) in the context of Quantum (Gauge) Field Theories (QFT). In order to adapt this method to the functional path integral formalism of QFT, we depart from the usual differential geometry approach used so far to study the DFM which also allows to tackle the infinite dimension of the field spaces. Our main result is that gauge fixing is an instance of the application of the DFM. The Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing procedure and the so-called unitary gauge are revisited in light of this result., Comment: 19 pages

Published
2024

43. Improving Hyperparameter Optimization with Checkpointed Model Weights

Author

Mehta, Nikhil, Lorraine, Jonathan, Masson, Steve, Arunachalam, Ramanathan, Bhat, Zaid Pervaiz, Lucas, James, and Zachariah, Arun George

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Statistics - Machine Learning, 68T05, I.2.6, G.1.6, D.2.8
Abstract

When training deep learning models, the performance depends largely on the selected hyperparameters. However, hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is often one of the most expensive parts of model design. Classical HPO methods treat this as a black-box optimization problem. However, gray-box HPO methods, which incorporate more information about the setup, have emerged as a promising direction for more efficient optimization. For example, using intermediate loss evaluations to terminate bad selections. In this work, we propose an HPO method for neural networks using logged checkpoints of the trained weights to guide future hyperparameter selections. Our method, Forecasting Model Search (FMS), embeds weights into a Gaussian process deep kernel surrogate model, using a permutation-invariant graph metanetwork to be data-efficient with the logged network weights. To facilitate reproducibility and further research, we open-source our code at https://github.com/NVlabs/forecasting-model-search., Comment: See the project website at https://research.nvidia.com/labs/toronto-ai/FMS/

Published
2024

44. Online Learning of Weakly Coupled MDP Policies for Load Balancing and Auto Scaling

Author

Eshwar, S. R., Felipe, Lucas Lopes, Reiffers-Masson, Alexandre, Menasché, Daniel Sadoc, and Thoppe, Gugan

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

Load balancing and auto scaling are at the core of scalable, contemporary systems, addressing dynamic resource allocation and service rate adjustments in response to workload changes. This paper introduces a novel model and algorithms for tuning load balancers coupled with auto scalers, considering bursty traffic arriving at finite queues. We begin by presenting the problem as a weakly coupled Markov Decision Processes (MDP), solvable via a linear program (LP). However, as the number of control variables of such LP grows combinatorially, we introduce a more tractable relaxed LP formulation, and extend it to tackle the problem of online parameter learning and policy optimization using a two-timescale algorithm based on the LP Lagrangian.

Published
2024

45. XENONnT WIMP Search: Signal & Background Modeling and Statistical Inference

Author

XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyoergy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The XENONnT experiment searches for weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter scattering off a xenon nucleus. In particular, XENONnT uses a dual-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9-tonne liquid xenon target, detecting both scintillation and ionization signals to reconstruct the energy, position, and type of recoil. A blind search for nuclear recoil WIMPs with an exposure of 1.1 tonne-years yielded no signal excess over background expectations, from which competitive exclusion limits were derived on WIMP-nucleon elastic scatter cross sections, for WIMP masses ranging from 6 GeV/$c^2$ up to the TeV/$c^2$ scale. This work details the modeling and statistical methods employed in this search. By means of calibration data, we model the detector response, which is then used to derive background and signal models. The construction and validation of these models is discussed, alongside additional purely data-driven backgrounds. We also describe the statistical inference framework, including the definition of the likelihood function and the construction of confidence intervals., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

46. Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou

Author

Masson, A., Vinatier, S., Bézard, B., López-Puertas, M., Lampón, M., Debras, F., Carmona, A., Klein, B., Artigau, E., Dethier, W., Pelletier, S., Hood, T., Allart, R., Bourrier, V., Cadieux, C., Charnay, B., Cowan, N. B., Cook, N. J., Delfosse, X., Donati, J. -F., Gu, P. -G., Hébrard, G., Martioli, E., Moutou, C., Venot, O., and Wyttenbach, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

For several years, the metastable helium triplet line has been successfully used as a tracer to probe atmospheric escape in transiting exoplanets. This absorption in the near-infrared (1083.3 nm) can be observed from the ground using high-resolution spectroscopy, providing new constraints on the mass-loss rate and the temperature characterizing the upper atmosphere of close-in exoplanets. The aim of this work is to search for the He triplet signature in 15 transiting exoplanets -- ranging from super-Earths to ultrahot Jupiters -- observed with SPIRou, a high-resolution (R~70 000) near-infrared spectropolarimeter at the CFHT, in order to bring new constraints or to improve existing ones regarding atmospheric escape through a homogeneous study. We developed a full data processing and analysis pipeline to correct for the residual telluric and stellar contributions. We then used two different 1D models based on the Parker-wind equations and nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer to interpret the observational results. We confirm published He triplet detections for HAT-P-11 b, HD 189733 b, and WASP-69 b. We tentatively detect the signature of escaping He in HD 209458 b, GJ 3470 b, and WASP-76 b. We report new constraints on the mass-loss rate and temperature for our three detections and set upper limits for the tentative and nondetections. We notably report improved constraints on the mass-loss rate and temperature of the escaping gas for TOI-1807 b, and report a nondetection for the debated atmospheric escape in GJ 1214 b. We also conducted the first search for the He signature in GJ 486 b since its discovery and report a nondetection of the He triplet. Finally, we studied the impact of important model assumptions on our retrieved parameters, notably the limitations of 1D models and the influence of the H/He ratio on the derived constraints., Comment: 33 pages, 14 figures

