87 results on '"Kawamoto F"'
Search Results
2. Identification of Helicobacter pylori infection in symptomatic patients in Surabaya, Indonesia, using five diagnostic tests
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MIFTAHUSSURUR, M., SHIOTA, S., SUZUKI, R., MATSUDA, M., UCHIDA, T., KIDO, Y., KAWAMOTO, F., MAIMUNAH, U., ADI, P., REZKITHA, Y., NASRONUDIN, NUSI, I., and YAMAOKA, Y.
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- 2015
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3. Biocompatibility of chitosan gel associated with glycerol phosphate for the healing of experimentally induced radial defects in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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Minto, B. W. [UNESP], Borsaro, C. P. [UNESP], Nobile, M. [UNESP], Coelho, L. P. [UNESP], Franco, G. G. [UNESP], Kawamoto, F. Y. K. [UNESP], Campos, M. G. N., Dias, L. G. G. G. [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Univ Fed Alfenas
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bone regeneration ,rabbit ,chitosan ,biomaterials - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:47:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:36:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352020000602093.pdf: 212983 bytes, checksum: d2fd8a4b610a54e69fb8cb319adda4e4 (MD5) Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary science that has been developing biomaterials for bone regeneration in medicine and veterinary medicine, following an imminent need. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration after use of chitosan hydrogel associated with glycerol phosphate in experimentally induced bone gap in the radius of rabbits. Fifteen adult rabbits were randomly distributed in two experimental groups, represented by each radius of every single animal. The animals in the Biomaterial Group (GB) were treated with a glycerol phosphate-associated chitosan hydrogel and in the Control Group (GC) they received no treatment with the biomaterial. The animals were evaluated clinically, radiographically, histologically and by optic densitometry at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively. There was statistical superiority in the general average of the radiographic estimates of GB (2.33 +/- 0.48) over the CG (1.77 +/- 0.06). The general averages of GB densitometric evaluation were higher than the CG, being 6.207 +/- 1.374 and 5.71 +/- 1.512, respectively. Histopathological evaluation of GB was superior to CG in periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. Chitosan hydrogel constitutes a biomaterial of desired characteristics, promoting faster and more efficient bone repair when compared to GC. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Alfenas, Inst Ciencias & Tecnol, Pocos De Caldas, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Published
- 2020
4. Rapid epidemiologic assessment of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in malaria-endemic areas in Southeast Asia using a novel diagnostic kit
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Jalloh, A., Tantular, I. S., Pusarawati, S., Kawilarang, A. P., Kerong, H., Lin, K., Ferreira, M. U., Matsuoka, H., Arai, M., Kita, K., and Kawamoto, F.
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- 2004
5. Wide distribution of Plasmodium ovale in Myanmar
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Win, T. T, Lin, K, Mizuno, S, Zhou, M, Liu, Q, Ferreira, M. U, Tantular, I. S, Kojima, S, Ishii, A, and Kawamoto, F
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- 2002
6. Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria
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Tantular, I. S., Iwai, K., Lin, Khin, Basuki, S., Horie, T., Htay, H. H., Matsuoka, H., Marwoto, H., Wongsrichanalai, C., Dachlan, Y. P., Kojima, S., Ishii, A., and Kawamoto, F.
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- 1999
7. High prevalence of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale in malaria patients along the Thai-Myanmar border, as revealed by acridine orange staining and PCR-based diagnoses
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Zhou, M., Liu, Q., Wongsrichanalai, C., Suwonkerd, W., Panart, K., Prajakwong, S., Pensiri, A., Kimura, M., Matsuoka, H., Ferreira, M. U., Isomura, S., and Kawamoto, F.
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- 1998
8. Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World
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Rodrigues, PT, Valdivia, HO, de Oliveira, TC, Alves, JMP, Duarte, AMRC, Cerutti-Junior, C, Buery, JC, Brito, CFA, de Souza, JC, Hirano, ZMB, Bueno, MG, Catao-Dias, JL, Malafronte, RS, Ladeia-Andrade, S, Mita, T, Santamaria, AM, Calzada, JE, Tantular, IS, Kawamoto, F, Raijmakers, LRJ, Mueller, I, Pacheco, MA, Escalante, AA, Felger, I, Ferreira, MU, Rodrigues, PT, Valdivia, HO, de Oliveira, TC, Alves, JMP, Duarte, AMRC, Cerutti-Junior, C, Buery, JC, Brito, CFA, de Souza, JC, Hirano, ZMB, Bueno, MG, Catao-Dias, JL, Malafronte, RS, Ladeia-Andrade, S, Mita, T, Santamaria, AM, Calzada, JE, Tantular, IS, Kawamoto, F, Raijmakers, LRJ, Mueller, I, Pacheco, MA, Escalante, AA, Felger, I, and Ferreira, MU
- Abstract
We examined the mitogenomes of a large global collection of human malaria parasites to explore how and when Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax entered the Americas. We found evidence of a significant contribution of African and South Asian lineages to present-day New World malaria parasites with additional P. vivax lineages appearing to originate from Melanesia that were putatively carried by the Australasian peoples who contributed genes to Native Americans. Importantly, mitochondrial lineages of the P. vivax-like species P. simium are shared by platyrrhine monkeys and humans in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, but not across the Amazon, which most likely resulted from one or a few recent human-to-monkey transfers. While enslaved Africans were likely the main carriers of P. falciparum mitochondrial lineages into the Americas after the conquest, additional parasites carried by Australasian peoples in pre-Columbian times may have contributed to the extensive diversity of extant local populations of P. vivax.
- Published
- 2018
9. Autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and hydroxyapatite for bone defect in rabbits
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Franco GG, Minto BW, Coelho LP, Malard PF, Carvalho ER, Kawamoto FYK, Alcantara BM, and Dias LGGG
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adipose derived msc ,cell transplantation ,fracture healing ,oryctolagus cuniculus ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AAD-MSC), with and without synthetic absorbable hydroxyapatite (HAP-91), on the bone regeneration in rabbits. Thirty-four female white New Zealand rabbits were submitted to a 10 mm distal diaphyseal radius ostectomy, divided into 3 experimental groups according to the treatment established. The bone gap was filled with 0.15 ml of a 0.9% saline solution containing two million AAD-MSC (G1), or AAD-MSC associated with HAP-91 (G2). The control group (CG) received only 0.15 ml of the 0.9% saline solution. Radiographs were made post-operatively, and after 15, 30, 45 and 90 days. Fifty percent of the samples were submitted to a histological examination at 45 days and the remaining ones at 90 days post-operatively. Radiographically, the periosteal reaction, bone callus volume and bone bridge quality were superior in G2 (P < 0.05). Histologically, the bone repair was faster and more efficient in G1 at 45 days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, AAD-MSC improved the regeneration on the experimentally induced bone defects in rabbits; however, the use of hydroxyapatite requires caution given the granulomatous reaction produced in the species.
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- 2022
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10. In vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Myanmar to antimalarial drugs.
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Wongsrichanalai, C, primary, Pang, L W, additional, Wimonwattrawatee, T, additional, Faiz, M A, additional, Noedl, H, additional, Laoboonchai, A, additional, Lin, K, additional, and Kawamoto, F, additional
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- 2001
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11. Allelic diversity at the merozoite surface protein-1 locus of Plasmodium falciparum in clinical isolates from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon.
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Ferreira, M U, primary, Tanabe, K, additional, Kawamoto, F, additional, Kaneko, O, additional, Kimura, E A, additional, Isomura, S, additional, Katzin, A M, additional, Kimura, M, additional, and Liu, Q, additional
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- 1998
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12. Sequence variation in the 18S rRNA gene, a target for PCR-based malaria diagnosis, in Plasmodium ovale from southern Vietnam
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Kawamoto, F, primary, Miyake, H, additional, Kaneko, O, additional, Kimura, M, additional, Nguyen, T D, additional, Liu, Q, additional, Zhou, M, additional, Le, D D, additional, Kawai, S, additional, Isomura, S, additional, and Wataya, Y, additional
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- 1996
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13. Normal Bases and Zp-Extensions
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Kawamoto, F., primary and Komatsu, K., additional
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- 1994
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14. PCR-based ELISA technique for malaria diagnosis of specimens from Thailand.