Published
2024

47. Vibe-Eval: A hard evaluation suite for measuring progress of multimodal language models

Author

Padlewski, Piotr, Bain, Max, Henderson, Matthew, Zhu, Zhongkai, Relan, Nishant, Pham, Hai, Ong, Donovan, Aleksiev, Kaloyan, Ormazabal, Aitor, Phua, Samuel, Yeo, Ethan, Lamprecht, Eugenie, Liu, Qi, Wang, Yuqi, Chen, Eric, Fu, Deyu, Li, Lei, Zheng, Che, d'Autume, Cyprien de Masson, Yogatama, Dani, Artetxe, Mikel, and Tay, Yi

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

We introduce Vibe-Eval: a new open benchmark and framework for evaluating multimodal chat models. Vibe-Eval consists of 269 visual understanding prompts, including 100 of hard difficulty, complete with gold-standard responses authored by experts. Vibe-Eval is open-ended and challenging with dual objectives: (i) vibe checking multimodal chat models for day-to-day tasks and (ii) rigorously testing and probing the capabilities of present frontier models. Notably, our hard set contains >50% questions that all frontier models answer incorrectly. We explore the nuances of designing, evaluating, and ranking models on ultra challenging prompts. We also discuss trade-offs between human and automatic evaluation, and show that automatic model evaluation using Reka Core roughly correlates to human judgment. We offer free API access for the purpose of lightweight evaluation and plan to conduct formal human evaluations for public models that perform well on the Vibe-Eval's automatic scores. We release the evaluation code and data, see https://github.com/reka-ai/reka-vibe-eval

Published
2024

48. Reka Core, Flash, and Edge: A Series of Powerful Multimodal Language Models

Author

Reka Team, Ormazabal, Aitor, Zheng, Che, d'Autume, Cyprien de Masson, Yogatama, Dani, Fu, Deyu, Ong, Donovan, Chen, Eric, Lamprecht, Eugenie, Pham, Hai, Ong, Isaac, Aleksiev, Kaloyan, Li, Lei, Henderson, Matthew, Bain, Max, Artetxe, Mikel, Relan, Nishant, Padlewski, Piotr, Liu, Qi, Chen, Ren, Phua, Samuel, Yang, Yazheng, Tay, Yi, Wang, Yuqi, Zhu, Zhongkai, and Xie, Zhihui

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

We introduce Reka Core, Flash, and Edge, a series of powerful multimodal language models trained from scratch by Reka. Reka models are able to process and reason with text, images, video, and audio inputs. This technical report discusses details of training some of these models and provides comprehensive evaluation results. We show that Reka Edge and Reka Flash are not only state-of-the-art but also outperform many much larger models, delivering outsized values for their respective compute class. Meanwhile, our most capable and largest model, Reka Core, approaches the best frontier models on both automatic evaluations and blind human evaluations. On image question answering benchmarks (e.g. MMMU, VQAv2), Core performs competitively to GPT4-V. Meanwhile, on multimodal chat, Core ranks as the second most preferred model under a blind third-party human evaluation setup, outperforming other models such as Claude 3 Opus. On text benchmarks, Core not only performs competitively to other frontier models on a set of well-established benchmarks (e.g. MMLU, GSM8K) but also outperforms GPT4-0613 on human evaluation. On video question answering (Perception-Test), Core outperforms Gemini Ultra. Models are shipped in production at http://chat.reka.ai . A showcase of non cherry picked qualitative examples can also be found at http://showcase.reka.ai .

Published
2024

49. Analysis of a VEM-fully discrete polytopal scheme with bubble stabilisation for contact mechanics with Tresca friction

Author

Droniou, Jérôme, Haidar, Ali, and Masson, Roland

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis
Abstract

This work performs the convergence analysis of the polytopal nodal discretisation of contact-mechanics (with Tresca friction) recently introduced in [18] in the framework of poro-elastic models in fractured porous media. The scheme is based on a mixed formulation, using face-wise constant approximations of the Lagrange multipliers along the fracture network and a fully discrete first order nodal approximation of the displacement field. The displacement field is enriched with additional bubble degrees of freedom along the fractures to ensure the inf-sup stability with the Lagrange multiplier space. It is presented in a fully discrete formulation, which makes its study more straightforward, but also has a Virtual Element interpretation. The analysis establishes an abstract error estimate accounting for the fully discrete framework and the non-conformity of the discretisation. A first order error estimate is deduced for sufficiently smooth solutions both for the gradient of the displacement field and the Lagrange multiplier. A key difficulty of the numerical analysis is the proof of a discrete inf-sup condition, which is based on a non-standard $H^{-1/2}$-norm (to deal with fracture networks) and involves the jump of the displacements, not their traces. The analysis also requires the proof of a discrete Korn inequality for the discrete displacement field which takes into account fracture networks. Numerical experiments based on analytical solutions confirm our theoretical findings

Published
2024

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