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Laoboonchai, Anintita, Kawamoto, Fumihiko, Thanoosingha, Nichapat, Kojima, Somei, Scott Miller, R. R, Kain, Kevin C, Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda, Laoboonchai, A, Kawamoto, F, Thanoosingha, N, Kojima, S, Kain, K C, and Wongsrichanalai, C
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MALARIA diagnosis ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,MICROBIOLOGICAL assay ,CLINICAL trials ,COLORIMETRY ,COMPARATIVE studies ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
We performed a field evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA) for the diagnosis of malaria. A commercially available PCR-ELISA microplate hybridization (MPH) assay was used. Blood specimens were collected from 300 volunteers seeking care at malaria clinics in Thailand. Examination of 200 high power fields by Giemsa-stained thick and thin smear (GTTS) revealed 51 P. falciparum (Pf), 45 P. vivax (Pv), seven mixed Pf-Pv infections. These plus a random sample of 48 GTTS-negative specimens were selected for this study. All 151 specimens were processed for parasite DNA extraction and assayed by PCR-MPH. The target DNA sequence of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene was amplified by PCR and hybridized with species-specific probes for Pf, Pv, P. malariae (Pm) and P. ovale (Po) immobilized in the wells of the microtiter plate and detected by colorimetric assay. Colour development was assessed at an optical density (OD) of 405 nm. An absorbance reading of > or = 0.1 was used as a positive cut-off. In comparison with GTTS results, PCR-MPH sensitivity was 91.4% (53/58, 95% CI 84.2-98.6) for Pf, 94.2% (49/52, 87.9-100) for Pv and specificity was 95.8% (46/48, 95% CI 90.2-100). There was statistically significant positive correlation between parasite densities < or = 7000/microl blood and absorbance reading, suggestive of PCR-MPH being semiquantitative. PCR-MPH also detected additional Pf and Pv cases as well as Pm and Po. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2001
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15. Allelic diversity and antibody recognition of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 during hypoendemic malaria transmission in the Brazilian amazon region.
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Da Silveira, L A, Dorta, M L, Kimura, E A, Katzin, A M, Kawamoto, F, Tanabe, K, and Ferreira, M U
- Abstract
The polymorphic merozoite surface protein (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a major asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate. The impact of allelic diversity on recognition of MSP-1 during the immune response remains to be investigated in areas of hypoendemicity such as the Brazilian Amazon region. In this study, PCR was used to type variable regions, blocks 2, 4, and 10, of the msp-1 gene and to characterize major gene types (unique combinations of allelic types in variable blocks) in P. falciparum isolates collected across the Amazon basin over a period of 12 years. Twelve of the 24 possible gene types were found among 181 isolates, and 68 (38%) of them had more than one gene type. Temporal, but not spatial, variation was found in the distribution of MSP-1 gene types in the Amazon. Interestingly, some gene types occurred more frequently than expected from random assortment of allelic types in different blocks, as previously found in other areas of endemicity. We also compared the antibody recognition of polymorphic (block 2), dimorphic (block 6), and conserved (block 3) regions of MSP-1 in Amazonian malaria patients and clinically immune Africans, using a panel of recombinant peptides. Results were summarized as follows. (i) All blocks were targeted by naturally acquired cytophilic antibodies of the subclasses IgG1 and IgG3, but the balance between IgG1 and IgG3 depended on the subjects' cumulative exposure to malaria. (ii) The balance between IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses and the duration of antibody responses differed in relation to distinct MSP-1 peptides. (iii) Antibody responses to variable blocks 2 and 6 were predominantly type specific, but variant-specific antibodies that target isolate-specific repetitive motifs within block 2 were more frequent in Amazonian patients than in previously studied African populations.
- Published
- 1999
16. Incidence and mutation analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Eastern Indonesian populations
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Tantular, I. S., Hiroyuki Matsuoka, Kasahara, Y., Pusarawati, S., Kanbe, T., Tuda, J. S. B., Kido, Y., Dachlan, Y. P., and Kawamoto, F.
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rapid G6PD test ,Male ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ,Indonesia ,Incidence ,Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,eastern Indonesian population ,Humans ,molecular analysis ,G6PD Vanua Lava ,Female ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase - Abstract
We conducted a field survey of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenese (G6PD) deficiency in the eastern Indonesian islands, and analyzed G6PD variants molecularly. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in 5 ethnic groups (Manggarai, Bajawa, Nage-Keo, Larantuka, and Palue) on the Flores and Palue Islands was lower than that of another native group, Sikka, or a nonnative group, Riung. Molecular analysis of G6PD variants indicated that 19 cases in Sikka had a frequency distribution of G6PD variants similar to those in our previous studies, while 8 cases in Riung had a different frequency distribution of G6PD variants. On the other hand, from field surveys in another 8 ethnic groups (Timorese, Sumbanese, Savunese, Kendari, Buton, Muna, Minahasa, and Sangirese) on the islands of West Timor, Sumba, Sulawesi, Muna and Bangka, a total of 49 deficient cases were detected. Thirty-nine of these 49 cases had G6PD Vanua Lava (383T>C) of Melanesian origin. In our previous studies, many cases of G6PD Vanua Lava were found on other eastern Indonesian islands. Taken together, these findings may indicate that G6PD Vanua Lava is the most common variant in eastern Indonesian populations, except for Sikka.
17. Seven different glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants including a new variant distributed in Lam Dong Province in southern Vietnam
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Hiroyuki Matsuoka, Thuan, D. T. V., Thien, H., Kanbe, T., Jalloh, A., Hirai, M., Arai, M., Nguyen, T. D., and Kawamoto, F.
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Male ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Vietnam ,Kinh ,Molecular Sequence Data ,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase defi ciency ,malaria ,Genetic Variation ,Humans ,Bao Loc ,Female ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase - Abstract
We conducted a survey for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency using blood samples from male outpatients of a local hospital in southern Vietnam. Most of the samples were from the Kinh (88.9%), the largest ethnic group in Vietnam, with a small number (11.1%) coming from the K'Ho, Chauma, Nung, and Tay minorities. We detected 25 G6PD-deficient cases among 1,104 samples (2.3%), and read the open reading frame of G6PD. A novel mutation (352T>C) predicting an aminoacid change of 118Tyr>His was found in a 1-year-old Kinh boy. His G6PD activity was estimated to be less than 10% residual activity, although he did not show chronic hemolytic anemia. Thus, we categorized this variant as Class II and named it G6PD Bao Loc. In the Kinh population, G6PD Viangchan (871G>A, 1311C>T, intron 11 nt93T>C), one of the most common variants in continental Southeast Asian populations, was the highest (6/19), followed by variants originating from the Chinese such as G6PD Canton (1376G>T) (5/19), G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A) (3/19), G6PD Gaohe (95A>G) (1/19), and G6PD Quing Yuan (392G>T) (1/19). In addition, G6PD Union (1360C>T) (2/19), which originated from the Oceania, was also detected. These findings suggest that the Kinh people are derived from various ancestries from continental Southeast Asia, China, and Oceania. In contrast, all of the 5 deficient cases in the K'Ho population were G6PD Viangchan, suggesting that they were very close to Southeast Asian populations such as the Khmer in Cambodia and the Lao in Laos. It is interesting that G6PD Mahidol (487G>A), another common variant in continental Southeast Asian populations in Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia, has not been detected from the Vietnamese.
18. Single-nucleotide polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium and geographic structure in the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax: prospects for genome-wide association studies
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Gunawardena Sharmini, Socheat Duong, Fairhust Rick M, Sá Juliana M, Amaratunga Chanaki, Gonçalves Raquel M, Scopel Kézia KG, da Silva Natal S, da Silva-Nunes Mônica, Karunaweera Nadira D, Orjuela-Sánchez Pamela, Thavakodirasah Thuraisamy, Galapaththy Gawrie LN, Abeysinghe Rabindra, Kawamoto Fumihiko, Wirth Dyann F, and Ferreira Marcelo U
- Subjects
Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background The ideal malaria parasite populations for initial mapping of genomic regions contributing to phenotypes such as drug resistance and virulence, through genome-wide association studies, are those with high genetic diversity, allowing for numerous informative markers, and rare meiotic recombination, allowing for strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers and phenotype-determining loci. However, levels of genetic diversity and LD in field populations of the major human malaria parasite P. vivax remain little characterized. Results We examined single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and LD patterns across a 100-kb chromosome segment of P. vivax in 238 field isolates from areas of low to moderate malaria endemicity in South America and Asia, where LD tends to be more extensive than in holoendemic populations, and in two monkey-adapted strains (Salvador-I, from El Salvador, and Belem, from Brazil). We found varying levels of SNP diversity and LD across populations, with the highest diversity and strongest LD in the area of lowest malaria transmission. We found several clusters of contiguous markers with rare meiotic recombination and characterized a relatively conserved haplotype structure among populations, suggesting the existence of recombination hotspots in the genome region analyzed. Both silent and nonsynonymous SNPs revealed substantial between-population differentiation, which accounted for ~40% of the overall genetic diversity observed. Although parasites clustered according to their continental origin, we found evidence for substructure within the Brazilian population of P. vivax. We also explored between-population differentiation patterns revealed by loci putatively affected by natural selection and found marked geographic variation in frequencies of nucleotide substitutions at the pvmdr-1 locus, putatively associated with drug resistance. Conclusion These findings support the feasibility of genome-wide association studies in carefully selected populations of P. vivax, using relatively low densities of markers, but underscore the risk of false positives caused by population structure at both local and regional levels. See commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/90
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- 2010
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19. Distribution of G6PD deficiency genotypes among Southeast Asian populations.
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Tantular IS and Kawamoto F
- Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a group of X-linked, hereditary genetic disorders caused by mutations in the G6PD gene and results in functional variants of about 400 biochemical and clinical phenotypes. Among them, more than 215 genotypes have been identified so far. In this review, specific features of the genotype distribution in different communities and countries are discussed based on multiple reports and our molecular epidemiological studies of Southeast Asian countries. Particularly, in Indonesia, the frequency distribution of G6PD deficiency variants was distinct between western and eastern Indonesian populations, suggesting two different gene flows during Indonesian expansions., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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20. C-peptide level as predictor of type 2 diabetes remission and body composition changes in non-diabetic and diabetic patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
- Author
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de Cleva R, Kawamoto F, Borges G, Caproni P, Cassenote AJF, and Santo MA
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- Body Composition, Body Mass Index, C-Peptide, Child, Preschool, Humans, Prospective Studies, Remission Induction, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Gastric Bypass, Obesity, Morbid surgery
- Abstract
Objectives: Several predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission after metabolic surgery have been proposed and used to develop predictive scores. These scores may not be reproducible in diverse geographic regions with different baseline characteristics. This study aimed to identify predictive factors associated with T2DM remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in patients with severe obesity. We hypothesized that the body composition alterations induced by bariatric surgery could also contribute to diabetes remission., Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 100 patients with severe obesity and T2DM who underwent RYGB between 2014 and 2016 for preoperative factors (age, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, C-peptide plasma level, and basal insulinemia) to identify predictors of T2DM remission (glycemia<126 mg/dL and/or HbA1c<6.5%) at 3 years postoperatively. The potential preoperative predictors were prospectively applied to 20 other patients with obesity and T2DM who underwent RYGB for validation. In addition, 81 patients with severe obesity (33 with T2DM) underwent body composition evaluations by bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 770®) 1 year after RYGB for comparison of body composition changes between patients with and those without T2DM., Results: The retrospective analysis identified only a C-peptide level >3 ng/dL as a positive predictor of 3-year postoperative diabetes remission, which was validated in the prospective phase. There was a significant difference in the postoperative body composition changes between non-diabetic and diabetic patients only in trunk mass., Conclusion: Preoperative C-peptide levels can be useful for predicting T2DM remission after RYGB. Trunk mass is the most important difference in postoperative body composition changes between non-diabetic and diabetic patients.
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- 2021
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21. Real-world evidence of health outcomes and medication use 24 months after bariatric surgery in the public healthcare system in Brazil: a retrospective, single-center study.
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Pajecki D, Kawamoto F, Dantas ACB, Andrade PC, Brasil NC, Junqueira SM, Oliveira FMP, Ribeiro RA, and Santo MA
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- Adult, Body Mass Index, Brazil, Diabetes Complications drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Dyslipidemias complications, Dyslipidemias drug therapy, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux complications, Gastroesophageal Reflux drug therapy, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertension drug therapy, Obesity, Morbid complications, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Weight Loss, Bariatric Surgery, Drug Prescriptions statistics & numerical data, Gastric Bypass methods, Laparoscopy, Obesity, Morbid surgery
- Abstract
Objectives: The number of bariatric procedures has significantly increased in Brazil, especially in the public Unified Health System. The present study describes health outcomes and medication use in obese patients treated in a major hospital that performs publicly funded surgery in Brazil., Methods: A retrospective, single center study was conducted to collect real-world evidence of health outcomes and medication use in 247 obese patients (female, 82.2%) who underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI), presence of apnea, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and medication use (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) were assessed preoperatively and up to 24 months postoperatively. The mean cost of medications was calculated for the 12-month preoperative and 24-month postoperative periods., Results: During the surgery, the mean age of patients was 43.42 years (standard deviation [SD], 10.9 years), and mean BMI was 46.7 kg/m2 (SD, 6.7 kg/m2). At 24 months, significant declines were noted in weight (mean, -37.6 kg), BMI (mean, -14.3 kg/m2); presence of T2D, hypertension, and apnea (-29.6%, -50.6%, and -20.9%, respectively); and number of patients using medications (-66.67% for diabetes, -41.86% for hypertension, and -55.26% for dyslipidemia). The mean cost of medications (total costs for all medications) decreased by >50% in 12-24 postoperative months compared to that in 12 preoperative months., Conclusion: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass successfully reduced weight, BMI, and comorbidities and medication use and cost at 24 months in Brazilian patients treated in the public Unified Health System.
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- 2020
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22. Animal modeling in bone research-Should we follow the White Rabbit?
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Schafrum Macedo A, Cezaretti Feitosa C, Yoiti Kitamura Kawamoto F, Vinicius Tertuliano Marinho P, Dos Santos Dal-Bó Í, Fiuza Monteiro B, Prado L, Bregadioli T, Antonio Covino Diamante G, and Ricardo Auada Ferrigno C
- Abstract
Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research. They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge. Livestock production has favored the pace of human social development over millennia. Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations. The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse. The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on, but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health. Bone research, in particular, has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot yet fully address. In that sense, standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models. Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications, followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario., Competing Interests: None., (© 2019 The Authors. Animal Models and Experimental Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences.)
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- 2019
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23. Improvement of malaria diagnostic system based on acridine orange staining.
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Kimura M, Teramoto I, Chan CW, Idris ZM, Kongere J, Kagaya W, Kawamoto F, Asada R, Isozumi R, and Kaneko A
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- Kenya, Acridine Orange chemistry, Diagnostic Tests, Routine instrumentation, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Light, Malaria diagnosis, Staining and Labeling methods
- Abstract
Background: Rapid diagnosis of malaria using acridine orange (AO) staining and a light microscope with a halogen lamp and interference filter was deployed in some malaria-endemic countries. However, it has not been widely adopted because: (1) the lamp was weak as an excitation light and the set-up did not work well under unstable power supply; and, (2) the staining of samples was frequently inconsistent., Methods: The halogen lamp was replaced by a low-cost, blue light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. Using a reformulated AO solution, the staining protocol was revised to make use of a concentration gradient instead of uniform staining. To evaluate this new AO diagnostic system, a pilot field study was conducted in the Lake Victoria basin in Kenya., Results: Without staining failure, malaria infection status of about 100 samples was determined on-site per one microscopist per day, using the improved AO diagnostic system. The improved AO diagnosis had both higher overall sensitivity (46.1 vs 38.9%: p = 0.08) and specificity (99.0 vs 96.3%) than the Giemsa method (N = 1018), using PCR diagnosis as the standard., Conclusions: Consistent AO staining of thin blood films and rapid evaluation of malaria parasitaemia with the revised protocol produced superior results relative to the Giemsa method. This AO diagnostic system can be set up easily at low cost using an ordinary light microscope. It may supplement rapid diagnostic tests currently used in clinical settings in malaria-endemic countries, and may be considered as an inexpensive tool for case surveillance in malaria-eliminating countries.
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- 2018
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24. Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World.
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Rodrigues PT, Valdivia HO, de Oliveira TC, Alves JMP, Duarte AMRC, Cerutti-Junior C, Buery JC, Brito CFA, de Souza JC Jr, Hirano ZMB, Bueno MG, Catão-Dias JL, Malafronte RS, Ladeia-Andrade S, Mita T, Santamaria AM, Calzada JE, Tantular IS, Kawamoto F, Raijmakers LRJ, Mueller I, Pacheco MA, Escalante AA, Felger I, and Ferreira MU
- Subjects
- Animals, Haplorhini, Humans, Plasmodium falciparum pathogenicity, Racial Groups, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Genome, Mitochondrial, Human Migration, Malaria, Falciparum transmission, Phylogeny, Plasmodium falciparum genetics
- Abstract
We examined the mitogenomes of a large global collection of human malaria parasites to explore how and when Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax entered the Americas. We found evidence of a significant contribution of African and South Asian lineages to present-day New World malaria parasites with additional P. vivax lineages appearing to originate from Melanesia that were putatively carried by the Australasian peoples who contributed genes to Native Americans. Importantly, mitochondrial lineages of the P. vivax-like species P. simium are shared by platyrrhine monkeys and humans in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, but not across the Amazon, which most likely resulted from one or a few recent human-to-monkey transfers. While enslaved Africans were likely the main carriers of P. falciparum mitochondrial lineages into the Americas after the conquest, additional parasites carried by Australasian peoples in pre-Columbian times may have contributed to the extensive diversity of extant local populations of P. vivax.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Further Molecular Analysis of G6PD Deficiency Variants in Southern Vietnam and a Novel Variant Designated as G6PD Ho Chi Minh (173 A>G; 58 Asp>Gly): Frequency Distributions of Variants Compared with Those in Other Southeast Asian Countries.
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Kawamoto F, Matsuoka H, Pham NM, Hayashi T, Kasahara Y, Dung NT, Kido Y, Kanbe T, and Tantular IS
- Subjects
- Demography, Ethnicity, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ethnology, Humans, Vietnam epidemiology, Genetic Variation genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency epidemiology, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency genetics
- Abstract
We conducted a survey of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency among newborn babies at Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, southern Vietnam. A total of 90 deficient babies were detected, including 85 in the Kinh ethnic group, 4 Chinese, and 1 in the K'Ho minority group. In the Kinh ethnic group, G6PD variants such as G6PD Viangchan (n=32), Kaiping (n=11), Canton (n=8), Chinese-5 (n=7), Union (n=5) and Quing Yuan (n=4) were detected. A variant with silent mutations at 1311 C>T and IVS11 nt 93 T>C was also detected in 17 cases. A novel mutation (173 A>G) in exon 4 with a predicted amino acid change of 58 Asp>Gly was also found in a Kinh newborn girl and her father, and it was designated as G6PD Ho Chi Minh. These findings demonstrated that the Kinh ethnic group in southern Vietnam has 8 different G6PD variants, indicating that the members of this group have many ancestors in terms of G6PD variants from Southeast Asia, China, and Oceania. We compared the frequency distribution of G6PD variants in the Kinh population with those of other Southeast Asian populations, and the Kinh population's distribution was quite similar to that in the Thai population, but differed from it by the absence of G6PD Mahidol., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
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- 2017
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26. Extremely low Helicobacter pylori prevalence in North Sulawesi, Indonesia and identification of a Maori-tribe type strain: a cross sectional study.
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Miftahussurur M, Tuda J, Suzuki R, Kido Y, Kawamoto F, Matsuda M, Tantular IS, Pusarawati S, Nasronudin, Harijanto PN, and Yamaoka Y
- Abstract
Background: Sulawesi in Indonesia has a unique geographical profile with assumed separation from Sundaland. Studies of Helicobacter pylori in this region are rare due to the region's rural location and lack of endoscopy equipment. Indirect methods are, therefore, the most appropriate for measuring H. pylori infection in these areas; with the disposable gastric brush test, we can obtain gastric juice as well as small gastric tissue samples for H. pylori culture. We investigated the prevalence of H. pylori infection and evaluated human migration patterns in the remote areas of North Sulawesi., Methods: We recruited a total of 251 consecutive adult volunteers and 131 elementary school children. H. pylori infection was determined by urine antibody test. A gastric brush test was used to culture H. pylori. We used next-generation and polymerase chain reaction based sequencing to determine virulence factors and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)., Results: The overall H. pylori prevalence was only 14.3% for adults and 3.8% for children, and 13.6% and 16.7% in Minahasanese and Mongondownese participants, respectively. We isolated a single H. pylori strain, termed -Manado-1. Manado-1 was East Asian type cagA (ABD type), vacA s1c-m1b, iceA1 positive/iceA2 negative, jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3) galT-negative, oipA "on", and dupA-negative. Phylogenetic analyses showed the strain to be hspMaori type, a major type observed in native Taiwanese and Maori tribes., Conclusions: Our data support that very low H. pylori infection prevalence in Indonesia. Identification of hspMaori type H. pylori in North Sulawesi may support the hypothesis that North Sulawesi people migrated from north.
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- 2014
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27. Perturbation of copper homeostasis is instrumental in early developmental arrest of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum.
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Asahi H, Tolba ME, Tanabe M, Sugano S, Abe K, and Kawamoto F
- Subjects
- Homeostasis, Humans, Plasmodium falciparum growth & development, Plasmodium falciparum metabolism, Copper metabolism, Erythrocytes parasitology, Plasmodium falciparum physiology
- Abstract
Background: Malaria continues to be a devastating disease. The elucidation of factors inducing asexual growth versus arrest of Plasmodium falciparum can provide information about the development of the parasite, and may help in the search for novel malaria medication. Based on information from genome-wide transcriptome profiling of different developmental stages of P. falciparum, we investigated the critical importance of copper homeostasis in the developmental succession of P. falciparum with regard to three aspects of copper function. These were:1) inhibition of copper-binding proteins, 2) copper-ion chelation, and 3) down-regulated expression of genes encoding copper-binding proteins associated with a specific growth-promoting factor., Results: Inhibition of copper-binding proteins with tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) caused cessation of growth of the parasite. TTM arrested the parasite irreversibly during the trophozoite to schizont stage progression. Target molecules for TTM may be present in P. falciparum. The involvement of copper ions in developmental arrest was also investigated by copper-ion chelating methods, which indicated a critical function of reduced copper ions (Cu1+) in the parasite during the early developmental stage. Copper ions, not only in the parasite but also in host cells, were targets of the chelators. Chelation of Cu1+caused blockage of trophozoite progression from the ring stage. Profound growth arrest was detected in parasites cultured in a chemically defined medium containing hexadecanoic acid alone as a growth-promoting factor. This developmental arrest was associated with down-regulated expression of genes encoding copper-binding proteins. Cis-9-octadecenoic acid completely prevented the down-regulation of gene expression and developmental arrest that were observed with the use of hexadecanoic acid., Conclusions: The critical importance of copper homeostasis in early developmental stages of P. falciparum was confirmed. Perturbation of copper homeostasis induced profound and early developmental arrest of P. falciparum. These findings should help to elucidate the mechanisms behind the development of P. falciparum, and may be applied in the development of effective antimalarial strategies.
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- 2014
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28. Preoperative weight loss in super-obese patients: study of the rate of weight loss and its effects on surgical morbidity.
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Santo MA, Riccioppo D, Pajecki D, Cleva Rd, Kawamoto F, and Cecconello I
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- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Diet, Reducing, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications prevention & control, Risk Factors, Statistics, Nonparametric, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Bariatric Surgery methods, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Preoperative Care methods, Weight Loss
- Abstract
Objectives: The incidence of obesity and particularly super obesity, has increased tremendously. At our institution, super obesity represents 30.1% of all severely obese individuals in the bariatric surgery program. In super obesity, surgical morbidity is higher and the results are worse compared with morbid obesity, independent of the surgical technique. The primary strategy for minimizing complications in these patients is to decrease the body mass index before surgery. Preoperative weight reduction can be achieved by a hypocaloric diet, drug therapy, an intragastric balloon, or hospitalization. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of a period of hospitalization for preoperative weight loss in a group of super-obese patients., Methods: Twenty super-obese patients were submitted to a weight loss program between 2006 and 2010. The mean patient age was 46 years (range 21-59). The mean BMI was 66 kg/m2 (range 51-98) and 12 were women. The average hospital stay was 19.9 weeks and the average weight loss was 19% of the initial weight (7-37%). The average caloric intake was 5 kcal/kg/day. After the weight loss program, the patients underwent gastric bypass surgery., Results: The statistical analysis revealed that after 14 weeks of treatment (15% loss of initial weight), the weight loss was not significant. All patients had satisfactory surgical recovery and were discharged after an average of 4.6 days., Conclusion: In super obesity, preoperative weight loss is an important method for reducing surgical risks. Hospitalization and a hypocaloric diet are safe and effective. After 14 weeks, the weight loss rate stabilized, signaling the time of surgical intervention in our study.
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- 2014
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29. Early complications in bariatric surgery: incidence, diagnosis and treatment.
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Santo MA, Pajecki D, Riccioppo D, Cleva R, Kawamoto F, and Cecconello I
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Gastric Bypass adverse effects, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Postoperative Complications diagnosis, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications therapy
- Abstract
Context: Bariatric surgery has proven to be the most effective method of treating severe obesity. Nevertheless, the acceptance of bariatric surgery is still questioned. The surgical complications observed in the early postoperative period following surgeries performed to treat severe obesity are similar to those associated with other major surgeries of the gastrointestinal tract. However, given the more frequent occurrence of medical comorbidities, these patients require special attention in the early postoperative follow-up. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these complications are directly associated with a greater probability of control., Method: The medical records of 538 morbidly obese patients who underwent surgical treatment (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery) were reviewed. Ninety-three (17.2%) patients were male and 445 (82.8%) were female. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 70 years (average = 46), and their body mass indices ranged from 34.6 to 77 kg/m2., Results: Early complications occurred in 9.6% and were distributed as follows: 2.6% presented bleeding, intestinal obstruction occurred in 1.1%, peritoneal infections occurred in 3.2%, and 2.2% developed abdominal wall infections that required hospitalization. Three (0.5%) patients experienced pulmonary thromboembolism. The mortality rate was 0,55%., Conclusion: The incidence of early complications was low. The diagnosis of these complications was mostly clinical, based on the presence of signs and symptoms. The value of the clinical signs and early treatment, specially in cases of sepsis, were essential to the favorable surgical outcome. The mortality was mainly related to thromboembolism and advanced age, over 65 years.
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- 2013
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30. Preservation of wild isolates of human malaria parasites in wet ice and adaptation efficacy to in vitro culture.
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Tantular IS, Pusarawati S, Khin L, Kanbe T, Kimura M, Kido Y, and Kawamoto F
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Wild isolates of malaria parasites were preserved in wet ice for 2-12 days and cultivated by a candle jar method. In four isolates of Plasmodium falciparum collected from Myanmar and preserved for 12 days, all failed to grow. In 31 isolates preserved for 5-10 days, nine were transformed to young gametocytes, but 22 isolates grew well. From Ranong, Thailand, nine isolates preserved for 7 days were examined, and six grew well. On the other hand, all of the 59 isolates collected from eastern Indonesian islands failed to establish as culture-adapted isolates, even most of them were preserved only for 2-3 days: 10 isolates stopped to grow, and 49 isolates were transformed to sexual stages by Day 10. These results indicated that a great difference in adaptation to in vitro culture may exist between wild isolates distributed in continental Southeast Asia and in eastern Indonesia and that gametocytogenesis might be easily switched on in Indonesian isolates. In wild isolates of P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale preserved for 2-9 days, ring forms or young trophozoites survived, but adaptation to in vitro culture failed. These results indicate that wild isolates can be preserved in wet ice for 9-10 days.
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- 2012
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31. Incidence and mutation analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in eastern Indonesian populations.
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Tantular IS, Matsuoka H, Kasahara Y, Pusarawati S, Kanbe T, Tuda JS, Kido Y, Dachlan YP, and Kawamoto F
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- DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ethnology, Humans, Incidence, Indonesia epidemiology, Male, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency epidemiology, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency genetics
- Abstract
We conducted a field survey of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenese (G6PD) deficiency in the eastern Indonesian islands, and analyzed G6PD variants molecularly. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in 5 ethnic groups (Manggarai, Bajawa, Nage-Keo, Larantuka, and Palue) on the Flores and Palue Islands was lower than that of another native group, Sikka, or a nonnative group, Riung. Molecular analysis of G6PD variants indicated that 19 cases in Sikka had a frequency distribution of G6PD variants similar to those in our previous studies, while 8 cases in Riung had a different frequency distribution of G6PD variants. On the other hand, from field surveys in another 8 ethnic groups (Timorese, Sumbanese, Savunese, Kendari, Buton, Muna, Minahasa, and Sangirese) on the islands of West Timor, Sumba, Sulawesi, Muna and Bangka, a total of 49 deficient cases were detected. Thirty-nine of these 49 cases had G6PD Vanua Lava (383T>C) of Melanesian origin. In our previous studies, many cases of G6PD Vanua Lava were found on other eastern Indonesian islands. Taken together, these findings may indicate that G6PD Vanua Lava is the most common variant in eastern Indonesian populations, except for Sikka.
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- 2010
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32. Single-nucleotide polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium and geographic structure in the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax: prospects for genome-wide association studies.
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Orjuela-Sánchez P, Karunaweera ND, da Silva-Nunes M, da Silva NS, Scopel KK, Gonçalves RM, Amaratunga C, Sá JM, Socheat D, Fairhust RM, Gunawardena S, Thavakodirasah T, Galapaththy GL, Abeysinghe R, Kawamoto F, Wirth DF, and Ferreira MU
- Subjects
- Animals, Genetics, Population, Selection, Genetic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Linkage Disequilibrium, Plasmodium vivax genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Abstract
Background: The ideal malaria parasite populations for initial mapping of genomic regions contributing to phenotypes such as drug resistance and virulence, through genome-wide association studies, are those with high genetic diversity, allowing for numerous informative markers, and rare meiotic recombination, allowing for strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers and phenotype-determining loci. However, levels of genetic diversity and LD in field populations of the major human malaria parasite P. vivax remain little characterized., Results: We examined single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and LD patterns across a 100-kb chromosome segment of P. vivax in 238 field isolates from areas of low to moderate malaria endemicity in South America and Asia, where LD tends to be more extensive than in holoendemic populations, and in two monkey-adapted strains (Salvador-I, from El Salvador, and Belem, from Brazil). We found varying levels of SNP diversity and LD across populations, with the highest diversity and strongest LD in the area of lowest malaria transmission. We found several clusters of contiguous markers with rare meiotic recombination and characterized a relatively conserved haplotype structure among populations, suggesting the existence of recombination hotspots in the genome region analyzed. Both silent and nonsynonymous SNPs revealed substantial between-population differentiation, which accounted for ~40% of the overall genetic diversity observed. Although parasites clustered according to their continental origin, we found evidence for substructure within the Brazilian population of P. vivax. We also explored between-population differentiation patterns revealed by loci putatively affected by natural selection and found marked geographic variation in frequencies of nucleotide substitutions at the pvmdr-1 locus, putatively associated with drug resistance., Conclusion: These findings support the feasibility of genome-wide association studies in carefully selected populations of P. vivax, using relatively low densities of markers, but underscore the risk of false positives caused by population structure at both local and regional levels.
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- 2010
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33. Improvement of the repetitive sequence-based identification and genotyping of Candida albicans using ALT-specific primers.
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Hattori H, Tanaka R, Chibana H, Kawamoto F, Adachi H, Shimizu K, and Kanbe T
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- Base Sequence, Candida classification, Candida genetics, Candida metabolism, Candida albicans metabolism, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Alignment, Candida albicans classification, Candida albicans genetics, DNA Primers metabolism, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of the inner repeats of the repetitive sequence (RPS), termed ALTs, of Candida albicans and its related species C. albicans var. stellatoidea and C. dubliniensis, were analyzed. ALT sequences were grouped into 4 types for C. albicans (Aa, Ab, Ac and Ad) and C. albicans var. stellatoidea (Sa1, Sa2, Sb, Sc and Sd), and 3 types for C. dubliniensis (Da, Db and Dc). In addition to the primer set P-II (specific to RPS), 2 primer sets (AS-I and AiR-I) specific to the nucleotide sequences of C. albicans ALT were designed and tested for their potential for RPS-based identification/genotyping of C. albicans. PCRs using AS-I and AiR-I clearly distinguished C. albicans from both C. albicans var. stellatoidea and C. dubliniensis. Furthermore, the strains of C. albicans that showed similar electrophoretic patterns in the PCR using P-II were discriminated at the subtype level. These results indicate that the PCRs using RPS- and ALT-specific primer sets are useful as simple and rapid systems for the specific identification and genotyping of C. albicans.
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- 2009
34. Extensive microsatellite diversity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.
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Karunaweera ND, Ferreira MU, Munasinghe A, Barnwell JW, Collins WE, King CL, Kawamoto F, Hartl DL, and Wirth DF
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- Animals, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Linkage Disequilibrium, Microsatellite Repeats genetics, Plasmodium vivax genetics
- Abstract
The population structure of Plasmodium vivax remains elusive. The markers of choice for large-scale population genetic studies of eukaryotes, short tandem repeats known as microsatellites, have been recently reported to be less polymorphic in P. vivax. Here we investigate the microsatellite diversity and geographic structure in P. vivax, at both local and global levels, using 14 new markers consisting of tri- or tetranucleotide repeats. The local-level analysis, which involved 50 field isolates from Sri Lanka, revealed unexpectedly high diversity (average virtual heterozygosity [H(E)], 0.807) and significant multilocus linkage disequilibrium in this region of low malaria endemicity. Multiple-clone infections occurred in 60% of isolates sampled in 2005. The global-level analysis of field isolates or monkey-adapted strains identified 150 unique haplotypes among 164 parasites from four continents. Individual P. vivax isolates could not be unambiguously assigned to geographic populations. For example, we found relatively low divergence among parasites from Central America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Oceania, but substantial differentiation between parasites from the same continent (South Asia and Southeast Asia) or even from the same country (Brazil). Parasite relapses, which may extend the duration of P. vivax carriage in humans, are suggested to facilitate the spread of strains across continents, breaking down any pre-existing geographic structure.
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- 2008
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35. Seven different glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants including a new variant distributed in Lam Dong Province in southern Vietnam.
- Author
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Matsuoka H, Thuan DT, van Thien H, Kanbe T, Jalloh A, Hirai M, Arai M, Dung NT, and Kawamoto F
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- Amino Acid Substitution genetics, Female, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency enzymology, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency epidemiology, Humans, Malaria enzymology, Malaria epidemiology, Malaria genetics, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Vietnam epidemiology, Genetic Variation, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency genetics
- Abstract
We conducted a survey for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency using blood samples from male outpatients of a local hospital in southern Vietnam. Most of the samples were from the Kinh (88.9%), the largest ethnic group in Vietnam, with a small number (11.1%) coming from the K'Ho, Chauma, Nung, and Tay minorities. We detected 25 G6PD-deficient cases among 1,104 samples (2.3%), and read the open reading frame of G6PD. A novel mutation (352T>C) predicting an aminoacid change of 118Tyr>His was found in a 1-year-old Kinh boy. His G6PD activity was estimated to be less than 10% residual activity, although he did not show chronic hemolytic anemia. Thus, we categorized this variant as Class II and named it G6PD Bao Loc. In the Kinh population, G6PD Viangchan (871G>A, 1311C>T, intron 11 nt93T>C), one of the most common variants in continental Southeast Asian populations, was the highest (6/19), followed by variants originating from the Chinese such as G6PD Canton (1376G>T) (5/19), G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A) (3/19), G6PD Gaohe (95A>G) (1/19), and G6PD Quing Yuan (392G>T) (1/19). In addition, G6PD Union (1360C>T) (2/19), which originated from the Oceania, was also detected. These findings suggest that the Kinh people are derived from various ancestries from continental Southeast Asia, China, and Oceania. In contrast, all of the 5 deficient cases in the K'Ho population were G6PD Viangchan, suggesting that they were very close to Southeast Asian populations such as the Khmer in Cambodia and the Lao in Laos. It is interesting that G6PD Mahidol (487G>A), another common variant in continental Southeast Asian populations in Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia, has not been detected from the Vietnamese.
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- 2007
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36. Reactivity of blood samples spotted onto filter papers in the WST-8 method for screening of G6PD deficiency.
- Author
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Arai M, Kosuge K, Kawamoto F, and Matsuoka H
- Subjects
- Blood Preservation, Blood Specimen Collection, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase antagonists & inhibitors, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency blood, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency diagnosis, Humans, Malaria blood, Malaria enzymology, Saponins pharmacology, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase blood, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency enzymology, Mass Screening, Tetrazolium Salts
- Abstract
Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) causes acute hemolytic anemia triggered by oxidative drugs such as primaquine. It is therefore essential in malaria-endemic areas for malaria patients to be confirmed for their G6PD activity before taking primaquine. The WST-8 method, a newly established screening method for G6PD deficiency, has been demonstrated to be suitable for field conditions, particularly for on-site malaria surveys. Here we report a laboratory evaluation by this method of the reactivity of blood-spotted filters. A time-course experiment was conducted to evaluate the reactivity of blood samples spotted onto 4 types of filter paper, Whatman 31ET Chr (ET), 3MM Chr (3MM), P81, and Advantec No. 2 (AD2). The rank of the relative reaction intensity was ET > 3MM = AD2 > P81. Blood-spotted filters stored at 4 degrees C gradually decreased G6PD reactivity with the passage of storage time, whereas those stored at room temperature rapidly reduced their reactivity. Unexpectedly, saponin supplementation reduced the reactivity of blood-spotted filters. In conclusion, 1) ET is the most suitable filter for the WST-8 method; 2) blood-spotted filters stored in cold condition can be assayed within 14 days, or those stored at room temperature should be tested within 3 days; and 3) reaction mixtures should not contain saponin.
- Published
- 2006
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37. Sequence variation in the T-cell epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein among field isolates is temporally stable: a 5-year longitudinal study in southern Vietnam.
- Author
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Jalloh A, van Thien H, Ferreira MU, Ohashi J, Matsuoka H, Kanbe T, Kikuchi A, and Kawamoto F
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte chemistry, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte metabolism, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Phylogeny, Plasmodium falciparum immunology, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Protozoan Proteins immunology, Vietnam, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte genetics, Genetic Variation genetics, Plasmodium falciparum genetics, Protozoan Proteins chemistry
- Abstract
In an effort to decipher the nature and extent of antigen polymorphisms of malaria parasites in a setting where malaria is hypomesoendemic, we conducted a 5-year longitudinal study (1998 to 2003) by sequencing the Th2R and Th3R epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of 142 Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Bao Loc, Vietnam. Samples were collected during the high-transmission season, September through December 1998 (n = 43), as well as from July 2000 to August 2001 (n = 34), September 2001 to July 2002 (n = 33), and August 2002 to July 2003 (n = 32). Marked sequence diversity was noted during the high-transmission season in 1998, but no significant variation in allele frequencies was observed over the years (chi(2) = 70.003, degrees of freedom = 57, P = 0.116). The apparent temporal stability in allele frequency observed in this Bao Loc malaria setting may suggest that polymorphism in the Th2R and Th3R epitopes is not maintained by frequency-dependent immune selection. By including 36 isolates from Flores Island, Indonesia, and 19 isolates from Thaton, Myanmar, we investigated geographical patterns of sequence polymorphism for these epitopes in Southeast Asia; among the characterized isolates, a globally distributed variant appears to be predominant in Vietnam (75 of 142 isolates, or 52.8%) as well as in Myanmar (15 of 19 isolates, or 78.9%) and Indonesia (31 of 36 isolates, or 86.1%). Further analyses involving worldwide CSP sequences revealed distinct regional patterns, a finding which, together with the unique mutations observed here, may suggest a possible role for host or local factors in the generation of sequence diversity in the T-cell epitopes of CSP.
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- 2006
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38. Further investigations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in Flores Island, eastern Indonesia.
- Author
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Kawamoto F, Matsuoka H, Kanbe T, Tantular IS, Pusarawati S, Kerong HI, Damianus W, Mere D, and Dachlan YP
- Subjects
- DNA Mutational Analysis, Exons, Family Health, Female, Genetics, Population, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ethnology, Humans, Indonesia, Male, Genetic Variation, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency genetics
- Abstract
We conducted field surveys for malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the eastern part of Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. A total of 1,108 volunteers (642 males and 466 females) belonging to three ethnic groups (Sikka, Ende and Bajo) were examined, and 55 G6PD-deficient individuals (38 males and 17 females) were detected. Among them, 50 samples were analyzed molecularly, in addition to three deficient cases in a Bajo family. In the Sikka population, G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A), one of the two common variants in the Chinese population, was unexpectedly found as the most dominant variant (11/22, 50.0%), followed by G6PD Chatham (1003G>A, 36.4%), G6PD Coimbra (592C>T, 9.1%) and G6PD Vanua Lava (383T>C, 4.5%). Frequency of G6PD Kaiping in the Sikka might be the highest among non-Chinese populations reported so far. In the Ende population, G6PD Vanua Lava (9/14, 64.3%) was the highest, followed by G6PD Kaiping (14.3%), G6PD Chinese-5 (1024C>T, 14.3%) and G6PD Chatham (7.1%). In the Bajo population, a total of 18 deficient cases were analyzed, and a novel mutation (844G>T) in exon 8 with a predicted amino acid change of 282 Asp>Tyr was found in a 7-year-old boy at a Bajo village near Maumere. This new Class II (mild type) variant was also confirmed in his mother and sister, and designated as G6PD Bajo Maumere. The missense mutation at the same nucleotide 844 has been known as G6PD Seattle/Lodi/Modena/Ferrara II, but this mutation is caused by a G>C substitution (282 Asp>His). In the Bajo population, G6PD Viangchan (871G>A, IVS 11 nt93 T>C, 1311C>T), the most common variant in continental Southeast Asian populations, was found to be the dominant (11/18, 61.1%), followed by G6PD Vanua Lava and the new variant (each 16.7%), and G6PD Coimbra (5.6%). These results strongly suggest that the Bajo peoples may have different ancestors from those for Sikka and Ende, and may be much closer to continental Southeast Asian populations. It is interesting that G6PD Canton (1376G>T), another common variant in Chinese, was not seen in the Flores population.
- Published
- 2006
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39. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations in Cambodia: G6PD Viangchan (871G>A) is the most common variant in the Cambodian population.
- Author
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Matsuoka H, Nguon C, Kanbe T, Jalloh A, Sato H, Yoshida S, Hirai M, Arai M, Socheat D, and Kawamoto F
- Subjects
- Cambodia epidemiology, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA Primers, Genetic Testing, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency genetics, Humans, Malaria drug therapy, Malaria epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Primaquine adverse effects, Primaquine therapeutic use, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ethnicity genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency epidemiology, Mutation genetics
- Abstract
We conducted a survey of malaria diagnoses and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing in remote areas of Cambodia. Blood specimens from 670 people were collected by the finger-prick method. Of these people, 24.9% were found to have malaria, and 7.0% of people were G6PD deficient. In the Khmer, the largest ethnical population in Cambodia, the G6PD deficiency rate of males was 12.6% (25/199) whereas the rates in the minorities of the Tum Pun and the Cha Ray were 1.1% (1/93) and 3.2% (2/63), respectively. Of the G6PD-deficient subjects, 97.9% (46/47) were G6PD Viangchan (871G>A), and only one case (2.1%) was G6PD Union (1360C>T). Since G6PD Mahidol (487G>A) is common in Myanmar according to our previous study, the current finding suggests that the Cambodian population is derived from homogeneous ancestries and is different from the Myanmar population. All G6PD Viangchan cases were linked to two other mutations of 1311C>T and IVS-11 nt93T>C in the G6PD gene.
- Published
- 2005
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40. Molecular analysis of Plasmodium ovale variants.
- Author
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Win TT, Jalloh A, Tantular IS, Tsuboi T, Ferreira MU, Kimura M, and Kawamoto F
- Subjects
- Animals, Asia, Southeastern, Base Sequence, Cysteine Endopeptidases genetics, Humans, Malaria parasitology, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Ribosomal genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genetic Variation, Plasmodium ovale classification, Plasmodium ovale genetics, Protozoan Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Complete DNA sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene and partial sequences of three other loci were obtained from three variant-type and three classic-type Plasmodium ovale isolates from Southeast Asia and compared with GenBank-available data. Three different SSUrRNA sequences (Pov 1-3) were found in each variant-type isolate, and two different SSUrRNA sequences (Poc 1-2) in each classic-type isolate. Pov 1-3 were closer to sequences previously found in the Cameroon and MAL/MAI isolates, whereas Poc 1-2 were closer to sequences previously found in two clones of the Nigerian I/CDC strain. The 3' half of Pov 1-3 was identical to the partial sequence of the SSUrRNA gene from the London School (LS) strain. Results support grouping P. ovale into two groups, the classic type (including the Nigerian I/CDC strain) and the variant type (Cameroon, MAL/MAI, and LS isolates).
- Published
- 2004
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41. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations in Myanmar: G6PD Mahidol (487G>A) is the most common variant in the Myanmar population.
- Author
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Matsuoka H, Wang J, Hirai M, Arai M, Yoshida S, Kobayashi T, Jalloh A, Lin K, and Kawamoto F
- Subjects
- Ethnicity genetics, Humans, Malaria diagnosis, Malaria genetics, Myanmar, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase genetics, Mutation
- Abstract
We conducted a survey of malaria diagnoses and treatments in remote areas of Myanmar. Blood specimens from more than 1,000 people were collected by the finger-prick method, and 121 (11%) of these people were found to be glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient. Of these 121, 50 consented to analysis of the G6PD genome. We read the G6PD sequences of these subjects and found 45 cases of G6PD Mahidol (487G>A), two of G6PD Coimbra (592C>T), two of G6PD Union (1360C>T), and one of G6PD Canton (1376G>T). Taken together with data from our previous report, 91.3% (73/80) of G6PD variants were G6PD Mahidol. This finding suggests that the Myanmar population is derived from homogeneous ancestries and are different from Thai, Malaysian, and Indonesian populations.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Resistance to antimalarials in Southeast Asia and genetic polymorphisms in pfmdr1.
- Author
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Pickard AL, Wongsrichanalai C, Purfield A, Kamwendo D, Emery K, Zalewski C, Kawamoto F, Miller RS, and Meshnick SR
- Subjects
- Animals, Asia, Southeastern epidemiology, DNA Primers, Drug Resistance, Genotype, Humans, Malaria epidemiology, Mutation genetics, Plasmodium falciparum drug effects, Plasmodium falciparum metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Thailand epidemiology, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 genetics, Antimalarials pharmacology, Malaria parasitology, Plasmodium falciparum genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic genetics
- Abstract
Resistance to antimalarial drugs is a public health problem worldwide. Molecular markers for drug-resistant malaria, such as pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms, could serve as useful surveillance tools. To evaluate this possibility, sequence polymorphisms in pfcrt (position 76) and pfmdr1 (positions 86, 184, 1034, 1042, and 1246) and in vitro drug sensitivities were measured for 65 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. The pfcrt Thr76 polymorphism was present in 97% of samples, consistent with observations that chloroquine resistance is well established in this region. Polymorphisms in pfmdr1 clustered into four specific patterns: the wild type (category I), a Tyr86 polymorphism only (category II), a Phe184 polymorphism only (category III), and Phe184 in combination with Cys1034 and/or Asp1042 (category IV). Isolates in categories I and III were more sensitive to chloroquine and more resistant to mefloquine, artesunate, and artemisinin than isolates in categories II and IV (P = 0.01). Mefloquine resistance was significantly more common in category I and III isolates than in category II and IV isolates, with a prevalence ratio of 14.95 (95% confidence interval, 3.88 to 57.56). These categories identified mefloquine resistance with a sensitivity and a specificity of 94 and 91%, respectively. The pfmdr1 gene copy number was measured by real-time PCR as a ratio of the amount of pfmdr1 DNA to the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) DNA. Eight samples had pfmdr1 DNA/ldh DNA ratios >/=3. The isolates in all 8 samples fell into categories I and III and were significantly more resistant to mefloquine, quinine, artemisinin, and artesunate and more sensitive to chloroquine than the isolates in the 57 samples with <3 copies of the gene (P = 0.001). Thus, measurement of pfmdr1 mutations and gene copy number may be useful for surveillance of mefloquine-resistant malaria in Southeast Asia.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. An improved, simple screening method for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
- Author
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Tantular IS and Kawamoto F
- Subjects
- Blood Specimen Collection methods, Color, Humans, Indicators and Reagents, NADP chemistry, Sunlight, Tetrazolium Salts, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency diagnosis, Mass Screening methods, Methylphenazonium Methosulfate analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
We established a new, simple and rapid screening method for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficiency by using a new formazan substrate, 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium monosodium salt (WST-8) with a hydrogen carrier of 1-methoxyphenazine methosulfate (1-methoxy PMS), instead of a combination of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS), as used in many previous formazan methods. WST-8 does not react with haemoglobin, and the formed formazan is highly water-soluble, differing from MTT. Thus, the whole procedure can be performed in aqueous solution in a tube or well without any special equipment other than micropipettes. Within 1 h at room temperature, the strong orange colour of the WST-8 formazan formed in normal blood samples could be distinguished, by naked eye, from G6PD-deficient blood samples with less than 50% residual activity. We also found that reagents in the WST-8/1-methoxy PMS method were more resistant against exposure to sunlight than those in an MTT/PMS method. As the new method is both qualitative and quantitative, it is possible to express G6PD activity as increase of NADPH concentration by reading absorbance at 460 nm after incubation for 30 or 60 min.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Sequence diversity and evolution of the malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum.
- Author
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Ferreira MU, Ribeiro WL, Tonon AP, Kawamoto F, and Rich SM
- Subjects
- Alleles, Animals, Brazil, DNA, Protozoan chemistry, Genetic Variation, Haplotypes genetics, Linkage Disequilibrium, Malaria Vaccines, Merozoite Surface Protein 1 immunology, Molecular Sequence Data, Plasmodium falciparum immunology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Recombination, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Merozoite Surface Protein 1 genetics, Plasmodium falciparum genetics
- Abstract
The merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a major blood-stage antigen containing highly polymorphic tripeptide repeats in the domain known as block 2 and several non-repetitive domains that are essentially dimorphic. We have analyzed sequence variation in block 2 repeats and in non-repetitive block 17, as well as other polymorphisms within the MSP-1 gene, in clinical isolates of P. falciparum. Repeat haplotypes were defined as unique combinations of repeat motifs within block 2, whereas block 17 haplotypes were defined as unique combinations of single nucleotide replacements in this domain. A new block 17 haplotype, E-TNG-L, was found in one isolate from Vietnam. MSP-1 alleles, defined as unique combinations of haplotypes in blocks 2 and 17 and other polymorphisms within the molecule, were characterized in 60 isolates from hypoendemic Brazil and 37 isolates from mesoendemic Vietnam. Extensive diversity has been created in block 2 and elsewhere in the molecule, while maintaining significant linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms across the non-telomeric MSP-1 locus separated by a map distance of more than 4 kb, suggesting that low meiotic recombination rates occur in both parasite populations. These results indicate a role for non-homologous recombination, such as strand-slippage mispairing during mitosis and gene conversion, in creating variation in a malarial antigen under strong diversifying selection.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Five different glucose-6-phophate [correction phosphate]dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants found among 11 G6PD-deficient persons in Flores Island, Indonesia.
- Author
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Matsuoka H, Arai M, Yoshida S, Tantular IS, Pusarawati S, Kerong H, and Kawamoto F
- Subjects
- Genetic Variation, Humans, Indonesia epidemiology, Malaria epidemiology, Point Mutation, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency genetics
- Abstract
We conducted a survey for malaria diagnosis and treatment in four primary schools in Flores Island, one of the Indonesian Islands with an area of 17000 km(2) and a population of 1.8 million. Of those examined, 24.4% were diagnosed as having malaria (90/363) and administered medicine immediately. A glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) test was performed at the same time, and 16 persons (4.4%) were diagnosed as G6PD deficient. Eleven persons consented to analysis of the G6PD genome. We analyzed these subjects and found one case of G6PD Vanua Lava (383T>C), five cases of G6PD Coimbra (592C>T), one case of G6PD Viangchan (871G>A), one case of G6PD Chatham (1003G>A), and three cases of G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A). These were unexpected findings because five different G6PD variants were found in such a small population. This suggests that people of Flores Island are derived from various ancestries.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Microsatellite characterization of Plasmodium falciparum from cerebral and uncomplicated malaria patients in southern Vietnam.
- Author
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Ferreira MU, Nair S, Hyunh TV, Kawamoto F, and Anderson TJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Phylogeny, Plasmodium falciparum classification, Plasmodium falciparum isolation & purification, Vietnam, Malaria, Cerebral diagnosis, Malaria, Falciparum diagnosis, Microsatellite Repeats, Plasmodium falciparum genetics
- Abstract
If parasite genotype influences the clinical course of malaria, we expect that isolates from patients with similar pathology would be more closely related than would be expected by chance. To explore this prediction, we typed nine microsatellite markers in sympatric Plasmodium falciparum isolates from cerebral and uncomplicated malaria patients from Vietnam. Temporal structure and linkage disequilibrium were also examined in this data set.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Unusual plasmodium malariae-like parasites in southeast Asia.
- Author
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Kawamoto F, Win TT, Mizuno S, Lin K, Kyaw O, Tantulart IS, Mason DP, Kimura M, and Wongsrichanalai C
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, DNA, Protozoan chemistry, Humans, Malaria blood, Molecular Sequence Data, Myanmar, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Plasmodium malariae cytology, Plasmodium malariae genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Protozoan Proteins chemistry, Protozoan Proteins genetics, RNA, Ribosomal chemistry, RNA, Ribosomal genetics, Rural Population, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Malaria parasitology, Plasmodium malariae classification
- Abstract
During malaria surveys in Myanmar, 2 peculiar forms of Plasmodium malariae-like parasites were found. The morphologies of their early trophozoite stages were distinct from that of the typical P. malariae, resembling instead that of Plasmodium vivax, var. minuta, reported by Emin, and Plasmodium tenue, reported by Stephens, both in 1914. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnoses, which target the same regions in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) genes, indicated that these parasites were new variant forms of P. malariae and that they could be separated into 2 genetic types that correlated with the 2 morphological types. Sequence analysis of the SSUrRNA and the circumsporozoite protein genes revealed that they were distinct both from each other and from other known P. malariae isolates and that the P. tenue-like type was closer to a monkey quartan malaria parasite, Plasmodium brasilianum. These results illustrate that the microscopic appearance of human P. malariae parasites may be more varied than previously assumed and suggest the value of molecular tools in the evaluation of malaria morphological variants.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations in Southeast Asia.
- Author
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Iwai K, Hirono A, Matsuoka H, Kawamoto F, Horie T, Lin K, Tantular IS, Dachlan YP, Notopuro H, Hidayah NI, Salim AM, Fujii H, Miwa S, and Ishii A
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Substitution, Asia, Southeastern epidemiology, DNA chemistry, DNA genetics, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Genetic Testing, Geography, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency enzymology, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mutation, Point Mutation, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase genetics, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency genetics
- Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a heterogeneous enzyme abnormality with high frequency in tropical areas. We performed population screening and molecular studies of G6PD variants to clarify their distribution and features in Southeast Asia. A total of 4317 participants (2019 males, 2298 females) from 16 ethnic groups in Myanmar, Lao in Laos, and Amboinese in Indonesia were screened with a single-step screening method. The prevalence of G6PD-deficient males ranged from 0% (the Akha) to 10.8% (the Shan). These G6PD-deficient individuals and 12 G6PD-deficient patients who had been diagnosed at hospitals in Indonesia and Malaysia were subjected to molecular analysis by a combination of polymerase-chain-reaction-based single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. Ten different missense mutations were identified in 63 G6PD-deficient individuals (50 hemizygotes, 11 heterozygotes, and 2 homozygotes) from 14 ethnic groups. One missense mutation (1291 G-->A) found in an Indonesian Chinese, viz., G6PD Surabaya, was previously unknown. The 487 G-->A (G6PD Mahidol) mutation was widely seen in Myanmar, 383 T-->C (G6PD Vanua Lava) was specifically found among Amboinese, 871 G-->A (G6PD Viangchan) was observed mainly in Lao, and 592 C-->T (G6PD Coimbra) was found in Malaysian aborigines (Orang Asli). The other five mutations, 95 A-->G (G6PD Gaohe), 1003 G-->A (G6PD Chatham), 1360 C-->T (G6PD Union), 1376 G-->T (G6PD Canton), and 1388 G-->A (G6PD Kaiping) were identified mostly in accordance with distributions reported previously.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The panmalarial antigen detected by the ICT Malaria P.f/P.v immunochromatographic test is expressed by Plasmodium malariae.
- Author
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Mason DP, Wongsrichanalai C, Lin K, Miller RS, and Kawamoto F
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Immunologic Tests methods, Malaria complications, Plasmodium malariae immunology, Antigens, Protozoan blood, Malaria parasitology, Plasmodium falciparum isolation & purification, Plasmodium malariae isolation & purification, Plasmodium vivax isolation & purification
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. How prevalent is Plasmodium malariae in Rondônia, western Brazilian Amazon?
- Author
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Cavasini MT, Ribeiro WL, Kawamoto F, and Ferreira MU
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Humans, Prevalence, Malaria epidemiology, Plasmodium malariae
- Abstract
We have compared results of Plasmodium species identification obtained with conventional on-site microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick smears (GTS) and a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 96 malaria patients from Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon. Mixed-species infections were detected by PCR in 30% patients, but no such case had been found on GTS. Moreover, P. malariae infections were detected in 9 of 96 patients (10%) by PCR, but were not identified by local microscopists. The potential impact of species misidentification on malaria treatment and control is discussed.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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